The royal politician represented in one hundred emblems written in Spanish by Don Diego Saavedra Faxardo ... ; with a large preface, containing an account of the author, his works, and the usefulness thereof ; done into English from the original, by Sir Ja. Astry.
         Idea de un príncipe político-cristiano. English
         Saavedra Fajardo, Diego de, 1584-1648.
      
       
         
           1700
        
      
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         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 616:2)
      
       
         
           
             The royal politician represented in one hundred emblems written in Spanish by Don Diego Saavedra Faxardo ... ; with a large preface, containing an account of the author, his works, and the usefulness thereof ; done into English from the original, by Sir Ja. Astry.
             Idea de un príncipe político-cristiano. English
             Saavedra Fajardo, Diego de, 1584-1648.
             Astry, James, Sir.
          
           2 v. ([23], 376; [3], 384, [1] p.) : ill., ports.
           
             Printed for Matt. Gylliflower ..., and Luke Meredith ...,
             London :
             1700.
          
           
             Includes bibliographical references.
             Frontispieces, title pages and illustrations are engraved.
             Translation of Idea de un príncipe político-cristiano.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Political science.
           Kings and rulers -- Duties.
        
      
    
     
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                   His
                   Royal
                   Highness
                   William
                   Duke
                   of
                   Glocester
                   .
                   Printed
                   for
                   M.
                   Gillyflower
                   and
                   L.
                   Meredith
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               Royal
               Politician
               REPRESENTED
               IN
               One
               Hundred
               Emblems
               .
            
             
               Written
               in
               Spanish
               by
               Don
               Diego
               Saavedra
               Faxardo
               ,
               Knight
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               St.
               Jago
               ,
               Plenipotentiary
               Ambassador
            
             
               To
               the
               Cantons
               of
               SWITZERLAND
               ,
               At
               the
               Imperial
               Diet
               at
               RATISBON
               ,
               At
               the
               Famous
               Treaty
               of
               MUNSTER
               ,
               And
               of
               the
               Supreme
               Council
               of
               State
               for
               both
               the
               INDIES
               .
            
             
               With
               a
               large
               Preface
               ,
               containing
               an
               Account
               of
               the
               Author
               ,
               his
               Works
               ,
               and
               the
               Usefulness
               thereof
               .
            
             
               Done
               into
               English
               from
               the
               Original
               .
            
             
               By
               Sir
               
                 JA.
                 ASTRY
              
               .
            
             
               VOL.
               I.
               
            
             
               LONDON
               :
               Printed
               for
               
                 Matt.
                 Gylliflower
              
               at
               the
               Spread-Eagle
               in
               Westminster-Hall
               :
               And
               
                 Luke
                 Meredith
              
               at
               the
               Star
               in
               St.
               
               Paul's
               Church-Yard
               ,
               MDCC
               .
            
          
           
             
             
             
               TO
               His
               HIGHNESS
               THE
               Most
               Illustrious
               Prince
               ,
               WILLIAM
               ,
               Duke
               of
               Glocester
               .
            
             
               
                 May
                 it
                 please
                 your
                 Highness
                 ;
              
            
             
               THE
               Author
               of
               the
               ensuing
               Work
               ,
               originally
               a
               Spaniard
               ,
               was
               in
               his
               life-time
               ,
               so
               highly
               esteemed
               for
               his
               
                 Learning
                 ,
                 Wisdom
              
               ,
               and
               Experience
               in
               
                 State
                 Affairs
              
               ,
               that
               he
               made
               no
               small
               Figure
               in
               the
               greatest
               Courts
               of
               Europe
               .
               Nor
               has
               this
               Off-spring
               of
               his
               Brain
               met
               with
               less
               favourable
               Success
               .
               For
               having
               
               been
               translated
               into
               several
               Languages
               ,
               and
               in
               each
               often
               printed
               ,
               it
               has
               been
               received
               with
               great
               Applause
               ,
               and
               ever
               been
               honoured
               with
               the
               Protection
               of
               some
               
                 Illustrious
                 Young
                 Prince
              
               .
            
             
               But
               Precedent
               ,
               
                 Royal
                 Sir
              
               ,
               is
               not
               my
               only
               Apology
               for
               this
               Presumption
               ;
               for
               were
               Saavedra
               now
               living
               ,
               he
               might
               see
               his
               Theory
               reduced
               to
               Practice
               by
               the
               best
               of
               Kings
               ,
               in
               the
               best
               of
               Governments
               :
               And
               though
               he
               has
               indeed
               given
               you
               excellent
               Maxims
               ,
               supported
               by
               many
               eminent
               Examples
               ,
               yet
               are
               there
               none
               so
               worthy
               your
               Imitation
               ,
               as
               those
               you
               may
               continually
               observe
               ,
               in
               the
               Conduct
               and
               Bravery
               of
               that
               most
               Excellent
               Prince
               ,
               your
               Heroick
               Vncle
               ;
               the
               whole
               Series
               of
               whose
               Life
               as
               far
               surpasses
               Panegyrick
               ,
               as
               the
               Greatness
               of
               his
               Soul
               abhors
               Flattery
               .
               And
               I
               was
               the
               rather
               induced
               to
               attempt
               this
               unpolished
               Version
               ,
               knowing
               that
               honest
               Plain-dealing
               and
               unbiassed
               Integrity
               ,
               the
               two
               darling
               Mistresses
               of
               our
               Author
               ,
               could
               not
               be
               unacceptable
               in
               a
               Nation
               where
               they
               are
               so
               generally
               beloved
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               Court
               where
               they
               are
               beyond
               
               Precedent
               ,
               more
               peculiarly
               cherished
               and
               maintain'd
               .
            
             
               Your
               
                 Royal
                 Highness
              
               will
               here
               find
               Discourses
               ,
               which
               I
               hope
               will
               not
               only
               be
               divertive
               to
               your
               Youth
               ,
               but
               profitable
               even
               in
               your
               ripest
               Years
               ;
               by
               reviving
               those
               Seeds
               of
               Honour
               and
               Virtue
               ,
               which
               are
               daily
               sown
               by
               the
               pious
               Care
               and
               Example
               of
               Your
               most
               Illustrious
               Parents
               .
               You
               may
               here
               learn
               ,
               not
               only
               the
               Duty
               of
               a
               Prince
               ,
               but
               that
               also
               of
               an
               accomplish'd
               States-Man
               and
               
                 Loyal
                 Subject
              
               :
               And
               if
               ever
               it
               shall
               please
               God
               to
               make
               You
               his
               Vicegerent
               ,
               You
               may
               from
               hence
               (
               next
               to
               the
               Holy
               Scriptures
               )
               learn
               your
               Duty
               to
               him
               also
               ,
               
                 by
                 whom
                 Kings
                 Reign
                 ,
                 and
                 Princes
                 decree
                 Justice
                 .
              
            
             
               In
               fine
               :
               You
               have
               here
               a
               Compleat
               System
               of
               
                 Religious
                 Politicks
              
               ,
               which
               may
               guide
               You
               through
               all
               the
               Labyrinths
               of
               Government
               in
               this
               World
               ,
               and
               crown
               You
               with
               immortality
               in
               that
               to
               come
               .
               But
               ,
               pardon
               me
               ,
               
                 Royal
                 Sir
              
               ,
               I
               presume
               not
               by
               this
               Address
               to
               think
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               nicest
               Stroaks
               of
               our
               Author
               come
               far
               short
               of
               Your
               
               Highness's
               blooming
               Virtue
               ,
               but
               as
               near
               as
               Perfection
               
               can
               be
               copied
               ,
               this
               Work
               has
               a
               Right
               in
               Your
               
                 Royal
                 Highness
              
               ,
               it
               shewing
               not
               so
               much
               what
               You
               should
               be
               ,
               as
               (
               if
               we
               may
               Iudge
               the
               ensuing
               Day
               by
               the
               Glorious
               Morn
               )
               what
               You
               will
               be
               ,
               the
               best
               of
               Princes
               .
            
             
               But
               here
               I
               beg
               leave
               to
               retire
               ,
               having
               already
               waded
               out
               of
               my
               Depth
               ,
               Your
               
               Highness's
               Praises
               being
               a
               Topick
               so
               profound
               ,
               that
               in
               attempting
               them
               ,
               I
               should
               only
               trouble
               the
               Stream
               without
               hopes
               of
               ever
               plumbing
               the
               Bottom
               .
               The
               main
               Motives
               to
               this
               Dedication
               ,
               were
               those
               two
               inherent
               Passions
               of
               Mankind
               ,
               especially
               Writers
               ,
               Interest
               and
               Ambition
               ;
               the
               first
               in
               Regard
               to
               this
               Work
               ,
               which
               has
               need
               of
               no
               less
               a
               Name
               ,
               than
               that
               of
               Your
               
                 Royal
                 Highness
              
               to
               protect
               it
               ;
               the
               last
               in
               respect
               to
               my self
               ,
               having
               none
               greater
               than
               to
               subscribe
               my self
               ,
            
             
               
                 Your
                 Highness
                 '
                 s
                 most
                 Faithful
                 and
                 most
                 Obedient
                 Humble
                 Servant
                 ,
                 I.
                 A.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Author
               to
               the
               Reader
               .
               
            
             
               IN
               the
               toilsome
               Leisure
               of
               my
               continual
               Travels
               over
               Germany
               ,
               and
               several
               other
               Countries
               ,
               I
               compos'd
               these
               Hundred
               Emblems
               ;
               wherein
               you
               have
               an
               Idea
               of
               a
               Royal
               Christian
               Politician
               ,
               penning
               them
               down
               at
               vacant
               Intervals
               .
               These
               I
               had
               meditated
               on
               in
               my
               Journeys
               upon
               the
               Road
               ,
               as
               oft
               as
               that
               continual
               Intercourse
               I
               had
               by
               Letters
               with
               his
               Catholick
               Majesty
               and
               his
               Ministers
               ,
               and
               other
               publick
               Concerns
               incumbent
               on
               me
               ,
               gave
               me
               Time
               and
               Leisure
               .
               By
               Degrees
               the
               Work
               swell'd
               ,
               and
               though
               I
               was
               well
               assured
               ,
               it
               came
               far
               short
               of
               Perfection
               ,
               as
               not
               being
               compil'd
               with
               that
               continual
               Application
               of
               Thought
               ,
               nor
               with
               that
               Accuracy
               and
               Labour
               corrected
               ,
               as
               was
               requisite
               to
               have
               render'd
               it
               agreeable
               in
               all
               its
               Parts
               ,
               and
               an
               abfolutely
               perfect
               Piece
               ;
               and
               that
               it
               
               would
               be
               thought
               Pride
               in
               me
               ,
               to
               presume
               to
               prescribe
               Precepts
               to
               Princes
               1
               :
               However
               ,
               the
               Importunity
               of
               my
               Friends
               (
               who
               have
               ever
               great
               Influence
               over
               me
               )
               prevail'd
               upon
               me
               to
               publish
               it
               ;
               in
               which
               also
               Self-love
               had
               some
               part
               ,
               for
               we
               are
               generally
               as
               fond
               of
               the
               Products
               of
               our
               Brain
               ,
               as
               of
               those
               of
               Nature
               .
               I
               write
               not
               this
               ,
               Reader
               ,
               to
               excuse
               my
               Errors
               ,
               for
               that
               I
               can't
               do
               sufficiently
               ,
               but
               that
               I
               may
               more
               easily
               obtain
               Pardon
               of
               those
               ,
               who
               shall
               consider
               my
               Zeal
               ,
               in
               having
               amidst
               such
               a
               Croud
               of
               Business
               ,
               Fatigues
               ,
               and
               Dangers
               ,
               compil'd
               this
               Book
               ,
               that
               if
               any
               Benefit
               might
               be
               reap●d
               from
               it
               ,
               it
               might
               accrue
               to
               my
               Prince
               and
               Master
               ;
               and
               least
               with
               me
               should
               die
               the
               Experience
               which
               I
               have
               acquir'd
               by
               a
               continued
               Exercise
               in
               Bus●ness
               for
               Four
               and
               thirty
               Years
               ,
               which
               after
               five
               years
               Study
               in
               the
               University
               of
               Salamanca
               ,
               I
               have
               pass'd
               in
               the
               principal
               Courts
               of
               Europe
               ,
               always
               employ'd
               in
               Publick
               Affairs
               ,
               having
               been
               at
               Rome
               at
               the
               Election
               of
               two
               Popes
               ;
               at
               the
               Assembly
               of
               the
               Electoral
               Princes
               at
               Ratisbone
               when
               Ferdinand
               the
               Third
               ,
               the
               present
               most
               August
               Emperor
               ,
               was
               created
               King
               of
               the
               Romans
               ;
               at
               Eight
               Diets
               in
               Switzerland
               ;
               and
               lastly
               at
               the
               Imperial
               Diet
               at
               Ratisbone
               ,
               being
               Plenipotentiary
               for
               the
               most
               Serene
               House
               and
               Circle
               of
               Burgundy
               .
               Wherefore
               ,
               if
               any
               one
               of
               these
               Political
               Counsels
               or
               Precepts
               ,
               shall
               be
               any
               ways
               beneficial
               to
               him
               who
               is
               happpily
               born
               to
               govern
               both
               the
               Old
               and
               New
               World
               ,
               I
               believe
               this
               Attempt
               will
               be
               excus'd
               .
            
             
               Nor
               should
               any
               one
               be
               disgusted
               at
               the
               Use
               of
               Emblems
               ,
               since
               God
               himself
               is
               the
               Author
               of
               them
               .
               The
               Brazen-Serpent
               2
               ,
               The
               Flaming-Bush
               3
               ,
               
               Gideon's
               Fleece
               4
               ,
               
               Sampson's
               Lion
               5
               ,
               The
               Priests
               Garments
               6
               ,
               The
               Amours
               of
               the
               kind
               Spouse
               7
               ,
               What
               are
               they
               else
               but
               Emblems
               ?
            
             
               It
               has
               been
               my
               chiefest
               Endeavour
               to
               have
               the
               Invention
               new
               ;
               whether
               the
               Performance
               be
               answerable
               
               I
               know
               not
               .
               There
               have
               been
               many
               Ingenious
               Men
               ,
               who
               have
               wrote
               upon
               the
               same
               Subject
               ,
               and
               't
               is
               very
               obvious
               for
               different
               Persons
               to
               Jump
               upon
               the
               same
               Thoughts
               ;
               which
               has
               been
               my
               Fortune
               ,
               having
               afterwards
               met
               with
               in
               other
               Authors
               ,
               those
               Emblems
               which
               I
               at
               first
               thought
               my
               own
               Invention
               ,
               which
               I
               therefore
               thought
               fit
               wholly
               to
               omit
               ,
               not
               without
               Prejudice
               to
               my
               Design
               ,
               for
               my
               Predecessors
               have
               made
               use
               of
               several
               Figures
               and
               Motto's
               ,
               which
               has
               oblig'd
               me
               to
               take
               up
               with
               others
               less
               proper
               .
            
             
               Also
               some
               Political
               Precepts
               ,
               which
               though
               my
               own
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               Invention
               at
               least
               ,
               yet
               I
               have
               found
               since
               to
               be
               of
               other
               ,
               and
               far
               more
               ancient
               Authority
               :
               I
               have
               therefore
               Inserted
               the
               Authors
               Names
               in
               the
               Margin
               ,
               that
               due
               Honour
               may
               be
               paid
               to
               Antiquity
               .
               'T
               was
               the
               Happiness
               of
               the
               Wits
               of
               former
               Ages
               ,
               that
               they
               could
               engross
               from
               their
               Posterity
               the
               Glory
               of
               Invention
               .
               I
               have
               made
               it
               my
               Design
               and
               Care
               ,
               to
               Interweave
               this
               Web
               with
               some
               Threads
               of
               
                 Cornelius
                 Tacitus
              
               ,
               without
               doubt
               the
               most
               accomplish'd
               Master
               of
               Princes
               ,
               and
               who
               most
               judiciously
               penetrates
               their
               Nature
               ,
               and
               the
               Customs
               and
               Intrigues
               of
               Courts
               ,
               as
               also
               the
               Miscarriages
               and
               Success
               of
               Governments
               ;
               with
               Precepts
               and
               Sentences
               taken
               from
               this
               Great
               Man
               ,
               as
               with
               my
               Hand
               ,
               I
               lead
               the
               Prince
               whom
               I
               would
               mould
               by
               these
               Emblems
               ,
               that
               he
               may
               without
               danger
               ,
               gather
               Flowers
               transplanted
               hither
               from
               anothers
               Garden
               ,
               and
               purg'd
               from
               the
               Venom
               and
               Thorns
               which
               their
               native
               Soil
               frequently
               subjects
               them
               to
               ,
               or
               the
               rankness
               of
               those
               times
               produc'd
               .
               In
               this
               Second
               Edition
               ,
               I
               also
               illustrate
               the
               principal
               Maxims
               of
               State
               ,
               with
               Proofs
               from
               Holy
               the
               Scriptures
               ;
               for
               those
               Politicks
               which
               are
               refin'd
               in
               that
               Furnace
               ,
               may
               be
               truly
               call'd
               ,
               Silver
               try'd
               and
               refined
               seven
               times
               in
               the
               Fire
               of
               Truth
               8
               .
               And
               who
               would
               learn
               of
               a
               Heathen
               ,
               or
               Impious
               Person
               ,
               when
               the
               Holy
               Spirit
               is
               so
               ready
               to
               give
               Instruction
               ?
            
             
             
               In
               explaining
               the
               Emblems
               ,
               I
               am
               not
               too
               prolix
               ,
               that
               the
               Reader
               may
               not
               lose
               the
               Satisfaction
               of
               discovering
               their
               meaning
               of
               himself
               .
               If
               by
               Chance
               ,
               in
               my
               Discourse
               ,
               I
               sprinkle
               a
               little
               Learning
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               out
               of
               Ostentation
               ,
               but
               to
               enlighten
               the
               Prince's
               Mind
               ,
               and
               render
               the
               Instruction
               more
               agreeable
               .
            
             
               The
               whole
               Work
               consists
               purely
               of
               State
               Maxims
               and
               Rules
               ,
               those
               being
               the
               fittest
               Materials
               for
               such
               a
               Politick
               Building
               ;
               however
               I
               don
               't
               barely
               propose
               them
               ,
               but
               intermix
               them
               with
               the
               whole
               Discourse
               ,
               applying
               them
               all
               along
               to
               particular
               Cases
               ,
               to
               avoid
               the
               Danger
               of
               general
               Precepts
               .
            
             
               It
               has
               been
               also
               my
               Endeavour
               to
               render
               the
               Stile
               polite
               ,
               but
               without
               Affectation
               ;
               short
               too
               and
               concise
               ,
               but
               not
               obscure
               ;
               which
               in
               
               Horace's
               Judgment
               was
               a
               difficult
               Matter
               9
               ,
               and
               of
               which
               I
               have
               not
               yet
               seen
               an
               instance
               in
               the
               Castillian
               Language
               .
               I
               have
               however
               made
               an
               Essay
               towards
               it
               ,
               knowing
               that
               what
               is
               written
               to
               Princes
               should
               be
               neither
               idly
               Sententious
               ,
               nor
               superfluously
               Copious
               .
               Their
               time
               is
               precious
               ,
               and
               he
               does
               not
               a
               little
               obstruct
               the
               Publick
               Interest
               ,
               who
               with
               empty
               and
               frivolous
               Discourse
               diverts
               them
               from
               Affairs
               of
               greater
               Importance
               .
            
             
               I
               don't
               so
               wholly
               confine
               my self
               to
               the
               Institution
               and
               Direction
               of
               Princes
               ,
               but
               that
               I
               also
               descend
               to
               Governments
               ,
               reflect
               upon
               their
               Growth
               ,
               Preservation
               ,
               and
               Fall
               ;
               and
               so
               to
               frame
               a
               Minister
               of
               State
               ,
               and
               a
               prudent
               Courtier
               .
            
             
               If
               at
               any
               time
               I
               am
               liberal
               of
               my
               Commendations
               of
               any
               ,
               't
               is
               to
               excite
               Emulation
               ,
               not
               to
               Flatter
               ,
               to
               which
               I
               am
               very
               averse
               ;
               for
               it
               were
               a
               Crime
               unpardonable
               to
               publish
               to
               the
               whole
               World
               ,
               Flatteries
               ,
               and
               those
               too
               engraven
               in
               Brass
               ,
               or
               to
               make
               my self
               guilty
               of
               the
               very
               same
               thing
               ,
               which
               I
               so
               much
               reprove
               and
               discommend
               in
               others
               .
            
             
               If
               I
               speak
               the
               Truth
               with
               too
               much
               Freedom
               ,
               't
               is
               to
               be
               imputed
               to
               Ambition
               ,
               which
               is
               so
               deeply
               rooted
               in
               Mens
               minds
               ,
               that
               without
               Fire
               and
               Sword
               't
               is
               incurable
               .
               
               The
               Doctrine
               is
               general
               ;
               but
               if
               any
               one
               shall
               from
               ●
               Resemblance
               of
               Vices
               ,
               think
               himself
               levell'd
               at
               ,
               or
               that
               what
               is
               blam'd
               in
               him
               is
               commended
               in
               others
               ,
               't
               is
               not
               my
               Fault
               10
               .
            
             
               As
               also
               when
               I
               reprove
               Princes
               Actions
               ,
               or
               reflect
               upon
               Tyrants
               ,
               or
               only
               on
               the
               Nature
               of
               Sovereignty
               ,
               it
               being
               no
               new
               or
               unusual
               thing
               ,
               for
               a
               good
               Prince
               to
               do
               ill
               ,
               when
               either
               he
               is
               not
               clearly
               inform'd
               of
               the
               Truth
               ,
               or
               governed
               by
               ill
               Counsellors
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               I
               would
               have
               understood
               of
               Common-wealths
               ,
               if
               in
               any
               thing
               I
               seem
               to
               dislike
               them
               ;
               for
               either
               my
               Reflections
               are
               upon
               what
               is
               very
               usual
               in
               Communities
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               comprehend
               not
               those
               crown'd
               and
               well
               constituted
               Republicks
               ,
               whose
               Government
               is
               Generous
               and
               Royal.
               
            
             
               I
               have
               us'd
               Examples
               ,
               both
               Ancient
               and
               Modern
               ;
               those
               for
               their
               Authority
               ,
               these
               partly
               as
               being
               more
               persuasive
               ,
               partly
               too
               ,
               because
               by
               Reason
               of
               Propinquity
               of
               time
               ,
               the
               State
               of
               Affairs
               is
               less
               altered
               ,
               and
               consequently
               may
               with
               less
               Danger
               be
               imitated
               ,
               and
               a
               Prudent
               and
               Politick
               Judgment
               may
               more
               safely
               be
               formed
               thereon
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               principal
               Advantage
               of
               History
               .
               Nor
               is
               our
               Age
               so
               barren
               of
               virtuous
               and
               great
               Atchievements
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               have
               furnish'd
               us
               and
               our
               Posterity
               with
               good
               Examples
               11
               .
               Besides
               ,
               really
               it
               were
               black
               and
               envious
               in
               us
               to
               extol
               ancient
               ,
               without
               the
               least
               regard
               to
               modern
               Actions
               12
               .
            
             
               I
               am
               well
               assur'd
               ,
               Reader
               ,
               that
               Books
               of
               this
               nature
               which
               treat
               of
               State
               Affairs
               ,
               are
               like
               †
               Statues
               ,
               which
               in
               running
               at
               the
               Quintin
               ,
               all
               aim
               at
               with
               their
               Lances
               ,
               all
               strike
               .
               I
               well
               know
               that
               whoever
               designs
               to
               be
               an
               Author
               ,
               must
               submit
               to
               the
               Black
               Ink
               ,
               and
               Press
               of
               Detraction
               ,
               (
               which
               I
               design'd
               to
               signify
               by
               this
               Emblem
               ;
               )
               but
               withal
               I
               am
               not
               ignorant
               ,
               that
               the
               blacker
               that
               Ink
               ,
               with
               which
               the
               Letters
               are
               daub'd
               ,
               and
               the
               closer
               the
               Press
               wherewith
               they
               are
               press
               d
               ,
               the
               fairer
               afterwards
               ,
               and
               more
               conspicuous
               they
               appear
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               TRANSLATOR
               TO
               THE
               READER
               .
            
             
               I
               Will
               not
               endeavour
               with
               Rhetorical
               Flourishes
               to
               captivate
               any
               Person
               into
               a
               good
               Opinion
               of
               my
               Author
               ,
               or
               his
               Work
               ,
               being
               sensible
               I
               should
               therein
               do
               an
               Injury
               to
               his
               Memory
               ,
               who
               has
               so
               often
               declared
               his
               Aversion
               to
               Flattery
               .
               I
               only
               desire
               the
               Reader
               to
               remember
               always
               that
               he
               was
               by
               Birth
               a
               Spaniard
               ,
               and
               though
               Educated
               in
               the
               Church
               of
               Rome
               ,
               was
               by
               Profession
               a
               Lawyer
               and
               Statesman
               ,
               who
               being
               generally
               wiser
               ,
               are
               less
               bigotted
               to
               the
               foolish
               Principles
               and
               Practices
               of
               that
               Religion
               .
               However
               ,
               as
               I
               think
               it
               on
               the
               one
               Hand
               needless
               to
               vindicate
               the
               Illustrious
               House
               of
               Nassau
               from
               his
               partial
               Reflections
               ,
               (
               which
               were
               modish
               in
               the
               Spanish
               Court
               when
               he
               wrote
               1
               )
               the
               whole
               World
               being
               satisfied
               in
               the
               Iustice
               of
               their
               Cause
               ,
               the
               Heroick
               Prosecution
               thereof
               ,
               and
               what
               Additional
               Laurels
               they
               justly
               acquir'd
               thereby
               ;
               so
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               I
               would
               not
               be
               thought
               to
               recommend
               his
               Religion
               either
               to
               Prince
               or
               People
               .
               We
               too
               lately
               escaped
               the
               Snare
               ,
               to
               be
               again
               entangled
               with
               the
               Knaveries
               or
               Fooleries
               ,
               to
               say
               no
               worse
               ,
               of
               the
               Church
               or
               Court
               of
               Rome
               ;
               and
               next
               under
               God
               must
               own
               our
               sole
               Deliverance
               to
               a
               Branch
               of
               that
               Ancient
               and
               Imperial
               Family
               ,
               our
               present
               Gracious
               Sovereign
               .
            
             
             
               These
               Precautions
               being
               observed
               ,
               I
               humbly
               presume
               this
               Book
               will
               be
               of
               excellent
               Use
               to
               all
               Ingenuous
               Persons
               of
               what
               Degree
               or
               Quality
               soever
               .
               For
               though
               by
               the
               Title
               it
               seems
               calculated
               for
               the
               Meridian
               of
               Kings
               and
               Princes
               only
               ,
               yet
               it
               in
               some
               measure
               comprehends
               all
               Persons
               within
               the
               Circumference
               of
               their
               Dominions
               .
            
             
               The
               Statesman
               and
               Politician
               may
               herein
               learn
               what
               Qualifications
               they
               ought
               to
               be
               endowed
               with
               for
               Negotiations
               ,
               either
               at
               Home
               ,
               or
               in
               Foreign
               Courts
               ;
               how
               by
               avoiding
               the
               Vices
               usually
               attending
               their
               High
               Stations
               ,
               and
               embracing
               the
               contrary
               Virtues
               ,
               they
               may
               render
               their
               Actions
               meritorious
               to
               their
               Prince
               or
               Country
               .
            
             
               The
               Officers
               and
               Soldiers
               of
               an
               Army
               may
               here
               without
               Danger
               behold
               the
               Methods
               and
               Stratagems
               their
               Predecessors
               have
               used
               to
               Conquer
               their
               Enemies
               ,
               and
               learn
               that
               their
               greatest
               Interest
               consists
               in
               good
               Order
               and
               Discipline
               ,
               and
               absolute
               Obedience
               to
               their
               Superiors
               ,
               that
               Vice
               is
               as
               pernicious
               in
               a
               Camp
               as
               a
               Court
               ,
               and
               that
               Bravery
               and
               Virtue
               in
               Conjunction
               merit
               the
               greatest
               Reward
               and
               Affection
               from
               their
               Prince
               or
               Country
               .
            
             
               The
               Merchants
               and
               Seamen
               may
               here
               behold
               the
               vast
               Advantage
               ,
               their
               Profession
               is
               to
               a
               Government
               ,
               and
               how
               Ships
               are
               the
               Moveable
               Poles
               ,
               on
               which
               the
               Stability
               thereof
               depends
               .
            
             
               In
               fine
               ,
               all
               Persons
               of
               Learning
               ,
               Sense
               ,
               or
               Reason
               ,
               may
               from
               many
               excellent
               Precepts
               and
               eminent
               Examples
               contain'd
               therein
               ,
               improve
               and
               refine
               their
               Talents
               to
               the
               greatest
               Advantage
               imaginable
               ,
               remembring
               always
               my
               previous
               Caution
               to
               avoid
               some
               few
               mistaken
               Aphorisms
               of
               his
               Religion
               and
               Country
               .
            
             
               Our
               Celebrated
               Author
               ,
               
                 Don
                 Diego
                 Saavedra
                 Faxardo
              
               ,
               Knight
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               St.
               Jago
               ,
               was
               Born
               of
               a
               Noble
               Family
               of
               Murcia
               in
               Spain
               .
               He
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 Peter
                 de
                 Saavedra
              
               and
               
                 Fabiana
                 Faxardo
              
               ,
               who
               was
               also
               of
               Noble
               Extraction
               .
               He
               was
               Educated
               in
               the
               University
               of
               Salamanca
               ,
               in
               the
               Profession
               of
               the
               Laws
               ,
               wherein
               he
               became
               very
               Eminent
               ,
               especially
               in
               those
               Parts
               thereof
               which
               are
               requisite
               for
               the
               Accomplishment
               of
               an
               Absolute
               Politician
               and
               Compleat
               Statesman
               .
               From
               thence
               he
               was
               chosen
               Secretary
               to
               Cardinal
               
               
                 Gaspar
                 Borgia
              
               ,
               Vice-Roy
               of
               Naples
               ,
               and
               soon
               after
               Resident
               for
               his
               Catholick
               Majesty
               at
               Rome
               ;
               where
               his
               Conduct
               gain'd
               him
               so
               great
               Applause
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               sent
               on
               the
               same
               Imploy
               into
               Switzerland
               :
               After
               that
               ,
               he
               was
               Plenipotentiary-Ambassador
               at
               two
               Imperial
               Diets
               at
               Ratisbone
               ;
               and
               then
               commanded
               to
               assist
               
                 Don
                 Gaspar
                 de
                 Bracamont
              
               ,
               Count
               
                 de
                 Pennecranda
              
               ,
               at
               the
               famous
               Treaty
               of
               Munster
               ,
               where
               he
               gave
               signal
               Demonstration
               of
               his
               great
               Experience
               and
               Dexterity
               in
               the
               Management
               of
               the
               most
               difficult
               Affairs
               of
               State.
               At
               his
               Return
               he
               sate
               in
               the
               Supreme
               Council
               for
               the
               Government
               of
               both
               the
               Indies
               ;
               in
               which
               Imploy
               he
               died
               at
               Madrid
               in
               the
               Year
               1648.
               
               All
               that
               I
               know
               more
               of
               him
               ,
               you
               may
               find
               in
               his
               own
               Preface
               ,
               to
               which
               ,
               for
               brevity
               sake
               I
               refer
               you
               2
               .
            
             
               The
               greatness
               of
               his
               Personal
               Character
               and
               Reputation
               ,
               and
               of
               this
               Book
               in
               particular
               ,
               are
               too
               well-establish'd
               in
               the
               World
               to
               require
               any
               Panegyricks
               on
               either
               ;
               but
               if
               the
               Reader
               desire
               to
               see
               how
               this
               Work
               was
               admired
               by
               some
               of
               the
               most
               Learned
               of
               the
               Age
               ,
               let
               him
               read
               the
               Epistles
               prefix'd
               to
               the
               Latin
               Version
               thereof
               .
               His
               Religious
               Temper
               more
               particularly
               appears
               in
               the
               great
               Veneration
               he
               always
               shews
               for
               the
               Holy
               Scripture
               ,
               and
               his
               apt
               Application
               thereof
               ;
               and
               his
               Politicks
               no
               less
               by
               being
               so
               well
               read
               in
               Tacitus
               ,
               the
               Great
               Master
               thereof
               .
               Were
               that
               Excellent
               Roman
               now
               living
               ,
               he
               could
               not
               but
               be
               pleased
               ,
               to
               see
               the
               Roughness
               and
               Crabbedness
               of
               his
               Stile
               so
               finely
               polish'd
               ,
               without
               Diminution
               to
               the
               profoundness
               of
               his
               Sense
               and
               Iudgment
               ,
               in
               our
               English
               Version
               ;
               though
               in
               the
               Annotations
               thereof
               ,
               he
               would
               find
               himself
               Rivald
               ,
               if
               not
               excell'd
               by
               a
               Modern
               Politician
               .
               But
               there
               is
               no
               greater
               Argument
               to
               prove
               the
               general
               Approbation
               and
               kind
               Reception
               thereof
               ,
               than
               the
               various
               Editions
               in
               several
               Languages
               ,
               besides
               the
               Original
               ,
               as
               
                 Latin
                 ,
                 French
                 ,
                 Italian
                 ,
                 Portugese
                 ,
              
               and
               High-German
               .
               To
               enumerate
               the
               particuler
               Times
               and
               Places
               of
               each
               Impression
               would
               be
               superfluous
               ,
               were
               they
               all
               known
               to
               us
               .
               Let
               it
               suffice
               to
               inform
               you
               ,
               that
               
               the
               Impression
               of
               the
               Original
               we
               chiefly
               made
               use
               of
               in
               this
               Version
               ,
               is
               the
               Fourth
               Edition
               ,
               Printed
               at
               Valencia
               ,
               1660.
               as
               being
               the
               most
               Correct
               we
               could
               meet
               with
               .
               He
               wrote
               also
               a
               Book
               ,
               Entituled
               ,
               
                 Corona
                 Gothica
                 ,
                 Castellanice
                 ,
                 &
                 Austriaca
                 Politicamente
                 Illustrada
                 ,
              
               Printed
               at
               Madrid
               ,
               1650.
               though
               ,
               as
               some
               say
               ,
               be
               died
               before
               he
               had
               compleated
               it
               .
            
             
               And
               here
               I
               cannot
               but
               observs
               how
               disingenuous
               (
               to
               say
               no
               worse
               )
               the
               Italian
               and
               French
               Translators
               ,
               or
               rather
               Corruptors
               ,
               of
               our
               Author
               have
               been
               ,
               especially
               the
               last
               ,
               who
               not
               content
               only
               to
               omit
               whole
               Pages
               and
               Sections
               ,
               very
               material
               to
               the
               Purpose
               ,
               have
               foisted
               in
               their
               own
               fulsome
               Flatteries
               instead
               thereof
               ,
               basely
               perverting
               his
               very
               Sense
               and
               Meaning
               ,
               to
               comply
               with
               the
               Interest
               and
               Ambition
               of
               particular
               Persons
               or
               Governments
               .
               So
               dangerous
               a
               Thing
               is
               Truth
               it
               s
               some
               Nations
               .
               But
               we
               have
               those
               rather
               to
               draw
               the
               Copy
               after
               the
               full
               Proportion
               of
               the
               Original
               ,
               being
               satisfied
               we
               have
               the
               Happiness
               to
               live
               in
               so
               well
               Constituted
               a
               Government
               ,
               and
               under
               so
               Excellent
               a
               King
               ,
               that
               Truth
               and
               Integrity
               are
               now
               become
               the
               great
               Accomplishments
               of
               a
               Courtier
               .
            
             
               Our
               Aut●or
               taking
               occasion
               so
               often
               to
               mention
               Alphonsus
               the
               Wise
               ,
               I
               presume
               it
               will
               not
               be
               thought
               unnecessary
               ,
               or
               be
               unacceptable
               to
               some
               Readers
               ,
               to
               give
               a
               short
               Account
               of
               him
               .
               ●He
               was
               the
               Tenth
               of
               that
               Name
               ,
               King
               of
               Leon
               and
               Castile
               ,
               and
               was
               also
               Sirnamed
               the
               Astrologer
               ,
               and
               succeeded
               his
               Father
               ,
               Ferdinand
               the
               Third
               ,
               1252.
               
               He
               made
               the
               Astronomical
               Tables
               ,
               still
               Extant
               ,
               which
               are
               called
               from
               his
               Name
               ,
               
                 Tabulae
                 Alphonsinae
              
               ;
               and
               't
               is
               certainly
               affirm'd
               ,
               That
               he
               spent
               400000
               Crow●s
               in
               the
               Composition
               of
               them
               .
               He
               refused
               the
               Imperial
               Crown
               of
               Germany
               ,
               which
               was
               offered
               him
               after
               the
               Rejection
               of
               Richard
               ,
               Duke
               of
               Cornwall
               ,
               contenting
               himself
               only
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Emperor
               ,
               which
               some
               say
               he
               resigned
               to
               Pope
               Gregory
               the
               Tenth
               ,
               whereof
               he
               repented
               ,
               and
               would
               have
               reassumed
               the
               Imperial
               Title
               and
               Arms
               ;
               but
               was
               deterred
               for
               fear
               of
               an
               Excommunication
               against
               him
               .
               He
               was
               successful
               against
               the
               Moors
               ;
               but
               at
               length
               dethron'd
               by
               his
               own
               Son
               Sancho
               ,
               and
               died
               for
               Grief
               in
               Anno
               1284.
               
               In
               a
               great
               Sickness
               ,
               after
               many
               
               Remedies
               used
               in
               vain
               ,
               he
               began
               to
               read
               Quint.
               Curtius's
               History
               of
               Alexander
               the
               Great
               ,
               which
               he
               did
               with
               so
               much
               Delight
               ,
               that
               he
               recovered
               his
               Health
               ;
               whereupon
               he
               said
               ,
               Farewell
               Avieen
               ,
               Hippocrates
               ,
               
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Croud
                 of
              
               Doctors
               ,
               
                 give
                 me
                 my
              
               Curtius
               
                 that
                 hath
                 saved
                 my
                 Life
              
               .
               He
               had
               read
               the
               Bible
               fourteen
               Times
               ,
               with
               several
               Commentaries
               upon
               it
               ;
               he
               was
               a
               great
               Astrologer
               ,
               and
               after
               he
               had
               deeply
               considered
               the
               Fabrick
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               the
               following
               saying
               of
               his
               ,
               reported
               by
               Lipsius
               ,
               denotes
               him
               to
               have
               been
               none
               of
               the
               most
               Pious
               ;
               viz.
               
                 That
                 if
                 God
                 had
                 advised
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Creation
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 have
                 given
                 him
                 good
                 Counsel●
              
               3
               .
            
             
               By
               the
               Great
               Captain
               ,
               often
               also
               mentioned
               ,
               is
               meant
               Gonzales
               of
               Cordova
               ,
               who
               served
               under
               Ferdinand
               and
               Isabella
               ,
               in
               the
               Conquest
               of
               Granada
               ,
               and
               was
               very
               famous
               in
               his
               Time.
               
            
             
               It
               may
               perhaps
               ,
               according
               to
               Custom
               ,
               be
               expected
               we
               should
               give
               some
               Account
               of
               the
               present
               Performance
               ;
               but
               that
               indeed
               is
               a
               very
               ticklish
               Point
               ;
               for
               to
               Commend
               ,
               or
               even
               Iustify
               it
               would
               favour
               of
               Vanity
               ;
               and
               to
               discover
               its
               Imperfections
               ,
               would
               be
               very
               disobliging
               to
               our
               Friends
               ,
               the
               Booksellers
               .
               I
               shall
               therefore
               in
               the
               Words
               of
               an
               Ingenuous
               and
               Iudicious
               Author
               4
               ,
               desire
               you
               to
               consider
               ,
               That
               there
               are
               certain
               Graces
               and
               Happinesses
               ,
               peculiar
               to
               every
               Language
               which
               give
               Life
               and
               Energy
               to
               the
               Words
               .
               And
               whosoever
               offers
               at
               a
               Verbal
               Translation
               ,
               shall
               have
               the
               Misfortune
               of
               that
               Young
               Traveller
               ,
               who
               lost
               his
               own
               Language
               abroad
               ,
               and
               brought
               home
               no
               other
               instead
               thereof
               .
               For
               the
               Grace
               of
               the
               Spanish
               will
               be
               lost
               by
               being
               turned
               into
               English
               Words
               ;
               and
               the
               Grace
               of
               the
               English
               by
               being
               turned
               into
               Spanish
               Phrase
               .
               However
               we
               have
               endeavoured
               to
               come
               as
               near
               the
               Sense
               of
               the
               Original
               ,
               as
               we
               could
               ,
               without
               offering
               to
               be
               
                 Fidi
                 Interpretes
              
               ,
               that
               properly
               belonging
               to
               those
               who
               Translate
               Matters
               of
               Faith
               ,
               or
               such
               Facts
               of
               Moment
               as
               have
               Relation
               thereunto
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Reader
               is
               desired
               to
               take
               notice
               that
               our
               Author
               ,
               a
               all
               others
               of
               his
               Religion
               ,
               makes
               use
               of
               the
               Vulgar
               Translation
               in
               his
               Quotations
               out
               of
               the
               Holy
               Scripture
               ,
               which
               in
               many
               Places
               is
               so
               different
               from
               the
               English
               Version
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               not
               applicable
               to
               the
               Purpose
               for
               which
               he
               Quotes
               them
               .
               For
               Instance
               the
               Seventy
               eighth
               Emblem
               is
               a
               Syren
               or
               Mermaid
               ,
               and
               the
               Motto
               ,
               
                 Formosa
                 Superne
              
               .
               In
               the
               beginning
               thereof
               ,
               he
               quotes
               Isaiah
               13.
               22.
               
               
                 Et
                 Sirenes
                 in
                 delubris
                 voluptatis
              
               ,
               which
               we
               Translate
               ,
               
                 and
                 Dragons
                 in
                 their
                 pleasant
                 Places
                 .
              
               How
               beautiful
               they
               are
               ,
               unless
               we
               do
               them
               wrong
               ,
               I
               leave
               you
               to
               judge
               .
               The
               Fifty
               fifth
               Emblem
               ,
               is
               a
               Hand
               holding
               a
               Scepter
               full
               of
               Eyes
               ;
               the
               Motto
               ,
               
                 His
                 Praevide
                 &
                 Provide
              
               .
               He
               there
               quotes
               Jeremiah
               1.
               11.
               where
               the
               Vulgar
               has
               
                 Virgam
                 vigilantem
                 ego
                 video
              
               ;
               the
               
                 English
                 ,
                 I
                 see
                 the
                 Rod
                 of
                 an
                 Almond
                 Tree
              
               ;
               which
               literally
               taken
               ,
               is
               little
               to
               his
               Purpose
               ,
               and
               therefore
               we
               leave
               it
               in
               the
               Sense
               he
               took
               it
               .
               The
               Word
               in
               the
               Hebrew
               ,
               is
               Saked
               ,
               for
               an
               Almond
               Tree
               ,
               and
               Verse
               the
               12th
               ,
               
                 Then
                 said
                 the
                 Lord
                 unto
                 me
                 ,
                 thou
                 hast
                 well
                 seen
                 ,
                 for
                 I
                 will
                 hasten
                 my
                 Word
                 to
                 perform
                 it
                 .
              
               The
               Almond
               Tree
               is
               there
               mentioned
               as
               an
               Emblem
               of
               Hast
               ;
               the
               word
               Saked
               ,
               an
               Almond
               Tree
               ,
               alluding
               to
               Sakad
               ,
               a
               Word
               which
               signifies
               making
               Haste
               .
               Nor
               is
               the
               Allusion
               frivolous
               ,
               for
               Pliny
               says
               ,
               
                 Floret
                 omnium
                 prima
                 Amygdala
                 ,
                 mense
                 Januario
                 ,
                 Martio
                 veró
                 Poma
                 maturat
                 .
              
               Lib.
               16.
               c.
               25.
               5
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               if
               any
               Person
               thinks
               himself
               represented
               herein
               ,
               and
               likes
               not
               his
               Picture
               ,
               let
               him
               consider
               he
               sate
               not
               for
               it
               ,
               and
               if
               he
               finds
               any
               Strokes
               too
               Bold
               ,
               let
               him
               not
               blame
               the
               Artist
               ,
               but
               amend
               the
               Original
               .
               As
               for
               that
               little
               Popery
               that
               is
               in
               it
               ,
               it
               has
               been
               so
               solidly
               confuted
               by
               many
               Eminent
               Divines
               of
               the
               Church
               of
               England
               ,
               and
               so
               ridicul'd
               by
               others
               ,
               that
               I
               presume
               ,
               it
               cannot
               have
               the
               least
               Influence
               on
               the
               meanest
               Protestant
               of
               the
               Nation
               .
               In
               Answer
               to
               what
               he
               reflects
               on
               some
               of
               his
               Majesty's
               Heroick
               Ancestors
               ,
               (
               if
               it
               may
               not
               rather
               be
               called
               an
               Encomium
               )
               I
               refer
               the
               Reader
               to
               that
               most
               Excellent
               and
               Unanswerable
               Apology
               ,
               
               wrote
               by
               the
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               himself
               ,
               and
               published
               in
               all
               Languages
               .
               And
               for
               a
               Conclusion
               ,
               accept
               of
               the
               following
               Epigram
               ,
               by
               an
               unknown
               Hand
               ,
               representing
               that
               Illustrious
               Prince
               ,
               as
               Prophetically
               ,
               speaking
               to
               William
               the
               Third
               ,
               our
               present
               Gracious
               Sovereign
               .
            
             
               
                 Nassovius
                 Coeli
                 miratus
                 ab
                 Arce
                 Nepotem
              
               
                 Ad
                 Summum
                 tantis
                 passious
                 ire
                 Decus
                 ;
              
               
                 Macte
                 ,
                 inquit
                 ,
                 sanguis
                 noster
                 ;
                 tibi
                 cedimus
                 ultro
                 ,
              
               
                 Quandoquidem
                 cedunt
                 Terra
                 Fretumque
                 tibi
                 .
              
               
                 Me
                 Duce
                 parta
                 meis
                 Libertas
                 pristina
                 Belgis
                 ,
              
               
                 Orbis
                 Hyperbore●s
                 ,
                 te
                 Duce
                 ,
                 liber
                 erit
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 In
                 English.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 Nassau
                 from
                 the
                 Skies
                 beheld
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
              
               
                 With
                 such
                 large
                 Steps
                 the
                 Race
                 of
                 honour
                 Run
                 ;
              
               
                 Proceed
                 ,
                 my
                 Boy
                 ,
                 proceed
                 with
                 joy
                 ,
                 said
                 He
                 ;
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 ,
                 since
                 Earth
                 and
                 Sea
                 submit
                 to
                 thee
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 only
                 to
                 my
                 Country
                 freedom
                 gave
                 ,
              
               
                 You
                 will
                 the
                 Northern
                 World
                 from
                 Bondage
                 save
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               CONTENTS
               and
               ORDER
               OF
               THE
               Emblems
               of
               the
               First
               Part.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   The
                   Education
                   of
                   a
                   Prince
                   .
                
                 
                   
                      
                  
                   
                     Emb.
                     
                  
                   
                     Page
                  
                
                 
                   
                     VALOUR
                     exerts
                     its
                     self
                     even
                     in
                     the
                     Cradle
                     .
                  
                   
                     I.
                     HINC
                     Labor
                     ,
                     &
                     Virtus
                     ,
                  
                   
                     1
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     then
                     Art
                     draws
                     its
                     Drafts
                     as
                     on
                     blank
                     Canvass
                     .
                  
                   
                     II.
                     Ad
                     omnia
                     ,
                  
                   
                     9
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Fortifying
                     and
                     adorning
                     the
                     Body
                     with
                     honourable
                     Exercises
                     .
                  
                   
                     III.
                     Robur
                     &
                     Decus
                     ,
                  
                   
                     19
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     the
                     Mind
                     with
                     Liberal
                     Sciences
                     .
                  
                   
                     IV.
                     Non
                     solum
                     Armis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     26
                  
                
                 
                   
                     In●till'd
                     with
                     pleasant
                     Industry
                  
                   
                     V.
                     Cum
                     Delectatione
                     informat
                     ,
                  
                   
                     34
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     Adorn'd
                     with
                     polite
                     Learning
                     .
                  
                   
                     VI.
                     Politioribus
                     ornantur
                     literae
                     ,
                  
                   
                     38
                  
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     a
                     Prince
                     ought
                     to
                     regulate
                     his
                     Actions
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     LET
                     him
                     know
                     things
                     as
                     they
                     are
                     in
                     themselves
                     not
                     as
                     represented
                     by
                     the
                     Passions
                     .
                  
                   
                     VII
                     .
                     AUGET
                     &
                     Minuit
                     ,
                  
                   
                     44
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     his
                     Anger
                     submit
                     to
                     Reason
                     .
                  
                   
                     VIII
                     .
                     Prae
                     oculis
                     ira
                     ,
                  
                   
                     54
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     not
                     be
                     mov'd
                     by
                     Envy
                     which
                     is
                     its
                     own
                     Executioner
                     .
                  
                   
                     IX
                     .
                     Sui
                     Vindex
                     ,
                  
                   
                     63
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     proceeds
                     from
                     Glory
                     and
                     Fame
                     .
                  
                   
                     X.
                     Fama
                     nocet
                     ,
                  
                   
                     73
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     a
                     Prince
                     be
                     cautious
                     in
                     his
                     Discourse
                     ,
                     for
                     from
                     thence
                     his
                     Mind
                     is
                     known
                     .
                  
                   
                     XI
                     .
                     Ex
                     pulsu
                     noscitur
                     ,
                  
                   
                     80
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     shadow
                     Lyes
                     with
                     Truth
                     .
                  
                   
                     XII
                     .
                     Excoecat
                     candor
                     ,
                  
                   
                     87
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     be
                     assured
                     that
                     his
                     Defects
                     will
                     be
                     the
                     Subject
                     of
                     Obliquy
                     .
                  
                   
                     XIII
                     .
                     Censurae
                     pater
                     ,
                  
                   
                     94
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Which
                     both
                     reproves
                     and
                     am●nds
                     him
                     .
                  
                   
                     XIV
                     .
                     Detra●it
                     &
                     decorat
                     ,
                  
                   
                     102
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     value
                     Reputation
                     beyond
                     Life
                     ,
                  
                   
                     XV.
                     D●m
                     I●ceam
                     peream
                     ,
                  
                   
                     110
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Comparing
                     his
                     own
                     Actions
                     with
                     those
                     of
                     his
                     Ancestors
                     .
                  
                   
                     XVI
                     .
                     Purpura
                     juxta
                     purpuram
                     ,
                  
                   
                     116
                  
                
                 
                   
                     But
                     not
                     rest
                     satisfied
                     with
                     the
                     Trophies
                     and
                     Glories
                     deriv'd
                     from
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     XVII
                     .
                     Alienis
                     spoliis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     119
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     own
                     his
                     Scepter
                     from
                     God.
                     
                  
                   
                     XVIII
                     .
                     A
                     Deo
                     ,
                  
                   
                     12●
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     that
                     he
                     must
                     resign
                     it
                     to
                     his
                     Successor
                     .
                  
                   
                     XIX
                     .
                     Viciss●m
                     traditu●
                     ,
                  
                   
                     132
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Knowing
                     that
                     a
                     Crown
                     is
                     but
                     a
                     deceit●ul
                     Good.
                     
                  
                   
                     XX.
                     Fallax
                     bonum
                     ,
                  
                   
                     142
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     Rus●
                     and
                     Correct
                     By
                     Laws
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXI
                     .
                     Regit
                     &
                     corrigit
                     .
                  
                   
                     14●
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                     And
                     establish
                     his
                     Majesty
                     with
                     Iustice
                     and
                     Clemency
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXII
                     .
                     Praesidia
                     Majestatis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     161
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     Reward
                     be
                     the
                     Price
                     of
                     Valour
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXIII
                     .
                     Preti●m
                     Virtutis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     170
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     always
                     have
                     Respect
                     to
                     the
                     true
                     Religion
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXIV
                     .
                     Immobilis
                     ad
                     immobile
                     numen
                     ,
                  
                   
                     178
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     place
                     in
                     that
                     ,
                     the
                     Stability
                     and
                     Security
                     of
                     his
                     Empire
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXV
                     .
                     Hic
                     tutior
                     ,
                  
                   
                     184
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     Hopes
                     of
                     Victory
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXVI
                     .
                     In
                     hoc
                     Signo
                     ,
                  
                   
                     189
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Not
                     in
                     the
                     false
                     and
                     Counterfeit
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXVII
                     .
                     Specie
                     Religionis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     195
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     consult
                     times
                     present
                     ,
                     past
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     come
                     ,
                  
                   
                     XXVIII
                     .
                     Quae
                     sint
                     ,
                     quae
                     fuerint
                     ,
                     quae
                     mox
                     ventura
                     sequantur
                     ,
                  
                   
                     202
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     not
                     particular
                     Cases
                     which
                     rarely
                     succeed●
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXIX
                     .
                     Non
                     semper
                     Tripodem
                     ,
                  
                   
                     209
                  
                
                 
                   
                     But
                     by
                     the
                     Experience
                     of
                     many
                     who
                     establish
                     Wisdom
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXX
                     .
                     Fulcitur
                     experientiis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     214
                  
                
                 
                   
                     This
                     will
                     teach
                     him
                     to
                     maintain
                     his
                     Crown
                     with
                     Reputation
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXXI
                     .
                     Existimatione
                     nixa
                     ,
                  
                   
                     225
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Not
                     to
                     depend
                     on
                     popular
                     Opinion
                     ;
                  
                   
                     XXXII
                     .
                     Ne
                     requaesiveris
                     extra
                     ,
                  
                   
                     234
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Nor
                     be
                     discompos'd
                     at
                     Change
                     of
                     Fortune
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXXIII
                     .
                     Semper
                     Idem
                     ,
                  
                   
                     240
                  
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     Endure
                     and
                     Hope
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXXIV
                     .
                     Ferend●
                     &
                     sperand●
                     ,
                  
                   
                     250
                  
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     draw
                     Felicity
                     from
                     Adversity
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXXV
                     .
                     Interclusa
                     respirat
                     ,
                  
                   
                     255
                  
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     Sai●
                     with
                     every
                     Wind.
                     
                  
                   
                     XXXVI
                     .
                     In
                     contraria
                     ducet
                     ,
                  
                   
                     259
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     two
                     Evils
                     to
                     ●huse
                     the
                     Least
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXXVII
                     .
                     Minimum
                     eligendum
                     ,
                  
                   
                     266
                  
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     a
                     Prince
                     ought
                     to
                     behave
                     himself
                     towards
                     his
                     Subjects
                     and
                     Strangers
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     LET
                     him
                     make
                     himself
                     belov'd
                     and
                     fear'd
                     by
                     all
                     Men
                     ,
                  
                   
                     XXXVIII
                     .
                     CUM
                     Blandimento
                     &
                     rigore
                     ,
                  
                   
                     273
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Being
                     the
                     Altar
                     to
                     which
                     they
                     flee
                     for
                     Succour
                     .
                  
                   
                     XXXIX
                     .
                     Omnibus
                     ,
                  
                   
                     279
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     his
                     Ability
                     be
                     the
                     Measure
                     of
                     his
                     Liberality
                  
                   
                     XL.
                     Quae
                     tribuunt
                     tribuit
                     ,
                  
                   
                     286
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     avoid
                     Extreams
                     ,
                  
                   
                     XLI
                     Ne
                     quid
                     nimis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     291
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Mixing
                     Pleasure
                     with
                     Profit
                     .
                  
                   
                     XLII
                     .
                     Omne
                     ●ulit
                     punctum
                     ,
                  
                   
                     299
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     he
                     may
                     know
                     how
                     to
                     reign
                     ,
                     let
                     him
                     learn
                     to
                     diss●mble
                     ,
                  
                   
                     XLIII
                     .
                     Ut
                     sciat
                     regnare
                     ,
                  
                   
                     303
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     not
                     discover
                     his
                     Designs
                     ,
                  
                   
                     XLIV
                     .
                     Nec
                     à
                     quo
                     ,
                     nec
                     ad
                     quem
                     ,
                  
                   
                     310
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Nor
                     rely
                     too
                     much
                     on
                     his
                     Majesty
                     .
                  
                   
                     XLV
                     .
                     Non
                     Majestate
                     securus
                     ,
                  
                   
                     316
                  
                
                 
                   
                     But
                     think
                     always
                     he
                     may
                     be
                     deceiv'd
                     ,
                  
                   
                     XLVI
                     .
                     Fallimur
                     opinione
                     ,
                  
                   
                     319
                  
                
                 
                   
                     By
                     the
                     specious
                     Pretenders
                     to
                     Vertue
                     ,
                  
                   
                     XLVII
                     .
                     Et
                     juvisse
                     nocet
                     ,
                  
                   
                     329
                  
                
                 
                   
                     No
                     less
                     than
                     Flatterers
                     .
                  
                   
                     XLVIII
                     .
                     Sub
                     luce
                     lues
                     ,
                  
                   
                     337
                  
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     a
                     Prince
                     ought
                     to
                     behave
                     himself
                     towards
                     his
                     Ministers
                     of
                     State.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     LET
                     their
                     Authority
                     be
                     only
                     dependent
                     .
                  
                   
                     XLIX
                     .
                     LUMINE
                     Solis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     349
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     they
                     may
                     be
                     always
                     subject
                     to
                     his
                     D●sple●sure
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     Favour
                     .
                  
                   
                     L.
                     Jovi
                     &
                     Fulmini
                     .
                  
                   
                     3●6
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                     LET
                     his
                     Confidence
                     be
                     always
                     Vigilant
                     .
                  
                   
                     LI.
                     ●IDE
                     &
                     Diffide
                     ,
                  
                   
                     ●●
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     Evil
                     Ministers
                     are
                     most
                     dangerous
                     in
                     the
                     highest
                     Posts
                     .
                  
                   
                     LII
                     .
                     Magis
                     quam
                     in
                     terra
                     noc●●s
                     ,
                  
                   
                     10
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Herein
                     they
                     exercise
                     their
                     Ava●ice
                     ;
                  
                   
                     LIII
                     .
                     Custodiunt
                     non
                     carpunt
                     ,
                  
                   
                     18
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     desire
                     rather
                     to
                     depend
                     o●
                     themselves
                     than
                     the
                     Prince
                     .
                  
                   
                     LIV.
                     A
                     se
                     pendet
                     ,
                  
                   
                     23
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Counsellors
                     are
                     the
                     Eyes
                     of
                     the
                     Sc●pter
                     ,
                  
                   
                     LV.
                     His
                     praevide
                     &
                     provide
                     ,
                  
                   
                     29
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Secretaries
                     are
                     the
                     Compass
                     .
                  
                   
                     LVI
                     .
                     Qui
                     à
                     secretis
                     ab
                     omnibus
                     ,
                  
                   
                     4●
                  
                
                 
                   
                     They
                     are
                     both
                     Wheels
                     in
                     the
                     Clock
                     of
                     Government
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     the
                     Hand
                     .
                  
                   
                     LVII
                     .
                     Uni
                     reddatur
                     ,
                  
                   
                     49
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Then
                     let
                     him
                     give
                     them
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Honour
                     without
                     Prejudice
                     to
                     his
                     own
                     .
                  
                   
                     LVIII
                     .
                     Sine
                     detrimento
                     lucis
                     si●●
                     ,
                  
                   
                     57
                  
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     a
                     Prince
                     ought
                     to
                     behave
                     himself
                     in
                     the
                     Government
                     of
                     his
                     States
                     and
                     Ki●gdoms
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     COunsel
                     and
                     Strangth
                     are
                     necessary
                     to
                     preserve-them
                     .
                  
                   
                     LIX
                     .
                     CUM
                     Arte
                     &
                     cum
                     manu
                     ,
                  
                   
                     65
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     let
                     him
                     be
                     assured
                     ,
                     that
                     if
                     they
                     increase
                     not
                     they
                     will
                     diminish
                     .
                  
                   
                     LX.
                     Vel
                     ascendit
                     vel
                     descendit
                     ,
                  
                   
                     84
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     know
                     well
                     all
                     the
                     Strings
                     of
                     his
                     Government
                     ,
                     and
                     take
                     Care
                     that
                     the
                     greater
                     Strings
                     agree
                     with
                     the
                     less
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXI
                     .
                     M●jora
                     minoribus
                     consonant
                     ,
                  
                   
                     94
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Without
                     discovering
                     the
                     Artifice
                     of
                     their
                     Harmony
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXII
                     .
                     Nulli
                     patet
                     ,
                  
                   
                     100
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     consider
                     the
                     Beginning
                     ,
                     and
                     End
                     of
                     his
                     Resolutions
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXIII
                     .
                     Consule
                     utrique
                     ,
                  
                   
                     107
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     be
                     slow
                     in
                     Consultation
                     ,
                     and
                     quick
                     in
                     Execution
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXIV
                     .
                     Statu●
                     &
                     exequere
                     ,
                  
                   
                     112
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     correct
                     Errours
                     before
                     they
                     multiply
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXV
                     .
                     Ex
                     uno
                     error●
                     multi
                     ,
                  
                   
                     116
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     see
                     that
                     his
                     Countrey
                     be
                     well
                     Peopled
                     ,
                     and
                     breed
                     up
                     Subjects
                     fi●
                     for
                     the
                     Magistracy
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXVI
                     .
                     Ex
                     fascibus
                     fasces
                     ,
                  
                   
                     121
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     not
                     over-burthen
                     them
                     with
                     Taxes
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXVII
                     .
                     Amputat
                     non
                     excindit
                     ,
                  
                   
                     132
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     encourage
                     Trade
                     and
                     Commerce
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     the
                     Poles
                     of
                     Common-wealths
                     ,
                  
                   
                     LXVIII
                     .
                     His
                     Polis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     145
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Keeping
                     to
                     himself
                     the
                     Power
                     of
                     War
                     and
                     Peace
                     ,
                     by
                     his
                     Sword
                     and
                     his
                     Purse
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXIX
                     .
                     Fer●o
                     &
                     Auro
                     ,
                  
                   
                     1●●
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     not
                     divide
                     his
                     State
                     between
                     his
                     Children
                  
                   
                     LXX
                     .
                     Dum
                     scinditur
                     frangor
                     ,
                  
                   
                     165
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Industry
                     overcomes
                     all
                     things
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXI
                     .
                     Labor
                     omnia
                     vincit
                     ,
                  
                   
                     170
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Rest
                     renews
                     Strength
                  
                   
                     LXXII
                     .
                     Vires
                     alit
                     ,
                  
                   
                     176
                  
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     a
                     Prince
                     ought
                     to
                     behave
                     himself
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     internal
                     and
                     external
                     Disorders
                     of
                     his
                     States
                  
                
                 
                   
                     SEditions
                     are
                     appeas'd
                     by
                     C●lerity
                     and
                     Division
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXIII
                     .
                     COmpress●
                     quiescunt
                     ,
                  
                   
                     182
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                     War
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     〈◊〉
                     taken
                     ,
                     to
                     acquire
                     Peace
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXIV
                     .
                     In
                     fulcrum
                     pacis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     193
                  
                
                 
                   
                     H●
                     who
                     s●ws
                     Discord
                     reaps
                     Wars
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXV
                     .
                     Bellum
                     colligit
                     qui
                     discordia●
                     seminat
                     ,
                  
                   
                     199
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Which
                     are
                     caused
                     by
                     the
                     ill
                     Intentions
                     of
                     Ministers
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXVI
                     .
                     Intrat
                     lux
                     &
                     exit
                     flamma
                     ,
                  
                   
                     205
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     by
                     the
                     Interviews
                     of
                     Princes
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXVII
                     .
                     Praesentia
                     noce●
                     ,
                  
                   
                     209
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     a
                     Prince
                     〈◊〉
                     of
                     specious
                     Pretences
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXVIII
                     .
                     Formosa
                     superné
                     ,
                  
                   
                     212
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Which
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     delud●d
                     by
                     others
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     kind
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXIX
                     .
                     Consilia
                     consiliis
                     ●rustrantur
                     .
                  
                   
                     219
                  
                
                 
                   
                     By
                     being
                     in
                     a
                     Readiness
                     against
                     a
                     Rupt●●●e
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXX
                     .
                     In
                     arena
                     &
                     ante
                     arenam
                     ,
                  
                   
                     223
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     considering
                     his
                     Strength
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXXI
                     .
                     Quid
                     valeant
                     vives
                     ,
                  
                   
                     230
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Pl●cing
                     his
                     Glory
                     and
                     Bravery
                     in
                     Arms.
                     
                  
                   
                     LXXXII
                     .
                     Decus
                     in
                     armis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     243
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     upon
                     the
                     Exercise
                     of
                     them
                     depends
                     the
                     Preservation
                     of
                     his
                     States
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXXIII
                     .
                     Qffendunt
                     &
                     defendunt
                     ,
                  
                   
                     253
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     act
                     more
                     by
                     Counsel
                     than
                     Force
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXXIV
                     .
                     Plura
                     consilio
                     quam
                     vi
                     ,
                  
                   
                     258
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Avoiding
                     middle
                     Counsels
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXXV
                     .
                     Consilia
                     media
                     fugi●da
                     ,
                  
                   
                     262
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Let
                     him
                     personally
                     assist
                     in
                     the
                     Wars
                     of
                     his
                     State.
                     
                  
                   
                     LXXXVI
                     .
                     Rebus
                     adest
                     ,
                  
                   
                     268
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Always
                     remembring
                     ,
                     that
                     his
                     Arms
                     flourish
                     most
                     ;
                     when
                     God
                     is
                     of
                     his
                     side
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXXVII
                     .
                     Auspice
                     Deo
                     ,
                  
                   
                     275
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     he
                     ought
                     to
                     adjust
                     his
                     Will
                     to
                     his
                     Divine
                     Decrees
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXXVIII
                     .
                     Volentes
                     trahimur
                     ,
                  
                   
                     281
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     Concord
                     overcomes
                     all
                     things
                     .
                  
                   
                     LXXXIX
                     .
                     Concordiae
                     cedunt
                     ,
                  
                   
                     287
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     the
                     best
                     Stratagem
                     is
                     Diversion
                     .
                  
                   
                     XC
                     .
                     Disjunctis
                     viribus
                     ,
                  
                   
                     293
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     he
                     ought
                     not
                     to
                     confide
                     in
                     reconciled
                     Friends
                     .
                  
                   
                     XCI
                     .
                     Solidari
                     non
                     potest
                     ,
                  
                   
                     298
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     Protection
                     is
                     generally
                     Pernicious
                     .
                  
                   
                     XCII
                     .
                     Protegunt
                     at
                     destruunt
                     ,
                  
                   
                     304
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     Leagues
                     with
                     Hereticks
                     are
                     dangerous
                     .
                  
                   
                     XCIII
                     .
                     Impia
                     foedera
                     ,
                  
                   
                     309
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     the
                     Mitre
                     ought
                     to
                     s●ine
                     equally
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     over
                     .
                  
                   
                     XCIV
                     .
                     Librata
                     refulget
                     .
                  
                   
                     315
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Neutrality
                     neither
                     makes
                     Friends
                     ,
                     nor
                     gains
                     Enemies
                     .
                  
                   
                     XCV
                     .
                     Neutri
                     adhaerendum
                     ,
                  
                   
                     323
                  
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     a
                     Prince
                     ought
                     to
                     behave
                     himself
                     in
                     Victories
                     and
                     Treaties
                     of
                     Peace
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     IN
                     Victory
                     let
                     him
                     be
                     always
                     mindful
                     of
                     Adversity
                     .
                  
                   
                     XCVI
                     .
                     Memor
                     adversae
                     ,
                  
                   
                     334
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Making
                     use
                     of
                     the
                     Spoils
                     to
                     augment
                     his
                     own
                     Strength
                     .
                  
                   
                     XCVII
                     .
                     Fortior
                     Spoliis
                     ,
                  
                   
                     343
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     concluding
                     Peace
                     under
                     the
                     Shield
                     .
                  
                   
                     XCVIII
                     .
                     Sub
                     Clypeo
                     ,
                  
                   
                     348
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     the
                     Pleasures
                     of
                     Peace
                     are
                     the
                     Fruit
                     of
                     War.
                     
                  
                   
                     XCIX
                     .
                     Merces
                     Belli
                     ,
                  
                   
                     354
                  
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     a
                     Prince
                     ought
                     to
                     behave
                     himself
                     in
                     his
                     old
                     Age.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     LET
                     him
                     consider
                     that
                     his
                     last
                     Actions
                     Crown
                     his
                     Government
                     .
                  
                   
                     C.
                     QUI
                     legitimè
                     certaverit
                     ,
                  
                   
                     360
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     Prognosticate
                     what
                     his
                     Successor
                     will
                     be
                     .
                  
                   
                     CI.
                     Futurum
                     indicat
                     ,
                  
                   
                     374
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     that
                     he
                     is
                     equal
                     to
                     the
                     r●st
                     of
                     ●●●kind
                     in
                     the
                     P●ngs
                     of
                     Death
                     .
                  
                   
                     CII
                     .
                     ●udibria
                     Mortis
                     ,
                  
                   
                      
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               OF
               THE
               EDUCATION
               OF
               A
               PRINCE
               .
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 I.
                 
                 
              
               
                 VAlour
                 is
                 born
                 ,
                 not
                 acquired
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 an
                 intrinsick
                 Quality
                 of
                 the
                 Soul
                 which
                 is
                 infused
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 exerts
                 it self
                 :
                 The
                 very
                 Mothers
                 Womb
                 was
                 a
                 Field
                 of
                 Battel
                 to
                 the
                 Two
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 Iacob
                 and
                 Esau
                 1
                 .
                 Of
                 
                 Thamar's
                 Twins
                 ,
                 one
                 
                 by
                 Nature
                 more
                 daring
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 Born
                 before
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 broke
                 however
                 the
                 Ligature
                 ,
                 and
                 thrust
                 out
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 snatch
                 the
                 Eldership
                 from
                 him
                 2
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 Soul
                 exerts
                 it self
                 in
                 the
                 Cradle
                 :
                 Hercules
                 Crowned
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 Two
                 Serpen●●
                 ,
                 from
                 that
                 day
                 exposing
                 himself
                 to
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 Fortune
                 truckle
                 to
                 his
                 Vertue
                 .
                 A
                 generous
                 Spirit
                 is
                 conspicuous
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 Actions
                 of
                 Nature
                 .
                 The
                 Infa●●●
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 your
                 Highness
                 his
                 Uncle
                 of
                 Blessed
                 Memory
                 ,
                 saw
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Norlinguen
                 almost
                 even
                 before
                 he
                 knew
                 what
                 War
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 then
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 Command
                 with
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Act
                 with
                 Vigour
                 .
              
               
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 Boy
                 when
                 Elected
                 King
                 by
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Age
                 did
                 in
                 that
                 Childish
                 Government
                 such
                 Heroick
                 A●●●●●s
                 ,
                 as
                 sufficiently
                 manifested
                 his
                 secret
                 Greatness
                 〈…〉
                 and
                 Royal
                 Genius
                 ,
                 Natures
                 most
                 excellent
                 Pro●●ct●ons
                 are
                 themselves
                 their
                 own
                 Discoverers
                 .
                 Amid●●
                 the
                 rude
                 and
                 unrefined
                 mass
                 of
                 Oar
                 ,
                 the
                 Diamond
                 ●●●rkles
                 ,
                 and
                 Gold
                 glisters
                 .
                 The
                 Young
                 Lion
                 as
                 soon
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 views
                 his
                 Paws
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 haughty
                 Me●
                 ,
                 shakes
                 his
                 curled
                 Main
                 ●carce
                 yet
                 dry
                 ,
                 as
                 preparing
                 to
                 Fight
                 .
                 Childish
                 Games
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 Princes
                 are
                 carried
                 by
                 a
                 natural
                 Impulse
                 ,
                 are
                 Signs
                 and
                 prognosticks
                 of
                 maturer
                 Actions
                 .
                 Nature
                 is
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 a
                 Moment
                 idle
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 Birth
                 of
                 it's
                 Off-spring
                 is
                 industrious
                 in
                 a
                 regular
                 Formation
                 of
                 its
                 Mind
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Body
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 she
                 has
                 stampt
                 such
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Affection
                 upon
                 Parents
                 to
                 excite
                 their
                 D●●●gence
                 in
                 well
                 Educating
                 their
                 Children
                 ;
                 and
                 least
                 they
                 should
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 no
                 unusual
                 thing
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 strange
                 Nurses
                 Milk
                 ,
                 imbibe
                 also
                 her
                 Vicious
                 Practices
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 Nature
                 ,
                 provident
                 in
                 her
                 Distributions
                 ,
                 has
                 dispenced
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 double
                 Fountain
                 of
                 purer
                 Blood
                 ,
                 to
                 supply
                 them
                 with
                 Nourishment
                 for
                 their
                 Young
                 Ones
                 :
                 But
                 either
                 Idleness
                 ,
                 or
                 fear
                 of
                 
                 losing
                 their
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 is
                 frequently
                 the
                 occasion
                 why
                 Mothers
                 (
                 not
                 without
                 considerable
                 Detriment
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 )
                 neglect
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 the
                 suckling
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 to
                 others
                 ;
                 which
                 Abuse
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 cannot
                 so
                 easily
                 be
                 remedied
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 great
                 care
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 
                   Let
                   them
                   be
                   Healthy
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Family
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   bred
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   from
                   the
                   Conception
                   to
                   the
                   Birth
                   the
                   Child
                   is
                   nourished
                   in
                   the
                   Body
                   of
                   its
                   Mother
                   ,
                   so
                   is
                   it
                   from
                   its
                   Birth
                   till
                   't
                   is
                   weaned
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Nurse's
                   Breast
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   last
                   Interval
                   being
                   longer
                   than
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   the
                   Child
                   must
                   of
                   Necessity
                   imbibe
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   its
                   Nurse
                   than
                   its
                   Mother
                   ,
                
                 Says
                 the
                 Wise
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 who
                 prescribed
                 Laws
                 to
                 Heaven
                 and
                 Earth
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Obligation
                 Parents
                 lie
                 under
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 3
                 :
                 there
                 's
                 scarce
                 any
                 Animal
                 will
                 forsake
                 its
                 Young
                 Ones
                 without
                 Direction
                 given
                 how
                 to
                 provide
                 for
                 themselves
                 .
                 Nor
                 are
                 the
                 Advantages
                 of
                 Education
                 less
                 considerable
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 Children
                 are
                 more
                 ready
                 to
                 embrace
                 their
                 Parents
                 instructions
                 and
                 bear
                 their
                 Reproofs
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 others
                 4
                 :
                 Those
                 particularly
                 who
                 are
                 nobly
                 born
                 disdain
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 their
                 Inferiours
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 Childs
                 first
                 Procreation
                 ,
                 it
                 Received
                 nothing
                 from
                 the
                 Father
                 but
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 for
                 God
                 alone
                 is
                 the
                 Authour
                 of
                 the
                 Soul
                 ,
                 which
                 except
                 the
                 Father
                 afterwards
                 Cultivates
                 and
                 improves
                 by
                 Education
                 5
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 scarce
                 deserve
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 a
                 true
                 and
                 absolute
                 Father
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 new
                 in
                 holy
                 Scripture
                 for
                 a
                 Master
                 to
                 be
                 called
                 Father
                 .
                 For
                 Example
                 ,
                 Iubal
                 the
                 first
                 Teacher
                 of
                 Musick
                 6
                 .
                 And
                 who
                 ,
                 I
                 pray
                 ,
                 is
                 fitter
                 to
                 Teach
                 his
                 Son
                 how
                 to
                 appear
                 with
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 Decorum
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 Maintain
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 govern
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 7
                 ?
                 He
                 only
                 has
                 the
                 full
                 practick
                 
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 others
                 knows
                 only
                 in
                 part
                 and
                 by
                 Speculation
                 :
                 Nor
                 without
                 reason
                 did
                 Solomon
                 boast
                 that
                 he
                 Received
                 great
                 Improvement
                 from
                 his
                 Fathers
                 Instructions
                 8
                 ;
                 however
                 since
                 Fathers
                 sometimes
                 have
                 not
                 themselves
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 requisite
                 for
                 a
                 good
                 Education
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 have
                 not
                 leisure
                 to
                 take
                 that
                 Trouble
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 Masters
                 must
                 be
                 looked
                 for
                 of
                 an
                 unblamable
                 Life
                 and
                 Conversation
                 ;
                 eminent
                 withall
                 for
                 Learning
                 and
                 Experience
                 9
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 in
                 his
                 Laws
                 describes
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 .
                 
                   So
                   that
                   for
                   all
                   these
                   reasons
                   ,
                   Kings
                   ought
                   to
                   tak●
                   great
                   care
                   of
                   their
                   Children
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   choose
                   them
                   Tutours
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Family
                   and
                   good
                   Livers
                   ,
                   sound
                   both
                   in
                   Mind
                   and
                   Body
                   ,
                   and
                   above
                   all
                   faithfull
                   and
                   just
                   ,
                   firm
                   to
                   the
                   Interest
                   of
                   their
                   King
                   and
                   Country
                   .
                
                 To
                 which
                 I
                 add
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 Men
                 of
                 Valour
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 well
                 Experienced
                 in
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 Peace
                 as
                 War
                 ,
                 such
                 was
                 Seneca
                 ,
                 whom
                 therefore
                 Agrippina
                 made
                 Choice
                 of
                 for
                 
                 Nero's
                 Master
                 10
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 impossible
                 ,
                 without
                 doubt
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 an
                 abject
                 and
                 mean
                 Spirit
                 to
                 imprint
                 on
                 a
                 Prince
                 thoughts
                 more
                 sublime
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 .
                 Were
                 an
                 Owl
                 to
                 instruct
                 an
                 Eagle
                 ,
                 she
                 would
                 not
                 teach
                 her
                 to
                 look
                 on
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 or
                 soar
                 above
                 lofty
                 Cedars
                 ;
                 her
                 School
                 would
                 be
                 kept
                 altogether
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 amidst
                 the
                 lower
                 Branches
                 .
                 The
                 Master's
                 Image
                 appears
                 in
                 the
                 Scholar
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 Represents
                 himself
                 .
                 For
                 no
                 other
                 reason
                 did
                 Pharaoh
                 make
                 Ios●●●
                 Lord
                 of
                 his
                 house
                 ,
                 and
                 Ruler
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 substance
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 teach
                 his
                 Princes
                 to
                 be
                 like
                 himself
                 11
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 have
                 the
                 tuition
                 and
                 government
                 of
                 Princes
                 Sons
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 careful
                 of
                 their
                 tender
                 years
                 ,
                 as
                 Gardiners
                 
                 are
                 of
                 their
                 most
                 delicate
                 Plants
                 ,
                 which
                 even
                 before
                 they
                 appear
                 above
                 ground
                 ;
                 they
                 secure
                 with
                 Fences
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 being
                 injured
                 ,
                 by
                 treading
                 on
                 ,
                 or
                 handling
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 first
                 stroak
                 depends
                 the
                 Perfection
                 of
                 a
                 Picture
                 ,
                 so
                 does
                 a
                 good
                 Education
                 on
                 what
                 the
                 first
                 years
                 have
                 imbibed
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 passions
                 get
                 strength
                 and
                 refuse
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 reason
                 12
                 .
                 From
                 a
                 very
                 minute
                 Seed
                 a
                 vast
                 Tree
                 proceeds
                 ,
                 which
                 however
                 small
                 a
                 twig
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 flexible
                 every
                 way
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 invested
                 with
                 Bark
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 diffused
                 it self
                 into
                 Branches
                 ,
                 stands
                 immoveable
                 .
                 The
                 affections
                 in
                 youth
                 are
                 not
                 much
                 unlike
                 poison
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 once
                 made
                 its
                 passage
                 into
                 the
                 Heart
                 ,
                 leaves
                 the
                 paleness
                 consequent
                 to
                 it
                 incurable
                 .
                 Vertues
                 that
                 improve
                 and
                 increase
                 with
                 our
                 Age
                 have
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 precedency
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 excell
                 even
                 themselves
                 13
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 four
                 Winged
                 Animals
                 in
                 
                 Ezekiel's
                 Vision
                 ,
                 the
                 Eagle
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 that
                 very
                 number
                 ,
                 was
                 carried
                 higher
                 than
                 all
                 those
                 four
                 14
                 ,
                 for
                 because
                 she
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 hatcht
                 began
                 to
                 have
                 Wings
                 ,
                 the
                 others
                 not
                 till
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 she
                 not
                 only
                 appeared
                 above
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 her self
                 too
                 .
                 For
                 want
                 of
                 a
                 suitable
                 consideration
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 Imagine
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 many
                 persons
                 usually
                 commit
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 their
                 Sons
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 to
                 Women
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 the
                 idle
                 fear
                 of
                 shadows
                 ,
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 genius
                 of
                 their
                 Sex
                 ,
                 enfeeble
                 their
                 minds
                 ,
                 and
                 stamp
                 other
                 Effoeminate
                 passions
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 time
                 take
                 deep
                 root
                 15
                 .
                 To
                 avoid
                 this
                 inconveniency
                 ,
                 the
                 Persian
                 Kings
                 Commited
                 theirs
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 persons
                 of
                 worth
                 and
                 prudence
                 16
                 .
                 But
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 Children's
                 natures
                 are
                 
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 particular
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 without
                 it
                 to
                 draw
                 a
                 true
                 Scheme
                 of
                 Education
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 no
                 Age
                 is
                 more
                 proper
                 for
                 it
                 than
                 their
                 infancy
                 ,
                 when
                 nature
                 as
                 yet
                 free
                 from
                 envy
                 and
                 dissimulation
                 17
                 ,
                 sincerely
                 discloses
                 it self
                 ;
                 when
                 in
                 their
                 Forehead
                 ,
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 Hands
                 ,
                 their
                 Smiles
                 and
                 other
                 motions
                 of
                 their
                 Body
                 ,
                 their
                 passions
                 and
                 inclinations
                 appear
                 without
                 disguise
                 .
                 The
                 Ambassadours
                 of
                 Bearn
                 having
                 power
                 given
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 illustrious
                 William
                 of
                 Moncada
                 to
                 Choose
                 which
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 for
                 their
                 Prince
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 ;
                 upon
                 observation
                 ,
                 that
                 Ones
                 hand
                 was
                 Clinched
                 ,
                 the
                 others
                 open
                 ,
                 Chose
                 this
                 latter
                 ,
                 interpreting
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 Munificence
                 and
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 afterwards
                 prov'd
                 .
                 If
                 an
                 Infant
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 generous
                 and
                 great
                 Mind
                 ,
                 at
                 hearing
                 his
                 own
                 commendations
                 he
                 smooths
                 his
                 Brows
                 ,
                 looks
                 pleasantly
                 and
                 smiles
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 when
                 discommended
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 concerned
                 ,
                 blushes
                 and
                 casts
                 his
                 Eyes
                 on
                 the
                 ground
                 ;
                 if
                 of
                 an
                 undaunted
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 he
                 looks
                 stern
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 terrified
                 with
                 shadows
                 or
                 threats
                 ;
                 if
                 Liberal
                 ,
                 he
                 despises
                 toyes
                 and
                 presents
                 ,
                 or
                 readily
                 parts
                 with
                 them
                 again
                 to
                 others
                 ;
                 if
                 revengeful
                 ,
                 he
                 continues
                 Angry
                 ,
                 is
                 all
                 in
                 Tears
                 till
                 he
                 have
                 satisfaction
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 Cholerick
                 ,
                 the
                 least
                 trifle
                 puts
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 heat
                 ,
                 he
                 lets
                 fall
                 his
                 Brows
                 ,
                 looks
                 dogged
                 ,
                 and
                 threatens
                 with
                 his
                 fist
                 ;
                 if
                 Affable
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 sweet
                 Smile
                 and
                 alluring
                 Eye
                 ,
                 he
                 wins
                 favour
                 and
                 acceptance
                 ;
                 if
                 Melancholy
                 ,
                 he
                 avoids
                 Company
                 ,
                 delights
                 in
                 solitude
                 ,
                 is
                 often
                 complaining
                 ,
                 seldom
                 Laughs
                 ,
                 and
                 generally
                 looks
                 sullen
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 Airy
                 ,
                 he
                 unfolds
                 the
                 Wrinkles
                 of
                 his
                 Forehead
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 gratefully
                 fixing
                 his
                 Eyes
                 seems
                 to
                 dart
                 a
                 pleasing
                 light
                 ,
                 by
                 and
                 by
                 with
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Complacency
                 withdrawing
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 agreeably
                 pleating
                 his
                 brows
                 ,
                 betrays
                 the
                 Chearfulness
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 .
                 Thus
                 does
                 the
                 heart
                 represent
                 the
                 other
                 Vertues
                 also
                 ,
                 and
                 vices
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 and
                 exterior
                 motions
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 till
                 more
                 cautious
                 Age
                 has
                 taught
                 it
                 to
                 Conceal
                 them
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 very
                 Cradle
                 and
                 Nurse's
                 Arms
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 court
                 admired
                 in
                 your
                 Highness
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 natural
                 pleasantness
                 and
                 grateful
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 that
                 grave
                 carriage
                 and
                 presence
                 of
                 Mind
                 which
                 appeared
                 in
                 you
                 Highness
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Two
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Castile
                 and
                 Leon
                 took
                 an
                 Oath
                 of
                 Allegiance
                 to
                 you
                 ,
                 exceeded
                 the
                 ordinary
                 capacity
                 of
                 your
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 however
                 ,
                 these
                 reflections
                 of
                 mine
                 upon
                 infancy
                 be
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 infallible
                 and
                 without
                 exception
                 ,
                 for
                 nature
                 sometimes
                 deviates
                 from
                 her
                 Common
                 Road
                 ,
                 and
                 deceives
                 the
                 too
                 curious
                 Enquirer
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 ,
                 who
                 tho'
                 vitious
                 in
                 their
                 infancy
                 ,
                 when
                 at
                 years
                 of
                 discretion
                 take
                 up
                 and
                 Reform
                 ,
                 which
                 happens
                 perhaps
                 ,
                 because
                 one
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 haughty
                 Spirit
                 despises
                 Education
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 is
                 subdued
                 by
                 his
                 natural
                 passions
                 ,
                 while
                 right
                 reason
                 is
                 too
                 weak
                 to
                 resist
                 them
                 ,
                 till
                 that
                 getting
                 strength
                 He
                 acknowledges
                 its
                 errours
                 and
                 corrects
                 them
                 effectually
                 :
                 't
                 was
                 a
                 cruel
                 and
                 barbarous
                 Custom
                 therefore
                 of
                 the
                 Brachmans
                 ,
                 who
                 either
                 killed
                 or
                 exposed
                 their
                 Children
                 after
                 they
                 were
                 Two
                 Months
                 Old
                 in
                 the
                 Woods
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 appeared
                 in
                 them
                 any
                 tokens
                 of
                 an
                 ill
                 nature
                 .
                 As
                 inhumane
                 were
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 who
                 threw
                 theirs
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 Taygetes
                 .
                 Both
                 seemed
                 to
                 make
                 no
                 account
                 of
                 Education
                 ,
                 of
                 right
                 reason
                 and
                 free-will
                 which
                 usually
                 correct
                 and
                 regulate
                 natural
                 affections
                 .
                 This
                 also
                 seems
                 unaccountable
                 ,
                 when
                 nature
                 joyns
                 some
                 eminent
                 Vertues
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 enormous
                 Vices
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 person
                 ;
                 as
                 too
                 different
                 slips
                 are
                 often
                 grafted
                 upon
                 two
                 branches
                 ,
                 which
                 growing
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Root
                 produce
                 different
                 ,
                 nay
                 contrary
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 bitter
                 and
                 sweet
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 was
                 Visible
                 in
                 Alcibiades
                 of
                 whom
                 't
                 was
                 a
                 question
                 whether
                 he
                 was
                 more
                 eminent
                 for
                 his
                 Vertues
                 or
                 Vices
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Nature
                 works
                 '
                 ere
                 she
                 has
                 begun
                 to
                 know
                 her self
                 ,
                 but
                 reason
                 afterwards
                 and
                 industry
                 correct
                 and
                 polish
                 her
                 operations
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 since
                 I
                 proposed
                 to
                 my self
                 by
                 these
                 Emblems
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 exact
                 Model
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 from
                 the
                 Cradle
                 to
                 the
                 Tomb
                 ,
                 It
                 won't
                 be
                 amiss
                 to
                 accommodate
                 my
                 rudiments
                 
                 and
                 stile
                 to
                 each
                 particular
                 Age
                 ,
                 as
                 Plato
                 and
                 Aristotle
                 have
                 done
                 .
                 At
                 present
                 ,
                 I
                 Advise
                 that
                 special
                 Care
                 be
                 taken
                 to
                 render
                 his
                 Arms
                 and
                 Legs
                 active
                 by
                 Exercise
                 .
                 If
                 by
                 chance
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Limbs
                 should
                 be
                 crooked
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 straightned
                 by
                 artificial
                 Instruments
                 18
                 .
                 Let
                 ●rightful
                 spectacles
                 which
                 may
                 injure
                 the
                 imaginative
                 faculty
                 be
                 kept
                 from
                 him
                 :
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 be
                 suffered
                 to
                 look
                 asquint
                 at
                 any
                 thing
                 :
                 Use
                 him
                 gradually
                 to
                 the
                 sha●pness
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 nor
                 should
                 Musick
                 be
                 Wanting
                 to
                 quicken
                 his
                 Spirits
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 :
                 for
                 whatever
                 new
                 thing
                 Children
                 meet
                 with
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 they
                 admire
                 ,
                 that
                 makes
                 the
                 deepest
                 Impression
                 on
                 their
                 Imagination
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 II.
                 
                 
              
               
                 WIth
                 Pencil
                 and
                 Colours
                 Art
                 admirably
                 Expresses
                 every
                 thing
                 .
                 Hence
                 ,
                 if
                 Painting
                 be
                 not
                 Nature
                 ,
                 it
                 certainly
                 comes
                 so
                 near
                 it
                 as
                 that
                 often
                 its
                 works
                 deceive
                 the
                 sight
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 distinguished
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 touch
                 .
                 It
                 can't
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 true
                 ,
                 animate
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 frequently
                 draws
                 the
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 Motions
                 and
                 Affections
                 of
                 the
                 Soul.
                 Altho'
                 indeed
                 it
                 cannot
                 intirely
                 form
                 the
                 Bodies
                 themselves
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 matter
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Pencil
                 so
                 exquisitely
                 describes
                 them
                 on
                 Canvass
                 ,
                 that
                 besides
                 Life
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 that
                 you
                 can
                 desire
                 more
                 .
                 Nature
                 I
                 believe
                 would
                 envy
                 Art
                 if
                 she
                 could
                 possibly
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 she
                 is
                 so
                 kind
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 many
                 things
                 to
                 use
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Art
                 ;
                 for
                 whatever
                 the
                 Industry
                 of
                 this
                 can
                 perfect
                 ,
                 that
                 Nature
                 does
                 not
                 finish
                 her self
                 .
                 Thus
                 we
                 see
                 man
                 is
                 born
                 without
                 any
                 manner
                 of
                 knowledge
                 or
                 propriety
                 of
                 speech
                 ,
                 instruction
                 and
                 learning
                 being
                 left
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 lineaments
                 
                 of
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 on
                 his
                 mind
                 as
                 on
                 a
                 blank
                 Canvass
                 ,
                 and
                 Education
                 to
                 Imprint
                 morality
                 thereon
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 humane
                 Society
                 ;
                 for
                 hence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 by
                 One
                 mans
                 having
                 Occasion
                 for
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 bonds
                 of
                 gratitude
                 and
                 affection
                 are
                 strengthened
                 :
                 for
                 Nature
                 has
                 sown
                 the
                 seed
                 of
                 Vertue
                 and
                 knowledge
                 in
                 all
                 of
                 us
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 equally
                 born
                 to
                 those
                 goods
                 of
                 the
                 mind
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 cultivated
                 and
                 quicken'd
                 by
                 some
                 other
                 hand
                 1
                 .
                 But
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 these
                 measures
                 be
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 tender
                 years
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 mind
                 is
                 fitter
                 to
                 Receive
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 forms
                 ,
                 so
                 readily
                 apprehensive
                 of
                 sciences
                 as
                 to
                 appear
                 rather
                 to
                 remember
                 than
                 first
                 learn
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 Plato
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 as
                 an
                 argument
                 to
                 prove
                 the
                 immortality
                 of
                 the
                 Soul
                 2
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 this
                 be
                 negle●●●●
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Age
                 ,
                 the
                 affections
                 by
                 degrees
                 get
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 depraved
                 inclinations
                 make
                 so
                 deep
                 an
                 impression
                 upon
                 the
                 will
                 as
                 no
                 Education
                 can
                 efface
                 .
                 The
                 Bear
                 no
                 sooner
                 whelps
                 but
                 licking
                 the
                 limbs
                 of
                 her
                 deformed
                 Litter
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 soft
                 ,
                 perfects
                 and
                 brings
                 them
                 to
                 shape
                 ,
                 whereas
                 if
                 she
                 suffered
                 them
                 to
                 grow
                 firm
                 her
                 pains
                 would
                 be
                 ineffectual
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 wi●ely
                 done
                 (
                 in
                 my
                 Judgment
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Persia
                 to
                 Commit
                 their
                 Sons
                 in
                 their
                 Infancy
                 to
                 Masters
                 ,
                 whose
                 care
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 seven
                 years
                 of
                 their
                 life
                 to
                 Organize
                 their
                 Bodies
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 to
                 strengthen
                 them
                 by
                 using
                 them
                 to
                 fencing
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 Exercises
                 .
                 To
                 these
                 they
                 after
                 added
                 four
                 select
                 Persons
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 finishing
                 stroaks
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 eminent
                 for
                 Learning
                 ,
                 made
                 'em
                 Scholars
                 ;
                 the
                 second
                 a
                 discreet
                 ,
                 sober
                 man
                 ,
                 taught
                 them
                 to
                 govern
                 and
                 bridle
                 their
                 appetites
                 ;
                 the
                 third
                 a
                 Lover
                 of
                 Equity
                 ,
                 inculcated
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 Justice
                 ;
                 lastly
                 the
                 fourth
                 eminently
                 Valiant
                 and
                 Experienced
                 in
                 War●are
                 ,
                 instructed
                 them
                 in
                 Mili●ary
                 
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 especially
                 endeavouring
                 by
                 incentives
                 to
                 Honour
                 ,
                 to
                 divert
                 their
                 minds
                 from
                 fear
                 and
                 Cow●ardice
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 good
                 Education
                 is
                 particularly
                 necessa●●y
                 in
                 Princes
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Politick
                 happiness
                 and
                 publick
                 safety
                 .
                 In
                 others
                 the
                 neglect
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Education
                 is
                 only
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 single
                 persons
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 influences
                 very
                 few
                 :
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 against
                 his
                 private
                 ,
                 but
                 every
                 ones
                 common
                 interest
                 ,
                 whilst
                 some
                 he
                 injures
                 immediately
                 by
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 others
                 by
                 his
                 Example
                 .
                 Man
                 well
                 Educated
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 divine
                 Creature
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 If
                 ill
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 animals
                 the
                 most
                 savage
                 3
                 .
                 What
                 ,
                 I
                 pray
                 ,
                 can
                 you
                 expect
                 from
                 a
                 Prince
                 who
                 is
                 ill
                 Educated
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 got
                 the
                 supreme
                 power
                 in
                 his
                 hands
                 ?
                 other
                 evils
                 of
                 a
                 Common
                 wealth
                 are
                 of
                 no
                 long
                 continuance
                 ,
                 this
                 never
                 terminates
                 but
                 with
                 the
                 Princes
                 life
                 .
                 Of
                 what
                 Importance
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 honourable
                 Education
                 is
                 ,
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 was
                 sensible
                 ,
                 declaring
                 in
                 his
                 Letters
                 to
                 Aristotle
                 upon
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 Alexander
                 his
                 Obligation
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 giving
                 him
                 a
                 Son
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 born
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Master
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 certainly
                 never
                 convenient
                 to
                 leave
                 nature
                 otherwise
                 good
                 ,
                 to
                 her self
                 and
                 her
                 own
                 operations
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 best
                 is
                 imperfect
                 and
                 requires
                 some
                 external
                 industry
                 to
                 cultivate
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 indeed
                 do
                 most
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 man's
                 well
                 being
                 .
                 The
                 punishment
                 derived
                 to
                 us
                 by
                 the
                 fault
                 of
                 our
                 first
                 parents
                 being
                 not
                 to
                 enjoy
                 any
                 thing
                 without
                 labour
                 and
                 the
                 sweat
                 of
                 the
                 Brow
                 ,
                 how
                 can
                 you
                 expect
                 a
                 Tree
                 to
                 bear
                 sweet
                 fruit
                 unless
                 you
                 transplant
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 grassing
                 it
                 upon
                 stems
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 refined
                 and
                 generous
                 nature
                 ,
                 correct
                 its
                 Wildness
                 .
                 Education
                 improves
                 the
                 good
                 and
                 instructs
                 the
                 bad
                 4
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 
                 why
                 Trajan
                 became
                 so
                 eminent
                 a
                 Governour
                 ,
                 b●cause
                 he
                 added
                 industry
                 to
                 his
                 natural
                 parts
                 and
                 ha●
                 the
                 direction
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Master
                 as
                 Plutarch
                 .
                 Nor
                 ha●
                 King
                 Peter
                 sirnamed
                 the
                 Cruel
                 ,
                 ever
                 proved
                 so
                 barb●rous
                 and
                 tyrannical
                 had
                 
                   Iohn
                   Alphonso
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Alb●querque
                 ,
                 his
                 Tutor
                 ,
                 known
                 how
                 to
                 mollifie
                 and
                 break
                 hi●
                 haughty
                 temper
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 the
                 same
                 difference
                 in
                 Men●
                 dispositions
                 as
                 in
                 Metals
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 proof
                 against
                 fire
                 ,
                 others
                 dissolve
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 yet
                 all
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 graving
                 tools
                 ,
                 are
                 maleable
                 and
                 ductile
                 .
                 so
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 humour
                 so
                 rugged
                 but
                 care
                 and
                 correction
                 may
                 hav●
                 some
                 effect
                 on
                 .
                 Altho'
                 I
                 confess
                 Education
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 sufficient
                 of
                 it self
                 to
                 make
                 men
                 Vertuous
                 ,
                 because
                 many
                 times
                 under
                 Purple
                 as
                 among
                 Briars
                 and
                 Woods
                 ,
                 there
                 spring
                 up
                 such
                 monstrous
                 Vices
                 ,
                 particularly
                 in
                 persons
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 as
                 prove
                 utterly
                 Incorrigible
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 more
                 obvious
                 than
                 for
                 young
                 men
                 to
                 be
                 deba●ched
                 by
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 Liberty
                 or
                 Flattery
                 in
                 Princes
                 Courts
                 ,
                 where
                 abundance
                 of
                 Vicious
                 affections
                 grow
                 as
                 Thorns
                 ,
                 as
                 noxious
                 and
                 unprofitable
                 weeds
                 upon
                 ill
                 manured
                 Land.
                 Wherefore
                 Except
                 these
                 Courts
                 are
                 well
                 instituted
                 the
                 care
                 taken
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Education
                 will
                 be
                 to
                 very
                 little
                 purpose
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 like
                 Moulds
                 and
                 accordingly
                 so
                 Form
                 the
                 Prince
                 as
                 themselves
                 are
                 well
                 or
                 ill
                 disposed
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Vertues
                 or
                 Vices
                 which
                 have
                 once
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 repute
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 their
                 ministers
                 transmit
                 to
                 posterity
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 is
                 scarce
                 Master
                 of
                 his
                 reason
                 when
                 his
                 Courtiers
                 out
                 of
                 flattery
                 Cry
                 up
                 the
                 too
                 great
                 Liberty
                 of
                 his
                 Parents
                 and
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 recommending
                 to
                 him
                 some
                 great
                 and
                 renowned
                 Actions
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 been
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 propriety
                 of
                 his
                 Family
                 .
                 Hence
                 also
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 some
                 particular
                 Customs
                 and
                 Inclinations
                 are
                 propagated
                 from
                 Father
                 to
                 Son
                 in
                 a
                 continued
                 succession
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 the
                 Native
                 force
                 of
                 their
                 blood
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 neither
                 length
                 of
                 time
                 nor
                 Mixtures
                 of
                 Marriage
                 are
                 used
                 to
                 Change
                 them
                 )
                 as
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 established
                 in
                 the
                 Courts
                 where
                 Infancy
                 imbibes
                 them
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 turns
                 them
                 into
                 nature
                 ,
                 thus
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 the
                 
                 Claudii
                 were
                 reputed
                 Proud
                 ,
                 the
                 Scipio's
                 Warlike
                 ,
                 the
                 Appii
                 ambitious
                 ;
                 as
                 now
                 in
                 Spain
                 the
                 Gusmans
                 are
                 looked
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 Good
                 Men
                 ,
                 the
                 Mendozas
                 Humane
                 ,
                 the
                 Mauriques
                 have
                 the
                 Character
                 of
                 Formidable
                 ,
                 the
                 Toletan's
                 Severe
                 and
                 Grave
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 is
                 Visible
                 in
                 Artificers
                 ,
                 when
                 any
                 of
                 a
                 family
                 have
                 attained
                 an
                 Excellency
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 transmit
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 the
                 Spectatours
                 of
                 their
                 Art
                 and
                 to
                 whom
                 they
                 leave
                 their
                 Works
                 and
                 Monuments
                 of
                 their
                 Labour
                 .
                 To
                 all
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 added
                 ,
                 that
                 Flattery
                 mixt
                 with
                 Errour
                 sometimes
                 commends
                 in
                 a
                 Boy
                 for
                 Vertue
                 what
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 deserves
                 that
                 name
                 ,
                 as
                 Lewdness
                 ,
                 Ostentation
                 ,
                 Insolence
                 ,
                 Anger
                 ,
                 Revenge
                 and
                 other
                 Vices
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 nature
                 ;
                 some
                 men
                 erroneously
                 perswading
                 themselves
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 tokens
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Spirit
                 ;
                 which
                 withall
                 induces
                 'em
                 too
                 eagerly
                 to
                 pursue
                 these
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 neglect
                 of
                 real
                 Vertues
                 :
                 as
                 a
                 Maid
                 sometimes
                 if
                 she
                 be
                 commended
                 for
                 her
                 free
                 Carriage
                 or
                 Confidence
                 ,
                 applies
                 her self
                 to
                 those
                 rather
                 than
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Honesty
                 ,
                 the
                 principal
                 good
                 Qualities
                 of
                 that
                 Sex.
                 Tho'
                 indeed
                 young
                 men
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 driven
                 from
                 all
                 Vices
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 yet
                 more
                 especially
                 from
                 those
                 which
                 tend
                 to
                 Laziness
                 or
                 Hatred
                 they
                 being
                 more
                 easily
                 imprinted
                 in
                 their
                 minds
                 5
                 .
                 Care
                 therefore
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 over-hear
                 no
                 filthy
                 or
                 obscene
                 expressions
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 should
                 he
                 be
                 suffered
                 to
                 use
                 them
                 himself
                 :
                 We
                 easily
                 execute
                 what
                 we
                 make
                 familiar
                 to
                 us
                 in
                 discourse
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 something
                 near
                 it
                 6
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 to
                 prevent
                 this
                 Evil
                 the
                 Romans
                 used
                 to
                 Choose
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 families
                 some
                 grave
                 Ancient
                 Matron
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Sons
                 Governess
                 ,
                 whose
                 whole
                 Care
                 and
                 Employment
                 was
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 a
                 good
                 Education
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 presence
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 allowable
                 to
                 speak
                 a
                 foul
                 word
                 or
                 admit
                 an
                 indecent
                 Action
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 design
                 of
                 
                 this
                 severe
                 discipline
                 was
                 that
                 their
                 nature
                 being
                 pr●●
                 served
                 pure
                 and
                 untainted
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 readily
                 embrace
                 honest
                 professions
                 8
                 .
                 Quintilian
                 laments
                 th●●
                 neglect
                 of
                 this
                 manner
                 of
                 Education
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 Children
                 being
                 usually
                 brought
                 up
                 among
                 servan●●
                 and
                 so
                 learning
                 to
                 imitate
                 their
                 Vices
                 .
                 Nor
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 family
                 concerned
                 what
                 he
                 says
                 or
                 do●●
                 before
                 his
                 young
                 Master
                 ,
                 since
                 even
                 their
                 parents
                 don●●
                 so
                 much
                 inure
                 them
                 to
                 Vertues
                 and
                 Modesty
                 as
                 La●
                 sciviousness
                 and
                 Libertinism
                 9
                 .
                 Which
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 is
                 usual
                 in
                 most
                 Princes
                 Courts
                 :
                 nor
                 is
                 there
                 any
                 remedy
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 displacing
                 those
                 Vicious
                 Courtie●●
                 and
                 substituting
                 others
                 of
                 approved
                 Vertue
                 who
                 may
                 excite
                 the
                 Princes
                 mind
                 to
                 Actions
                 more
                 generous
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 tend
                 to
                 true
                 honour
                 10
                 .
                 When
                 a
                 Cou●●
                 has
                 once
                 bid
                 adieu
                 to
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 often
                 Changed
                 but
                 never
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 nor
                 does
                 it
                 desire
                 a
                 Prince
                 better
                 than
                 it self
                 .
                 Thus
                 
                 Nero's
                 family
                 were
                 Favourers
                 o●
                 Otho
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 like
                 him
                 11
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Princ●
                 cannot
                 do
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 were
                 more
                 adviseable
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 leave
                 that
                 Court
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 remember
                 Iames
                 th●
                 1st
                 .
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 did
                 ,
                 *
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 himself
                 Tyrannized
                 over
                 by
                 those
                 who
                 educated
                 and
                 confined
                 him
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 prison
                 :
                 nor
                 can
                 I
                 give
                 those
                 Cour●●
                 any
                 other
                 name
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 principal
                 aim
                 is
                 to
                 enslave
                 the
                 princes
                 will
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 suffered
                 to
                 go
                 this
                 way
                 or
                 that
                 by
                 choice
                 and
                 at
                 his
                 own
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 forcibly
                 guided
                 as
                 his
                 Courtiers
                 please
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 Water
                 〈◊〉
                 conveighed
                 thro'
                 private
                 Channels
                 for
                 the
                 sole
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 thro'
                 which
                 it
                 passes
                 .
                 To
                 what
                 purpose
                 are
                 good
                 natural
                 Parts
                 and
                 Education
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 
                 suffered
                 to
                 see
                 ,
                 hear
                 and
                 know
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 his
                 Attendance
                 think
                 fit
                 ?
                 What
                 wonder
                 if
                 Henry
                 the
                 4th
                 .
                 King
                 of
                 Castile
                 †
                 proved
                 so
                 negligent
                 and
                 sluggish
                 ,
                 so
                 like
                 his
                 Father
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 Educated
                 among
                 the
                 same
                 Flatterers
                 that
                 occasioned
                 his
                 Fathers
                 male
                 Administration
                 ?
                 Believe
                 me
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 as
                 impossible
                 to
                 form
                 a
                 good
                 Prince
                 in
                 an
                 ill
                 Court
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 draw
                 a
                 straight
                 Line
                 by
                 a
                 Crooked
                 square
                 :
                 there
                 's
                 not
                 a
                 wall
                 there
                 which
                 some
                 lascivious
                 hand
                 has
                 not
                 sullied
                 ;
                 not
                 a
                 Corner
                 but
                 Echoes
                 their
                 dissolute
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 :
                 all
                 that
                 frequent
                 the
                 Court
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 Masters
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Ideas
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 long
                 use
                 and
                 Conversation
                 each
                 imprint
                 something
                 on
                 him
                 which
                 may
                 either
                 be
                 to
                 his
                 benefit
                 or
                 prejudice
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 apt
                 his
                 Nature
                 is
                 to
                 Learn
                 ,
                 the
                 sooner
                 and
                 more
                 easily
                 he
                 imbibes
                 those
                 domestick
                 Customs
                 .
                 I
                 dare
                 affirm
                 that
                 a
                 Prince
                 will
                 be
                 good
                 if
                 his
                 Ministers
                 are
                 so
                 ;
                 bad
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 bad
                 :
                 an
                 instance
                 of
                 this
                 we
                 have
                 in
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Galba
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 light
                 upon
                 good
                 Friends
                 and
                 Gentlemen
                 ,
                 was
                 governed
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Conduct
                 unblameable
                 ;
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 ill
                 ,
                 himself
                 was
                 guilty
                 of
                 inadvertency
                 12
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 will
                 it
                 suffice
                 to
                 have
                 thus
                 reformed
                 living
                 and
                 animate
                 figures
                 in
                 a
                 Court
                 ,
                 without
                 proceeding
                 also
                 to
                 inanimate
                 :
                 for
                 tho'
                 the
                 graving
                 Tool
                 and
                 Pencil
                 are
                 but
                 mute
                 Tongues
                 ,
                 yet
                 Experience
                 has
                 taught
                 us
                 they
                 are
                 far
                 more
                 eloquent
                 and
                 perswasive
                 .
                 What
                 an
                 incitement
                 to
                 Ambition
                 is
                 Alexander
                 the
                 great
                 's
                 Statue
                 ?
                 how
                 strangely
                 do
                 pictures
                 of
                 
                 Iupiter's
                 lewd
                 Amours
                 inflame
                 Lust
                 ?
                 besides
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 our
                 corrupt
                 nature
                 is
                 blameable
                 ,
                 Art
                 is
                 usually
                 more
                 celebrated
                 for
                 these
                 kind
                 of
                 things
                 than
                 Vertuous
                 instructive
                 pieces
                 ;
                 At
                 first
                 indeed
                 the
                 excellency
                 of
                 the
                 workmanship
                 makes
                 those
                 pieces
                 Valuable
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 lascivious
                 persons
                 adorn
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 please
                 and
                 entertain
                 the
                 Eyes
                 .
                 There
                 should
                 be
                 no
                 statue
                 or
                 piece
                 of
                 painting
                 allowed
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 may
                 Create
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 a
                 glorious
                 Emulation
                 13
                 .
                 The
                 Heroick
                 Atchievements
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 are
                 the
                 properest
                 subjects
                 for
                 Painting
                 ,
                 Statuary
                 and
                 Sculpture
                 ;
                 those
                 let
                 a
                 Prince
                 look
                 on
                 continually
                 ,
                 those
                 read
                 ;
                 for
                 Statues
                 and
                 Pictures
                 are
                 ●ragments
                 of
                 History
                 always
                 before
                 our
                 Eyes
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Vices
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 have
                 been
                 (
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 possible
                 )
                 thus
                 corrected
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Princes
                 humour
                 and
                 inclinations
                 well
                 known
                 ,
                 let
                 his
                 Master
                 or
                 Tutor
                 endeavour
                 to
                 lead
                 him
                 to
                 some
                 great
                 undertaking
                 ,
                 sowing
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 Seeds
                 of
                 Vertue
                 and
                 honour
                 so
                 secretly
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 grown
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 difficult
                 to
                 judge
                 whether
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 product
                 of
                 Nature
                 or
                 Art.
                 Let
                 them
                 incourage
                 Vertue
                 with
                 Honour
                 ,
                 brand
                 Vice
                 with
                 Infamy
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 excite
                 Emulation
                 by
                 Example
                 ;
                 these
                 things
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 Effect
                 upon
                 all
                 Tempers
                 ,
                 tho'
                 more
                 on
                 some
                 than
                 others
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 Generous
                 disposition
                 ,
                 Glory
                 influences
                 most
                 ;
                 the
                 Melancholy
                 ,
                 Ignominy
                 ;
                 the
                 Cholerick
                 ,
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 the
                 Inconstant
                 ,
                 Fear
                 ;
                 the
                 Prudent
                 ,
                 Example
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 generally
                 of
                 most
                 efficacy
                 with
                 all
                 ,
                 especially
                 that
                 of
                 Ancestors
                 ;
                 for
                 often
                 what
                 the
                 Blood
                 could
                 not
                 ,
                 Emulation
                 does
                 perform
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 with
                 Children
                 as
                 young
                 trees
                 on
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 Graff
                 a
                 branch
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Father
                 ,
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 to
                 perfection
                 .
                 These
                 Grafts
                 are
                 the
                 famous
                 examples
                 which
                 infuse
                 into
                 Posterity
                 the
                 Vertues
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 and
                 bear
                 excellent
                 fruit
                 .
                 That
                 therefore
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 conveighed
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 thro'
                 all
                 the
                 Senses
                 into
                 the
                 mind
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 deep
                 Root
                 there
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 particular
                 industry
                 of
                 his
                 Instructors
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 proposed
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 in
                 ordinary
                 Exhortations
                 only
                 or
                 Reproofs
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 sensible
                 objects
                 .
                 Sometime
                 let
                 History
                 put
                 him
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Atchievements
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 which
                 eternized
                 in
                 print
                 may
                 excite
                 him
                 to
                 imitate
                 them
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 Musick
                 (
                 that
                 
                 sweet
                 and
                 wonderfull
                 Governess
                 of
                 the
                 passions
                 )
                 playing
                 their
                 Trophies
                 and
                 Triumphs
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 proper
                 to
                 Raise
                 his
                 Spirits
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 let
                 him
                 hear
                 Panegyricks
                 recited
                 upon
                 their
                 Life
                 ,
                 to
                 encourage
                 and
                 animate
                 him
                 to
                 an
                 Emulation
                 of
                 their
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 reciting
                 them
                 himself
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 his
                 young
                 Companions
                 Act
                 over
                 their
                 Exploits
                 as
                 upon
                 a
                 stage
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 inflame
                 his
                 mind
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 force
                 and
                 efficacy
                 of
                 the
                 action
                 is
                 by
                 degrees
                 so
                 imprinted
                 on
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 appears
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 whose
                 person
                 he
                 represents
                 :
                 Lastly
                 let
                 him
                 play
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 receive
                 petitions
                 ,
                 give
                 audience
                 ,
                 ordain
                 ;
                 punish
                 ,
                 reward
                 ,
                 command
                 or
                 marshal
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 besiege
                 Cities
                 and
                 give
                 Battel
                 .
                 In
                 experiments
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 Cyrus
                 was
                 educated
                 from
                 a
                 little
                 Boy
                 and
                 became
                 afterwards
                 an
                 eminent
                 General
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 inclinations
                 unbecoming
                 a
                 Prince
                 discernible
                 in
                 his
                 Infancy
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 Company
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 eminent
                 for
                 the
                 opposite
                 Vertues
                 to
                 correct
                 the
                 Vices
                 of
                 his
                 Nature
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 a
                 straight
                 Pole
                 does
                 the
                 Crookedness
                 of
                 a
                 tender
                 Tree
                 tyed
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 Thus
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 covetous
                 ,
                 let
                 one
                 naturally
                 liberal
                 be
                 always
                 at
                 his
                 Elbow
                 ;
                 if
                 a
                 Coward
                 ,
                 one
                 bold
                 and
                 daring
                 ;
                 if
                 timorous
                 ,
                 one
                 resolute
                 and
                 active
                 ;
                 if
                 Idle
                 and
                 Lazy
                 ,
                 one
                 diligent
                 and
                 industrious
                 :
                 for
                 those
                 of
                 that
                 Age
                 as
                 they
                 imitate
                 what
                 they
                 see
                 or
                 hear
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 also
                 easily
                 copy
                 their
                 Companions
                 Customs
                 .
                 To
                 Conclude
                 ,
                 in
                 Education
                 of
                 Princes
                 too
                 rough
                 Reprehension
                 and
                 Chastisement
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 avoided
                 as
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Contempt
                 .
                 Too
                 much
                 Rigour
                 makes
                 men
                 mean
                 spirited
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 fit
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 servilely
                 subject
                 to
                 One
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 ought
                 to
                 Command
                 all
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 well
                 said
                 of
                 King
                 
                   Alphonsus
                   ,
                   Generous
                   Spirits
                   are
                   sooner
                   corrected
                   by
                   words
                   than
                   blows
                   ,
                   and
                   ●ove
                   and
                   respect
                   those
                   most
                   who
                   use
                   them
                   so
                   .
                
              
               
                 Youth
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 young
                 horse
                 that
                 the
                 Barnacle
                 ●urts
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 easily
                 governed
                 by
                 the
                 gentler
                 Bit.
                 Besides
                 that
                 men
                 of
                 generous
                 Spirits
                 usually
                 conceive
                 a
                 secret
                 horrour
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 they
                 learnt
                 thro'
                 fear
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 have
                 an
                 inclination
                 and
                 desire
                 to
                 try
                 
                 those
                 Vices
                 which
                 in
                 their
                 Childhood
                 were
                 prohibited
                 them
                 .
                 Affections
                 too
                 much
                 confined
                 (
                 especially
                 such
                 as
                 nature
                 endows
                 a
                 Prince
                 withall
                 )
                 break
                 out
                 at
                 last
                 into
                 Despair
                 ,
                 as
                 Exhalations
                 hard
                 bound
                 within
                 the
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 into
                 Lightning
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 imprudently
                 shuts
                 the
                 gates
                 upon
                 natural
                 inclinations
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 their
                 attempting
                 to
                 get
                 thro'
                 the
                 Windows
                 .
                 Some
                 allowance
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 humane
                 infirmity
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 by
                 some
                 innocent
                 diversions
                 to
                 be
                 raised
                 to
                 Vertue
                 :
                 this
                 method
                 they
                 took
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 
                 Nero's
                 Education
                 14
                 .
                 The
                 Tutor
                 ought
                 to
                 chide
                 the
                 Prince
                 in
                 private
                 ,
                 not
                 before
                 Company
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 rather
                 grow
                 obstinate
                 when
                 he
                 sees
                 his
                 Vices
                 are
                 publick
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 two
                 Verses
                 of
                 Homer
                 is
                 very
                 aptly
                 contained
                 how
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 instructed
                 how
                 to
                 obey
                 :
                 
                   
                     Advise
                     ,
                     Command
                     him
                     ,
                     and
                     what
                     's
                     good
                     suggest
                  
                   
                     He
                     will
                     obey
                     when
                     for
                     himself
                     't
                     is
                     best
                     .
                  
                   
                     Hom.
                     2.
                     
                     Il.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 III.
                 
                 
              
               
                 BY
                 the
                 industry
                 of
                 some
                 ingenious
                 and
                 carefull
                 hand
                 one
                 while
                 watering
                 ,
                 another
                 time
                 defending
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 injuries
                 of
                 Wind
                 and
                 ill
                 Weather
                 ,
                 the
                 Rose
                 grows
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 Bud
                 opens
                 un●olds
                 its
                 little
                 leaves
                 into
                 a
                 circular
                 form
                 :
                 A
                 flower
                 strangely
                 pretty
                 ,
                 but
                 which
                 flatters
                 only
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 casualties
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 this
                 its
                 infinite
                 delicacy
                 't
                 is
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 secure
                 .
                 The
                 very
                 same
                 Sun
                 which
                 saw
                 it
                 bloom
                 ,
                 sees
                 it
                 also
                 whither
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 without
                 any
                 other
                 benefit
                 ,
                 than
                 just
                 shewing
                 the
                 World
                 its
                 beauty
                 ;
                 it
                 brings
                 so
                 many
                 months
                 ▪
                 Labour
                 to
                 nothing
                 ,
                 nay
                 oftentimes
                 wounds
                 the
                 very
                 hand
                 that
                 planted
                 it
                 ;
                 nor
                 could
                 it
                 be
                 otherwise
                 than
                 that
                 such
                 rank
                 tillage
                 should
                 produce
                 thorns
                 ▪
                 Of
                 Coral
                 (
                 a
                 Sea
                 shrub
                 )
                 there
                 's
                 quite
                 another
                 account
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 growing
                 under
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 continually
                 tossed
                 by
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 
                 Waves
                 and
                 Tempestuous
                 .
                 Winds
                 becomes
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 harder
                 and
                 more
                 beautiful
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 then
                 first
                 is
                 it
                 more
                 illustriously
                 useful
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 underwent
                 the
                 rage
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Elements
                 .
                 Such
                 contrary
                 Effects
                 arise
                 from
                 the
                 different
                 manner
                 of
                 growing
                 of
                 this
                 Shrub
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Flower
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 softness
                 and
                 hardness
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 happens
                 in
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 who
                 are
                 brought
                 up
                 so
                 tenderly
                 and
                 closely
                 that
                 neither
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 Wind
                 or
                 other
                 Air
                 can
                 come
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 of
                 perfumes
                 ,
                 prove
                 too
                 delicate
                 and
                 little
                 fit
                 for
                 Government
                 ;
                 they
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 are
                 strong
                 and
                 able
                 who
                 inure
                 their
                 Bodies
                 to
                 laborious
                 Exercises
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 also
                 convenient
                 to
                 use
                 ones
                 self
                 to
                 Cold
                 from
                 our
                 infancy
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 health
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 will
                 enable
                 us
                 to
                 undergo
                 Military
                 duties
                 1
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 Exercises
                 Life
                 is
                 prolonged
                 ,
                 by
                 Voluptuousness
                 and
                 Luxury
                 shortned
                 ▪
                 a
                 Vessel
                 of
                 Glass
                 formed
                 with
                 a
                 blast
                 of
                 the
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 is
                 with
                 a
                 blast
                 broken
                 ;
                 Whereas
                 one
                 of
                 Gold
                 wrought
                 with
                 a
                 hammer
                 resists
                 a
                 hammer
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 no
                 matter
                 if
                 he
                 that
                 lives
                 a
                 private
                 and
                 retired
                 Life
                 ,
                 be
                 delicate
                 ;
                 but
                 one
                 who
                 is
                 to
                 support
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 as
                 Atlas
                 the
                 Heavens
                 ,
                 upon
                 his
                 shoulders
                 ,
                 had
                 need
                 be
                 strong
                 and
                 robust
                 .
                 A
                 Common-wealth
                 has
                 not
                 occasion
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 only
                 for
                 a
                 shew
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 also
                 and
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Scripture
                 we
                 find
                 an
                 effeminate
                 King
                 mentioned
                 as
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 divine
                 punishment
                 2
                 .
                 The
                 advantage
                 or
                 disadvantage
                 of
                 this
                 different
                 Education
                 was
                 visible
                 in
                 the
                 Two
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 and
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 had
                 his
                 at
                 Court
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 ;
                 that
                 among
                 Women
                 ,
                 this
                 among
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 that
                 entring
                 his
                 Government
                 seem'd
                 to
                 sail
                 into
                 a
                 strange
                 Gulf
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 the
                 Helm
                 ,
                 committed
                 the
                 guidance
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 this
                 was
                 neither
                 ignorant
                 of
                 ,
                 nor
                 unacquainted
                 with
                 Government
                 ;
                 
                 but
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 Rule
                 even
                 in
                 another's
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 and
                 force
                 Subjects
                 to
                 their
                 Duty
                 ;
                 that
                 was
                 contemn'd
                 ,
                 this
                 honoured
                 and
                 esteemed
                 by
                 all
                 ;
                 that
                 ruined
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 this
                 advanced
                 to
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 upon
                 this
                 consideration
                 that
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 Sirnamed
                 the
                 holy
                 ,
                 was
                 desirous
                 to
                 breed
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Alphonso
                 and
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 And
                 what
                 else
                 was
                 it
                 rendred
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Charles
                 really
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 titularly
                 so
                 ?
                 was
                 it
                 not
                 his
                 continual
                 Travels
                 and
                 indefatigable
                 Labours
                 ?
                 Nor
                 had
                 Tiberius
                 any
                 other
                 thoughts
                 when
                 he
                 design'd
                 his
                 Sons
                 Germanicus
                 and
                 Drusus
                 for
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 for
                 these
                 four
                 Reasons
                 ;
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 accustom
                 themselves
                 to
                 War
                 ;
                 gain
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 hearts
                 ;
                 be
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Debauchery
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 ;
                 and
                 Lastly
                 that
                 himself
                 might
                 live
                 in
                 more
                 security
                 when
                 both
                 his
                 Sons
                 commanded
                 his
                 Legions
                 3
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 that
                 lives
                 in
                 a
                 Camp
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 many
                 Experiences
                 he
                 has
                 there
                 ,
                 spends
                 his
                 time
                 to
                 advantage
                 ;
                 the
                 Courtier
                 utterly
                 loses
                 his
                 in
                 Riot
                 ,
                 Ceremonies
                 and
                 trifling
                 Diversions
                 .
                 At
                 Court
                 a
                 Prince
                 studies
                 more
                 how
                 to
                 set
                 off
                 his
                 Body
                 than
                 improve
                 his
                 Mind
                 .
                 And
                 tho'
                 this
                 latter
                 is
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 regarded
                 ,
                 yet
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 comely
                 Presence
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 wholly
                 neglected
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 captivate
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 as
                 this
                 does
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Soul.
                 God
                 himself
                 seem●d
                 pleased
                 with
                 the
                 shape
                 and
                 proportion
                 of
                 Saul
                 4
                 .
                 Ethiopians
                 and
                 Indians
                 in
                 some
                 parts
                 choose
                 them
                 Kings
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 most
                 Majestick
                 Mien
                 recommends
                 :
                 as
                 the
                 Bees
                 do
                 the
                 biggest
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 shining
                 Colour
                 .
                 People
                 Judge
                 of
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Actions
                 by
                 his
                 Presence
                 ,
                 and
                 think
                 him
                 the
                 best
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 Comeliest
                 .
                 
                 Galba's
                 very
                 Age
                 ,
                 says
                 Tacitus
                 ,
                 was
                 ridiculed
                 and
                 s●orn'd
                 by
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 used
                 to
                 
                 Nero's
                 
                 blooming
                 Youth
                 5
                 .
                 A
                 handsome
                 face
                 joyned
                 with
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Majesty
                 encreased
                 
                 Vespasian's
                 fame
                 6
                 .
                 Thus
                 Beauty
                 strikes
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 thro'
                 them
                 wounding
                 the
                 Soul
                 engages
                 Mens
                 affections
                 and
                 good
                 opinions
                 :
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 particular
                 privilege
                 of
                 nature
                 ,
                 a
                 pleasing
                 Tyrant
                 over
                 the
                 affections
                 and
                 a
                 certain
                 Sign
                 of
                 a
                 well
                 disposed
                 mind
                 ;
                 and
                 tho'
                 the
                 holy
                 Spirit
                 for
                 more
                 security
                 advises
                 us
                 not
                 to
                 judge
                 by
                 exteriours
                 ,
                 yet
                 do
                 we
                 seldom
                 find
                 a
                 generous
                 Soul
                 in
                 a
                 deformed
                 body
                 7
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 was
                 a
                 saying
                 of
                 
                 Plato's
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 a
                 Circle
                 can't
                 be
                 without
                 a
                 Center
                 ,
                 so
                 neither
                 can
                 external
                 Beauty
                 Consist
                 without
                 interiour
                 Vertue
                 .
                 King
                 Alphonsus
                 therefore
                 well
                 advised
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 Prince
                 Marryed
                 to
                 a
                 handsome
                 Woman
                 ,
                 that
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Children
                   may
                   be
                   beautifull
                   as
                   a
                   Prince's
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   above
                   other
                   men
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 fined
                 their
                 King
                 Archiadinus
                 for
                 Marrying
                 a
                 little
                 Woman
                 ,
                 however
                 Wittily
                 he
                 excused
                 himself
                 by
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   of
                   two
                   Evils
                   he
                   had
                   chose
                   the
                   less
                   .
                
                 Beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 is
                 the
                 image
                 of
                 the
                 Soul
                 and
                 picture
                 of
                 Goodness
                 8
                 .
                 It
                 nevertheless
                 happens
                 sometimes
                 that
                 nature
                 intent
                 upon
                 outward
                 perfections
                 forgets
                 inward
                 which
                 are
                 more
                 desirable
                 .
                 So
                 it
                 was
                 with
                 Peter
                 the
                 Cruel
                 ,
                 whose
                 savage
                 and
                 rough
                 disposition
                 Nature
                 had
                 concealed
                 under
                 an
                 agreeable
                 Person
                 .
                 Pride
                 and
                 Ostentation
                 of
                 Beauty
                 easily
                 discompose
                 the
                 Modesty
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 a
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 should
                 not
                 esteem
                 feminine
                 and
                 affected
                 Charms
                 ,
                 which
                 serve
                 only
                 to
                 inflame
                 another's
                 Lust
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 which
                 usually
                 accompany
                 true
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Soul
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 adorned
                 with
                 the
                 Beauties
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 rather
                 with
                 the
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 the
                 Soul.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Commonwealth
                 requires
                 a
                 Prince
                 perfect
                 in
                 mind
                 rather
                 than
                 One
                 so
                 in
                 Body
                 ;
                 tho'
                 t
                 were
                 a
                 great
                 ornament
                 
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 eminent
                 for
                 both
                 .
                 Thus
                 the
                 Palm
                 is
                 singularly
                 commended
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 the
                 neatness
                 of
                 its
                 Trunck
                 and
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 pleasant
                 Fruit
                 it
                 bears
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 excellent
                 qualities
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 Tree
                 so
                 usefull
                 ,
                 that
                 Plutarch
                 says
                 the
                 Babylonians
                 reckoned
                 360
                 Vertues
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 these
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 ,
                 the
                 Complement
                 of
                 the
                 Coelestial
                 Bridegroom
                 points
                 at
                 ,
                 
                   Thy
                   stature
                   is
                   like
                   to
                   a
                   Palm
                   Tree
                
                 9
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 these
                 words
                 he
                 would
                 commend
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 beauty
                 of
                 his
                 Spouse's
                 Body
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 endowments
                 also
                 of
                 her
                 Soul
                 ,
                 signified
                 by
                 the
                 Palm
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 an
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Justice
                 and
                 Fortitude
                 :
                 of
                 Justice
                 because
                 its
                 leaves
                 hang
                 in
                 aequilibrio
                 ;
                 of
                 Fortitude
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 admirable
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 more
                 weight
                 they
                 are
                 loaded
                 with
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 forcibly
                 grow
                 up
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 further
                 an
                 Hieroglyphick
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 the
                 Games
                 and
                 Exercises
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 ,
                 the
                 Victors
                 were
                 crowned
                 with
                 Branches
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Cypress
                 was
                 never
                 esteemed
                 at
                 this
                 Rate
                 ,
                 however
                 flourishing
                 and
                 green
                 it
                 always
                 is
                 ,
                 lifting
                 its
                 self
                 even
                 up
                 to
                 heaven
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 an
                 Obelisk
                 :
                 for
                 that
                 its
                 beauty
                 is
                 meer
                 outside
                 without
                 any
                 good
                 quality
                 inherent
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 of
                 a
                 slow
                 growth
                 ,
                 bears
                 useless
                 fruit
                 ,
                 bitter
                 leaves
                 ,
                 has
                 a
                 strong
                 smell
                 and
                 taste
                 ,
                 a
                 thick
                 and
                 melancholy
                 shade
                 .
                 To
                 what
                 purpose
                 is
                 a
                 Prince
                 of
                 a
                 delicate
                 Body
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 only
                 satisfies
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 not
                 discharge
                 his
                 Duty
                 .
                 There
                 needs
                 no
                 more
                 in
                 him
                 than
                 an
                 agreeable
                 harmony
                 of
                 parts
                 to
                 shew
                 a
                 generous
                 and
                 well
                 disposed
                 mind
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 afterwards
                 Art
                 and
                 Industry
                 may
                 inspire
                 Motion
                 and
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 for
                 without
                 that
                 every
                 Action
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 will
                 be
                 dull
                 ,
                 and
                 rather
                 cause
                 Ridicule
                 and
                 Contempt
                 than
                 procure
                 Authority
                 with
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 But
                 sometimes
                 these
                 extraordinary
                 Endowments
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 don't
                 render
                 a
                 Prince
                 amiable
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 the
                 State
                 is
                 distempered
                 and
                 inclined
                 to
                 Change
                 its
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 Ferdinand
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 had
                 once
                 Experience
                 of
                 ;
                 nay
                 sometimes
                 Vertue
                 her self
                 is
                 unhappy
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 good
                 Prince
                 
                 often
                 odious
                 ;
                 as
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 his
                 Vices
                 taking
                 ,
                 as
                 were
                 those
                 of
                 Vitellius
                 11
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 generality
                 humane
                 Will
                 embraces
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 perfect
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 therefore
                 a
                 Prince's
                 interest
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 publick
                 as
                 private
                 Exercises
                 ,
                 to
                 study
                 by
                 them
                 to
                 supply
                 and
                 perfect
                 Nature
                 ,
                 to
                 strengthen
                 himself
                 in
                 his
                 Youth
                 ,
                 to
                 create
                 generous
                 Thoughts
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 please
                 the
                 People
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 court
                 the
                 Minds
                 but
                 Eyes
                 too
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 12
                 ,
                 who
                 choose
                 to
                 be
                 governed
                 by
                 him
                 in
                 whom
                 they
                 see
                 most
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 Nature
                 and
                 Vertue
                 .
                 Our
                 most
                 Catholick
                 King
                 ,
                 Your
                 Highness's
                 Father
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 pains
                 he
                 took
                 and
                 resolution
                 he
                 shewed
                 at
                 a
                 Chase
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Dexterity
                 in
                 Military
                 Exercises
                 ,
                 his
                 singular
                 Carriage
                 and
                 Vivacity
                 in
                 publick
                 Actions
                 ,
                 what
                 vast
                 Reputation
                 did
                 he
                 gain
                 ?
                 How
                 beloved
                 by
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 esteemed
                 by
                 Foreigners
                 were
                 the
                 Kings
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 holy
                 ,
                 Henry
                 the
                 II
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Charles
                 the
                 Vth.
                 in
                 whom
                 Beauty
                 and
                 a
                 just
                 Proportion
                 of
                 Body
                 were
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 Industry
                 ,
                 Vertue
                 and
                 Valour
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 Exercises
                 are
                 better
                 learnt
                 by
                 Conversation
                 and
                 in
                 Company
                 ,
                 where
                 Emulation
                 enflames
                 the
                 Mind
                 and
                 awakens
                 Industry
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 the
                 Goths
                 Educated
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Nobility
                 in
                 their
                 Courts
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 lay
                 an
                 Obligation
                 upon
                 those
                 Families
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 their
                 own
                 Sons
                 might
                 have
                 their
                 Education
                 and
                 learn
                 the
                 Sciences
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 those
                 of
                 Macedon
                 used
                 to
                 do
                 13
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 the
                 Court
                 was
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 seminary
                 of
                 Commanders
                 .
                 Which
                 good
                 Custom
                 is
                 either
                 utterly
                 forgot
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 has
                 not
                 been
                 hitherto
                 in
                 Vogue
                 in
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
                 'T
                 were
                 otherwise
                 the
                 properest
                 means
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 to
                 engage
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 foreign
                 Princes
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 institute
                 Seminaries
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 their
                 Sons
                 might
                 travel
                 and
                 be
                 instructed
                 in
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 worthy
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 From
                 which
                 also
                 this
                 advantage
                 would
                 arise
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King's
                 Sons
                 would
                 insensibly
                 be
                 accustomed
                 to
                 the
                 Manners
                 and
                 Genius
                 of
                 those
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 meet
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 singular
                 Affection
                 and
                 Gratitude
                 for
                 so
                 good
                 an
                 Education
                 would
                 return
                 the
                 Obligation
                 with
                 their
                 Service
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 E●d
                 King
                 Alphonsu●
                 sirnamed
                 the
                 wise
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Second
                 of
                 his
                 excellent
                 Laws
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Partidas
                 ,
                 has
                 drawn
                 up
                 a
                 Catalogue
                 of
                 those
                 Arts
                 and
                 Duties
                 it
                 is
                 proper
                 for
                 Kings
                 Sons
                 to
                 be
                 exercised
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 all
                 these
                 Exercises
                 nothing
                 renders
                 a
                 Prince
                 so
                 fit
                 as
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 for
                 herein
                 Youth
                 exerts
                 it self
                 ,
                 becomes
                 strong
                 and
                 active
                 ;
                 that
                 gives
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 Military
                 Arts
                 ,
                 to
                 view
                 Ground
                 ,
                 measure
                 the
                 time
                 ,
                 know
                 when
                 to
                 expect
                 ,
                 when
                 assault
                 and
                 strike
                 ,
                 what
                 use
                 to
                 make
                 of
                 Accidents
                 and
                 Statagems
                 .
                 There
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 trembling
                 Motion
                 of
                 their
                 Limbs
                 as
                 they
                 expire
                 ,
                 purge
                 the
                 Affections
                 ,
                 fortify
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 inspir●generous
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 despise
                 Fear
                 and
                 Danger
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Solitude
                 of
                 a
                 Wood
                 and
                 that
                 Silence
                 which
                 usually
                 is
                 kept
                 in
                 Hunting
                 raise
                 the
                 Thoughts
                 to
                 glorious
                 Actions
                 14
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 all
                 those
                 Exercises
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 with
                 that
                 moderation
                 that
                 they
                 render
                 not
                 the
                 Mind
                 either
                 wild
                 or
                 stupid
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Mind
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 harden'd
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 Labour
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 callous
                 and
                 insensible
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 therefore
                 not
                 convenient
                 to
                 fatigue
                 both
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 Labours
                 have
                 contrary
                 Effects
                 ;
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 is
                 a
                 hindrance
                 to
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 to
                 the
                 Body
                 15
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 IV.
                 
                 
              
               
                 KNowledge
                 is
                 necessary
                 in
                 a
                 Governour
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Subject
                 natural
                 Prudence
                 is
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 nay
                 sometimes
                 meer
                 Ignorance
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Idea
                 and
                 Contrivance
                 of
                 a
                 Building
                 the
                 Brain
                 is
                 employed
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Fabrick
                 it self
                 the
                 Hand
                 labours
                 .
                 Command
                 proceeds
                 from
                 Understanding
                 and
                 is
                 quick-sighted
                 ,
                 Obedience
                 is
                 ignorant
                 generally
                 and
                 blind
                 1
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 by
                 nature
                 a
                 Commander
                 who
                 is
                 most
                 intelligent
                 .
                 Whereas
                 others
                 are
                 so
                 either
                 by
                 Succession
                 ,
                 Election
                 or
                 Conquest
                 ,
                 which
                 depend
                 more
                 upon
                 Fortune
                 than
                 Reason
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 we
                 shall
                 reckon
                 the
                 Sciences
                 among
                 the
                 politick
                 instruments
                 of
                 Government
                 :
                 so
                 
                   Justinian
                   ;
                   Imperial
                   Majesty
                
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   Armed
                   as
                   well
                   with
                   Laws
                   as
                   
                   Arms
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   peace
                   and
                   War
                   may
                   be
                   equally
                   well
                   governed
                
                 2
                 .
                 This
                 't
                 is
                 you
                 have
                 exhibited
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 under
                 the
                 figure
                 of
                 a
                 Cannon
                 levelled
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 aim
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 quadrant
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 and
                 Justice
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 should
                 so
                 manage
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 that
                 what
                 's
                 Just
                 be
                 always
                 in
                 View
                 ,
                 and
                 Reason
                 be
                 the
                 mark
                 at
                 which
                 all
                 things
                 be
                 aimed
                 by
                 the
                 medium
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 related
                 of
                 Alphonsus
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 and
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 ask'd
                 upon
                 this
                 Subject
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 most
                 indebted
                 to
                 ,
                 his
                 Arms
                 or
                 Studies
                 ?
                 he
                 made
                 answer
                 :
                 
                   That
                   't
                   was
                   from
                   his
                   Books
                   he
                   had
                   learnt
                   Arms
                   and
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   Arms
                
                 3
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 some
                 one
                 may
                 perhaps
                 think
                 these
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 Learning
                 are
                 more
                 convenient
                 for
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 word
                 Majesty
                 seems
                 to
                 import
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 distracted
                 with
                 Publick
                 Business
                 ,
                 can't
                 apply
                 himself
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 that
                 't
                 were
                 sufficient
                 to
                 make
                 Learning
                 flourish
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 entertained
                 and
                 patronized
                 Men
                 of
                 Ingenuity
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 same
                 Emperour
                 Iustinian
                 did
                 ,
                 who
                 tho'
                 himself
                 utterly
                 illiterate
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Learning
                 ,
                 whose
                 Conversation
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 got
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 an
                 eminent
                 Governour
                 .
                 For
                 my
                 part
                 ,
                 tho'
                 I
                 make
                 no
                 difficulty
                 to
                 grant
                 that
                 even
                 men
                 of
                 no
                 literature
                 may
                 sometimes
                 govern
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 well
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 instances
                 in
                 K.
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 ;
                 yet
                 this
                 only
                 holds
                 in
                 those
                 Genius's
                 that
                 Experience
                 has
                 improved
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 endowed
                 by
                 Nature
                 with
                 so
                 acute
                 a
                 Judgment
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 determine
                 any
                 thing
                 without
                 danger
                 of
                 Errour
                 4
                 .
                 But
                 tho'
                 Prudence
                 may
                 have
                 some
                 efforts
                 from
                 Nature
                 ,
                 yet
                 t
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 perfected
                 by
                 Learning
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 know
                 well
                 how
                 to
                 chose
                 what
                 's
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 reject
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 a
                 
                 general
                 knowledge
                 is
                 almost
                 necessary
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 long
                 observation
                 of
                 Examples
                 both
                 past
                 and
                 present
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 perfectly
                 to
                 be
                 attained
                 without
                 labour
                 and
                 study
                 ;
                 nothing
                 therefore
                 is
                 so
                 necessary
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 as
                 the
                 Light
                 and
                 Ornament
                 of
                 good
                 Literature
                 ;
                 
                   For
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   the
                   knowledge
                   of
                   these
                   things
                
                 (
                 says
                 K.
                 
                   Alphonso
                   )
                   a
                   Prince
                   will
                   be
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   take
                   to
                   his
                   assistance
                   ,
                   one
                   who
                   does
                   understand
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   he
                   may
                   experience
                   what
                   King
                
                 Solomon
                 
                   said
                   ▪
                   That
                   he
                   who
                   entrusts
                   his
                   secret
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   makes
                   himself
                   his
                   slave
                   ,
                   whereas
                   he
                   who
                   can
                   keep
                   it
                   ●imself
                   ,
                   is
                   Master
                   of
                   himself
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   infinitely
                   requisite
                   in
                   a
                   Prince
                   .
                
                 For
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 requires
                 a
                 great
                 understanding
                 and
                 that
                 too
                 illustrated
                 with
                 Learning
                 ,
                 
                   for
                   without
                   doubt
                
                 ,
                 says
                 K.
                 Alphonso
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Law
                 ,
                 
                   no
                   man
                   can
                   acquit
                   himself
                   of
                   an
                   Office
                   of
                   such
                   importance
                   as
                   this
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   without
                   great
                   understanding
                   and
                   wisdom
                   ,
                
                 whence
                 he
                 who
                 scorns
                 the
                 favours
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 and
                 Education
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 scorn'd
                 by
                 God
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Other
                 Sciences
                 have
                 been
                 divinely
                 infused
                 into
                 many
                 ;
                 none
                 but
                 Solomon
                 was
                 ever
                 inspired
                 with
                 Politickss
                 .
                 For
                 Tilling
                 ground
                 ,
                 Agriculture
                 prescribes
                 certain
                 Rules
                 ;
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Taming
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 has
                 also
                 its
                 Methods
                 ,
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 easier
                 to
                 command
                 any
                 Animal
                 than
                 Man
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 therefore
                 that
                 he
                 be
                 endued
                 with
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 portion
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 who
                 has
                 Men
                 to
                 govern
                 5
                 .
                 The
                 different
                 Customs
                 and
                 Dispositions
                 of
                 Subjects
                 can●t
                 without
                 considerable
                 Sagacity
                 ,
                 Application
                 and
                 Experience
                 be
                 discovered
                 :
                 and
                 consequently
                 no
                 man
                 requires
                 Wisdom
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 Prince
                 6
                 .
                 T
                 is
                 that
                 makes
                 Kingdoms
                 happy
                 ,
                 Princes
                 feared
                 and
                 reverenced
                 .
                 Then
                 was
                 Solomon
                 so
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 World
                 became
                 acquainted
                 with
                 his
                 .
                 Knowledge
                 renders
                 a
                 Prince
                 more
                 formidable
                 than
                 Power
                 7
                 .
                 
                   A
                   wise
                   King
                
                 ,
                 says
                 the
                 holy
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 
                   is
                   the
                   upholding
                   of
                   the
                   people
                   :
                   But
                   an
                   unwise
                   
                   King
                   destroyeth
                   them
                
                 8
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 shews
                 how
                 barbarous
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Licinius
                 was
                 ,
                 who
                 cryed
                 out
                 upon
                 the
                 Sciences
                 as
                 a
                 publick
                 Plague
                 ,
                 Philosophers
                 and
                 Orators
                 as
                 Poison
                 to
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 nor
                 does
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Goths
                 appear
                 less
                 absurd
                 ,
                 who
                 found
                 fault
                 with
                 
                 Athalaricus's
                 Mother
                 for
                 instructing
                 him
                 in
                 good
                 Letters
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 was
                 thereby
                 rendred
                 incapable
                 of
                 publick
                 Business
                 .
                 
                   Silvius
                   Aeneas
                
                 had
                 quite
                 other
                 sentiments
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 said
                 they
                 were
                 Silver
                 in
                 the
                 Commonalty
                 ,
                 Gold
                 in
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 Jewels
                 .
                 Alphonso
                 of
                 Naples
                 upon
                 hearing
                 once
                 a
                 certain
                 King
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Learning
                   did
                   not
                   become
                   a
                   Prince
                
                 ;
                 Replyed
                 immediately
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   's
                   spoke
                   rather
                   like
                   a
                   Beast
                   ,
                   than
                   a
                   man
                
                 9
                 .
                 Well
                 therefore
                 said
                 K.
                 Alphonso
                 †
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   a
                   King
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   assiduous
                   in
                   Learning
                   the
                   Sciences
                   ,
                   for
                   by
                   them
                   he
                   will
                   learn
                   the
                   Office
                   of
                   a
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   know
                   better
                   how
                   to
                   practise
                   it
                   .
                
                 Of
                 
                   Iulius
                   Caesar
                
                 't
                 is
                 related
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 the
                 Statuary
                 form
                 him
                 ,
                 standing
                 upon
                 a
                 terrestrial
                 Globe
                 with
                 a
                 Sword
                 in
                 one
                 Hand
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 a
                 Book
                 with
                 this
                 Motto
                 ,
                 
                   Ex
                   utroque
                   Caesar
                
                 ;
                 thereby
                 intimating
                 that
                 as
                 well
                 his
                 Learning
                 as
                 his
                 Arms
                 was
                 instrumental
                 in
                 getting
                 and
                 preserving
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 Lewis
                 the
                 XIth
                 of
                 France
                 did
                 not
                 esteem
                 Learning
                 at
                 this
                 rate
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 permit
                 his
                 Son
                 Charles
                 the
                 8th
                 .
                 to
                 apply
                 himself
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 found
                 himself
                 thereby
                 so
                 obstinate
                 and
                 opinionative
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 admit
                 the
                 Counsel
                 of
                 any
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 Charles
                 proved
                 afterwards
                 unfit
                 to
                 govern
                 ,
                 and
                 suffered
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 by
                 the
                 Nose
                 by
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 great
                 Dishonour
                 to
                 himself
                 and
                 detriment
                 to
                 his
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Extreams
                 therefore
                 in
                 that
                 as
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 avoided
                 ,
                 supine
                 Ignorance
                 breeds
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Derision
                 ,
                 besides
                 it
                 is
                 exposed
                 to
                 a
                 thousand
                 Errours
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 excessive
                 Application
                 to
                 Studies
                 distracts
                 the
                 Mind
                 and
                 diverts
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 The
                 Conversation
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Muse
                 is
                 very
                 pleasant
                 and
                 agreeable
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 o●●
                 would
                 without
                 Reluctancy
                 exchange
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 Fatig●●
                 and
                 Trouble
                 of
                 Audiences
                 and
                 Consultations
                 .
                 Alphon●●
                 the
                 Wise
                 knew
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 Earthquakes
                 ,
                 but
                 coul●
                 not
                 regulate
                 the
                 Commotions
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 th●
                 Coelestial
                 orbs
                 his
                 Ingenuity
                 penetrated
                 ,
                 yet
                 knew
                 no●
                 how
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Empire
                 offered
                 ,
                 and
                 Crown
                 haereditary
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Sultan
                 of
                 Egypt
                 upon
                 his
                 fam●
                 sent
                 Embassadours
                 to
                 him
                 with
                 very
                 considerable
                 presents
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Castil●
                 revolted
                 .
                 Thus
                 it
                 usually
                 happens
                 ;
                 Princes
                 too
                 muc●
                 addicted
                 to
                 the
                 Studies
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 advance
                 their
                 Reputation
                 among
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 and
                 lose
                 it
                 with
                 their
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Their
                 Learning
                 is
                 admired
                 by
                 those
                 ,
                 to
                 these
                 sometimes
                 prejudicial
                 ;
                 for
                 Men
                 of
                 mean
                 parts
                 are
                 generally
                 better
                 Governours
                 than
                 men
                 of
                 ingenuity
                 10
                 .
                 A
                 Mind
                 too
                 intent
                 upon
                 Speculation
                 is
                 usually
                 slow
                 in
                 Action
                 ,
                 and
                 fearful
                 in
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 for
                 of
                 necessity
                 many
                 different
                 and
                 contrary
                 Reasons
                 must
                 occur
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Person
                 ,
                 which
                 either
                 wholly
                 take
                 away
                 or
                 obstruct
                 the
                 liberty
                 of
                 his
                 Judgment
                 .
                 If
                 an
                 Eye
                 looks
                 upon
                 Objects
                 by
                 the
                 Sun
                 's
                 Light
                 reflected
                 ,
                 it
                 clearly
                 and
                 distinctly
                 sees
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 ;
                 whereas
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 fixed
                 directly
                 against
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Rays
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 so
                 dazled
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 lustre
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 can't
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 distinguish
                 the
                 Colours
                 and
                 Figures
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 It
                 happens
                 thus
                 to
                 Wits
                 ;
                 those
                 who
                 too
                 eagerly
                 apply
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Studies
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Learning
                 are
                 less
                 fit
                 for
                 publick
                 business
                 .
                 Right
                 Reason
                 never
                 judges
                 better
                 than
                 when
                 free
                 and
                 disengaged
                 from
                 the
                 Disputations
                 and
                 Subtilties
                 of
                 the
                 Schools
                 ;
                 nor
                 without
                 Reason
                 did
                 the
                 wise
                 K.
                 Solomon
                 call
                 that
                 the
                 worst
                 of
                 Travails
                 which
                 himself
                 had
                 tryed
                 11
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 liberal
                 
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 which
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 superficial
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 is
                 commendable
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 ones
                 whole
                 Business
                 ,
                 and
                 desire
                 to
                 attain
                 a
                 Perfection
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 very
                 prejudicial
                 12
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 convenient
                 that
                 prudence
                 moderate
                 a
                 little
                 that
                 desire
                 of
                 knowledge
                 which
                 is
                 usually
                 most
                 vehement
                 in
                 the
                 best
                 Wits
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 read
                 
                 Agricola's
                 Mother
                 did
                 ,
                 who
                 cooled
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 her
                 Sons
                 Mind
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 his
                 youth
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 more
                 eagerly
                 than
                 was
                 allowable
                 for
                 a
                 Roman
                 and
                 Senatour
                 13
                 .
                 As
                 in
                 Vices
                 so
                 in
                 Learning
                 there
                 is
                 excess
                 14
                 :
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 as
                 hurtful
                 to
                 the
                 mind
                 as
                 those
                 to
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 It
                 will
                 suffice
                 therefore
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 tast
                 the
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 
                   en
                   passant
                
                 ;
                 some
                 practical
                 knowledge
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 for
                 his
                 advantage
                 ,
                 particularly
                 those
                 which
                 relate
                 to
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ,
                 taking
                 as
                 much
                 out
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 will
                 suffice
                 to
                 illustrate
                 his
                 understanding
                 and
                 regulate
                 his
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 being
                 excellent
                 in
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Inferiours
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 pass
                 only
                 his
                 leisure
                 hours
                 in
                 this
                 Noble
                 Exercise
                 as
                 Tacitus
                 says
                 
                   Helvidius
                   Priscus
                
                 used
                 to
                 do
                 15
              
               
                 This
                 granted
                 ,
                 those
                 are
                 not
                 always
                 to
                 be
                 esteem'd
                 the
                 best
                 Tutors
                 for
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 most
                 eminent
                 for
                 Learning
                 and
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 generally
                 too
                 great
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Retirement
                 and
                 studious
                 Idleness
                 ,
                 Strangers
                 to
                 conversation
                 ,
                 Men
                 of
                 no
                 Resolution
                 and
                 very
                 unfit
                 for
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 rather
                 who
                 are
                 Learned
                 and
                 Experienced
                 Politicians
                 ,
                 who
                 besides
                 the
                 Sciences
                 can
                 teach
                 a
                 Prince
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 first
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 instilled
                 into
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Lord
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 wisedom
                 16
                 He
                 who
                 adheres
                 to
                 God
                 is
                 very
                 near
                 the
                 fountain
                 of
                 all
                 Sciences
                 .
                 To
                 know
                 what
                 is
                 human
                 only
                 ,
                 is
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 the
                 daughter
                 of
                 Malice
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 Princes
                 and
                 Commonwealths
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 necessary
                 qualification
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 that
                 pleasing
                 Tyrant
                 over
                 the
                 Passions
                 ,
                 that
                 sweetly
                 allures
                 Mens
                 Wills
                 to
                 a
                 Submission
                 to
                 its
                 Commands
                 .
                 That
                 great
                 Prophet
                 Moses
                 knew
                 of
                 what
                 Consequence
                 this
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 into
                 Egypt
                 to
                 conduct
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 Israel
                 thence
                 ,
                 made
                 this
                 excuse
                 to
                 God
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 slow
                 of
                 speech
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 slow
                 Tongue
                 17
                 .
                 And
                 God
                 took
                 this
                 for
                 a
                 reason
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 to
                 encourage
                 him
                 ,
                 promised
                 to
                 assist
                 his
                 Lips
                 and
                 put
                 into
                 his
                 Mouth
                 the
                 Words
                 he
                 should
                 speak
                 to
                 Pharaoh
                 18
                 .
                 What
                 did
                 not
                 Solomon
                 promise
                 himself
                 from
                 his
                 Eloquence
                 ?
                 I
                 
                   shall
                   be
                   admired
                
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   the
                   sight
                   of
                   great
                   men
                   .
                   When
                   I
                   hold
                   my
                   Tongue
                   they
                   shall
                   bide
                   my
                   Leisure
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   I
                   speak
                   they
                   shall
                   give
                   good
                   Ear
                   unto
                   me
                   :
                   if
                   I
                   talk
                   much
                   they
                   shall
                   lay
                   their
                   hands
                   upon
                   their
                   mouth
                
                 19
                 .
                 And
                 certainly
                 if
                 naked
                 eloquence
                 has
                 power
                 so
                 strangely
                 to
                 captivate
                 an
                 audience
                 ,
                 what
                 can't
                 it
                 do
                 if
                 armed
                 with
                 Regal
                 Power
                 ,
                 or
                 cloathed
                 with
                 Purple
                 ?
                 a
                 Prince
                 who
                 can't
                 speak
                 his
                 Mind
                 without
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 another
                 (
                 a
                 fault
                 Nero
                 was
                 first
                 observed
                 to
                 be
                 guilty
                 of
                 20
                 )
                 is
                 rather
                 a
                 dumb
                 statue
                 ,
                 and
                 deserves
                 not
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 History
                 is
                 the
                 Mistriss
                 of
                 Political
                 truth
                 21
                 ,
                 than
                 which
                 nothing
                 can
                 better
                 instruct
                 a
                 Prince
                 how
                 to
                 rule
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 clear
                 Mirrour
                 ,
                 appears
                 the
                 Experience
                 of
                 
                 former
                 governments
                 ,
                 the
                 prudence
                 of
                 Predecessours
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Souls
                 of
                 many
                 Men
                 collected
                 into
                 one
                 22
                 .
                 History
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 faithful
                 Counsellor
                 ,
                 always
                 ready
                 and
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 Of
                 Law
                 the
                 Prince
                 need
                 only
                 study
                 that
                 part
                 which
                 relates
                 to
                 Government
                 ,
                 turning
                 over
                 such
                 Laws
                 and
                 Constitutions
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 as
                 were
                 by
                 right
                 Reason
                 dictated
                 or
                 by
                 Custom
                 approved
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 spend
                 much
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 divinity
                 ;
                 for
                 how
                 dangerous
                 that
                 knowledge
                 and
                 power
                 in
                 conjunction
                 is
                 ,
                 England
                 has
                 experienced
                 in
                 K.
                 Iames
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 enough
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 persevere
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 faith
                 and
                 have
                 about
                 him
                 devout
                 and
                 Learned
                 Men
                 able
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 Judicial
                 Astrology
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 many
                 Princes
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 desire
                 of
                 knowing
                 future
                 events
                 is
                 in
                 all
                 Men
                 vehement
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 Princes
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 promising
                 to
                 themselves
                 great
                 Authority
                 if
                 they
                 can
                 be
                 looked
                 upon
                 as
                 equal
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 or
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 above
                 the
                 common
                 reach
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 follow
                 these
                 superstitious
                 and
                 odious
                 Arts
                 :
                 nay
                 sometimes
                 arrive
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 madness
                 ,
                 to
                 ascribe
                 all
                 thing●
                 to
                 second
                 causes
                 ,
                 and
                 utterly
                 destroy
                 divine
                 providence
                 by
                 imputing
                 all
                 to
                 chance
                 and
                 divination
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 happens
                 that
                 while
                 they
                 attribute
                 more
                 to
                 Chance
                 and
                 Fortune
                 than
                 human
                 Prudence
                 or
                 Industry
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 too
                 remiss
                 in
                 their
                 Designs
                 and
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 oftner
                 advise
                 with
                 Astrologers
                 than
                 their
                 Counsellours
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 V.
                 
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Sciences
                 have
                 bitter
                 Roots
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Fruit
                 be
                 sweet
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 our
                 Nature
                 at
                 first
                 has
                 an
                 Aversion
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 labour
                 appears
                 so
                 harsh
                 as
                 what
                 must
                 be
                 employed
                 on
                 their
                 first
                 Rudiments
                 :
                 What
                 Pains
                 and
                 Anxiety
                 do
                 they
                 cost
                 Youth
                 ?
                 Upon
                 which
                 account
                 ▪
                 and
                 because
                 Studies
                 require
                 assiduous
                 Application
                 ,
                 a
                 thing
                 very
                 injurious
                 to
                 Health
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 the
                 Business
                 and
                 Diversions
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 don't
                 permit
                 ;
                 the
                 Master
                 should
                 be
                 industrious
                 in
                 inventing
                 several
                 means
                 to
                 qualify
                 this
                 troublesome
                 Institution
                 by
                 disguising
                 it
                 under
                 some
                 pleasant
                 Game
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince's
                 mind
                 may
                 imbibe
                 what
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 learn
                 insensibly
                 .
                 For
                 instance
                 ,
                 to
                 teach
                 him
                 to
                 read
                 he
                 may
                 use
                 this
                 contrivance
                 ;
                 let
                 there
                 be
                 made
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 small
                 Dice
                 ,
                 on
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 be
                 engraven
                 a
                 Letter
                 of
                 the
                 Alphabet
                 ,
                 then
                 let
                 some
                 Children
                 play
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 win
                 who
                 at
                 one
                 Cast
                 
                 throws
                 most
                 Syllables
                 ,
                 or
                 an
                 entire
                 Word
                 .
                 These
                 little
                 Victories
                 and
                 Entertainments
                 will
                 take
                 off
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 difficulty
                 of
                 this
                 Task
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 far
                 more
                 hard
                 to
                 play
                 at
                 Cards
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 however
                 Children
                 presently
                 learn.
                 Now
                 ,
                 to
                 teach
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 Write
                 in
                 a
                 way
                 as
                 short
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 the
                 Letters
                 engraven
                 of
                 a
                 thin
                 Plate
                 ,
                 this
                 put
                 upon
                 Paper
                 ,
                 and
                 him
                 to
                 go
                 over
                 these
                 Tracts
                 of
                 Characters
                 ,
                 as
                 so
                 many
                 little
                 Furrows
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Hand
                 and
                 Pen
                 ;
                 especially
                 exercising
                 himself
                 in
                 those
                 Letters
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 rest
                 are
                 framed
                 .
                 Thus
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 Attributes
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Wit
                 and
                 Industry
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 only
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 this
                 artificial
                 Plate
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 by
                 degrees
                 be
                 more
                 pleased
                 with
                 those
                 Labours
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 skill
                 in
                 Languages
                 less
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 ;
                 for
                 always
                 to
                 use
                 an
                 Interpreter
                 ,
                 or
                 read
                 only
                 Transactions
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 too
                 liable
                 to
                 deceit
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 the
                 truth
                 thereby
                 loses
                 much
                 of
                 its
                 Force
                 and
                 Energy
                 :
                 Not
                 to
                 mention
                 that
                 it
                 can't
                 but
                 be
                 very
                 hard
                 for
                 a
                 Subject
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 expect
                 Comfort
                 in
                 his
                 Afflictions
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 his
                 Miseries
                 relieved
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 gratified
                 for
                 his
                 Services
                 .
                 This
                 moved
                 the
                 Patriarch
                 Ioseph
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 made
                 Commander
                 over
                 Egypt
                 ;
                 before
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 apply
                 himself
                 to
                 learn
                 the
                 Languages
                 most
                 in
                 use
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 understand
                 1
                 .
                 What
                 Love
                 and
                 Esteem
                 does
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Third's
                 Skill
                 in
                 Languages
                 procured
                 him
                 ,
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 answer
                 every
                 one
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Native
                 Idiom
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 instructed
                 in
                 this
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Precepts
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 confound
                 the
                 Memory
                 ;
                 but
                 rather
                 great
                 Persons
                 Sons
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Countries
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 into
                 his
                 Family
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 familiar
                 Conversation
                 he
                 may
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 Months
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Pains
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Diversion
                 ,
                 make
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Proficiency
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Language
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 he
                 may
                 also
                 know
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Geography
                 and
                 Cosmography
                 ,
                 (
                 without
                 which
                 Policy
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 blind
                 )
                 
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 amiss
                 to
                 furnish
                 and
                 hang
                 his
                 Chamber
                 with
                 Tapistry
                 so
                 artificial
                 wrought
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 represent
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 General
                 Description
                 or
                 Map
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 Four
                 Quarters
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 Remarkable
                 Countries
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 celebrated
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 place
                 of
                 Note
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 same
                 contrivance
                 may
                 the
                 Lakes
                 be
                 disposed
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 fancy
                 he
                 sees
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 your
                 Sea-Charts
                 ,
                 the
                 Situation
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Sea
                 ,
                 its
                 Ports
                 and
                 Islands
                 .
                 In
                 Globes
                 and
                 Mathematical
                 Spheres
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 see
                 the
                 Extent
                 of
                 both
                 Hemispheres
                 ,
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Heavens
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Course
                 ,
                 its
                 Rising
                 and
                 Setting
                 ,
                 the
                 Vicissitude
                 of
                 Days
                 and
                 Nights
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 this
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Discourse
                 and
                 Divertisement
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 Mathematicians
                 subtle
                 way
                 of
                 arguing
                 and
                 demonstrating
                 to
                 the
                 Schools
                 .
                 It
                 will
                 suffice
                 in
                 Geometry
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 Measure
                 distances
                 ,
                 take
                 Altitudes
                 and
                 Depths
                 with
                 Instruments
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 withal
                 necessary
                 that
                 he
                 learn
                 Fortification
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 for
                 Instructions
                 sake
                 may
                 raise
                 Forts
                 of
                 Clay
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 such
                 material
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trenches
                 ,
                 Breast-works
                 ,
                 Pallisadoes
                 ,
                 Bastions
                 ,
                 Half
                 Moons
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 then
                 he
                 may
                 Assault
                 and
                 play
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 little
                 Artillery
                 made
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 fix
                 those
                 Figures
                 of
                 Fortification
                 more
                 firmly
                 in
                 his
                 Memory
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 for
                 his
                 advantage
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 like
                 artificially
                 contrived
                 in
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 cut
                 in
                 Myrtle
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Greens
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 ought
                 a
                 Prince
                 be
                 ignorant
                 how
                 to
                 Marshal
                 an
                 Army
                 ;
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 let
                 him
                 have
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 Foot
                 and
                 Horse
                 ,
                 Cast
                 in
                 Metal
                 ;
                 of
                 these
                 he
                 may
                 Compose
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 distribute
                 them
                 into
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 Troops
                 ;
                 Companies
                 ,
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 some
                 Model
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 may
                 have
                 before
                 him
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 Plays
                 ought
                 always
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 afterwards
                 practised
                 with
                 more
                 seriousness
                 2
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 will
                 insensibly
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 trouble
                 take
                 to
                 these
                 Arts
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 Reason
                 is
                 risen
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 be
                 more
                 capable
                 of
                 a
                 perfect
                 knowledge
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 Conversation
                 of
                 Men
                 of
                 Learning
                 3
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 particularly
                 as
                 have
                 been
                 conversant
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 exercised
                 in
                 Affairs
                 both
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 discover
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Causes
                 and
                 Effects
                 of
                 each
                 particular
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 is
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 more
                 useful
                 ,
                 easier
                 acquired
                 ,
                 and
                 fatigues
                 the
                 mind
                 least
                 4
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 no
                 one
                 look
                 on
                 these
                 Exercises
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 no
                 consequence
                 in
                 Education
                 of
                 Kings
                 and
                 Princes
                 Children
                 ;
                 for
                 Experience
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 Mistress
                 ,
                 teaches
                 us
                 ,
                 That
                 Boys
                 learn
                 many
                 things
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 attained
                 by
                 the
                 Instruction
                 of
                 a
                 Master
                 without
                 much
                 difficulty
                 ▪
                 Much
                 less
                 should
                 any
                 imagine
                 that
                 the
                 variety
                 of
                 these
                 methods
                 rather
                 prejudices
                 than
                 promotes
                 Education
                 .
                 If
                 to
                 tame
                 and
                 master
                 an
                 Horse
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 Instruments
                 are
                 necessary
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Bit
                 ,
                 Bridle
                 ,
                 Rains
                 ,
                 Barnacle
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 too
                 of
                 different
                 sorts
                 ;
                 if
                 so
                 many
                 Precepts
                 are
                 needful
                 as
                 have
                 been
                 written
                 upon
                 this
                 Subject
                 ,
                 what
                 Care
                 and
                 Industry
                 shall
                 we
                 think
                 sufficient
                 to
                 form
                 a
                 perfect
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 Command
                 the
                 ignorant
                 Vulgar
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Sciences
                 ?
                 To
                 govern
                 Men
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 Gift
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 of
                 Experience
                 and
                 Speculation
                 ;
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Arts
                 ,
                 the
                 Science
                 of
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 never
                 any
                 one
                 will
                 attain
                 the
                 Perfection
                 5
                 .
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 ignorant
                 ,
                 Sir
                 ,
                 the
                 Person
                 your
                 Highness
                 has
                 for
                 a
                 Master
                 ,
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 happiness
                 of
                 our
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 so
                 well
                 furnished
                 with
                 these
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 can't
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 bring
                 your
                 Highness
                 to
                 a
                 considerable
                 Perfection
                 in
                 them
                 :
                 However
                 these
                 Advertisements
                 ,
                 I
                 could
                 not
                 omit
                 pursuing
                 my
                 design
                 in
                 this
                 Treatise
                 to
                 be
                 beneficial
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 possible
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 your
                 Highness
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 other
                 Princes
                 now
                 and
                 hereafter
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 VI.
                 
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 heavenly
                 Bridegroom
                 has
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 this
                 Emblem
                 in
                 the
                 Book
                 of
                 Canticles
                 to
                 express
                 the
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 his
                 Brides
                 Virtues
                 1
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 the
                 Lilies
                 that
                 crowned
                 and
                 perfected
                 the
                 Pillars
                 of
                 
                 Solomon's
                 Temple
                 ,
                 seem
                 to
                 allude
                 to
                 2
                 ,
                 as
                 do
                 those
                 which
                 beautified
                 the
                 Candlestick
                 of
                 the
                 Tabernacle
                 3
                 .
                 This
                 put
                 me
                 upon
                 designing
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 to
                 represent
                 by
                 the
                 Wheat
                 ,
                 the
                 Sciences
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 Lilies
                 ,
                 the
                 Arts
                 and
                 polite
                 Learning
                 which
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 graced
                 with
                 .
                 Nor
                 am
                 I
                 without
                 Precedent
                 or
                 Authority
                 ,
                 for
                 Procopius
                 long
                 ago
                 by
                 Ears
                 of
                 Corn
                 understood
                 Disciples
                 
                 4
                 ,
                 as
                 our
                 Bridgroom
                 by
                 Lilies
                 ,
                 Eloquence
                 5
                 .
                 In
                 effect
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 Polite
                 Learning
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Crown
                 of
                 the
                 Sciences
                 ?
                 Cassiodorus
                 calls
                 it
                 the
                 Diadem
                 of
                 Princes
                 6
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Hebrews
                 used
                 to
                 crown
                 some
                 parts
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 Garlands
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 I
                 take
                 to
                 be
                 signified
                 by
                 the
                 Poets
                 Lawrels
                 .
                 The
                 Hoods
                 ,
                 and
                 Girdles
                 ,
                 and
                 coloured
                 Silken
                 Tufts
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Hebrew
                 Doctors
                 were
                 distinguished
                 .
                 The
                 Sciences
                 should
                 possess
                 the
                 Center
                 of
                 the
                 Soul
                 ;
                 gentile
                 Learning
                 be
                 instead
                 of
                 a
                 circumference
                 ;
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 one
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 ignorance
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 with
                 the
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 the
                 Nine
                 Muses
                 ,
                 who
                 joyning
                 hands
                 ,
                 make
                 a
                 Circle
                 in
                 their
                 Dances
                 .
                 How
                 tiresome
                 a
                 thing
                 is
                 Philosophy
                 if
                 too
                 severe
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 qualified
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 agreeable
                 by
                 Polite
                 Literature
                 and
                 Humanity
                 ?
                 These
                 are
                 therefore
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 temper
                 the
                 harshness
                 of
                 Government
                 with
                 their
                 pleasantness
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 from
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Humane
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 altogether
                 singular
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 something
                 common
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ;
                 he
                 should
                 discourse
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 different
                 sorts
                 of
                 Studies
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 a
                 courteous
                 and
                 obliging
                 Carriage
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 Royal
                 Grandeur
                 which
                 confounds
                 us
                 ,
                 but
                 extravagant
                 indiscreet
                 Gravity
                 ;
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 Light
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 extream
                 Driness
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 that
                 dazles
                 our
                 Eyes
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 therefore
                 very
                 proper
                 that
                 Political
                 Science
                 be
                 deckt
                 and
                 embellished
                 with
                 the
                 Liberal
                 Arts
                 ,
                 which
                 cast
                 as
                 great
                 a
                 Lustre
                 as
                 Rubies
                 in
                 a
                 Crown
                 ,
                 or
                 Diamonds
                 in
                 a
                 Ring
                 .
                 Nor
                 do
                 such
                 Arts
                 sit
                 amiss
                 upon
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 as
                 require
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Hand
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Mind
                 ;
                 nor
                 will
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 derogate
                 from
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Authority
                 ,
                 or
                 obstruct
                 his
                 Management
                 of
                 Publick
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 to
                 allow
                 him
                 some
                 intervals
                 of
                 leisure
                 for
                 his
                 Diversion
                 7
                 :
                 Thus
                 
                   Mark
                   Anthony
                
                 took
                 a
                 delight
                 in
                 Painting
                 ;
                 Maximilion
                 
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 in
                 Sculpture
                 ;
                 Theobald
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Navarre
                 ,
                 in
                 Poetry
                 and
                 Musick
                 ;
                 with
                 which
                 last
                 Philip
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 the
                 present
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness's
                 Father
                 ,
                 diverts
                 himself
                 as
                 oft
                 as
                 disingaged
                 from
                 the
                 Cares
                 and
                 Concern
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 two
                 Worlds
                 oblige
                 him
                 to
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Exercise
                 the
                 Spartans
                 too
                 instructed
                 their
                 Youth
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 general
                 all
                 of
                 this
                 Nature
                 are
                 recommended
                 by
                 Plato
                 and
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 as
                 very
                 beneficial
                 to
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 the
                 Mind
                 should
                 not
                 repose
                 its
                 whole
                 satisfaction
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 Policy
                 however
                 requires
                 a
                 Prince
                 sometimes
                 to
                 use
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 being
                 strangely
                 pleased
                 to
                 see
                 their
                 Prince's
                 thoughts
                 thus
                 diverted
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 always
                 intent
                 on
                 the
                 contriving
                 their
                 Slavery
                 ;
                 't
                 was
                 on
                 this
                 account
                 
                 Drusus's
                 Debaucheries
                 were
                 acceptable
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 8
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 only
                 two
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 in
                 the
                 Use
                 and
                 Exercise
                 of
                 these
                 Arts
                 ;
                 one
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 practised
                 not
                 in
                 publick
                 but
                 privately
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                   Alexander
                   Severus
                
                 used
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 though
                 excelled
                 by
                 none
                 in
                 Musick
                 ,
                 whether
                 Vocal
                 or
                 Instrumental
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 think
                 it
                 a
                 contemptible
                 sight
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Hand
                 which
                 bears
                 a
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 and
                 Rules
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 filled
                 with
                 a
                 Fiddle-stick
                 or
                 a
                 Pencil
                 ;
                 which
                 we
                 still
                 look
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 greater
                 fault
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 of
                 an
                 Age
                 ,
                 wherein
                 one
                 would
                 think
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 ought
                 to
                 take
                 him
                 off
                 these
                 private
                 Pastimes
                 :
                 It
                 being
                 our
                 Nature
                 not
                 to
                 accuse
                 a
                 Prince
                 of
                 loss
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 's
                 idle
                 or
                 does
                 nothing
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 blame
                 him
                 for
                 spending
                 it
                 at
                 these
                 Diversions
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 Caution
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 lay
                 not
                 out
                 too
                 much
                 time
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 be
                 desirous
                 to
                 excel
                 others
                 9
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 take
                 more
                 pride
                 in
                 this
                 vain
                 excellency
                 than
                 in
                 well-governing
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 a
                 thing
                 Nero
                 was
                 guilty
                 of
                 ,
                 who
                 abandoned
                 
                 the
                 Reins
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 for
                 those
                 of
                 a
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 and
                 valued
                 himself
                 more
                 upon
                 acting
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Comedian
                 in
                 the
                 Theatre
                 than
                 of
                 an
                 Emperor
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 Abuse
                 which
                 Princes
                 sometimes
                 fall
                 into
                 by
                 having
                 a
                 greater
                 Esteem
                 for
                 these
                 Arts
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Science
                 of
                 good
                 Government
                 .
                 Virgil
                 elegantly
                 Censures
                 in
                 these
                 Verses
                 :
                 
                   
                     Let
                     others
                     better
                     Mold
                     the
                     running
                     Mass
                  
                   
                     Of
                     Metals
                     ,
                     and
                     inform
                     the
                     breathing
                     Brass
                     ,
                  
                   
                     And
                     soften
                     into
                     Fl●sh
                     a
                     marble
                     Face
                     .
                  
                   
                     Plead
                     better
                     at
                     the
                     Bar
                     ,
                     describe
                     the
                     Skies
                     ,
                  
                   
                     And
                     when
                     the
                     Stars
                     descend
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     they
                     rise
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     Rome
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     thine
                     alone
                     ,
                     with
                     awful
                     sway
                     ,
                  
                   
                     To
                     rule
                     Mankind
                     ,
                     and
                     make
                     the
                     World
                     obey
                     ;
                  
                   
                     Disposing
                     Peace
                     and
                     War
                     thine
                     own
                     Majestick
                     way
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     tame
                     the
                     Proud
                     ,
                     the
                     fetter'd
                     Slave
                     to
                     free
                     ,
                  
                   
                     These
                     are
                     Imperial
                     Arts
                     ,
                     and
                     worthy
                     thee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                     Dryden's
                     Virg.
                     
                  
                
                 As
                 for
                 Poetry
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 Musick
                 ,
                 Accents
                 and
                 Rhimes
                 having
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 in
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 Notes
                 in
                 in
                 this
                 ;
                 though
                 that
                 be
                 the
                 far
                 nobler
                 Exercise
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 Hands
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 .
                 The
                 one
                 designed
                 meerly
                 to
                 divert
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 instruct
                 with
                 Diversion
                 ;
                 notwithstanding
                 it
                 seems
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 proper
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 strange
                 Sweetness
                 being
                 a
                 great
                 obstacle
                 to
                 Masculine
                 and
                 Noble
                 Actions
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 Mind
                 is
                 once
                 captivated
                 with
                 the
                 Charms
                 of
                 its
                 Thoughts
                 and
                 Conceptions
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Nightingal
                 with
                 the
                 Melody
                 of
                 her
                 Voice
                 ,
                 it
                 never
                 leaves
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 grows
                 so
                 keen
                 with
                 Poetical
                 Niceties
                 ,
                 that
                 its
                 Edge
                 is
                 soon
                 turned
                 and
                 blunted
                 against
                 the
                 hard
                 and
                 rugged
                 Troubles
                 it
                 must
                 necessarily
                 meet
                 with
                 in
                 Government
                 10
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 also
                 follows
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 takes
                 not
                 the
                 
                 same
                 delight
                 in
                 Ruling
                 as
                 Composing
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 in
                 all
                 probability
                 least
                 regard
                 this
                 greatest
                 concern
                 ,
                 wholly
                 neglect
                 or
                 abandon
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 others
                 ;
                 as
                 did
                 John
                 II.
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 who
                 squandered
                 away
                 his
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 Study
                 of
                 Poetry
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 Persons
                 eminent
                 for
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 remotest
                 Countries
                 ,
                 till
                 his
                 Subjects
                 tired
                 with
                 his
                 Negligence
                 ,
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 this
                 useless
                 Diversion
                 of
                 his
                 by
                 an
                 open
                 Rebellion
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 since
                 Poetry
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 Vogue
                 at
                 Courts
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 much
                 refine
                 and
                 polish
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 will
                 hardly
                 escape
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 have
                 not
                 some
                 smattering
                 in
                 't
                 .
                 He
                 may
                 therefore
                 be
                 allow'd
                 some
                 time
                 for
                 that
                 Study
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 quicken
                 his
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 improve
                 his
                 Judgment
                 ;
                 for
                 how
                 many
                 excellent
                 Poems
                 have
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 Pens
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 govern'd
                 in
                 Church
                 and
                 State
                 ,
                 with
                 general
                 Applause
                 and
                 Approbation
                 ?
                 There
                 are
                 abundance
                 of
                 Princes
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 practice
                 of
                 Chymistry
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 indeed
                 a
                 very
                 noble
                 Diversion
                 ,
                 and
                 discovers
                 many
                 wonderful
                 Effects
                 and
                 Secrets
                 of
                 Nature
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 advise
                 a
                 Prince
                 not
                 to
                 meddle
                 with
                 it
                 11
                 ,
                 for
                 Curiosity
                 will
                 easily
                 lead
                 him
                 from
                 thence
                 to
                 Alchymy
                 ;
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pretext
                 of
                 Simple
                 Distillation
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 have
                 a
                 fancy
                 to
                 six
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ;
                 things
                 which
                 the
                 most
                 precious
                 of
                 our
                 time
                 is
                 thrown
                 away
                 upon
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 certain
                 ,
                 wasted
                 for
                 uncertain
                 Treasures
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 Phrenzy
                 ,
                 that
                 nought
                 but
                 Death
                 can
                 cure
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 one
                 Experiment
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 consider
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 to
                 find
                 a
                 better
                 Philosopher's
                 Stone
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 prudent
                 Oeconomy
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 not
                 of
                 Chymistry
                 ,
                 this
                 Sentence
                 of
                 Solomon
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 ,
                 [
                 
                   That
                   nothing
                   is
                   richer
                   than
                   Wisdom
                
                 ]
                 12
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 by
                 this
                 kind
                 of
                 Traffick
                 
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Tarsis
                 and
                 Ophir
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 Solomon
                 got
                 his
                 vast
                 Riches
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 prepared
                 so
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Fleets
                 ,
                 exposed
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Hazards
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 have
                 saved
                 the
                 labour
                 with
                 a
                 Crucible
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 likely
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 could
                 speak
                 well
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 13
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 endued
                 by
                 God
                 with
                 a
                 Supernatural
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 should
                 never
                 find
                 out
                 this
                 Secret
                 also
                 ,
                 or
                 actually
                 have
                 used
                 it
                 ,
                 had
                 it
                 been
                 feasible
                 ?
                 Besides
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 credible
                 that
                 God
                 will
                 ever
                 permit
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 thereby
                 in
                 probability
                 an
                 end
                 would
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 all
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 nothing
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 a
                 Species
                 of
                 Money
                 common
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 made
                 of
                 some
                 scarce
                 and
                 precious
                 Metal
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 VII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Affections
                 are
                 born
                 with
                 us
                 ;
                 Reason
                 comes
                 not
                 till
                 many
                 Years
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 already
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 deluded
                 with
                 a
                 false
                 appearance
                 of
                 good
                 submits
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 owns
                 no
                 other
                 Empire
                 but
                 theirs
                 ,
                 till
                 Reason
                 recovering
                 strength
                 by
                 Time
                 and
                 Experience
                 ,
                 takes
                 upon
                 it
                 the
                 Right
                 of
                 Government
                 it
                 had
                 by
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 begins
                 to
                 make
                 Head
                 against
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 our
                 Appetites
                 .
                 This
                 Light
                 usually
                 rises
                 later
                 in
                 Princes
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Delicacies
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 which
                 they
                 're
                 used
                 to
                 ,
                 render
                 their
                 Affections
                 more
                 prevailing
                 ;
                 besides
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Courtiers
                 strive
                 generally
                 to
                 get
                 their
                 Favour
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 know
                 ,
                 rather
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 Will
                 than
                 Reason
                 ;
                 hence
                 all
                 use
                 the
                 art
                 of
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 engage
                 that
                 ,
                 but
                 cast
                 a
                 Cloud
                 on
                 this
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 these
                 Arti●ices
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 arm
                 himself
                 not
                 against
                 his
                 own
                 Passions
                 only
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 such
                 Persons
                 as
                 would
                 abuse
                 them
                 to
                 govern
                 him
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 general
                 Negligence
                 in
                 those
                 who
                 undertake
                 to
                 form
                 Princes
                 Minds
                 .
                 Useless
                 and
                 unfruitful
                 Weeds
                 which
                 grow
                 among
                 Corn
                 ,
                 we
                 spend
                 time
                 in
                 ●●adicating
                 ;
                 yet
                 suffer
                 vicious
                 Passions
                 and
                 Inclinations
                 ,
                 that
                 wage
                 War
                 with
                 Reason
                 ,
                 to
                 grow
                 .
                 To
                 cure
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Body
                 ,
                 many
                 Galens
                 are
                 always
                 ready
                 ,
                 the
                 Mind
                 often
                 has
                 scarce
                 one
                 Epictetus
                 ;
                 though
                 this
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 no
                 less
                 Infirmities
                 than
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 so
                 much
                 worse
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 is
                 more
                 excellent
                 than
                 this
                 .
                 If
                 its
                 countenance
                 were
                 visible
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 could
                 discover
                 in
                 it
                 its
                 ill
                 and
                 distempered
                 Affections
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 pity
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 we
                 at
                 present
                 take
                 for
                 happy
                 Men
                 ,
                 whom
                 that
                 feverish
                 Heat
                 of
                 depraved
                 Appetites
                 so
                 miserably
                 preys
                 upon
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 Tyrants
                 could
                 be
                 opened
                 ,
                 one
                 might
                 see
                 Bruises
                 and
                 Wounds
                 1
                 .
                 Alas
                 !
                 What
                 Tempests
                 of
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Distraction
                 is
                 a
                 Mind
                 in
                 that
                 Condition
                 rack'd
                 with
                 ?
                 It
                 s
                 Light
                 is
                 all
                 obscured
                 ,
                 his
                 Reason
                 so
                 disturbed
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 things
                 appear
                 to
                 him
                 far
                 different
                 from
                 what
                 they
                 really
                 in
                 themselves
                 are
                 .
                 Hence
                 proceeds
                 that
                 variety
                 of
                 Judgments
                 and
                 Opinions
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 hence
                 few
                 weigh
                 things
                 aright
                 ,
                 but
                 pass
                 a
                 different
                 estimate
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 light
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 see
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 with
                 the
                 Affections
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 Tellescopes
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 one
                 end
                 magnify
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 other
                 diminish
                 Objects
                 .
                 The
                 Crystals
                 are
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 the
                 Objects
                 nothing
                 alter'd
                 ;
                 this
                 only
                 is
                 the
                 difference
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 visual
                 Rays
                 falling
                 in●
                 at
                 one
                 end
                 ,
                 are
                 dilated
                 from
                 the
                 Center
                 to
                 the
                 Circumference
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 diffuse
                 themselves
                 and
                 multiply
                 more
                 ;
                 whereas
                 at
                 the
                 other
                 end
                 they
                 are
                 contracted
                 from
                 the
                 Circumference
                 to
                 the
                 Center
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 represent
                 Objects
                 considerably
                 less
                 :
                 Such
                 is
                 the
                 difference
                 between
                 these
                 two
                 ways
                 of
                 looking
                 upon
                 things
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 (
                 tho'
                 
                 in
                 different
                 Kingdoms
                 )
                 the
                 two
                 Infants
                 ,
                 Iames
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Iames
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ;
                 and
                 Alphons●
                 Son
                 of
                 Dionysio
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 had
                 in
                 view
                 the
                 Succession
                 of
                 their
                 Fathers
                 Crown
                 .
                 But
                 see
                 in
                 how
                 different
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 against
                 his
                 Father's
                 Will
                 refused
                 to
                 accept
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Piety
                 ,
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 attempted
                 to
                 snatch
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 his
                 .
                 One
                 considering
                 the
                 vast
                 Cares
                 and
                 Dangers
                 of
                 Government
                 ▪
                 bid
                 adieu
                 to
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 preferr'd
                 a
                 Monastick
                 Life
                 as
                 the
                 more
                 quiet
                 and
                 happy
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 look'd
                 upon
                 Life
                 without
                 Sovereignty
                 to
                 be
                 burthensome
                 and
                 unprofitable
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 more
                 respect
                 to
                 his
                 Ambition
                 than
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Nature
                 .
                 This
                 look'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Circumference
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 which
                 border'd
                 with
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 was
                 an
                 agreeable
                 sight
                 ;
                 that
                 consider'd
                 rather
                 the
                 Point
                 and
                 Center
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 Lines
                 of
                 Labour
                 and
                 Care
                 are
                 drawn
                 .
                 All
                 Men
                 propose
                 something
                 that
                 has
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 good
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 their
                 Actions
                 2
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 we
                 are
                 deceived
                 in
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 this
                 Good
                 ,
                 hence
                 proceeds
                 our
                 Error
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 thing
                 imaginable
                 when
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 Power
                 appears
                 little
                 and
                 inconsiderable
                 ,
                 in
                 others
                 great
                 and
                 magnificent
                 .
                 Our
                 own
                 Faults
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 sensible
                 of
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 others
                 we
                 easily
                 discover
                 .
                 Other
                 Mens
                 defects
                 seem
                 like
                 Giants
                 ,
                 ours
                 scarce
                 so
                 big
                 as
                 Dwarfs
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 further
                 ,
                 we
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 new-name
                 Vices
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 them
                 the
                 Colour
                 of
                 Virtue
                 :
                 Ambition
                 we
                 call
                 greatness
                 of
                 Mind
                 ;
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 Justice
                 ;
                 Prodigality
                 ,
                 Liberality
                 ;
                 Rashness
                 ,
                 Valour
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 few
                 can
                 with
                 Prudence
                 distinguish
                 Honesty
                 from
                 its
                 contrary
                 ,
                 what
                 's
                 profitable
                 from
                 the
                 prejudicial
                 3
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 thus
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 deceived
                 when
                 we
                 look
                 on
                 things
                 by
                 that
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Prospective
                 ,
                 which
                 Passions
                 and
                 Inclinations
                 stop
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 nothing
                 but
                 Benefits
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 looked
                 upon
                 through
                 both
                 ends
                 ;
                 those
                 we
                 receive
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 appear
                 great
                 to
                 us
                 ;
                 those
                 
                 we
                 confer
                 ,
                 little
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth's
                 Custom
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 he
                 seldom
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 remembred
                 Kindnesses
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 others
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 those
                 he
                 had
                 received
                 ,
                 he
                 never
                 let
                 slip
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Memory
                 ,
                 being
                 always
                 careful
                 the
                 first
                 opportunity
                 to
                 repay
                 them
                 as
                 a
                 Debt
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 imagine
                 that
                 a
                 Courtesy
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 a
                 Mark
                 of
                 Slavery
                 on
                 the
                 Person
                 gratified
                 :
                 I
                 should
                 not
                 call
                 that
                 Generosity
                 but
                 Tyranny
                 rather
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Traffick
                 for
                 Mens
                 Affections
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Prince
                 buys
                 at
                 the
                 price
                 of
                 Favours
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 Slaves
                 for
                 Money
                 on
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Guinea
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 does
                 a
                 good
                 Office
                 should
                 not
                 think
                 he
                 lays
                 an
                 Obligation
                 ;
                 he
                 who
                 receives
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 think
                 himself
                 obliged
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 A
                 Prince
                 should
                 imitate
                 God
                 Almighty
                 ,
                 
                   who
                   giveth
                   to
                   all
                   Men
                   liberally
                   ,
                   and
                   upbraideth
                   not
                
                 4
                 .
                 In
                 undertaking
                 and
                 carrying
                 on
                 Wars
                 ;
                 in
                 procuring
                 and
                 establishing
                 Peace
                 ;
                 in
                 Injuries
                 as
                 well
                 offered
                 as
                 received
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 always
                 use
                 the
                 same
                 Crystal
                 of
                 right
                 Reason
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 he
                 may
                 see
                 every
                 thing
                 equally
                 without
                 disguise
                 or
                 ●allacy
                 .
                 That
                 Indifference
                 and
                 Justice
                 in
                 giving
                 a
                 due
                 Estimate
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 becomes
                 none
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 ought
                 to
                 perform
                 the
                 same
                 Office
                 in
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Tongue
                 of
                 a
                 Balance
                 in
                 a
                 pair
                 of
                 Scales
                 ,
                 and
                 agreeable
                 thereto
                 pass
                 a
                 true
                 and
                 sincere
                 Judgment
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Government
                 may
                 be
                 just
                 ,
                 whose
                 Balance
                 will
                 never
                 hang
                 even
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Passions
                 have
                 place
                 ,
                 or
                 all
                 things
                 be
                 not
                 weighed
                 in
                 the
                 Scale
                 of
                 right
                 Reason
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 account
                 Masters
                 ought
                 to
                 come
                 with
                 singular
                 Ca●e
                 and
                 Industry
                 to
                 instruct
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Mind
                 ,
                 discovering
                 those
                 Errors
                 of
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Vanity
                 of
                 its
                 Perswasions
                 ,
                 that
                 free
                 and
                 disengaged
                 from
                 Passion
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 pass
                 an
                 unprejudiced
                 Judgment
                 on
                 every
                 thing
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 really
                 if
                 we
                 throughly
                 examine
                 the
                 fall
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Empires
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 Revolutions
                 in
                 States
                 ,
                 such
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Kings
                 and
                 Princes
                 deposed
                 and
                 murthered
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 the
                 first
                 Origin
                 of
                 these
                 misfortunes
                 to
                 have
                 
                 been
                 ,
                 the
                 Passions
                 having
                 shaken
                 off
                 their
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 refusal
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 Reason
                 ,
                 whose
                 Subjects
                 they
                 are
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Nature
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 pestilent
                 to
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 than
                 those
                 irregular
                 Appetites
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 particular
                 Ends
                 which
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 pleases
                 ,
                 purposes
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 I
                 don't
                 hereby
                 contend
                 to
                 have
                 these
                 Passions
                 wholly
                 razed
                 or
                 extinguished
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 for
                 without
                 them
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 absolutely
                 incapable
                 of
                 any
                 generous
                 Action
                 ;
                 Nature
                 having
                 not
                 furnished
                 us
                 with
                 Love
                 ,
                 Anger
                 ,
                 Hope
                 ,
                 Fear
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 the
                 like
                 Affections
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 these
                 are
                 not
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 however
                 their
                 attendants
                 and
                 means
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 neither
                 attainable
                 nor
                 practicable
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 abuse
                 only
                 ,
                 and
                 inordinacy
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 I
                 disapprove
                 of
                 ;
                 those
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 corrected
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Actions
                 be
                 not
                 guided
                 by
                 Passion
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 whole
                 Government
                 by
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Policy
                 .
                 Those
                 things
                 which
                 are
                 common
                 to
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 allowable
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 5
                 .
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 he
                 would
                 indulge
                 Anger
                 or
                 Indignation
                 ,
                 did
                 it
                 in
                 private
                 and
                 remote
                 from
                 Company
                 ,
                 not
                 publickly
                 when
                 he
                 represented
                 the
                 Person
                 and
                 Majesty
                 of
                 an
                 Emperor
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 this
                 Capacity
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 rather
                 the
                 Idea
                 of
                 a
                 Governor
                 than
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 rather
                 his
                 Peoples
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 Man.
                 Nothing
                 is
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 determined
                 out
                 of
                 Affection
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 things
                 examined
                 by
                 the
                 Rule
                 and
                 Standard
                 of
                 Reason
                 ;
                 not
                 by
                 his
                 Inclination
                 ,
                 but
                 Art.
                 A
                 Prince's
                 Behaviour
                 should
                 be
                 rather
                 Political
                 than
                 Natural
                 ;
                 his
                 designs
                 proceed
                 rather
                 from
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 .
                 Private
                 Persons
                 usually
                 make
                 their
                 own
                 Interest
                 and
                 Advantage
                 the
                 Measure
                 of
                 their
                 Actions
                 :
                 Princes
                 are
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 in
                 view
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 private
                 Man
                 to
                 conceal
                 his
                 Passions
                 ,
                 is
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 too
                 close
                 and
                 reserv'd
                 a
                 Temper
                 ;
                 in
                 Princes
                 even
                 Policy
                 sometimes
                 require
                 it
                 .
                 There
                 appeared
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 
                 Symptom
                 of
                 Passion
                 in
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 when
                 Piso
                 presented
                 himself
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 after
                 having
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 order
                 ,
                 dispatched
                 Germanicus
                 ,
                 which
                 occasioned
                 no
                 small
                 Jealousy
                 in
                 Piso
                 6
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 Commands
                 many
                 ,
                 should
                 with
                 many
                 vary
                 his
                 Affections
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 possible
                 appear
                 free
                 from
                 them
                 7
                 ;
                 endeavour
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Hour
                 as
                 occasions
                 differ
                 ,
                 to
                 seem
                 Severe
                 and
                 Courteous
                 ,
                 Just
                 and
                 Merciful
                 ,
                 Liberal
                 and
                 Frugal
                 8
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Master
                 9
                 of
                 this
                 Art
                 ,
                 whose
                 Mind
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 easy
                 to
                 discover
                 ;
                 he
                 knew
                 so
                 well
                 how
                 to
                 mingle
                 the
                 Symptoms
                 of
                 his
                 Anger
                 and
                 Satisfaction
                 .
                 A
                 good
                 Prince
                 commands
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 serves
                 his
                 People
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 neglect
                 to
                 break
                 ,
                 or
                 conceal
                 the
                 natural
                 Tendency
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 his
                 Actions
                 will
                 be
                 always
                 uniform
                 ,
                 whence
                 every
                 one
                 will
                 presently
                 see
                 the
                 Scope
                 of
                 his
                 Designs
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 Maxims
                 of
                 Policy
                 ;
                 which
                 for
                 this
                 very
                 reason
                 recommends
                 variety
                 of
                 Methods
                 in
                 Acting
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Designs
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 known
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 safe
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 let
                 others
                 discover
                 his
                 Nature
                 and
                 Inclinations
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 easier
                 access
                 to
                 his
                 Mind
                 than
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 he
                 keep
                 free
                 and
                 reserved
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 desire
                 to
                 have
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 well-governed
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 his
                 Ministers
                 have
                 once
                 discovered
                 his
                 Inclination
                 ,
                 immediately
                 they
                 flatter
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 encourage
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 themselves
                 .
                 If
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 obstinate
                 and
                 opinionative
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 too
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 nothing
                 but
                 perversness
                 governs
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 it
                 shall
                 be
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Interest
                 to
                 court
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Favour
                 and
                 Applause
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 rather
                 so
                 behave
                 himself
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 the
                 People
                 like
                 or
                 dislike
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 natural
                 Inclination
                 or
                 Aversion
                 for
                 .
                 Aristotle
                 puts
                 Bashfulness
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Passions
                 ,
                 denies
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Moral
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 because
                 a
                 fear
                 of
                 Infamy
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 therefore
                 seems
                 incompatible
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Man
                 ,
                 whose
                 Actions
                 being
                 all
                 squar'd
                 by
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 right
                 Reason
                 ,
                 he
                 has
                 nothing
                 to
                 be
                 ashamed
                 of
                 .
                 According
                 to
                 St.
                 Ambrose
                 ,
                 however
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 Virtue
                 which
                 regulates
                 our
                 Actions
                 10
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 I
                 conceive
                 ,
                 he
                 means
                 that
                 ingenuous
                 and
                 liberal
                 Shame
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 which
                 like
                 a
                 Bridle
                 restrains
                 us
                 from
                 the
                 Commission
                 of
                 any
                 ignominious
                 or
                 unseemly
                 Action
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 a
                 token
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Genius
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 small
                 argument
                 that
                 there
                 remain
                 in
                 that
                 mind
                 some
                 Seeds
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 yet
                 deeply
                 rooted
                 .
                 I
                 am
                 apt
                 to
                 believe
                 Aristotle
                 speaks
                 of
                 another
                 vitious
                 and
                 irregular
                 Bashfulness
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 obstacle
                 to
                 Virtue
                 ;
                 we
                 may
                 say
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 Dew
                 ,
                 which
                 falling
                 moderately
                 nourishes
                 and
                 refreshes
                 Corn
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 thick
                 like
                 small
                 Snow
                 ,
                 burns
                 up
                 and
                 kills
                 it
                 .
                 No
                 Virtue
                 can
                 be
                 freely
                 exercised
                 ,
                 when
                 this
                 Passion
                 has
                 once
                 prevailed
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 Pernicious
                 to
                 Princes
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 Candor
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 not
                 rather
                 of
                 a
                 mean
                 and
                 abject
                 Spirit
                 )
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 deny
                 ,
                 contradict
                 ,
                 reprehend
                 ,
                 or
                 correct
                 without
                 a
                 Blush
                 .
                 Such
                 as
                 these
                 straiten
                 themselves
                 too
                 much
                 in
                 their
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 afraid
                 of
                 Shadows
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 worse
                 ,
                 make
                 themselves
                 Slaves
                 to
                 those
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 govern
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 how
                 unbecoming
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 see
                 in
                 their
                 Faces
                 the
                 colour
                 of
                 Shame
                 ,
                 which
                 none
                 but
                 Flatterers
                 ,
                 Liars
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 all
                 profligate
                 Persons
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 stained
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 them
                 so
                 to
                 forget
                 themselves
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 governed
                 and
                 cozen'd
                 by
                 others
                 .
                 Whatever
                 is
                 asked
                 ,
                 they
                 voluntarily
                 offer
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 without
                 any
                 respect
                 to
                 Merit
                 ,
                 vanquished
                 meerly
                 by
                 Petitions
                 .
                 They
                 readily
                 subscribe
                 to
                 others
                 Counsels
                 and
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 don't
                 approve
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 rather
                 seem
                 Conquer'd
                 
                 than
                 Victors
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 foundation
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 Miscarriages
                 in
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 shamefacedness
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 becomes
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 always
                 appear
                 with
                 a
                 serene
                 and
                 steady
                 Aspect
                 11
                 .
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 should
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 whole
                 business
                 to
                 correct
                 this
                 Passion
                 ,
                 and
                 moderate
                 their
                 natural
                 Bashfulness
                 with
                 Valour
                 and
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Resolution
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 but
                 outward
                 Demeanour
                 to
                 resist
                 Flatteries
                 ,
                 Lyes
                 ,
                 Frauds
                 ,
                 and
                 Malice
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 correct
                 and
                 amend
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 preserve
                 a
                 Royal
                 Integrity
                 in
                 their
                 Words
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Actions
                 .
                 Which
                 the
                 Two
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 and
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 having
                 neglected
                 to
                 do
                 ;
                 what
                 wonder
                 if
                 their
                 Authority
                 and
                 Crowns
                 were
                 brought
                 into
                 such
                 dangers
                 ?
                 Farther
                 ,
                 in
                 curing
                 this
                 Passion
                 ,
                 no
                 small
                 Discretion
                 is
                 necessary
                 ;
                 for
                 whereas
                 other
                 Vices
                 ,
                 like
                 Thorns
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 utterly
                 extirpated
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 pruned
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 superfluity
                 cut
                 off
                 ;
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Shame
                 left
                 which
                 guards
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 and
                 regulates
                 Mens
                 Manners
                 and
                 Actions
                 ;
                 for
                 without
                 this
                 restraint
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Mind
                 will
                 be
                 quite
                 unruly
                 ;
                 and
                 except
                 he
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 reflects
                 upon
                 Infamy
                 and
                 Indecency
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 follow
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 his
                 Passions
                 ,
                 and
                 precipitate
                 himself
                 ;
                 especially
                 when
                 there
                 's
                 Power
                 to
                 countenance
                 them
                 .
                 If
                 by
                 good
                 Arts
                 modesty
                 is
                 scarce
                 to
                 be
                 preserved
                 ,
                 what
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 consequence
                 if
                 we
                 wholly
                 abandon
                 that
                 12
                 ?
                 'T
                 was
                 then
                 Tiberius
                 gave
                 himself
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Vice
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 cast
                 off
                 Shame
                 and
                 Fear
                 ,
                 and
                 followed
                 only
                 his
                 own
                 Humour
                 13
                 .
                 Hence
                 Plato
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 
                   if
                   at
                   any
                   time
                   apprehensive
                   of
                   the
                   Ruin
                   of
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   dispatch'd
                
                 Mercury
                 
                   for
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   to
                   distribute
                   Iustice
                   and
                   Modesty
                   among
                   M●n
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   they
                   might
                   prevent
                   their
                   Destruction
                   .
                
                 Commiseration
                 and
                 Pity
                 is
                 a
                 Passion
                 not
                 less
                 dangerous
                 in
                 Princes
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 once
                 prevailed
                 in
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 neither
                 Reason
                 nor
                 Justice
                 perform
                 their
                 Offices
                 .
                 For
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 extravagant
                 fear
                 of
                 disobliging
                 any
                 by
                 Reprehension
                 or
                 Correction
                 ,
                 they
                 neglect
                 to
                 apply
                 Remedies
                 to
                 their
                 Subjects
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer
                 many
                 to
                 go
                 unpunished
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 deaf
                 to
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Clamours
                 ,
                 nor
                 do
                 Publick
                 Calamities
                 affect
                 them
                 ,
                 while
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 they
                 are
                 sensibly
                 touch'd
                 with
                 pity
                 for
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Men
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 Promoters
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 feel
                 themselves
                 disordered
                 at
                 other
                 Mens
                 Crimes
                 ;
                 and
                 accordingly
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 any
                 trouble
                 upon
                 their
                 account
                 ,
                 chuse
                 to
                 connive
                 at
                 ,
                 or
                 pardon
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 punish
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 weakness
                 of
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 and
                 defect
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 remedied
                 with
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Moderation
                 as
                 we
                 mentioned
                 of
                 Bashfulness
                 ,
                 that
                 part
                 only
                 of
                 Commiseration
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 retrenched
                 which
                 so
                 enfeebles
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 can't
                 act
                 with
                 Vigour
                 and
                 Constancy
                 .
                 Reserving
                 that
                 compassionate
                 Affection
                 peculiar
                 to
                 Princes
                 14
                 where
                 right
                 Reason
                 ,
                 without
                 hazarding
                 the
                 publick
                 Security
                 ,
                 perswades
                 .
                 Both
                 these
                 Passions
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 that
                 of
                 Bashfulness
                 ,
                 as
                 Commiseration
                 ,
                 are
                 corrigible
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 subdued
                 by
                 some
                 contrary
                 Actions
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 remove
                 that
                 too
                 great
                 tenderness
                 and
                 imbecillity
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 delivering
                 it
                 from
                 those
                 servile
                 Fears
                 ,
                 render
                 it
                 capable
                 of
                 more
                 masculine
                 Actions
                 .
                 If
                 a
                 Prince
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 endeavours
                 (
                 though
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 the
                 least
                 consequence
                 )
                 to
                 keep
                 his
                 Mind
                 firm
                 and
                 resolute
                 ,
                 and
                 considers
                 his
                 Power
                 and
                 Quality
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 easily
                 afterwards
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 Affairs
                 of
                 greater
                 moment
                 .
                 All
                 's
                 done
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 can
                 but
                 once
                 acquit
                 himself
                 generously
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 himself
                 fear●d
                 and
                 respected
                 .
                 There
                 remain
                 two
                 other
                 Passions
                 considerably
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 Youth
                 ;
                 Fear
                 and
                 Obstinacy
                 .
                 Fear
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 so
                 timorous
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 diffident
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 dares
                 neither
                 act
                 nor
                 speak
                 .
                 Never
                 approves
                 any
                 Action
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ●ears
                 to
                 appear
                 in
                 publick
                 ,
                 and
                 Love
                 's
                 rather
                 solitude
                 
                 and
                 retirement
                 .
                 This
                 proceeds
                 generally
                 from
                 an
                 effeminate
                 and
                 retired
                 Education
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Experience
                 ,
                 the
                 only
                 Remedy
                 for
                 this
                 Distemper
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 use
                 himself
                 to
                 give
                 Audience
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Foreigners
                 ;
                 often
                 appear
                 in
                 Publick
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 learn
                 to
                 know
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 general
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 as
                 in
                 themselves
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 not
                 as
                 his
                 Imagination
                 ,
                 or
                 Master
                 has
                 painted
                 them
                 .
                 Let
                 there
                 be
                 always
                 free
                 access
                 to
                 his
                 Apartments
                 for
                 those
                 worthy
                 Persons
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 his
                 Father's
                 Chamberlains
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Courtiers
                 that
                 are
                 eminent
                 for
                 Valour
                 ,
                 Ingenuity
                 ,
                 and
                 Experience
                 .
                 Which
                 Custom
                 was
                 observed
                 in
                 Spain
                 till
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 who
                 cautious
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 
                 Charles's
                 underhand-dealings
                 ,
                 abolished
                 that
                 Custom
                 of
                 free
                 Access
                 and
                 Communication
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 declining
                 one
                 Inconvenience
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 another
                 equally
                 dangerous
                 to
                 Princes
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 much
                 abstracted
                 from
                 Conversation
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 usually
                 prompts
                 them
                 to
                 rely
                 too
                 much
                 upon
                 some
                 particular
                 Favourite
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Obstinacy
                 arises
                 partly
                 from
                 Fear
                 ,
                 partly
                 from
                 natural
                 Slothfulness
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Prince
                 won't
                 Act
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 resolutely
                 rejects
                 all
                 Instructions
                 that
                 are
                 given
                 him
                 .
                 That
                 Coldness
                 of
                 Mind
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 cured
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 of
                 Glory
                 and
                 Incentives
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 faults
                 in
                 Horses
                 are
                 usually
                 corrected
                 by
                 the
                 Spur.
                 The
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 gradually
                 into
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Progress
                 he
                 makes
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 ;
                 though
                 at
                 first
                 those
                 Commendations
                 be
                 above
                 his
                 merit
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 for
                 forms
                 sake
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 VIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 Unicorn
                 Nature
                 hath
                 shewn
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 admirable
                 Skill
                 and
                 Providence
                 ,
                 in
                 placing
                 Anger
                 's
                 Weapon
                 exactly
                 between
                 the
                 Eyes
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 to
                 have
                 both
                 Eyes
                 intent
                 upon
                 that
                 Passion
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 imperiously
                 tyrannizes
                 over
                 our
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Flame
                 that
                 lights
                 it
                 ,
                 blinds
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 differenced
                 only
                 by
                 its
                 short
                 continuance
                 from
                 Fury
                 and
                 Madness
                 .
                 A
                 Man
                 in
                 a
                 Passion
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 same
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 is
                 thereby
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 put
                 beside
                 himself
                 1
                 .
                 Valour
                 has
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 what
                 were
                 more
                 silly
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 this
                 to
                 require
                 Aid
                 from
                 Anger
                 ,
                 a
                 thing
                 stable
                 from
                 one
                 inconstant
                 ,
                 faithful
                 from
                 one
                 false
                 ,
                 sound
                 from
                 one
                 diseased
                 2
                 ?
                 
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 this
                 fickle
                 pettish
                 Passion
                 obtains
                 Victories
                 ,
                 triumphs
                 over
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 that
                 really
                 Courage
                 that
                 is
                 without
                 Reason
                 provoked
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 no
                 Vice
                 is
                 more
                 unbecoming
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 be
                 angry
                 ,
                 supposes
                 contempt
                 ,
                 or
                 an
                 injury
                 received
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 any
                 thing
                 so
                 disagreable
                 to
                 his
                 Place
                 and
                 Office
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 nothing
                 so
                 obscures
                 the
                 Judgment
                 which
                 should
                 in
                 a
                 Governor
                 be
                 serene
                 and
                 clear
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 that
                 is
                 exasperated
                 ,
                 and
                 passionate
                 upon
                 any
                 slight
                 occasion
                 ,
                 gives
                 his
                 Heart
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 who
                 provokes
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 his
                 pleasure
                 .
                 If
                 not
                 a
                 wrinkle
                 in
                 a
                 King's
                 Coat
                 can
                 be
                 disordered
                 without
                 offence
                 ,
                 what
                 will
                 it
                 be
                 if
                 he
                 suffer
                 any
                 one
                 to
                 disturb
                 his
                 Mind
                 ?
                 Anger
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Moth
                 which
                 Purple
                 breeds
                 and
                 nourishes
                 .
                 Pomp
                 engenders
                 Pride
                 ;
                 Pride
                 ,
                 Passion
                 ;
                 and
                 Impatience
                 is
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 Propriety
                 of
                 Power
                 .
                 The
                 Sense
                 of
                 Princes
                 is
                 something
                 too
                 delicate
                 a
                 Looking
                 Glass
                 which
                 the
                 least
                 breath
                 sullies
                 ,
                 a
                 Heaven
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 least
                 Vapour
                 is
                 clouded
                 and
                 breaks
                 out
                 into
                 Thunder
                 .
                 A
                 Vice
                 that
                 generally
                 seizes
                 great
                 and
                 generous
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 however
                 vast
                 and
                 powerful
                 ,
                 is
                 with
                 the
                 least
                 blast
                 of
                 Wind
                 raised
                 into
                 horrid
                 Disorders
                 and
                 Tempests
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 only
                 difference
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 much
                 longer
                 continuance
                 in
                 Princes
                 Minds
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 especially
                 if
                 their
                 Honour
                 be
                 concerned
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 imagine
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 to
                 retrieve
                 without
                 Revenge
                 .
                 What
                 a
                 trifling
                 piece
                 of
                 incivility
                 was
                 that
                 ,
                 Sancho
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Navarre
                 ,
                 put
                 upon
                 Alphonsus
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Arcos
                 ,
                 in
                 returning
                 without
                 taking
                 leave
                 of
                 him
                 ?
                 Which
                 however
                 this
                 so
                 highly
                 resented
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 never
                 forget
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 rest
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 The
                 Anger
                 of
                 Princes
                 is
                 like
                 Gun-powder
                 ,
                 which
                 no
                 sooner
                 takes
                 Fire
                 ,
                 but
                 has
                 its
                 effect
                 ;
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 calls
                 it
                 the
                 Messenger
                 of
                 Death
                 3
                 ;
                 and
                 barely
                 on
                 this
                 account
                 't
                 were
                 sufficiently
                 reasonable
                 to
                 curb
                 and
                 restrain
                 it
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 very
                 indecent
                 for
                 one
                 in
                 Authority
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 this
                 Passion
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 remember
                 
                 that
                 nothing
                 is
                 put
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 for
                 a
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 can
                 hurt
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 sometimes
                 a
                 naked
                 Sword
                 is
                 carried
                 before
                 Kings
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 token
                 of
                 Justice
                 not
                 Revenge
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 't
                 is
                 carried
                 in
                 another's
                 hand
                 to
                 intimate
                 that
                 between
                 Anger
                 and
                 Execution
                 there
                 ought
                 to
                 intercede
                 a
                 Command
                 .
                 The
                 publick
                 Safety
                 depends
                 on
                 Princes
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 easily
                 be
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 hearken
                 to
                 so
                 rash
                 a
                 Counsellor
                 ,
                 as
                 Anger
                 .
                 Who
                 can
                 escape
                 its
                 hands
                 ?
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 Thunder-bolt
                 when
                 it
                 comes
                 from
                 Supreme
                 Power
                 .
                 
                   And
                   because
                
                 ,
                 says
                 King
                 
                   Alphonso
                   ,
                   Anger
                   is
                   stronger
                   in
                   a
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   dangerous
                   than
                   in
                   others
                   ;
                   in
                   that
                   he
                   can
                   more
                   readily
                   satisfy
                   it
                   ,
                   he
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   more
                   prepar'd
                   to
                   curb
                   and
                   correct
                   it
                
                 †
                 .
                 If
                 Princes
                 in
                 a
                 Passion
                 could
                 look
                 upon
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 find
                 a
                 Countenance
                 unbecoming
                 such
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 whose
                 Tranquility
                 and
                 agreeable
                 Harmony
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Words
                 and
                 Actions
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 please
                 rather
                 than
                 terrify
                 ,
                 to
                 acquire
                 Love
                 rather
                 than
                 Fear
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 should
                 quench
                 the
                 Heat
                 and
                 Violence
                 of
                 Anger
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 can't
                 do
                 so
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 defer
                 the
                 Fury
                 and
                 Execution
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 has
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   A
                   King
                   ought
                   to
                   keep
                   in
                   his
                   Anger
                   till
                   it
                   is
                   over
                   ,
                   this
                   will
                   be
                   of
                   great
                   advantage
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   for
                   so
                   he
                   will
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   judge
                   truly
                   ,
                   and
                   act
                   justly
                   in
                   all
                   things
                
                 *
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Theodosius
                 experienced
                 this
                 in
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 enacted
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 That
                 Capital
                 Punishments
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 executed
                 till
                 thirty
                 Days
                 after
                 Sentence
                 passed
                 .
                 Which
                 Tiberius
                 had
                 before
                 him
                 decreed
                 ,
                 though
                 for
                 only
                 ten
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 giving
                 the
                 Senate
                 power
                 to
                 revoke
                 the
                 Sentence
                 once
                 pronounced
                 4
                 .
                 Which
                 indeed
                 had
                 been
                 commendable
                 ,
                 if
                 his
                 design
                 had
                 been
                 to
                 make
                 room
                 for
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 or
                 give
                 time
                 for
                 a
                 second
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Cause
                 .
                 But
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 too
                 much
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Rigor
                 to
                 give
                 that
                 Indulgence
                 5
                 It
                 was
                 the
                 
                 Counsel
                 of
                 Athenodorus
                 to
                 
                   Augustus
                   Caesar
                
                 ,
                 to
                 determine
                 nothing
                 in
                 a
                 Passion
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 repeated
                 the
                 Twenty
                 four
                 Letters
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Alphabet
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 then
                 ,
                 Anger
                 is
                 a
                 short
                 Madness
                 ,
                 directly
                 opposite
                 to
                 mature
                 Deliberation
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 better
                 Antidote
                 against
                 it
                 than
                 prudent
                 Reflection
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 not
                 too
                 hasty
                 in
                 Execution
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 has
                 had
                 Council
                 to
                 examine
                 a
                 matter
                 throughly
                 .
                 King
                 Ahasuerus
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 Queen
                 Vashti
                 refused
                 to
                 come
                 at
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 reason
                 to
                 think
                 himself
                 contemned
                 ,
                 and
                 highly
                 resented
                 the
                 Affront
                 ,
                 yet
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 revenged
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 first
                 called
                 a
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 taken
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 his
                 Noblemen
                 6
                 .
                 To
                 talk
                 of
                 an
                 Injury
                 received
                 ,
                 inflames
                 Anger
                 more
                 ;
                 hence
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Pythagoras
                   ,
                   Stir
                   not
                   Fire
                   with
                   a
                   Sword
                   ,
                
                 for
                 Motion
                 increases
                 the
                 Flame
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 there
                 any
                 more
                 effectual
                 Remedy
                 for
                 Anger
                 than
                 Silence
                 and
                 Solitude
                 .
                 By
                 its
                 self
                 it
                 insensibly
                 consumes
                 and
                 wears
                 off
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 most
                 softning
                 Discourse
                 is
                 often
                 like
                 the
                 Water
                 Smiths
                 use
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 Fire
                 burn
                 fiercer
                 .
                 Farther
                 ,
                 Anger
                 has
                 its
                 seat
                 in
                 the
                 Ears
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 keeps
                 watch
                 there
                 ;
                 these
                 therefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 to
                 secure
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 too
                 ready
                 to
                 hear
                 ill
                 Reports
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 enrage
                 him
                 7
                 This
                 I
                 imagine
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 
                   Iupiter
                   Cretensis
                
                 had
                 no
                 Ears
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 do
                 more
                 mischief
                 to
                 Governors
                 than
                 good
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 them
                 necessary
                 for
                 Princes
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 be
                 cautious
                 and
                 ruled
                 by
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 not
                 themselves
                 be
                 moved
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 hearing
                 of
                 every
                 trifling
                 Story
                 .
                 Anger
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 when
                 kind●ed
                 by
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 moderated
                 by
                 Discretion
                 ;
                 without
                 such
                 as
                 that
                 ,
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 Justice
                 8
                 .
                 Too
                 much
                 Indulgence
                 gives
                 license
                 to
                 offend
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 Obedience
                 bold
                 .
                 To
                 endure
                 all
                 things
                 with
                 content
                 ,
                 is
                 ig●orance
                 ,
                 or
                 shews
                 a
                 servile
                 Temper
                 of
                 one
                 who
                 has
                 a
                 ●ean
                 Opinion
                 of
                 himself
                 .
                 To
                 continue
                 in
                 Anger
                 when
                 
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 punish
                 Offences
                 ,
                 or
                 make
                 Examples
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 affront
                 Regal
                 Authority
                 is
                 no
                 Vice
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 derogates
                 from
                 Mildness
                 and
                 Clemency
                 .
                 Was
                 any
                 one
                 more
                 meek
                 than
                 David
                 9
                 ,
                 
                   a
                   Man
                   after
                   God'●
                   own
                   Heart
                
                 10
                 ?
                 So
                 mild
                 in
                 Vengeance
                 ,
                 in
                 Anger
                 so
                 moderate
                 ;
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 Saul
                 ,
                 his
                 greatest
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 power
                 ,
                 was
                 satisfied
                 with
                 cutting
                 off
                 the
                 Skirt
                 of
                 his
                 Robe
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 that
                 afterward
                 repented
                 of
                 11
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 with
                 severity
                 did
                 he
                 revenge
                 the
                 Injury
                 King
                 Hamm
                 did
                 to
                 his
                 Ambassadors
                 .
                 David
                 had
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 comfort
                 the
                 King
                 for
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 groundlesly
                 suspecting
                 they
                 came
                 rather
                 to
                 spy
                 out
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 sent
                 them
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 their
                 Beards
                 shaved
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Garments
                 obscenely
                 cut
                 off
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 .
                 David
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 otherwise
                 very
                 peaceable
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 brook
                 this
                 Affront
                 ,
                 but
                 made
                 War
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 ,
                 he
                 utterly
                 demolished
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 that
                 were
                 therein
                 ,
                 (
                 to
                 use
                 the
                 Scripture●
                 words
                 )
                 he
                 
                   brought
                   forth
                   and
                   put
                   them
                   under
                   Saws
                   and
                   〈◊〉
                   Harrows
                   of
                   Iron
                   ,
                   and
                   under
                   Axes
                   of
                   Iron
                   ,
                   and
                   〈◊〉
                   them
                   pass
                   through
                   the
                   Brick-kiln
                
                 12
                 This
                 may
                 see●
                 to
                 be
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Excess
                 of
                 Anger
                 ,
                 to
                 any
                 one●
                 that
                 knows
                 not
                 that
                 the
                 Wounds
                 injuries
                 make
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 fometimes
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 cured
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 〈◊〉
                 should
                 be
                 left
                 .
                 Artaxerxes
                 threatned
                 Fire
                 and
                 Swo●●
                 to
                 some
                 Cities
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 obey'd
                 not
                 an
                 Edict
                 he
                 had
                 pu●●lished
                 ,
                 resolving
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 refused
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 so
                 severe
                 〈◊〉
                 Example
                 of
                 their
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Disobedience
                 ,
                 as
                 shoul●
                 extend
                 to
                 Brutes
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Men
                 13
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 〈◊〉
                 God
                 taught
                 us
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 when
                 with
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 most
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 yet
                 without
                 prejudice
                 to
                 his
                 Infinite
                 M●●cy
                 ,
                 he
                 punished
                 the
                 Syrians
                 Army
                 for
                 blasphemou●●
                 
                 calling
                 him
                 the
                 God
                 of
                 the
                 Hills
                 14
                 .
                 The
                 Supreme
                 Authority
                 and
                 Power
                 of
                 Princes
                 makes
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 can't
                 put
                 up
                 Affronts
                 and
                 Injuries
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 Anger
                 too
                 is
                 praise-worthy
                 in
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 profitable
                 to
                 a
                 State
                 ,
                 which
                 kindled
                 by
                 Incentives
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 elevates
                 the
                 Mind
                 to
                 difficult
                 and
                 noble
                 Enterprizes
                 ,
                 for
                 without
                 it
                 nothing
                 extraordinary
                 ,
                 nothing
                 great
                 ,
                 can
                 be
                 undertaken
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 perfected
                 and
                 accomplished
                 .
                 That
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 it
                 which
                 nourishes
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 generous
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 raises
                 it
                 above
                 its
                 self
                 to
                 despise
                 Difficulties
                 .
                 The
                 Academicks
                 called
                 it
                 the
                 Whetstone
                 ,
                 Plutarch
                 the
                 Companion
                 of
                 Virtue
                 .
                 But
                 particularly
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 lay
                 aside
                 Anger
                 ,
                 and
                 forget
                 past
                 Injuries
                 ;
                 as
                 Sancho
                 ,
                 Sirnamed
                 the
                 Brave
                 ,
                 did
                 when
                 the
                 Succession
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Castile
                 fell
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 With
                 Government
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 changes
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 his
                 Nature
                 ,
                 why
                 should
                 he
                 not
                 also
                 his
                 Affections
                 and
                 Passions
                 ?
                 'T
                 were
                 an
                 Abuse
                 of
                 Government
                 to
                 take
                 Revenge
                 of
                 one
                 who
                 already
                 acknowledges
                 himself
                 your
                 Subject
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Person
                 offended
                 think
                 he
                 has
                 Satisfaction
                 in
                 having
                 got
                 Authority
                 over
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 before
                 injured
                 him
                 .
                 Fortune
                 could
                 not
                 give
                 him
                 a
                 nobler
                 kind
                 of
                 Revenge
                 .
                 So
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 .
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 thought
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 when
                 some
                 perswaded
                 him
                 to
                 revenge
                 the
                 Injuries
                 he
                 had
                 received
                 ,
                 while
                 Duke
                 of
                 Orleans
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   did
                   not
                   become
                   the
                   King
                   of
                
                 France
                 
                   to
                   revenge
                   the
                   Quarrels
                   of
                   the
                   Duke
                   of
                
                 Orleans
                 .
              
               
                 Particular
                 Injuries
                 done
                 to
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 not
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 vindicate
                 with
                 his
                 utmost
                 Power
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 they
                 seem
                 inseparable
                 ,
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 convenient
                 to
                 make
                 some
                 Distinction
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 least
                 Majesty
                 become
                 odious
                 and
                 too
                 formidable
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 tended
                 
                 that
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 Piso
                 had
                 committed
                 no
                 other
                 Crime
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 rejoycing
                 at
                 
                 Germanicus's
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 grief
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 revenge
                 those
                 Injuries
                 done
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 private
                 Person
                 ,
                 not
                 as
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 publick
                 Capacity
                 15
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 those
                 done
                 to
                 his
                 Dignity
                 or
                 Publick
                 Station
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 vindicate
                 as
                 a
                 private
                 Person
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 transport
                 of
                 Passion
                 to
                 think
                 his
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 lost
                 ,
                 except
                 he
                 have
                 immediate
                 Satisfaction
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 it
                 were
                 fitter
                 to
                 be
                 deferred
                 ;
                 for
                 Anger
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 and
                 Advantage
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 undoubtedly
                 had
                 this
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Granada
                 refused
                 to
                 pay
                 him
                 Tribute
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 had
                 done
                 ;
                 and
                 withal
                 ,
                 insolently
                 sent
                 him
                 word
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 long
                 since
                 dead
                 ;
                 that
                 in
                 his
                 Mints
                 they
                 laboured
                 not
                 to
                 Coin
                 Silver
                 or
                 Gold
                 ,
                 but
                 Forge
                 Swords
                 and
                 Launces
                 †
                 .
                 Ferdinand
                 concealed
                 his
                 Resentment
                 of
                 this
                 Liberty
                 and
                 Arrogance
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 Truce
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 deferring
                 Revenge
                 till
                 his
                 Affairs
                 were
                 more
                 quiet
                 and
                 settled
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 consulted
                 more
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 Particular
                 Affections
                 16
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 prudent
                 to
                 dissemble
                 Anger
                 ,
                 when
                 one
                 has
                 reason
                 to
                 presume
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 time
                 will
                 come
                 when
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 for
                 our
                 disadvantage
                 to
                 have
                 shown
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 reason
                 ,
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 though
                 highly
                 affronted
                 by
                 the
                 Grandees
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 abdicated
                 that
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 and
                 retreated
                 into
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 very
                 discreetly
                 concealed
                 that
                 Indignation
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 took
                 no
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 Injuries
                 he
                 had
                 received
                 ,
                 but
                 shewed
                 himself
                 friendly
                 and
                 affectionate
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 then
                 foresaw
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 
                 sometime
                 restored
                 to
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 as
                 indeed
                 it
                 afterwards
                 happened
                 .
                 A
                 generous
                 Mind
                 hides
                 its
                 Resentments
                 of
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 and
                 strives
                 not
                 by
                 the
                 impetuousness
                 of
                 Anger
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 by
                 noble
                 Actions
                 to
                 smother
                 them
                 ;
                 the
                 best
                 certainly
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 truly
                 heroical
                 kind
                 of
                 Revenge
                 .
                 When
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 the
                 Holy
                 ,
                 besieged
                 Sevil
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 Nobleman
                 reproached
                 
                   Garcias
                   Perez
                   de
                   Vargas
                
                 for
                 wearing
                 a
                 waved
                 Shield
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 not
                 allowed
                 his
                 Family
                 ;
                 he
                 then
                 pretended
                 to
                 take
                 no
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 Affront
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Triana
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 fought
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Valour
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 brought
                 his
                 Shield
                 back
                 stuck
                 with
                 Darts
                 ,
                 then
                 returning
                 to
                 his
                 Rival
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 a
                 secure
                 Post
                 ,
                 and
                 shewing
                 him
                 the
                 Shield
                 ,
                 
                   You
                   have
                   reason
                
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   think
                   much
                   that
                   I
                   wear
                   this
                   Shield
                   ,
                   that
                   expose
                   it
                   to
                   so
                   many
                   Dangers
                   ;
                   without
                   doubt
                   no
                   one
                   deserves
                   it
                   beyond
                   your self
                   ,
                   who
                   would
                   take
                   so
                   much
                   care
                   to
                   preserve
                   it
                   .
                
                 Those
                 ordinarily
                 bear
                 Affronts
                 most
                 patiently
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 the
                 least
                 subject
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 a
                 less
                 Virtue
                 to
                 Conquer
                 this
                 Passion
                 ,
                 than
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
                 To
                 kindle
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Anger
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 dangerous
                 than
                 to
                 set
                 Fire
                 to
                 a
                 Mine
                 or
                 Petard
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 behalf
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 prudence
                 to
                 moderate
                 it
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 against
                 Persons
                 in
                 Power
                 :
                 for
                 such
                 Anger
                 's
                 generally
                 fall
                 on
                 the
                 Author's
                 own
                 Head.
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 the
                 Moors
                 of
                 Toledo
                 took
                 so
                 much
                 pains
                 to
                 pacify
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Sixth's
                 Wrath
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Queen
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 taken
                 without
                 his
                 Order
                 ,
                 their
                 Mosque
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 From
                 which
                 I
                 draw
                 two
                 Precepts
                 :
                 One
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 Ministers
                 ought
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 their
                 place
                 requires
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 tell
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 may
                 create
                 Distast
                 or
                 Anger
                 ,
                 to
                 represent
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 softening
                 terms
                 imaginable
                 17
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 often
                 happens
                 that
                 an
                 incensed
                 Mind
                 ve●ts
                 its
                 Fury
                 upon
                 the
                 Person
                 who
                 gave
                 the
                 first
                 Information
                 of
                 
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 however
                 Innocent
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 however
                 good
                 his
                 Design
                 was
                 in
                 doing
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 endeavour
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 moderate
                 Princes
                 Anger
                 ,
                 but
                 cover
                 and
                 conceal
                 it
                 handsomely
                 .
                 Those
                 Seraphims
                 (
                 Ministers
                 of
                 Love
                 )
                 which
                 stood
                 above
                 God
                 in
                 
                 Isaiah's
                 Vision
                 ,
                 
                   with
                   two
                   Wings
                   covered
                   his
                   Face
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   two
                   covered
                   his
                   Feet
                
                 18
                 .
                 Least
                 his
                 angry
                 Countenance
                 should
                 strike
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 guilty
                 of
                 any
                 fault
                 with
                 such
                 Terror
                 and
                 Despair
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 wish
                 the
                 Mountains
                 to
                 fall
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 see
                 the
                 Face
                 of
                 an
                 avenging
                 God
                 19
                 .
                 The
                 heat
                 of
                 Anger
                 is
                 no
                 soone●
                 cooled
                 ,
                 but
                 Princes
                 are
                 sorry
                 and
                 vexed
                 to
                 have
                 had
                 any
                 Witnesses
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 Spectators
                 of
                 its
                 Effect
                 ,
                 for
                 both
                 are
                 equally
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 a
                 King.
                 And
                 God
                 himself
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 turned
                 
                 Lot's
                 Wife
                 into
                 a
                 Pillar
                 of
                 Salt
                 20
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 IX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 'T
                 IS
                 to
                 its
                 own
                 damage
                 that
                 Envy
                 opposes
                 the
                 Trophies
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 Hercules
                 .
                 To
                 what
                 end
                 does
                 it
                 attempt
                 to
                 bite
                 his
                 sharp
                 pointed
                 Club
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 make
                 its
                 Jaws
                 bloody
                 ?
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 its
                 own
                 avenger
                 .
                 It
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 like
                 a
                 Sword
                 which
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 Blood
                 it
                 spills
                 gathers
                 Rust
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 is
                 afterwards
                 eat
                 up
                 .
                 All
                 other
                 Vices
                 take
                 their
                 rise
                 from
                 some
                 appearance
                 of
                 Good
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 Pleasure
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 this
                 proceeds
                 from
                 an
                 inward
                 Grief
                 and
                 Dissatisfaction
                 at
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 another
                 .
                 Other
                 Vices
                 their
                 Punishment
                 follows
                 ,
                 this
                 it
                 even
                 preceeds
                 .
                 Envy
                 sooner
                 exerts
                 its
                 Fury
                 upon
                 its
                 own
                 Bowels
                 1
                 ,
                 than
                 on
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 its
                 Neighbour
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 shadow
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ;
                 he
                 that
                 would
                 avoid
                 that
                 ,
                 must
                 fly
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 this
                 .
                 The
                 Owl's
                 Sight
                 being
                 by
                 
                 Nature
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Rays
                 ,
                 is
                 probably
                 the
                 reason
                 other
                 Birds
                 hate
                 and
                 envy
                 her
                 :
                 Whereas
                 would
                 she
                 be
                 confined
                 to
                 her
                 private
                 Places
                 ,
                 and
                 conceal
                 her self
                 in
                 the
                 darkness
                 of
                 Night
                 ,
                 she
                 need
                 not
                 fear
                 their
                 Persecutions
                 .
                 Between
                 Equals
                 there
                 's
                 seldom
                 Emulation
                 ;
                 when
                 one's
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 's
                 Envy
                 encreases
                 .
                 Men
                 are
                 naturally
                 apt
                 to
                 look
                 with
                 an
                 ill
                 Eye
                 on
                 upstart
                 Happiness
                 ,
                 and
                 desire
                 to
                 reduce
                 the
                 Fortunes
                 of
                 none
                 more
                 than
                 those
                 whom
                 they
                 have
                 once
                 seen
                 upon
                 the
                 Level
                 with
                 themselves
                 2
                 .
                 Envy
                 is
                 like
                 the
                 Tare
                 which
                 never
                 seizes
                 Corn
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 considerably
                 grown
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Fruit
                 begins
                 to
                 ripen
                 3
                 .
                 He
                 must
                 therefore
                 fly
                 Fame
                 ,
                 Dignities
                 ,
                 and
                 honourable
                 Employments
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 exposed
                 to
                 Envy's
                 Darts
                 .
                 A
                 mean
                 Fortune
                 is
                 least
                 dangerous
                 4
                 .
                 Regulus
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 
                 Nero's
                 Cruelty
                 lived
                 secure
                 ,
                 because
                 ,
                 says
                 Tacitus
                 ,
                 his
                 Gentility
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 small
                 standing
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Estate
                 inconsiderable
                 5
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 fear
                 would
                 be
                 unworthy
                 a
                 generous
                 Beast
                 .
                 Others
                 envying
                 us
                 ,
                 shews
                 we
                 excel
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 be
                 absolutely
                 free
                 from
                 Envy
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 ill
                 sign
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 assuredly
                 better
                 to
                 endure
                 it
                 ,
                 than
                 be
                 looked
                 upon
                 by
                 all
                 with
                 indifferency
                 .
                 Envy
                 is
                 the
                 Sting
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 Thorn
                 preserves
                 the
                 Rose
                 ,
                 so
                 does
                 that
                 Virtue
                 .
                 This
                 would
                 easily
                 be
                 neglected
                 ,
                 were
                 there
                 none
                 malicious
                 and
                 detracting
                 .
                 Many
                 has
                 Emulation
                 advanced
                 ,
                 many
                 Envy
                 made
                 happy
                 .
                 That
                 Emulation
                 of
                 Carthage
                 raised
                 the
                 Roman
                 Glory
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Francis
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 did
                 the
                 Fame
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 Envy
                 gave
                 the
                 Roman
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 the
                 Universal
                 Church
                 to
                 
                   Sixtus
                   Quintus
                
                 ,
                 thence
                 came
                 all
                 his
                 fortune
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 nothing
                 better
                 in
                 this
                 Case
                 than
                 Scorn
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 always
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 mount
                 
                 higher
                 till
                 the
                 envious
                 Man's
                 Eyes
                 fail
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 lose
                 sight
                 of
                 you
                 .
                 The
                 Shadow
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 reaches
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 that
                 lowest
                 of
                 the
                 Coelestial
                 Orbs
                 ,
                 so
                 near
                 the
                 Elements
                 ,
                 and
                 overcasts
                 its
                 Splendor
                 ;
                 the
                 higher
                 Planets
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 injure
                 :
                 The
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 when
                 at
                 height
                 ,
                 scatters
                 and
                 dispels
                 Clouds
                 .
                 Where
                 's
                 great
                 Inequality
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 room
                 for
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 remedy
                 against
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 more
                 expeditiously
                 a
                 Man
                 advances
                 himself
                 ,
                 the
                 less
                 will
                 he
                 be
                 exposed
                 to
                 Envy
                 .
                 No
                 Smoak
                 comes
                 from
                 a
                 Fire
                 soon
                 lighted
                 .
                 Whereas
                 ,
                 while
                 Merits
                 wrestle
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 with
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 Envy
                 grows
                 and
                 takes
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 the
                 Person
                 preferr'd
                 .
                 Pride
                 and
                 Superciliousness
                 are
                 things
                 which
                 in
                 good
                 Success
                 provoke
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 stir
                 up
                 hatred
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 Modesty
                 quells
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 no
                 one
                 envies
                 him
                 as
                 happy
                 ,
                 who
                 looks
                 not
                 upon
                 himself
                 as
                 such
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 Saul
                 immediately
                 after
                 his
                 being
                 anointed
                 King
                 ,
                 betook
                 himself
                 to
                 his
                 House
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 shew
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 exalted
                 with
                 Royal
                 Dignity
                 laid
                 aside
                 the
                 Scepter
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 his
                 Hand
                 to
                 the
                 Plough
                 6
                 .
                 There●s
                 yet
                 another
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 enlarge
                 one's
                 Fortune
                 at
                 Home
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 Foreign
                 Country
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 obvious
                 for
                 one
                 ,
                 who
                 before
                 knew
                 another
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 mean
                 Extraction
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 sees
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 high
                 degree
                 of
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 to
                 envy
                 him
                 this
                 happiness
                 ;
                 this
                 Evil
                 insinuates
                 its
                 self
                 more
                 by
                 the
                 Eyes
                 than
                 Ears
                 7
                 .
                 Many
                 eminent
                 Men
                 have
                 declined
                 Honours
                 to
                 avoid
                 being
                 envied
                 .
                 The
                 Consul
                 Tarquinius
                 voluntarily
                 chose
                 Exile
                 to
                 escape
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 this
                 Fury
                 .
                 
                   Valerius
                   Publius
                
                 set
                 his
                 own
                 Houses
                 on
                 Fire
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 Magnificence
                 procured
                 him
                 Envy
                 .
                 Fabius
                 abdicated
                 the
                 Consu●ship
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   Now
                   I
                   hope
                   Envy
                   will
                   cease
                   to
                   trouble
                   the
                
                 Fabii
                 8
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 however
                 in
                 my
                 opinion
                 in
                 the
                 wrong
                 ,
                 for
                 
                 this
                 is
                 rather
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 Sword
                 in
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 further
                 occasion
                 to
                 Envy
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 once
                 undertaken
                 to
                 persecute
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 never
                 leaves
                 him
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 has
                 driven
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 Misery
                 .
                 The
                 Sun
                 casts
                 no
                 Shadows
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Zenith
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 it
                 declines
                 and
                 comes
                 nearer
                 us
                 ,
                 they
                 proportionably
                 increase
                 and
                 grow
                 longer
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 Envy
                 pursues
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 force
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 near
                 ruin
                 ,
                 or
                 begins
                 to
                 fall
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 generally
                 lodges
                 only
                 in
                 mean
                 spirited
                 Persons
                 ,
                 is
                 always
                 afraid
                 he
                 should
                 raise
                 himself
                 upon
                 his
                 Legs
                 again
                 .
                 Even
                 after
                 Daniel
                 was
                 thrown
                 among
                 the
                 Lions
                 ,
                 Darius
                 thought
                 him
                 not
                 yet
                 secure
                 enough
                 from
                 those
                 who
                 envied
                 him
                 the
                 King's
                 Favour
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 fearing
                 more
                 Mens
                 Envy
                 than
                 the
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 he
                 sealed
                 the
                 Stone
                 which
                 was
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 Lions
                 Den
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Signet
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Signet
                 of
                 his
                 Lords
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 mischief
                 might
                 be
                 done
                 him
                 9
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 to
                 avoid
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Inconveniences
                 ,
                 't
                 were
                 advisable
                 to
                 embark
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 whose
                 Emulation
                 may
                 be
                 feared
                 Thus
                 the
                 Remora
                 ,
                 which
                 sticking
                 to
                 the
                 outside
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 stops
                 its
                 Course
                 ,
                 loses
                 its
                 strength
                 when
                 taken
                 in
                 10
                 .
              
               
                 Envy
                 does
                 not
                 always
                 gnaw
                 lofty
                 Cedars
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 she
                 tires
                 her
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 and
                 bloodies
                 her
                 Lips
                 with
                 the
                 lowest
                 Thorns
                 ,
                 which
                 Nature
                 her self
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 hated
                 .
                 Insomuch
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 look
                 on
                 even
                 the
                 Miseries
                 and
                 Calamities
                 of
                 others
                 without
                 Spite
                 and
                 Indignation
                 ;
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 her
                 Malice
                 is
                 wholly
                 mad
                 and
                 unreasonable
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 she
                 cannot
                 endure
                 the
                 Sufferer's
                 strength
                 of
                 Mind
                 and
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Fame
                 Fortune's
                 Injuries
                 usually
                 beget
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Author
                 ,
                 many
                 things
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 Case
                 deservedly
                 deplorable
                 ;
                 none
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 very
                 few
                 ,
                 to
                 render
                 him
                 envied
                 ;
                 nevertheless
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 who
                 envy
                 him
                 these
                 continual
                 Cares
                 and
                 Fatigues
                 ,
                 though
                 little
                 acknowledged
                 or
                 requited
                 .
                 There
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 something
                 of
                 fatality
                 in
                 this
                 Emulation
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 it
                 produc'd
                 it self
                 without
                 any
                 reason
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 asperses
                 him
                 with
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 hear-say
                 from
                 others
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 could
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 imagined
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 his
                 mind
                 so
                 full
                 of
                 Candor
                 ,
                 and
                 mindful
                 of
                 his
                 Duty
                 ,
                 is
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 disturbed
                 at
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 rather
                 loves
                 that
                 Envy
                 and
                 Indignation
                 ,
                 perceiving
                 it
                 to
                 awaken
                 his
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 daily
                 excite
                 it
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 further
                 Progress
                 .
              
               
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 so
                 far
                 in
                 Degree
                 and
                 Dignity
                 superior
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 ought
                 chiefly
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 despise
                 Envy
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 has
                 not
                 Spirit
                 enough
                 for
                 that
                 ,
                 how
                 will
                 he
                 have
                 enough
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Prince
                 ?
                 To
                 go
                 to
                 subdue
                 it
                 by
                 kindness
                 or
                 rigour
                 were
                 plain
                 Imprudence
                 .
                 All
                 other
                 Monsters
                 Hercules
                 tamed
                 ;
                 against
                 this
                 neither
                 Force
                 nor
                 Obligations
                 were
                 to
                 any
                 purpose
                 .
                 Nothing
                 can
                 silence
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Clamours
                 ;
                 for
                 whatever
                 Favours
                 you
                 confer
                 ,
                 they
                 take
                 for
                 Debts
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 always
                 promise
                 themselves
                 greater
                 than
                 they
                 receive
                 .
                 Obloquy
                 and
                 Detraction
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 quench
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 the
                 desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 nor
                 deter
                 him
                 from
                 executing
                 his
                 Enterprizes
                 :
                 Dogs
                 bark
                 at
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 but
                 she
                 easily
                 despises
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 proceeds
                 in
                 her
                 Course
                 .
                 The
                 principal
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 Envy
                 .
                 Envy
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 Monarchies
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 generally
                 enflames
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 it
                 more
                 illustrious
                 ;
                 especially
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 Just
                 and
                 Constant
                 ,
                 and
                 don●t
                 too
                 easily
                 give
                 credit
                 to
                 Calumnies
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Republicks
                 ,
                 where
                 each
                 Man
                 goes
                 for
                 a
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 execute
                 the
                 Desires
                 of
                 his
                 Passions
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Friends
                 and
                 Relations
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 dangerous
                 raising
                 Difcord
                 and
                 Clandestine
                 Conspiracies
                 ,
                 whence
                 afterwards
                 arise
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 all
                 Revolutions
                 in
                 States
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 that
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 ruined
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 great
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 our
                 Age
                 has
                 called
                 in
                 question
                 the
                 unparallel●d
                 Fidelity
                 
                 of
                 
                   Angelo
                   Baduero
                
                 that
                 famous
                 Venetian
                 ,
                 whom
                 you
                 may
                 deservedly
                 call
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Ornament
                 of
                 that
                 Commonwealth
                 :
                 A
                 Man
                 so
                 desirous
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 pas●ionate
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 while
                 under
                 banishment
                 ,
                 and
                 unjustly
                 oppressed
                 ,
                 and
                 persecuted
                 by
                 envious
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 strangely
                 sollicitous
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 and
                 Welfare
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 most
                 Sovereign
                 Remedy
                 against
                 Envy
                 in
                 Republicks
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 Equality
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 all
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Ostentation
                 be
                 prohibited
                 ;
                 for
                 nothing
                 so
                 excites
                 Emulation
                 as
                 the
                 Splendor
                 and
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Riches
                 .
                 This
                 made
                 the
                 Romans
                 take
                 so
                 much
                 care
                 to
                 regulate
                 and
                 reduce
                 the
                 superfluous
                 Expences
                 of
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 divide
                 their
                 Lands
                 and
                 Possessions
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Citizens
                 might
                 be
                 all
                 equal
                 in
                 Strength
                 and
                 Estate
                 .
              
               
                 Envy
                 in
                 Princes
                 is
                 very
                 unbecoming
                 their
                 Eminency
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 its
                 being
                 the
                 Vice
                 of
                 an
                 Inferior
                 towards
                 his
                 Superiors
                 ,
                 as
                 because
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 inconsiderable
                 Glory
                 which
                 can't
                 shine
                 without
                 obscuring
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 Pyramids
                 of
                 Egypt
                 were
                 reckoned
                 among
                 the
                 Seven
                 Wonders
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 for
                 receiving
                 Light
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 without
                 casting
                 the
                 least
                 Shade
                 on
                 any
                 Bodies
                 near
                 11
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 weakness
                 to
                 want
                 that
                 which
                 we
                 envy
                 in
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 nothing
                 is
                 more
                 unworthy
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 envy
                 the
                 Excellence
                 and
                 Prudence
                 of
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 Parts
                 and
                 Members
                 of
                 him
                 ;
                 the
                 Head
                 envies
                 not
                 the
                 Feet
                 for
                 being
                 so
                 strong
                 as
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Arms
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 can
                 labour
                 ;
                 it
                 glories
                 rather
                 in
                 being
                 furnished
                 with
                 such
                 Instruments
                 However
                 ,
                 self-love
                 sometimes
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 Princes
                 are
                 Superior
                 to
                 others
                 in
                 Power
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 they
                 are
                 desirous
                 to
                 surpass
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Gifts
                 of
                 Mind
                 and
                 Body
                 .
                 Even
                 the
                 fame
                 of
                 
                 Lucan's
                 Verses
                 was
                 a
                 disturbance
                 to
                 
                 Nero
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 12
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 Princes
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 cautious
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 seem
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 Dispute
                 with
                 them
                 for
                 Knowledge
                 or
                 Ingenuity
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 they
                 are
                 by
                 some
                 accident
                 obliged
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 submit
                 rather
                 ,
                 and
                 voluntarily
                 yield
                 them
                 the
                 Victory
                 ;
                 this
                 being
                 not
                 only
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 but
                 Respect
                 due
                 to
                 Princes
                 .
                 The
                 Cherubims
                 (
                 those
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 and
                 Wisdom
                 )
                 which
                 stood
                 before
                 the
                 Throne
                 of
                 God
                 in
                 
                 Ezekiel's
                 Vision
                 ,
                 with
                 singular
                 Modesty
                 covered
                 their
                 Hands
                 with
                 their
                 Wings
                 13
                 .
                 This
                 I
                 wish
                 indeed
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 would
                 be
                 jealous
                 of
                 that
                 Veneration
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 to
                 get
                 the
                 greater
                 Interest
                 in
                 him
                 too
                 ambitiously
                 demand
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 moderate
                 a
                 little
                 the
                 excess
                 of
                 those
                 his
                 Favours
                 .
                 Yet
                 ,
                 by
                 what
                 Charm
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 ,
                 this
                 love
                 and
                 kindness
                 inchants
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 blinds
                 Envy
                 .
                 Saul
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 look
                 upon
                 David
                 with
                 an
                 ill
                 Eye
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 his
                 great
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 though
                 done
                 for
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 more
                 applauded
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 14
                 .
                 Whereas
                 Abasuerus
                 could
                 easily
                 suffer
                 Haman
                 ,
                 that
                 great
                 Favourite
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 worshipped
                 and
                 honoured
                 by
                 all
                 as
                 a
                 King
                 15
                 .
                 No
                 Envy
                 has
                 more
                 danger
                 in
                 it
                 than
                 that
                 between
                 Noblemen
                 ;
                 care
                 should
                 therefore
                 be
                 taken
                 that
                 Honours
                 and
                 Great
                 Places
                 seem
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 Hereditary
                 to
                 particular
                 Families
                 ,
                 but
                 be
                 transferr'd
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 wealthiest
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 be
                 employed
                 in
                 Places
                 that
                 require
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Expence
                 ;
                 the
                 poorer
                 sort
                 in
                 those
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 raise
                 their
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain
                 the
                 Splendor
                 of
                 their
                 Birth
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 some
                 Emulation
                 that
                 is
                 glorious
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 such
                 as
                 envies
                 the
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Merit
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 grieves
                 to
                 want
                 them
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavours
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Efforts
                 both
                 of
                 Valour
                 and
                 Wit
                 to
                 acquire
                 them
                 ;
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 is
                 commendable
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 reputed
                 a
                 Vice
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 spark
                 of
                 Virtue
                 proceeding
                 from
                 a
                 noble
                 and
                 generous
                 Mind
                 .
                 The
                 Honour
                 Miltiades
                 got
                 by
                 his
                 Victory
                 over
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 kindled
                 such
                 Flames
                 in
                 
                 Themistocles's
                 Breast
                 ,
                 as
                 immediately
                 consumed
                 all
                 his
                 Vices
                 ;
                 he
                 like
                 another
                 Man
                 ran
                 about
                 Athens
                 ,
                 crying
                 .
                 
                   The
                   Trophies
                   of
                
                 Miltiades
                 
                   would
                   not
                   let
                   him
                   Sleep
                
                 .
                 As
                 long
                 as
                 Vitellius
                 had
                 Competitors
                 ,
                 he
                 abstained
                 from
                 Vices
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 without
                 them
                 ,
                 both
                 he
                 and
                 his
                 Army
                 abandon'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 Lust
                 ,
                 Rapine
                 ,
                 and
                 Licentiousness
                 16
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 Emulation
                 Commonwealths
                 should
                 encourage
                 ,
                 by
                 proposing
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 erecting
                 Trophies
                 or
                 Statues
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 Soul
                 and
                 Spirit
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 preserved
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 daily
                 more
                 flourishing
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 I
                 take
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Reason
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Switzerland
                 takes
                 so
                 little
                 pains
                 to
                 extend
                 its
                 Limits
                 ,
                 and
                 why
                 it
                 produces
                 so
                 few
                 famous
                 Men
                 ;
                 though
                 otherwise
                 Nature
                 has
                 been
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 niggardly
                 of
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 Mind
                 to
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 principal
                 Design
                 is
                 to
                 establish
                 a
                 general
                 Equality
                 ,
                 which
                 puts
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 all
                 Emulation
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 all
                 noble
                 and
                 Military
                 Virtues
                 are
                 buried
                 like
                 burning
                 Coals
                 in
                 Ashes
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 this
                 Emulation
                 among
                 Ministers
                 may
                 seem
                 useful
                 ,
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 wholly
                 without
                 Danger
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 who
                 suffer
                 no
                 Man
                 to
                 be
                 without
                 a
                 Rival
                 are
                 variously
                 affected
                 17
                 ;
                 hence
                 ,
                 while
                 these
                 favour
                 one
                 ,
                 those
                 applaud
                 another
                 ,
                 there
                 arises
                 a
                 Contention
                 between
                 both
                 Parties
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 Factions
                 breed
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Seditions
                 .
                 Besides
                 that
                 ,
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 and
                 desire
                 of
                 advancing
                 themselves
                 above
                 others
                 ,
                 usually
                 puts
                 them
                 upon
                 unlawful
                 Tricks
                 and
                 Artifices
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 at
                 first
                 was
                 honourable
                 
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 degenerates
                 at
                 length
                 into
                 Hatred
                 and
                 Envy
                 .
                 Metellus
                 offended
                 that
                 Pompey
                 was
                 nominated
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Successor
                 in
                 
                   Farther
                   Spain
                
                 ,
                 and
                 envying
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 this
                 Great
                 Commander
                 ,
                 disbanded
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 weakned
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 carelesly
                 neglected
                 all
                 Provisions
                 .
                 Pompey
                 did
                 afterwards
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 
                   Marcus
                   Pompilius
                
                 was
                 to
                 succeed
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Consulship
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 fear
                 ,
                 possibly
                 ,
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Conquering
                 the
                 Numantines
                 might
                 redound
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 very
                 dishonourable
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Name
                 .
                 In
                 our
                 own
                 times
                 ,
                 Grol
                 was
                 lost
                 upon
                 no
                 other
                 account
                 but
                 a
                 Dispute
                 that
                 arose
                 among
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 relieve
                 it
                 ,
                 about
                 Preheminence
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 nothing
                 is
                 so
                 pernicious
                 to
                 Princes
                 ,
                 nothing
                 more
                 needs
                 a
                 Remedy
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 here
                 connivance
                 to
                 be
                 admitted
                 ,
                 but
                 both
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 punished
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 he
                 that
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Person
                 in
                 Fault
                 .
                 This
                 forgiving
                 the
                 occasion
                 ;
                 that
                 because
                 he
                 renounced
                 not
                 his
                 Right
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 slip
                 an
                 opportunity
                 of
                 managing
                 Affairs
                 to
                 advantage
                 .
                 Which
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 any
                 one
                 excessive
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 excused
                 ,
                 by
                 considering
                 the
                 Emolument
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Example
                 it
                 will
                 leave
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 great
                 Resolution
                 without
                 some
                 mixture
                 of
                 Injury
                 .
                 A
                 Subject
                 ought
                 to
                 look
                 upon
                 the
                 Duty
                 he
                 owes
                 his
                 Prince
                 ,
                 before
                 his
                 own
                 Honour
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 demand
                 Satisfaction
                 for
                 the
                 Injury
                 received
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 and
                 think
                 he
                 has
                 acquitted
                 himself
                 of
                 his
                 Duty
                 to
                 his
                 Prince
                 ,
                 in
                 having
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 put
                 it
                 up
                 .
                 Patience
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Case
                 ,
                 shews
                 extraordinary
                 Courage
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 generous
                 Mind
                 ought
                 to
                 prefer
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 before
                 its
                 own
                 Passions
                 ;
                 and
                 lay
                 aside
                 private
                 Feuds
                 when
                 the
                 Publick
                 Interest
                 is
                 concerned
                 18
                 .
                 Aristides
                 and
                 Themistocles
                 were
                 bitter
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 yet
                 being
                 both
                 sent
                 on
                 an
                 Embassy
                 together
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 City-gate
                 ,
                 Aristides
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   here
                
                 ,
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 
                   leave
                   for
                   a
                   little
                   time
                   our
                   private
                   Grudges
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   our
                   return
                   resume
                   them
                   again
                   .
                
                 
                 The
                 same
                 did
                 
                   Henry
                   Guzman
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Medina
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 otherwise
                 an
                 Enemy
                 to
                 
                   Rodrigo
                   Pontre
                
                 ,
                 Marquiss
                 of
                 Cadiz
                 ,
                 yet
                 out
                 of
                 Love
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 his
                 Assistance
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Alhama
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 't
                 is
                 much
                 easier
                 to
                 prevent
                 these
                 Dangers
                 than
                 remedy
                 them
                 afterwards
                 ;
                 the
                 Prince
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 not
                 to
                 put
                 two
                 Ministers
                 of
                 equal
                 Authority
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Office
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 make
                 Power
                 and
                 Agreement
                 subsist
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 19
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 being
                 to
                 send
                 another
                 Minister
                 into
                 Asia
                 of
                 equal
                 Quality
                 with
                 the
                 then
                 Governor
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 ,
                 thought
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 of
                 dangerous
                 consequence
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 chose
                 
                   M.
                   Aletus
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Praetor
                 ,
                 least
                 their
                 equality
                 might
                 breed
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 occasion
                 some
                 Impediment
                 20
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 X.
                 
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Faulcon's
                 no
                 sooner
                 let
                 fly
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 strives
                 with
                 his
                 Beak
                 to
                 get
                 off
                 the
                 little
                 Bells
                 that
                 are
                 hung
                 at
                 his
                 Feet
                 ,
                 knowing
                 them
                 to
                 prejudice
                 his
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 tingling
                 shrill
                 sound
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 Voice
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 the
                 least
                 motion
                 raised
                 ,
                 presently
                 calls
                 the
                 Faulconer
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 is
                 the
                 occasion
                 that
                 the
                 poor
                 Bird
                 is
                 brought
                 again
                 to
                 Confinement
                 ,
                 how
                 far
                 soever
                 it
                 hid
                 it self
                 in
                 the
                 thickest
                 Woods
                 .
                 Alas
                 !
                 how
                 many
                 Men
                 has
                 the
                 noise
                 of
                 their
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 and
                 brave
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 been
                 mischievous
                 to
                 ?
                 How
                 many
                 has
                 Fame
                 brought
                 into
                 Envy
                 and
                 insupportable
                 Slavery
                 ?
                 Nor
                 is
                 great
                 or
                 good
                 Fame
                 less
                 dangerous
                 than
                 bad
                 1
                 .
                 Miltiades
                 had
                 never
                 ended
                 
                 his
                 Days
                 so
                 unhappily
                 in
                 Prison
                 ,
                 had
                 his
                 Valour
                 been
                 conceal'd
                 and
                 unknown
                 ,
                 or
                 moderating
                 his
                 high
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 content
                 with
                 a
                 fortune
                 equal
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 other
                 Athenian
                 Citizens
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 his
                 Victories
                 increasing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 Envy
                 being
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Fame's
                 so
                 bright
                 Rays
                 ,
                 this
                 Republick
                 began
                 to
                 mistrust
                 what
                 merited
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Recompence
                 ;
                 they
                 feared
                 ,
                 forsooth
                 ,
                 their
                 own
                 Necks
                 might
                 at
                 length
                 be
                 obliged
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Yoke
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 on
                 that
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 and
                 dreaded
                 more
                 the
                 future
                 and
                 uncertain
                 Danger
                 of
                 
                 Miltiades's
                 Infidelity
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 greater
                 one
                 which
                 threatned
                 them
                 from
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 openly
                 designed
                 the
                 Ruin
                 and
                 Destruction
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 Suspicion
                 never
                 admits
                 Reason
                 into
                 its
                 Council
                 ,
                 nor
                 does
                 such
                 fear
                 stand
                 to
                 weigh
                 the
                 Importance
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 or
                 suffer
                 Gratitude
                 to
                 get
                 the
                 better
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 That
                 Commonwealth
                 chose
                 to
                 let
                 one
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 most
                 deserving
                 ,
                 of
                 its
                 Citizens
                 lie
                 in
                 Prison
                 and
                 Infamy
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 should
                 live
                 in
                 continual
                 Jealousies
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 took
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Spain
                 from
                 Sappho
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 of
                 administring
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 at
                 home
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 true
                 Reason
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 no
                 longer
                 suffer
                 his
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 .
                 Thus
                 they
                 banished
                 his
                 Successor
                 ,
                 Hanno
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 eminent
                 for
                 his
                 Navigations
                 ,
                 only
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 more
                 Ingenuity
                 and
                 Industry
                 than
                 they
                 thought
                 safe
                 for
                 a
                 free
                 People
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Man
                 they
                 ever
                 saw
                 stroke
                 a
                 Lion
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 tame
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 apprehend
                 he
                 would
                 at
                 last
                 subdue
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 vanquished
                 the
                 Savage
                 Beasts
                 .
                 Thus
                 Commonwealths
                 are
                 used
                 to
                 recompence
                 Services
                 and
                 great
                 Actions
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 takes
                 himself
                 in
                 particular
                 to
                 be
                 honoured
                 ,
                 or
                 obliged
                 by
                 any
                 good
                 Office
                 is
                 done
                 to
                 the
                 Community
                 ;
                 as
                 to
                 Offences
                 and
                 Suspicion
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 thinks
                 himself
                 concerned
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 one
                 's
                 to
                 be
                 rewarded
                 ,
                 very
                 few
                 give
                 him
                 their
                 Votes
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 to
                 find
                 a
                 Man
                 guilty
                 all
                 are
                 zealous
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 is
                 more
                 excellent
                 than
                 others
                 ,
                 is
                 thereby
                 in
                 danger
                 ;
                 for
                 his
                 Zeal
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 accuses
                 their
                 negligence
                 ;
                 
                 his
                 Prudence
                 their
                 Ignorance
                 .
                 Hence
                 't
                 is
                 so
                 dangerous
                 to
                 be
                 serviceable
                 and
                 obsequious
                 to
                 Princes
                 ;
                 hence
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Industry
                 become
                 like
                 Vices
                 ,
                 odious
                 .
                 Sallust
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 Capacity
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 important
                 business
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 Envy
                 ,
                 feigned
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 idle
                 and
                 drowsy
                 2
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 worst
                 of
                 all
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 sometimes
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 displeased
                 at
                 being
                 awakened
                 by
                 a
                 vigilant
                 Minister
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 would
                 rather
                 have
                 as
                 careless
                 as
                 himself
                 .
                 To
                 remedy
                 this
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 Hypocrisy
                 which
                 counterfeits
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 and
                 dissembles
                 Vices
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 need
                 of
                 another
                 to
                 conceal
                 Valour
                 and
                 Excellency
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 Fame
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 undoubtedly
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 Envy
                 made
                 Agricola
                 so
                 careful
                 to
                 hide
                 his
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 saw
                 in
                 him
                 so
                 much
                 Humility
                 and
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 had
                 otherwise
                 heard
                 of
                 his
                 Fame
                 ,
                 could
                 never
                 guess
                 at
                 his
                 Renown
                 by
                 his
                 Person
                 3
                 .
                 Time
                 made
                 Germanicus
                 sensible
                 of
                 this
                 inconveniency
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 chose
                 to
                 bear
                 rather
                 than
                 amend
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 after
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Nations
                 ,
                 he
                 erected
                 indeed
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 Fame
                 put
                 not
                 his
                 Name
                 to
                 it
                 4
                 .
                 St.
                 Iohn
                 concealed
                 his
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 relation
                 of
                 the
                 signal
                 Favour
                 our
                 Saviour
                 shew'd
                 him
                 at
                 his
                 last
                 Supper
                 5
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 't
                 was
                 not
                 humane
                 Policy
                 ,
                 was
                 at
                 least
                 prudent
                 Modesty
                 .
                 Even
                 meer
                 Dreams
                 about
                 ones
                 own
                 Promotion
                 breeds
                 Envy
                 amongst
                 Brothers
                 .
                 Ioseph
                 almost
                 hazarded
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 when
                 with
                 more
                 Ingenuity
                 than
                 Discretion
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 his
                 the
                 Dream
                 he
                 had
                 of
                 the
                 Sheafs
                 of
                 Corn
                 that
                 made
                 obeisance
                 to
                 his
                 that
                 stood
                 upright
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 very
                 Shadow
                 of
                 Eminence
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 the
                 bare
                 possibility
                 of
                 excelling
                 makes
                 Envy
                 solicitous
                 .
                 Glory
                 is
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 well
                 because
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 as
                 other
                 Mens
                 Vices
                 6
                 .
                 Vice
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 feared
                 in
                 Men
                 because
                 it
                 makes
                 them
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 as
                 Virtue
                 that
                 makes
                 them
                 Masters
                 ;
                 for
                 Dominion
                 is
                 by
                 nature
                 her self
                 given
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Republicks
                 won't
                 suffer
                 to
                 be
                 lodged
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 one
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 have
                 equally
                 divided
                 among
                 all
                 Virtue
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 voluntary
                 tyranny
                 over
                 Minds
                 ,
                 has
                 no
                 less
                 influence
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 Violence
                 it self
                 ,
                 or
                 Compulsion
                 ;
                 and
                 indeed
                 ,
                 to
                 excite
                 Republicks
                 to
                 Imitation
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 absolutely
                 whether
                 the
                 People
                 be
                 induced
                 by
                 Reason
                 or
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 constrained
                 to
                 obey
                 one
                 only
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 the
                 juster
                 't
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 dangerous
                 and
                 irresistible
                 .
                 This
                 very
                 thing
                 gave
                 rise
                 to
                 the
                 Ostracism
                 ,
                 or
                 Ten
                 Years
                 Banishment
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 Aristides
                 ,
                 among
                 others
                 ,
                 was
                 condemned
                 ;
                 whose
                 only
                 Crime
                 ,
                 was
                 his
                 having
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 just
                 Man.
                 The
                 Peoples
                 Favour
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 dangerous
                 Friend
                 to
                 Virtue
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 Applause
                 and
                 Approbation
                 is
                 punished
                 as
                 a
                 fault
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 may
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 Galerian
                 7
                 .
                 So
                 Germanicus
                 learned
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Roman
                 Peoples
                 love
                 was
                 fickle
                 and
                 unfortunate
                 8
                 .
                 Neither
                 Princes
                 nor
                 Commonwealths
                 much
                 desire
                 Ministers
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Excellency
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 a
                 competent
                 Skill
                 to
                 manage
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 reason
                 Tacitus
                 gives
                 why
                 
                   Poppaeus
                   Sabinus
                
                 was
                 continued
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 Provinces
                 9
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 therefore
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 great
                 Prudence
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 conceal
                 ones
                 Fame
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 to
                 beware
                 of
                 all
                 Ostentation
                 of
                 Wit
                 ,
                 Valour
                 ,
                 or
                 Excellency
                 ,
                 and
                 cover
                 all
                 sublime
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 with
                 Ashes
                 ;
                 though
                 I
                 confess
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 difficult
                 for
                 a
                 noble
                 Mind
                 to
                 confine
                 to
                 the
                 narrow
                 compass
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 Breast
                 ,
                 a
                 Flame
                 that
                 breaks
                 out
                 on
                 
                 all
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 daily
                 requires
                 new
                 Fuel
                 to
                 increase
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 shine
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 Lustre
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 we
                 may
                 be
                 perswaded
                 to
                 by
                 the
                 Examples
                 of
                 these
                 Illustrious
                 Heroes
                 ,
                 who
                 heretofore
                 from
                 the
                 Dictatorship
                 returned
                 to
                 the
                 Plough
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 after
                 a
                 Triumphant
                 Entry
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 by
                 Breaches
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Gates
                 were
                 not
                 large
                 enough
                 ;
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 whole
                 Nations
                 ,
                 have
                 retreated
                 to
                 poor
                 despicable
                 Cottages
                 ,
                 whither
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 has
                 come
                 to
                 find
                 them
                 out
                 .
                 Nor
                 had
                 that
                 ever
                 brought
                 them
                 so
                 soon
                 into
                 play
                 again
                 had
                 it
                 not
                 seen
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 ambitious
                 of
                 Honour
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 like
                 a
                 Shadow
                 flies
                 him
                 that
                 pursues
                 it
                 ,
                 follows
                 him
                 that
                 flies
                 it
                 .
                 His
                 Fame
                 and
                 Reputation
                 is
                 greatest
                 ,
                 who
                 strives
                 to
                 conceal
                 it
                 .
                 
                   Rubellius
                   Plautus
                
                 was
                 thought
                 to
                 deserve
                 the
                 Empire
                 because
                 he
                 lived
                 retired
                 10
                 ;
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 in
                 Monarchies
                 ,
                 where
                 one
                 ascends
                 higher
                 by
                 having
                 begun
                 to
                 ascend
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 has
                 Men
                 of
                 Courage
                 and
                 Bravery
                 in
                 great
                 esteem
                 ,
                 Republicks
                 fear
                 them
                 rather
                 ;
                 that
                 animates
                 them
                 by
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Presents
                 ,
                 these
                 discourage
                 them
                 by
                 Ingratitude
                 :
                 Nor
                 is
                 fear
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 always
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 pretence
                 to
                 Cloak
                 their
                 Envy
                 and
                 Emulation
                 under
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 one
                 be
                 the
                 Object
                 of
                 all
                 Mens
                 favour
                 and
                 applause
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 usually
                 suspected
                 and
                 envied
                 ;
                 which
                 rarely
                 happens
                 in
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 don
                 't
                 easily
                 envy
                 their
                 Subjects
                 Glory
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 commendable
                 ,
                 they
                 attribute
                 it
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 their
                 Orders
                 .
                 This
                 has
                 been
                 observable
                 in
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Otho
                 11
                 .
                 Prudent
                 Ministers
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 attribute
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 the
                 happy
                 Success
                 of
                 things
                 ;
                 taking
                 warning
                 by
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 Silius
                 ,
                 who
                 incurred
                 
                 Tiberius's
                 Displeasure
                 by
                 boasting
                 that
                 he
                 alone
                 kept
                 the
                 Legions
                 to
                 their
                 Duty
                 ;
                 and
                 using
                 to
                 say
                 often
                 ,
                 that
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 
                 indebted
                 to
                 him
                 only
                 for
                 his
                 Empire
                 :
                 For
                 Caesar
                 thought
                 at
                 this
                 rate
                 his
                 Fortune
                 would
                 be
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 unable
                 to
                 make
                 return
                 to
                 so
                 great
                 Merit
                 12
                 .
                 Nor
                 was
                 Vespasian
                 displeased
                 with
                 
                   Antonius
                   Primus
                
                 for
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 but
                 too
                 frequently
                 mentioning
                 his
                 own
                 Merits
                 13
                 .
                 Agricola
                 was
                 far
                 more
                 prudent
                 ,
                 who
                 never
                 magnified
                 his
                 Exploits
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Fame
                 ,
                 but
                 attributed
                 all
                 his
                 Success
                 to
                 his
                 Superiors
                 14
                 .
                 Ioab
                 has
                 left
                 an
                 Illustrious
                 Example
                 of
                 this
                 to
                 all
                 Generals
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 forced
                 any
                 City
                 to
                 Surrender
                 ,
                 sent
                 word
                 before
                 to
                 King
                 David
                 to
                 bring
                 up
                 new
                 Forces
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Surrender
                 might
                 be
                 ascribed
                 to
                 his
                 Conduct
                 15
                 .
                 The
                 Ancient
                 Germans
                 were
                 above
                 others
                 commended
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 who
                 lay
                 under
                 a
                 strict
                 Obligation
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 defend
                 and
                 preserve
                 their
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 attribute
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 brave
                 Actions
                 to
                 him
                 16
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 reasons
                 a
                 Person
                 is
                 much
                 securer
                 of
                 a
                 Recompence
                 for
                 the
                 Services
                 he
                 does
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 done
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 and
                 will
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 get
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 17
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 less
                 danger
                 in
                 offending
                 that
                 than
                 this
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Multitude
                 knows
                 not
                 what
                 Connivance
                 ,
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 or
                 Danger
                 are
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 equally
                 rash
                 in
                 its
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 attempted
                 be
                 dangerous
                 or
                 unjust
                 ;
                 for
                 either
                 the
                 Fear
                 or
                 Blame
                 is
                 divided
                 among
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 Man
                 perswades
                 himself
                 the
                 danger
                 is
                 not
                 like
                 to
                 fall
                 on
                 his
                 Pate
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Infamy
                 belongs
                 not
                 
                 to
                 him
                 18
                 .
                 A
                 Community
                 has
                 no
                 Forehead
                 to
                 blush
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Prince
                 has
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 with
                 great
                 reason
                 solicitous
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Person
                 chiefly
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 for
                 his
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 his
                 Posterity
                 .
                 All
                 Men
                 flatter
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 setting
                 before
                 him
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 lead
                 to
                 Glory
                 ,
                 in
                 Republicks
                 few
                 are
                 concerned
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Honour
                 ,
                 almost
                 all
                 for
                 Security
                 19
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 has
                 his
                 Subjects
                 to
                 content
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Community
                 that
                 care
                 and
                 trouble
                 ceases
                 ;
                 for
                 what
                 it
                 undertakes
                 or
                 does
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 the
                 Common
                 Counsel
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 every
                 one
                 is
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 concerned
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 I
                 imagine
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 Commonwealths
                 (
                 I
                 mean
                 not
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 Kingly
                 )
                 are
                 so
                 unconstant
                 and
                 false
                 in
                 the
                 Observation
                 of
                 Treaties
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 only
                 is
                 just
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 for
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 their
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Liberty
                 they
                 so
                 much
                 advance
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 extreamly
                 Superstitious
                 .
                 They
                 imagine
                 they
                 worship
                 true
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 servile
                 Submission
                 adore
                 infinite
                 tyrannical
                 Idols
                 .
                 Every
                 one
                 thinks
                 he
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Obey
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 provided
                 with
                 an
                 Antidote
                 against
                 the
                 Poyson
                 of
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 many
                 they
                 greedily
                 and
                 securely
                 swallow
                 ;
                 they
                 fear
                 nothing
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 take
                 no
                 notice
                 of
                 that
                 at
                 home
                 .
                 Liberty
                 is
                 talkt
                 of
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 found
                 no
                 where
                 .
                 All
                 are
                 possessed
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 Imagination
                 ,
                 none
                 in
                 Reality
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 
                   United
                   Provinces
                
                 now
                 make
                 a
                 Comparison
                 between
                 the
                 Liberty
                 they
                 formerly
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 enjoy
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 examine
                 which
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 has
                 the
                 Advantage
                 ;
                 whether
                 they
                 ever
                 underwent
                 the
                 same
                 Slavery
                 then
                 ,
                 suffered
                 those
                 Loses
                 and
                 Taxes
                 they
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 sensibly
                 experiment
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 some
                 Commonwealths
                 ,
                 nay
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 themselves
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 Hands
                 the
                 Government
                 is
                 ,
                 think
                 whether
                 it
                 were
                 possible
                 for
                 any
                 Tyrant
                 to
                 enslave
                 them
                 more
                 than
                 those
                 very
                 Persons
                 
                 they
                 have
                 set
                 up
                 to
                 Assert
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 one
                 that
                 really
                 enjoys
                 it
                 in
                 his
                 Actions
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 all
                 miserable
                 Slaves
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Jealousies
                 ;
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 is
                 its
                 own
                 Tyrant
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 truly
                 said
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 live
                 without
                 a
                 Master
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 with
                 Liberty
                 20
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 strive
                 to
                 disengage
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 Bonds
                 of
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 the
                 faster
                 they
                 are
                 bound
                 with
                 them
                 21
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Tongue
                 is
                 an
                 Instrument
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Mind
                 discovers
                 its
                 Sentiments
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 expresses
                 it self
                 either
                 by
                 that
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 Pen
                 ,
                 which
                 
                 like
                 a
                 silent
                 Tongue
                 sometimes
                 supplies
                 its
                 place
                 ,
                 drawing
                 on
                 Paper
                 the
                 Words
                 which
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 uttered
                 by
                 the
                 Voice
                 .
                 From
                 both
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 one
                 may
                 draw
                 a
                 probable
                 conjecture
                 of
                 a
                 Man's
                 Parts
                 and
                 Capacity
                 .
                 
                   For
                   by
                   Speech
                   ,
                   Wisdom
                   shall
                   be
                   known
                   ,
                   and
                   Learning
                   by
                   the
                   Word
                   of
                   the
                   Tongue
                
                 1
                 .
                 Hence
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 speaking
                 in
                 his
                 Laws
                 how
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 carry
                 himself
                 in
                 his
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 what
                 Moderation
                 he
                 should
                 use
                 in
                 speaking
                 ;
                 among
                 other
                 things
                 says
                 ,
                 Multiloquy
                 makes
                 their
                 Words
                 unregarded
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 a
                 King
                 be
                 not
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 good
                 Sense
                 ,
                 his
                 Tongue
                 soon
                 discovers
                 the
                 defect
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 an
                 Earthen
                 Pot
                 is
                 tried
                 by
                 the
                 Sound
                 ,
                 so
                 is
                 a
                 Man's
                 Sense
                 by
                 his
                 Words
                 †
                 .
                 A
                 Comparison
                 which
                 he
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 borrowed
                 from
                 this
                 Passage
                 of
                 Persius
                 :
                 
                   
                     —
                     Sonat
                     vitium
                     percussa
                     malignè
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Respondet
                     viridi
                     non
                     cocta
                     fideli●
                     limo
                     .
                  
                
                 Speech
                 is
                 the
                 minds
                 Countenance
                 ;
                 by
                 that
                 is
                 discovered
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 sound
                 or
                 not
                 2
                 .
                 To
                 represent
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 another
                 nobler
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 accommodated
                 to
                 the
                 Subject
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 Bell
                 ,
                 the
                 true
                 Emblem
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 that
                 is
                 hung
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 it
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 regulates
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 Actions
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Metal
                 be
                 not
                 good
                 ,
                 or
                 it
                 has
                 any
                 other
                 fault
                 in
                 't
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 by
                 its
                 Sound
                 presently
                 discerned
                 3
                 .
                 So
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 general
                 Clock
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 measure
                 depend
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 his
                 Words
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 them
                 he
                 either
                 gets
                 or
                 loses
                 a
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 giving
                 himself
                 to
                 gue●s
                 at
                 his
                 Genius
                 ,
                 Wit
                 ,
                 and
                 Inclinations
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Discourse
                 .
                 Not
                 a
                 Word
                 escapes
                 his
                 Hearers
                 ,
                 each
                 one
                 makes
                 a
                 deep
                 Impression
                 on
                 their
                 
                 Memory
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 repeated
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 Censure
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 who
                 usually
                 put
                 various
                 Constructions
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 think
                 fit
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 even
                 ,
                 what
                 comes
                 from
                 him
                 in
                 private
                 and
                 unawares
                 ,
                 passes
                 for
                 profound
                 and
                 mysterious
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 for
                 casual
                 and
                 accidental
                 .
                 It
                 were
                 therefore
                 very
                 proper
                 for
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 extemporary
                 but
                 premeditated
                 4
                 ,
                 not
                 spoken
                 without
                 a
                 previous
                 Consideration
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 Persons
                 .
                 For
                 —
                 
                   Nescit
                   vox
                   missa
                   reverti
                
                 ,
                 —
                 as
                 Horace
                 says
                 ,
                 seconded
                 by
                 King
                 
                   Alphonso
                   ,
                   For
                   this
                   reason
                   all
                   Men
                   ,
                   especially
                   a
                   King
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   take
                   great
                   care
                   of
                   his
                   Words
                   before
                   he
                   utters
                   them
                   ,
                   for
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   once
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Mo●th
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   Man
                   can
                   recal
                   them
                
                 †
                 .
                 Whence
                 may
                 arise
                 very
                 great
                 Inconveniences
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Words
                 of
                 Kings
                 are
                 the
                 principal
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Government
                 5
                 .
                 Death
                 and
                 Life
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Tongue
                 6
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Ignominy
                 ,
                 the
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 Ruin
                 of
                 Subjects
                 .
                 This
                 made
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 sent
                 Callisthenes
                 to
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 advise
                 him
                 to
                 talk
                 little
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 upon
                 agreeable
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 a
                 dangerous
                 thing
                 to
                 Treat
                 with
                 one
                 who
                 carried
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Life
                 and
                 Death
                 at
                 his
                 Tongues
                 end
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 not
                 a
                 Word
                 comes
                 from
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Mouth
                 without
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Emphasis
                 :
                 Is
                 it
                 about
                 Business
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 Commands
                 ;
                 if
                 of
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 Sentences
                 ;
                 if
                 of
                 Promises
                 ,
                 Obligations
                 ;
                 by
                 his
                 Words
                 he
                 is
                 either
                 obeyed
                 or
                 disobeyed
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 take
                 care
                 how
                 they
                 use
                 this
                 Tongue
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 which
                 Nature
                 has
                 not
                 meerly
                 by
                 chance
                 fenced
                 and
                 inclosed
                 with
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 a
                 Wall
                 of
                 Teeth
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 there
                 less
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 Bridle
                 for
                 the
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 a
                 Horse
                 7
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 least
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 like
                 the
                 Rudder
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 on
                 whose
                 Motion
                 the
                 loss
                 or
                 safety
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Vessel
                 depends
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Tongue
                 is
                 placed
                 in
                 a
                 wet
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 easily
                 slips
                 ,
                 unless
                 stai'd
                 by
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Hence
                 that
                 Prayer
                 of
                 
                   David
                   ;
                   Set
                   a
                   Watch
                   ,
                   O
                   Lord
                   ,
                   before
                   my
                   Mouth
                   ,
                   keep
                   the
                   Door
                   of
                   my
                   Lips
                
                 8
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 condescend
                 to
                 a
                 familiar
                 Conversation
                 with
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 lessens
                 his
                 Character
                 ,
                 prostitutes
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 brings
                 many
                 other
                 Inconveniences
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 do
                 it
                 for
                 Information
                 ;
                 for
                 every
                 Man
                 desires
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 wise
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 understands
                 his
                 Affairs
                 very
                 well
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 next
                 to
                 an
                 impossibility
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 can't
                 know
                 all
                 things
                 9
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 answer
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 from
                 the
                 purpose
                 ;
                 he
                 shall
                 be
                 presently
                 condemned
                 for
                 Insufficiency
                 or
                 Negligence
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 that
                 Princes
                 Talents
                 and
                 Endowments
                 very
                 rarely
                 answer
                 the
                 generally
                 received
                 Opinion
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 therefore
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 Emperors
                 chose
                 to
                 Treat
                 with
                 their
                 Subjects
                 by
                 Notes
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 them
                 Answers
                 in
                 Writing
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 get
                 time
                 for
                 Deliberation
                 ,
                 as
                 because
                 the
                 Pen
                 is
                 less
                 subject
                 to
                 mistake
                 than
                 the
                 Tongue
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 can't
                 handsomely
                 defer
                 an
                 Answer
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 .
                 Sejanus
                 ,
                 however
                 great
                 a
                 Favourite
                 of
                 
                 Tiberius's
                 ,
                 conferr'd
                 only
                 with
                 him
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Memorial
                 10
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 ,
                 however
                 ,
                 some
                 Affairs
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 better
                 treated
                 of
                 by
                 Word
                 of
                 Mouth
                 ;
                 particularly
                 ,
                 when
                 there●s
                 something
                 of
                 danger
                 in
                 leaving
                 ones
                 Sentiments
                 in
                 anothers
                 hands
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 perpetual
                 Evidence
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 liable
                 to
                 be
                 wrested
                 to
                 different
                 meanings
                 than
                 Words
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 quickly
                 pass
                 ,
                 and
                 stick
                 not
                 deep
                 in
                 the
                 Memory
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 easily
                 actionable
                 .
                 But
                 whether
                 a
                 Prince
                 gives
                 his
                 Answers
                 this
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 other
                 way
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 always
                 remember
                 ,
                 that
                 brevity
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 prudent
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 becoming
                 a
                 Princes
                 Majesty
                 11
                 .
                 Hence
                 Tacitus
                 gives
                 that
                 Epithet
                 Imperial
                 to
                 Brevity
                 12
                 .
                 
                 You
                 should
                 use
                 the
                 Tongue
                 as
                 your
                 Sword
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 not
                 lay
                 your self
                 too
                 open
                 to
                 your
                 Adversary
                 ;
                 he
                 that
                 discloses
                 his
                 whole
                 Mind
                 ,
                 exposes
                 himself
                 to
                 Danger
                 .
                 Concise
                 Discourses
                 have
                 the
                 greatest
                 Efficacy
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 most
                 room
                 for
                 Reflection
                 .
                 Nothing
                 's
                 so
                 like
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 talk
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 hear
                 much
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 requisite
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 silent
                 ,
                 than
                 how
                 to
                 speak
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 ,
                 Men
                 are
                 our
                 Masters
                 .
                 In
                 that
                 ,
                 God
                 himself
                 ,
                 who
                 always
                 injoyns
                 Silence
                 in
                 his
                 Mysteries
                 .
                 He
                 resembles
                 the
                 Divinity
                 most
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 learnt
                 to
                 hold
                 his
                 Peace
                 .
                 
                   Even
                   a
                   fool
                   when
                   he
                   holdeth
                   his
                   peace
                   is
                   counted
                   wise
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   that
                   shutteth
                   his
                   Lips
                   is
                   esteemed
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   understanding
                
                 13
                 .
                 
                   The
                   heart
                   of
                   fools
                   is
                   in
                   their
                   mouth
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   mouth
                   of
                   the
                   wise
                   is
                   in
                   their
                   heart
                
                 14
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 Prudence
                 to
                 avoid
                 both
                 Extreams
                 ,
                 for
                 each
                 has
                 its
                 danger
                 :
                 
                   
                     All
                     to
                     Talk
                     ,
                     or
                     none
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Are
                     distant
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     neighbouring
                     Faults
                     .
                  
                   
                     Auson
                     .
                  
                
                 'T
                 is
                 then
                 only
                 convenient
                 to
                 speak
                 ,
                 when
                 Silence
                 prejudices
                 either
                 the
                 Prince
                 or
                 Truth
                 .
                 Majesty
                 by
                 a
                 Nod
                 only
                 sufficiently
                 explains
                 its
                 self
                 .
                 Silence
                 well-timed
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 Princes
                 great
                 Eloquence
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 grave
                 and
                 modest
                 Carriage
                 are
                 usually
                 more
                 significantly
                 expressive
                 of
                 one's
                 Thoughts
                 than
                 Words
                 themselves
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 one's
                 obliged
                 to
                 use
                 these
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 sincere
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 liberty
                 in
                 thinking
                 becoming
                 a
                 King.
                 
                   
                     Your
                     free
                     Conceptions
                     dress
                     in
                     plain
                     Words
                     .
                  
                   
                     Tass.
                     
                  
                
                 For
                 by
                 too
                 many
                 Asseverations
                 ,
                 Oaths
                 ,
                 and
                 unnecessary
                 Proofs
                 ,
                 they
                 either
                 quite
                 lose
                 their
                 Credit
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 are
                 rendred
                 suspicious
                 ;
                 they
                 ought
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 Grave
                 without
                 Moroseness
                 ;
                 Graceful
                 without
                 Affectation
                 ;
                 of
                 Force
                 without
                 Roughness
                 ;
                 lastly
                 ,
                 Common
                 
                 not
                 Vulgar
                 .
                 Even
                 with
                 God
                 ,
                 Words
                 well
                 ordered
                 ,
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 most
                 weight
                 and
                 influence
                 15
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Tongue
                 and
                 Pen
                 require
                 no
                 where
                 more
                 prudent
                 Moderation
                 than
                 in
                 Promises
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Princes
                 either
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 natural
                 Generosity
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 obtain
                 their
                 Ends
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 avoid
                 a
                 Danger
                 ,
                 are
                 usually
                 extravagant
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 they
                 can't
                 perform
                 ,
                 they
                 lose
                 their
                 Credit
                 ,
                 and
                 procure
                 themselves
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 better
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 lavish
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 There
                 have
                 been
                 more
                 Wars
                 occasioned
                 by
                 the
                 Breach
                 of
                 Promises
                 than
                 by
                 Injuries
                 .
                 For
                 Interest
                 is
                 seldom
                 in
                 these
                 so
                 much
                 concerned
                 as
                 in
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 Princes
                 are
                 generally
                 moved
                 more
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Advantage
                 than
                 by
                 Injuries
                 received
                 .
                 To
                 make
                 large
                 Promises
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 keep
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 interpreted
                 by
                 a
                 Superior
                 ,
                 an
                 Affront
                 ;
                 by
                 an
                 Equal
                 ,
                 Injustice
                 ;
                 by
                 an
                 Inferior
                 ,
                 Tyranny
                 16
                 .
                 The
                 Tongue
                 therefore
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 too
                 forward
                 to
                 promise
                 ,
                 without
                 assurance
                 that
                 the
                 Promise
                 can
                 be
                 performed
                 17
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Threats
                 also
                 ,
                 the
                 Tongue
                 easily
                 goes
                 beyond
                 its
                 Limits
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 Anger
                 soon
                 puts
                 it
                 in
                 Motion
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 Revenge
                 can't
                 equal
                 the
                 Passion
                 ,
                 of
                 necessity
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 Supream
                 Power
                 must
                 l●se
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 their
                 Credit
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 therefore
                 much
                 more
                 adviseable
                 to
                 dissemble
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 Satisfaction
                 may
                 be
                 considered
                 before
                 the
                 Prince
                 threatens
                 it
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 uses
                 Menaces
                 before
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 designs
                 either
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 the
                 only
                 Instruments
                 of
                 his
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 Enemy
                 warning
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 more
                 ter●ible
                 threatning
                 than
                 Silence
                 .
                 If
                 mine
                 's
                 already
                 let
                 o●●
                 ,
                 no
                 one
                 is
                 afraid
                 ;
                 those
                 are
                 always
                 more
                 formidable
                 that
                 lie
                 still
                 conceal'd
                 under-ground
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 the
                 Imagination
                 are
                 usually
                 greater
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Senses
                 .
              
               
               
                 Detraction
                 has
                 in
                 it
                 a
                 great
                 mixture
                 of
                 Envy
                 and
                 Ostentation
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 always
                 almost
                 of
                 an
                 Inferior
                 towards
                 his
                 Superior
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 much
                 below
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 Lips
                 no
                 Man's
                 Honour
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 in
                 question
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 sees
                 Vices
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 punish
                 them
                 ;
                 if
                 other
                 small
                 Defects
                 ,
                 correct
                 or
                 connive
                 at
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 praise
                 of
                 brave
                 Actions
                 and
                 Services
                 is
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Reward
                 ;
                 excites
                 the
                 Person
                 commended
                 to
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 an
                 Emulation
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 a
                 Spur
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 to
                 commend
                 all
                 Subjects
                 indifferently
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 without
                 danger
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Judgment
                 they
                 pass
                 on
                 them
                 being
                 various
                 and
                 uncertain
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Praise
                 ,
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 definitive
                 Sentence
                 ,
                 time
                 may
                 discover
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 rashly
                 given
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Honour
                 will
                 oblige
                 him
                 not
                 to
                 retract
                 easily
                 what
                 he
                 has
                 once
                 approved
                 .
                 As
                 well
                 therefore
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 occasion
                 to
                 Envy
                 ,
                 great
                 Circumspection
                 is
                 required
                 in
                 praising
                 Persons
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 also
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 's
                 Oracles
                 ,
                 
                   Iudge
                   no
                   one
                   blessed
                   before
                   his
                   Death
                
                 18
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 a
                 principal
                 Maxim
                 among
                 the
                 Stoicks
                 ,
                 to
                 commend
                 no
                 one
                 rashly
                 ,
                 because
                 scarce
                 any
                 thing
                 can
                 be
                 a●firmed
                 with
                 certainty
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 are
                 often
                 deceived
                 in
                 things
                 that
                 appear
                 to
                 us
                 most
                 praise-worthy
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Heart
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
                 Nature
                 ,
                 that
                 skilful
                 Architect
                 ,
                 has
                 hid
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 retired
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Breast
                 ;
                 however
                 ,
                 least
                 probably
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it self
                 thus
                 concealed
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 Witnesses
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 against
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 she
                 has
                 withal
                 given
                 Man
                 that
                 native
                 Colour
                 or
                 Fire
                 of
                 Blood
                 ,
                 for
                 Modesty
                 to
                 inflame
                 his
                 Countenance
                 withal
                 ,
                 and
                 accuse
                 his
                 Heart
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 deviate
                 from
                 Honour
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 or
                 think
                 otherwise
                 than
                 the
                 Tongue
                 speaks
                 ,
                 both
                 which
                 ought
                 always
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Motion
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 mutual
                 Agreement
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 But
                 Malice
                 by
                 degrees
                 effaces
                 that
                 Mark
                 which
                 is
                 used
                 in
                 Children
                 to
                 shew
                 its
                 self
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 Romans
                 well-knowing
                 the
                 importance
                 of
                 Truth
                 for
                 the
                 establishment
                 of
                 Society
                 ,
                 and
                 maintaining
                 Commerce
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 and
                 desiring
                 nothing
                 more
                 
                 than
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 shame
                 of
                 deserting
                 it
                 among
                 Men
                 ,
                 hung
                 about
                 their
                 Childrens
                 Neck
                 a
                 Golden
                 Heart
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 they
                 called
                 Bulla
                 )
                 an
                 Hieroglyphick
                 ,
                 says
                 Ausonius
                 ,
                 invented
                 by
                 Pythagoras
                 ,
                 to
                 signify
                 the
                 Ingenuity
                 Men
                 ought
                 to
                 profess
                 in
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sincerity
                 they
                 should
                 observe
                 in
                 Truth
                 ,
                 wearing
                 at
                 their
                 Breast
                 ,
                 a
                 Heart
                 uncovered
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 ,
                 the
                 Genuine
                 Emblem
                 of
                 that
                 Truth
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 we
                 commonly
                 mean
                 ,
                 when
                 speaking
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 Veracity
                 ,
                 we
                 say
                 he
                 carries
                 his
                 Heart
                 in
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 open-hearted
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 the
                 Egyptian
                 Priests
                 signified
                 by
                 the
                 Sapphire
                 they
                 put
                 upon
                 their
                 Princes
                 Breasts
                 ,
                 to
                 represent
                 emblematically
                 the
                 same
                 Truth
                 ;
                 as
                 their
                 Ministers
                 of
                 Justice
                 also
                 used
                 to
                 wear
                 about
                 them
                 some
                 Figure
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Nor
                 should
                 any
                 one
                 imagine
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 sincere
                 ,
                 and
                 professed
                 a
                 Lover
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 would
                 perhaps
                 but
                 give
                 an
                 occasion
                 to
                 Deceit
                 and
                 Cozenage
                 ;
                 for
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 nothing
                 is
                 more
                 effectual
                 in
                 preventing
                 those
                 Cheats
                 ,
                 and
                 driving
                 away
                 Lyes
                 ,
                 which
                 never
                 dare
                 look
                 Truth
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Observation
                 I
                 take
                 that
                 advice
                 of
                 Pythagoras
                 to
                 allude
                 to
                 ,
                 never
                 to
                 speak
                 with
                 one's
                 Back
                 towards
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 thereby
                 intimating
                 that
                 nothing
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 uttered
                 repugnant
                 to
                 Truth
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 Liar
                 can't
                 bear
                 the
                 bright
                 Rays
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 signified
                 by
                 the
                 Sun
                 upon
                 a
                 double
                 account
                 ,
                 both
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Unity
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 disperses
                 Darkness
                 ,
                 and
                 drives
                 away
                 Shades
                 ,
                 restoring
                 to
                 all
                 things
                 their
                 true
                 Light
                 and
                 proper
                 Colours
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 shews
                 ;
                 where
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 that
                 Luminary
                 is
                 got
                 above
                 the
                 Horizon
                 ,
                 the
                 Obscurity
                 of
                 Night
                 immediately
                 flies
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Nocturnal
                 Birds
                 retire
                 to
                 the
                 Woods
                 dark
                 Coverts
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 that
                 's
                 absence
                 ,
                 and
                 favoured
                 by
                 the
                 Silence
                 of
                 Night
                 ,
                 use
                 while
                 others
                 sleep
                 ,
                 to
                 seek
                 their
                 Prey
                 .
                 What
                 Confusion
                 is
                 the
                 Owl
                 in
                 ,
                 if
                 by
                 chance
                 she
                 comes
                 into
                 the
                 Sun's
                 presence
                 ?
                 In
                 that
                 glittering
                 Light
                 she
                 Staggers
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 confounded
                 ,
                 that
                 Splendor
                 quite
                 blinds
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 frustrates
                 all
                 her
                 Tricks
                 .
                 Can
                 any
                 one
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 Subtilty
                 and
                 Craft
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 will
                 presently
                 fail
                 him
                 when
                 he
                 comes
                 
                 before
                 an
                 ingenuous
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 particular
                 Friend
                 to
                 Sincerity
                 and
                 Truth
                 1
                 ?
              
               
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 force
                 able
                 to
                 penetrate
                 into
                 the
                 Designs
                 of
                 a
                 candid
                 Mind
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 Candor
                 want
                 not
                 some
                 Retirements
                 for
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Is
                 there
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 open
                 and
                 evident
                 to
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 resplendent
                 ,
                 more
                 opposed
                 to
                 Shadows
                 and
                 Darkness
                 than
                 the
                 Sun
                 ?
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 will
                 look
                 stedfast
                 upon
                 its
                 Rays
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 discover
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 what
                 Abuses
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 Obscurities
                 of
                 Light
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 darken
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 they
                 saw
                 ,
                 they
                 can't
                 tell
                 .
                 Thus
                 Knavery
                 is
                 blinded
                 with
                 the
                 Light
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Foundations
                 overturned
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 it
                 find
                 any
                 more
                 a
                 way
                 to
                 delude
                 with
                 its
                 Artifices
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 Victory
                 truly
                 worthy
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 to
                 conquer
                 Frauds
                 and
                 Cheats
                 with
                 Ingenuity
                 ,
                 Lyes
                 with
                 Truth
                 .
                 To
                 lye
                 is
                 a
                 slavish
                 Vice
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 very
                 unbecoming
                 the
                 generous
                 Mind
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 above
                 all
                 Men
                 should
                 endeavour
                 to
                 render
                 themselves
                 like
                 God
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 Truth
                 it self
                 2
                 .
                 
                   Whence
                   Kings
                
                 ,
                 (
                 says
                 King
                 
                   Alphonso
                   )
                   who
                   keep
                   its
                   place
                   upon
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   whom
                   it
                   particularly
                   belongs
                   to
                   guard
                   it
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   take
                   special
                   care
                   not
                   to
                   contradict
                   it
                   by
                   falsity
                   ;
                   if
                   a
                   King
                   should
                   once
                   give
                   himself
                   to
                   Lying
                   ,
                   he
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   believed
                   ,
                   even
                   when
                   he
                   speaks
                   truth
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   farther
                   give
                   incouragement
                   to
                   others
                   to
                   follow
                   his
                   Example
                   .
                
                 This
                 inconveniency
                 Tiberius
                 experimented
                 ,
                 who
                 often
                 pretending
                 to
                 restore
                 Liberty
                 and
                 the
                 Consular
                 Government
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 remit
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 caused
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 mistrust
                 him
                 when
                 he
                 meant
                 really
                 and
                 honestly
                 3
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 greater
                 Monarchs
                 are
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 more
                 exposed
                 to
                 Vanity
                 and
                 Lyes
                 4
                 .
                 The
                 Rays
                 of
                 a
                 plentiful
                 Fortune
                 easily
                 contract
                 the
                 Clouds
                 of
                 Detraction
                 .
                 
                 In
                 great
                 Empires
                 all
                 things
                 have
                 the
                 worst
                 Construction
                 put
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 obnoxious
                 to
                 Reproaches
                 .
                 What
                 open
                 Force
                 can't
                 do
                 ,
                 Calumny
                 by
                 secret
                 Mines
                 attempts
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 thing
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 the
                 Rule
                 over
                 others
                 ,
                 has
                 need
                 of
                 great
                 Courage
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 change
                 his
                 Course
                 ,
                 or
                 suffer
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 stopt
                 by
                 the
                 Clamours
                 of
                 Cavillers
                 .
                 This
                 constancy
                 and
                 firmness
                 of
                 Mind
                 has
                 always
                 eminently
                 appeared
                 in
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 natural
                 to
                 despise
                 Envy
                 and
                 Calumny
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 alone
                 ,
                 many
                 Clouds
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 have
                 been
                 dispelled
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 Majesty
                 raises
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 also
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 Truth
                 dissipates
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Heat
                 does
                 Vapours
                 .
                 What
                 infamous
                 Libels
                 ,
                 what
                 manifest
                 Falsities
                 ,
                 what
                 forg'd
                 Stories
                 ,
                 what
                 Calumnies
                 have
                 malicious
                 Men
                 often
                 spread
                 against
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 ?
                 Nor
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 could
                 that
                 Envy
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 cast
                 the
                 least
                 Blemish
                 upon
                 its
                 so
                 just
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 't
                 is
                 possessed
                 of
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 is
                 open
                 to
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 visible
                 to
                 all
                 .
                 Among
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 by
                 new
                 contriv'd
                 Devices
                 ,
                 and
                 studied
                 Lyes
                 to
                 render
                 its
                 Government
                 odious
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 make
                 the
                 Rebellious
                 Princes
                 less
                 desirous
                 of
                 a
                 Reconciliation
                 :
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 what
                 Author
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Chapa
                 ,
                 has
                 published
                 a
                 Book
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 gives
                 a
                 large
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Inhumane
                 and
                 Barbarous
                 Usage
                 the
                 Indians
                 received
                 from
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 those
                 Lyes
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 more
                 easy
                 Credit
                 ;
                 the
                 Book
                 was
                 first
                 spread
                 about
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 as
                 Printed
                 at
                 Sevil
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 Translated
                 into
                 other
                 Languages
                 .
                 An
                 ingenious
                 Invention
                 indeed
                 ,
                 and
                 accute
                 piece
                 of
                 malice
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 more
                 consequence
                 than
                 perhaps
                 can
                 be
                 believed
                 ,
                 for
                 upon
                 some
                 easy
                 Minds
                 it
                 had
                 very
                 ill
                 Effect
                 ,
                 though
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 prudent
                 so●●
                 soon
                 discovered
                 the
                 Cheat
                 ;
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 all
                 those
                 things
                 are
                 abundantly
                 confuted
                 by
                 the
                 extraordinary
                 Zeal
                 for
                 Religion
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Nation
                 always
                 with
                 great
                 Constancy
                 exercises
                 and
                 maintains
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 unlike
                 its
                 self
                 in
                 the
                 Indies
                 only
                 .
                 I
                 won't
                 however
                 deny
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Invasion
                 of
                 
                 America
                 ,
                 some
                 things
                 happened
                 not
                 altogether
                 to
                 be
                 approved
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 was
                 only
                 by
                 their
                 fault
                 ,
                 who
                 thinking
                 this
                 Known
                 World
                 too
                 little
                 for
                 their
                 vast
                 Minds
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 boldness
                 by
                 the
                 Permission
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 Command
                 ,
                 or
                 Choice
                 of
                 their
                 King
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Fortune
                 in
                 other
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 discover
                 New
                 Countries
                 hitherto
                 unknown
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 found
                 a
                 barbarous
                 People
                 ,
                 Idolatrous
                 to
                 Superstition
                 ,
                 more
                 Savage
                 than
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 who
                 brutally
                 lived
                 on
                 Man's
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 whose
                 Inhumanity
                 was
                 incorrigible
                 but
                 by
                 force
                 and
                 utmost
                 rigour
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 their
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 provoided
                 a
                 Remedy
                 against
                 these
                 Disorders
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 sent
                 to
                 those
                 Coasts
                 Commissaries
                 to
                 punish
                 those
                 severely
                 they
                 found
                 had
                 been
                 guilty
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 maintain
                 entire
                 Justice
                 among
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 they
                 gave
                 afterwards
                 many
                 Paternal
                 Orders
                 for
                 their
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 least
                 to
                 exempt
                 them
                 from
                 those
                 severe
                 Labours
                 they
                 daily
                 underwent
                 in
                 the
                 Mines
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 other
                 things
                 before
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 those
                 Countries
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 besides
                 ,
                 Divines
                 with
                 great
                 Zeal
                 to
                 teach
                 them
                 the
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 the
                 Christian
                 Faith
                 ;
                 founded
                 Bishopricks
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Expences
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 and
                 maintained
                 Religious
                 Convents
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 that
                 new
                 planted
                 Church
                 ,
                 without
                 suffering
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 those
                 vast
                 Countries
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 hands
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 absence
                 of
                 their
                 new
                 Masters
                 ,
                 to
                 want
                 any
                 any
                 thing
                 which
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 King's
                 Duty
                 to
                 supply
                 his
                 Subjects
                 withal
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 this
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Vigilance
                 of
                 its
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 may
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 seem
                 to
                 surpass
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 it
                 's
                 self
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 and
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Influence
                 they
                 have
                 over
                 things
                 below
                 ;
                 for
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 hours
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Sun's
                 presence
                 lightens
                 one
                 Hemisphere
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 in
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 while
                 Malice
                 cloaths
                 and
                 covers
                 its
                 self
                 with
                 the
                 Darkness
                 of
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 the
                 Mask
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 of
                 that
                 Obscurity
                 commits
                 Murders
                 ,
                 Robbe●ies
                 ,
                 Adulteries
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 's
                 ill
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun's
                 providence
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 prevent
                 them
                 ,
                 though
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 he
                 spreads
                 some
                 Twilight
                 above
                 the
                 Horizon
                 ,
                 or
                 
                 in
                 the
                 interim
                 leaves
                 the
                 performance
                 of
                 his
                 Office
                 to
                 the
                 Moon
                 as
                 his
                 Vicegerent
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Stars
                 as
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 communicates
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 his
                 Rays
                 .
                 From
                 this
                 our
                 World
                 ,
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 govern
                 that
                 other
                 in
                 Justice
                 ,
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 Religion
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Political
                 Happiness
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Castile
                 enjoy
                 to
                 their
                 satisfaction
                 .
                 But
                 least
                 the
                 Envious
                 and
                 Enemies
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 should
                 triumph
                 with
                 these
                 their
                 Artifices
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Calumnies
                 of
                 that
                 Book
                 may
                 be
                 entirely
                 overthrown
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 suppose
                 all
                 those
                 Evils
                 ,
                 which
                 Malice
                 has
                 feigned
                 the
                 Indians
                 to
                 have
                 suffered
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 ;
                 and
                 compare
                 them
                 to
                 what
                 have
                 been
                 really
                 undergone
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 time
                 in
                 several
                 Wars
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 against
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 
                   Germany
                   ,
                   Burgundy
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lorrain
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 will
                 appear
                 clearer
                 than
                 light
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 lye
                 comes
                 far
                 short
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 these
                 .
                 What
                 cruel
                 Torments
                 have
                 Tyrants
                 ever
                 invented
                 against
                 Innocence
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 these
                 our
                 times
                 we
                 have
                 not
                 seen
                 put
                 in
                 practice
                 ,
                 not
                 against
                 inhumane
                 and
                 barbarous
                 People
                 ,
                 but
                 civilized
                 Nations
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 not
                 always
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 their
                 own
                 Members
                 ,
                 without
                 respect
                 to
                 Propinquity
                 of
                 Blood
                 ,
                 or
                 Piety
                 towards
                 their
                 Country
                 ?
                 How
                 often
                 have
                 we
                 seen
                 Auxiliary
                 Forces
                 turn
                 their
                 Weapons
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 sent
                 them
                 ?
                 Defence
                 been
                 more
                 bloody
                 than
                 open
                 Offence
                 ?
                 Protection
                 become
                 immediate
                 Destruction
                 ;
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 Hostility
                 ?
                 Not
                 a
                 stately
                 Edifice
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Place
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 spared
                 by
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword
                 :
                 In
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 we
                 have
                 seen
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Towns
                 ,
                 Forts
                 ,
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 buried
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Ashes
                 ;
                 and
                 Countries
                 very
                 populous
                 changed
                 into
                 most
                 Solitary
                 Deserts
                 .
                 Nor
                 yet
                 ,
                 could
                 that
                 Thirst
                 of
                 Humane
                 Blood
                 be
                 quench'd
                 or
                 satisfied
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 no
                 new
                 thing
                 then
                 to
                 try
                 Pistols
                 and
                 Swords
                 upon
                 Mens
                 Breasts
                 ,
                 as
                 Bodies
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 cool
                 Blood
                 ,
                 't
                 was
                 then
                 a
                 very
                 agreeable
                 Spectacle
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 deformed
                 Looks
                 ,
                 and
                 trimbling
                 Limbs
                 of
                 Men
                 exspiring
                 .
                 How
                 often
                 have
                 Mens
                 Bellies
                 ript
                 open
                 served
                 for
                 Mangers
                 ?
                 Sometimes
                 in
                 those
                 of
                 Women
                 (
                 't
                 is
                 dreadful
                 to
                 mention
                 it
                 )
                 their
                 tender
                 Embryo's
                 
                 were
                 mixt
                 with
                 Straw
                 and
                 Oats
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Provender
                 for
                 Horses
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Expence
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 't
                 was
                 try'd
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 Water
                 a
                 Man's
                 Body
                 would
                 hold
                 ,
                 or
                 how
                 long
                 one
                 could
                 live
                 without
                 Sustenance
                 .
                 Nuns
                 were
                 violated
                 ,
                 Daughters
                 of
                 good
                 Families
                 dishonoured
                 ,
                 Wives
                 ravished
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 sight
                 of
                 their
                 Parents
                 and
                 Husbands
                 .
                 Women
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 Spoil
                 or
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 were
                 either
                 sold
                 or
                 exchanged
                 for
                 Cows
                 or
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 Labourers
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 compell'd
                 to
                 draw
                 them
                 as
                 Horses
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 discover
                 where
                 their
                 Riches
                 lay
                 ,
                 hung
                 by
                 the
                 Feet
                 and
                 Members
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 let
                 down
                 into
                 hot
                 Furnaces
                 .
                 There
                 Children
                 were
                 barbarously
                 murdered
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 that
                 Paternal
                 Affection
                 might
                 in
                 the
                 Grief
                 of
                 these
                 their
                 dearest
                 Pledges
                 effect
                 what
                 self-love
                 could
                 not
                 oblige
                 them
                 to
                 .
                 In
                 Woods
                 and
                 Forests
                 where
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 find
                 refuge
                 ,
                 Men
                 could
                 not
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Blood
                 hounds
                 chased
                 them
                 thence
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Stake
                 .
                 The
                 deepest
                 Lakes
                 we●e
                 not
                 secure
                 from
                 so
                 Ingenious
                 Cove●ousness
                 and
                 Rapine
                 ;
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 these
                 wretched
                 People
                 were
                 rak'd
                 thence
                 with
                 Hooks
                 and
                 Nets
                 .
                 Not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 dead
                 Mens
                 Bones
                 were
                 suffered
                 to
                 rest
                 ,
                 Tombs
                 and
                 Grave-stones
                 were
                 thrown
                 down
                 to
                 search
                 under
                 them
                 for
                 Treasures
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 magical
                 ,
                 no
                 devilish
                 Art
                 which
                 they
                 put
                 not
                 in
                 practice
                 to
                 discover
                 their
                 Money
                 .
                 Many
                 thousand
                 Men
                 perished
                 by
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Baseness
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 whose
                 Extirpation
                 Divine
                 Justice
                 permitted
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 been
                 so
                 many
                 Ages
                 Rebels
                 to
                 their
                 Creator
                 .
                 I
                 mention
                 not
                 these
                 things
                 to
                 accuse
                 any
                 Nation
                 in
                 particular
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 am
                 assured
                 most
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 all
                 ,
                 have
                 acted
                 their
                 Parts
                 in
                 this
                 Barbarous
                 and
                 Inhumane
                 Tragedy
                 ;
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 vindicate
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 from
                 Calumny
                 .
                 The
                 sweetest
                 and
                 best
                 fram'd
                 Mind
                 is
                 sometimes
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 transgressing
                 its
                 Limits
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 weakness
                 of
                 our
                 frail
                 Nature
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 subject
                 to
                 commit
                 the
                 most
                 brutish
                 Action
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 want
                 the
                 Bridle
                 of
                 Religion
                 and
                 Justice
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Moon
                 supplies
                 the
                 Sun's
                 absence
                 ,
                 in
                 presiding
                 over
                 Night
                 ;
                 upon
                 the
                 various
                 Motions
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Increase
                 and
                 Decrease
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 depend
                 the
                 Vigor
                 and
                 Conservation
                 of
                 things
                 here
                 below
                 ;
                 and
                 although
                 that
                 is
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 beautiful
                 as
                 these
                 be
                 obscure
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 themselves
                 weak
                 ,
                 as
                 receiving
                 their
                 Being
                 from
                 its
                 Light
                 ;
                 yet
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 one
                 ,
                 either
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 its
                 other
                 innumerable
                 Benefits
                 ,
                 takes
                 much
                 notice
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 even
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 its
                 Splendor
                 .
                 But
                 i●
                 it
                 be
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 by
                 the
                 Interposition
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 Eclipsed
                 ,
                 and
                 discover
                 the
                 defects
                 of
                 its
                 Body
                 ,
                 not
                 as
                 before
                 illuminated
                 by
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 but
                 dark
                 and
                 opacous
                 ,
                 immediately
                 all
                 Mens
                 Eyes
                 are
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 all
                 observe
                 it
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 this
                 Accident
                 Curiosity
                 long
                 before
                 anticipates
                 ,
                 and
                 measures
                 its
                 Steps
                 every
                 moment
                 .
                 What
                 are
                 Princes
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Terrestrial
                 Planets
                 and
                 Moons
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 that
                 Divine
                 Sun
                 of
                 Justice
                 diffuses
                 its
                 Rays
                 for
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ?
                 For
                 if
                 those
                 Stars
                 have
                 Power
                 over
                 things
                 ,
                 these
                 have
                 over
                 minds
                 .
                 This
                 I
                 imagine
                 made
                 the
                 Persian
                 Kings
                 endeavour
                 by
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 false
                 Rays
                 to
                 imitate
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Moon
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 themselves
                 esteemed
                 equal
                 to
                 those
                 Planets
                 .
                 Sapor
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Letter
                 to
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Constantius
                 ,
                 called
                 himself
                 Brother
                 to
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Moon
                 1
                 .
                 Princes
                 ,
                 their
                 Dignity
                 makes
                 conspicuous
                 among
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 placed
                 in
                 the
                 highest
                 Orbs
                 of
                 Power
                 and
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 exposed
                 to
                 all
                 Mens
                 Censures
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 Coloss●
                 ,
                 or
                 vast
                 Statues
                 ,
                 whose
                 Parts
                 can't
                 bear
                 the
                 least
                 Disproportion
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 but
                 others
                 Eyes
                 will
                 presently
                 be
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 They
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 circumspect
                 in
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 since
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Objects
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 World's
                 Attention
                 ;
                 and
                 tho'
                 their
                 good
                 ones
                 pass
                 sometimes
                 without
                 Remark
                 ,
                 their
                 Faults
                 will
                 never
                 escape
                 Observation
                 .
                 Curiosity
                 employs
                 a
                 hundred
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 more
                 Ears
                 ,
                 to
                 penetrate
                 Princes
                 most
                 Secret
                 Thoughts
                 .
                 They
                 seem
                 like
                 that
                 Stone
                 in
                 Zachariah
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 were
                 Seven
                 Eyes
                 2
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 highest
                 Grandeur
                 there
                 is
                 least
                 Liberty
                 3
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Prince's
                 Hand
                 keeps
                 time
                 in
                 that
                 Musical
                 Consort
                 ,
                 which
                 good
                 and
                 prudent
                 Government
                 makes
                 ;
                 if
                 this
                 time
                 be
                 not
                 regular
                 and
                 even
                 ,
                 there
                 arises
                 a
                 Confusion
                 of
                 Voices
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Harmony
                 is
                 disordered
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 all
                 follow
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 that
                 .
                 Hence
                 't
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 States
                 generally
                 resemble
                 their
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 sooner
                 the
                 ill
                 than
                 the
                 good
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 Subjects
                 use
                 so
                 carefully
                 to
                 observe
                 their
                 Vices
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 an
                 Impression
                 on
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 easily
                 afterwards
                 imitated
                 out
                 of
                 Flattery
                 .
                 For
                 Vicious
                 Princes
                 not
                 only
                 commit
                 
                 Vices
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 infuse
                 them
                 into
                 their
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 more
                 blameable
                 for
                 the
                 Example
                 than
                 the
                 Fault
                 ;
                 and
                 experience
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 bad
                 Habits
                 commonly
                 do
                 more
                 mischief
                 than
                 the
                 very
                 best
                 do
                 good
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 perverse
                 Inclination
                 of
                 our
                 Nature
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 rather
                 studies
                 to
                 imitate
                 Vices
                 than
                 Virtues
                 .
                 How
                 Great
                 ,
                 how
                 Excellent
                 ,
                 were
                 those
                 of
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 ?
                 Yet
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Caracalla
                 strove
                 to
                 resemble
                 him
                 in
                 nothing
                 but
                 that
                 Habit
                 he
                 had
                 of
                 leaning
                 hi●
                 Head
                 on
                 his
                 Left
                 Shoulder
                 .
                 Though
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Vices
                 prejudice
                 himself
                 only
                 ;
                 others
                 affect
                 also
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 as
                 Tacitus
                 has
                 observed
                 in
                 Vitellius
                 and
                 Otho
                 4
                 .
                 Yet
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 extreamly
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 Subjects
                 by
                 the
                 Example
                 they
                 give
                 .
                 Our
                 easy
                 Tempers
                 are
                 biass'd
                 by
                 Princes
                 5
                 ;
                 we
                 follow
                 their
                 Example
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 be
                 Good
                 or
                 Evil
                 ,
                 like
                 those
                 Wheels
                 in
                 
                 Ezekiel's
                 Vision
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 exactly
                 followed
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Cherubims
                 6
                 .
                 Each
                 Action
                 of
                 Princes
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Command
                 to
                 be
                 obeyed
                 by
                 Imitation
                 7
                 .
                 Subjects
                 imagine
                 they
                 do
                 their
                 Prince
                 an
                 agreeable
                 piece
                 of
                 Service
                 in
                 imitating
                 his
                 Vices
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 these
                 are
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Will
                 ;
                 Flattery
                 easily
                 perswades
                 her self
                 this
                 must
                 be
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 gain
                 it
                 .
                 Thus
                 Tigellinus
                 grew
                 daily
                 more
                 Bold
                 and
                 Confident
                 ,
                 thinking
                 his
                 ill
                 Practices
                 would
                 be
                 less
                 unacceptable
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 engage
                 his
                 Prince
                 
                   (
                   Nero
                
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Associate
                 in
                 them
                 8
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 is
                 disordered
                 ,
                 and
                 Virtue
                 confounded
                 .
                 Princes
                 should
                 therefore
                 lead
                 such
                 a
                 Life
                 ,
                 so
                 form
                 their
                 Manners
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 may
                 learn
                 by
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 Virtuous
                 and
                 Honest
                 ;
                 which
                 advice
                 they
                 have
                 given
                 them
                 by
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Sixth
                 of
                 his
                 Law.
                 
              
               
               
                 For
                 if
                 Vices
                 extinguish
                 the
                 Lamp
                 of
                 Virtue
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 ought
                 like
                 a
                 Beacon
                 to
                 give
                 Light
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 them
                 the
                 securest
                 Course
                 to
                 Sail
                 in
                 ,
                 he
                 cannot
                 avoid
                 dashing
                 against
                 Rocks
                 the
                 Vessel
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 for
                 that
                 Government
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 ordered
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 abandoned
                 himself
                 to
                 Vice
                 :
                 For
                 ,
                 says
                 King
                 
                   Alphonso
                   ,
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   Vice
                   is
                   such
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   more
                   a
                   Man
                   uses
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   more
                   he
                   loves
                   it
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 People
                 easily
                 slight
                 and
                 contemn
                 Laws
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 see
                 him
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 very
                 Soul
                 of
                 them
                 not
                 observe
                 them
                 .
                 Thus
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Moon
                 's
                 Eclipses
                 prejudice
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Faults
                 are
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Punishment
                 due
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 God
                 Almighty
                 generally
                 inflicts
                 upon
                 the
                 Subjects
                 too
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 deservedly
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 following
                 his
                 Example
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 themselves
                 Accessary
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Crimes
                 ;
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 related
                 in
                 Scripture
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Israel
                 under
                 Ieroboam
                 9
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 bare
                 Shadow
                 of
                 an
                 ill
                 Action
                 ,
                 which
                 obscured
                 King
                 
                 Roderigo's
                 Fame
                 ,
                 kept
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 all
                 Spain
                 in
                 Darkness
                 for
                 many
                 Years
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 that
                 barbarous
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 Mexicans
                 is
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 excusable
                 ;
                 who
                 at
                 the
                 Inauguration
                 of
                 a
                 New
                 King
                 ,
                 obliged
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 an
                 Oath
                 he
                 would
                 Administer
                 Justice
                 ,
                 not
                 oppress
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 War
                 strenuous
                 and
                 valiant
                 :
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 †
                 take
                 care
                 the
                 Sun
                 continued
                 his
                 Course
                 ,
                 and
                 preserved
                 his
                 Splendor
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 Clouds
                 should
                 give
                 Rain
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rivers
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Earth
                 should
                 produce
                 its
                 Fruit
                 plentifully
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Sun
                 himself
                 obeys
                 a
                 Holy
                 Prince
                 ,
                 as
                 Ioshua
                 experienced
                 for
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 his
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Earth
                 is
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Fertile
                 out
                 of
                 Gratitude
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 to
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 Kings
                 towards
                 their
                 People
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 what
                 Homer
                 would
                 signify
                 by
                 these
                 Verses
                 :
                 
                   
                   
                     The
                     King
                     ,
                     who
                     takes
                     Religion
                     for
                     his
                     Guide
                     ;
                  
                   
                     Who
                     does
                     for
                     's
                     Subjects
                     wholesome
                     Laws
                     provide
                     ;
                  
                   
                     For
                     him
                     the
                     willing
                     Earth
                     shews
                     all
                     its
                     Stock
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Corn
                     ,
                     Wine
                     ,
                     and
                     Fruit
                     ;
                     for
                     him
                     the
                     teeming
                     Flock
                  
                   
                     Brings
                     double
                     Births
                     ;
                     the
                     Sea
                     opens
                     all
                     its
                     Cells
                     :
                  
                   
                     Where
                     Iustice
                     reigns
                     ,
                     their
                     Peace
                     and
                     Plenty
                     dwells
                     .
                  
                
                 The
                 goodness
                 of
                 a
                 Year
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 judged
                 of
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 good
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 10
                 .
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 much
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 Govern
                 them
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 only
                 Cause
                 of
                 their
                 Happiness
                 or
                 Misery
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 they
                 often
                 impute
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 even
                 Casualities
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Roman
                 People
                 did
                 to
                 Tiberius
                 11
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 perswade
                 himself
                 that
                 his
                 Vice●
                 will
                 be
                 less
                 censured
                 ,
                 for
                 suffering
                 them
                 to
                 go
                 unpunished
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 or
                 having
                 them
                 in
                 common
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 related
                 Witiza
                 did
                 :
                 For
                 though
                 Subjects
                 love
                 Libertinism
                 ,
                 they
                 hate
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 it
                 cost
                 him
                 afterwards
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 being
                 by
                 all
                 Men
                 hated
                 for
                 his
                 scandalous
                 way
                 of
                 living
                 .
                 What
                 we
                 usually
                 Censure
                 in
                 others
                 as
                 highly
                 Base
                 and
                 Infamous
                 ,
                 in
                 our selves
                 we
                 scarce
                 allow
                 to
                 be
                 Infirmities
                 of
                 Nature
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 Defect
                 in
                 our selves
                 we
                 easily
                 connive
                 at
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 Looking-Glass
                 can't
                 suffer
                 the
                 least
                 Spot
                 .
                 Such
                 a
                 one
                 is
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 Person
                 his
                 Subjects
                 have
                 a
                 view
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 unpleasant
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 see
                 him
                 sullied
                 with
                 Vice.
                 Nero
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 less
                 infamous
                 for
                 having
                 many
                 Companions
                 in
                 his
                 Debaucheries
                 ;
                 however
                 he
                 thought
                 thereby
                 to
                 avoid
                 Scandal
                 12
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 should
                 Princes
                 imagine
                 themselves
                 secure
                 from
                 a
                 self-consciousness
                 of
                 their
                 good
                 Actions
                 ;
                 for
                 whenever
                 
                 the
                 People
                 can't
                 inform
                 themselves
                 of
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 they
                 begin
                 nicely
                 to
                 examine
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 always
                 put
                 the
                 worst
                 Interpretation
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 enough
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 do
                 well
                 ,
                 but
                 necessary
                 ,
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 means
                 they
                 use
                 have
                 no
                 appearance
                 of
                 Evil.
                 And
                 how
                 will
                 that
                 Man
                 have
                 any
                 thing
                 secret
                 ,
                 who
                 can't
                 be
                 without
                 his
                 own
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Retinue
                 of
                 Courtiers
                 ,
                 nor
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 alone
                 ;
                 whose
                 Liberty
                 draws
                 with
                 it
                 so
                 many
                 Fetters
                 and
                 Golden
                 Chains
                 ,
                 whose
                 noise
                 every
                 one
                 hears
                 ?
                 This
                 was
                 signified
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 the
                 High-Priest
                 ,
                 by
                 those
                 little
                 Bells
                 that
                 hung
                 round
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 his
                 Garment
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 forget
                 that
                 his
                 Steps
                 were
                 exposed
                 to
                 all
                 Mens
                 Ears
                 13
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Guards
                 both
                 within
                 and
                 without
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Courtiers
                 that
                 attend
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Chamber
                 or
                 Closet
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 Spies
                 of
                 his
                 Words
                 and
                 Actions
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 attentively
                 observing
                 all
                 his
                 Gestures
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 his
                 Countenance
                 ,
                 that
                 discoverer
                 of
                 the
                 Heart
                 .
                 Thus
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Psalmist's
                 Expression
                 ,
                 
                   Their
                   Eyes
                   look
                   unto
                   his
                   Hands
                
                 14
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 observe
                 any
                 failing
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 conceal
                 it
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 love
                 to
                 discover
                 it
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 get
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 Persons
                 discreet
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 of
                 Zealots
                 .
                 Here
                 they
                 look
                 on
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 one
                 daring
                 to
                 open
                 his
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 they
                 speak
                 most
                 by
                 their
                 Silence
                 .
                 The
                 Secret
                 boils
                 and
                 bubbles
                 within
                 them
                 ,
                 agitated
                 by
                 the
                 fervent
                 desire
                 they
                 have
                 of
                 revealing
                 it
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 last
                 it
                 overflows
                 15
                 .
                 Tongues
                 run
                 to
                 Ears
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 discloses
                 it
                 to
                 that
                 ,
                 having
                 first
                 obliged
                 him
                 by
                 Oath
                 to
                 Secrecy
                 ;
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 to
                 another
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 while
                 no
                 body
                 knows
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 known
                 to
                 all
                 .
                 Thus
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 moment
                 Calumny
                 passes
                 from
                 the
                 Closet
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Offices
                 ,
                 thence
                 to
                 the
                 Streets
                 and
                 Publick
                 Places
                 .
                 But
                 what
                 wonder
                 is
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 this
                 happens
                 among
                 Domesticks
                 ,
                 when
                 Princes
                 are
                 not
                 assured
                 ,
                 even
                 ,
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 faithfulness
                 ,
                 however
                 desirous
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 conceal
                 their
                 Vices
                 and
                 Tyrannies
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 Conscience
                 accuses
                 them
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 who
                 could
                 not
                 forbear
                 disclosing
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 the
                 Miseries
                 which
                 he
                 suffered
                 from
                 his
                 Crimes
                 16
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 Princes
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 discouraged
                 ,
                 if
                 by
                 their
                 Industry
                 and
                 Diligence
                 they
                 seem
                 not
                 to
                 satisfy
                 every
                 one
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 impossible
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 ever
                 Passion
                 ,
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 so
                 different
                 Judgment
                 of
                 the
                 Mob
                 concur
                 to
                 commend
                 him
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 can
                 this
                 our
                 frail
                 Nature
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 act
                 without
                 Fault
                 and
                 Error
                 .
                 Is
                 any
                 one
                 more
                 careful
                 and
                 sollicitous
                 in
                 giving
                 Light
                 to
                 this
                 World
                 ,
                 any
                 more
                 perfect
                 than
                 that
                 Eye
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 Prince
                 of
                 Light
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 who
                 gives
                 Being
                 ,
                 Colour
                 ,
                 and
                 Beauty
                 to
                 all
                 things
                 ?
                 Yet
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Splendor
                 of
                 his
                 Rays
                 ,
                 Curiosity
                 discovers
                 therein
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 what
                 Spots
                 and
                 Obscurities
                 .
                 This
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 regulate
                 his
                 own
                 Life
                 and
                 Actions
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 extended
                 to
                 those
                 also
                 of
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 the
                 Representatives
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 both
                 God
                 and
                 Men
                 hold
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 less
                 obliged
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 one
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 ●
                 T
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 Moon
                 's
                 defect
                 ,
                 what
                 it
                 suffers
                 in
                 an
                 Eclipse
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 which
                 interposes
                 its
                 Shadow
                 betwixt
                 it
                 and
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 nevertheless
                 every
                 one
                 imputes
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Moon
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 Shadow
                 only
                 is
                 sufficient
                 to
                 darken
                 its
                 Rays
                 ,
                 and
                 create
                 so
                 much
                 prejudice
                 to
                 things
                 here
                 below
                 .
                 Prince's
                 Vices
                 we
                 only
                 attribute
                 to
                 his
                 depraved
                 Will
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 let
                 Crimes
                 in
                 his
                 Ministers
                 go
                 unpunished
                 ,
                 is
                 esteemed
                 baseness
                 of
                 Mind
                 .
                 The
                 vehemence
                 of
                 the
                 Passions
                 and
                 Affections
                 is
                 some
                 excuse
                 for
                 our
                 particular
                 faults
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 indulge
                 them
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 is
                 wholly
                 inexcusable
                 .
                 A
                 Vicious
                 Prince
                 may
                 have
                 Virtuous
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 begin
                 to
                 connive
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 both
                 he
                 and
                 they
                 
                 will
                 be
                 bad
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 sometimes
                 happens
                 ,
                 that
                 an
                 ill
                 Prince's
                 Government
                 may
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 provided
                 he
                 take
                 care
                 others
                 follow
                 not
                 his
                 Example
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 Rigour
                 suffers
                 not
                 any
                 Action
                 to
                 be
                 mimick'd
                 out
                 of
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 nor
                 lets
                 that
                 natural
                 Inclination
                 of
                 the
                 Will
                 prevail
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 every
                 one
                 loves
                 to
                 resemble
                 Princes
                 by
                 imitating
                 their
                 Actions
                 .
                 Grant
                 such
                 a
                 Prince
                 bad
                 for
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 be
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 State.
                 To
                 give
                 absolute
                 Liberty
                 to
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 is
                 wholly
                 to
                 abandon
                 the
                 Reins
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 Wicked
                 Princes
                 are
                 as
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 cured
                 as
                 tainted
                 Lungs
                 ;
                 in
                 that
                 Remedies
                 can't
                 be
                 applied
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 consist
                 in
                 hearing
                 and
                 seeing
                 ,
                 both
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 equally
                 averse
                 to
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 love
                 not
                 that
                 others
                 should
                 hear
                 or
                 see
                 ;
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 their
                 Domesticks
                 and
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 rather
                 applaud
                 .
                 Princes
                 Vices
                 ,
                 don't
                 suffer
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 the
                 Ancients
                 were
                 used
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 great
                 noise
                 with
                 Brass
                 and
                 Cymbals
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Moon
                 was
                 in
                 Eclipse
                 17
                 ;
                 so
                 they
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 with
                 Musick
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Divertisements
                 ,
                 to
                 amuze
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Mind
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 to
                 keep
                 his
                 Ears
                 continually
                 employed
                 ,
                 least
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Clamours
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Voice
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 which
                 discovers
                 Cheats
                 ,
                 should
                 reach
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 being
                 plunged
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Vices
                 with
                 themselves
                 ,
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 none
                 to
                 Reprove
                 and
                 Correct
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XIV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THERE
                 's
                 scarce
                 any
                 one
                 Instrument
                 can
                 by
                 its
                 self
                 make
                 a
                 Work
                 of
                 Art
                 entirely
                 perfect
                 .
                 What
                 the
                 Hammer
                 can't
                 ,
                 the
                 File
                 finishes
                 .
                 Yea
                 ,
                 faults
                 of
                 the
                 Loom
                 the
                 Shears
                 (
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 )
                 correct
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 an
                 additional
                 neatness
                 and
                 beauty
                 to
                 Cloath
                 .
                 The
                 Censure
                 of
                 others
                 rectifies
                 our
                 Manners
                 ;
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 full
                 of
                 Knots
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 the
                 Tongue
                 clip
                 them
                 off
                 :
                 Those
                 whom
                 the
                 Law
                 its
                 self
                 can't
                 Curb
                 or
                 Reform
                 ,
                 oftentimes
                 fear
                 of
                 Blame
                 only
                 restrain
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 the
                 Spur
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 and
                 Bridle
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 right
                 way
                 .
                 Reproofs
                 upon
                 the
                 obedient
                 Ears
                 of
                 a
                 prudent
                 Prince
                 ,
                 are
                 (
                 as
                 Solomon
                 says
                 )
                 
                   like
                   Ear-rings
                   of
                   Gold
                   and
                   glittering
                   Pearls
                
                 1
                 ,
                 wonderfully
                 Ornamental
                 and
                 great
                 
                 Accomplishments
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 more
                 mortal
                 Enemy
                 to
                 Vice
                 than
                 Censure
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 far
                 more
                 Efficacy
                 than
                 Exhortation
                 and
                 Instruction
                 ;
                 for
                 Exhortation
                 proposes
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 future
                 Fame
                 and
                 Glory
                 ;
                 Censure
                 immediately
                 accuses
                 what
                 is
                 Base
                 and
                 Dishonourable
                 ,
                 and
                 inflicts
                 present
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 by
                 divulging
                 the
                 Infamy
                 .
                 That
                 incites
                 us
                 to
                 do
                 well
                 ;
                 this
                 not
                 to
                 do
                 ill
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Mind
                 more
                 easily
                 abstains
                 from
                 what
                 is
                 Ignominious
                 ,
                 than
                 it
                 enterprizes
                 a
                 thing
                 Difficult
                 and
                 Honourable
                 .
                 In
                 effect
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 with
                 reason
                 Honour
                 is
                 reputed
                 to
                 consist
                 in
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 dread
                 that
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 our
                 Actions
                 depend
                 upon
                 each
                 Man's
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 make
                 it
                 our
                 business
                 to
                 satisfy
                 all
                 .
                 Thus
                 ,
                 although
                 Murmur
                 be
                 bad
                 in
                 its
                 self
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 however
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 State
                 ;
                 in
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 has
                 more
                 Power
                 and
                 Influence
                 over
                 Magistrates
                 and
                 Princes
                 .
                 What
                 would
                 not
                 Power
                 dare
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 Blame
                 resist
                 it
                 ?
                 What
                 Crimes
                 would
                 not
                 that
                 fall
                 into
                 ,
                 were
                 there
                 no
                 such
                 thing
                 as
                 this
                 ?
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 better
                 Counsellors
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 than
                 Murmurs
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 proceed
                 from
                 experience
                 of
                 Evils
                 .
                 Could
                 Princes
                 hear
                 them
                 ,
                 undoubtedly
                 things
                 would
                 succeed
                 better
                 .
                 Satyrs
                 and
                 Libels
                 I
                 dare
                 not
                 altogether
                 approve
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 generally
                 either
                 exceed
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 or
                 give
                 rise
                 to
                 Scandals
                 ,
                 Tumults
                 ,
                 and
                 Seditions
                 ;
                 however
                 possibly
                 some
                 allowance
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 therein
                 ,
                 in
                 consideration
                 of
                 the
                 good
                 Effects
                 they
                 have
                 .
                 Obtrectation
                 is
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 Liberty
                 in
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 Tyranny
                 oppresses
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 tolerated
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 happy
                 time
                 when
                 you
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 think
                 what
                 you
                 please
                 ,
                 and
                 speak
                 what
                 you
                 think
                 2
                 .
                 'T
                 would
                 be
                 unjust
                 in
                 him
                 that
                 governs
                 to
                 desire
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 Door
                 upon
                 his
                 Subjects
                 Lips
                 ,
                 and
                 forbid
                 them
                 to
                 complain
                 under
                 the
                 Yoke
                 of
                 their
                 Slavery
                 .
                 Let
                 them
                 Murmur
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 Revile
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 let
                 us
                 Reign
                 ,
                 said
                 Pope
                 Sixtus
                 V.
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 told
                 him
                 how
                 ill
                 Rome
                 spoke
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 Indeed
                 ,
                 not
                 
                 to
                 be
                 concerned
                 or
                 moved
                 at
                 all
                 by
                 Detraction
                 ,
                 were
                 to
                 have
                 cast
                 off
                 all
                 Sentiments
                 of
                 Honour
                 ;
                 than
                 which
                 nothing
                 is
                 worse
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 then
                 makes
                 a
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 Infamy
                 ;
                 he
                 ought
                 therefore
                 so
                 to
                 resent
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 thence
                 to
                 learn
                 something
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 of
                 Revenge
                 .
                 How
                 will
                 one
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 put
                 up
                 greater
                 things
                 ,
                 who
                 can't
                 connive
                 at
                 such
                 inconsiderable
                 Trifles
                 3
                 ?
                 'T
                 was
                 no
                 less
                 Virtue
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Captain
                 †
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Complaints
                 and
                 Clamours
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Garigliano
                 ,
                 than
                 undauntedly
                 to
                 withstand
                 so
                 eminent
                 a
                 Danger
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 impossible
                 to
                 repress
                 this
                 License
                 and
                 Liberty
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 Those
                 Princes
                 are
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 who
                 think
                 by
                 their
                 present
                 Power
                 to
                 extinguish
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 the
                 following
                 Age
                 ,
                 or
                 imagine
                 their
                 Majesty
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 gild
                 bad
                 Actions
                 4
                 .
                 Not
                 all
                 
                 Nero's
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 nor
                 feigned
                 Piety
                 could
                 wash
                 away
                 his
                 Infamy
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 set
                 the
                 City
                 on
                 Fire
                 5
                 .
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 can
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 Slanders
                 come
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Ears
                 ,
                 but
                 can't
                 help
                 but
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 Slanderers
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 forbids
                 his
                 Actions
                 to
                 be
                 spoke
                 of
                 ,
                 renders
                 them
                 suspected
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 Commonalty
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 presume
                 the
                 worst
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 published
                 for
                 bad
                 .
                 Those
                 things
                 are
                 least
                 aggravated
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 much
                 valued
                 Vitellius
                 forbad
                 any
                 one
                 to
                 mention
                 his
                 bad
                 Actions
                 ;
                 hence
                 many
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 would
                 have
                 said
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 meerly
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Prohibition
                 ,
                 spoke
                 more
                 to
                 his
                 disadvantage
                 6
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 Commendations
                 and
                 Invectives
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 tickled
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 by
                 these
                 dejected
                 .
                 If
                 Praises
                 please
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 give
                 ear
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 will
                 try
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 Master
                 of
                 
                 his
                 Mind
                 by
                 Flattery
                 ;
                 if
                 Murmurers
                 be
                 a
                 disturbance
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 decline
                 difficult
                 and
                 glorious
                 Enterprises
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 sluggish
                 in
                 his
                 Government
                 .
                 To
                 be
                 vainly
                 puft
                 up
                 at
                 ones
                 Praises
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 a
                 slender
                 Judgment
                 ;
                 to
                 be
                 offended
                 at
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 is
                 for
                 private
                 Men.
                 To
                 connive
                 at
                 many
                 things
                 is
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 Princes
                 ;
                 to
                 pardon
                 nothing
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 Tyrants
                 .
                 This
                 ,
                 those
                 Great
                 Emperors
                 ,
                 
                   Theodosius
                   ,
                   Arcadius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Honorius
                 ,
                 very
                 well
                 knew
                 when
                 they
                 commanded
                 Ruffinus
                 ,
                 their
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Guards
                 ,
                 not
                 presently
                 to
                 punish
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Clamours
                 against
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 ,
                 said
                 they
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 proceed
                 from
                 Inconstancy
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 despised
                 ;
                 if
                 from
                 Madness
                 or
                 Folly
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 pitied
                 ;
                 if
                 from
                 Malice
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 injure
                 us
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 pardoned
                 7
                 .
                 Once
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 the
                 V.
                 was
                 at
                 Barcelona
                 ,
                 an
                 Accusation
                 was
                 brought
                 him
                 in
                 Writing
                 against
                 some
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 traduced
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 consult
                 with
                 him
                 about
                 the
                 Sentence
                 to
                 be
                 passed
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 inraged
                 at
                 the
                 Person
                 who
                 presented
                 it
                 ,
                 threw
                 the
                 Paper
                 immediately
                 into
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 then
                 accidentally
                 stood
                 and
                 burnt
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 belongs
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 inform
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 but
                 nicely
                 to
                 examine
                 each
                 Word
                 ,
                 is
                 unworthy
                 a
                 generous
                 Breast
                 8
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Roman
                 Republick
                 ,
                 Actions
                 only
                 were
                 punished
                 ,
                 not
                 Words
                 9
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 a
                 wide
                 distance
                 between
                 inconsiderately
                 speaking
                 and
                 maliciously
                 acting
                 10
                 .
                 The
                 Crown
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 Thorny
                 ,
                 did
                 the
                 least
                 thing
                 prick
                 it
                 thus
                 .
                 That
                 Injury
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Person
                 against
                 whom
                 it
                 was
                 designed
                 ,
                 don't
                 look
                 upon
                 as
                 such
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 little
                 ,
                 if
                 at
                 all
                 offensive
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 too
                 much
                 easiness
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 sign
                 he
                 has
                 a
                 mean
                 Opinion
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 moved
                 at
                 every
                 trifling
                 Report
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 an
                 ill
                 Conscience
                 that
                 incites
                 Men
                 to
                 punish
                 Detracters
                 ;
                 a
                 Mind
                 pure
                 and
                 undefiled
                 despises
                 things
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 .
                 
                 If
                 the
                 Aspersion
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Amendment
                 must
                 wipe
                 it
                 off
                 ;
                 if
                 false
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 of
                 its
                 self
                 disappear
                 .
                 For
                 Contempt
                 makes
                 such
                 things
                 wear
                 off
                 ;
                 Resentment
                 i●
                 a
                 seeming
                 acknowledgment
                 of
                 them
                 11
                 .
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 commanded
                 
                 Cremutius's
                 Annals
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 ;
                 which
                 made
                 the
                 People
                 more
                 eager
                 and
                 desirous
                 to
                 read
                 them
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 the
                 Scurrilous
                 Pamphlets
                 of
                 Vejentus
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 eagerly
                 search'd
                 for
                 ,
                 and
                 frequently
                 read
                 ,
                 while
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 without
                 danger
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 being
                 licensed
                 ,
                 soon
                 forgot
                 12
                 .
                 Curiosity
                 submits
                 to
                 no
                 Judges
                 ,
                 fears
                 no
                 Punishment
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 most
                 forbid
                 ,
                 it
                 chiefly
                 engages
                 .
                 The
                 very
                 Prohibition
                 inhances
                 the
                 Value
                 of
                 Satyrical
                 Pieces
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 Men
                 of
                 Wit
                 are
                 punished
                 ,
                 their
                 Authority
                 increases
                 13
                 .
                 No●
                 have
                 those
                 Kings
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 used
                 such
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 procured
                 themselves
                 any
                 thing
                 but
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 Author's
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 14
                 .
                 Now
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 much
                 for
                 a
                 Prince's
                 advantage
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 Ill
                 others
                 speak
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 ready
                 to
                 hear
                 Defamers
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 we
                 easily
                 believe
                 what
                 is
                 accused
                 in
                 others
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 obvious
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 be
                 deceived
                 ,
                 make
                 some
                 unjust
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 or
                 err
                 in
                 giving
                 Judgment
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 very
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 Courts
                 ,
                 where
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 gaping
                 after
                 Preferment
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 are
                 Whet-stones
                 to
                 Defamation
                 ;
                 and
                 Courtiers
                 are
                 usually
                 like
                 those
                 Locusts
                 in
                 the
                 Revelations
                 ,
                 having
                 Mens
                 Faces
                 ,
                 but
                 Lions
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 gnaw
                 and
                 feed
                 on
                 Honour
                 as
                 Ears
                 of
                 Corn
                 15
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 compares
                 their
                 Tongues
                 to
                 a
                 sharp
                 Sword
                 16
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 to
                 Arrows
                 that
                 privily
                 strike
                 the
                 Innocent
                 17
                 .
                 David
                 destroyed
                 them
                 as
                 Enemies
                 18
                 .
                 No
                 Court
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 tolerated
                 ,
                 can
                 be
                 at
                 rest
                 ;
                 and
                 their
                 Whispers
                 will
                 give
                 the
                 Prince
                 no
                 less
                 trouble
                 than
                 Publick
                 Affairs
                 .
                 The
                 Remedy
                 is
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 hear
                 them
                 ,
                 setting
                 two
                 Porters
                 at
                 the
                 Ears
                 ,
                 Reason
                 and
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 opened
                 without
                 considerable
                 occasion
                 .
                 A
                 Guard
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 necessary
                 at
                 the
                 Ears
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Palace-Gates
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 Princes
                 are
                 mighty
                 sollicitous
                 about
                 these
                 ,
                 take
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 care
                 about
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 gives
                 ear
                 too
                 easily
                 to
                 Detracters
                 ,
                 makes
                 them
                 audacious
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 traduces
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 before
                 one
                 who
                 loves
                 to
                 hear
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 would
                 do
                 well
                 also
                 to
                 bring
                 these
                 Bablers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Person
                 accused
                 ,
                 face
                 to
                 face
                 ,
                 telling
                 him
                 what
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 ashamed
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 Discord
                 .
                 This
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 mistake
                 not
                 ,
                 is
                 meant
                 by
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 ,
                 
                   Hedge
                   thy
                   Ears
                   about
                   with
                   Thorns
                
                 19
                 :
                 That
                 he
                 that
                 should
                 put
                 his
                 Mouth
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 tell
                 malicious
                 Stories
                 ,
                 might
                 there
                 find
                 his
                 Punishment
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 has
                 reason
                 to
                 be
                 jealous
                 of
                 one
                 ,
                 who
                 dares
                 not
                 publickly
                 speak
                 what
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 afraid
                 to
                 whisper
                 20
                 ;
                 and
                 although
                 this
                 care
                 may
                 conceal
                 abundance
                 of
                 Truths
                 from
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 for
                 his
                 advantage
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 many
                 Domestick
                 things
                 ,
                 't
                 were
                 better
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 ignorant
                 of
                 than
                 to
                 know
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 to
                 banish
                 all
                 Defamation
                 in
                 general
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 when
                 Accusations
                 proceed
                 not
                 from
                 Malice
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Zeal
                 to
                 serve
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 requisite
                 to
                 hear
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 examine
                 them
                 ,
                 looking
                 on
                 them
                 as
                 Informations
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 good
                 Government
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 own
                 Security
                 also
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Constantine
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Law
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 assigns
                 a
                 Reward
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 would
                 accuse
                 his
                 Ministers
                 and
                 Domesticks
                 of
                 any
                 real
                 Crime
                 21
                 .
                 
                 This
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 may
                 know
                 all
                 that
                 passes
                 in
                 his
                 Palace
                 ,
                 at
                 his
                 Council-Board
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Judicature
                 ,
                 where
                 Fear
                 stops
                 the
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Favours
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 conferred
                 by
                 his
                 Ministers
                 make
                 the
                 Persons
                 gratified
                 dumb
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 dare
                 to
                 discover
                 their
                 Faults
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 ,
                 forsooth
                 ,
                 this
                 were
                 to
                 acknowledge
                 the
                 good
                 Office
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 shew
                 their
                 Gratitude
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 esteemed
                 Disloyalty
                 and
                 Treason
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 Obligation
                 they
                 lie
                 under
                 to
                 undeceive
                 their
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 observe
                 his
                 Ministers
                 to
                 be
                 faulty
                 to
                 inform
                 him
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 natural
                 Obligation
                 of
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 binding
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 an
                 infinite
                 prejudice
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 distribute
                 his
                 Favours
                 by
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 his
                 Favourites
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 buy
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 others
                 a●
                 the
                 price
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 assisting
                 to
                 the
                 neglect
                 of
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 approve
                 and
                 defend
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 deluding
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 reason
                 he
                 continues
                 his
                 Affection
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Ancient
                 Republicks
                 very
                 sensible
                 how
                 conducive
                 Satyrs
                 were
                 to
                 restrain
                 Vice
                 by
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 Infamy
                 ,
                 allowed
                 them
                 upon
                 Publick
                 Theatres
                 ;
                 but
                 these
                 from
                 a
                 general
                 Censure
                 of
                 Mens
                 Morals
                 insensibly
                 degenerated
                 into
                 particular
                 Reflections
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 considerable
                 Injury
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 some
                 ;
                 hence
                 proceeded
                 Factions
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 them
                 popular
                 Insurrections
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 says
                 ,
                 a
                 backbiting
                 Tongue
                 disturbs
                 the
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 whole
                 Families
                 and
                 Cities
                 22
                 .
                 So
                 ,
                 least
                 the
                 Correction
                 of
                 Manners
                 should
                 depend
                 on
                 the
                 Malice
                 of
                 the
                 Tongue
                 or
                 Pen
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 instituted
                 Censors
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 Publick
                 Authority
                 took
                 cognizance
                 of
                 every
                 one's
                 Behaviour
                 ,
                 and
                 corrected
                 their
                 Vices
                 .
                 That
                 Office
                 was
                 in
                 those
                 times
                 of
                 great
                 use
                 ,
                 and
                 continued
                 long
                 in
                 Vogue
                 ,
                 because
                 its
                 Jurisdiction
                 was
                 upheld
                 by
                 Modesty
                 ;
                 however
                 in
                 ours
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 to
                 be
                 executed
                 :
                 For
                 Pride
                 and
                 Libertinism
                 would
                 presently
                 make
                 all
                 the
                 Opposition
                 to
                 it
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 now
                 resist
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 however
                 armed
                 
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 Laws
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 and
                 Publick
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 Censors
                 would
                 be
                 ridiculous
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 great
                 danger
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 nothing
                 more
                 hurtful
                 ,
                 nothing
                 that
                 makes
                 Vice
                 more
                 arrogant
                 and
                 insulting
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 such
                 Remedies
                 to
                 be
                 applied
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 Delinquents
                 turn
                 into
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Ridicule
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Censor
                 was
                 introduced
                 for
                 the
                 Reformation
                 of
                 Manners
                 ,
                 so
                 was
                 it
                 also
                 to
                 Register
                 the
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 of
                 every
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 although
                 that
                 Custom
                 prevailed
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 both
                 among
                 the
                 Greeks
                 and
                 Latins
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 yet
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 odious
                 and
                 subject
                 to
                 vast
                 Inconveniencies
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 know
                 so
                 accurately
                 the
                 Number
                 and
                 Effects
                 of
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 burthen
                 them
                 with
                 more
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Impositions
                 .
                 That
                 numbring
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Israel
                 under
                 King
                 David
                 ,
                 God
                 punished
                 as
                 a
                 most
                 heinous
                 Crime
                 23
                 :
                 For
                 what
                 is
                 so
                 hard
                 and
                 inhuman
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 publishing
                 and
                 proclaiming
                 every
                 ones
                 Estate
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 advantages
                 of
                 Poverty
                 ,
                 and
                 expose
                 Riches
                 to
                 Envy
                 ,
                 Avarice
                 ,
                 and
                 Rapine
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 in
                 those
                 States
                 ,
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Censor
                 ,
                 could
                 heretofore
                 be
                 executed
                 without
                 these
                 Inconveniencies
                 ;
                 't
                 was
                 because
                 its
                 being
                 newly
                 instituted
                 made
                 it
                 generally
                 received
                 and
                 approved
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 because
                 People
                 were
                 then
                 less
                 proud
                 and
                 assuming
                 ,
                 less
                 Rebels
                 to
                 Reason
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 these
                 our
                 Times
                 24
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XV.
                 
                 
              
               
                 HOW
                 I
                 wish
                 I
                 could
                 read
                 on
                 all
                 Princes
                 Breasts
                 ,
                 the
                 Symbol
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 as
                 Balls
                 of
                 Fire
                 flying
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 imitate
                 the
                 Splendor
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 shine
                 immediately
                 from
                 their
                 being
                 thrown
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Hand
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 turn
                 to
                 Ashes
                 ;
                 so
                 in
                 them
                 also
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 compares
                 them
                 to
                 ●
                 bright
                 Fire
                 1
                 )
                 would
                 continually
                 burn
                 the
                 desire
                 of
                 Fame
                 2
                 ;
                 nor
                 should
                 they
                 much
                 care
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 Flames
                 wanting
                 Matter
                 to
                 feed
                 on
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 what
                 burns
                 most
                 fiercely
                 ,
                 is
                 withal
                 soonest
                 consumed
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 length
                 of
                 Life
                 be
                 the
                 common
                 desire
                 of
                 Man
                 and
                 Beast
                 ,
                 yet
                 have
                 these
                 no
                 other
                 end
                 than
                 meer
                 living
                 ,
                 but
                 Man
                 of
                 living
                 uprightly
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 no
                 happiness
                 to
                 live
                 but
                 
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 live
                 ,
                 nor
                 does
                 he
                 live
                 most
                 ,
                 who
                 lives
                 longest
                 ,
                 but
                 who
                 lives
                 best
                 ;
                 for
                 Life
                 is
                 not
                 measured
                 by
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 use
                 that
                 's
                 made
                 on
                 't
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 whose
                 Life
                 like
                 a
                 Star
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 a
                 Cloud
                 ,
                 or
                 like
                 the
                 Full
                 Moon
                 ,
                 shines
                 upon
                 others
                 with
                 Rays
                 of
                 Bounty
                 and
                 Munificence
                 in
                 its
                 Season
                 ,
                 does
                 undoubtedly
                 live
                 long
                 3
                 :
                 As
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 he
                 who
                 lives
                 only
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 lives
                 to
                 a
                 great
                 Age
                 ,
                 lives
                 but
                 little
                 .
                 The
                 Benefits
                 and
                 Improvements
                 which
                 flow
                 from
                 a
                 Prince
                 upon
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 number
                 the
                 Days
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 4
                 ,
                 those
                 who
                 live
                 without
                 them
                 ,
                 Oblivion
                 deducts
                 from
                 the
                 Sum
                 5
                 .
                 
                   Titus
                   Vespasian
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 calling
                 to
                 mind
                 once
                 at
                 Supper
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 nothing
                 for
                 any
                 one
                 that
                 Day
                 ,
                 pronounced
                 that
                 remarkable
                 and
                 justly
                 admired
                 Sentence
                 ,
                 
                   Friend
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   lost
                   a
                   Day
                   .
                
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 reported
                 of
                 Peter
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   deserves
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   King
                   ,
                   who
                   does
                   not
                   each
                   day
                   bestow
                   some
                   Favour
                   or
                   Benefit
                   upon
                   the
                   State.
                
                 No
                 Man's
                 Li●●'s
                 so
                 short
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 affords
                 time
                 enough
                 to
                 execute
                 some
                 glorious
                 Exploit
                 .
                 A
                 brave
                 Spirit
                 in
                 one
                 Moment
                 resolves
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 few
                 more
                 executes
                 its
                 Resolutions
                 .
                 What
                 matter
                 's
                 it
                 if
                 he
                 falls
                 in
                 the
                 attempt
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Memory
                 he
                 left
                 behind
                 raises
                 him
                 to
                 Life
                 Eternal
                 .
                 It
                 only
                 can
                 be
                 called
                 Life
                 which
                 is
                 bounded
                 by
                 Fame
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 which
                 consists
                 in
                 Body
                 and
                 Vital
                 Warmth
                 ,
                 which
                 no
                 sooner
                 begins
                 ,
                 but
                 begins
                 to
                 die
                 too
                 .
                 Death
                 is
                 naturally
                 equal
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 distinguished
                 by
                 the
                 Glory
                 or
                 Oblivion
                 we
                 leave
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
                 Who
                 dying
                 makes
                 Renown
                 a
                 Substitute
                 for
                 Life
                 ,
                 lives
                 still
                 .
                 Strange
                 force
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 which
                 even
                 against
                 Nature
                 ,
                 makes
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 of
                 its
                 self
                 fading
                 and
                 perishable
                 ,
                 Immortally
                 glorious
                 .
                 Tacitus
                 did
                 not
                 think
                 
                 Agricola's
                 Life
                 short
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 snatch'd
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 prime
                 of
                 his
                 Years
                 :
                 for
                 his
                 Glory
                 prolong'd
                 his
                 Life
                 6
                 .
                 Let
                 no
                 
                 one
                 despise
                 or
                 slight
                 Posthumous
                 Fame
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Mind
                 covets
                 it
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 an
                 acknowledgement
                 that
                 one
                 time
                 or
                 other
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 enjoyed
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 wrong
                 ,
                 who
                 think
                 it
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 leave
                 it
                 behind
                 them
                 in
                 Statues
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 Posterity
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 one
                 't
                 is
                 fading
                 ,
                 in
                 t'other
                 't
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 theirs
                 .
                 That
                 only
                 is
                 their
                 own
                 which
                 springs
                 from
                 Actions
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 not
                 extraordinary
                 Merit
                 no
                 Praise
                 ;
                 for
                 Fame
                 is
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Admiration
                 .
                 To
                 be
                 Born
                 ,
                 only
                 to
                 make
                 One
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 Rout
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 for
                 Princes
                 to
                 appear
                 perspicuously
                 eminent
                 among
                 others
                 .
                 Others
                 study
                 what
                 they
                 think
                 their
                 own
                 Interest
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 utmost
                 and
                 only
                 aim
                 of
                 Princes
                 should
                 be
                 Glory
                 7
                 .
                 Avarice
                 ,
                 and
                 desire
                 of
                 Riches
                 ,
                 fill
                 their
                 Breasts
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 Prince
                 should
                 be
                 inflamed
                 by
                 an
                 Ambition
                 of
                 Fame
                 8
                 .
                 
                   
                     A
                     heavenly
                     Heat
                     inspires
                     our
                     Prince's
                     Veins
                     .
                  
                   
                     Virg.
                     
                  
                
                 A
                 generous
                 Spirit
                 knows
                 no
                 mean
                 ;
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 either
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 or
                 no
                 body
                 ;
                 either
                 a
                 shining
                 Star
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 dark
                 Cinder
                 ;
                 nor
                 will
                 this
                 ,
                 if
                 honourably
                 extinguished
                 ,
                 shine
                 less
                 gloriously
                 on
                 Obelisks
                 ,
                 than
                 t'other
                 .
                 Nor
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 Soul
                 truly
                 great
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 best
                 Gunpowder
                 fired
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 immediately
                 burst
                 the
                 Body
                 that
                 includes
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Breast
                 is
                 too
                 narrow
                 to
                 contain
                 a
                 brisk
                 and
                 active
                 Soul.
                 
                   Garci
                   Sancho
                
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Navarre
                 ,
                 going
                 to
                 ingage
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 trembled
                 all
                 over
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 behaved
                 himself
                 bravely
                 and
                 couragiously
                 .
                 His
                 Body
                 dreaded
                 that
                 great
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 his
                 Courage
                 prepared
                 to
                 carry
                 it
                 .
                 Let
                 it
                 therefore
                 be
                 the
                 whole
                 Aim
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 live
                 gloriously
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 Light
                 in
                 this
                 
                 World
                 9
                 .
                 All
                 other
                 things
                 will
                 come
                 with
                 ease
                 ,
                 but
                 Fame
                 not
                 without
                 Assiduity
                 and
                 Application
                 10
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 he
                 loses
                 his
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 very
                 difficultly
                 recover
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 what
                 the
                 People
                 once
                 conceive
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 never
                 afterwards
                 forget
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 sets
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 value
                 upon
                 Life
                 ,
                 avoids
                 Toils
                 and
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 two
                 ,
                 Honour
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 attained
                 .
                 This
                 Tacitus
                 observed
                 in
                 King
                 Marabodo
                 ,
                 who
                 quitting
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 lazily
                 and
                 shamefully
                 spent
                 his
                 Days
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 losing
                 much
                 of
                 his
                 Reputation
                 through
                 a
                 too
                 fond
                 desire
                 of
                 Life
                 11
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 so
                 stere
                 his
                 Course
                 ,
                 be
                 the
                 Sea
                 Calm
                 or
                 Tempestuous
                 ,
                 as
                 still
                 to
                 keep
                 his
                 Eye
                 upon
                 that
                 shining
                 Beacon
                 of
                 Glory
                 ;
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 calling
                 to
                 mind
                 (
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 admit
                 ,
                 or
                 think
                 of
                 nothing
                 unworthy
                 himself
                 )
                 that
                 History
                 will
                 publish
                 his
                 Fame
                 ,
                 his
                 Exploits
                 and
                 Glorious
                 Atchievements
                 to
                 all
                 Ages
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 all
                 Nations
                 .
                 Princes
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 Superior
                 than
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 Fame
                 ;
                 they
                 alone
                 by
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 Punishment
                 and
                 Infamy
                 oblige
                 them
                 to
                 Act
                 honourably
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 they
                 often
                 fear
                 Historians
                 more
                 than
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 more
                 aw'd
                 by
                 the
                 Pen
                 than
                 the
                 Sword.
                 King
                 Balthasar
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 saw
                 only
                 the
                 Hand
                 and
                 Pen
                 ,
                 as
                 yet
                 not
                 knowing
                 what
                 they
                 would
                 write
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 disorder'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   quaked
                   all
                   over
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Ioints
                   of
                   his
                   Back
                   were
                   loosened
                
                 12
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 neither
                 regard
                 God
                 nor
                 Glory
                 ,
                 nothing
                 Glorious
                 or
                 Honourable
                 can
                 be
                 expected
                 .
                 For
                 who
                 e're
                 slights
                 Honour
                 ,
                 despises
                 Virtue
                 .
                 A
                 generous
                 desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 avoids
                 the
                 blemish
                 of
                 Vice
                 or
                 Injustice
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 there
                 a
                 more
                 Savage
                 Brute
                 than
                 that
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 neither
                 moved
                 by
                 remorse
                 of
                 Conscience
                 ,
                 or
                 desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 there
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 ,
                 no
                 danger
                 in
                 Glory
                 ;
                 for
                 its
                 brightness
                 often
                 dazles
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 leads
                 them
                 headlong
                 into
                 
                 Rashness
                 and
                 Temerity
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 seems
                 Honourable
                 and
                 Glorious
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 Vanity
                 or
                 Folly
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 Pride
                 or
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 oftentimes
                 Ambition
                 and
                 mere
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 They
                 propose
                 great
                 matters
                 ,
                 egg'd
                 on
                 by
                 the
                 Flatteries
                 of
                 their
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 set
                 before
                 them
                 many
                 things
                 under
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 concealing
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 unjust
                 and
                 inconvenient
                 Means
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 attained
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 being
                 seduced
                 ,
                 they
                 oftentimes
                 find
                 themselves
                 deluded
                 and
                 ruined
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 Glory
                 is
                 safe
                 which
                 springs
                 from
                 a
                 generous
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 keeps
                 within
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 Reason
                 and
                 Possibility
                 .
                 Since
                 therefore
                 Honour
                 and
                 Infamy
                 are
                 the
                 strongest
                 Excitements
                 to
                 good
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 both
                 are
                 by
                 History
                 delivered
                 down
                 to
                 Posterity
                 ;
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 convenient
                 by
                 Rewards
                 proposed
                 to
                 excite
                 Historians
                 to
                 write
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 countenance
                 Typography
                 ,
                 the
                 true
                 Treasury
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Rewards
                 of
                 grea●
                 Actions
                 are
                 deposited
                 to
                 future
                 Ages
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XVI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 'T
                 IS
                 an
                 old
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   Purple
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   judged
                   by
                   Purple
                
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Ancients
                 signified
                 ,
                 that
                 things
                 were
                 then
                 best
                 distinguished
                 ,
                 when
                 one
                 was
                 compared
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 such
                 as
                 could
                 not
                 easily
                 be
                 distinguish'd
                 by
                 themselves
                 .
                 Thus
                 Merchants
                 do
                 ,
                 who
                 compare
                 Colour
                 to
                 Colour
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 shew
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 a
                 surer
                 Judgment
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 of
                 both
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Iupiter
                   Capitolinus
                
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Cloak
                 (
                 a
                 Present
                 of
                 some
                 King
                 from
                 Persia
                 )
                 of
                 such
                 an
                 excellent
                 Grain
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Robes
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Ladies
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 even
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Aurelian
                 himself
                 ,
                 compared
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 look'd
                 as
                 faint
                 as
                 Ashes
                 .
                 If
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 ,
                 when
                 raised
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 would
                 exmine
                 ,
                 and
                 know
                 the
                 true
                 worth
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Purple
                 ,
                 expose
                 it
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 false
                 Light
                 of
                 Flatterers
                 and
                 fawning
                 
                 Knaves
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 will
                 never
                 shew
                 you
                 its
                 true
                 Colour
                 :
                 Nor
                 rely
                 too
                 much
                 upon
                 self-love
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 like
                 an
                 Eye
                 ,
                 that
                 sees
                 all
                 things
                 but
                 its
                 self
                 .
                 'T
                 will
                 be
                 therefore
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 Eyes
                 are
                 known
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Species
                 ,
                 like
                 Forms
                 represented
                 in
                 a
                 Glass
                 ;
                 so
                 your
                 Highness
                 would
                 compare
                 the
                 Lustre
                 of
                 your
                 Diadem
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 your
                 Glorious
                 Predecessors
                 ,
                 seriously
                 reflecting
                 if
                 any
                 Virtues
                 shine
                 more
                 bright
                 in
                 theirs
                 than
                 yours
                 ,
                 by
                 viewing
                 your self
                 in
                 them
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Glass
                 1
                 .
                 Let
                 your
                 Highness
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 compare
                 your
                 own
                 Actions
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 your
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 will
                 easily
                 see
                 the
                 difference
                 between
                 yours
                 and
                 theirs
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 either
                 give
                 a
                 true
                 Colour
                 to
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 or
                 rejoyce
                 in
                 the
                 Worth
                 of
                 your
                 own
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 you
                 happen
                 to
                 have
                 out-done
                 your
                 Predecessors
                 .
                 Let
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 therefore
                 please
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 whether
                 you
                 Equal
                 your
                 Father
                 in
                 Courage
                 ,
                 your
                 Grandfather
                 in
                 Piety
                 ;
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 in
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 in
                 Greatness
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ;
                 Philip
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 in
                 Affability
                 ;
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 in
                 Policy
                 ;
                 in
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 that
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 Nick-named
                 from
                 his
                 broken
                 Hands
                 ;
                 in
                 Justice
                 ,
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Eleventh
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Holy
                 ,
                 in
                 Religion
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 moreover
                 ,
                 your
                 Highness
                 would
                 be
                 stir'd
                 up
                 by
                 a
                 generous
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 glorious
                 Desire
                 of
                 imitating
                 these
                 Great
                 Men.
                 
                   Quintus
                   Maximus
                
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Scipio
                
                 ,
                 were
                 used
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 e're
                 they
                 beheld
                 the
                 Images
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 their
                 Souls
                 were
                 fired
                 and
                 excited
                 on
                 to
                 Virtue
                 :
                 Not
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 moved
                 by
                 the
                 meer
                 Wax
                 or
                 Stone
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 comparing
                 their
                 own
                 Actions
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 rest
                 till
                 they
                 equall'd
                 them
                 in
                 Glory
                 and
                 Renown
                 .
                 Elogies
                 inscribed
                 on
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 speak
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 Living
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 certain
                 Summaries
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 Memory's
                 sake
                 ,
                 the
                 Virtue
                 of
                 the
                 Predecessor
                 leaves
                 to
                 the
                 Successor
                 .
                 Mattathias
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 by
                 calling
                 to
                 mind
                 the
                 Actions
                 
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 his
                 Sons
                 should
                 acquire
                 present
                 Glory
                 and
                 eternal
                 Renown
                 2
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Cause
                 also
                 ,
                 the
                 High
                 Priests
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 Princes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 wore
                 upon
                 their
                 Breasts
                 the
                 Virtues
                 of
                 the
                 Twelve
                 Patriarchs
                 ,
                 their
                 Predecessors
                 ,
                 engraven
                 upon
                 as
                 many
                 Stones
                 3
                 .
                 In
                 effect
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 vie
                 with
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 in
                 Glory
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 his
                 Inferiors
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 no
                 praise
                 to
                 excel
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 out-done
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 Scandal
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Tiberius
                 observed
                 as
                 Law
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Sayings
                 and
                 Exploits
                 of
                 Augustus
                 4
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 let
                 your
                 Highness
                 compare
                 the
                 Purple
                 you
                 wear
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 you
                 wore
                 formerly
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 are
                 oftentimes
                 desirous
                 to
                 forget
                 what
                 we
                 have
                 been
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 upbraiding
                 our selves
                 with
                 what
                 we
                 are
                 .
                 Let
                 your
                 Highness
                 consider
                 ,
                 whether
                 you
                 are
                 grown
                 better
                 or
                 worse
                 ,
                 for
                 we
                 find
                 it
                 often
                 happens
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 their
                 Reigns
                 ,
                 Princes
                 minds
                 are
                 gloriously
                 bent
                 upon
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 their
                 Office
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 afterwards
                 they
                 grow
                 more
                 remiss
                 .
                 Almost
                 all
                 begin
                 their
                 Reigns
                 with
                 Great
                 and
                 Glorious
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 last
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 either
                 they
                 sink
                 under
                 the
                 Weight
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 or
                 grow
                 Effeminate
                 by
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Ease
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 easily
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 forgetting
                 they
                 are
                 obliged
                 to
                 keep
                 and
                 preserve
                 their
                 once
                 gotten
                 Glory
                 .
                 This
                 very
                 thing
                 Tacitus
                 remarks
                 in
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 Experience
                 in
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 altered
                 and
                 ruined
                 by
                 the
                 mere
                 force
                 of
                 Government
                 5
                 .
                 A
                 long
                 Reign
                 creates
                 Pride
                 ,
                 and
                 Pride
                 the
                 hatred
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 same
                 Author
                 observes
                 in
                 King
                 Vannius
                 6
                 .
                 Many
                 begin
                 
                 their
                 Reigns
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 but
                 few
                 continue
                 so
                 ;
                 because
                 their
                 Ministers
                 are
                 Flatterers
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 they
                 are
                 taught
                 to
                 Act
                 boldly
                 and
                 unjustly
                 .
                 As
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 Vespasian
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 was
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 bent
                 upon
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 until
                 by
                 the
                 Indulgence
                 of
                 Fortune
                 and
                 Advice
                 of
                 Evil
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 he
                 learnt
                 it
                 7
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 your
                 Highness
                 compare
                 not
                 only
                 your
                 own
                 Virtues
                 and
                 Actions
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 of
                 your
                 Ancestors
                 with
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 by
                 confronting
                 the
                 Purple
                 of
                 some
                 stain'd
                 with
                 Vices
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 others
                 glossy
                 and
                 shining
                 with
                 great
                 and
                 noble
                 Actions
                 :
                 For
                 Examples
                 never
                 move
                 us
                 more
                 than
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 confronted
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 Let
                 your
                 Highness
                 compare
                 the
                 Royal
                 Robe
                 of
                 King
                 †
                 Hermenigildus
                 ,
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 Peter
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ;
                 one
                 glittering
                 with
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 died
                 with
                 Blood
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 gloriously
                 spilt
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Leuvigildus
                 ,
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 infected
                 with
                 the
                 Arrian
                 Heresy
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 trampled
                 under
                 the
                 Feet
                 of
                 Horses
                 in
                 a
                 Battle
                 at
                 Girone
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 brought
                 Succours
                 to
                 the
                 Albigensians
                 in
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 your
                 Highness
                 cast
                 your
                 Eyes
                 back
                 upon
                 past
                 Ages
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 Spain
                 ruined
                 by
                 the
                 licentious
                 Lives
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Witiza
                 and
                 Roderick
                 ,
                 but
                 recovered
                 again
                 by
                 the
                 Piety
                 and
                 Courage
                 of
                 Pelagius
                 .
                 You
                 'll
                 see
                 Peter
                 deposed
                 ,
                 and
                 killed
                 for
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 Henry
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 advanced
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 for
                 his
                 singular
                 Mildness
                 .
                 You
                 'll
                 see
                 the
                 Glorious
                 Infant
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 blessed
                 by
                 Heaven
                 with
                 many
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 accept
                 of
                 that
                 of
                 his
                 Grandson
                 ,
                 King
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 although
                 there
                 were
                 those
                 who
                 freely
                 offered
                 it
                 him
                 :
                 On
                 t'other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 Infant
                 Sancho
                 accused
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Father
                 of
                 Disobedience
                 and
                 Ingratude
                 ,
                 before
                 Pope
                 Martin
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 usurped
                 the
                 Throne
                 in
                 his
                 life-time
                 .
                 This
                 
                 Comparison
                 your
                 Highness
                 may
                 follow
                 as
                 a
                 sure
                 Guide
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 your
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 for
                 ,
                 though
                 by
                 Discourse
                 and
                 Conversation
                 you
                 may
                 know
                 the
                 Lustre
                 and
                 Brightness
                 of
                 Heroick
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 the
                 Baseness
                 and
                 Infamy
                 of
                 Ill
                 Actions
                 ;
                 yet
                 all
                 these
                 move
                 us
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 considered
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 those
                 Persons
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 have
                 made
                 Glorious
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 or
                 Despicable
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XVII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Tree
                 bedeck'd
                 with
                 Trophies
                 ,
                 is
                 still
                 a
                 Trunk
                 as
                 afore
                 ;
                 those
                 which
                 were
                 an
                 Honour
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 are
                 but
                 a
                 burthen
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 So
                 truly
                 ,
                 the
                 glorious
                 Exploits
                 of
                 Ancestors
                 are
                 but
                 a
                 Shame
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 to
                 the
                 Successor
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 imitates
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 Nor
                 does
                 he
                 inherit
                 
                 their
                 Glory
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Actions
                 only
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 Imitation
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 will
                 obtain
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Just
                 as
                 light
                 is
                 reflected
                 from
                 a
                 Diamond
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 finds
                 substance
                 ,
                 but
                 quickly
                 pierces
                 Glass
                 which
                 is
                 thin
                 and
                 transparent
                 ;
                 so
                 if
                 the
                 Successor
                 be
                 Stout
                 and
                 Brave
                 ,
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 Predecessors
                 adds
                 yet
                 a
                 greater
                 Lustre
                 and
                 Brightness
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 like
                 thin
                 and
                 paultry
                 Glass
                 ,
                 he
                 can't
                 withstand
                 the
                 Lustre
                 ,
                 it
                 serves
                 only
                 to
                 discover
                 his
                 vile
                 and
                 abject
                 Soul.
                 The
                 Actions
                 of
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 only
                 Examples
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 are
                 Laws
                 to
                 the
                 Successor
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 whole
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Prerogative
                 of
                 Nobility
                 is
                 grounded
                 upon
                 this
                 Supposition
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Descendants
                 will
                 imitate
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 their
                 Forefathers
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 vainly
                 boasts
                 of
                 these
                 without
                 imitating
                 them
                 ,
                 only
                 shews
                 the
                 difference
                 between
                 himself
                 and
                 them
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 blamed
                 for
                 not
                 equalizing
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 bears
                 no
                 relation
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Rome
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 place
                 before
                 their
                 Doors
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 the
                 Illustrious
                 Men
                 of
                 their
                 Families
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 shew
                 to
                 Posterity
                 what
                 Obligation
                 they
                 lie
                 under
                 .
                 Bodislaus
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Poland
                 ,
                 always
                 wore
                 his
                 Father's
                 Picture
                 in
                 Gold
                 about
                 his
                 Neck
                 ;
                 and
                 whenever
                 any
                 Affair
                 of
                 great
                 consequence
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 determined
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 and
                 kissing
                 on
                 't
                 ,
                 with
                 Veneration
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   God
                   grant
                   I
                   may
                   never
                   do
                   any
                   thing
                   unworthy
                   your
                   Royal
                   Name
                   .
                
                 How
                 many
                 such
                 Medals
                 of
                 your
                 Heroick
                 Ancestors
                 might
                 your
                 Highness
                 find
                 ?
                 Which
                 would
                 never
                 permit
                 you
                 to
                 act
                 any
                 thing
                 beneath
                 their
                 Royal
                 Blood
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 would
                 rather
                 encourage
                 and
                 excite
                 you
                 to
                 out-do
                 them
                 in
                 glorious
                 Exploits
                 ?
                 Now
                 ,
                 if
                 this
                 Emulation
                 of
                 Ancestors
                 enflame
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 they
                 certainly
                 deserve
                 the
                 principal
                 Employments
                 in
                 the
                 State.
                 For
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 likely
                 those
                 should
                 be
                 best
                 who
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 best
                 1
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 Presumption
                 and
                 Experience
                 teach
                 ,
                 for
                 Eagles
                 hatch
                 Eagles
                 ,
                 and
                 Lions
                 beget
                 Lions
                 .
                 And
                 oft-times
                 self-worth
                 and
                 fear
                 of
                 Infamy
                 stirs
                 up
                 noble
                 
                 Thoughts
                 in
                 the
                 mind
                 .
                 Yet
                 ,
                 I
                 grant
                 that
                 this
                 Rule
                 holds
                 not
                 always
                 good
                 ,
                 either
                 because
                 Nature
                 can't
                 do
                 what
                 she
                 would
                 2
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 of
                 ill
                 Education
                 and
                 Effeminacy
                 ;
                 or
                 because
                 Mens
                 Souls
                 themselves
                 are
                 not
                 equally
                 noble
                 and
                 generous
                 ,
                 but
                 act
                 differently
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Affection
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 drowned
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 too
                 ,
                 who
                 seem
                 only
                 to
                 inherit
                 the
                 Trophies
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 without
                 their
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 wholly
                 different
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 we
                 have
                 an
                 Example
                 in
                 the
                 Eagles
                 themselves
                 ,
                 who
                 altho'
                 they
                 commonly
                 breed
                 Eagles
                 ;
                 yet
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 ,
                 who
                 think
                 that
                 Ostriches
                 are
                 a
                 certain
                 Species
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 tho'
                 wholly
                 degenerate
                 ,
                 having
                 neither
                 the
                 generosity
                 ,
                 strength
                 ,
                 nor
                 swiftness
                 of
                 an
                 Eagle
                 ;
                 this
                 fine
                 Bird
                 being
                 transformed
                 into
                 a
                 loathsome
                 dull
                 Animal
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 scarce
                 credible
                 how
                 prejudicial
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 discretion
                 or
                 regard
                 to
                 Merit
                 ,
                 to
                 elect
                 only
                 the
                 Nobility
                 into
                 Publick
                 Offices
                 ,
                 as
                 though
                 the
                 Experience
                 and
                 Virtue
                 of
                 Ancestors
                 ran
                 in
                 the
                 Blood
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
                 Industry
                 will
                 languish
                 ,
                 Virtue
                 will
                 grow
                 sluggish
                 and
                 lazy
                 ,
                 if
                 only
                 grounded
                 upon
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 look
                 upon
                 Rewards
                 as
                 its
                 just
                 due
                 ;
                 nor
                 will
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 obtaining
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 losing
                 them
                 ,
                 be
                 a
                 means
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 act
                 honourably
                 :
                 Which
                 very
                 Argument
                 Tiberius
                 used
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 to
                 perswade
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 
                   M.
                   Hortalus
                
                 ,
                 which
                 tho'
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 was
                 fallen
                 to
                 Poverty
                 3
                 .
                 In
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 Men
                 of
                 Great
                 and
                 Noble
                 Families
                 may
                 be
                 well
                 preferred
                 to
                 Places
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Authority
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Splendor
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 the
                 Family
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 .
                 In
                 Military
                 Offices
                 the
                 case
                 is
                 alter'd
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 require
                 activity
                 and
                 strength
                 both
                 of
                 Mind
                 and
                 Body
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 these
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 in
                 altogether
                 so
                 
                 great
                 Perfection
                 as
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 the
                 Merits
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 common
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Respect
                 of
                 Men
                 will
                 easily
                 compensate
                 for
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 yet
                 can
                 they
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 supply
                 an
                 intire
                 defect
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 Tacitus
                 deservedly
                 ridiculed
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 Vitellius
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 Command
                 the
                 Legions
                 of
                 
                   Lower
                   Germany
                
                 ;
                 not
                 considering
                 his
                 Incapacity
                 for
                 such
                 an
                 Office
                 ,
                 it
                 seem'd
                 enough
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Vitellius
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 for
                 three
                 times
                 Consul
                 4
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 acted
                 not
                 so
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 he
                 conferr'd
                 Honours
                 respecting
                 both
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 the
                 Family
                 ,
                 the
                 Excellency
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 his
                 worth
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 appear
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 without
                 Reason
                 prefer
                 one
                 before
                 another
                 5
                 .
                 I
                 grant
                 that
                 the
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 Nobility
                 may
                 do
                 much
                 in
                 War
                 ;
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 that
                 ,
                 but
                 Bravery
                 and
                 Industry
                 that
                 routs
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 The
                 Germans
                 formerly
                 chose
                 their
                 Kings
                 for
                 their
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Generals
                 for
                 their
                 Valour
                 6
                 .
                 Then
                 Arms
                 flourish
                 when
                 Valour
                 and
                 Virtue
                 are
                 in
                 esteem
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 possession
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Posts
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 either
                 acquire
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 or
                 enlarge
                 and
                 illustrate
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 already
                 .
                 The
                 hope
                 of
                 this
                 furnisht
                 past
                 Ages
                 with
                 brave
                 Heroick
                 Generals
                 ;
                 but
                 where
                 this
                 is
                 wanting
                 ,
                 Art
                 Military
                 is
                 neglected
                 and
                 slighted
                 ;
                 for
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Preferment
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 can
                 recompence
                 the
                 Inconveniences
                 and
                 Perils
                 of
                 War.
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 true
                 as
                 some
                 suppose
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 Respect
                 and
                 Obedience
                 is
                 paid
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 noblest
                 Families
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 qualified
                 with
                 these
                 two
                 great
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 Conduct
                 and
                 Valour
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 deference
                 paid
                 to
                 their
                 Blood
                 will
                 be
                 only
                 meer
                 Ceremony
                 ,
                 not
                 real
                 Respect
                 .
                 The
                 Heart
                 values
                 and
                 admires
                 only
                 such
                 a
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Greatness
                 of
                 Soul
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 the
                 Maker
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 Fortune
                 .
                 
                 Columbus
                 gave
                 Laws
                 to
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Herman
                   Cortez
                
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 New
                 World
                 ;
                 these
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 spring
                 from
                 Illustrious
                 Families
                 ,
                 yet
                 did
                 they
                 procure
                 a
                 Nobility
                 for
                 their
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 equal
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Rank
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 noted
                 Rivers
                 take
                 their
                 rise
                 and
                 beginning
                 from
                 the
                 smallest
                 Rivolets
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 take
                 their
                 Name
                 and
                 Glory
                 from
                 the
                 Channel
                 .
                 In
                 War
                 ,
                 where
                 Courage
                 and
                 Bravery
                 are
                 most
                 esteem'd
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 expedient
                 to
                 promote
                 those
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 Honours
                 who
                 have
                 merited
                 it
                 by
                 noble
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 perhaps
                 but
                 of
                 mean
                 Extraction
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 dangerous
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 commit
                 the
                 Government
                 to
                 mean
                 and
                 worthless
                 Persons
                 ;
                 't
                 will
                 immediately
                 incense
                 the
                 Noble
                 and
                 Brave
                 against
                 him
                 for
                 slighting
                 and
                 mistrusting
                 their
                 I●tegrity
                 7
                 .
                 Which
                 then
                 chiefly
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Subject
                 is
                 not
                 endowed
                 with
                 good
                 Natural
                 Parts
                 ,
                 not
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 cried
                 up
                 and
                 admired
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 obscurity
                 of
                 Birth
                 being
                 sufficiently
                 brightned
                 by
                 the
                 excellent
                 Endowments
                 of
                 Mind
                 .
                 We
                 see
                 many
                 ,
                 who
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 born
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 used
                 to
                 say
                 of
                 
                   Curtius
                   Rufus
                
                 8
                 .
                 To
                 such
                 as
                 these
                 
                 Claudian's
                 Praise
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 choice
                 of
                 Ministers
                 is
                 well
                 adapted
                 .
              
               
                 Mirit
                 ,
                 not
                 Birth
                 ,
                 he
                 does
                 prefer
                 †
                 ;
              
               
                 Nor
                 cares
                 he
                 whence
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 they
                 are
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Nobility
                 be
                 corrupted
                 by
                 Ease
                 and
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 't
                 were
                 adviseable
                 to
                 reform
                 it
                 by
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 to
                 institute
                 an
                 entire
                 new
                 set
                 .
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 are
                 easily
                 purified
                 and
                 clean'd
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 make
                 Gold
                 out
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 vast
                 labour
                 beyond
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Chymistry
                 to
                 perform
                 .
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 was
                 therefore
                 very
                 ill
                 advised
                 by
                 some
                 to
                 ruin
                 all
                 the
                 Grandees
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 promote
                 those
                 of
                 mean
                 Fortune
                 .
                 
                 Though
                 the
                 Licentiousness
                 and
                 Disobedience
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 may
                 sometimes
                 require
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 humbled
                 ;
                 for
                 too
                 much
                 Greatness
                 begets
                 Pride
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Aversion
                 to
                 Subjection
                 and
                 Obedience
                 9
                 .
                 The
                 weakest
                 always
                 seek
                 Justice
                 and
                 Equity
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 stronger
                 trouble
                 not
                 themselves
                 with
                 it
                 10
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 generally
                 more
                 quiet
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 Great
                 Ones
                 to
                 protect
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 foment
                 their
                 Innovations
                 11
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Castile
                 don
                 't
                 allow
                 two
                 Great
                 and
                 Noble
                 Families
                 to
                 incorporate
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 Estate
                 might
                 be
                 more
                 divided
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 not
                 creat
                 Jealousy
                 and
                 Envy
                 among
                 others
                 12
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 ways
                 under
                 the
                 pretext
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Favour
                 to
                 remedy
                 excess
                 of
                 Riches
                 ,
                 in
                 giving
                 opportunity
                 of
                 employing
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 People
                 .
                 But
                 Prodigality
                 and
                 Luxury
                 are
                 now
                 grown
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 occasion
                 for
                 such
                 means
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Nobility
                 are
                 so
                 much
                 straitned
                 by
                 Debts
                 ,
                 and
                 necessary
                 Expences
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 want
                 means
                 to
                 execute
                 such
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 attempt
                 Innovation
                 .
                 While
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 great
                 beyond
                 what
                 they
                 can
                 ,
                 they
                 become
                 even
                 less
                 than
                 what
                 they
                 are
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 noblest
                 and
                 most
                 renowned
                 Families
                 are
                 ruined
                 by
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 Grandure
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 13
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 too
                 much
                 Riches
                 are
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 is
                 extream
                 Poverty
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 Great
                 Ones
                 have
                 squandred
                 away
                 their
                 Estates
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 set
                 up
                 for
                 Innovation
                 14
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XVIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 VIRTUE
                 has
                 given
                 Empire
                 to
                 many
                 ,
                 Vice
                 to
                 few
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 the
                 Scepter
                 was
                 a
                 violent
                 and
                 dangerous
                 Usurpation
                 ,
                 in
                 those
                 a
                 just
                 Title
                 and
                 lasting
                 Succession
                 .
                 Virtue
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 occult
                 and
                 secret
                 Force
                 ,
                 does
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 compel
                 Men
                 to
                 love
                 and
                 admire
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Elements
                 obey
                 the
                 Heavens
                 for
                 the
                 Perfection
                 and
                 Excellency
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 Men
                 too
                 think
                 none
                 worthy
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 of
                 Sovereign
                 Justice
                 and
                 Virtue
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 cause
                 ,
                 Cyrus
                 thought
                 no
                 one
                 was
                 fit
                 to
                 govern
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 who
                 was
                 better
                 than
                 those
                 he
                 governed
                 1
                 .
                 Subjects
                 pay
                 more
                 Reverence
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 they
                 discern
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Endowments
                 
                 of
                 Mind
                 ;
                 the
                 greater
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 is
                 their
                 Respect
                 and
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 believe
                 that
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 God
                 is
                 more
                 propitious
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 direct
                 his
                 Government
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 this
                 alone
                 made
                 
                 Ioshua's
                 Name
                 celebrated
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 2
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Actions
                 and
                 Counsels
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Prince
                 the
                 People
                 receive
                 with
                 Joy
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 a
                 certain
                 zealous
                 Confidence
                 promise
                 themselves
                 Success
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 fall
                 out
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 they
                 persuade
                 themselves
                 that
                 for
                 some
                 supernatural
                 and
                 unknown
                 Reasons
                 't
                 is
                 convenient
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 cause
                 among
                 some
                 Nations
                 ,
                 the
                 High
                 Priests
                 were
                 Kings
                 3
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 receiving
                 Holy
                 Ceremonies
                 and
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 might
                 acknowledge
                 in
                 them
                 a
                 certain
                 more
                 sublime
                 Nature
                 ,
                 more
                 allied
                 and
                 familiar
                 to
                 God
                 himself
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 a
                 Mediatrix
                 they
                 might
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 their
                 Prayers
                 ,
                 and
                 against
                 which
                 they
                 durst
                 not
                 attempt
                 any
                 thing
                 4
                 .
                 The
                 Crown
                 upon
                 
                 Aaron's
                 Mitre
                 attracted
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Desires
                 of
                 all
                 5
                 .
              
               
                 Iacob
                 worshipped
                 
                 Ioseph's
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 Stork
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Piety
                 and
                 Religion
                 6
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 none
                 imagine
                 that
                 the
                 time
                 is
                 lost
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 Prince
                 employs
                 in
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 Goodness
                 and
                 Virtue
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 God
                 does
                 then
                 chiefly
                 dispose
                 and
                 direct
                 the
                 Events
                 of
                 things
                 .
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   Antoline
                
                 was
                 at
                 his
                 Devotions
                 ,
                 while
                 Count
                 
                   Garcias
                   Fernandez
                
                 fought
                 the
                 Moors
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Duero
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Angel
                 in
                 his
                 likeness
                 supplied
                 his
                 place
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 escaped
                 the
                 
                 discredit
                 of
                 not
                 being
                 at
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 gained
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Praise
                 of
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 Something
                 like
                 this
                 is
                 related
                 of
                 that
                 Renowned
                 General
                 ,
                 Count
                 Tilly
                 ,
                 that
                 true
                 Christian
                 Ioshua
                 ,
                 not
                 less
                 Holy
                 and
                 Religious
                 ,
                 than
                 Warlike
                 and
                 Brave
                 ,
                 that
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 Prayers
                 ,
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 drawn
                 up
                 by
                 another
                 in
                 his
                 shape
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 had
                 more
                 Standards
                 and
                 Trophies
                 presented
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Divine
                 Service
                 ,
                 than
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 had
                 gained
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 Israelites
                 stood
                 still
                 ,
                 and
                 God
                 wrought
                 Wonders
                 for
                 them
                 8
                 .
                 That
                 Crown
                 ,
                 which
                 like
                 
                 Ariadne's
                 shines
                 with
                 refulgent
                 Stars
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 shall
                 last
                 to
                 Eternity
                 9
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Septimus
                 told
                 his
                 Sons
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 dying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   left
                   them
                   a
                   firm
                   and
                   lasting
                   Empire
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   good
                   ;
                   if
                   wicked
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   short
                   continuance
                   .
                
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 who
                 from
                 his
                 great
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 was
                 sirnamed
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 did
                 by
                 these
                 wonderfully
                 increase
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 establisht
                 it
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
                 His
                 Piety
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 St.
                 Isidore
                 was
                 carried
                 by
                 Sevil
                 ,
                 he
                 and
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 barefoot
                 ,
                 carried
                 these
                 Holy
                 Relicks
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 Durio
                 ,
                 quite
                 to
                 St.
                 
                 Iohn's
                 Church
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 God
                 by
                 whom
                 Kings
                 Reign
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 whom
                 all
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Felicity
                 depends
                 ;
                 they
                 could
                 never
                 err
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 make
                 him
                 their
                 only
                 Object
                 .
                 The
                 Rays
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 never
                 forsake
                 the
                 Moon
                 ;
                 she
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 knew
                 she
                 received
                 all
                 her
                 Light
                 from
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 looks
                 on
                 him
                 continually
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 may
                 be
                 enlightned
                 by
                 him
                 ;
                 which
                 Princes
                 must
                 so
                 imitate
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 always
                 have
                 their
                 Eyes
                 fixt
                 upon
                 that
                 Eternal
                 Light
                 ,
                 which
                 affords
                 Light
                 and
                 Motion
                 to
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 which
                 Empires
                 take
                 their
                 encrease
                 and
                 decrease
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 intimated
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 by
                 the
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Moon
                 looking
                 towards
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 the
                 true
                 Emblem
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 because
                 no
                 other
                 thing
                 comes
                 nearer
                 his
                 Omnipotency
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 alone
                 gives
                 Light
                 and
                 Being
                 to
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 Which
                 'cause
                 it
                 solely
                 all
                 Surveys
                 ,
              
               
                 Is
                 properly
                 call'd
                 Sol.
                 
              
               
                 Boet.
                 
              
               
                 For
                 
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   Power
                   but
                   from
                   God
                
                 10
                 .
                 Kings
                 are
                 crowned
                 in
                 his
                 Eternal
                 Mind
                 before
                 they
                 are
                 here
                 on
                 Earth
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 gave
                 the
                 Orbs
                 Coelestial
                 first
                 motion
                 ,
                 gives
                 it
                 also
                 to
                 Empires
                 and
                 Republicks
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 appointed
                 a
                 King
                 over
                 Bees
                 ,
                 has
                 not
                 left
                 meerly
                 to
                 Chance
                 or
                 Humane
                 Choice
                 ,
                 these
                 Second
                 Causes
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 his
                 Vice-Roys
                 upon
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 like
                 him
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 11
                 ,
                 being
                 represented
                 in
                 the
                 Revelations
                 by
                 those
                 Seven
                 Planets
                 ,
                 which
                 God
                 held
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 12
                 ;
                 upon
                 them
                 he
                 darts
                 his
                 Divine
                 Rays
                 ,
                 the
                 Reflection
                 of
                 which
                 gives
                 them
                 the
                 utmost
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 over
                 their
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Without
                 that
                 Splendor
                 ,
                 all
                 Power
                 ,
                 how
                 great
                 soever
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 dark
                 ;
                 the
                 Prince
                 who
                 slighting
                 this
                 Light
                 ,
                 shall
                 follow
                 another
                 ,
                 an
                 appearance
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 some
                 good
                 ,
                 which
                 his
                 own
                 convenience
                 ,
                 not
                 right
                 reason
                 offers
                 ,
                 will
                 soon
                 see
                 the
                 Orb
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 eclips'd
                 and
                 darken'd
                 .
                 What
                 e'er
                 avoids
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 must
                 necessarily
                 be
                 in
                 darkness
                 .
                 The
                 Moon
                 ,
                 although
                 it
                 finds
                 its
                 self
                 oft'times
                 quite
                 dark
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 therefore
                 turn
                 away
                 from
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 but
                 looks
                 on
                 't
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 eagerness
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 last
                 't
                 is
                 again
                 enlightned
                 by
                 it
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 hold
                 his
                 Scepter
                 fixt
                 and
                 steady
                 ,
                 having
                 always
                 a
                 regard
                 to
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 as
                 Adversity
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Divine
                 Sun
                 ,
                 which
                 either
                 for
                 Punishment
                 or
                 Exercise
                 of
                 his
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 permitted
                 his
                 decrease
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 recompence
                 of
                 his
                 Constancy
                 will
                 again
                 promote
                 and
                 encrease
                 his
                 greatness
                 .
                 
                 Thus
                 't
                 was
                 with
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 II.
                 who
                 was
                 often
                 reduced
                 to
                 that
                 extremity
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Empire
                 and
                 Life
                 too
                 seem'd
                 desperate
                 .
                 Yet
                 he
                 was
                 resolved
                 never
                 wholly
                 to
                 despair
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 turn
                 his
                 Eyes
                 from
                 that
                 Eternal
                 Sun
                 ,
                 the
                 Maker
                 and
                 Governor
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 whose
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 freed
                 him
                 from
                 all
                 Perils
                 ,
                 and
                 advanced
                 him
                 far
                 above
                 all
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 
                 Moses's
                 Rod
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 a
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 did
                 Wonders
                 whilst
                 he
                 held
                 it●
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 upright
                 t'wards
                 Heaven
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 cast
                 it
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 't
                 was
                 turn'd
                 into
                 a
                 venomous
                 Serpent
                 ,
                 dreadful
                 even
                 to
                 Moses
                 himself
                 13
                 .
                 Whilst
                 the
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 like
                 
                 Iacob's
                 Ladder
                 ,
                 touches
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 God
                 himself
                 supports
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 Angels
                 descend
                 to
                 its
                 assistance
                 14
                 .
                 This
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 knew
                 ,
                 who
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 their
                 Scepters
                 were
                 used
                 to
                 engrave
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 a
                 Stork
                 ,
                 a
                 Religious
                 Bird
                 ,
                 and
                 Pious
                 t'wards
                 its
                 Parents
                 ;
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 a
                 Sea-Horse
                 ,
                 an
                 impious
                 and
                 ungrateful
                 Animal
                 ,
                 which
                 Plots
                 to
                 kill
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 the
                 more
                 freely
                 enjoy
                 his
                 Mother
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 Hieroglyphick
                 they
                 meant
                 nothing
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 Princes
                 ought
                 always
                 to
                 prefer
                 Piety
                 to
                 Impiety
                 .
                 Machiavel
                 would
                 have
                 his
                 Prince
                 to
                 learn
                 this
                 Hieroglyphick
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 quite
                 another
                 Sence
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 Piety
                 and
                 Impiety
                 placed
                 at
                 each
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 turn
                 it
                 as
                 he
                 pleased
                 ,
                 and
                 hold
                 that
                 upwards
                 which
                 tended
                 most
                 to
                 his
                 Preservation
                 and
                 Advantage
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 ,
                 he
                 thinks
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 Virtuous
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 enough
                 if
                 he
                 pretends
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 be
                 really
                 so
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 act
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Dictates
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 would
                 ,
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 be
                 pernicious
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 most
                 advantageous
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 so
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 will
                 be
                 so
                 disposed
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 shift
                 upon
                 occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 act
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 as
                 advantage
                 or
                 opportunity
                 shall
                 require
                 :
                 And
                 
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 is
                 principally
                 necessary
                 for
                 Princes
                 new●●
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 who
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 quick
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 spread
                 their
                 Sails
                 to
                 every
                 breath
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 necessity
                 requires
                 .
                 Impious
                 and
                 foolish
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 insinuate
                 that
                 Virtues
                 need
                 not
                 be
                 real
                 and
                 genuine
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 counterfeit
                 and
                 imaginary
                 ,
                 for
                 how
                 can
                 the
                 Shadow
                 be
                 as
                 effective
                 as
                 the
                 Substance
                 ?
                 What
                 Art
                 or
                 Pains
                 can
                 bring
                 Chrystal
                 to
                 that
                 perfection
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 shall
                 equal
                 the
                 Diamond
                 in
                 lustre
                 and
                 brightness
                 ?
                 Won't
                 any
                 one
                 at
                 first
                 sight
                 discover
                 and
                 laugh
                 at
                 the
                 Cheat.
                 A
                 true
                 Glory
                 takes
                 root
                 and
                 flourishes
                 ,
                 tha●
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 ,
                 falls
                 like
                 Blossoms
                 ;
                 nor
                 can
                 any
                 thing
                 be
                 lasting
                 that
                 is
                 counterfeit
                 15
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 Art
                 or
                 Cunning
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 vicious
                 Inclination
                 appear
                 truly
                 good
                 and
                 virtuous
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 we
                 so
                 easily
                 fail
                 in
                 real
                 Virtues
                 so
                 agreeable
                 to
                 our
                 Nature
                 and
                 Inclination
                 ,
                 what
                 shall
                 we
                 do
                 in
                 false
                 and
                 imaginary
                 ones
                 ?
                 How
                 will
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 discover
                 the
                 Cheat
                 ,
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 the
                 Stench
                 of
                 this
                 Sepulchr●
                 of
                 abominable
                 Vices
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 ornament
                 of
                 Goodness
                 ?
                 How
                 can
                 they
                 turn
                 their
                 Eyes
                 from
                 that
                 inward
                 Wound
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Patch
                 under
                 which
                 it
                 lurk'd
                 being
                 drawn
                 off
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 openly
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 all
                 16
                 ?
                 Whence
                 a
                 Prince
                 will
                 be
                 contemptible
                 and
                 ridiculous
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 People
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 suspected
                 by
                 Foreigne●
                 abroad
                 .
                 He
                 will
                 be
                 surely
                 odious
                 to
                 both
                 ,
                 for
                 neither
                 can
                 live
                 securely
                 under
                 him
                 .
                 Nothing
                 renders
                 Tyra●ny
                 more
                 grievous
                 than
                 when
                 the
                 Prince
                 dissembles
                 Virtue
                 .
                 For
                 from
                 thence
                 oft-times
                 greater
                 Vices
                 spring
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 many
                 were
                 afraid
                 of
                 Otho
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 stood
                 Candidate
                 for
                 the
                 Empire
                 17
                 .
                 When
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 known
                 to
                 be
                 wicked
                 and
                 vicious
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 easy
                 to
                 beware
                 
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 so
                 when
                 he
                 dissembles
                 .
                 Open
                 Vice
                 may
                 be
                 imputed
                 to
                 frailty
                 of
                 Nature
                 ;
                 but
                 pretended
                 Virtue
                 is
                 only
                 Cheat
                 and
                 Design
                 ;
                 not
                 accidental
                 ,
                 but
                 premeditated
                 Injustice
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 pernicious
                 than
                 open
                 Vice.
                 As
                 Tacitus
                 remarks
                 in
                 Sejanus
                 18
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 greater
                 Villainy
                 ,
                 than
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 Virtue
                 to
                 exercise
                 Vice
                 19
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 weakness
                 to
                 be
                 openly
                 wicked
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 counterfeit
                 Virtue
                 is
                 true
                 Villainy
                 .
                 Men
                 more
                 easily
                 dispence
                 with
                 other
                 Vices
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 loath
                 Hypocrisy
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 them
                 we
                 only
                 deceive
                 our selves
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 this
                 ,
                 others
                 too
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 good
                 Actions
                 are
                 despised
                 if
                 artificial
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 the
                 Product
                 of
                 Virtue
                 .
                 Vitellius
                 did
                 many
                 things
                 to
                 curry
                 favour
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 really
                 acceptable
                 ,
                 had
                 they
                 proceeded
                 from
                 a
                 Principle
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 were
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 every
                 one
                 saw
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 feigned
                 and
                 forced
                 )
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 base
                 and
                 vile
                 20
                 .
                 And
                 ,
                 pray
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 dissemble
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 cost
                 the
                 same
                 pains
                 to
                 do
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 really
                 virtuous
                 ?
                 If
                 Virtues
                 themselves
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 wickedness
                 of
                 Manners
                 ,
                 have
                 scarce
                 strength
                 and
                 power
                 to
                 subsist
                 ,
                 how
                 then
                 should
                 the
                 false
                 and
                 counterfeit
                 ?
                 Who
                 e'er
                 puts
                 more
                 confidence
                 in
                 these
                 Tricks
                 than
                 in
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 ,
                 denies
                 that
                 he
                 receives
                 his
                 Crown
                 and
                 Preservation
                 from
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 the
                 Disposer
                 of
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 .
                 If
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Vices
                 proceed
                 from
                 Weakness
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 from
                 Affection
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 best
                 to
                 conceal
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 give
                 ill
                 Examples
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 conceal
                 them
                 on
                 that
                 account
                 ,
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 accounted
                 Hypocrisy
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 Cheat
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Respect
                 due
                 to
                 Virtue
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 curb
                 or
                 restraint
                 to
                 that
                 Power
                 which
                 does
                 not
                 veil
                 its
                 Tyrannies
                 with
                 some
                 pretence
                 or
                 other
                 .
                 The
                 Senators
                 
                 never
                 feared
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 him
                 without
                 Dissimulation
                 21
                 .
                 Yet
                 Tacitus
                 writes
                 of
                 Piso
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 cried
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 for
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 or
                 something
                 resembling
                 them
                 22
                 .
                 I
                 don't
                 mean
                 by
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 Virtues
                 are
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 whether
                 feigned
                 or
                 real
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 sometimes
                 deceived
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 Hypocrisy
                 for
                 Virtue
                 .
                 Therefore
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 firm
                 and
                 lasting
                 would
                 
                 Piso's
                 Fame
                 have
                 been
                 ,
                 had
                 it
                 been
                 supported
                 by
                 real
                 and
                 solid
                 Virtues
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 inconveniences
                 arise
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 possest
                 of
                 real
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 will
                 easily
                 change
                 for
                 his
                 conveniency
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 cannot
                 be
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 firm
                 and
                 constant
                 habit
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 it
                 inhabit
                 such
                 a
                 Breast
                 with
                 fears
                 ,
                 not
                 upon
                 any
                 prospect
                 of
                 advantage
                 to
                 turn
                 it
                 into
                 Vice
                 ,
                 and
                 joyn
                 with
                 Villainy
                 .
                 And
                 how
                 can
                 this
                 ever
                 be
                 convenient
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 ?
              
               
                 And
                 what
                 Case
                 or
                 Circumstance
                 can
                 require
                 it
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 these
                 our
                 times
                 ,
                 when
                 Rule
                 and
                 Empire
                 are
                 established
                 upon
                 sure
                 Laws
                 ;
                 not
                 depending
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Roman's
                 time
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Election
                 and
                 Insolence
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 No
                 danger
                 can
                 be
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Prince
                 by
                 prudent
                 Virtue
                 may
                 not
                 avoid
                 without
                 having
                 recourse
                 to
                 Vice.
                 If
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 a
                 Prince
                 renown'd
                 for
                 Virtues
                 be
                 vanquished
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 good
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 he
                 knew
                 not
                 enough
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 good
                 .
                 A
                 Just
                 Prince
                 is
                 not
                 obliged
                 hastily
                 and
                 rashly
                 to
                 confront
                 and
                 oppose
                 Vice
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 prospect
                 of
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 but
                 certain
                 and
                 manifest
                 Danger
                 from
                 this
                 over-diligence
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 great
                 prudence
                 to
                 permit
                 and
                 suffer
                 that
                 quietly
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 Opposition
                 can't
                 be
                 prevented
                 23
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 dissemble
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 their
                 Vices
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 finds
                 a
                 convenient
                 time
                 to
                 remedy
                 
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 reward
                 the
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 punish
                 the
                 Bad
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 such
                 other
                 means
                 as
                 prudence
                 shall
                 suggest
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 these
                 are
                 not
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 leave
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 Successor
                 ,
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 did
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 reform
                 the
                 Manners
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 24
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 through
                 fear
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 should
                 by
                 doing
                 ill
                 conform
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Life
                 and
                 Manners
                 of
                 ill
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 only
                 not
                 bring
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 mislead
                 the
                 Good
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 both
                 would
                 grow
                 worse
                 ;
                 Virtue
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 never
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 but
                 rash
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Severity
                 often
                 is
                 .
                 Villains
                 don't
                 hate
                 a
                 Prince
                 for
                 being
                 good
                 ,
                 but
                 ,
                 because
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 too
                 strict
                 Severity
                 they
                 can't
                 be
                 wicked
                 and
                 lewd
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 body
                 but
                 desires
                 a
                 Just
                 Prince
                 ;
                 the
                 worst
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 ,
                 that
                 Justice
                 may
                 flourish
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 live
                 not
                 only
                 secure
                 from
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 too
                 .
                 This
                 Seneca
                 meant
                 ,
                 when
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 perswade
                 Nero
                 from
                 incestuous
                 Conversation
                 with
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 he
                 threatned
                 him
                 that
                 the
                 Incest
                 was
                 divulg'd
                 by
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 who
                 gloried
                 in
                 't
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 So●diers
                 would
                 not
                 endure
                 so
                 vicious
                 a
                 Prince
                 25
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 so
                 necessary
                 are
                 Virtues
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 some
                 Vices
                 themselves
                 can't
                 subsist
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 S●janus
                 endear
                 himself
                 to
                 Tiberius
                 by
                 other
                 means
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 mingling
                 Virtues
                 with
                 Vices
                 26
                 .
                 Such
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 Virtues
                 and
                 Vices
                 one
                 might
                 see
                 in
                 
                   Lucinius
                   Mucianus
                
                 ;
                 in
                 V●spasian
                 also
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 notable
                 Vices
                 '
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Virtues
                 27
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 
                 Sejanus's
                 favour
                 with
                 Tiberius
                 had
                 been
                 much
                 more
                 secure
                 ;
                 and
                 Vespasian
                 and
                 Mucian
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 much
                 more
                 accomplished
                 Princes
                 ,
                 if
                 substracting
                 their
                 Vices
                 ,
                 their
                 Virtues
                 only
                 had
                 remained
                 
                 28
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 convenient
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 vicious
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 distinguish
                 the
                 good
                 from
                 the
                 bad
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 sufficient
                 only
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 practically
                 so
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 therefore
                 be
                 virtuous
                 ,
                 but
                 let
                 him
                 be
                 so
                 circumspect
                 and
                 prudent
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Cheat
                 or
                 Knavery
                 may
                 scape
                 him
                 ,
                 no
                 Villany
                 but
                 which
                 he
                 may
                 see
                 through
                 ;
                 so
                 by
                 throughly
                 observing
                 each
                 Man's
                 Manners
                 ,
                 and
                 way
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 Govern
                 them
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 Sense
                 may
                 their
                 Opinions
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 who
                 think
                 that
                 Princes
                 are
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 secure
                 ,
                 by
                 how
                 much
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 wicked
                 than
                 their
                 Subjects
                 29
                 .
                 This
                 sort
                 of
                 Vice
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 wickedness
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 expedient
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 chastise
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 to
                 bear
                 with
                 humane
                 Frailties
                 :
                 Without
                 that
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 severe
                 Virtue
                 is
                 too
                 rigid
                 and
                 dangerous
                 for
                 Government
                 .
                 Whence
                 't
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 manly
                 Virtues
                 are
                 most
                 requisite
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 appropriated
                 to
                 Empire
                 ,
                 not
                 those
                 monastick
                 Melancholy
                 ones
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 him
                 timorous
                 ,
                 slow
                 ,
                 and
                 unsteady
                 in
                 his
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 averse
                 to
                 Humane
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 intent
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 private
                 Perfections
                 than
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 Perfection
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 answer
                 the
                 Obligations
                 laid
                 upon
                 him
                 by
                 God
                 Almighty
                 .
              
               
                 Machiavel
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 a
                 Prince
                 counterfeit
                 Virtues
                 at
                 certain
                 times
                 only
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 endeavours
                 also
                 to
                 establish
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Policy
                 upon
                 Vice
                 ,
                 by
                 shewing
                 how
                 by
                 help
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 may
                 be
                 advanced
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 pitch
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 asserting
                 that
                 Men
                 are
                 ruined
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 know
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 wicked
                 ;
                 as
                 if
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 certain
                 Science
                 to
                 be
                 form'd
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 This
                 Doctrine
                 has
                 made
                 many
                 Princes
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 and
                 ruined
                 them
                 .
                 Men
                 are
                 not
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 know
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 wicked
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 wickedness
                 it self
                 can't
                 long
                 defend
                 its
                 self
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Villainy
                 so
                 cunning
                 
                 and
                 cautious
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 prevent
                 its
                 self
                 from
                 being
                 caught
                 at
                 last
                 in
                 its
                 own
                 Snares
                 .
                 What
                 skill
                 can
                 instruct
                 a
                 Man
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 sound
                 Judgment
                 in
                 his
                 Vices
                 ,
                 whose
                 Sins
                 trouble
                 his
                 Conscience
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 us
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 Divine
                 Impulse
                 operates
                 without
                 us
                 ,
                 being
                 both
                 Judge
                 and
                 Executioner
                 of
                 our
                 Actions
                 :
                 whose
                 Tyranny
                 Nero
                 felt
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 commanded
                 his
                 Mother
                 to
                 be
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 fearing
                 that
                 the
                 Light
                 which
                 gave
                 Life
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 brought
                 his
                 Death
                 30
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 resolv'd
                 Spirit
                 sometimes
                 hesitates
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 confounded
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 Villainy
                 :
                 So
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 Sejanus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 plotted
                 to
                 extinguish
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 confounded
                 by
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Crime
                 31
                 .
                 
                   God
                   taketh
                   the
                   wise
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   craftiness
                
                 32
                 .
                 Vice
                 is
                 ignorance
                 ,
                 opposed
                 to
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 Violence
                 that
                 toils
                 to
                 its
                 own
                 Ruin
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 dangerous
                 Building
                 which
                 falls
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 who
                 built
                 it
                 .
                 No
                 Judgment
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 as
                 to
                 correct
                 lesser
                 Tyrannies
                 by
                 greater
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 what
                 a
                 vast
                 Bulk
                 might
                 Men
                 raise
                 it
                 ?
                 That
                 very
                 Example
                 of
                 
                   Iohn
                   Pagola
                
                 of
                 Peru
                 ,
                 which
                 Machiavel
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 confirm
                 his
                 Assertion
                 ,
                 makes
                 it
                 evident
                 enough
                 how
                 dangerous
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 walk
                 upon
                 those
                 Precipices
                 ,
                 when
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 procured
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Pope
                 Iulius
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 accomplish
                 his
                 Villainy
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 also
                 befel
                 D.
                 Valentine
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 proposes
                 as
                 an
                 Idea
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 to
                 Princes
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 upon
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Pope
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Sixth
                 ,
                 secure
                 his
                 own
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 drank
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 of
                 the
                 contrary
                 Faction
                 in
                 a
                 Bowl
                 of
                 Poison
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Cups
                 being
                 by
                 mistake
                 changed
                 ,
                 he
                 and
                 Alexander
                 drank
                 the
                 Poison
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Pope
                 died
                 suddenly
                 ,
                 and
                 Valentine
                 was
                 so
                 ill
                 upon
                 't
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 Conclave
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 mischance
                 all
                 his
                 cunning
                 could
                 not
                 foresee
                 and
                 prevent
                 )
                 whence
                 it
                 happen'd
                 too
                 ,
                 that
                 
                 whom
                 he
                 desired
                 was
                 not
                 elected
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 lost
                 all
                 that
                 he
                 unjustly
                 possessed
                 in
                 Romania
                 .
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 does
                 not
                 permit
                 Tyrants
                 to
                 thrive
                 in
                 their
                 Designs
                 33
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 Virtue
                 only
                 that
                 has
                 the
                 Power
                 to
                 make
                 God
                 propitious
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 not
                 wickedness
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 Tyrant
                 has
                 long
                 enjoy'd
                 his
                 unjust
                 Usurpations
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 some
                 eminent
                 Virtue
                 or
                 Natural
                 Endowment
                 ,
                 which
                 hides
                 his
                 Vices
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 him
                 obey'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 But
                 Malice
                 ascribes
                 this
                 to
                 tyrannical
                 Artifices
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 Examples
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 ,
                 picks
                 out
                 some
                 impious
                 and
                 erroneous
                 Maxims
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 ruin
                 both
                 of
                 Princes
                 and
                 Empires
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 all
                 don't
                 Reign
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 the
                 Scepter
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Crown
                 upon
                 their
                 Heads
                 ;
                 for
                 Divine
                 Justice
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 leaves
                 them
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 takes
                 away
                 the
                 Command
                 ,
                 by
                 permitting
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 Slaves
                 to
                 their
                 Passions
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 oppressed
                 by
                 Misfortunes
                 and
                 Seditions
                 .
                 So
                 was
                 
                 Samuel's
                 Prediction
                 to
                 Saul
                 fulfilled
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 a
                 Punishment
                 for
                 having
                 disobeyed
                 God
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 King
                 34
                 :
                 For
                 though
                 he
                 lived
                 and
                 died
                 King
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 his
                 Reign
                 but
                 perfect
                 Slavery
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XIX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 Games
                 of
                 Vulcan
                 and
                 Prometheus
                 ,
                 several
                 Persons
                 being
                 placed
                 in
                 a
                 Row
                 imployed
                 themselves
                 thus
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 came
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 lighted
                 Torch
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 to
                 the
                 third
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 t'other
                 ;
                 whence
                 came
                 th●
                 Proverb
                 ,
                 
                   Cursu
                   lampada
                   trado
                
                 ;
                 apply'd
                 to
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 past
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 by
                 Succession
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 Sense
                 Lucretius
                 ,
                 
                   Et
                   quasi
                   cursores
                   vitai
                   Lampada
                   trado
                   .
                
                 Which
                 he
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 borrowed
                 from
                 Plato
                 ,
                 when
                 perswading
                 Men
                 to
                 Propagation
                 ,
                 he
                 says
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 Life
                 which
                 Men
                 received
                 from
                 their
                 Predecessors
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 like
                 a
                 flaming
                 Torch
                 deliver
                 down
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
                 
                 1
                 What
                 else
                 is
                 a
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 a
                 Torch
                 as
                 this
                 ,
                 which
                 passes
                 by
                 Succession
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ?
                 What
                 is
                 it
                 therefore
                 that
                 Majesty
                 assumes
                 to
                 its
                 self
                 in
                 this
                 so
                 short
                 and
                 transitory
                 Greatness
                 ?
                 Many
                 things
                 are
                 common
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 with
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 but
                 one
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 accidental
                 too
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 difference
                 .
                 All
                 those
                 don't
                 humble
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 yet
                 does
                 this
                 single
                 accident
                 puff
                 him
                 up
                 above
                 others
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 think
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 governs
                 Men
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 consider
                 well
                 that
                 he
                 comes
                 upon
                 this
                 great
                 Theatre
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 to
                 act
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 having
                 his
                 discharge
                 ,
                 another
                 shall
                 succeed
                 to
                 those
                 Robes
                 which
                 he
                 shall
                 leave
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 only
                 this
                 will
                 remain
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 once
                 were
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Let
                 him
                 know
                 that
                 these
                 Robes
                 wherewith
                 he
                 is
                 cloathed
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 States
                 ,
                 which
                 that
                 only
                 lends
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 while
                 its
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 consult
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 Increase
                 ,
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 thereof
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 therefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 has
                 once
                 begun
                 to
                 run
                 the
                 Race
                 of
                 this
                 Life
                 ,
                 furnished
                 with
                 the
                 lighted
                 Torch
                 of
                 his
                 State
                 ;
                 let
                 it
                 not
                 be
                 his
                 only
                 business
                 to
                 prolong
                 his
                 Race
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Goal
                 is
                 already
                 fixt
                 beyond
                 which
                 he
                 can't
                 go
                 ;
                 and
                 who
                 knows
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 now
                 very
                 near
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Flame
                 being
                 exposed
                 to
                 every
                 blast
                 of
                 Wind.
                 One
                 single
                 Gale
                 wrenched
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 er'e
                 he
                 was
                 fourteen
                 Years
                 old
                 .
                 Also
                 a
                 fall
                 from
                 a
                 Horse
                 prevented
                 Prince
                 Iohn
                 ,
                 Son
                 of
                 their
                 most
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 from
                 taking
                 hold
                 on
                 't
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 consider
                 also
                 the
                 fitness
                 of
                 his
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 occasion
                 and
                 right
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 mayn't
                 rashly
                 grasp
                 at
                 more
                 of
                 these
                 Torches
                 ,
                 than
                 either
                 Succession
                 or
                 lawful
                 Election
                 shall
                 grant
                 him
                 .
                 Had
                 Frederick
                 ,
                 Count
                 Palatine
                 ,
                 considered
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 lost
                 his
                 Electoral
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 his
                 Places
                 ,
                 and
                 Titles
                 so
                 unfortunately
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 being
                 ambitious
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Bohemia
                 .
                 And
                 truly
                 Charles
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 had
                 ended
                 his
                 Race
                 more
                 successfully
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 been
                 contented
                 with
                 the
                 Torch
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 attempted
                 to
                 grasp
                 at
                 that
                 of
                 Hungary
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 therefore
                 poisoned
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 too
                 readily
                 trust
                 his
                 Torch
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 nor
                 suffer
                 any
                 one
                 to
                 touch
                 it
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 Authority
                 .
                 For
                 Empire
                 admits
                 of
                 no
                 Companion
                 .
                 The
                 Infant
                 Sancho
                 attempted
                 to
                 snatch
                 this
                 Torch
                 from
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 which
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 Nor
                 were
                 there
                 wanting
                 Pretences
                 for
                 the
                 Infant
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 to
                 attempt
                 the
                 same
                 against
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Torches
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 lighted
                 by
                 ill
                 Methods
                 ,
                 are
                 commonly
                 soon
                 extinguish'd
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 Power
                 acquired
                 by
                 wickedness
                 is
                 lasting
                 .
                 King
                 Garcias
                 forc'd
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 to
                 quit
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Crown
                 so
                 gotten
                 above
                 three
                 Years
                 .
                 Fruela
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 but
                 fourteen
                 Months
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 attain'd
                 rather
                 by
                 Force
                 than
                 Election
                 .
                 Violent
                 Counsels
                 h'an't
                 always
                 their
                 desired
                 Success
                 .
                 Ramon
                 hop'd
                 certainly
                 to
                 inherit
                 the
                 Throne
                 of
                 Navarre
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 make
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Brother
                 Sancho
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 People
                 abhorr'd
                 him
                 who
                 had
                 conceiv'd
                 such
                 a
                 horrid
                 Villainy
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 offer'd
                 it
                 to
                 Sancho
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 his
                 Uncle
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 unadvisedly
                 trust
                 his
                 Torch
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Hands
                 in
                 his
                 Life-time
                 ,
                 least
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 afterwards
                 repent
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 befal
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 did
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 once
                 resign'd
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 Ramiro
                 ,
                 could
                 never
                 afterwards
                 retrieve
                 it
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 desir'd
                 it
                 .
                 Ambition
                 while
                 in
                 Possession
                 regards
                 not
                 Justice
                 ,
                 having
                 always
                 Arguments
                 and
                 Pretences
                 at
                 hand
                 to
                 defend
                 it self
                 .
                 And
                 who
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 mov'd
                 by
                 the
                 difference
                 between
                 commanding
                 and
                 obeying
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 these
                 Torches
                 do
                 pass
                 from
                 Father
                 to
                 Son
                 ,
                 yet
                 let
                 Kings
                 remember
                 that
                 they
                 receive
                 them
                 from
                 
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 pleases
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 Surrender
                 them
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 know
                 to
                 whose
                 Gift
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 ascribe
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 strict
                 an
                 Account
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 give
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Great
                 did
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 his
                 last
                 Breath
                 pronounc'd
                 these
                 Words
                 ,
                 
                   Thine
                   ,
                   O
                   Lord
                   ,
                   is
                   Power
                   ,
                   Empire
                   is
                   thine
                   ;
                   Thou
                   art
                   Supream
                   King
                   of
                   Kings
                   ;
                   all
                   things
                   are
                   under
                   thy
                   Providence
                   .
                   The
                   Kingdom
                   which
                   from
                   thy
                   Hand
                   I
                   receiv'd
                   ,
                   unto
                   thee
                   I
                   resign
                   .
                
                 The
                 same
                 Words
                 did
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Holy
                 ,
                 use
                 at
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 glorious
                 ,
                 though
                 laborious
                 Race
                 which
                 Heaven
                 has
                 design'd
                 for
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 run
                 not
                 with
                 one
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 several
                 Torches
                 of
                 shining
                 Diadems
                 ,
                 which
                 like
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 ever
                 leaving
                 us
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 will
                 diffuse
                 their
                 extended
                 Light
                 from
                 East
                 to
                 West
                 .
                 Furious
                 Winds
                 rising
                 from
                 each
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Horizon
                 ,
                 will
                 perhaps
                 threaten
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 since
                 God
                 has
                 lighted
                 them
                 to
                 preceed
                 the
                 Standard
                 of
                 the
                 Cross
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 give
                 light
                 upon
                 the
                 Holy
                 Altars
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 well
                 be
                 hop'd
                 that
                 these
                 may
                 shine
                 like
                 that
                 2
                 ;
                 especially
                 if
                 your
                 Highness's
                 Faith
                 and
                 Holy
                 Zeal
                 ,
                 would
                 by
                 holding
                 them
                 upright
                 ,
                 make
                 their
                 Flame
                 burn
                 more
                 clear
                 and
                 bright
                 ,
                 its
                 natural
                 tendency
                 being
                 towards
                 Heaven
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 who
                 holds
                 them
                 obliquely
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 Flame
                 its
                 self
                 feed
                 upon
                 and
                 wast
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 who
                 turns
                 'em
                 directly
                 downwards
                 ,
                 opposite
                 to
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 will
                 immediately
                 extinguish
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Matter
                 which
                 would
                 else
                 nourish
                 them
                 ,
                 will
                 then
                 extinguish
                 them
                 .
                 Let
                 your
                 Highness
                 therefore
                 take
                 care
                 with
                 these
                 Lights
                 to
                 finish
                 your
                 Course
                 with
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 Surrender
                 them
                 bright
                 and
                 flaming
                 to
                 your
                 Successor
                 ,
                 not
                 meerly
                 such
                 as
                 you
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 illustrated
                 and
                 augmented
                 with
                 new
                 Rays
                 :
                 For
                 God
                 weighs
                 both
                 Kingdoms
                 and
                 Kings
                 when
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 Reign
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 afterwards
                 require
                 a
                 just
                 Account
                 
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 thus
                 he
                 did
                 with
                 King
                 Balthazar
                 3
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 Otho
                 thoguht
                 himself
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Empire
                 to
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 from
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 4
                 ;
                 your
                 Highness
                 must
                 acknowledge
                 no
                 less
                 an
                 Obligation
                 deriv'd
                 to
                 you
                 from
                 your
                 glorious
                 Predecessors
                 .
                 So
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 resign'd
                 his
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 yet
                 living
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 wickedness
                 of
                 some
                 can't
                 attend
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 their
                 Career
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 adverse
                 Winds
                 already
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 the
                 Case
                 of
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 who
                 seeing
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 resist
                 Charles
                 the
                 Eighth
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 surrendred
                 the
                 Crown
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Calabria
                 ;
                 yet
                 certain
                 't
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 design
                 was
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 timely
                 Restitution
                 of
                 his
                 Crown
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 prepare
                 himself
                 for
                 another
                 ,
                 not
                 Temporal
                 but
                 Eternal
                 one
                 ,
                 which
                 once
                 obtain'd
                 may
                 be
                 securely
                 enjoy'd
                 without
                 fear
                 of
                 ever
                 being
                 lost
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XX.
                 
                 
              
               
                 AMONG
                 the
                 Ceremonies
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 at
                 their
                 Marriages
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 little
                 Boy
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Basket
                 of
                 Bread
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Thorns
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 went
                 before
                 the
                 Bridegroom
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 ,
                 I
                 believe
                 ,
                 they
                 intimated
                 that
                 Matrimony
                 was
                 not
                 instituted
                 for
                 Pleasure
                 only
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 Cares
                 and
                 Labours
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 same
                 (
                 if
                 Emblems
                 will
                 admit
                 Human
                 Figures
                 )
                 might
                 also
                 be
                 meant
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 thorny
                 Cares
                 does
                 not
                 he
                 feel
                 ,
                 who
                 endeavours
                 to
                 maintain
                 his
                 State
                 in
                 Justice
                 ,
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 Plenty
                 .
                 What
                 Difficulties
                 does
                 he
                 experience
                 ?
                 What
                 Dangers
                 is
                 he
                 liable
                 to
                 ,
                 who
                 commands
                 other
                 1
                 ?
                 His
                 Fatigues
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Peoples
                 
                 Rest
                 ,
                 his
                 Dangers
                 their
                 Security
                 ,
                 his
                 Vigilance
                 their
                 Sleep
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 have
                 here
                 represented
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 by
                 a
                 Crown
                 ,
                 fine
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 and
                 charming
                 to
                 ●ight
                 ,
                 but
                 within
                 full
                 of
                 Thorns
                 and
                 Briars
                 ;
                 with
                 this
                 Motto
                 of
                 Seneca
                 the
                 Tragedian
                 .
                 
                   
                     False
                     good
                     !
                     What
                     Cares
                     dost
                     hide
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Under
                     the
                     appearance
                     of
                     a
                     gay
                     outside
                     ?
                  
                
                 Who
                 viewing
                 those
                 Pearls
                 and
                 Diamonds
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Flowers
                 which
                 adorn
                 a
                 Crown
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 fancy
                 that
                 the
                 inside
                 was
                 much
                 more
                 fair
                 and
                 beautiful
                 ;
                 yet
                 is
                 there
                 nothing
                 but
                 sharp
                 Thorns
                 ,
                 which
                 continually
                 prick
                 and
                 scratch
                 the
                 Head
                 and
                 Breast
                 ?
                 There
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 Pearl
                 in
                 a
                 Crown
                 ,
                 but
                 which
                 is
                 Sweat
                 ;
                 nor
                 a
                 Ruby
                 ,
                 but
                 which
                 is
                 Blood
                 ;
                 nor
                 a
                 Diamond
                 ,
                 without
                 some
                 asperity
                 or
                 roughness
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 Circumference
                 without
                 a
                 Center
                 of
                 rest
                 ,
                 a
                 perpetual
                 Motion
                 of
                 Cares
                 *
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 Kings
                 anciently
                 wore
                 a
                 Crown
                 made
                 like
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 to
                 represent
                 its
                 Inconstancy
                 ,
                 Trouble
                 ,
                 and
                 Dangers
                 †
                 .
                 This
                 he
                 well
                 knew
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Crown
                 was
                 offered
                 him
                 ,
                 laid
                 it
                 down
                 ,
                 with
                 these
                 Words
                 ,
                 
                   Let
                   him
                   take
                   thee
                   up
                   ,
                   who
                   does
                   not
                   know
                   thee
                   .
                
                 Instead
                 of
                 Crowns
                 they
                 at
                 first
                 us'd
                 Fillets
                 ,
                 not
                 as
                 a
                 Badge
                 of
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 bind
                 and
                 preserve
                 the
                 Head
                 2
                 .
                 So
                 heavy
                 are
                 the
                 Cares
                 of
                 a
                 Crown'd
                 Head
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 had
                 need
                 to
                 be
                 fore-arm'd
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 Reign
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 three
                 continual
                 Sighs
                 and
                 Toils
                 ,
                 in
                 preserving
                 ,
                 acquiring
                 ,
                 and
                 losing
                 .
                 Therefore
                 did
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 
                   Mark
                   Anthony
                
                 ,
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 
                   Empire
                   was
                   the
                   greatest
                   of
                   Troubles
                   .
                
                 Princes
                 are
                 born
                 to
                 labours
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 therefore
                 inure
                 themselves
                 thereto
                 .
                 The
                 Kings
                 of
                 Persia
                 had
                 a
                 Chamberlain
                 ,
                 who
                 wak'd
                 them
                 betimes
                 in
                 the
                 Morning
                 with
                 these
                 Words
                 ,
                 
                   Arise
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   ,
                   to
                   look
                   after
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                   your
                   Kingdom
                   .
                
                 Some
                 Princes
                 now-a-days
                 would
                 not
                 endure
                 such
                 disturbance
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 perswade
                 themselves
                 that
                 Ease
                 ,
                 Voluptuousness
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 Vices
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Rewards
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Shame
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 thereof
                 belong
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 Whereas
                 some
                 Princes
                 shamefully
                 neglect
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 because
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 shall
                 mention
                 elsewhere
                 )
                 they
                 take
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 for
                 their
                 Inheritance
                 and
                 Propriety
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 use
                 as
                 they
                 please
                 ,
                 and
                 think
                 that
                 their
                 Authority
                 and
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 no
                 Laws
                 ,
                 but
                 altogether
                 free
                 to
                 act
                 as
                 it
                 list
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 Flattery
                 encourages
                 them
                 ,
                 insinuating
                 that
                 without
                 that
                 freedom
                 and
                 liberty
                 of
                 living
                 ,
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 worst
                 of
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 more
                 intolerable
                 than
                 the
                 meanest
                 Condition
                 of
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Whence
                 resigning
                 themselves
                 to
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 their
                 Strength
                 and
                 Spirits
                 flag
                 ,
                 and
                 themselves
                 become
                 wholly
                 unfit
                 for
                 Government
                 .
                 Hence
                 ,
                 I
                 believe
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 among
                 so
                 many
                 Princes
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 so
                 very
                 few
                 good
                 Governors
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 they
                 want
                 Natural
                 Parts
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 those
                 they
                 usually
                 exceed
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 born
                 of
                 better
                 Blood
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 that
                 through
                 Ease
                 and
                 Luxury
                 they
                 don't
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 nor
                 do
                 their
                 Courtiers
                 suffer
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 make
                 their
                 Fortunes
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 under
                 a
                 negligent
                 than
                 careful
                 Prince
                 .
                 The
                 Remedy
                 against
                 these
                 Inconveniencies
                 consists
                 chiefly
                 in
                 two
                 Things
                 ;
                 The
                 first
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 should
                 from
                 his
                 Youth
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 has
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 be
                 accustomed
                 to
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 even
                 before
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Predecessor
                 ;
                 thus
                 God
                 did
                 with
                 Ioshua
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 in
                 Matters
                 of
                 Concern
                 and
                 Trust
                 ,
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 convenient
                 ,
                 for
                 Reasons
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 shew
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Emblem
                 but
                 one
                 ;
                 yet
                 in
                 other
                 things
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Mind
                 may
                 be
                 diverted
                 from
                 Debauchery
                 .
                 This
                 made
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 introduce
                 their
                 Youth
                 to
                 their
                 Consultations
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 this
                 many
                 Popes
                 Nephews
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 admitted
                 very
                 young
                 to
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 have
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 years
                 made
                 experienc'd
                 Statesmen
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 near
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 should
                 dexterously
                 endeavour
                 to
                 root
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 certain
                 vain
                 Opinions
                 of
                 his
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 him
                 know
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 common
                 Consent
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 gives
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 for
                 Nature
                 made
                 no
                 Kings
                 .
                 That
                 his
                 Purple
                 is
                 an
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Blood
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 ready
                 upon
                 occasion
                 to
                 shed
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 4
                 ;
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 given
                 to
                 breed
                 and
                 nourish
                 the
                 Mo●h●
                 of
                 Vices
                 :
                 That
                 he
                 is
                 born
                 a
                 Prince
                 by
                 chance
                 ;
                 that
                 Virtue
                 only
                 is
                 the
                 proper
                 good
                 of
                 Man
                 ;
                 that
                 his
                 Dominion
                 is
                 Government
                 ,
                 not
                 absolute
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Vassals
                 are
                 Subjects
                 not
                 Slaves
                 .
                 This
                 Document
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Claudius
                 gave
                 to
                 Meherdatus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 5
                 .
                 Let
                 them
                 advise
                 the
                 Prince
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 by
                 those
                 whom
                 he
                 Governs
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 were
                 he
                 a
                 Subject
                 ;
                 so
                 Gaiba
                 instructed
                 Piso
                 when
                 he
                 adopted
                 him
                 his
                 Son
                 6
                 .
                 No
                 Prince
                 was
                 ever
                 elected
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 being
                 so
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 serviceable
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 King
                 Antigonus
                 considering
                 this
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 his
                 Son
                 not
                 to
                 abuse
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 proud
                 or
                 use
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ill
                 ,
                 
                   Knowest
                   thou
                   not
                   ,
                   my
                   Son
                   ,
                
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   that
                   our
                   Kingdom
                   is
                   but
                   a
                   noble
                   Slavery
                
                 7
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Woman
                 grounded
                 her
                 Answer
                 to
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Rodolphus
                 ,
                 who
                 telling
                 her
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 leasure
                 to
                 hear
                 her
                 :
                 Then
                 ,
                 says
                 she
                 ,
                 
                   you
                   are
                   no
                   more
                   Emperor
                
                 .
                 Subjects
                 are
                 not
                 born
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 King
                 for
                 the
                 Subjects
                 .
                 'T
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 hard
                 a
                 Bargain
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 sell
                 all
                 their
                 Liberty
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 return
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 promise
                 themselves
                 Justice
                 and
                 Protection
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 end
                 they
                 voluntarily
                 submitted
                 themselves
                 to
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 in
                 their
                 Triumphs
                 were
                 crown●d
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Shields
                 8
                 ,
                 made
                 into
                 the
                 circular
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Crown
                 ,
                 whence
                 were
                 introduc'd
                 the
                 Diadems
                 of
                 the
                 Saints
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 Victorious
                 against
                 the
                 Common
                 Enemy
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 deserves
                 not
                 a
                 Crown
                 ,
                 unless
                 also
                 he
                 use
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Shield
                 to
                 ward
                 the
                 Stroaks
                 of
                 adverse
                 Fortune
                 from
                 his
                 
                 Subjects
                 .
                 To
                 Reign
                 is
                 rather
                 an
                 Office
                 than
                 a
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 an
                 Authority
                 of
                 a
                 Father
                 over
                 his
                 Children
                 9
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Subjects
                 find
                 not
                 that
                 Fatherly
                 Care
                 and
                 Affection
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 they
                 owe
                 him
                 no
                 Respect
                 or
                 filial
                 Obedience
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Holy
                 ,
                 look'd
                 upon
                 his
                 Government
                 as
                 an
                 Office
                 ,
                 which
                 consisted
                 in
                 protecting
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 in
                 administring
                 Justice
                 ,
                 in
                 chastising
                 Vice
                 ,
                 and
                 procuring
                 the
                 Enlargement
                 of
                 his
                 Territories
                 ;
                 not
                 sparing
                 any
                 pains
                 for
                 its
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 this
                 he
                 always
                 acted
                 .
                 Princes
                 are
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 shall
                 observe
                 elsewhere
                 )
                 like
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 nearer
                 the
                 Favours
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ;
                 as
                 because
                 they
                 should
                 receive
                 all
                 Injuries
                 of
                 the
                 Weather
                 upon
                 themselves
                 ,
                 being
                 Depositaries
                 of
                 Ice
                 and
                 Snow
                 ,
                 which
                 melting
                 ,
                 should
                 flow
                 thence
                 ,
                 and
                 water
                 and
                 refresh
                 the
                 droughty
                 Fields
                 and
                 Valleys
                 beneath
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Shade
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 defend
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 scorching
                 :
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 10
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Scriptures
                 call
                 Princes
                 Giants
                 11
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 born
                 to
                 sustain
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 had
                 need
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Stature
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 Giants
                 which
                 must
                 undergo
                 Fatigues
                 and
                 Groans
                 (
                 as
                 Iob
                 says
                 )
                 under
                 the
                 Waters
                 12
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 are
                 meant
                 People
                 and
                 Nations
                 13
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 Corners
                 which
                 sustain
                 the
                 whole
                 Fabrick
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 14
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 believes
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 born
                 to
                 do
                 this
                 for
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 not
                 prepare
                 himself
                 to
                 shelter
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Injuries
                 of
                 the
                 Weather
                 ,
                 dwindles
                 from
                 a
                 Mountain
                 to
                 a
                 Valley
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 unlawful
                 for
                 him
                 whom
                 Heaven
                 has
                 design'd
                 to
                 Govern
                 others
                 ,
                 to
                 regard
                 his
                 own
                 ease
                 and
                 quiet
                 .
                 
                 Wamba
                 being
                 elected
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Goths
                 ,
                 and
                 refusing
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 Captain
                 with
                 his
                 drawn
                 Sword
                 threatned
                 to
                 stab
                 him
                 unless
                 he
                 accepted
                 it
                 ;
                 
                   Shall
                   you
                   alone
                
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   oppose
                   the
                   Will
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Nation
                   ,
                   and
                   prefer
                   your
                   own
                   Private
                   Ease
                   to
                   the
                   Publick
                   Good
                   ?
                
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 Guadalajara
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 King
                 Iohn
                 to
                 resign
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Henry
                 ,
                 he
                 being
                 too
                 young
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 having
                 a
                 Constitution
                 fit
                 for
                 Government
                 .
                 Hence
                 't
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 That
                 Princes
                 are
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 subject
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 Instruments
                 of
                 its
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 their
                 success
                 or
                 misfortunes
                 respect
                 it
                 ;
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 told
                 his
                 Sons
                 15
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 desired
                 David
                 for
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   We
                   are
                   thy
                   Bone
                   and
                   thy
                   Flesh
                
                 16
                 ;
                 intimating
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 strength
                 support
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 upon
                 himself
                 all
                 their
                 Toils
                 and
                 Grievances
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 taught
                 while
                 he
                 is
                 young
                 ,
                 to
                 tame
                 and
                 govern
                 the
                 skittish
                 Horse
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 for
                 should
                 he
                 let
                 him
                 have
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 fall
                 headlong
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 He
                 should
                 use
                 therefore
                 the
                 Bridle
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Reigns
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 the
                 Whip
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spurs
                 of
                 Valour
                 ,
                 keeping
                 always
                 fast
                 in
                 the
                 Stirrups
                 of
                 Prudence
                 .
                 He
                 must
                 not
                 execute
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 comes
                 into
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 what
                 is
                 honourable
                 and
                 just
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 transgress
                 Piety
                 ,
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 or
                 good
                 Manners
                 17
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 imagine
                 that
                 his
                 Power
                 is
                 wholly
                 absolute
                 ,
                 but
                 subject
                 by
                 the
                 publick
                 Good
                 and
                 Interest
                 of
                 his
                 State.
                 Not
                 immense
                 ,
                 but
                 limitted
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 to
                 many
                 Casualties
                 ;
                 one
                 blast
                 of
                 Wind
                 dissipated
                 all
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second's
                 Naval
                 Preparations
                 against
                 England
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 also
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Authority
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 Sovereign
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Subject
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 they
                 either
                 reserv'd
                 to
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 or
                 which
                 Common
                 Sence
                 has
                 since
                 granted
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 defence
                 against
                 any
                 Prince
                 notoriously
                 unjust
                 and
                 tyrannical
                 .
                 Good
                 Princes
                 are
                 pleas'd
                 at
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 Tyrants
                 only
                 would
                 be
                 absolute
                 18
                 .
                 The
                 Safety
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 well-temper'd
                 freedom
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 that
                 Prince
                 who
                 is
                 most
                 powerful
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 most
                 secure
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 so
                 with
                 reason
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 he
                 less
                 Sovereign
                 who
                 defends
                 the
                 just
                 Rights
                 and
                 Privileges
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 rather
                 prudence
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 enjoy
                 'em
                 freely
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 never
                 derogate
                 from
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 thinks
                 his
                 Honour
                 affronted
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavours
                 wholly
                 to
                 take
                 'em
                 away
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 maintain
                 his
                 Crown
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 did
                 .
                 It
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 this
                 which
                 God
                 would
                 admonish
                 Princes
                 of
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 in
                 another
                 Sence
                 )
                 by
                 Ezekiel
                 the
                 Prophet
                 19
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 bind
                 the
                 tire
                 of
                 thine
                 Head
                 to
                 thee
                 ;
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 shall
                 wear
                 it
                 too
                 loose
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 apt
                 to
                 fall
                 off
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 JUstice
                 is
                 the
                 Center
                 from
                 which
                 the
                 Circumference
                 of
                 a
                 Crown
                 is
                 drawn
                 .
                 If
                 we
                 could
                 live
                 without
                 one
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 t'other
                 .
                 
                   
                     In
                     former
                     times
                     all
                     Princes
                     Iudges
                     were
                     ,
                  
                   
                     And
                     to
                     see
                     Iustice
                     done
                     ,
                     was
                     all
                     their
                     Care.
                     
                  
                
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 Age
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 Crimes
                 ;
                 nor
                 of
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 for
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Glory
                 were
                 belov'd
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 sakes
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 the
                 World
                 grew
                 older
                 ,
                 Wickedness
                 encreased
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Virtue
                 more
                 reserv'd
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 liv'd
                 freely
                 and
                 carelessly
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 .
                 When
                 Equality
                 was
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 and
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Force
                 suppli'd
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Shame
                 ,
                 then
                 Government
                 was
                 also
                 introduc'd
                 .
                 
                 For
                 Prudence
                 urg'd
                 by
                 necessity
                 ,
                 and
                 Common
                 Prudence
                 oblig'd
                 Men
                 to
                 Civil
                 Society
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 exercise
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 which
                 Reason
                 prompted
                 them
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Speech
                 which
                 Nature
                 gave
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 revealing
                 to
                 one
                 another
                 the
                 Sense
                 of
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 inform
                 ,
                 assist
                 ,
                 and
                 defend
                 each
                 other
                 1
                 .
                 Society
                 being
                 thus
                 by
                 common
                 Consent
                 establish'd
                 ,
                 there
                 arose
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 a
                 certain
                 Supream
                 Power
                 necessary
                 to
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 its
                 Parts
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 punishing
                 Vice
                 ,
                 and
                 rewarding
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 might
                 defend
                 them
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 Justice
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 this
                 Authority
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 diffused
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Confusion
                 which
                 would
                 arise
                 in
                 the
                 Execution
                 thereof
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 't
                 was
                 also
                 necessary
                 that
                 some
                 should
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 Obey
                 ,
                 they
                 quitted
                 their
                 Pretensions
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 conferring
                 it
                 either
                 upon
                 one
                 ,
                 few
                 ,
                 or
                 many
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 three
                 sorts
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 Aristocracy
                 ,
                 and
                 Democracy
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 Monachy
                 ;
                 for
                 originally
                 Men
                 were
                 govern'd
                 by
                 one
                 in
                 each
                 Family
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 they
                 chose
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 one
                 ,
                 who
                 excell'd
                 others
                 in
                 Goodness
                 and
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 whose
                 Hand
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 Authority
                 encreas'd
                 ,
                 they
                 honour'd
                 with
                 a
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Head
                 with
                 a
                 Diadem
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Badge
                 of
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Sovereignty
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 principally
                 consist
                 in
                 Justice
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 should
                 preserve
                 and
                 defend
                 his
                 Subjects
                 in
                 Peace
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 without
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Order
                 of
                 Government
                 2
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Kingly
                 Authority
                 ceases
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happened
                 in
                 Castile
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Judges
                 ,
                 the
                 Kings
                 being
                 excluded
                 for
                 the
                 Injustice
                 of
                 Ordonno
                 and
                 Fruela
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Justice
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 well
                 administer'd
                 by
                 the
                 mere
                 Law
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 without
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 for
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 defin'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 constant
                 and
                 
                 perpetual
                 desire
                 of
                 giving
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 their
                 own
                 3
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 dangerous
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 Opinion
                 and
                 Judgment
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 be
                 written
                 ;
                 nor
                 can
                 mere
                 natural
                 Reason
                 ,
                 though
                 free
                 from
                 Affections
                 and
                 Passions
                 ,
                 give
                 true
                 Judgment
                 in
                 such
                 variety
                 of
                 Cases
                 as
                 happen
                 continually
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 necessary
                 for
                 States
                 to
                 arm
                 themselves
                 with
                 Laws
                 ,
                 deduc'd
                 from
                 long
                 use
                 and
                 experience
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 Penal
                 as
                 Distributive
                 ;
                 these
                 to
                 punish
                 faults
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 to
                 give
                 every
                 one
                 his
                 own
                 .
                 Penal
                 Laws
                 are
                 represented
                 by
                 a
                 Sword
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 as
                 Trajan
                 intimated
                 ,
                 reaching
                 a
                 Sword
                 to
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 his
                 Guards
                 ,
                 with
                 these
                 Words
                 ,
                 
                   Take
                   this
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   I
                   govern
                   well
                   ,
                   use
                   it
                   for
                   me
                   ,
                   if
                   not
                   ,
                   against
                   me
                   .
                
                 Equally
                 sharp
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 the
                 Rich
                 as
                 the
                 Poor
                 ;
                 not
                 with
                 one
                 Edge
                 blunt
                 ,
                 and
                 t'other
                 sharp
                 ;
                 to
                 spare
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 hurt
                 another
                 .
                 Distributive
                 Laws
                 are
                 represented
                 by
                 a
                 Rule
                 ▪
                 Square
                 ,
                 which
                 measures
                 indifferently
                 the
                 Actions
                 and
                 Rights
                 of
                 all
                 4
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 Rule
                 of
                 Justice
                 things
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 measured
                 ,
                 not
                 this
                 Rule
                 by
                 things
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Lesbian
                 Rule
                 was
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 made
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 easily
                 adapted
                 it self
                 to
                 all
                 shapes
                 of
                 the
                 Stone
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 give
                 Life
                 and
                 Vigour
                 to
                 both
                 .
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 King
                 was
                 the
                 Heart
                 and
                 Soul
                 of
                 the
                 State.
                 And
                 in
                 another
                 place
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 That
                 Rex
                 a
                 King
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 Regula
                 a
                 Rule
                 .
                 Rex
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 Lex
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 differ
                 but
                 in
                 one
                 Letter
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 else
                 is
                 a
                 King
                 but
                 the
                 Speaking-law
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Law
                 but
                 a
                 dumb
                 King
                 ;
                 so
                 much
                 King
                 that
                 could
                 it
                 exert
                 it self
                 it
                 should
                 govern
                 alone
                 .
                 Prudence
                 has
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 divided
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 in
                 their
                 Persons
                 it
                 remains
                 whole
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 has
                 subtilly
                 transferr'd
                 part
                 thereof
                 to
                 Paper
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 left
                 Majesty
                 written
                 and
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 exercise
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 Justice
                 and
                 Chastisement
                 ,
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 anticipating
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 the
                 Sentence
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 
                 Passion
                 ,
                 or
                 Interest
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 avoid
                 the
                 Odium
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 The
                 Law
                 is
                 an
                 excuse
                 for
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 a
                 discountenancer
                 of
                 Favour
                 ,
                 an
                 invisible
                 Arm
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 holds
                 the
                 Reigns
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 better
                 way
                 to
                 make
                 Authority
                 respected
                 and
                 obeyed
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 the
                 Law
                 should
                 be
                 punctually
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 should
                 force
                 be
                 us'd
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 decided
                 by
                 Law
                 5
                 .
                 When
                 once
                 a
                 Prince
                 proceeds
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 the
                 Laws
                 will
                 soon
                 lose
                 their
                 force
                 and
                 efficacy
                 6
                 :
                 Crimes
                 will
                 be
                 reckon'd
                 Innocence
                 ,
                 and
                 Justice
                 Tyranny
                 7
                 :
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 a
                 little
                 diminish'd
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 ever
                 more
                 effectual
                 with
                 the
                 Law
                 than
                 without
                 it
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 Law
                 that
                 crowns
                 ,
                 defends
                 ,
                 and
                 confirms
                 a
                 Prince
                 8
                 ,
                 without
                 it
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 difference
                 between
                 Subjection
                 and
                 Command
                 .
                 True
                 Policy
                 is
                 founded
                 upon
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 not
                 upon
                 Arbitrary
                 Sway.
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 true
                 Rule
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 the
                 Roads
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 by
                 them
                 as
                 by
                 certain
                 Lines
                 the
                 Ship
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 fails
                 securely
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Civil
                 Power
                 ,
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Soul
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 the
                 Fetters
                 of
                 the
                 Mob
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bridle
                 (
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 )
                 which
                 Guides
                 and
                 Curbs
                 it
                 9
                 .
                 Even
                 Tyranny
                 it self
                 can't
                 subsist
                 without
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Determination
                 of
                 Justice
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 safely
                 committed
                 to
                 the
                 inconstancy
                 of
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 Affections
                 and
                 Passions
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 it self
                 perfectly
                 blind
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 was
                 necessary
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 restrain'd
                 by
                 certain
                 fix'd
                 Decrees
                 and
                 Statutes
                 ,
                 founded
                 upon
                 Reason
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 without
                 distinction
                 be
                 Obligatory
                 to
                 all
                 .
                 Such
                 are
                 the
                 
                 Laws
                 which
                 experience
                 of
                 past
                 Accidents
                 has
                 provided
                 for
                 future
                 ones
                 ;
                 and
                 since
                 they
                 can't
                 explain
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 mere
                 Bodies
                 which
                 receive
                 Soul
                 ,
                 and
                 understanding
                 from
                 the
                 Judges
                 ,
                 with
                 whose
                 Tongues
                 they
                 speak
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 whose
                 Pens
                 they
                 are
                 explain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 apply'd
                 to
                 particular
                 Cases
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 to
                 comprehend
                 all
                 ;
                 let
                 a
                 Prince
                 be
                 very
                 careful
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 commits
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 them
                 he
                 entrusts
                 his
                 very
                 Being
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 chief
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 choice
                 being
                 once
                 rightly
                 made
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 hinder
                 the
                 free
                 exercise
                 and
                 ordinary
                 course
                 thereof
                 ,
                 but
                 leave
                 it
                 wholly
                 to
                 the
                 Magistrate
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 Princes
                 will
                 through
                 Clemency
                 or
                 Arbitrary
                 Power
                 ,
                 intermeddle
                 with
                 the
                 Exposition
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ;
                 all
                 this
                 Politick
                 Structure
                 will
                 fall
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Laws
                 which
                 should
                 prop
                 and
                 support
                 it
                 ,
                 rather
                 cause
                 its
                 ruin
                 .
                 Tyranny
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 an
                 ignorance
                 and
                 contempt
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 assuming
                 to
                 it self
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 .
                 This
                 Rome
                 of
                 old
                 bewail'd
                 as
                 the
                 chief
                 cause
                 of
                 its
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 Augustus
                 arrogating
                 to
                 himself
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Offices
                 in
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 the
                 better
                 play
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 10
                 .
                 
                   
                     When
                     Caesar
                     to
                     himself
                     assum'd
                     the
                     Laws
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Poor
                     Rome
                     grew
                     soon
                     degenerate
                     and
                     base
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Forgot
                     her
                     War
                     ,
                     and
                     slept
                     in
                     servile
                     Peace
                     .
                  
                   
                     Claud.
                     
                  
                
                 A
                 Prince
                 in
                 obstructing
                 the
                 Laws
                 encourages
                 Vice
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happ'ned
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Claudius
                 11
                 .
                 ●
                 Multiplicity
                 of
                 Laws
                 are
                 very
                 dangerous
                 to
                 a
                 State
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 destroy
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 being
                 too
                 numerous
                 they
                 create
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Oblivion
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 they
                 can't
                 be
                 observ'd
                 are
                 despis'd
                 .
                 A
                 sure
                 sign
                 of
                 a
                 dissolute
                 and
                 corrupt
                 State
                 ;
                 one
                 contradicts
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 room
                 for
                 sinister
                 Interpretations
                 ,
                 and
                 different
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 whence
                 arise
                 Disputes
                 and
                 Contentions
                 .
                 
                 The
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 taken
                 up
                 in
                 Law
                 ,
                 there
                 want
                 Men
                 to
                 manure
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 for
                 Offices
                 and
                 War.
                 A
                 few
                 good
                 support
                 many
                 bad
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 bad
                 lord
                 it
                 over
                 the
                 few
                 good
                 .
                 The
                 Courts
                 of
                 Judicature
                 are
                 Harbours
                 for
                 Pirates
                 ,
                 and
                 Receptacles
                 for
                 Thieves
                 .
                 Those
                 very
                 Men
                 who
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Assertors
                 of
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 heaviest
                 Fetters
                 of
                 their
                 Slavery
                 12
                 .
                 Too
                 many
                 Laws
                 are
                 not
                 less
                 pernicious
                 to
                 a
                 State
                 than
                 Vices
                 13
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 makes
                 many
                 Laws
                 ,
                 sets
                 many
                 Traps
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 all
                 must
                 be
                 caught
                 .
                 So
                 Caligula
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 upon
                 the
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 established
                 many
                 Laws
                 ,
                 written
                 in
                 so
                 small
                 a
                 Character
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 be
                 hardly
                 read
                 .
                 And
                 Claudius
                 published
                 Twenty
                 in
                 one
                 day
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 puzzled
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 more
                 difficult
                 to
                 know
                 than
                 to
                 observe
                 them
                 .
                 Therefore
                 Aristotle
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 few
                 Laws
                 were
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 weightest
                 Cases
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 rest
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 left
                 to
                 natural
                 Reason
                 .
                 Nothing
                 is
                 so
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 State
                 as
                 multiplicity
                 of
                 Laws
                 :
                 Hence
                 God
                 threatened
                 Israel
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Punishment
                 for
                 their
                 Sins
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 multiply
                 their
                 Laws
                 14
                 .
                 To
                 what
                 purpose
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Addition
                 of
                 new
                 Laws
                 upon
                 every
                 slight
                 occasion
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 case
                 which
                 has
                 not
                 happ'ned
                 before
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 inconveniency
                 which
                 has
                 not
                 been
                 already
                 consider'd
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Observation
                 and
                 Experience
                 provided
                 for
                 ?
                 Those
                 which
                 are
                 now
                 introduc'd
                 into
                 Castile
                 ,
                 as
                 new
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 all
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Records
                 .
                 The
                 Observation
                 of
                 these
                 would
                 be
                 much
                 more
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 create
                 less
                 Odium
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Promulgation
                 of
                 other
                 new
                 ones
                 .
                 In
                 those
                 Judgment
                 acquiesces
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 't
                 is
                 dubious
                 and
                 unsteady
                 ;
                 those
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 founded
                 with
                 care
                 ,
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 these
                 is
                 questionable
                 ;
                 those
                 may
                 safely
                 be
                 renew'd
                 ,
                 these
                 can't
                 be
                 introduc'd
                 without
                 
                 danger
                 .
                 To
                 make
                 Experiments
                 of
                 new
                 Medicines
                 is
                 dangerous
                 to
                 Health
                 and
                 Life
                 ;
                 many
                 Herbs
                 before
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 preparing
                 them
                 were
                 known
                 ,
                 were
                 Poison
                 .
                 Better
                 is
                 that
                 State
                 govern'd
                 ,
                 whose
                 Laws
                 ,
                 though
                 imperfect
                 ,
                 are
                 settled
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 continually
                 changing
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Ancients
                 to
                 intimate
                 that
                 Laws
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 perpetual
                 ,
                 wrote
                 them
                 upon
                 Tables
                 of
                 Brass
                 15
                 ,
                 and
                 God
                 engrav'd
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 Eternal
                 Finger
                 upon
                 Stone
                 16
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 Augustus
                 advis'd
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 preserve
                 their
                 Laws
                 intire
                 without
                 altering
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 bad
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 more
                 beneficial
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 than
                 new
                 ones
                 17
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Kingdom
                 but
                 is
                 provided
                 with
                 Laws
                 sufficient
                 ;
                 but
                 care
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 least
                 the
                 variety
                 of
                 Interpretations
                 should
                 render
                 them
                 ambiguous
                 and
                 obscure
                 ,
                 and
                 occasion
                 Disputes
                 and
                 Controversies
                 .
                 This
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 prevented
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 with
                 ●ase
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 if
                 some
                 King
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 not
                 less
                 a
                 Restorer
                 than
                 Pelagius
                 ,
                 would
                 abbreviate
                 all
                 Processes
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 the
                 Civil
                 Law
                 ,
                 would
                 make
                 use
                 only
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 less
                 prudent
                 and
                 learned
                 than
                 just
                 and
                 reasonable
                 .
                 This
                 King
                 Recesewind
                 meant
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Laws
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   Also
                   King
                   Alphonsus
                   the
                   Wise
                   ,
                   commanded
                   his
                   Iudges
                   .
                
                 This
                 their
                 Majesties
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 and
                 Ioan
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 confirm'd
                 ,
                 as
                 did
                 King
                 Alarick
                 ,
                 who
                 laid
                 severe
                 Penalties
                 upon
                 the
                 Judges
                 for
                 admitting
                 the
                 Pleas
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Laws
                 .
                 Nor
                 does
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 derogate
                 from
                 Supream
                 Jurisdiction
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Foreign
                 Laws
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 I
                 
                 foresee
                 two
                 Objections
                 ;
                 first
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 these
                 Laws
                 were
                 written
                 in
                 Spanish
                 ,
                 the
                 Latin
                 Tongue
                 would
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lawyers
                 would
                 apply
                 themselves
                 wholly
                 to
                 the
                 Study
                 and
                 Explanation
                 of
                 them
                 only
                 ;
                 besides
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Civil
                 Law
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 are
                 deriv'd
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 well
                 understood
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 since
                 the
                 Civil
                 Law
                 is
                 Common
                 to
                 almost
                 all
                 Europe
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 which
                 causes
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 decided
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Rights
                 and
                 Privileges
                 of
                 Princes
                 are
                 often
                 to
                 be
                 determin●d
                 in
                 Foreign
                 Parliaments
                 ,
                 and
                 Courts
                 of
                 Judicature
                 ;
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 necessary
                 to
                 have
                 Men
                 well
                 vers'd
                 in
                 the
                 said
                 Law.
                 Which
                 inconveniences
                 will
                 be
                 easily
                 remedied
                 by
                 erecting
                 and
                 indowing
                 some
                 places
                 for
                 Civil
                 Lawyers
                 in
                 the
                 Universities
                 ;
                 as
                 (
                 though
                 upon
                 different
                 Motives
                 )
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 did
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 this
                 can't
                 be
                 effected
                 ,
                 the
                 foremention'd
                 inconveniences
                 may
                 be
                 thus
                 remedied
                 ;
                 first
                 by
                 prohibiting
                 such
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Books
                 to
                 be
                 imported
                 ,
                 which
                 serve
                 only
                 to
                 clear
                 the
                 Pockets
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 understanding
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 Printing
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 now-a-days
                 ,
                 but
                 Merchandize
                 and
                 Trade
                 .
                 This
                 variety
                 confounds
                 the
                 Senses
                 ,
                 embarrasses
                 and
                 puzzles
                 the
                 Judgment
                 .
                 'T
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 adviseable
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 written
                 Laws
                 are
                 not
                 full
                 enough
                 for
                 the
                 Decision
                 of
                 any
                 Controversy
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 guided
                 by
                 Reason
                 ,
                 that
                 living
                 Law
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 to
                 grope
                 for
                 Justice
                 in
                 the
                 obscurity
                 of
                 such
                 diversity
                 of
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 equally
                 favourable
                 to
                 each
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 subject
                 to
                 Subornation
                 and
                 Passion
                 .
                 Next
                 ,
                 by
                 shortening
                 the
                 tedious
                 Methods
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 as
                 King
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 design'd
                 to
                 do
                 at
                 Milan
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 consulted
                 with
                 the
                 Senate
                 about
                 that
                 Affair
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 respected
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 that
                 in
                 that
                 State
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Bullwark
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 more
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 Sword
                 than
                 the
                 Gown
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 was
                 attempted
                 by
                 the
                 Emperors
                 ,
                 Titus
                 and
                 
                   Vespasian
                   ,
                   Charles
                
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 their
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 ,
                 Peter
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 
                   Portugal
                   ,
                   James
                
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 and
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Eleventh
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 
                 〈◊〉
                 to
                 effect
                 it
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 any
                 one
                 else
                 hope
                 to
                 bring
                 〈◊〉
                 about
                 ,
                 since
                 for
                 the
                 reforming
                 the
                 Practice
                 of
                 the
                 ●●nch
                 ,
                 the
                 Judges
                 themselves
                 must
                 be
                 of
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 whose
                 Interest
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 prolong
                 Suits
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 that
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 continue
                 War.
                 'T
                 was
                 pure
                 necessity
                 oblig'd
                 the
                 most
                 Serene
                 Queen
                 Isabel
                 ,
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 when
                 being
                 at
                 Sevil
                 harrass'd
                 with
                 vexatious
                 Appeals
                 ,
                 she
                 commanded
                 all
                 Suits
                 depending
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 by
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 able
                 and
                 learned
                 Men
                 ,
                 decided
                 in
                 her
                 presence
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 noise
                 of
                 the
                 Bar
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Accumulation
                 of
                 Informations
                 and
                 Processes
                 ,
                 and
                 truly
                 successfully
                 enough
                 as
                 experience
                 has
                 shewn
                 .
                 The
                 Cantons
                 of
                 Switzerland
                 are
                 very
                 prudently
                 govern'd
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 Lawyers
                 among
                 them
                 ;
                 the
                 Witnesses
                 are
                 heard
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 writing
                 down
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 the
                 Causes
                 are
                 immediately
                 decided
                 .
                 A
                 quick
                 Condemnation
                 is
                 more
                 expedient
                 for
                 Client
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 favourable
                 Judgment
                 after
                 a
                 tedious
                 dependance
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 commences
                 a
                 Law-suit
                 now-a-days
                 ,
                 does
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 plant
                 a
                 Palm-Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 can●t
                 expect
                 to
                 live
                 to
                 gather
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 State
                 where
                 Suits
                 are
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 can
                 never
                 live
                 peaceably
                 and
                 amicably
                 18
                 .
                 Let
                 there
                 therefore
                 be
                 few
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 Attornies
                 ,
                 and
                 Sollicitors
                 .
                 How
                 can
                 that
                 Government
                 be
                 quiet
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 who
                 get
                 their
                 living
                 by
                 raising
                 and
                 promoting
                 Feuds
                 and
                 Law-suits
                 ?
                 What
                 hopes
                 of
                 Restitution
                 to
                 the
                 injur'd
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 ready
                 to
                 fleece
                 and
                 strip
                 him
                 ?
                 Suppose
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 Persons
                 of
                 Worth
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 Justice
                 ne'er
                 the
                 better
                 administred
                 for
                 their
                 number
                 ;
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 Disease
                 is
                 better
                 cur'd
                 by
                 many
                 Physicians
                 .
                 Nor
                 would
                 it
                 redound
                 to
                 the
                 Common
                 Good
                 ,
                 if
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Tranquility
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Estates
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 too
                 nice
                 a
                 scrutiny
                 into
                 every
                 ones
                 Right
                 :
                 A
                 moderate
                 and
                 moral
                 Care
                 is
                 sufficient
                 .
              
               
               
                 Nor
                 does
                 less
                 damage
                 arrive
                 from
                 an
                 abundance
                 of
                 Penal
                 Laws
                 to
                 prohibit
                 Luxury
                 in
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 and
                 superfluous
                 Expences
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 Edicts
                 are
                 generally
                 slighted
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 observed
                 ;
                 the
                 same
                 Month
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 establish'd
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 abolish'd
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 like
                 the
                 Responses
                 of
                 the
                 Sibyls
                 ,
                 written
                 upon
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 scatter'd
                 by
                 the
                 Wind.
                 And
                 if
                 once
                 this
                 disobedience
                 takes
                 place
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 Luxury
                 more
                 insolent
                 and
                 secure
                 19
                 .
                 The
                 Prince's
                 Reputation
                 suffers
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Remedies
                 which
                 he
                 prescribes
                 are
                 ineffectual
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 observ'd
                 .
                 The
                 Edicts
                 of
                 Margaret
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 Dutchess
                 of
                 Parma
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 executed
                 ,
                 derogated
                 much
                 from
                 her
                 Authority
                 in
                 Flanders
                 .
                 Therefore
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 question
                 ,
                 whether
                 moderate
                 Luxury
                 be
                 not
                 a
                 more
                 tolerable
                 Inconveniency
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 Prohibition
                 when
                 not
                 obey'd
                 20
                 ?
                 Or
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 better
                 to
                 wink
                 at
                 old
                 and
                 settled
                 Vices
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 feeble
                 Laws
                 to
                 shew
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 stronger
                 than
                 the
                 Prince
                 ?
                 If
                 Laws
                 are
                 once
                 broken
                 ,
                 unpunished
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 restraint
                 or
                 shame
                 beyond
                 .
                 If
                 a
                 Prince
                 would
                 express
                 these
                 Laws
                 and
                 Edicts
                 about
                 Reformation
                 of
                 Manners
                 in
                 himself
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 natural
                 Propensity
                 in
                 Inferiors
                 to
                 imitate
                 their
                 Superiors
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Subjects
                 their
                 Prince
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 effectual
                 than
                 the
                 rigour
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 without
                 danger
                 to
                 Sovereign
                 Authority
                 .
                 Frugality
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Sumptuary
                 Laws
                 could
                 not
                 introduce
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Vespasian
                 did
                 ,
                 only
                 by
                 his
                 Example
                 21
                 .
                 The
                 Imitation
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Slavery
                 sweetned
                 by
                 Flattery
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 easier
                 for
                 Nature
                 to
                 err
                 in
                 her
                 own
                 Works
                 ,
                 said
                 Theodorick
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Goths
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 the
                 Subjects
                 not
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 Manners
                 of
                 their
                 Prince
                 .
                 In
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Glass
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 adjust
                 their
                 Actions
                 :
                 
                   
                   
                     —
                     The
                     Nation
                     follows
                     still
                     ,
                  
                   
                     The
                     Fashions
                     of
                     the
                     Court
                     ,
                     and
                     't
                     always
                     proves
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Example
                     more
                     than
                     Law
                     the
                     People
                     moves
                     .
                  
                   
                     Claud.
                     
                  
                
                 Customs
                 are
                 Laws
                 ,
                 not
                 written
                 upon
                 Paper
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Mind
                 and
                 Memory
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 more
                 grateful
                 when
                 not
                 forc'd
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 free
                 choice
                 and
                 sort
                 of
                 liberty
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 common
                 Consent
                 ,
                 which
                 first
                 introduc'd
                 them
                 ,
                 still
                 observes
                 them
                 so
                 strictly
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 won't
                 permit
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 altered
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 bad
                 ,
                 for
                 common
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 received
                 by
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 fully
                 perswaded
                 they
                 are
                 just
                 and
                 reasonable
                 ,
                 does
                 prevail
                 more
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 than
                 the
                 strongest
                 Arguments
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Inconveniences
                 themselves
                 which
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 them
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 therefore
                 more
                 prudent
                 to
                 bear
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 wholly
                 to
                 remove
                 them
                 .
                 A
                 prudent
                 Prince
                 governs
                 his
                 State
                 without
                 altering
                 its
                 Customs
                 22
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 opposite
                 to
                 Virtue
                 or
                 Religion
                 ,
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 dexterously
                 corrected
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 degrees
                 prepared
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 reason
                 .
                 King
                 Froila
                 incurr'd
                 the
                 odium
                 of
                 many
                 by
                 disannulling
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 Clergy's
                 marrying
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 introduc'd
                 by
                 Witiza
                 ,
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 State
                 be
                 not
                 well
                 constituted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Peoples
                 minds
                 docil
                 and
                 corrigible
                 ,
                 Laws
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 small
                 use
                 23
                 .
                 Which
                 I
                 believe
                 Solon
                 meant
                 ,
                 when
                 being
                 ask'd
                 what
                 Laws
                 were
                 best
                 ;
                 he
                 answered
                 ,
                 those
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 observe
                 .
                 Medicines
                 are
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 where
                 the
                 Disease
                 is
                 incurable
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Laws
                 will
                 be
                 insignificant
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 Prince
                 by
                 his
                 Life
                 and
                 Example
                 confirm
                 and
                 strengthen
                 them
                 24
                 .
                 That
                 Law
                 seems
                 pleasant
                 and
                 easy
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Legislator
                 himself
                 observes
                 :
                 
                   
                   
                     If
                     you
                     command
                     ,
                     and
                     hope
                     to
                     be
                     obey'd
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Observe
                     your self
                     those
                     Laws
                     your self
                     first
                     made
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     People
                     then
                     will
                     due
                     Obedience
                     shew
                     ,
                  
                   
                     To
                     you
                     who
                     make
                     Laws
                     ,
                     and
                     observe
                     them
                     too
                     .
                  
                   
                     Claud.
                     
                  
                
                 The
                 Laws
                 made
                 by
                 
                   Servius
                   Tullius
                
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 25
                 .
                 By
                 them
                 Controversies
                 between
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 People
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 determined
                 :
                 As
                 Tacitus
                 relates
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 26
                 .
                 
                 Tho'
                 (
                 said
                 the
                 Emperors
                 ,
                 Severus
                 and
                 
                   Antoninus
                   )
                   we
                   are
                   free
                   from
                   the
                   Laws
                   ,
                   yet
                   we
                   live
                   by
                   them
                   .
                
                 A
                 Prince
                 is
                 not
                 oblig'd
                 by
                 the
                 strict
                 Letter
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Reason
                 on
                 which
                 't
                 is
                 grounded
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 natural
                 and
                 common
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 not
                 peculiar
                 to
                 Subjects
                 only
                 for
                 their
                 good
                 Government
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 such
                 case
                 the
                 Observation
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 belongs
                 to
                 them
                 alone
                 ,
                 tho'
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 necessary
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Case
                 will
                 allow
                 ,
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 conform
                 himself
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 may
                 seem
                 the
                 more
                 pleasant
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 meaning
                 of
                 God's
                 Command
                 to
                 Ezekiel
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 eat
                 the
                 Roll
                 27
                 .
                 That
                 others
                 seeing
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 first
                 tasted
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 them
                 sweet
                 as
                 Honey
                 ,
                 all
                 might
                 imitate
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 are
                 so
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Treasury
                 in
                 cases
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Patrimony
                 ,
                 runs
                 the
                 same
                 fortune
                 with
                 any
                 other
                 Subject
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 doubtful
                 case
                 is
                 condemn'd
                 .
                 So
                 it
                 was
                 enacted
                 by
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 ;
                 and
                 once
                 when
                 his
                 Grandson
                 ,
                 Philip
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 your
                 Highness's
                 Father
                 ,
                 was
                 present
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 Debate
                 of
                 a
                 Case
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 ,
                 neither
                 the
                 Judges
                 wanted
                 Integrity
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 nor
                 his
                 Majesty
                 Temper
                 to
                 hear
                 it
                 without
                 Resentment
                 .
                 Happy
                 is
                 that
                 State
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Cause
                 is
                 the
                 worst
                 28
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THough
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Consent
                 confers
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Justice
                 upon
                 Princes
                 ,
                 they
                 receive
                 it
                 immediately
                 from
                 God
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 his
                 Vicars
                 in
                 Temporal
                 Affairs
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 Royal
                 Eagles
                 ,
                 the
                 Ministers
                 of
                 Iove
                 1
                 ,
                 who
                 Administer
                 his
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 and
                 supply
                 his
                 place
                 in
                 punishing
                 Vice
                 ,
                 and
                 administring
                 Justice
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 three
                 Qualities
                 of
                 the
                 Eagle
                 ,
                 sharpness
                 of
                 Sight
                 to
                 inspect
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 swiftness
                 of
                 Wing
                 for
                 Execution
                 ,
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 Talons
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 main't
                 fail
                 therein
                 .
                 The
                 Injury
                 done
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 Nobleman
                 to
                 a
                 poor
                 Peasant
                 ,
                 though
                 in
                 the
                 remotest
                 Corner
                 of
                 Galicia
                 ,
                 
                 could
                 not
                 escape
                 the
                 quick
                 sight
                 of
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Seventh
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 who
                 disguising
                 himself
                 ,
                 went
                 immediately
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 with
                 such
                 speed
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 apprehended
                 him
                 before
                 he
                 knew
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 his
                 coming
                 .
                 O
                 lively
                 and
                 ardent
                 Soul
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 !
                 to
                 be
                 himself
                 Judge
                 and
                 Executioner
                 ,
                 to
                 satisfy
                 an
                 Injury
                 done
                 to
                 a
                 poor
                 Peas●nt
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 punish
                 the
                 unjust
                 Oppression
                 of
                 the
                 Grandee
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 did
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 at
                 Medina
                 ,
                 went
                 privately
                 to
                 Salamanca
                 ,
                 and
                 seized
                 
                   Roderigo
                   Maltonado
                
                 ,
                 who
                 exercis'd
                 great-Oppressions
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Monleon
                 2
                 .
                 Who
                 would
                 ever
                 transgress
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 always
                 fear'd
                 such
                 a
                 surprise
                 ?
                 One
                 such
                 as
                 this
                 would
                 frighten
                 and
                 reform
                 a
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 expedient
                 for
                 Majesty
                 it self
                 to
                 imitate
                 such
                 Examples
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 well
                 settled
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Judicature
                 are
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 is
                 fresh
                 and
                 lively
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 sufficeint
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 see
                 Justice
                 administer'd
                 by
                 his
                 Ministers
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 all
                 is
                 in
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 when
                 Obedience
                 staggers
                 ;
                 when
                 the
                 King's
                 Authority
                 is
                 slighted
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 was
                 in
                 those
                 times
                 ,
                 then
                 some
                 such
                 suddain
                 and
                 severe
                 Punishment
                 will
                 be
                 seasonable
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 may
                 know
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 their
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 understand
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Humane
                 Body
                 ,
                 so
                 in
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 the
                 Soul
                 of
                 Majesty
                 is
                 all
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 .
                 Yet
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 necessary
                 to
                 moderate
                 this
                 severity
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Distemper
                 is
                 inveterate
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 confirm'd
                 in
                 Vice
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 Virtue
                 should
                 be
                 too
                 severe
                 upon
                 Vice
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 reform
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 esteem'd
                 rather
                 Cruelty
                 than
                 Justice
                 .
                 Time
                 must
                 recruit
                 that
                 which
                 time
                 has
                 weakned
                 ;
                 to
                 precipitate
                 a
                 Cure
                 is
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 make
                 the
                 Prince
                 experience
                 the
                 Rage
                 of
                 the
                 incens'd
                 Multitude
                 .
                 Connivance
                 and
                 Dexterity
                 is
                 often
                 more
                 effectual
                 than
                 force
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 was
                 excellent
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 King
                 Peter
                 was
                 deceiv'd
                 ,
                 who
                 relying
                 wholly
                 
                 upon
                 Severity
                 ,
                 got
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Cruel
                 .
                 Though
                 Justice
                 be
                 one
                 single
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 yet
                 has
                 it
                 various
                 Effects
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 time
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 the
                 People
                 wholly
                 reject
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 more
                 Insolent
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 they
                 acknowledge
                 the
                 damage
                 of
                 their
                 excess
                 ,
                 and
                 co-operate
                 with
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 remedy
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 suggest
                 the
                 most
                 severe
                 means
                 against
                 their
                 own
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Prince
                 acquires
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Just
                 without
                 danger
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 remit
                 the
                 Punishment
                 of
                 such
                 Offences
                 against
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 few
                 are
                 concern'd
                 ,
                 but
                 pardon
                 those
                 in
                 which
                 many
                 are
                 involv'd
                 .
                 Agrippa
                 being
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Isle
                 of
                 Planasia
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 Slave
                 who
                 was
                 very
                 like
                 him
                 ,
                 stealing
                 away
                 his
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 pretended
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 Agrippa
                 ;
                 the
                 Romans
                 believ'd
                 it
                 ;
                 the
                 Report
                 spread
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Tumult
                 ,
                 with
                 evident
                 danger
                 of
                 a
                 Civil
                 War.
                 Tiberius
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Slave
                 to
                 be
                 apprehended
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 privately
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 many
                 Gentlemen
                 and
                 Senators
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Family
                 ,
                 were
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 assisted
                 him
                 with
                 Money
                 and
                 Advice
                 3
                 ,
                 yet
                 would
                 he
                 suffer
                 none
                 to
                 speak
                 in
                 his
                 behalf
                 .
                 Thus
                 Prudence
                 triumph'd
                 over
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Silence
                 and
                 Connivence
                 he
                 appeas'd
                 the
                 Disorder
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 pardon
                 small
                 Offences
                 ,
                 and
                 punish
                 great
                 ones
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 let
                 him
                 be
                 content
                 with
                 Repentance
                 ,
                 which
                 Tacitus
                 commended
                 in
                 Agricola
                 4
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 best
                 Governor
                 who
                 punishes
                 with
                 most
                 Severity
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 who
                 pardons
                 with
                 such
                 Discretion
                 and
                 Circumspection
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 Delinquents
                 to
                 transgress
                 again
                 .
                 No
                 body
                 commends
                 a
                 Chirurgeon
                 for
                 cutting
                 off
                 many
                 Legs
                 and
                 Arms
                 ;
                 no
                 body
                 hates
                 a
                 Prince
                 for
                 punishing
                 ,
                 provided
                 he
                 does
                 it
                 with
                 Reluctancy
                 and
                 Grief
                 ;
                 but
                 him
                 who
                 delights
                 
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 eagerly
                 carps
                 at
                 all
                 opportunities
                 of
                 doing
                 it
                 .
                 To
                 punish
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 and
                 amendment
                 is
                 Mercy
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 through
                 Passion
                 or
                 Avarice
                 is
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 suffer
                 any
                 one
                 to
                 think
                 himself
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 dare
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Ministers
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 who
                 represent
                 its
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 the
                 Pillar
                 of
                 Justice
                 can't
                 stand
                 secure
                 5
                 ,
                 when
                 such
                 boldness
                 once
                 takes
                 place
                 ,
                 contempt
                 will
                 by
                 degrees
                 undermine
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 The
                 chief
                 Foundation
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 has
                 rais'd
                 it
                 to
                 such
                 an
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 keeps
                 it
                 so
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 inviolable
                 Observation
                 of
                 Justice
                 and
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 its
                 Kings
                 have
                 always
                 taken
                 care
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 respected
                 and
                 esteem'd
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 No
                 Violation
                 of
                 it
                 goes
                 unpunish'd
                 ,
                 though
                 great
                 be
                 the
                 Dignity
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Delinquent
                 .
                 A
                 certain
                 Judge
                 at
                 Corduba
                 ,
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 enquiring
                 into
                 some
                 Misdemeanor
                 ,
                 whom
                 when
                 the
                 Marquiss
                 of
                 Puego
                 had
                 arrested
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 so
                 resented
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Signal
                 Services
                 of
                 that
                 Family
                 of
                 Corduba
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 hinder
                 him
                 from
                 punishing
                 him
                 very
                 severely
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 he
                 put
                 himself
                 wholly
                 into
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Hands
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Captain
                 ,
                 who
                 seeing
                 the
                 heinousness
                 of
                 the
                 Crime
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 not
                 admit
                 of
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 wrote
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 cast
                 himself
                 at
                 the
                 King's
                 Feet
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 might
                 perhaps
                 expiate
                 his
                 Crime
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 not
                 he
                 would
                 certainly
                 be
                 ruined
                 6
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 ought
                 a
                 Prince
                 only
                 to
                 punish
                 Crimes
                 committed
                 against
                 his
                 own
                 Person
                 ,
                 or
                 during
                 his
                 Reign
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 also
                 which
                 were
                 acted
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 State
                 were
                 then
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
                 For
                 Presidents
                 of
                 Disobedience
                 and
                 Contempt
                 of
                 Authority
                 being
                 conniv'd
                 at
                 ,
                 or
                 rewarded
                 ,
                 are
                 dangerous
                 even
                 to
                 Successors
                 .
                 Dignity
                 is
                 ever
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 being
                 always
                 
                 espoused
                 to
                 him
                 who
                 possesses
                 her
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 he
                 defends
                 his
                 own
                 Cause
                 ,
                 who
                 takes
                 care
                 of
                 his
                 Predecessor's
                 Honour
                 ,
                 though
                 't
                 was
                 not
                 wounded
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 leave
                 behind
                 him
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 one
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 been
                 so
                 impudent
                 as
                 to
                 affront
                 Authority
                 unpunish'd
                 ;
                 for
                 i●
                 once
                 Subjects
                 are
                 perswaded
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 raise
                 their
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 or
                 satisfy
                 their
                 Passions
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Death
                 or
                 Abuse
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 none
                 will
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 live
                 secure
                 .
                 The
                 Punishment
                 of
                 Impudence
                 to
                 the
                 Predecessor
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 the
                 Successor
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 warning
                 to
                 all
                 from
                 daring
                 to
                 attempt
                 the
                 like
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 Vitellius
                 put
                 all
                 those
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 who
                 petition'd
                 him
                 for
                 Rewards
                 for
                 the
                 Murther
                 of
                 Galba
                 7
                 .
                 Every
                 one
                 is
                 treated
                 as
                 he
                 treats
                 others
                 .
                 
                   Iulius
                   Caesar
                
                 commanding
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 Pompey
                 to
                 be
                 erected
                 ,
                 confirm'd
                 his
                 own
                 .
                 If
                 Princes
                 should
                 not
                 unite
                 against
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Treason
                 ,
                 Authority
                 and
                 Loyalty
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 danger
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Cases
                 where
                 the
                 same
                 circumstances
                 concur
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 connive
                 at
                 some
                 and
                 punish
                 others
                 ,
                 for
                 nothing
                 renders
                 them
                 more
                 odious
                 than
                 partiality
                 8
                 ,
                 Whence
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 signified
                 the
                 Equality
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 observ'd
                 in
                 Justice
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Feathers
                 of
                 an
                 Ostrich
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 equal
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 great
                 Prudence
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 find
                 such
                 sorts
                 of
                 Punishments
                 ,
                 as
                 will
                 expiate
                 the
                 Offence
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 least
                 damage
                 to
                 the
                 Delinquent
                 .
                 Certain
                 Noblemen
                 fomented
                 Disturbances
                 in
                 Galicia
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 deserv'd
                 Death
                 ,
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Fourth
                 call●d
                 them
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 employs
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 where
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 punish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 others
                 by
                 the
                 Hardships
                 and
                 Toils
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 that
                 Province
                 was
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 Tranquility
                 .
              
               
               
                 As
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 Justice
                 and
                 Mercy
                 are
                 very
                 advantageous
                 ,
                 so
                 in
                 War
                 are
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 ;
                 because
                 there
                 the
                 Dangers
                 are
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 attempted
                 without
                 great
                 hopes
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 but
                 fear
                 could
                 restrain
                 the
                 Licentiousness
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 In
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 without
                 these
                 two
                 things
                 ,
                 says
                 King
                 
                   Alphonso
                   ,
                   The
                   Faults
                   which
                   are
                   committed●in
                   War
                   are
                   much
                   more
                   dangerous
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   Men
                   have
                   so
                   much
                   to
                   do
                   to
                   defend
                   themselves
                   from
                   the
                   Mischief
                   of
                   their
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   how
                   much
                   more
                   have
                   they
                   from
                   that
                   which
                   accrues
                   from
                   their
                   own
                   Faults
                   ?
                
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 the
                 Romans
                 inflicted
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Infamy
                 and
                 Punishment
                 upon
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 who
                 fail'd
                 in
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 any
                 dangerous
                 Attempt
                 or
                 Military
                 Affair
                 ;
                 whence
                 they
                 were
                 less
                 afraid
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 than
                 the
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 and
                 chose-rather
                 to
                 die
                 bravely
                 in
                 Action
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 lose
                 their
                 Honour
                 or
                 Lives
                 afterwards
                 with
                 perpetual
                 Ignominy
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 .
                 In
                 those
                 times
                 none
                 durst
                 Desert
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 shelter
                 himself
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 Now-a-days
                 Deserters
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 not
                 punished
                 when
                 they
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 but
                 sculking
                 from
                 Battel
                 ,
                 they
                 March
                 from
                 Milan
                 to
                 Naples
                 ,
                 where
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 serv'd
                 under
                 some
                 other
                 Prince
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 again
                 listed
                 into
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Service
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 detriment
                 thereof
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 the
                 Vice-Roys
                 should
                 follow
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 extream
                 want
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 induc'd
                 to
                 redeem
                 six
                 thousand
                 Prisoners
                 which
                 Hannibal
                 offered
                 them
                 ,
                 thinking
                 them
                 not
                 worth
                 Redemption
                 ,
                 who
                 suffer'd
                 themselves
                 ignominiously
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 died
                 gloriously
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Errors
                 of
                 Generals
                 committed
                 through
                 ignorance
                 ,
                 ought
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 conniv'd
                 at
                 than
                 punish'd
                 ,
                 least
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 being
                 punished
                 or
                 reprimanded
                 should
                 make
                 them
                 too
                 timorous
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 greatest
                 Prudence
                 may
                 be
                 confounded
                 in
                 Accidents
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 deserve
                 Compassion
                 rather
                 than
                 Punishment
                 .
                 Varro
                 lost
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 his
                 return
                 the
                 whole
                 
                 Senate
                 went
                 out
                 to
                 receive
                 him
                 ,
                 thanking
                 him
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 total
                 Defeat
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 wholly
                 despair'd
                 of
                 Affairs
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 connivence
                 is
                 not
                 convenient
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 Justice
                 is
                 required
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 done
                 with
                 readiness
                 and
                 resolution
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 does
                 it
                 privately
                 and
                 by
                 stealth
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 like
                 an
                 Assassine
                 than
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 checks
                 the
                 Authority
                 which
                 the
                 Crown
                 gives
                 him
                 ,
                 either
                 doubts
                 his
                 Power
                 or
                 Merit
                 ;
                 from
                 the
                 Prince's
                 distrust
                 of
                 himself
                 proceeds
                 the
                 Peoples
                 disrespect
                 .
                 Whose
                 Opinion
                 of
                 him
                 is
                 answerable
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 has
                 of
                 himself
                 .
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 lost
                 the
                 esteem
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 by
                 doing
                 Justice
                 in
                 private
                 .
                 This
                 can
                 be
                 convenient
                 only
                 in
                 troublesome
                 times
                 ,
                 when
                 greater
                 Dangers
                 may
                 be
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 People
                 don't
                 see
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 Seditions
                 punish'd
                 e'er
                 they
                 know
                 they
                 are
                 taken
                 .
                 Thus
                 Tiberius
                 acted
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 this
                 Inconveniency
                 9
                 .
                 In
                 other
                 Cases
                 let
                 a
                 Prince
                 execute
                 that
                 Office
                 boldly
                 and
                 vigorously
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 holds
                 in
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 God
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 was
                 Justice
                 that
                 at
                 first
                 gave
                 him
                 his
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 must
                 preserve
                 it
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 the
                 Harmony
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 Majesty
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Laws
                 be
                 once
                 suffer'd
                 to
                 be
                 broken
                 unpunish'd
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 neither
                 Fear
                 nor
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 them
                 no
                 Peace
                 nor
                 Quiet
                 10
                 .
                 Yet
                 let
                 Princes
                 consider
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 like
                 Masters
                 of
                 Families
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 really
                 are
                 such
                 in
                 respect
                 to
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 let
                 them
                 temper
                 Justice
                 with
                 Clemency
                 .
                 They
                 ought
                 to
                 drink
                 the
                 Sins
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 God
                 intimated
                 to
                 St.
                 Peter
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 Vessel
                 of
                 unclean
                 Animals
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 eat
                 11
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 Stomach
                 of
                 an
                 Ostrich
                 ,
                 so
                 
                 hot
                 with
                 Mercy
                 as
                 to
                 digest
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 be
                 also
                 an
                 Eagle
                 with
                 the
                 Thunder
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 striking
                 one
                 terrifies
                 all
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 all
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 punish'd
                 who
                 transgress'd
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 none
                 left
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 Command
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 scarce
                 any
                 Man
                 so
                 just
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 one
                 time
                 or
                 other
                 deserved
                 Death
                 12
                 .
                 The
                 Rigour
                 of
                 Justice
                 is
                 not
                 less
                 dangerous
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 Empires
                 ,
                 than
                 Injustice
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 King
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 is
                 an
                 Example
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 his
                 great
                 Severity
                 became
                 odious
                 to
                 his
                 People
                 :
                 And
                 King
                 Peter
                 the
                 Cruel
                 ,
                 lost
                 thereby
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 and
                 Life
                 too
                 .
                 Let
                 Justice
                 and
                 Mercy
                 walk
                 hand
                 in
                 hand
                 ,
                 so
                 link'd
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Body
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 that
                 one
                 may
                 be
                 us'd
                 without
                 Offence
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 God
                 gave
                 not
                 the
                 flaming
                 Sword
                 ,
                 which
                 guarded
                 Paradise
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 Seraphim
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 all
                 Love
                 and
                 Mercy
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 a
                 Cherubim
                 ,
                 a
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 who
                 knew
                 better
                 how
                 to
                 temper
                 Justice
                 with
                 Clemency
                 13
                 .
                 Nothing
                 is
                 more
                 pernicious
                 than
                 a
                 Prince
                 over-merciful
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 times
                 of
                 Nerva
                 they
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 't
                 was
                 more
                 difficult
                 to
                 live
                 under
                 a
                 Prince
                 who
                 bore
                 with
                 all
                 ,
                 than
                 one
                 who
                 bore
                 with
                 nothing
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 less
                 Cruel
                 who
                 pardons
                 all
                 ,
                 than
                 he
                 who
                 forgives
                 none
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 excessive
                 Mercy
                 less
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 than
                 Cruelty
                 14
                 ;
                 and
                 sometimes
                 Indulgence
                 and
                 Forbearance
                 does
                 more
                 mischief
                 than
                 the
                 Crime
                 it self
                 .
                 For
                 wickedness
                 grows
                 bolder
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 can
                 promise
                 it self
                 pardon
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 the
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 Negligence
                 of
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 that
                 made
                 his
                 Reign
                 as
                 Bloody
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 King
                 Peter
                 was
                 by
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 .
                 Clemency
                 and
                 Severity
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 profuse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 moderate
                 ,
                 make
                 the
                 Prince
                 beloved
                 15
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 can
                 neatly
                 and
                 prudently
                 
                 temper
                 these
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 can't
                 chuse
                 but
                 govern
                 well
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 his
                 whole
                 Reign
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 tuneful
                 Harmony
                 ,
                 like
                 that
                 which
                 proceeds
                 from
                 a
                 Base
                 and
                 Treble
                 16
                 .
                 Heaven
                 produces
                 Corn
                 by
                 the
                 mildness
                 of
                 its
                 Dew
                 ,
                 and
                 preserves
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 rigour
                 of
                 its
                 Frosts
                 and
                 Snows
                 .
                 If
                 God
                 were
                 not
                 merciful
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 fear
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 adore
                 him
                 ;
                 both
                 these
                 Virtues
                 make
                 him
                 both
                 fear'd
                 and
                 lov'd
                 .
                 Therefore
                 Alphonsus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 by
                 Justice
                 I
                 oblige
                 the
                 good
                 ,
                 the
                 bad
                 by
                 Clemency
                 .
                 The
                 one
                 compels
                 their
                 Fear
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 engages
                 their
                 Love.
                 Confidence
                 of
                 pardon
                 makes
                 Subjects
                 arrogant
                 ,
                 and
                 excessive
                 Clemency
                 creates
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Disrespect
                 ,
                 and
                 occasions
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 Governments
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THERE
                 are
                 no
                 greater
                 Chymists
                 than
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 set
                 a
                 value
                 upon
                 worthless
                 Trifles
                 in
                 bestowing
                 them
                 upon
                 others
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 Virtue
                 1
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 invented
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 as
                 Mural
                 ,
                 Civick
                 ,
                 and
                 Naval
                 ,
                 as
                 glorious
                 Badges
                 of
                 great
                 and
                 worthy
                 Exploits
                 ;
                 these
                 Nature
                 suppli'd
                 them
                 with
                 as
                 Grass
                 ,
                 Palm
                 ,
                 and
                 Bays
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 without
                 any
                 cost
                 they
                 made
                 those
                 Crowns
                 .
                 The
                 Treasury
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 been
                 sufficient
                 to
                 have
                 rewarded
                 Services
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 that
                 politick
                 Invention
                 of
                 Crowns
                 been
                 thought
                 on
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 given
                 as
                 publick
                 Testimonies
                 of
                 Val●ur
                 
                 were
                 more
                 valued
                 and
                 esteem'd
                 than
                 Gold
                 or
                 Silver
                 .
                 The
                 Soldiers
                 underwent
                 all
                 Fatigues
                 and
                 Dangers
                 to
                 obtain
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 founded
                 Military
                 Orders
                 ,
                 whose
                 Badges
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 marks
                 of
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 of
                 Valour
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 care
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 to
                 keep
                 up
                 their
                 Value
                 and
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 by
                 bestowing
                 them
                 with
                 great
                 attention
                 and
                 respect
                 to
                 Merit
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 much
                 esteem'd
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 tokens
                 of
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Bravery
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 without
                 distinction
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 promiscuously
                 con●●r'd
                 on
                 all
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 grow
                 cheap
                 and
                 contempti●●●
                 .
                 And
                 Arminius
                 might
                 well
                 jeer
                 his
                 Brother
                 Flavius
                 (
                 who
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Roman
                 Faction
                 )
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 〈◊〉
                 an
                 Eye
                 in
                 Battel
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 call
                 to
                 mind
                 the
                 Collar
                 and
                 Crown
                 ,
                 the
                 cheap
                 Rewards
                 of
                 Slavery
                 2
                 The
                 Romans
                 so
                 well
                 knew
                 of
                 what
                 advantage
                 't
                 was
                 to
                 ●●●●erve
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Esteem
                 for
                 those
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 that
                 〈◊〉
                 held
                 a
                 Council
                 about
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 which
                 a
                 S●●dier
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 indow'd
                 with
                 ,
                 to
                 merit
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Oak
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Badge
                 of
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 St.
                 Iames
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 this
                 present
                 Emblem
                 )
                 are
                 express'd
                 the
                 Endowments
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 consider'd
                 ere
                 it
                 is
                 be●●w'd
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 ground-work
                 is
                 a
                 Scollop-shell
                 ,
                 the
                 ●●●duct
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 bred
                 among
                 Waves
                 and
                 Billows
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 inur'd
                 to
                 Fatigues
                 ;
                 in
                 its
                 fair
                 Bosom
                 shines
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 〈◊〉
                 Purity
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 bred
                 by
                 the
                 Dew
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ;
                 when
                 these
                 are
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 Children
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 who
                 〈◊〉
                 not
                 de●erv'd
                 them
                 by
                 any
                 signal
                 Service
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 Favour
                 ,
                 not
                 Rewards
                 .
                 Who
                 will
                 endeavour
                 〈◊〉
                 merit
                 them
                 by
                 Services
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 can
                 obtain
                 them
                 by
                 diligence
                 ?
                 They
                 were
                 instituted
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 not
                 Peace
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 so
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 distributed
                 among
                 those
                 only
                 who
                 〈◊〉
                 signaliz'd
                 themselves
                 therein
                 ,
                 or
                 serv
                 d
                 at
                 least
                 four
                 Years
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 themselves
                 fit
                 for
                 Preferment
                 3
                 ,
                 which
                 doubtless
                 would
                 induce
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Nobility
                 to
                 apply
                 their
                 minds
                 to
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 War
                 would
                 flourish
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Athenians
                 neglected
                 ,
                 they
                 became
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 4
                 .
                 
                   Alexander
                   Severus
                
                 considering
                 the
                 importance
                 of
                 gratifying
                 the
                 Soldiery
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 Foundation
                 and
                 Security
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 divided
                 the
                 Contributions
                 among
                 them
                 ;
                 esteeming
                 it
                 a
                 great
                 Crime
                 to
                 squander
                 it
                 away
                 in
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 or
                 upon
                 his
                 Courtiers
                 5
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 other
                 Rewards
                 be
                 common
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 who
                 signalize
                 themselves
                 either
                 in
                 War
                 or
                 Peace
                 ;
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 the
                 Scepter
                 was
                 endow'd
                 with
                 Riches
                 ,
                 Honours
                 ,
                 and
                 Offices
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 with
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 Justice
                 that
                 with
                 these
                 it
                 might
                 punish
                 Offences
                 ;
                 with
                 those
                 reward
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Valour
                 .
              
               
                 Without
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 ,
                 Governmen●
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Spirit
                 that
                 maintains
                 and
                 preserves
                 them
                 ;
                 without
                 them
                 they
                 can't
                 subsist
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 Reward
                 engage
                 Respect
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 even
                 against
                 the
                 natural
                 desire
                 of
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 Ancients
                 represented
                 Empire
                 by
                 a
                 Whip
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 some
                 Consular
                 Coins
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 was
                 a
                 Prognostick
                 of
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 who
                 dreaming
                 that
                 Iupiter
                 offer'd
                 him
                 a
                 Whip
                 ;
                 he
                 interpreted
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 erected
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 ,
                 Who
                 would
                 refrain
                 from
                 Vice
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 Punishments
                 ?
                 Who
                 would
                 ●●pose
                 themselves
                 to
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 were
                 there
                 no
                 Rewards
                 ?
                 Democritus
                 considering
                 that
                 the
                 World
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 govern'd
                 without
                 them
                 ,
                 call'd
                 them
                 
                   Two
                   Gods
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 Poles
                 of
                 the
                 Orb
                 of
                 Civil
                 Authority
                 ,
                 the
                 two
                 Lights
                 of
                 a
                 State
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 overwhelm'd
                 
                 in
                 foggy
                 darkness
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 Props
                 of
                 Princes
                 Thrones
                 6
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 Ezekiel
                 commanded
                 King
                 Zedekiah
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 his
                 Crown
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 Regalia
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 unworthy
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 distribute
                 Rewards
                 with
                 Justice
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 in
                 acknowledging
                 Merits
                 ,
                 acknowledges
                 a
                 Reward
                 due
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 Relatives
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 gives
                 not
                 that
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 unjust
                 .
                 The
                 importance
                 of
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 was
                 not
                 well
                 consider'd
                 by
                 the
                 Legislators
                 and
                 Lawyers
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 been
                 altogether
                 upon
                 Penalties
                 and
                 Punishments
                 ,
                 without
                 ever
                 mentioning
                 Rewards
                 .
                 That
                 wise
                 Legislator
                 of
                 the
                 Partidas
                 consider'd
                 ●elter
                 of
                 this
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 join
                 one
                 with
                 the
                 ●●her
                 ,
                 he
                 intituled
                 it
                 particularly
                 
                   of
                   Rewards
                
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 therefore
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 are
                 so
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 this
                 Balance
                 he
                 can't
                 walk
                 steadily
                 upon
                 the
                 Rope
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 well
                 to
                 consider
                 the
                 right
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 rea●●n
                 the
                 Lictors
                 Rods
                 were
                 bound
                 up
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Crowns
                 ●eing
                 made
                 of
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 which
                 soon
                 fade
                 ,
                 were
                 wrought
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Victory
                 ;
                 that
                 while
                 those
                 were
                 loos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 were
                 finish'd
                 ,
                 some
                 time
                 might
                 interfere
                 between
                 the
                 Fault
                 and
                 the
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 Desert
                 and
                 the
                 Reward
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Merit
                 and
                 Demerit
                 might
                 be
                 duly
                 consider'd
                 .
                 Rewards
                 inconsiderately
                 given
                 ,
                 scarce
                 merit
                 thanks
                 .
                 He
                 soon
                 repents
                 ,
                 who
                 bestows
                 them
                 rashly
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 Virtue
                 safe
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 punishes
                 without
                 Discretion
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Punishment
                 be
                 extravagant
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 excuse
                 the
                 Fault
                 ,
                 and
                 blame
                 the
                 Severity
                 .
                 If
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Vice
                 be
                 equally
                 rewarded
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 is
                 disgusted
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 becomes
                 insolent
                 .
                 If
                 in
                 equality
                 of
                 Merit
                 ,
                 one
                 is
                 rewarded
                 above
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 it
                 creates
                 Envy
                 and
                 Ingratitude
                 ;
                 for
                 Envy
                 and
                 Gratitude
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 can
                 never
                 go
                 together
                 ;
                 also
                 the
                 method
                 of
                 dispensing
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 consider'd
                 ;
                 for
                 Rewards
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 deferr'd
                 till
                 
                 they
                 grow
                 despicable
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 despair'd
                 of
                 ;
                 nor
                 Punishments
                 till
                 they
                 seem
                 not
                 due
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 aton'd
                 〈◊〉
                 by
                 length
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 not
                 being
                 now
                 exemplary
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Cause
                 is
                 wholly
                 worn
                 out
                 of
                 Memory
                 .
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 your
                 Highness's
                 Progenitors
                 ,
                 very
                 judiciously
                 admonish'd
                 his
                 Poster●ty
                 ,
                 how
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 behave
                 themselves
                 in
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   beh●vse
                   our selves
                   with
                   Moderation
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   Good
                   we
                   do
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   Ill
                   we
                   punish
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   in
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   we
                   must
                   have
                   regard
                   to
                   the
                   Circumstances
                   of
                   the
                   Person
                   ,
                   Time
                   and
                   Place
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   World
                   properly
                   speaking
                   is
                   supported
                   but
                   by
                   the
                   Observation
                   of
                   these
                   two
                   things
                   ,
                   Rewarding
                   those
                   that
                   do
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   Punishing
                   those
                   that
                   do
                   otherwise
                   .
                
                 Sometimes
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 convenient
                 to
                 defer
                 the
                 distribution
                 of
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 seem
                 due
                 from
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 expect
                 them
                 ,
                 flush'd
                 with
                 those
                 hopes
                 ,
                 may
                 more
                 vigorously
                 perform
                 their
                 Duty
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 there
                 any
                 Merchandise
                 cheaper
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 bought
                 with
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 Reward
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 certain
                 Men
                 do
                 more
                 out
                 of
                 hopes
                 than
                 for
                 Rewards
                 already
                 receiv'd
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 appears
                 how
                 prejudicial
                 is
                 Succession
                 in
                 Publick
                 Offices
                 and
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 which
                 Tiberius
                 consider'd
                 when
                 he
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Proposal
                 of
                 Gallus
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Candidates
                 should
                 be
                 nam'd
                 every
                 five
                 Years
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 succeed
                 in
                 the
                 Lieutenancies
                 of
                 Legions
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Praetorship
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 others
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 hopes
                 ,
                 would
                 flag
                 in
                 their
                 Duty
                 and
                 Service
                 8
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 Tiberius
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 respect
                 the
                 publick
                 Detriment
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 hereby
                 lose
                 the
                 Prerogative
                 of
                 distributing
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 consisted
                 9
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 by
                 a
                 plausible
                 Oration
                 he
                 retain'd
                 his
                 Authority
                 10
                 .
                 Court
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 uncertain
                 of
                 the
                 continuance
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 ,
                 
                 ●●rely
                 remedy
                 this
                 inconvenience
                 of
                 future
                 Succession
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 adjust
                 their
                 own
                 Actions
                 ,
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 free
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 importunity
                 of
                 Petitioners
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Prince
                 being
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 his
                 State
                 ,
                 as
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   vital
                   Spirits
                   of
                   Riches
                   and
                   Rewards
                   ,
                   should
                   by
                   it
                   be
                   imparted
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   Members
                   ,
                   even
                   the
                   re●●otest
                   Parts
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   cannot
                   injoy
                   his
                   Presence
                   ,
                   should
                   nevertheless
                   participate
                   of
                   his
                   Favours
                   .
                
                 Princes
                 are
                 seldom
                 mov'd
                 by
                 this
                 consideration
                 .
                 They
                 usually
                 Reward
                 those
                 only
                 who
                 are
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 overcome
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 importunity
                 of
                 Petitions
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 flattery
                 of
                 their
                 Courtiers
                 ,
                 or
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Resolution
                 to
                 refuse
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 as
                 Rivers
                 only
                 refresh
                 the
                 Grounds
                 through
                 which
                 they
                 run
                 ;
                 so
                 they
                 gratify
                 and
                 reward
                 those
                 only
                 who
                 are
                 near
                 them
                 ,
                 unmindful
                 of
                 the
                 Pains
                 and
                 Perils
                 their
                 Foreign
                 Ministers
                 undergo
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 do
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 themselves
                 cannot
                 .
                 All
                 Favours
                 are
                 shared
                 among
                 Courtiers
                 and
                 Parasites
                 ;
                 those
                 Services
                 are
                 most
                 valued
                 ,
                 which
                 smell
                 of
                 Civet
                 and
                 Pulville
                 ,
                 not
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 smear'd
                 with
                 Blood
                 and
                 Dust
                 ;
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 seen
                 ,
                 not
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 heard
                 of
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ;
                 as
                 well
                 because
                 flattery
                 sooner
                 strikes
                 the
                 Eyes
                 than
                 Ears
                 ,
                 as
                 because
                 the
                 Mind
                 is
                 tickled
                 with
                 the
                 vain
                 Glory
                 of
                 present
                 Submissions
                 and
                 Acknowledgements
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Reasons
                 CourtServices
                 are
                 sooner
                 rewarded
                 than
                 Desert
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 before
                 Zeal
                 ,
                 and
                 Complaisance
                 before
                 Fatigue
                 and
                 Toil.
                 A
                 Splendor
                 which
                 pays
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 does
                 Absent
                 Services
                 may
                 perhaps
                 be
                 commended
                 ,
                 not
                 rewarded
                 .
                 He
                 will
                 be
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 fed
                 with
                 vain
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Promises
                 ,
                 but
                 will
                 at
                 last
                 die
                 starv'd
                 with
                 Despair
                 .
                 The
                 Remedy
                 is
                 coming
                 sometimes
                 to
                 Court
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 Letters
                 or
                 Memorials
                 are
                 so
                 perswasive
                 as
                 Presence
                 .
                 The
                 Buckets
                 of
                 Pretention
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 fill'd
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 are
                 dipp'd
                 into
                 the
                 Court-waters
                 .
                 The
                 Presence
                 of
                 Princes
                 is
                 as
                 fertile
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 All
                 things
                 flourish
                 when
                 that
                 shines
                 ,
                 but
                 fade
                 and
                 wither
                 in
                 its
                 absence
                 .
                 To
                 him
                 who
                 stands
                 under
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Fruit
                 drops
                 into
                 his
                 hand
                 .
                 Whence
                 all
                 covet
                 to
                 live
                 at
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 decline
                 Foreign
                 Employments
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 most
                 need
                 of
                 Ministers
                 .
                 This
                 would
                 be
                 remedied
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Bait
                 of
                 Rewards
                 was
                 thrown
                 farther
                 off
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 bestow'd
                 where
                 deserv'd
                 ,
                 not
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 begg'd
                 ;
                 without
                 need
                 of
                 Petitions
                 or
                 Importunities
                 .
                 King
                 Theodorick
                 comforted
                 the
                 absent
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 That
                 from
                 his
                 Court
                 he
                 observ'd
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 discern'd
                 their
                 Merits
                 11
                 .
                 Pliny
                 said
                 of
                 Trajan
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 easier
                 for
                 his
                 Eyes
                 to
                 forget
                 the
                 Persons
                 of
                 the
                 absent
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 his
                 Mind
                 not
                 to
                 remember
                 his
                 Love
                 towards
                 them
                 12
                 .
                 Yet
                 this
                 advice
                 for
                 absent
                 Ministers
                 to
                 repair
                 sometimes
                 to
                 Court
                 ,
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 effected
                 ,
                 by
                 desiring
                 to
                 be
                 dismist
                 from
                 their
                 Offices
                 ,
                 but
                 still
                 retaining
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 giving
                 several
                 Reasons
                 to
                 get
                 leave
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 sometimes
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 so
                 they
                 may
                 obtain
                 what
                 they
                 desire
                 ,
                 still
                 retaining
                 that
                 which
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 quit
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 confer'd
                 upon
                 another
                 .
                 Many
                 either
                 dissatisfied
                 with
                 their
                 present
                 Station
                 ,
                 or
                 Ambitious
                 of
                 greater
                 ,
                 resign
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 repent
                 ,
                 finding
                 their
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectations
                 frustrated
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 looks
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Slighting
                 and
                 Contempt
                 of
                 his
                 Favour
                 .
                 Let
                 no
                 man
                 presume
                 so
                 much
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Person
                 and
                 Parts
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 think
                 the
                 Prince
                 can't
                 Live
                 without
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 Princes
                 never
                 want
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 once
                 Slighted
                 ,
                 they
                 often
                 forget
                 their
                 Chiefest
                 .
                 This
                 I
                 speak
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 canvass
                 for
                 publick
                 Employs
                 ,
                 not
                 those
                 who
                 knowing
                 the
                 Vanity
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 choose
                 to
                 live
                 Solitarily
                 and
                 Retir'd
                 .
                 Only
                 let
                 them
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 great
                 Souls
                 form●d
                 for
                 Business
                 ,
                 don't
                 always
                 find
                 in
                 retirement
                 that
                 Ease
                 and
                 Tranqu●lity
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 propose
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 once
                 ingag'd
                 therein
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 change
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 they
                 live
                 and
                 die
                 miserable
                 .
              
               
               
                 Modesty
                 in
                 receiving
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Gratuities
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 use
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 prudent
                 Carriage
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 make
                 them
                 appear
                 Obligations
                 to
                 farther
                 Services
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 drain
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 obliges
                 him
                 yet
                 more
                 :
                 As
                 God
                 ,
                 when
                 Solomon
                 ask'd
                 for
                 nothing
                 but
                 an
                 understanding
                 Heart
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 gave
                 him
                 that
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 Riches
                 and
                 Glory
                 13
                 .
                 They
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 demanded
                 as
                 a
                 Debt
                 ,
                 for
                 Virtue
                 is
                 to
                 it self
                 a
                 fair
                 and
                 large
                 Reward
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 some
                 acknowledgement
                 be
                 due
                 ,
                 yet
                 does
                 it
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Favour
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 had
                 rather
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 receiv'd
                 as
                 their
                 Bounty
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 just
                 Debt
                 to
                 desert
                 .
                 Whence
                 Princes
                 are
                 more
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 Reward
                 liberally
                 small
                 Services
                 ,
                 but
                 great
                 ones
                 more
                 sparingly
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 think
                 they
                 shall
                 receive
                 more
                 acknowledgments
                 from
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Whence
                 he
                 who
                 has
                 receiv'd
                 many
                 favours
                 ,
                 may
                 expect
                 to
                 receive
                 more
                 ,
                 for
                 Bounty
                 once
                 bestow'd
                 causes
                 farther
                 Benefits
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 Prince
                 had
                 rather
                 another
                 should
                 acknowledge
                 himself
                 his
                 Debtor
                 ,
                 than
                 he
                 his
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 being
                 the
                 more
                 honourable
                 .
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Eleventh
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 used
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   had
                   more
                   regard
                   for
                   one
                   ,
                   who
                   for
                   small
                   Services
                   had
                   been
                   well
                   rewarded
                   ,
                   than
                   for
                   others
                   who
                   for
                   great
                   Services
                   had
                   receiv'd
                   but
                   small
                   Reward
                   .
                
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Theodorick
                 owning
                 this
                 failure
                 ,
                 confess'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   't
                   was
                   from
                   Ambition
                   that
                   Rewards
                   sprouted
                   out
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   care
                   of
                   him
                   who
                   planted
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   it
                   provoked
                   him
                   to
                   give
                   more
                   to
                   those
                   whom
                   he
                   had
                   once
                   began
                   to
                   favour
                
                 14
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 visible
                 in
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 towards
                 whom
                 Princes
                 Favour
                 and
                 Liberality
                 seem
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Obstinacy
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXIV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THough
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 before
                 )
                 Justice
                 arm'd
                 with
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 and
                 Punishments
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Pillars
                 which
                 support
                 the
                 Structure
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 ye●
                 will
                 these
                 Pillars
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 unless
                 founded
                 upon
                 the
                 Basis
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Bond
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Jurisdiction
                 of
                 Justice
                 comprehends
                 only
                 external
                 Acts
                 ,
                 legitimately
                 approv'd
                 of
                 ;
                 but
                 don●t
                 extend
                 to
                 priva●e
                 and
                 internal
                 ones
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 Authority
                 only
                 over
                 t●e
                 Body
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 Mind
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 Wickedne●●
                 would
                 little
                 heed
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 could
                 privately
                 commit
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 Adulteries
                 ,
                 and
                 Rapine
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 make
                 a
                 jest
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 were
                 there
                 not
                 another
                 invi●sib●e
                 one
                 ,
                 menacing
                 within
                 .
                 So
                 necessary
                 is
                 this
                 〈◊〉
                 in
                 a
                 Government
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Atheistical
                 Persons
                 estee●
                 Religion
                 but
                 a
                 meer
                 Politick
                 Invention
                 ;
                 who
                 without
                 
                 ●t
                 would
                 be
                 content
                 with
                 his
                 Poverty
                 and
                 present
                 Condition
                 ?
                 What
                 Trust
                 in
                 Bonds
                 and
                 Covenants
                 ?
                 What
                 Integrity
                 in
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 Goods
                 ?
                 What
                 Fide●ity
                 in
                 Offices
                 and
                 Employments
                 ?
                 What
                 Security
                 of
                 Life
                 ?
                 Few
                 would
                 be
                 entic'd
                 by
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 could
                 obtain
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 by
                 private
                 Injustice
                 ;
                 few
                 would
                 be
                 charm'd
                 with
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 if
                 through
                 hopes
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 lasting
                 Garland
                 than
                 one
                 of
                 Palm
                 ,
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 confine
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 strict
                 Rules
                 of
                 Continency
                 .
                 Vices
                 would
                 soon
                 confound
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 principal
                 end
                 of
                 Happiness
                 ,
                 which
                 consists
                 in
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 Foundation
                 and
                 Bulwark
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 which
                 sustains
                 and
                 defends
                 the
                 Civil
                 Power
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 People
                 did
                 not
                 think
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 another
                 Supream
                 Tribunal
                 to
                 Judge
                 the
                 Thoughts
                 and
                 Imaginations
                 ,
                 whose
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 will
                 be
                 Eternal
                 .
                 The
                 hope
                 and
                 fear
                 of
                 this
                 being
                 born
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 barbarous
                 and
                 impious
                 Sinners
                 ,
                 do
                 regulate
                 and
                 compose
                 their
                 Actions
                 .
                 Caligula
                 scoff'd
                 at
                 ,
                 and
                 ridiculed
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 Thundered
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 own
                 a
                 Supream
                 Hand
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 Power
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 .
                 This
                 Hand
                 all
                 acknowledge
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Heart
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 touch'd
                 with
                 that
                 Divine
                 Magnet
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 Mariners
                 Needle
                 from
                 a
                 certain
                 natural
                 Sympathy
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 perpetual
                 Motion
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 stops
                 a●
                 the
                 Light
                 of
                 that
                 fix'd
                 North
                 Star
                 ,
                 about
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 Coelestial
                 Orbs
                 are
                 turned
                 ,
                 so
                 we
                 can't
                 live
                 quietly
                 till
                 we
                 acknowledge
                 and
                 adore
                 that
                 increated
                 North
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 is
                 true
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 whence
                 proceeds
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 Who
                 ought
                 to
                 observe
                 this
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 Pilot
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 upon
                 whose
                 care
                 it
                 depends
                 to
                 bring
                 the
                 S●ip
                 safe
                 into
                 Port
                 ?
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 enough
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 seem
                 to
                 look
                 at
                 that
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 keeps
                 his
                 Eyes
                 upon
                 other
                 dark
                 and
                 obscure
                 ones
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 he
                 would
                 lose
                 his
                 Course
                 ,
                 and
                 run
                 the
                 Vessel
                 upon
                 Sands
                 and
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 make
                 a
                 Wreck
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 will
                 be
                 divided
                 in
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 into
                 Factions
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 arise
                 Plots
                 and
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 them
                 
                 changes
                 in
                 States
                 and
                 Empires
                 *
                 .
                 More
                 Princes
                 are
                 ruined
                 by
                 Dissention
                 in
                 Religion
                 than
                 by
                 Arms.
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 the
                 Sixth
                 Council
                 of
                 Toledo
                 prudently
                 enacted
                 †
                 ,
                 That
                 no
                 Prince
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 before
                 he
                 had
                 first
                 taken
                 an
                 Oath
                 not
                 to
                 tolerate
                 any
                 one
                 in
                 his
                 Realm
                 who
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 Christian.
                 Spain
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 at
                 quiet
                 till
                 〈◊〉
                 rejected
                 the
                 Errors
                 of
                 Arius
                 ,
                 and
                 wholly
                 embrac'd
                 the
                 Catholick
                 Religion
                 ,
                 since
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 have
                 liv'd
                 so
                 happily
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 King
                 Weterick
                 afterwards
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 introduce
                 that
                 Sect
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 kill●d
                 in
                 his
                 very
                 Palace
                 ;
                 but
                 notwithstanding
                 many
                 like
                 Examples
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 who
                 dare
                 impiously
                 teach
                 Princes
                 to
                 dissemble
                 and
                 counterfeit
                 Religion
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 dissembles
                 it
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 believe
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 this
                 Dissimulation
                 be
                 a
                 politick
                 Artifice
                 to
                 unite
                 Peoples
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 true
                 Religion
                 would
                 better
                 do
                 it
                 than
                 false
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 is
                 fading
                 ,
                 that
                 Eternal
                 .
                 Many
                 Empires
                 founded
                 upon
                 false
                 Religions
                 ,
                 proceeding
                 from
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 God
                 has
                 preserv'd
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 rewarding
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 their
                 Morality
                 ,
                 and
                 blind
                 Worship
                 ,
                 and
                 barbarous
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 fought
                 him
                 ;
                 not
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 acceptable
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 religious
                 Simplicity
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 sometimes
                 offer'd
                 .
                 But
                 has
                 never
                 preserved
                 those
                 Empires
                 ,
                 which
                 counterfeited
                 Religion
                 more
                 through
                 Malice
                 and
                 Artifice
                 than
                 Ignorance
                 .
                 St.
                 Isidore
                 ,
                 at
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 foretold
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 stray'd
                 from
                 the
                 True
                 Religion
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 subdu'd
                 by
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 persisted
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 their
                 Grandeur
                 should
                 be
                 rais'd
                 above
                 all
                 Nations
                 .
                 Which
                 was
                 verified
                 by
                 the
                 Yoak
                 of
                 the
                 Africans
                 ,
                 which
                 began
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 that
                 Witiza
                 deny'd
                 Obedience
                 to
                 the
                 Pope
                 ,
                 after
                 which
                 liberty
                 of
                 Worship
                 ,
                 and
                 licenciousness
                 of
                 Vice
                 disturbed
                 the
                 Publick
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 ruined
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 which
                 brought
                 heavy
                 Misfortunes
                 upon
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 upon
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 till
                 being
                 subdu'd
                 and
                 chastis'd
                 ,
                 Spain
                 acknowledg'd
                 
                 its
                 Errors
                 ,
                 and
                 again
                 found
                 Heaven
                 propitious
                 in
                 that
                 little
                 handful
                 of
                 Christians
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 Pelagius
                 retir'd
                 into
                 a
                 Cave
                 in
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Ausena
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Cav●longa
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Arrows
                 and
                 Stones
                 of
                 the
                 Moors
                 were
                 miraculou●ly
                 retorted
                 upon
                 themselves
                 †
                 .
                 From
                 that
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 began
                 to
                 revive
                 ,
                 and
                 rose
                 (
                 though
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 )
                 to
                 that
                 greatness
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 at
                 present
                 enjoys
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 its
                 constancy
                 in
                 the
                 Catholick
                 Religion
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 then
                 ,
                 Religion
                 is
                 the
                 Soul
                 of
                 Governments
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 use
                 all
                 possible
                 care
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 ;
                 The
                 first
                 Spirit
                 which
                 
                   Romulus
                   ,
                   Numa
                   ,
                   Lycurgus
                   ,
                   Solon
                   ,
                   Plato
                   ,
                
                 and
                 other
                 Founders
                 ,
                 infus'd
                 into
                 them
                 ,
                 was
                 Religion
                 1
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 unites
                 Mens
                 minds
                 more
                 than
                 necessity
                 .
                 The
                 Emperors
                 ,
                 Tiberius
                 and
                 Adrian
                 prohibited
                 all
                 Foreign
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 wholly
                 intent
                 upon
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 :
                 As
                 also
                 Theodosius
                 and
                 Constantine
                 ,
                 who
                 established
                 Laws
                 and
                 Punishments
                 against
                 those
                 who
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Catholick
                 Faith.
                 Their
                 Majesties
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 and
                 Isabella
                 ,
                 never
                 tolerated
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Religion
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 commendable
                 was
                 the
                 Constancy
                 of
                 King
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Successors
                 ,
                 who
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 induc'd
                 to
                 compose
                 the
                 Seditions
                 of
                 the
                 Netherlands
                 by
                 Toleration
                 of
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Conscience
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 might
                 thereby
                 have
                 retain●d
                 those
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 sav'd
                 those
                 Immense
                 Treasures
                 which
                 were
                 expended
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 They
                 preferr'd
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 God
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Ease
                 and
                 Tranquility
                 ;
                 imitating
                 
                   Flavius
                   Jovianus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 proclaim'd
                 Emperor
                 by
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 excus'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   was
                   a
                   Christian
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   't
                   was
                   not
                   fit
                   he
                   should
                   Command
                   them
                   who
                   were
                   not
                   so
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   not
                   Consent
                   till
                   all
                   the
                   Soldiers
                   had
                   promis'd
                   to
                   turn
                   Christians
                   .
                
                 Though
                 he
                 might
                 inherit
                 this
                 pious
                 Constancy
                 from
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Eighth
                 Council
                 of
                 
                 Toledo
                 mentions
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 of
                 King
                 Recefuinthus
                 2
                 ,
                 Of
                 which
                 Piety
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness's
                 Father
                 ,
                 Philip
                 the
                 Fourth
                 of
                 glorious
                 Memory
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 signal
                 Example
                 to
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 whose
                 Reign
                 it
                 being
                 argu'd
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 Truce
                 should
                 be
                 continued
                 with
                 the
                 Dutch
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Counsellors
                 urging
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 Policy
                 to
                 begin
                 War
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 change
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 a
                 Reign
                 ;
                 he
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   would
                   not
                   have
                   his
                   Name
                   branded
                   with
                   the
                   Infamy
                   of
                   having
                   maintain'd
                   one
                   hours
                   Peace
                   with
                   the
                   Enemies
                   of
                   God
                   and
                   his
                   Crown
                
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 immediately
                 broke
                 the
                 Truce
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 ardent
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Constancy
                 in
                 the
                 Catholick
                 Religion
                 ,
                 King
                 Recaredus
                 merited
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 long
                 before
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 that
                 of
                 most
                 Christian
                 )
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Third
                 Council
                 of
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 Barcelona
                 ,
                 which
                 Title
                 the
                 Kings
                 Sisebutus
                 and
                 Ervigius
                 kept
                 ,
                 which
                 their
                 Successors
                 afterwards
                 lost
                 ,
                 till
                 re-assum'd
                 by
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 to
                 distinguish
                 him
                 from
                 Hereticks
                 and
                 Schismaticks
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 King's
                 Duty
                 to
                 maintain
                 Religion
                 in
                 his
                 Realms
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 promote
                 the
                 Worship
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 Vicars
                 in
                 Temporal
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 Govern
                 to
                 his
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Subjects
                 Safety
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 know
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 in
                 them
                 to
                 decide
                 Controversies
                 in
                 Religion
                 and
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 this
                 belongs
                 directly
                 to
                 the
                 Spiritual
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 alone
                 Christ
                 has
                 given
                 this
                 Authority
                 ,
                 the
                 Execution
                 ,
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 and
                 Defence
                 thereof
                 only
                 is
                 committed
                 to
                 Kings
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 Head
                 shall
                 order
                 and
                 direct
                 .
                 The
                 Priests
                 sharply
                 check'd
                 King
                 Uzziah
                 ,
                 and
                 God
                 severely
                 punish'd
                 him
                 because
                 he
                 offer'd
                 Incense
                 3
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Purity
                 of
                 
                 Religion
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Christian
                 World.
                 True
                 Worship
                 would
                 soon
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 if
                 each
                 Prince
                 might
                 accommodate
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Ends
                 and
                 Designs
                 .
                 In
                 those
                 Provinces
                 and
                 Kingdoms
                 where
                 this
                 has
                 been
                 attempted
                 ,
                 there
                 searce
                 remain
                 any
                 Tracts
                 thereof
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 poor
                 distracted
                 People
                 are
                 wholly
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 True
                 Religion
                 .
                 The
                 Spiritualty
                 and
                 Temporalty
                 are
                 two
                 distinct
                 Jurisdictions
                 ;
                 this
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 by
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 the
                 others
                 Power
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 an
                 Heroick
                 Obedience
                 which
                 submits
                 to
                 the
                 Vicar
                 of
                 him
                 who
                 disposes
                 of
                 Crowns
                 and
                 Scepters
                 .
                 As
                 arbitrary
                 and
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Laws
                 as
                 Princes
                 pretend
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 still
                 pay
                 Obedience
                 to
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 Decrees
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 give
                 force
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 see
                 them
                 strictly
                 observ'd
                 in
                 their
                 Dominions
                 ;
                 especially
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 expedient
                 for
                 the
                 Spiritual
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 the
                 Temporal
                 Good
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Holy
                 Decrees
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 Execution
                 ,
                 nor
                 should
                 they
                 suffer
                 any
                 one
                 to
                 violate
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 dammage
                 and
                 prejudice
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Religion
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Stork
                 builds
                 its
                 Nest
                 upon
                 the
                 Church
                 Steeple
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Sanctity
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 makes
                 its
                 Succession
                 secure
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 who
                 founds
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 upon
                 the
                 Triangular
                 stone
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 renders
                 it
                 strong
                 and
                 lasting
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 once
                 consulting
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Delphi
                 ,
                 how
                 they
                 might
                 defend
                 themselves
                 against
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 a
                 vast
                 Fleet
                 of
                 twelve
                 Hund●ed
                 Sail
                 ,
                 was
                 coming
                 to
                 fall
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 they
                 could
                 fence
                 their
                 City
                 with
                 a
                 wooden
                 Wall
                 they
                 should
                 get
                 the
                 better
                 ;
                 Themistocles
                 interpreted
                 
                 Apollo's
                 meaning
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 should
                 go
                 on
                 Ship
                 board
                 ;
                 which
                 done
                 they
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 Victory
                 over
                 that
                 prodigious
                 Fleet.
                 The
                 same
                 Success
                 will
                 attend
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 shall
                 embark
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 in
                 the
                 Ship
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 this
                 by
                 the
                 Testimony
                 
                 of
                 another
                 Oracle
                 not
                 fabulous
                 and
                 uncertain
                 ,
                 but
                 infallible
                 and
                 divine
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 sunk
                 ,
                 neither
                 can
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 embark'd
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 your
                 Highness's
                 glorious
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 consecrate
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 they
                 took
                 in
                 War
                 from
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Lord
                 of
                 Victories
                 who
                 fought
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 offering
                 for
                 his
                 Worship
                 very
                 considerable
                 Revenues
                 and
                 Possessions
                 ,
                 whence
                 innumerable
                 Foundations
                 and
                 Endowments
                 of
                 Churches
                 ,
                 Cathedrals
                 ,
                 and
                 Convents
                 ,
                 took
                 their
                 rise
                 ;
                 having
                 built
                 in
                 Spain
                 above
                 Seventy
                 thousand
                 Churches
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 Samy
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 alone
                 ,
                 built
                 a
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 Blessed
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 which
                 his
                 Munificence
                 was
                 amply
                 rewarded
                 by
                 the
                 many
                 Conquests
                 he
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 Victories
                 he
                 won
                 ,
                 having
                 fought
                 Thirty
                 three
                 Battels
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 which
                 he
                 came
                 off
                 victorious
                 .
                 These
                 pious
                 Works
                 were
                 like
                 Religious
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 render'd
                 by
                 their
                 Spiritual
                 Arms
                 not
                 less
                 powerful
                 than
                 Military
                 ones
                 ;
                 for
                 Artillery
                 make
                 not
                 so
                 great
                 Breaches
                 as
                 Prayer
                 .
                 The
                 Prayers
                 of
                 the
                 Israelites
                 for
                 seven
                 Days
                 beat
                 down
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Iericho
                 1
                 .
                 Riches
                 are
                 therefore
                 better
                 reposited
                 in
                 Temples
                 than
                 Treasuries
                 ;
                 not
                 only
                 against
                 extream
                 necessity
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 as
                 by
                 them
                 Religion
                 flourishes
                 ,
                 the
                 State
                 may
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 kept
                 theirs
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 Delphi
                 ,
                 as
                 did
                 many
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
                 What
                 better
                 Guardian
                 than
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Arbitrator
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 ?
                 Our
                 Hearts
                 at
                 least
                 will
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Churches
                 ,
                 if
                 our
                 Treasures
                 are
                 there
                 2
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 their
                 Council
                 〈◊〉
                 no
                 less
                 impious
                 than
                 imprudent
                 ,
                 who
                 under
                 the
                 ●lightest
                 pretence
                 of
                 publick
                 Necessity
                 are
                 for
                 pillaging
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 not
                 worthy
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 ,
                 who
                 diffident
                 of
                 God's
                 Power
                 ,
                 upon
                 every
                 accident
                 has
                 his
                 Eye
                 upon
                 the
                 Furniture
                 of
                 his
                 House
                 .
                 When
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Holy
                 ,
                 wanted
                 Money
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Sevil
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 
                 supply
                 the
                 Deficiency
                 of
                 his
                 Exchequer
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Church-Treasures
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 I
                 promise
                 my self
                 more
                 from
                 the
                 Prayers
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 of
                 the
                 Priests
                 ,
                 than
                 from
                 their
                 Riches
                 ;
                 which
                 Piety
                 and
                 Confidence
                 ,
                 God
                 abundantly
                 recompenc'd
                 the
                 very
                 next
                 day
                 by
                 the
                 Surrender
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Those
                 Kings
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 done
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 have
                 left
                 severe
                 Examples
                 of
                 their
                 Sacrilegious
                 Presumption
                 .
                 Gunderick
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Vandals
                 ,
                 going
                 to
                 Plunder
                 St.
                 
                 Vincent's
                 ,
                 fell
                 down
                 dead
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 entring
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 great
                 Misfortunes
                 of
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 were
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 God's
                 Judgment●
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 robb●d
                 his
                 Sacred
                 Houses
                 .
                 Queen
                 Uraca
                 died
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 Door
                 of
                 St.
                 
                 Isidore's
                 at
                 Leo●
                 ,
                 the
                 Treasures
                 of
                 which
                 she
                 had
                 embeziled
                 .
                 Sane●●
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 was
                 shot
                 through
                 the
                 Arm
                 with
                 〈◊〉
                 Arrow
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 defil●d
                 his
                 Hands
                 with
                 th●
                 Plunder
                 of
                 Churches
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 ,
                 in
                 St.
                 
                 Victorio's
                 a●
                 Rota
                 ,
                 he
                 publickly
                 confess'd
                 his
                 Crime
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Tears
                 and
                 all
                 imaginable
                 Signs
                 of
                 Contrition
                 ,
                 offering
                 R●stitution
                 and
                 Amendment
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 pleas'd
                 God
                 to
                 publish
                 his
                 Offence
                 in
                 his
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 war●ing
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 King
                 Iohn
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 was
                 routed
                 and
                 kill'd
                 a●
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Aliubanota
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Treasures
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 Guadaloup●
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 Surrender
                 of
                 Cajeta
                 to
                 Frederick
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 the
                 Fren●h
                 loaded
                 two
                 Ships
                 with
                 the
                 Plunder
                 of
                 the
                 Churches
                 ,
                 both
                 which
                 were
                 lost
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 all
                 these
                 Cases
                 ,
                 extream
                 necessity
                 had
                 not
                 place
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 right
                 .
                 Reason
                 allows
                 Princes
                 for
                 their
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 such
                 Riches
                 ,
                 as
                 out
                 of
                 ●
                 pious
                 Liberality
                 themselves
                 have
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 these
                 Holy
                 Places
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 be
                 with
                 a
                 Resolution
                 to
                 restore
                 them
                 when
                 the
                 Prosperity
                 of
                 their
                 Affairs
                 shall
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Capacity
                 .
                 As
                 their
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 and
                 Isabella
                 did
                 ,
                 having
                 obtain●d
                 a
                 Grant
                 from
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 
                   Medina
                   del
                   Campo
                
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Church-Plate
                 to
                 defray
                 Expences
                 of
                 War.
                 And
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Canons
                 and
                 Councils
                 have
                 prescrib'd
                 certain
                 Cases
                 and
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 Necessity
                 or
                 Danger
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Ecclesiasticks
                 
                 are
                 bound
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Publick
                 with
                 their
                 Contribut●ons
                 ;
                 and
                 certainly
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 inexc●●able
                 Ava●●c●
                 in
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 regard
                 Common
                 Necessities
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 noble
                 and
                 principal
                 Part
                 of
                 a
                 State
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 Religion
                 ,
                 others
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 expose
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 why
                 not
                 they
                 their
                 Riches
                 ?
                 If
                 the
                 State
                 maintains
                 and
                 keeps
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 very
                 justly
                 expect
                 a
                 reciprocal
                 Relief
                 from
                 them
                 for
                 its
                 Conservation
                 and
                 Defence
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 would
                 be
                 di●courag'd
                 from
                 paying
                 Tyths
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Church
                 Duties
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 Common
                 Calamities
                 there
                 were
                 none
                 to
                 ease
                 them
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Burthens
                 ;
                 they
                 will
                 blame
                 their
                 own
                 Piety
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 for
                 any
                 new
                 Offerings
                 ,
                 Donatives
                 ,
                 and
                 Legacies
                 to
                 the
                 Chu●ch
                 will
                 slacken
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 therefore
                 highly
                 reasonable
                 that
                 the
                 Clergy
                 in
                 Cases
                 of
                 this
                 Nature
                 ,
                 aid
                 the
                 Publick
                 with
                 their
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 danger
                 or
                 benefit
                 equally
                 respects
                 all
                 ;
                 but
                 withal
                 ,
                 least
                 the
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 of
                 the
                 Laity
                 be
                 so
                 oppress'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Tillage
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 it
                 Tythes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 pious
                 Works
                 must
                 fail
                 .
                 In
                 such
                 cases
                 ,
                 Church-Plate
                 shews
                 better
                 in
                 Bars
                 in
                 the
                 Mint
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 Chalices
                 and
                 Cups
                 in
                 the
                 Vestry
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Obligation
                 upon
                 the
                 State
                 Ecclesiastical
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 strict
                 in
                 the
                 more
                 urgent
                 necessities
                 of
                 the
                 S●●nish
                 Kings
                 ;
                 for
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Foundations
                 and
                 Endowments
                 of
                 Churches
                 being
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 their
                 pious
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 ●hey
                 are
                 in
                 Justice
                 bound
                 mutually
                 to
                 relieve
                 their
                 Patrons
                 in
                 necessity
                 ,
                 and
                 oblige
                 them
                 to
                 continue
                 their
                 Munificence
                 in
                 better
                 times
                 .
                 These
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 have
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 See
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 liberal
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 in
                 granting
                 them
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 goods
                 ,
                 to
                 maintain
                 their
                 Wars
                 against
                 the
                 Infidels
                 .
                 Gregory
                 the
                 Seventh
                 granted
                 
                   Sancho
                   Rami●ez
                
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 the
                 Tythes
                 and
                 Revenues
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Churches
                 ,
                 either
                 newly
                 built
                 or
                 gain'd
                 from
                 the
                 Moors
                 ,
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 as
                 he
                 pleas●d
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Grant
                 also
                 Pope
                 Urban
                 made
                 to
                 Peter
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 his
                 Successors
                 and
                 Grandees
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 excepting
                 the
                 Churches
                 of
                 Residence
                 .
                 Innocent
                 the
                 Third
                 granted
                 
                 the
                 Bull
                 of
                 the
                 Croisade
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Holy
                 War
                 ;
                 which
                 favour
                 ,
                 Pope
                 Calixt●s
                 afterwards
                 in
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth's
                 time
                 extended
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 living
                 and
                 the
                 dead
                 .
                 Gregory
                 the
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 gave
                 King
                 Alphonsus
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 the
                 third
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Tythes
                 which
                 were
                 design'd
                 for
                 Building
                 :
                 This
                 began
                 afterwards
                 to
                 be
                 perpetuated
                 in
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second's
                 Reign
                 ;
                 and
                 Alex●nder
                 the
                 Sixth
                 extended
                 it
                 also
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 
                   Granada
                   .
                   John
                
                 the
                 Twenty
                 Second
                 ,
                 granted
                 the
                 Tythes
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Croisade
                 to
                 King
                 Alphonsus
                 the
                 Eleventh
                 .
                 Urban
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 a
                 third
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Benefices
                 of
                 Castile
                 to
                 Peter
                 the
                 Cruel
                 .
                 Sixtus
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 consented
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Clergy
                 contribute
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 an
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Ducates
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 Granada
                 ;
                 which
                 favour
                 several
                 other
                 Popes
                 continued
                 .
                 Iulius
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 granted
                 Emanuel
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 the
                 third
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Revenue
                 which
                 belong'd
                 to
                 the
                 Church-Building
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tythes
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Ecc●esiastical
                 Incomes
                 .
                 These
                 Subsidies
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 spent
                 but
                 in
                 Necessities
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Uses
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 design'd
                 .
                 This
                 Queen
                 Isabella
                 so
                 religiously
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 That
                 seeing
                 Ninety
                 Millions
                 rais'd
                 by
                 the
                 Croisade
                 ,
                 she
                 immediately
                 commanded
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 employ'd
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Uses
                 prescribed
                 by
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 Bulls
                 .
                 Those
                 Favours
                 will
                 shine
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 produce
                 better
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 when
                 so
                 expended
                 .
                 But
                 Necessities
                 and
                 Danger
                 usually
                 confound
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 wrest
                 the
                 Popes
                 meaning
                 to
                 what
                 was
                 not
                 intended
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXVI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 IT
                 was
                 an
                 impious
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 impudently
                 asserted
                 the
                 Heathens
                 to
                 have
                 had
                 more
                 Courage
                 than
                 the
                 Christians
                 ;
                 upon
                 this
                 ground
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Superstition
                 strengthned
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 render'd
                 them
                 more
                 fierce
                 and
                 manly
                 by
                 the
                 dismal
                 sight
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 bloody
                 Victims
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 offer'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 in
                 their
                 Sacrifices
                 ;
                 and
                 held
                 them
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 Men
                 of
                 Courage
                 and
                 Magnanimity
                 ,
                 who
                 got
                 the
                 better
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 rather
                 by
                 force
                 than
                 reason
                 :
                 Accusing
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 the
                 Institution
                 of
                 our
                 Religion
                 for
                 recommending
                 Humility
                 and
                 Meekness
                 ;
                 Virtue
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 but
                 to
                 make
                 Men
                 mean
                 spirited
                 .
                 What
                 an
                 impious
                 and
                 unreasonable
                 Opinion
                 this
                 !
                 The
                 spilling
                 of
                 Blood
                 may
                 indeed
                 make
                 the
                 Mind
                 more
                 barbarous
                 and
                 cruel
                 ,
                 more
                 valiant
                 it
                 never
                 can
                 .
                 Fortitude
                 and
                 Magnanimity
                 enter
                 
                 not
                 at
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 born
                 within
                 the
                 Breast
                 ;
                 nor
                 are
                 those
                 the
                 most
                 generous
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 most
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 the
                 Blood
                 and
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 or
                 who
                 live
                 on
                 Man's
                 Flesh.
                 Our
                 Religion
                 does
                 not
                 contemn
                 Magnanimity
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 promotes
                 it
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 proposing
                 to
                 us
                 temporary
                 and
                 corruptible
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Pagan
                 Superstition
                 does
                 ,
                 but
                 eternal
                 ones
                 never
                 to
                 have
                 an
                 end
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 a
                 simple
                 Crown
                 of
                 Lawrel
                 ,
                 which
                 begins
                 to
                 fade
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 gathered
                 ,
                 inspired
                 so
                 much
                 Courage
                 then
                 ,
                 what
                 won't
                 now
                 that
                 everlasting
                 one
                 of
                 Stars
                 1
                 ?
                 Is
                 it
                 that
                 the
                 Heathens
                 have
                 exposed
                 themselves
                 to
                 greater
                 Dangers
                 than
                 the
                 Christians
                 ?
                 No
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 they
                 assaulted
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 or
                 forc'd
                 a
                 Camp
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 under
                 Shields
                 and
                 Targets
                 .
                 Whereas
                 now
                 Christians
                 must
                 make
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 thick
                 Showers
                 of
                 Bullets
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 of
                 Gunpowder
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 mistake
                 to
                 imagine
                 Humility
                 and
                 Valour
                 incompatible
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 rather
                 so
                 closely
                 connected
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 without
                 the
                 former
                 this
                 is
                 impracticable
                 ;
                 nor
                 can
                 true
                 Valour
                 be
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 Humility
                 ,
                 Patience
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 general
                 all
                 other
                 Virtues
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 only
                 is
                 really
                 Valiant
                 that
                 can
                 subdue
                 his
                 Passions
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 Perturbation
                 of
                 Mind
                 ;
                 a
                 Study
                 the
                 Stoicks
                 have
                 bestow'd
                 much
                 labour
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 them
                 the
                 Christians
                 with
                 greater
                 success
                 .
                 He
                 makes
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 progress
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 who
                 suffers
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 transported
                 with
                 Anger
                 and
                 Pride
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 truly
                 Heroical
                 to
                 conquer
                 ones
                 Lusts
                 and
                 Appetites
                 .
                 The
                 Mind
                 where
                 these
                 Conflicts
                 are
                 ,
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 easiest
                 Fields
                 of
                 Battel
                 ;
                 he
                 who
                 has
                 learnt
                 thus
                 much
                 Submission
                 ,
                 to
                 bend
                 the
                 Knee
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 will
                 upon
                 occasion
                 easily
                 despise
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 undaunted
                 Resolution
                 submit
                 his
                 Neck
                 to
                 the
                 Ax.
                 The
                 Heathen
                 Religion
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 has
                 produced
                 many
                 great
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 the
                 
                   Caesars
                   ,
                   Scipios
                
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 certainly
                 the
                 Christian
                 has
                 furni●ht
                 us
                 with
                 no
                 less
                 con●iderable
                 
                 ones
                 in
                 the
                 Persons
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Alphonso's
                 and
                 Ferdi●●●ds
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 other
                 Kings
                 of
                 
                   Arragon
                   ,
                   Navarre
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Portugal
                 .
                 What
                 Valour
                 could
                 possibly
                 equal
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ?
                 What
                 great
                 Generals
                 has
                 Antiquity
                 ever
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 not
                 been
                 equall'd
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 been
                 surpass'd
                 by
                 
                   Gonzal●z
                   F●●dinand
                
                 of
                 
                   Cordova
                   ,
                   Fernan
                   Cortez
                   ,
                   Antony
                   de
                   Lieve
                   ,
                   Ferdinand
                   d'Avalos
                   ,
                
                 Marquiss
                 of
                 
                   Pescara
                   ;
                   Alphonso
                   d'Avalos
                
                 ,
                 Marquiss
                 of
                 
                   Guast
                   ;
                   Alexander
                   Farnese
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                   P●rma
                   ;
                   Andr●w
                   d'Oria
                   ,
                   Alphonso
                   d'Alb'ouquerque
                   ,
                   Ferdi●●nd
                   Alvarez
                
                 of
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Alba
                 ;
                 the
                 Marquisses
                 of
                 
                   Sancta
                   Cruz
                
                 ;
                 the
                 Earl
                 of
                 Fuentes
                 ,
                 Marquiss
                 
                   Spinola
                   ,
                   Le●is
                   Fa●ardo
                
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 infinite
                 others
                 ;
                 as
                 well
                 Spainards
                 as
                 others
                 ,
                 never
                 sufficiently
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 by
                 Fame
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 may
                 deservedly
                 be
                 applied
                 what
                 St.
                 Paul
                 said
                 of
                 those
                 Great
                 Captains
                 ,
                 
                   Gideon
                   ,
                   Barak
                   ,
                   Sampson
                   ,
                   Ieph●●a
                   ,
                   David
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Samuel
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 Faith
                 they
                 subdued
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 waxed
                 va●iant
                 in
                 Fight
                 ,
                 ●urn'd
                 to
                 Flight
                 the
                 Armies
                 of
                 the
                 Aliens
                 2
                 If
                 we
                 will
                 compare
                 the
                 Victories
                 of
                 the
                 Heathens
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Christians
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 the
                 latter
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 much
                 the
                 greater
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Navas
                 were
                 kill'd
                 Two
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Moors
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 only
                 of
                 Twenty
                 five
                 on
                 our
                 side
                 ;
                 finding
                 the
                 Camp
                 so
                 covered
                 with
                 Spears
                 and
                 Darts
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Victors
                 ●taid
                 there
                 two
                 Days
                 ,
                 using
                 no
                 other
                 Fewel
                 but
                 the
                 Wood
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 consume
                 them
                 ,
                 even
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 endeavour●d
                 it
                 .
                 There
                 fell
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Salado
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 but
                 of
                 Twenty
                 Christians
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 that
                 Naval
                 Victory
                 ,
                 which
                 
                   Don
                   John
                
                 of
                 Austria
                 obtain'd
                 over
                 the
                 Turks
                 at
                 Lepanto
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 eighty
                 Gallies
                 sunk
                 and
                 taken
                 :
                 Which
                 Victories
                 Christians
                 attribute
                 not
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Valour
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 True
                 God
                 whom
                 they
                 adore
                 .
                 An
                 Heart
                 confiding
                 in
                 God
                 ,
                 as
                 effectually
                 stays
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Hand
                 arm'd
                 with
                 a
                 Sword
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Iudas
                   Machabaeus
                
                 
                 found
                 3
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 God
                 who
                 governs
                 the
                 Hearts
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 he
                 that
                 imparts
                 Courage
                 and
                 Strength
                 ,
                 that
                 grant●
                 or
                 denies
                 Victories
                 4
                 .
                 He
                 would
                 be
                 an
                 Impostor
                 ,
                 and
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 clear'd
                 from
                 the
                 Imputation
                 of
                 Fraud
                 ,
                 were
                 he
                 rather
                 assisting
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 adore
                 false
                 Gods
                 ,
                 whose
                 Idolatrous
                 Sacrifices
                 all
                 tend
                 to
                 procure
                 their
                 favour
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 he
                 sometimes
                 also
                 permit
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 Victorious
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 their
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 other
                 secret
                 Causes
                 of
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Thirst
                 which
                 the
                 Roman
                 Army
                 suffer'd
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Marcomanni
                 ;
                 God
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 appeas'd
                 with
                 the
                 Prayers
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 of
                 the
                 Heathen
                 Legions
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 Tenth
                 compos'd
                 of
                 Christians
                 ,
                 at
                 last
                 implor'd
                 his
                 aid
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 down
                 plentiful
                 Showers
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 obtain'd
                 an
                 easy
                 Victory
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 was
                 afterwards
                 call'd
                 the
                 Thundring
                 Legion
                 .
                 If
                 that
                 Faith
                 were
                 still
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 still
                 work
                 the
                 same
                 effects
                 ;
                 but
                 whether
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 some
                 other
                 secret
                 Ends
                 ,
                 God
                 does
                 sometimes
                 permit
                 those
                 to
                 be
                 triumph'd
                 over
                 ,
                 who
                 pay
                 him
                 true
                 Adoration
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 the
                 Victory
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 Reward
                 to
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Chastisement
                 to
                 the
                 Conquered
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 always
                 hold
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 the
                 Flag
                 of
                 the
                 Cross
                 ,
                 signified
                 by
                 that
                 Sword
                 which
                 Ieremiah
                 gave
                 to
                 
                   Iudas
                   Machabaeus
                
                 to
                 wound
                 his
                 Adversaries
                 withal
                 5
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 their
                 Arms
                 the
                 Buckler
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 continually
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 that
                 eternal
                 Fire
                 which
                 went
                 before
                 the
                 Persian
                 Monarchs
                 :
                 An
                 Emblem
                 of
                 that
                 other
                 incomprehensible
                 Fire
                 from
                 which
                 the
                 Sun
                 receives
                 its
                 Rays
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 true
                 Religion
                 which
                 the
                 
                 Soldiers
                 ador'd
                 ,
                 as
                 oft
                 as
                 they
                 prostrated
                 themselves
                 before
                 the
                 Emperour
                 
                 Constantine's
                 Banner
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 ●●ape
                 of
                 a
                 Cross
                 in
                 the
                 Heavens
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Sun
                 's
                 light
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Inscription
                 ,
                 
                   Thou
                   shalt
                   Conquer
                   under
                   this
                   Sign
                
                 *
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 promise
                 him
                 the
                 Victory
                 over
                 Maxe●ti●●
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 a
                 Standard
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Form
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Letters
                 X
                 and
                 P
                 ,
                 Cyphers
                 of
                 Christ's
                 Name
                 over
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Letters
                 Alpha
                 and
                 Omega
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 the
                 Beginning
                 and
                 End
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 This
                 Standard
                 the
                 Emperors
                 after
                 him
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 till
                 Iulian
                 the
                 Apostate's
                 time
                 †
                 ;
                 and
                 
                   Don
                   John
                
                 of
                 Austria
                 had
                 on
                 all
                 his
                 Colours
                 embroider'd
                 a
                 Cross
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Motto
                 :
                 
                   With
                   these
                   Arms
                   I
                   have
                   conquer'd
                   the
                
                 Turks
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   I
                   hope
                   to
                   overcome
                   Hereticks
                
                 *
                 :
                 King
                 Alphonsus
                 the
                 Great
                 put
                 the
                 Words
                 of
                 
                 Constantine's
                 Cross
                 on
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 Ensign
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 afterwards
                 offer'd
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 Oviedo
                 :
                 And
                 of
                 those
                 I
                 have
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 on
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 
                 Constanstine's
                 Standard
                 ,
                 to
                 form
                 this
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 imprint
                 on
                 Princes
                 Minds
                 ,
                 that
                 Faith
                 and
                 Assurance
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 erect
                 the
                 Standard
                 of
                 Religion
                 against
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Navas
                 ,
                 a
                 Person
                 made
                 way
                 three
                 times
                 through
                 the
                 thickest
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 the
                 Cross
                 of
                 Roderigo
                 ,
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 though
                 all
                 the
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 of
                 the
                 Moors
                 were
                 aim'd
                 at
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 stuck
                 in
                 the
                 Lance.
                 Angels
                 are
                 the
                 Guards
                 of
                 this
                 Banner
                 ;
                 two
                 Angels
                 upon
                 white
                 Horses
                 ,
                 were
                 seen
                 to
                 Fight
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Simaneas
                 ,
                 when
                 King
                 Ramiro
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 vanquish'd
                 the
                 Moors
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 Clavigio
                 ,
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Ramiro
                 the
                 First
                 ;
                 and
                 also
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 Merida
                 ,
                 under
                 King
                 Alphonsus
                 the
                 Ninth
                 ,
                 appear'd
                 that
                 Divine
                 Light
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 St.
                 Iago
                 ,
                 Patron
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 White
                 Steed
                 carrying
                 Colours
                 distinguish'd
                 by
                 a
                 Red
                 Cross.
                 No
                 one
                 shall
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 stand
                 before
                 you
                 ,
                 (
                 said
                 Ioshua
                 upon
                 his
                 Death-Bed
                 )
                 
                 if
                 you
                 put
                 your
                 Hope
                 and
                 Confidence
                 in
                 God
                 6
                 :
                 Your
                 Sword
                 shall
                 Conquer
                 thousands
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 will
                 fight
                 for
                 you
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Scriptures
                 are
                 full
                 of
                 Instances
                 of
                 this
                 Divine
                 Assistance
                 .
                 God
                 put
                 the
                 very
                 Stars
                 in
                 array
                 against
                 the
                 Canaanites
                 8
                 .
                 Against
                 the
                 Amorites
                 he
                 arm'd
                 the
                 Elements
                 ,
                 and
                 rain'd
                 great
                 Stones
                 from
                 Heaven
                 9
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 the
                 faithful
                 need
                 any
                 assistance
                 against
                 the
                 Madianites
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Lord
                 set
                 every
                 Man's
                 Sword
                 against
                 his
                 Fellow
                 10
                 .
                 Thus
                 ,
                 whoever
                 is
                 God's
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 brings
                 Vengeance
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 head
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXVII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 WHAT
                 ,
                 neither
                 Force
                 ,
                 nor
                 a
                 close
                 Siege
                 of
                 many
                 Years
                 could
                 do
                 against
                 Troy
                 ,
                 Fraud
                 at
                 length
                 effected
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 the
                 Graecians
                 conveying
                 their
                 Arms
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 within
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 Wooden
                 Horse
                 ,
                 under
                 pretext
                 of
                 a
                 Vow
                 to
                 Minerva
                 .
                 Neither
                 the
                 clattering
                 noise
                 of
                 the
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Advertency
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 prudent
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Consideration
                 that
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 Breach
                 ,
                 nor
                 that
                 of
                 its
                 being
                 to
                 continue
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 a
                 considerable
                 time
                 ,
                 were
                 sufficient
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 Treachery
                 :
                 Of
                 such
                 Influence
                 is
                 Religion
                 .
                 This
                 
                   Scipio
                   Africanus
                   ,
                   Sylla
                   ,
                   Sertorius
                   ,
                   Minos
                   ,
                   Pisistratus
                   ,
                   Lycurgus
                   ,
                
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 have
                 advantageously
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 authorize
                 their
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 impose
                 upon
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Phoenicians
                 coming
                 into
                 Spain
                 ,
                 built
                 ,
                 where
                 
                   Medina
                   Sidonia
                
                 now
                 stands
                 ,
                 a
                 Temple
                 in
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Fortress
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 commanded
                 in
                 a
                 Dream
                 .
                 The
                 Spaniards
                 believ'd
                 that
                 to
                 be
                 Devotion
                 which
                 was
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 be
                 Piety
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 Trick
                 ,
                 whereby
                 religiously
                 to
                 enslave
                 and
                 plunder
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 By
                 means
                 of
                 another
                 Temple
                 on
                 the
                 promontory
                 Dianea
                 ,
                 (
                 now
                 Denia
                 )
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Isle
                 of
                 Zante
                 conceal'd
                 the
                 Design
                 they
                 had
                 of
                 bringing
                 Spain
                 under
                 their
                 Subjection
                 .
                 King
                 Sisenand
                 having
                 depos'd
                 Swinth●●●
                 ,
                 to
                 secure
                 to
                 himself
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 call'd
                 a
                 Provincial
                 Synod
                 of
                 about
                 Seventy
                 Bishops
                 ,
                 under
                 Colour
                 of
                 making
                 new
                 Laws
                 for
                 regulating
                 Ecclesiastical
                 Discipline
                 which
                 time
                 had
                 corrupted
                 ;
                 whereas
                 his
                 chief
                 and
                 re●l
                 Design
                 was
                 to
                 get
                 Swinthila
                 depos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 inthron'd
                 by
                 a
                 Dec●ee
                 of
                 these
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 satisfy
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 Which
                 very
                 Artifice
                 Ervigius
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 confirm
                 his
                 Election
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Abdication
                 of
                 King
                 Wam●●
                 Malice
                 well
                 knows
                 what
                 effect
                 Religion
                 has
                 on
                 Mens
                 minds
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 makes
                 that
                 the
                 principal
                 Instrument
                 to
                 execute
                 its
                 Designs
                 ,
                 which
                 easily
                 impose
                 upon
                 the
                 simple
                 Vulgar
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 poor
                 Souls
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 penetrate
                 all
                 their
                 ends
                 ,
                 believe
                 their
                 only
                 tendency
                 is
                 to
                 render
                 God
                 propitious
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 him
                 prosper
                 their
                 Temporal
                 Affairs
                 here
                 ,
                 and
                 reward
                 them
                 Eternally
                 hereafter
                 .
                 What
                 nauseous
                 Delusions
                 have
                 Nations
                 swallow'd
                 when
                 gilt
                 with
                 Religion
                 ,
                 miserably
                 abandoning
                 themselves
                 to
                 Superstition
                 ?
                 What
                 servile
                 and
                 barbarous
                 Custom
                 has
                 not
                 that
                 introduc'd
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 Fortune
                 ?
                 Let
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 be
                 upon
                 their
                 Guard
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 times
                 particularly
                 ,
                 when
                 Policy
                 puts
                 on
                 the
                 Mask
                 of
                 Piety
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 easily
                 admit
                 those
                 Stalking-horses
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 ruined
                 not
                 only
                 Cities
                 ,
                 but
                 whole
                 Countries
                 and
                 Kingdoms
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 if
                 under
                 that
                 Title
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Avarice
                 creep
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 be
                 oppress'd
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 renounce
                 God's
                 easy
                 Yoak
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 look
                 upon
                 this
                 Natural
                 and
                 Divine
                 Law
                 of
                 Religion
                 to
                 be
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 State
                 Policy
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 
                 Princes
                 under
                 that
                 Veil
                 conceal
                 their
                 Methods
                 to
                 keep
                 Subjects
                 in
                 Allegiance
                 ,
                 and
                 strip
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 Fortunes
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 throughly
                 examine
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 Novelty
                 introduc'd
                 be
                 really
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 or
                 meerly
                 a
                 specious
                 pretence
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 detriment
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Publick
                 Peace
                 ;
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 find
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 ends
                 it
                 proposes
                 ,
                 by
                 observing
                 to
                 what
                 such
                 Innovations
                 tend
                 ,
                 whether
                 to
                 Interest
                 or
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 conduce
                 to
                 the
                 Spiritual
                 Good
                 or
                 not
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 this
                 can't
                 be
                 procur'd
                 by
                 other
                 means
                 less
                 prejudicial
                 .
                 In
                 such
                 cases
                 an
                 Evil
                 is
                 with
                 less
                 danger
                 prevented
                 than
                 afterwards
                 remedied
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 only
                 means
                 to
                 prevent
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 place
                 to
                 these
                 Pretexts
                 and
                 Abuses
                 ;
                 however
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 already
                 introduc'd
                 ,
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 corrected
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 mildness
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 not
                 rashly
                 ,
                 nor
                 with
                 Violence
                 or
                 extream
                 Rigour
                 ;
                 especially
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Case
                 fall
                 not
                 under
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Jurisdiction
                 ;
                 but
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 address
                 ,
                 having
                 du●
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 Persons
                 ,
                 under
                 whose
                 Cognizance
                 it
                 falls
                 1
                 ,
                 laying
                 before
                 them
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ill
                 Consequences
                 and
                 Inconveniences
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 the
                 Secular
                 Prince
                 attempt
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Abuses
                 should
                 be
                 establish'd
                 into
                 a
                 Custom
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 interpret
                 this
                 Violence
                 to
                 ●e
                 Impiety
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 rather
                 obey
                 the
                 Priests
                 than
                 him
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 see
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 and
                 Civil
                 Power
                 disagree
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 throw
                 off
                 all
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 and
                 emboldened
                 by
                 the
                 declared
                 Will
                 o●
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 make
                 an
                 Insurrection
                 against
                 Religion
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 insensibly
                 induc●d
                 to
                 beli●ve
                 ,
                 th●
                 Inconveniencies
                 of
                 these
                 Contentions
                 extend
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Substance
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 easily
                 bring
                 them
                 to
                 change
                 their
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 too
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 being
                 engag'd
                 in
                 Civil
                 Broils
                 and
                 Dissentions
                 with
                 the
                 Clergy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 new
                 
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 all
                 respect
                 for
                 things
                 Sacred
                 will
                 cease
                 ,
                 and
                 Errors
                 arise
                 upon
                 the
                 Eclipse
                 of
                 that
                 Divine
                 Luminary
                 which
                 before
                 enlighten'd
                 and
                 united
                 their
                 Minds
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 scource
                 of
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 many
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Revolutions
                 of
                 States
                 2
                 .
                 Great
                 prudence
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 govern
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 such
                 matters
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 equally
                 obvious
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 despise
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 impious
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 over
                 credulous
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 Superstition
                 ;
                 this
                 last
                 most
                 frequently
                 happens
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 their
                 Ignorance
                 is
                 presently
                 taken
                 with
                 appearances
                 of
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 and
                 new
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 before
                 Reason
                 has
                 had
                 time
                 to
                 examine
                 them
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 necessary
                 gradually
                 to
                 remove
                 from
                 them
                 all
                 occasions
                 of
                 Ruin
                 ,
                 those
                 particularly
                 which
                 usually
                 arise
                 from
                 frivolous
                 Disputations
                 about
                 too
                 subtle
                 Points
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 very
                 little
                 ,
                 if
                 at
                 all
                 promote
                 Religion
                 ,
                 not
                 suffering
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 defended
                 or
                 printed
                 ;
                 otherwise
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 divided
                 into
                 Factions
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one's
                 maintaining
                 his
                 own
                 Opinions
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 Heat
                 and
                 Obstinacy
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 Matter
                 of
                 Faith
                 ,
                 may
                 occasion
                 no
                 less
                 Disturbances
                 ,
                 than
                 even
                 a
                 difference
                 of
                 Religions
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Toleration
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 an
                 Apprehension
                 of
                 this
                 made
                 Tiberius
                 forbid
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 the
                 Sibyls
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 whose
                 Prophecies
                 might
                 cause
                 Seditions
                 3
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 the
                 Apostles
                 we
                 read
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Books
                 which
                 contain'd
                 idle
                 Curiosities
                 were
                 burnt
                 4
                 .
              
               
                 An
                 appearance
                 often
                 miserably
                 deludes
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 blindly
                 follow
                 any
                 Superstitious
                 Devotions
                 with
                 a
                 Submission
                 wholly
                 effeminate
                 ,
                 which
                 renders
                 them
                 Melancholy
                 ,
                 Cowardly
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 Slaves
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Imaginations
                 ;
                 which
                 debase
                 their
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 prompt
                 them
                 to
                 idle
                 away
                 their
                 time
                 in
                 Convents
                 and
                 Pilgrimages
                 ,
                 where
                 oft-times
                 many
                 Abuses
                 and
                 Vices
                 are
                 committed
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 an
                 Infirmity
                 of
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Publick
                 Safety
                 ;
                 and
                 unless
                 nipp'd
                 in
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 creates
                 great
                 Inconveniencies
                 and
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 folly
                 that
                 under
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 Good
                 does
                 every
                 thing
                 hand
                 over
                 head
                 ,
                 following
                 new
                 Notions
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 devilish
                 Inventions
                 .
                 Some
                 Submission
                 is
                 requisite
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 without
                 base
                 and
                 ssavish
                 Bigottry
                 ;
                 such
                 I
                 mean
                 as
                 has
                 Virtue
                 in
                 esteem
                 ,
                 abhors
                 Vice
                 ▪
                 and
                 holds
                 Labour
                 and
                 Obedience
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 agreeable
                 to
                 God
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 Convents
                 and
                 Pilgrimages
                 ,
                 this
                 Devotion
                 being
                 usually
                 celebrated
                 with
                 Banquets
                 ,
                 Balls
                 ,
                 and
                 Plays
                 ;
                 like
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Israel
                 at
                 the
                 Consecration
                 of
                 the
                 Molten
                 Calf
                 5
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 People
                 once
                 begin
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 opinionative
                 in
                 Matters
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 introduce
                 any
                 Innovations
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 immediate
                 Remedy
                 must
                 be
                 apply'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ill
                 Seed
                 be
                 routed
                 out
                 before
                 it
                 take
                 Root
                 and
                 spread
                 farther
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 grow
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 too
                 powerful
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 against
                 whom
                 they
                 may
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 refuse
                 to
                 conform
                 to
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 contrive
                 some
                 pernicious
                 Innovation
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 6
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 Understanding
                 be
                 free
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 destroying
                 its
                 liberty
                 can●t
                 be
                 constrain'd
                 to
                 believe
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 belong
                 peculiarly
                 to
                 God
                 Almighty
                 to
                 punish
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 unworthy
                 Sentiments
                 of
                 him
                 7
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 would
                 it
                 be
                 of
                 very
                 ill
                 consequence
                 to
                 commit
                 the
                 Decision
                 of
                 the
                 sublimest
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 Faith
                 to
                 the
                 blind
                 and
                 ignorant
                 Mob
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 therefore
                 
                 infinitely
                 requisite
                 to
                 oblige
                 Subjects
                 to
                 think
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Germans
                 did
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 Sanctity
                 and
                 Reverence
                 in
                 believing
                 than
                 knowing
                 things
                 Divine
                 8
                 .
                 What
                 monstrous
                 Errors
                 were
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 obnoxious
                 to
                 ,
                 if
                 each
                 man
                 were
                 allow'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Jugde
                 in
                 Matters
                 of
                 Religion
                 ?
                 Hence
                 the
                 Romans
                 were
                 so
                 careful
                 in
                 Prohibiting
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 any
                 new
                 Religion
                 9
                 ,
                 and
                 Claudius
                 thought
                 the
                 Foreign
                 Superstitions
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Subject
                 for
                 complaint
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 10
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 Malice
                 have
                 already
                 got
                 footing
                 ,
                 and
                 Punishment
                 be
                 too
                 weak
                 to
                 resist
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 that
                 Discretion
                 perform
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword
                 :
                 For
                 obstinacy
                 in
                 Faults
                 sometimes
                 increases
                 by
                 an
                 untimely
                 Application
                 of
                 Remedies
                 too
                 violent
                 ;
                 nor
                 does
                 Reason
                 always
                 surrender
                 to
                 Force
                 .
                 King
                 Ricaredus
                 by
                 dexterously
                 adapting
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 times
                 ,
                 now
                 dissembling
                 ,
                 now
                 flattering
                 ,
                 brought
                 his
                 Subjects
                 to
                 renounce
                 Arianism
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Catholick
                 Church
                 .
              
               
                 Great
                 Men
                 have
                 anciently
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 Superstition
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 intimated
                 )
                 to
                 authorize
                 their
                 Laws
                 ,
                 animate
                 their
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 Subjection
                 and
                 Obedience
                 ;
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 feigned
                 Dreams
                 and
                 Divine
                 Revelations
                 ,
                 and
                 pretended
                 to
                 have
                 private
                 Conference
                 with
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 but
                 although
                 these
                 Artifices
                 extreamly
                 influence
                 the
                 simple
                 People
                 ,
                 whose
                 Superstitious
                 Humour
                 is
                 easily
                 affected
                 with
                 things
                 that
                 have
                 an
                 appearance
                 Supernatural
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 however
                 allowable
                 for
                 Princes
                 to
                 delude
                 them
                 with
                 counterfeit
                 Miracles
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 false
                 shew
                 of
                 Religion
                 .
                 Of
                 what
                 use
                 is
                 the
                 Shadow
                 ,
                 where
                 one
                 may
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Light
                 it self
                 ?
                 To
                 what
                 purpose
                 those
                 Divine
                 imaginary
                 Prodigies
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 gives
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 real
                 ones
                 
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 with
                 a
                 firm
                 Faith
                 and
                 Assurance
                 expect
                 them
                 from
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 ?
                 How
                 can
                 an
                 infinitely
                 Just
                 God
                 give
                 success
                 to
                 these
                 Arts
                 which
                 seem
                 to
                 call
                 in
                 question
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Concern
                 for
                 things
                 here
                 below
                 ,
                 that
                 counterfeit
                 his
                 Omnipotence
                 ,
                 and
                 ascribe
                 to
                 him
                 what
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 ?
                 What
                 certainty
                 in
                 Religion
                 can
                 the
                 People
                 promise
                 themselves
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 see
                 it
                 wrested
                 to
                 serve
                 the
                 particular
                 Ends
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 Veil
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 cover
                 their
                 Designs
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Truth
                 the
                 lye
                 ?
                 That
                 Policy
                 is
                 certainly
                 very
                 unsafe
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 cloak'd
                 with
                 Fraud
                 ,
                 very
                 weak
                 and
                 tottering
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 contrivance
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXVIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 PRudence
                 is
                 the
                 Rule
                 and
                 Measure
                 of
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 without
                 that
                 these
                 degenerate
                 into
                 Vices
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 as
                 other
                 Virtues
                 have
                 theirs
                 in
                 the
                 Appetite
                 ,
                 this
                 has
                 its
                 residence
                 in
                 the
                 Intellect
                 ,
                 from
                 thence
                 presiding
                 over
                 them
                 all
                 .
                 Agatho
                 calls
                 it
                 a
                 great
                 Goddess
                 .
                 This
                 it
                 is
                 which
                 constitutes
                 the
                 three
                 Forms
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 Aristocracy
                 ,
                 and
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 and
                 assigns
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 their
                 Parts
                 conformed
                 to
                 the
                 Subjects
                 Nature
                 ,
                 having
                 its
                 Eyes
                 always
                 intent
                 upon
                 their
                 Preservation
                 as
                 the
                 principal
                 end
                 of
                 Politicks
                 .
                 Prudence
                 is
                 the
                 State
                 's
                 Anchor
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Compass
                 .
                 Where
                 this
                 Virtue
                 fails
                 ,
                 the
                 very
                 Soul
                 of
                 Government
                 is
                 wanting
                 .
                 '
                 
                   T
                   is
                   this
                
                 ,
                 (
                 says
                 King
                 
                   Alphonsus
                   )
                   which
                   makes
                   ▪
                   see
                   things
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                   and
                   judge
                   what
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   making
                   us
                   act
                   therein
                   decently
                   ,
                   without
                   Tumult
                   and
                   Precipitation
                   .
                
                 
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 peculiar
                 Virtue
                 of
                 Princes
                 1
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 renders
                 a
                 Man
                 compleat
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 Nature
                 so
                 sparing
                 in
                 her
                 Dispensations
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 having
                 given
                 many
                 great
                 Wit
                 and
                 Capacity
                 ,
                 very
                 few
                 great
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 for
                 defect
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 eminent
                 Men
                 are
                 in
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 dangerous
                 is
                 their
                 Government
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 easily
                 transgress
                 the
                 limits
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 ruined
                 ;
                 besides
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 of
                 Command
                 requires
                 a
                 clear
                 Judgment
                 to
                 discern
                 all
                 things
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 weigh
                 and
                 give
                 each
                 thing
                 its
                 just
                 value
                 .
                 This
                 nice
                 Examination
                 is
                 of
                 very
                 great
                 consequence
                 in
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 Nature
                 contributes
                 much
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 so
                 does
                 Observation
                 and
                 Experience
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Virtue
                 of
                 Prudence
                 consists
                 of
                 several
                 Parts
                 reducible
                 to
                 these
                 three
                 Heads
                 ;
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 past
                 ,
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prospect
                 of
                 future
                 times
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 differences
                 of
                 time
                 are
                 represented
                 in
                 this
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Serpent
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 upon
                 an
                 Hour-Glass
                 ,
                 which
                 represents
                 Time
                 present
                 ,
                 winding
                 it self
                 about
                 a
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 and
                 viewing
                 it self
                 in
                 the
                 two
                 Glasses
                 of
                 past
                 and
                 future
                 ;
                 with
                 this
                 Verse
                 of
                 Virgil
                 ,
                 translated
                 from
                 Homer
                 ,
                 including
                 all
                 three
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Motto
                 :
                 
                   What
                   are
                   ,
                   what
                   were
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   shall
                   come
                   to
                   pass
                   .
                
                 which
                 Prudence
                 looking
                 into
                 regulates
                 ,
                 and
                 composes
                 all
                 its
                 Actions
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 three
                 Times
                 are
                 the
                 Mirror
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 by
                 observing
                 the
                 past
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 present
                 Errors
                 and
                 Miscarriages
                 ,
                 it
                 d●esses
                 and
                 beautifies
                 it self
                 by
                 private
                 and
                 acquired
                 Experience
                 :
                 Of
                 the
                 former
                 I
                 treat
                 in
                 another
                 place
                 .
                 The
                 acquir'd
                 is
                 either
                 attain'd
                 by
                 Conversation
                 or
                 History
                 .
                 Conversation
                 is
                 very
                 beneficial
                 ,
                 thought
                 something
                 more
                 limited
                 ,
                 being
                 apprehended
                 
                 with
                 less
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 abundantly
                 more
                 satisfactory
                 of
                 all
                 Doubts
                 and
                 Questions
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 more
                 improving
                 .
                 History
                 is
                 a
                 general
                 Representation
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Ages
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 that
                 the
                 Memory
                 recals
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 our
                 Ancestors
                 .
                 The
                 faults
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 ,
                 instruct
                 them
                 that
                 now
                 are
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 search
                 for
                 true
                 Friends
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 will
                 relate
                 with
                 sincerity
                 things
                 both
                 past
                 and
                 present
                 :
                 And
                 since
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 as
                 Alphonsus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 and
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 Like
                 Histories
                 that
                 neither
                 flatter
                 ,
                 nor
                 conceal
                 ,
                 or
                 dissemble
                 the
                 Truth
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 admit
                 them
                 particularly
                 into
                 his
                 Council
                 ,
                 carefully
                 observing
                 the
                 neglects
                 and
                 failings
                 of
                 his
                 Predecessors
                 ;
                 by
                 what
                 Tricks
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 put
                 upon
                 ;
                 the
                 Court
                 Artifices
                 ;
                 the
                 intestine
                 and
                 foreign
                 Ills
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 and
                 examine
                 whether
                 he
                 be
                 not
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 Time
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 Master
                 of
                 Princes
                 .
                 Past
                 Ages
                 are
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Hospitals
                 ,
                 where
                 Policy
                 Anatomizes
                 the
                 Carcasses
                 of
                 Monarchies
                 and
                 Commonwealths
                 which
                 once
                 flourished
                 ,
                 thereby
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 cure
                 the
                 Ails
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 Sea-Charts
                 ,
                 wherein
                 by
                 the
                 Wrecks
                 ,
                 or
                 prosperous
                 Navigations
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 Shores
                 are
                 discover'd
                 .
                 Seas
                 sounded
                 ,
                 Sands
                 and
                 Rocks
                 found
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Lines
                 of
                 Government
                 marked
                 out
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 all
                 Books
                 good
                 Counsellors
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 advance
                 Knavery
                 and
                 Deceit
                 ,
                 which
                 because
                 more
                 practised
                 than
                 truth
                 ,
                 many
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 2
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 secure
                 are
                 those
                 dictated
                 by
                 Divine
                 Wisdom
                 .
                 Here
                 a
                 Prince
                 hath
                 for
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 a
                 compleat
                 System
                 of
                 Politicks
                 ,
                 and
                 safe
                 Precepts
                 to
                 govern
                 himself
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 3
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Israel
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 have
                 always
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Book
                 of
                 Deuteronomy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 read
                 some
                 part
                 
                 of
                 it
                 every
                 day
                 4
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 God
                 we
                 hear
                 ,
                 him
                 we
                 learn
                 of
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 we
                 turn
                 over
                 those
                 Divine
                 Oracles
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 
                   Alexander
                   Severus
                
                 ,
                 had
                 always
                 near
                 him
                 Persons
                 well
                 vers'd
                 in
                 History
                 ,
                 to
                 tell
                 him
                 what
                 other
                 Emperors
                 had
                 done
                 in
                 dubious
                 Matters
                 5
                 .
              
               
                 With
                 this
                 Study
                 of
                 History
                 ,
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 may
                 securely
                 enter
                 the
                 dangerous
                 Sea
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 having
                 the
                 experience
                 of
                 things
                 past
                 for
                 a
                 Pilot
                 to
                 Steer
                 you
                 in
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 those
                 present
                 ,
                 both
                 which
                 your
                 Highness
                 ought
                 to
                 manage
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 keep
                 your
                 Eyes
                 fixt
                 on
                 Futurity
                 ,
                 still
                 looking
                 forwards
                 to
                 prevent
                 dangers
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 render
                 them
                 less
                 injurious
                 6
                 .
                 According
                 to
                 these
                 Aspects
                 of
                 Times
                 ,
                 your
                 Highness's
                 Prudence
                 ought
                 to
                 judge
                 of
                 things
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Planets
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 few
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 their
                 Motions
                 stated
                 and
                 regular
                 ,
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 (
                 though
                 there
                 were
                 some
                 Virtue
                 in
                 them
                 )
                 foretel
                 such
                 variety
                 of
                 Events
                 ,
                 as
                 fortune
                 produces
                 ,
                 or
                 free-will
                 prepares
                 .
                 Nor
                 are
                 Speculation
                 and
                 Experience
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 to
                 ground
                 any
                 certain
                 knowledge
                 of
                 Causes
                 so
                 remote
                 .
                 Let
                 your
                 Highness
                 therefore
                 be
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 cast
                 your
                 Eyes
                 on
                 the
                 times
                 past
                 ,
                 from
                 Ferdi●●●d
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 to
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 and
                 comparing
                 them
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 pass'd
                 from
                 thence
                 till
                 now
                 ;
                 consider
                 whether
                 Spain
                 be
                 now
                 as
                 well-peopled
                 ,
                 as
                 rich
                 and
                 plentiful
                 as
                 then
                 ;
                 whether
                 Arts
                 and
                 Arms
                 flourish
                 as
                 much
                 ;
                 whether
                 Trade
                 and
                 Husbandry
                 succeed
                 as
                 well
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 your
                 Highness
                 find
                 it
                 to
                 have
                 fail'd
                 in
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 particulars
                 ,
                 dissect
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 ,
                 search
                 into
                 its
                 Arteries
                 and
                 Parts
                 ,
                 the
                 sound
                 and
                 entire
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 distemper'd
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 into
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 those
                 Infirmities
                 :
                 Consider
                 with
                 your self
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 proceed
                 from
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 so
                 ordinary
                 ones
                 ;
                 from
                 planting
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 want
                 of
                 Propagation
                 ,
                 
                 multiplicity
                 of
                 Religious
                 Orders
                 ,
                 too
                 many
                 Festivals
                 ,
                 Universities
                 ,
                 and
                 Studies
                 ,
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 the
                 Indie●
                 ,
                 Peace
                 ill
                 manag'd
                 ,
                 War
                 slightly
                 undertaken
                 ,
                 or
                 negligently
                 carried
                 on
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Cashiering
                 of
                 Officers
                 ,
                 the
                 Rarity
                 of
                 Recompences
                 ,
                 the
                 Oppression
                 of
                 Usury
                 ,
                 the
                 Transportation
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 the
                 Disproportion
                 of
                 the
                 Coin
                 ,
                 or
                 whatever
                 Causes
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 Nature
                 .
                 If
                 your
                 Highness
                 shall
                 discover
                 the
                 Fountain
                 from
                 whence
                 the
                 Evil
                 proceeds
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 difficult
                 matter
                 to
                 provide
                 a
                 Remedy
                 against
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 a
                 competent
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 past
                 and
                 present
                 Times
                 ,
                 your
                 Highness
                 will
                 be
                 enabled
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 estimate
                 of
                 that
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 new
                 thing
                 under
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 the
                 thing
                 that
                 hath
                 been
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 done
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 done
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 Persons
                 are
                 chang'd
                 not
                 the
                 Scenes
                 ,
                 Manners
                 and
                 Customs
                 are
                 always
                 the
                 same
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Conversation
                 of
                 Books
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 much
                 for
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Improvement
                 to
                 have
                 that
                 〈◊〉
                 learned
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 daily
                 conversant
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 entertain
                 his
                 Ear
                 with
                 well
                 digested
                 Discourse
                 and
                 Reasonings
                 ,
                 the
                 result
                 of
                 long
                 Premeditation
                 .
                 This
                 gave
                 occasion
                 to
                 that
                 usual
                 saying
                 of
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 either
                 found
                 a
                 Prince
                 prudent
                 ,
                 or
                 made
                 him
                 so
                 .
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 gre●●
                 School
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Ministers
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Learning
                 and
                 most
                 eminent
                 Experience
                 ,
                 wh●ther
                 Domestick
                 or
                 Foreign
                 ,
                 converse
                 with
                 the
                 Princ●
                 about
                 Affairs
                 .
                 Here
                 one
                 is
                 in
                 constant
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 a
                 particular
                 knowledge
                 almost
                 of
                 whatever
                 is
                 transacted
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 This
                 School
                 being
                 ,
                 more
                 especially
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 teaches
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 out
                 〈◊〉
                 Duty
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 for
                 Learning's
                 sake
                 to
                 apply
                 himself
                 〈◊〉
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 study
                 fully
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 and
                 go
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 leave
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Decision
                 of
                 his
                 Councellors
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 an
                 entire
                 neglect
                 an●
                 disuse
                 of
                 Business
                 ,
                 the
                 Mind
                 become
                 Savage
                 ,
                 an●
                 
                 conceives
                 an
                 Aversion
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 intolerable
                 weight
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 chuses
                 to
                 leave
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Industry
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 their
                 Opinion
                 upon
                 any
                 Subject
                 be
                 afterwards
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 discern
                 whether
                 they
                 have
                 determined
                 well
                 or
                 ill
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 Confusion
                 he
                 must
                 necessarily
                 be
                 ashamed
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 seeing
                 how
                 like
                 a
                 dumb
                 Idol
                 he
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 Adoration
                 is
                 paid
                 ,
                 while
                 another
                 renders
                 the
                 Oracles
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Zachary
                 calls
                 that
                 Prince
                 an
                 Idol
                 ,
                 who
                 like
                 a
                 Shepherd
                 that
                 leaveth
                 his
                 Flock
                 ,
                 forgets
                 his
                 Duty
                 8
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 Statue
                 which
                 represents
                 ,
                 but
                 does
                 not
                 exert
                 Majesty
                 .
                 He
                 has
                 a
                 Mouth
                 and
                 speaks
                 not
                 ;
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Ears
                 ,
                 but
                 neither
                 sees
                 nor
                 hears
                 9
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 generally
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Idol
                 of
                 Adoration
                 only
                 ,
                 not
                 Miracles
                 ,
                 is
                 universally
                 despis'd
                 as
                 an
                 unprofitable
                 Burthen
                 to
                 the
                 Earth
                 10
                 .
                 Nor
                 will
                 it
                 be
                 easy
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 retrieve
                 his
                 Credit
                 ;
                 for
                 Affairs
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 might
                 draw
                 some
                 Experience
                 ,
                 will
                 glide
                 away
                 like
                 Waters
                 that
                 never
                 return
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 knowing
                 where
                 the
                 Web
                 of
                 Affairs
                 begins
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 he
                 should
                 finish
                 it
                 with
                 success
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 avoid
                 these
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 Inconveniences
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 absolutely
                 requisite
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 to
                 apply
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 Publick
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 use
                 he
                 may
                 gradually
                 learn
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 they
                 at
                 first
                 seem
                 terrible
                 and
                 difficult
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 and
                 the
                 Glory
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 expected
                 thence
                 ,
                 will
                 afterwards
                 make
                 them
                 pleasant
                 and
                 delightful
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 fear
                 of
                 doing
                 amiss
                 be
                 any
                 obstacle
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 Prudence
                 so
                 in●●llible
                 but
                 it
                 may
                 sometimes
                 err
                 .
                 From
                 Errors
                 proceeds
                 Experience
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 the
                 best
                 Maxims
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 he
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 one
                 ,
                 let
                 this
                 thought
                 comfort
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 sometimes
                 
                 less
                 dangerous
                 to
                 miscarry
                 himself
                 ,
                 than
                 succeed
                 by
                 another
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 the
                 People
                 carp
                 and
                 cavil
                 at
                 ,
                 the
                 former
                 they
                 easily
                 bear
                 with
                 .
                 A
                 Prince's
                 Obligation
                 consists
                 only
                 in
                 being
                 desirous
                 ,
                 and
                 using
                 his
                 utmost
                 endeavours
                 to
                 succeed
                 ,
                 admitting
                 Instruction
                 and
                 Counsel
                 without
                 Pride
                 and
                 Presumption
                 ,
                 that
                 Mother
                 of
                 Error
                 and
                 Ignorance
                 .
                 Power
                 is
                 born
                 with
                 Princes
                 ,
                 Wisdom
                 not
                 :
                 If
                 they
                 will
                 but
                 hear
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 Govern.
                 Solomon
                 owning
                 what
                 a
                 Child
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 judge
                 God's
                 People
                 ,
                 prayed
                 for
                 a
                 docile
                 and
                 understanding
                 Heart
                 11
                 ,
                 thinking
                 that
                 sufficient
                 to
                 make
                 him
                 capable
                 of
                 successfully
                 discharging
                 his
                 Duty
                 .
                 A
                 zealous
                 and
                 well-meaning
                 Prince
                 ,
                 God
                 leads
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 by
                 the
                 Hand
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 make
                 a
                 false
                 Step
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 his
                 States
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXIX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 SOME
                 Fishermen
                 ,
                 once
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 Chios
                 ,
                 casting
                 their
                 Nets
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 for
                 Fish
                 ,
                 drew
                 out
                 a
                 Tripos
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Vessel
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 th●
                 Altar
                 ,
                 or
                 (
                 as
                 others
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 )
                 a
                 round
                 three
                 legg'd
                 Table
                 ,
                 an
                 admirable
                 Work
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 an
                 inestimable
                 Value
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 was
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Artist
                 Vulcan
                 .
                 This
                 kindled
                 Avarice
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Fishers
                 of
                 that
                 Island
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 vain
                 often
                 threw
                 theirs
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 hopes
                 .
                 How
                 often
                 have
                 the
                 happy
                 Successes
                 of
                 one
                 Prince
                 deceiv'd
                 himself
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 all
                 endeavour
                 to
                 attain
                 ●he
                 same
                 Fortune
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Means
                 ?
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 easy
                 to
                 follow
                 another's
                 Steps
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 go
                 ones
                 own
                 over
                 again
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 tread
                 always
                 exactly
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Tracks
                 .
                 ●
                 small
                 space
                 of
                 time
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 ●
                 Variety
                 
                 of
                 Accidents
                 effaces
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 whatsoever
                 impressions
                 are
                 made
                 afresh
                 ,
                 are
                 quite
                 different
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 lead
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 end
                 .
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 has
                 had
                 many
                 Followers
                 and
                 Imitators
                 ,
                 who
                 although
                 nothing
                 inferior
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 Accomplishments
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Body
                 and
                 Mind
                 ,
                 yet
                 could
                 never
                 arrive
                 to
                 ●o
                 high
                 a
                 pitch
                 of
                 Glory
                 and
                 Success
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 have
                 not
                 me●
                 with
                 that
                 Applause
                 To
                 be
                 good
                 is
                 in
                 our
                 Power
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 appear
                 so
                 to
                 others
                 is
                 not
                 .
                 Fortune
                 sports
                 with
                 us
                 even
                 in
                 Matters
                 of
                 Fame
                 ,
                 nor
                 does
                 the
                 same
                 Success
                 always
                 correspond
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Action
                 .
                 What
                 befel
                 Saguntum
                 ,
                 did
                 also
                 happen
                 to
                 Estepa
                 ,
                 yet
                 of
                 this
                 there
                 scarce
                 remains
                 any
                 Memory
                 .
                 This
                 little
                 City
                 ,
                 forsooth
                 ,
                 deserv'd
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 Glory
                 ;
                 for
                 what
                 is
                 scarce
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 in
                 small
                 ,
                 in
                 great
                 ones
                 is
                 often
                 highly
                 extoll'd
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 is
                 usual
                 in
                 Virtues
                 ;
                 the
                 same
                 shall
                 create
                 one
                 Prince
                 a
                 good
                 ,
                 another
                 an
                 ill
                 Character
                 ;
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 Times
                 and
                 Subjects
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Nobility
                 be
                 unruly
                 ,
                 the
                 Commonalty
                 dissolute
                 and
                 licentious
                 ;
                 the
                 Prince
                 that
                 tries
                 to
                 reduce
                 them
                 to
                 Reason
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 escape
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 bad
                 .
                 Every
                 Kingdom
                 would
                 have
                 a
                 Prince
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 Stamp
                 .
                 Whence
                 't
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 a
                 Prince
                 govern
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 good
                 Methods
                 ,
                 as
                 have
                 in
                 anothers
                 Government
                 been
                 applauded
                 ,
                 yet
                 shall
                 he
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 well
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 equally
                 commended
                 ,
                 excep●
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 both
                 alike
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 Hence
                 t
                 is
                 not
                 without
                 danger
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 b●
                 wholly
                 guided
                 by
                 Examples
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 ve●y
                 difficult
                 ,
                 i●
                 not
                 absolutely
                 impossible
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 any
                 one
                 Case
                 th●●
                 should
                 be
                 an
                 equal
                 Concurrence
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 very
                 Circumstances
                 which
                 are
                 in
                 another
                 .
                 These
                 Second
                 Caus●●
                 of
                 the
                 Coelestial
                 Orbs
                 turn
                 round
                 continually
                 ,
                 and
                 form
                 each
                 Day
                 new
                 Aspects
                 of
                 Constellations
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 produce
                 their
                 Effects
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Changes
                 o●
                 Things
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 Stars
                 once
                 appearing
                 never
                 retu●●
                 exactly
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 again
                 ,
                 so
                 neither
                 have
                 th●●
                 the
                 like
                 Operations
                 upon
                 things
                 here
                 below
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Variation
                 of
                 some
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 the
                 Successes
                 too
                 〈◊〉
                 varied
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Chance
                 has
                 sometimes
                 more
                 Effica●
                 
                 than
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Others
                 Examples
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 deceive
                 Princes
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 to
                 follow
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 what
                 has
                 happened
                 to
                 others
                 deserves
                 Con●ideration
                 ,
                 to
                 establish
                 a
                 prudent
                 Policy
                 ;
                 not
                 that
                 all
                 its
                 Maxims
                 should
                 be
                 squared
                 by
                 ●heir
                 Rule
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 Hazard
                 and
                 Uncertainty
                 of
                 Casualties
                 .
                 Others
                 Events
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Instruction
                 not
                 a
                 Law
                 1
                 .
                 Those
                 Examples
                 alone
                 can
                 be
                 imitated
                 with
                 any
                 Assurance
                 ,
                 that
                 result
                 from
                 Causes
                 and
                 Reasons
                 essentially
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 common
                 to
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 As
                 a●so
                 those
                 of
                 such
                 Princes
                 as
                 have
                 preserved
                 themselves
                 in
                 Credit
                 and
                 Honour
                 by
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Virtues
                 and
                 Moral
                 Actions
                 .
                 Yet
                 in
                 these
                 Cases
                 too
                 careful
                 Attention
                 is
                 required
                 ,
                 for
                 Manners
                 ▪
                 and
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 Virtues
                 often
                 change
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 new
                 or
                 unusual
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 ruined
                 by
                 the
                 ●ame
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 another
                 time
                 made
                 him
                 flourish
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 things
                 therefore
                 Prudence
                 ought
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 a●d
                 not
                 put
                 too
                 much
                 Confidence
                 in
                 its
                 self
                 ,
                 but
                 consult
                 the
                 various
                 Accidents
                 that
                 every
                 day
                 happen
                 ,
                 not
                 looking
                 upon
                 things
                 to
                 come
                 as
                 certain
                 ▪
                 however
                 disc●eet
                 Judgment
                 and
                 Diligence
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 sea●cht
                 and
                 provided
                 ●gainst
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 Events
                 are
                 not
                 always
                 correspondent
                 to
                 their
                 means
                 ,
                 nor
                 do
                 they
                 at
                 a●l
                 times
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Connexion
                 of
                 Causes
                 ,
                 where
                 Humane
                 Counsels
                 usually
                 take
                 Effect
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 that
                 supe●ior
                 Cause
                 which
                 directs
                 all
                 other
                 .
                 This
                 makes
                 our
                 Thoughts
                 and
                 Suppositions
                 so
                 uncertain
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 hopes
                 ●ounded
                 thereon
                 so
                 subject
                 to
                 Disappointment
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 was
                 in
                 all
                 Mens
                 Opinion
                 farther
                 from
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 than
                 Claudius
                 ,
                 yet
                 Heaven
                 had
                 then
                 design
                 him
                 for
                 
                 Tiberius's
                 Successor
                 2
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 more
                 common
                 in
                 the
                 E●ection
                 of
                 Popes
                 ,
                 wherein
                 humane
                 Industry
                 is
                 very
                 often
                 baffled
                 .
                 Divine
                 
                 Providence
                 does
                 not
                 always
                 use
                 natural
                 Means
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 sometimes
                 produces
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 different
                 Effects
                 ,
                 drawing
                 streight
                 Lines
                 by
                 a
                 crooked
                 Rule
                 ,
                 so
                 what
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 advantageous
                 ,
                 proves
                 frequently
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Pillar
                 of
                 Fire
                 in
                 the
                 Wilderness
                 gave
                 Light
                 to
                 God's
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 filled
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 with
                 Darkness
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 Humane
                 Prudence
                 is
                 oftentimes
                 at
                 a
                 loss
                 ;
                 whe●e
                 a
                 Man
                 expected
                 Secu●●ty
                 ,
                 he
                 sometimes
                 finds
                 Ruin
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 Viriatus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 betrayed
                 and
                 killed
                 by
                 those
                 very
                 Ambassadors
                 he
                 had
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 Servilius
                 .
                 A
                 Misfortune
                 we
                 have
                 once
                 sustained
                 ,
                 we
                 don't
                 easily
                 believe
                 we
                 shall
                 suffer
                 again
                 ;
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 presently
                 persuade
                 our selves
                 Prosperity
                 will
                 continue
                 ,
                 o●
                 at
                 least
                 return
                 .
                 This
                 Confidence
                 has
                 been
                 destructive
                 to
                 many
                 in
                 that
                 it
                 disarms
                 Prudence
                 .
                 This
                 World
                 is
                 a
                 vast
                 Sea
                 of
                 Events
                 ,
                 tossed
                 by
                 various
                 and
                 unknown
                 Causes
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 not
                 be
                 too
                 much
                 elated
                 ,
                 if
                 by
                 chance
                 we
                 bring
                 our
                 Nets
                 to
                 shore
                 full
                 with
                 the
                 Success
                 of
                 our
                 Wishes
                 ;
                 nor
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 dejected
                 if
                 they
                 prove
                 empty
                 ;
                 we
                 ought
                 always
                 to
                 cast
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 expect
                 the
                 Consequence
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 equality
                 of
                 Mind
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 impossible
                 for
                 that
                 Man
                 to
                 enjoy
                 any
                 Rest
                 ,
                 who
                 promising
                 himself
                 a
                 prosperous
                 Issue
                 of
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 sees
                 a
                 contrary
                 Event
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 destitute
                 of
                 a
                 Remedy
                 for
                 it
                 ▪
                 Misfortunes
                 cannot
                 surprize
                 one
                 that
                 expects
                 the
                 worst
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 disappointed
                 Hopes
                 expose
                 him
                 to
                 Ridicule
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 the
                 Persians
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 while
                 before
                 furnished
                 themselves
                 with
                 Marble
                 from
                 Paros
                 to
                 inscribe
                 the
                 Victory
                 on
                 ,
                 which
                 their
                 hopes
                 had
                 long
                 ago
                 anticipated
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 afterwards
                 overcome
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 that
                 very
                 Marble
                 to
                 erect
                 to
                 Revenge
                 a
                 Statue
                 ,
                 an
                 everlasting
                 Monument
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Folly.
                 To
                 presume
                 to
                 know
                 things
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 a
                 Rebellion
                 against
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 foolish
                 Contention
                 with
                 Divine
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 indeed
                 permitted
                 Human
                 Prudence
                 to
                 guess
                 at
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 foretel
                 things
                 of
                 this
                 Nature
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 this
                 uncertainty
                 of
                 Accidents
                 it
                 may
                 acknowledge
                 it self
                 more
                 subject
                 
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 dependent
                 on
                 its
                 Creator
                 .
                 This
                 makes
                 Policy
                 so
                 cautious
                 and
                 provident
                 in
                 its
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 well
                 knowing
                 how
                 short
                 sighted
                 the
                 grea●est
                 Humane
                 Wisdom
                 is
                 in
                 Futurity
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 ●ncertain
                 those
                 Judgments
                 are
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 grounded
                 upon
                 Presumption
                 .
                 If
                 Princes
                 could
                 foreseeu
                 future
                 Contingences
                 ,
                 their
                 Councils
                 would
                 not
                 so
                 often
                 miscarry
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 I
                 take
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Reason
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 Saul
                 was
                 elected
                 King
                 ,
                 God
                 infused
                 into
                 him
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Prophecy
                 3
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 what
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 gathered
                 ,
                 that
                 although
                 Antiquity
                 be
                 venerable
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 be
                 really
                 something
                 Royal
                 in
                 the
                 ways
                 she
                 hath
                 opened
                 to
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 for
                 Experience
                 to
                 pass
                 more
                 securely
                 ;
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 visible
                 many
                 are
                 ruined
                 by
                 time
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 grow
                 ,
                 impassable
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 diffident
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 so
                 religiously
                 to
                 tread
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 Steps
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 upon
                 occasion
                 to
                 venture
                 to
                 go
                 another
                 way
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 .
                 Innovations
                 are
                 not
                 always
                 dangerous
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 sometimes
                 convenient
                 to
                 introduce
                 them
                 .
                 Were
                 there
                 no
                 Alterations
                 ,
                 the
                 World
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 perfected
                 ,
                 which
                 advances
                 in
                 Wisdom
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 in
                 Age.
                 The
                 most
                 ancient
                 Customs
                 were
                 new
                 .
                 And
                 what
                 we
                 now
                 see
                 without
                 Example
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 hereafter
                 a
                 Precedent
                 .
                 What
                 we
                 now
                 follow
                 by
                 Experience
                 ,
                 was
                 begun
                 without
                 it
                 .
                 Our
                 Age
                 also
                 may
                 leave
                 many
                 glorious
                 Inventions
                 for
                 Posterity
                 to
                 imitate
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 every
                 thing
                 the
                 Ancients
                 have
                 done
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 all
                 the
                 Moderns
                 do
                 now
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 approved
                 by
                 After-ages
                 .
                 Many
                 Abuses
                 have
                 descended
                 to
                 us
                 from
                 our
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 severe
                 Savage
                 Customs
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 time
                 has
                 mitigated
                 and
                 changed
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 INgenious
                 Rome
                 ,
                 that
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Valour
                 might
                 not
                 want
                 Trophies
                 to
                 Honour
                 and
                 Recompence
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 excite
                 Emulation
                 in
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Example
                 to
                 her
                 other
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 invented
                 the
                 
                   Columnae
                   Rostratae
                
                 ,
                 Pillars
                 whereon
                 were
                 hung
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 such
                 Ships
                 ,
                 as
                 returned
                 Victorious
                 after
                 long
                 Voyages
                 ,
                 thus
                 eternizing
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 Sea-fights
                 ;
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 Monuments
                 was
                 raised
                 to
                 the
                 Consul
                 Duillius
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 signal
                 Victory
                 he
                 obtained
                 over
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 to
                 
                   Marcus
                   Aemilius
                
                 for
                 another
                 .
                 This
                 Trophy
                 gave
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 strength
                 and
                 firmness
                 of
                 the
                 Pillar
                 represents
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 had
                 run
                 through
                 so
                 many
                 Perils
                 upon
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 Experience
                 ,
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Support
                 of
                 that
                 Wisdom
                 .
                 This
                 has
                 things
                 
                 universal
                 and
                 perpetual
                 for
                 its
                 Object
                 ,
                 that
                 particula●
                 Actions
                 .
                 The
                 one
                 is
                 acquired
                 by
                 Speculation
                 and
                 Study
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 Habit
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 Good
                 and
                 Evil
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Use
                 and
                 Exercise
                 ;
                 both
                 jointly
                 make
                 a
                 perfect
                 Prince
                 ,
                 one
                 alone
                 is
                 not
                 sufficient
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 easily
                 appears
                 how
                 dangerous
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 those
                 is
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 addicted
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 Contemplation
                 of
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Solitary
                 Life
                 ,
                 for
                 such
                 want
                 generally
                 Use
                 and
                 Practice
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 can
                 profit
                 little
                 by
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 they
                 being
                 either
                 rash
                 ,
                 or
                 mean
                 and
                 abject
                 ;
                 especially
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 trans●orted
                 with
                 Excess
                 of
                 Fear
                 or
                 Zeal
                 .
                 Their
                 Discourses
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 and
                 Writings
                 (
                 wherein
                 more
                 of
                 a
                 speculative
                 than
                 practical
                 Genius
                 reigns
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 serviceable
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 awaken
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 Matter
                 for
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 be
                 seasonably
                 used
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Experience
                 .
                 Physick
                 prescribes
                 Remedies
                 for
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 which
                 however
                 the
                 Physician
                 never
                 applies
                 without
                 first
                 examining
                 the
                 Qualities
                 of
                 the
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 the
                 Nature
                 and
                 Constitution
                 of
                 his
                 Patient
                 .
                 Had
                 Hannibal
                 by
                 this
                 Consideration
                 moderated
                 his
                 barbarous
                 Arrogance
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 took
                 Phor●io
                 for
                 a
                 Fool
                 ,
                 for
                 teaching
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 when
                 himself
                 was
                 no
                 Soldier
                 ;
                 for
                 although
                 Speculation
                 alone
                 does
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 acquire
                 Practice
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 extreamly
                 difficult
                 for
                 the
                 Hand
                 to
                 Copy
                 accurately
                 all
                 that
                 the
                 Mind
                 has
                 drawn
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 whatever
                 the
                 Imagination
                 has
                 proposed
                 to
                 be
                 accomplished
                 to
                 the
                 Eyes
                 Satisfaction
                 ;
                 especially
                 when
                 War
                 depends
                 upon
                 such
                 a
                 Variety
                 of
                 Accidents
                 that
                 Experience
                 her self
                 sometimes
                 know●
                 not
                 what
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 Yet
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 Phormio
                 might
                 have
                 given
                 Hannibal
                 (
                 as
                 great
                 and
                 experienced
                 a
                 General
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 )
                 such
                 Precepts
                 as
                 would
                 have
                 taught
                 him
                 to
                 correct
                 his
                 treacherous
                 and
                 subtle
                 Nature
                 ,
                 to
                 leave
                 off
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 to
                 conquered
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 proud
                 Carriage
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 recourse
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 Protection
                 .
                 He
                 undoubtedly
                 had
                 learnt
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 better
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 at
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 to
                 shun
                 the
                 Debaucheries
                 
                 of
                 Capua
                 ,
                 and
                 gain
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 Antioc●us
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 used
                 on
                 some
                 Occasions
                 the
                 Ministery
                 of
                 the
                 Religious
                 ;
                 but
                 whether
                 to
                 manage
                 or
                 only
                 prepare
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 I
                 can't
                 say
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 to
                 spare
                 the
                 Expence
                 of
                 Ambassies
                 ,
                 or
                 prevent
                 the
                 Inconveniences
                 usually
                 arising
                 from
                 Disputes
                 between
                 the
                 Nobility
                 about
                 Precedency
                 .
                 However
                 Secrets
                 are
                 not
                 securely
                 intrusted
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 depending
                 more
                 upon
                 the
                 Obedience
                 of
                 their
                 immediate
                 Superiors
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Princes
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 accidentally
                 die
                 ,
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 will
                 fall
                 all
                 private
                 Letters
                 and
                 Papers
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 for
                 Neglect
                 of
                 Duty
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 punishable
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Example
                 is
                 a
                 Disturbance
                 to
                 Religious
                 Tranquility
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Practices
                 of
                 Policy
                 infect
                 their
                 Candor
                 and
                 Simplicity
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 better
                 Physicians
                 for
                 Spiritual
                 than
                 Temporal
                 Distempers
                 .
                 Every
                 Sphere
                 has
                 its
                 peculiar
                 Activity
                 .
                 I
                 don
                 't
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 deny
                 that
                 sometimes
                 there
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 Persons
                 who
                 have
                 had
                 their
                 Education
                 in
                 Courts
                 ,
                 without
                 that
                 Narrowness
                 of
                 Soul
                 which
                 usually
                 accompanies
                 a
                 monastick
                 and
                 retired
                 Life
                 ,
                 Wits
                 so
                 cultivated
                 by
                 Learning
                 and
                 Observation
                 ,
                 that
                 Affairs
                 even
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Consequence
                 may
                 be
                 safely
                 committed
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 especially
                 such
                 as
                 respect
                 the
                 Publick
                 Quiet
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Good
                 of
                 Christendom
                 ;
                 for
                 Modesty
                 in
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 well
                 ordered
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 the
                 Gravity
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 Deference
                 paid
                 to
                 a
                 Religious
                 Habit
                 ,
                 are
                 no
                 small
                 Recommendations
                 in
                 Prince's
                 Courts
                 to
                 gain
                 Audience
                 ,
                 and
                 prepare
                 Minds
                 to
                 receive
                 Impressions
                 .
              
               
                 Experiences
                 drawn
                 from
                 others
                 Misfortunes
                 and
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 are
                 indeed
                 happy
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 so
                 effectually
                 persuasive
                 as
                 our
                 own
                 ;
                 the
                 former
                 we
                 see
                 or
                 hear
                 only
                 ;
                 these
                 we
                 sensibly
                 feel
                 too
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 too
                 deeply
                 engraved
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 on
                 our
                 Breasts
                 to
                 be
                 soon
                 effaced
                 .
                 Shipwrecks
                 descried
                 from
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 are
                 something
                 more
                 affecting
                 than
                 anothers
                 Relation
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 who
                 has
                 had
                 the
                 Fortune
                 to
                 escape
                 them
                 ,
                 
                 hangs
                 up
                 his
                 Rudder
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Experience
                 for
                 ●
                 perpetual
                 Memorial
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 though
                 a
                 Prince
                 will
                 improve
                 by
                 both
                 ,
                 yet
                 his
                 own
                 private
                 ones
                 he
                 ought
                 most
                 to
                 regard
                 ,
                 particularly
                 observing
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 proceed
                 from
                 any
                 fault
                 ,
                 Self-love
                 is
                 too
                 apt
                 to
                 excuse
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Truth
                 late
                 or
                 never
                 comes
                 to
                 his
                 Ears
                 to
                 undeceive
                 him
                 ,
                 being
                 either
                 stopped
                 in
                 the
                 Palace-Gates
                 by
                 Malice
                 ,
                 or
                 concealed
                 by
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 Virtue
                 not
                 dare
                 to
                 unmask
                 it
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 bringing
                 it self
                 into
                 Danger
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 belongs
                 not
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 it
                 sees
                 all
                 would
                 be
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Princes
                 ignorant
                 of
                 what
                 neglect
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 guilty
                 ,
                 how
                 and
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 done
                 amiss
                 in
                 their
                 Councils
                 or
                 Actions
                 ,
                 cannot
                 correct
                 their
                 Errors
                 ,
                 nor
                 by
                 their
                 Experience
                 prove
                 more
                 cautious
                 and
                 prudent
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 .
                 There
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 Fault
                 committed
                 ,
                 no
                 Miscarriage
                 happen
                 in
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 whereof
                 there
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 present
                 faithful
                 and
                 sincere
                 Information
                 given
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 Sensation
                 or
                 Pain
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 but
                 immediately
                 is
                 carried
                 to
                 the
                 Heart
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Soul
                 has
                 its
                 chief
                 Residence
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 that
                 whose
                 principal
                 Interest
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 other
                 Members
                 intire
                 .
                 How
                 happy
                 were
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 Kings
                 well
                 knew
                 what
                 Evils
                 their
                 Kingdoms
                 laboured
                 under
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 not
                 see
                 them
                 so
                 inveterate
                 .
                 Whereas
                 the
                 only
                 thing
                 now
                 aimed
                 at
                 in
                 Courts
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 divert
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Ears
                 with
                 Musick
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 Entertainments
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 not
                 hear
                 his
                 Subjects
                 Complaints
                 ,
                 nor
                 say
                 with
                 
                   Saul
                   ,
                   What
                   ail●th
                   the
                   People
                   that
                   they
                   weep
                
                 1
                 ?
                 And
                 so
                 he
                 is
                 ignorant
                 of
                 their
                 Necessities
                 and
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 knows
                 them
                 too
                 late
                 .
                 Though
                 the
                 Adventure
                 of
                 I●nas
                 ,
                 whom
                 a
                 great
                 Fish
                 had
                 vomited
                 up
                 alive
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 fresh
                 ;
                 though
                 his
                 Publick
                 Cries
                 made
                 a
                 Noise
                 over
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 of
                 Nineveh
                 ,
                 
                 whose
                 Destruction
                 he
                 threatned
                 within
                 forty
                 Days
                 :
                 yet
                 was
                 the
                 King
                 the
                 last
                 that
                 heard
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 every
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 greatest
                 to
                 the
                 least
                 ,
                 having
                 already
                 mourned
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 on
                 sackcloath
                 2
                 .
                 Who
                 is
                 there
                 has
                 the
                 Courage
                 to
                 tell
                 a
                 Prince
                 the
                 whole
                 Truth
                 ,
                 or
                 discover
                 the
                 Evils
                 that
                 menace
                 him
                 ?
                 The
                 whole
                 Army
                 of
                 Bethulia
                 came
                 to
                 
                 Holofernes's
                 Tent
                 with
                 great
                 C●ies
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Sun
                 was
                 already
                 risen
                 ,
                 yet
                 did
                 not
                 the
                 Office●s
                 of
                 the
                 Bed-Chamber
                 dare
                 to
                 awake
                 him
                 ,
                 nor
                 call
                 him
                 by
                 his
                 Name
                 3
                 ,
                 but
                 made
                 only
                 ●
                 Noise
                 with
                 their
                 Feet
                 ;
                 till
                 when
                 the
                 Evidence
                 of
                 the
                 Danger
                 obliged
                 them
                 to
                 enter
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 had
                 already
                 cut
                 off
                 his
                 Head
                 and
                 hung
                 it
                 upon
                 their
                 Walls
                 4
                 .
                 Thus
                 it
                 generally
                 happens
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 first
                 discovers
                 Faults
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 's
                 either
                 no
                 Remedy
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 applied
                 without
                 great
                 Difficulty
                 .
                 His
                 Ministers
                 perswade
                 him
                 all
                 things
                 succeed
                 well
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 him
                 negligently
                 lose
                 all
                 Experience
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Instructions
                 of
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 Mistress
                 of
                 Prudence
                 .
                 For
                 although
                 Prosperity
                 proceed
                 from
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 this
                 does
                 not
                 from
                 Prosperity
                 .
                 The
                 principal
                 Office
                 of
                 Prudence
                 in
                 Princes
                 ,
                 or
                 others
                 concerned
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 teach
                 them
                 to
                 know
                 expe●imentally
                 all
                 Mens
                 Humours
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 discernible
                 from
                 the
                 Dress
                 ,
                 the
                 Looks
                 ,
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 lastly
                 from
                 the
                 Speech
                 .
                 Marks
                 which
                 God
                 Almighty
                 thought
                 so
                 necessary
                 to
                 Human
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 has
                 wrote
                 them
                 visibly
                 upon
                 every
                 one's
                 Forehead
                 5
                 .
                 Without
                 them
                 neither
                 the
                 Prince
                 would
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 Govern
                 ,
                 nor
                 Men
                 of
                 Affairs
                 obtain
                 their
                 Ends.
                 Mens
                 Minds
                 are
                 as
                 various
                 as
                 their
                 Faces
                 6
                 ;
                 and
                 although
                 Reason
                 be
                 in
                 its
                 self
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 the
                 ways
                 reasoning
                 take●
                 in
                 the
                 research
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 are
                 widely
                 different
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 
                 Delusions
                 of
                 the
                 Imagination
                 usually
                 are
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Men
                 appear
                 as
                 irrational
                 as
                 the
                 very
                 Brutes
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 all
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 treated
                 with
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Method
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 must
                 be
                 varied
                 ,
                 suitably
                 to
                 the
                 Person
                 's
                 Nature
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 change
                 the
                 Bit
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Horse's
                 Mouth
                 .
                 Some
                 Tempers
                 are
                 generous
                 and
                 exalted
                 ,
                 with
                 these
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Honour
                 are
                 most
                 prevaising
                 :
                 Others
                 mean
                 and
                 abject
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 wholly
                 lead
                 by
                 private
                 Interest
                 and
                 Advantage
                 .
                 Some
                 are
                 bold
                 and
                 enterprizing
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 gently
                 turned
                 from
                 the
                 Precipice
                 :
                 Others
                 slothful
                 and
                 timorous
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 lead
                 by
                 Business
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 see
                 the
                 Vanity
                 of
                 Danger
                 .
                 Some
                 are
                 naturally
                 servile
                 ,
                 these
                 Threats
                 and
                 Fear
                 of
                 Punishment
                 has
                 more
                 Influence
                 on
                 than
                 Intreaties
                 :
                 Others
                 arr●gant
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 tamed
                 by
                 Authority
                 ,
                 being
                 by
                 compliance
                 ruined
                 .
                 One
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 quick
                 at
                 Business
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Expedition
                 he
                 dispatches
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 immediately
                 repents
                 ;
                 this
                 Man
                 't
                 is
                 hard
                 giving
                 Counsel
                 to
                 :
                 Another
                 is
                 slow
                 and
                 irresolute
                 ,
                 whom
                 time
                 must
                 teach
                 at
                 his
                 own
                 cost
                 .
                 Some
                 are
                 ignorant
                 and
                 stupid
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 convinced
                 by
                 subtle
                 and
                 refined
                 Arguments
                 ,
                 but
                 palpable
                 Demonstrations
                 .
                 Others
                 sceptically
                 dispute
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 guilty
                 of
                 an
                 Excess
                 of
                 Subtilty
                 ,
                 these
                 must
                 be
                 abandoned
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 fly
                 as
                 Hawks
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 ●ired
                 ,
                 then
                 called
                 to
                 the
                 Lure
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bus●ness
                 in
                 hand
                 .
                 Some
                 refuse
                 all
                 Mens
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 are
                 wholly
                 guided
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 ;
                 to
                 these
                 you
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 ,
                 but
                 so
                 point
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 such
                 Hints
                 in
                 a
                 large
                 Discourse
                 upon
                 the
                 Matter
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 of
                 themselves
                 light
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 make
                 them
                 approved
                 as
                 their
                 own
                 Off-spring
                 ,
                 and
                 ac●ordingly
                 executed
                 ;
                 others
                 know
                 neither
                 how
                 to
                 act
                 nor
                 resolve
                 without
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 with
                 such
                 as
                 these
                 all
                 the
                 Persuasion
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 is
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Business
                 which
                 should
                 have
                 passed
                 through
                 their
                 hands
                 may
                 be
                 better
                 transacted
                 with
                 their
                 Counsellors
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 same
                 Variety
                 which
                 is
                 visible
                 in
                 Dispositions
                 ,
                 is
                 found
                 also
                 in
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 some
                 are
                 easy
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 increase
                 as
                 Rivers
                 by
                 the
                 Affluence
                 of
                 Rivule●s
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 of
                 divers
                 Inconveniencies
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 overcome
                 by
                 Expedition
                 in
                 not
                 giving
                 time
                 to
                 their
                 Increase
                 .
                 Others
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Winds
                 rise
                 in
                 Storms
                 ,
                 but
                 end
                 calmly
                 ,
                 which
                 require
                 Pa●ience
                 and
                 Constancy
                 .
                 The
                 Enterprize
                 of
                 some
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 Uncertainty
                 and
                 Danger
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 when
                 one
                 least
                 thinks
                 the
                 Depth
                 of
                 Difficulties
                 appears
                 ,
                 here
                 one
                 must
                 proceed
                 with
                 Caution
                 and
                 Courage
                 ,
                 with
                 Care
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Mind
                 provided
                 to
                 encounter
                 any
                 Accident
                 .
                 Some
                 require
                 Secrecy
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 carried
                 on
                 by
                 Mines
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 happy
                 Success
                 may
                 break
                 out
                 before
                 one
                 can
                 perceive
                 it
                 :
                 Others
                 can't
                 be
                 obtained
                 but
                 at
                 certain
                 Times
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 you
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 all
                 the
                 Means
                 ready
                 immediately
                 to
                 hoist
                 Sail
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 favourable
                 Blast
                 of
                 Wind.
                 Some
                 take
                 Root
                 gradually
                 ;
                 and
                 demand
                 Time
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 Maturity
                 ;
                 here
                 the
                 Seed
                 of
                 Diligence
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 Sowed
                 and
                 the
                 Fruit
                 waited
                 for
                 :
                 Others
                 except
                 they
                 succeed
                 presently
                 never
                 do
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 by
                 employing
                 all
                 Methods
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 Some
                 are
                 so
                 delicate
                 and
                 brittle
                 ,
                 that
                 like
                 Glasses
                 they
                 are
                 with
                 a
                 Blast
                 formed
                 and
                 broken
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 tenderly
                 handled
                 :
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 of
                 others
                 is
                 inhanced
                 by
                 being
                 too
                 much
                 desired
                 and
                 pursued
                 ,
                 here
                 the
                 Arts
                 of
                 Lovers
                 are
                 useful
                 ,
                 whose
                 Passions
                 are
                 inflamed
                 by
                 Slight
                 and
                 Disdain
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 a
                 few
                 Affairs
                 demands
                 Precipitation
                 ;
                 in
                 more
                 Force
                 prevails
                 ;
                 in
                 many
                 Patience
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 almost
                 all
                 Reason
                 and
                 Interest
                 .
                 Importunity
                 has
                 spoil'd
                 abundance
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 has
                 also
                 furthered
                 many
                 ,
                 as
                 St.
                 Ierome
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Woman
                 of
                 Canaan
                 7
                 .
                 Men
                 are
                 no
                 less
                 weary
                 of
                 refusing
                 than
                 granting
                 .
                 Opportunity
                 is
                 the
                 thing
                 contributes
                 most
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 
                 Management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 he
                 who
                 knows
                 how
                 to
                 use
                 this
                 shall
                 scarce
                 ever
                 Miscarry
                 .
                 The
                 Husbandman
                 that
                 is
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 his
                 Soil
                 ,
                 and
                 knows
                 the
                 proper
                 Seed-time
                 ,
                 may
                 expect
                 a
                 plentiful
                 Harvest
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 a
                 time
                 when
                 all
                 things
                 are
                 granted
                 ,
                 another
                 wherein
                 all
                 are
                 denied
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Mind
                 shall
                 be
                 disposed
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 easily
                 see
                 the
                 Increase
                 and
                 Decrease
                 of
                 Business
                 ,
                 for
                 being
                 lopped
                 like
                 Tre●s
                 in
                 a
                 proper
                 Month
                 ,
                 they
                 sprout
                 out
                 the
                 more
                 .
                 Some
                 Address
                 in
                 proposing
                 and
                 persuading
                 by
                 Honesty
                 ,
                 Profit
                 ,
                 and
                 Ease
                 ;
                 Prudence
                 in
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 Means
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 natural
                 Endowments
                 infinitely
                 conduce
                 to
                 the
                 Succefs
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 provided
                 those
                 Gifts
                 of
                 Nature
                 be
                 accompanied
                 with
                 a
                 discreet
                 kind
                 of
                 Complaisance
                 and
                 natural
                 Grace
                 that
                 captivates
                 the
                 Mind
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 Mens
                 Looks
                 and
                 Behaviour
                 are
                 so
                 disagreeable
                 and
                 ungenteel
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 even
                 shew
                 one
                 how
                 to
                 refuse
                 their
                 Petitions
                 ;
                 but
                 although
                 these
                 Means
                 ●oyned
                 with
                 good
                 Judgment
                 and
                 Industry
                 have
                 a
                 strange
                 Effect
                 on
                 Business
                 ;
                 yet
                 too
                 much
                 Confidence
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 yet
                 should
                 they
                 be
                 despaired
                 of
                 .
                 Light
                 Affairs
                 sometimes
                 breed
                 great
                 Difficulties
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 lightest
                 Causes
                 often
                 obstruct
                 the
                 most
                 weighty
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 Prudence
                 is
                 sometimes
                 blind
                 in
                 a
                 Matter
                 as
                 clear
                 as
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 that
                 has
                 already
                 long
                 ago
                 determined
                 in
                 his
                 eternal
                 Decree
                 ,
                 what
                 shall
                 become
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 being
                 thus
                 pleased
                 to
                 sport
                 with
                 Humane
                 Affairs
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 this
                 Variety
                 of
                 Capacities
                 and
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 appears
                 of
                 how
                 much
                 Concern
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 Choice
                 of
                 Ministers
                 fit
                 to
                 manage
                 them
                 ,
                 each
                 Man
                 being
                 no
                 more
                 capable
                 of
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Business
                 ,
                 than
                 every
                 Instrument
                 useful
                 for
                 all
                 Works
                 .
                 Persons
                 of
                 a
                 violent
                 Temper
                 ,
                 the
                 Cowardly
                 and
                 Dif●ident
                 ,
                 the
                 Rough
                 and
                 Unpleasant
                 in
                 Conversatio●
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 can
                 never
                 serve
                 the
                 times
                 ,
                 nor
                 adapt
                 themselves
                 to
                 others
                 Natures
                 and
                 Customs
                 ,
                 rather
                 spoil
                 Affairs
                 than
                 compose
                 them
                 ;
                 are
                 readier
                 at
                 making
                 ,
                 than
                 reconciling
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 fitter
                 to
                 be
                 Informers
                 than
                 Mediators
                 .
                 Affairs
                 require
                 Persons
                 of
                 very
                 different
                 Qualities
                 to
                 Administer
                 them
                 .
                 That
                 Man
                 is
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 most
                 proper
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 his
                 Air
                 and
                 Words
                 discovers
                 a
                 Soul
                 of
                 Candor
                 and
                 Veracity
                 ,
                 whose
                 private
                 Person
                 procures
                 him
                 Love
                 and
                 Esteem
                 ;
                 in
                 whom
                 Jealousy
                 and
                 Cunning
                 are
                 from
                 Art
                 not
                 Nature
                 ,
                 who
                 can
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 secret
                 Place
                 of
                 his
                 Breast
                 when
                 they
                 require
                 Concealment
                 ;
                 who
                 proposes
                 with
                 Sweetness
                 ,
                 hears
                 with
                 Patience
                 ,
                 replies
                 with
                 Force
                 ,
                 dissembles
                 with
                 Discretion
                 ,
                 urges
                 with
                 Attention
                 ;
                 who
                 obliges
                 by
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 persuades
                 by
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 convinces
                 by
                 Experience
                 ;
                 who
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 designs
                 prudently
                 ,
                 and
                 executes
                 effectually
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 with
                 these
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Enterprizes
                 .
                 The
                 good
                 Choice
                 of
                 these
                 is
                 of
                 no
                 le●s
                 Consequence
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Conservation
                 and
                 Enlargement
                 of
                 any
                 State
                 ,
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 all
                 depends
                 upon
                 their
                 Administration
                 ;
                 more
                 Kingdoms
                 having
                 been
                 destroyed
                 by
                 their
                 Ignorance
                 than
                 by
                 that
                 of
                 Princes
                 .
                 Let
                 this
                 therefore
                 be
                 your
                 Highness's
                 chiefest
                 Care
                 to
                 examine
                 diligently
                 all
                 the
                 Qualities
                 of
                 your
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 having
                 given
                 them
                 any
                 Place
                 ,
                 look
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 into
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 be
                 presently
                 taken
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 deluded
                 by
                 the
                 Draught
                 of
                 their
                 Memoirs
                 .
                 There
                 being
                 very
                 few
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 them
                 draw
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Life
                 ?
                 In
                 Effect
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 be
                 so
                 candid
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 a
                 Stranger
                 to
                 self-love
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 confess
                 what
                 good
                 he
                 has
                 neglected
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 what
                 Evil
                 to
                 prevent
                 ?
                 It
                 will
                 be
                 much
                 if
                 he
                 with
                 Sincerity
                 relate
                 what
                 he
                 has
                 actually
                 done
                 ;
                 some
                 using
                 to
                 write
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 not
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 done
                 or
                 said
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 do
                 or
                 say
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 thought
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 designed
                 every
                 thing
                 
                 ●●fore-hand
                 :
                 they
                 foresaw
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 executed
                 all-Affairs
                 enter
                 their
                 Closets
                 like
                 mishapen
                 Logs
                 ,
                 but
                 immediately
                 come
                 out
                 again
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 some
                 Statuaries
                 Shop
                 ,
                 exquisite
                 Figures
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 there
                 they
                 are
                 varnished
                 ,
                 gi●●ed
                 ,
                 and
                 painted
                 ,
                 to
                 beautify
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 enhance
                 their
                 Value
                 .
                 There
                 Judgments
                 are
                 form'd
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 Preventions
                 devis'd
                 ever
                 after
                 the
                 Success
                 ;
                 there
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 powerful
                 than
                 God
                 himself
                 ;
                 make
                 the
                 past
                 Time
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 present
                 past
                 ,
                 by
                 changing
                 the
                 Date
                 of
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 see
                 convenient
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 Ministers
                 who
                 transact
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Imagination
                 only
                 ;
                 Men
                 that
                 court
                 Applause
                 ,
                 and
                 steal
                 Rewards
                 by
                 their
                 false
                 Letters
                 :
                 Whence
                 proceed
                 the
                 greatest
                 Inconveniences
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Privy
                 Counsellors
                 being
                 directed
                 by
                 those
                 Intelligences
                 and
                 Advices
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 false
                 ,
                 the
                 Orders
                 and
                 Resolutions
                 founded
                 upon
                 them
                 will
                 necessarily
                 be
                 so
                 too
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Scripture
                 teaches
                 us
                 how
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 Ambassadors
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 punctually
                 to
                 execute
                 their
                 Commissions
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 that
                 Hazael
                 had
                 from
                 Benhadad
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Syria
                 to
                 consult
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Elisha
                 about
                 his
                 Disease
                 ,
                 he
                 chang'd
                 not
                 one
                 word
                 ,
                 nor
                 dared
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 speak
                 in
                 the
                 Third
                 Person
                 8
                 .
              
               
                 Ministers
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Experience
                 are
                 sometimes
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 puts
                 too
                 much
                 Confidence
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 biassed
                 by
                 Self-love
                 ,
                 or
                 presuming
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 Abilities
                 ,
                 they
                 seldom
                 think
                 thoroughly
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 born
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 to
                 overcome
                 the
                 most
                 violent
                 Tempests
                 ,
                 despise
                 the
                 small
                 Storms
                 of
                 Inconveniences
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 evidently
                 expose
                 themselves
                 to
                 Danger
                 .
                 Those
                 are
                 in
                 some
                 Cases
                 much
                 safer
                 ,
                 who
                 〈◊〉
                 yet
                 Novices
                 in
                 Navigation
                 keep
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Shore
                 .
                 
                 Though
                 both
                 together
                 compose
                 the
                 best
                 Counsels
                 ;
                 in
                 that
                 the
                 Experience
                 of
                 those
                 is
                 qualified
                 by
                 the
                 Timorousness
                 and
                 Caution
                 of
                 these
                 ;
                 in
                 Debates
                 between
                 the
                 Flegmatick
                 and
                 Cholerick
                 ,
                 the
                 Bold
                 and
                 Circumspect
                 ,
                 the
                 Quick
                 and
                 Slow
                 ,
                 there
                 results
                 a
                 wholsome
                 Composition
                 of
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 does
                 in
                 Bodies
                 from
                 the
                 contrariety
                 of
                 Humours
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXXI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Pillar
                 supports
                 it self
                 ,
                 balanced
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 weight
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 once
                 leans
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 ,
                 it
                 presently
                 falls
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 sooner
                 the
                 heavier
                 it
                 is
                 .
                 Thus
                 Empires
                 stand
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 preserv'd
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Authority
                 and
                 Repute
                 ;
                 when
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 lose
                 that
                 ,
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 fall
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 any
                 Earthly
                 Power
                 sufficient
                 to
                 strengthen
                 and
                 prop
                 them
                 1
                 .
                 Let
                 no
                 one
                 trust
                 too
                 much
                 to
                 a
                 streight
                 Pillar
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 inclines
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 ,
                 the
                 weakest
                 Hand
                 promotes
                 its
                 Ruin
                 ;
                 that
                 very
                 leaning
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 how
                 inviting
                 to
                 push
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 falling
                 ,
                 the
                 strongest
                 is
                 unable
                 to
                 uphold
                 it
                 .
                 One
                 single
                 Action
                 sometimes
                 overthrows
                 the
                 best
                 establish'd
                 Reputation
                 
                 which
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 can't
                 erect
                 again
                 .
                 For
                 scarce
                 any
                 Stain
                 can
                 so
                 thoroughly
                 be
                 washed
                 out
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 sign
                 of
                 it
                 will
                 remain
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 Opinion
                 in
                 Mens
                 Minds
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 entirely
                 effaced
                 .
                 Dress
                 the
                 Infamy
                 as
                 carefully
                 as
                 possible
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 still
                 leave
                 some
                 Scars
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Crown
                 stand
                 not
                 fixed
                 and
                 firm
                 upon
                 this
                 perpendicular
                 Pillar
                 of
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 soon
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Credit
                 not
                 only
                 preserved
                 his
                 own
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 but
                 conquered
                 that
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 mean
                 Spirit
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 the
                 Contempt
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 admitted
                 what
                 Laws
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 impose
                 .
                 The
                 Provinces
                 which
                 under
                 
                   Iulius
                   Caesar
                
                 and
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 Princes
                 of
                 great
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 were
                 Firm
                 and
                 Loyal
                 ,
                 rebell'd
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Galba
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 slothful
                 ,
                 and
                 universally
                 despised
                 2
                 .
                 Royal
                 Blood
                 and
                 Large
                 Dominions
                 are
                 insufficient
                 to
                 maintain
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 where
                 private
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Magnanimity
                 are
                 wanting
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 Frame
                 of
                 a
                 Glass
                 ,
                 but
                 its
                 Intrinsick
                 Excellency
                 makes
                 it
                 valuable
                 ,
                 Regal
                 Majesty
                 has
                 not
                 more
                 Force
                 than
                 Respect
                 ,
                 which
                 usually
                 arises
                 from
                 Admiration
                 and
                 Fear
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 these
                 Obedience
                 and
                 Subjection
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 the
                 Princes
                 Dignity
                 cannot
                 long
                 maintain
                 it self
                 ,
                 being
                 founded
                 upon
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 others
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Royal
                 Purple
                 will
                 be
                 rather
                 a
                 Mark
                 of
                 Derision
                 ,
                 than
                 Eminence
                 and
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 visible
                 in
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 Spirits
                 and
                 Native
                 Heat
                 that
                 keep
                 the
                 Body
                 upright
                 ;
                 the
                 Legs
                 alone
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Basis.
                 And
                 what
                 is
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 fine
                 Spirit
                 kindled
                 in
                 all
                 Mens
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 which
                 raises
                 and
                 supports
                 the
                 Scepter
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 take
                 all
                 possible
                 care
                 that
                 his
                 Actions
                 may
                 be
                 such
                 as
                 will
                 nourish
                 and
                 foment
                 these
                 Spirits
                 .
                 The
                 Parthians
                 grounded
                 their
                 Petition
                 
                 upon
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 asked
                 Tiberius
                 to
                 send
                 as
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Phraates's
                 Sons
                 to
                 Rome
                 3
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Repute
                 and
                 Authority
                 has
                 yet
                 greater
                 Influence
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 where
                 Fear
                 is
                 of
                 more
                 Efficacy
                 than
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 Opinion
                 than
                 Strength
                 ,
                 whether
                 of
                 Mind
                 or
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 no
                 less
                 Notice
                 of
                 than
                 Force
                 of
                 Arms.
                 This
                 made
                 
                   Suetonius
                   Paulinus
                
                 very
                 prudently
                 advise
                 Otho
                 to
                 endeavour
                 always
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 on
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 whose
                 Authority
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 wholly
                 Darkned
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 sometimes
                 Eclipsed
                 4
                 .
                 This
                 also
                 made
                 many
                 Countries
                 submit
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 seek
                 its
                 Protection
                 5
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Differences
                 that
                 were
                 between
                 those
                 Great
                 Generals
                 ,
                 Caesar
                 and
                 Pompey
                 ,
                 each
                 his
                 principal
                 Aim
                 was
                 to
                 Conquer
                 rather
                 the
                 Reputation
                 than
                 Arms
                 of
                 his
                 Rival
                 ;
                 well
                 knowing
                 that
                 Minds
                 and
                 Forces
                 follow
                 more
                 the
                 noise
                 of
                 Fame
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Drum.
                 King
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 was
                 eminently
                 skilful
                 in
                 this
                 Art
                 of
                 preserving
                 Reputation
                 ;
                 having
                 by
                 it
                 from
                 his
                 Cabinet
                 so
                 managed
                 the
                 Reigns
                 of
                 both
                 Worlds
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 always
                 had
                 them
                 at
                 Command
                 .
              
               
                 Nay
                 ,
                 even
                 when
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 States
                 is
                 apparent
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 〈◊〉
                 suffer
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 ones
                 Credit
                 to
                 be
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 for
                 without
                 this
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 to
                 re-establish
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 saw
                 it self
                 lost
                 in
                 that
                 violent
                 Storm
                 of
                 the
                 League
                 of
                 Cambray
                 ,
                 yet
                 that
                 most
                 Prudent
                 and
                 Valiant
                 Senate
                 thought
                 it
                 better
                 to
                 shew
                 their
                 Constancy
                 on
                 that
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 betray
                 any
                 Cowardice
                 by
                 using
                 dishonourable
                 Means
                 .
                 Desire
                 of
                 Dominion
                 makes
                 Princes
                 mean.
                 For
                 want
                 of
                 this
                 
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 Otho
                 with
                 stretch'd
                 out
                 Hands
                 seem'd
                 to
                 adore
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 embraced
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 shewed
                 all
                 the
                 servileness
                 imaginable
                 to
                 gain
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Party
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 procur'd
                 the
                 Empire
                 by
                 those
                 means
                 which
                 declared
                 him
                 unworthy
                 of
                 it
                 6
                 .
                 Even
                 in
                 Indigence
                 and
                 Necessity
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 use
                 means
                 violent
                 and
                 inglorious
                 ,
                 or
                 seek
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 ;
                 for
                 both
                 are
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 and
                 neither
                 seek
                 to
                 relieve
                 want
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 Reputation
                 is
                 the
                 better
                 Remedy
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 One
                 Man
                 is
                 as
                 rich
                 in
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 as
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 hid
                 Treasures
                 .
                 The
                 Old
                 Romans
                 were
                 undoubtedly
                 perswaded
                 so
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 several
                 occasions
                 of
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 the
                 Provinces
                 offering
                 them
                 Money
                 and
                 Corn
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 Thanks
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 not
                 accept
                 them
                 .
                 Two
                 Legions
                 having
                 been
                 cast
                 away
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 to
                 recruit
                 the
                 Loss
                 ,
                 
                   Gaul
                   ,
                   Spain
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Italy
                 ,
                 sent
                 Money
                 ,
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 Arms
                 ;
                 Germanicus
                 commended
                 their
                 Affection
                 ,
                 and
                 accepted
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 Horses
                 and
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 the
                 Money
                 7
                 .
                 In
                 two
                 other
                 Presents
                 made
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 ,
                 of
                 Golden
                 Cups
                 of
                 great
                 Value
                 ,
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 thanks
                 were
                 given
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 for
                 their
                 Care
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cup
                 of
                 least
                 value
                 accepted
                 8
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 ,
                 Thanks
                 were
                 return'd
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Presents
                 rejected
                 9
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Authority
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 proceeds
                 from
                 several
                 Causes
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 respect
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 others
                 his
                 State.
                 The
                 former
                 sort
                 are
                 either
                 of
                 Body
                 or
                 Mind
                 :
                 Of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 suitable
                 Frame
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Disposition
                 capable
                 of
                 maintaīning
                 Majesty
                 ;
                 though
                 the
                 natural
                 Defects
                 of
                 
                 Body
                 are
                 often
                 supplied
                 by
                 Virtues
                 of
                 Mind
                 .
                 
                   Charles
                   Emanuel
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 had
                 no
                 small
                 Imperfections
                 of
                 Body
                 ;
                 yet
                 his
                 great
                 and
                 generous
                 Soul
                 ,
                 his
                 lively
                 Wit
                 ,
                 his
                 Complaisance
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Courtly
                 Accomplishments
                 made
                 him
                 admired
                 by
                 all
                 .
                 A
                 grave
                 and
                 austere
                 Carriage
                 make
                 him
                 pass
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 without
                 that
                 would
                 be
                 but
                 very
                 contemptible
                 ;
                 yet
                 this
                 Air
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 temper'd
                 with
                 Courtesy
                 and
                 good
                 Humour
                 ,
                 that
                 Authority
                 may
                 be
                 supported
                 without
                 incurring
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Character
                 of
                 Arrogant
                 ;
                 a
                 thing
                 Tacitus
                 commends
                 in
                 Germanicus
                 10
                 .
                 The
                 Riches
                 and
                 Splendor
                 of
                 Apparel
                 is
                 another
                 thing
                 ,
                 procures
                 Admiration
                 and
                 Authority
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 are
                 taken
                 with
                 these
                 Outsides
                 ,
                 and
                 Mankind
                 admits
                 the
                 Eyes
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 the
                 Understanding
                 into
                 its
                 Counsel
                 .
                 Whence
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 very
                 well
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Cloaths
                   contribute
                   much
                   to
                   make
                   M●n
                   known
                   for
                   either
                   Noble
                   or
                   Base
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Sages
                   oblig'd
                   their
                   Princes
                   to
                   Cloths
                   of
                   Gold
                   ,
                   and
                   Silk
                   ,
                   and
                   beset
                   with
                   Iewels
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   might
                   be
                   known
                   at
                   sight
                   without
                   inquiry
                   .
                
                 When
                 King
                 Ahasuerus
                 gave
                 Audience
                 ,
                 he
                 wore
                 Royal
                 Apparel
                 ,
                 and
                 shone
                 in
                 Gold
                 and
                 precious
                 Stones
                 11
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 on
                 this
                 account
                 God
                 commanded
                 
                   Moses
                   to
                   make
                   Holy
                   Garments
                   for
                   Aaron
                   ,
                   his
                   Brother
                   ,
                   for
                   Glory
                   and
                   for
                   Beauty
                
                 12
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 accordingly
                 made
                 them
                 of
                 Purple
                 ,
                 embroidered
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 adorned
                 with
                 other
                 things
                 of
                 great
                 value
                 13
                 ,
                 which
                 his
                 Successors
                 wore
                 after
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 the
                 Popes
                 do
                 ,
                 though
                 with
                 greater
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 Expence
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 if
                 his
                 Holiness
                 be
                 an
                 Arm
                 of
                 God
                 upon
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 if
                 the
                 Voice
                 of
                 his
                 Censures
                 be
                 like
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Almighty's
                 Thunder
                 14
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 but
                 just
                 (
                 whatever
                 Impiety
                 cavils
                 )
                 that
                 as
                 God
                 covers
                 himself
                 with
                 Light
                 15
                 ,
                 the
                 Garment
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 so
                 she
                 should
                 be
                 deck●d
                 with
                 Earthly
                 
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 upon
                 Mens
                 Shoulders
                 16
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 has
                 place
                 in
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 God's
                 Vicegerents
                 in
                 Temporals
                 17
                 .
              
               
                 Large
                 and
                 sumptuous
                 Palaces
                 magnificently
                 furnish'd
                 18
                 ,
                 a
                 Noble
                 and
                 Eminent
                 Family
                 19
                 ,
                 Guards
                 of
                 Nations
                 of
                 approved
                 Fidelity
                 20
                 ,
                 the
                 Splendor
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 a
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Publick
                 Ostentations
                 do
                 also
                 set
                 out
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Power
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 advantage
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 an
                 additional
                 Majesty
                 .
                 Illustrious
                 Titles
                 of
                 States
                 Conquered
                 or
                 Hereditary
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 attributed
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 are
                 also
                 Manifestations
                 of
                 his
                 Eminency
                 .
                 Thus
                 ,
                 Isaiah
                 ,
                 by
                 divers
                 Names
                 and
                 Titles
                 declares
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 the
                 Supream
                 Creator
                 ,
                 and
                 Prince
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 21
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 therefore
                 your
                 Highness
                 is
                 to
                 study
                 to
                 enhance
                 the
                 Lustre
                 of
                 your
                 Royal
                 Person
                 ,
                 provided
                 however
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 ascrib'd
                 out
                 of
                 Levity
                 or
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 an
                 universal
                 Applause
                 founded
                 upon
                 Virtue
                 and
                 true
                 Valour
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 those
                 of
                 your
                 Highness's
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Holy
                 ,
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 Sancho
                 the
                 Brave
                 ,
                 Iames
                 the
                 Warlike
                 ,
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Noble
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Excellency
                 of
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 general
                 all
                 natural
                 Perfections
                 requisite
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Governor
                 ,
                 procure
                 a
                 Prince
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Authority
                 .
                 One
                 alone
                 that
                 shall
                 shine
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 respect
                 Peace
                 or
                 War
                 ;
                 abundantly
                 supplies
                 the
                 defect
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 apply
                 himself
                 to
                 Business
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 with
                 absolute
                 sufficiency
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 leave
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 Ministers
                 infinitely
                 diminishes
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 Majesty
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 
                 Sallust's
                 Counsel
                 to
                 Livia
                 22
                 .
                 Any
                 one
                 Resolution
                 the
                 Prince
                 shall
                 have
                 taken
                 very
                 opportunely
                 without
                 anothers
                 Advice
                 :
                 One
                 Resentment
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 once
                 shewn
                 the
                 Extent
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 though
                 upon
                 the
                 slightest
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 make
                 him
                 fear'd
                 and
                 respected
                 ;
                 as
                 does
                 Constancy
                 of
                 Mind
                 in
                 both
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 
                 People
                 look
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 supernatural
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 puff'd
                 up
                 by
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 Adversity
                 dejected
                 ;
                 they
                 believe
                 there
                 is
                 something
                 more
                 than
                 Humane
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
              
               
                 Equality
                 in
                 Actions
                 is
                 another
                 thing
                 that
                 greatly
                 advances
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Character
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 a
                 serene
                 and
                 prudent
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 dispence
                 his
                 Favours
                 ,
                 or
                 revenge
                 Injuries
                 out
                 of
                 Season
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 indeed
                 be
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 esteem'd
                 ;
                 as
                 Vitellius
                 experienc'd
                 23
                 .
              
               
                 Farther
                 to
                 maintain
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 Prudence
                 not
                 to
                 attempt
                 what
                 cannot
                 be
                 obtain'd
                 ,
                 very
                 much
                 contributes
                 .
                 For
                 so
                 his
                 Power
                 will
                 seem
                 infinite
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 engage
                 in
                 no
                 War
                 wherein
                 he
                 cannot
                 Conquer
                 ,
                 or
                 demand
                 nothing
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 but
                 what
                 is
                 just
                 and
                 feasible
                 ,
                 not
                 giving
                 the
                 least
                 ground
                 for
                 Disobedience
                 .
                 To
                 enterprize
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 accomplish
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 inglorious
                 ;
                 in
                 Subjects
                 rash
                 .
              
               
                 Princes
                 are
                 valued
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 Rate
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 altho'
                 Honour
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 esteem
                 of
                 others
                 ;
                 yet
                 this
                 is
                 generally
                 form'd
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 preconceiv'd
                 Opinion
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 at
                 least
                 if
                 prudent
                 )
                 is
                 greater
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Mind
                 gathers
                 strength
                 from
                 the
                 Valour
                 it
                 finds
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 or
                 loses
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 without
                 Merit
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 Souls
                 are
                 most
                 aspiring
                 24
                 ;
                 the
                 Cowardly
                 dare
                 attempt
                 nothing
                 ,
                 judging
                 themselves
                 unworthy
                 the
                 least
                 Honour
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 this
                 always
                 a
                 virtuous
                 Humility
                 and
                 Modesty
                 in
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 baseness
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 which
                 renders
                 them
                 deservedly
                 contemptible
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 pretend
                 they
                 aim
                 at
                 nothing
                 higher
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 sensible
                 of
                 their
                 want
                 of
                 Merit
                 .
                 Blaesus
                 almost
                 seem'd
                 unworthy
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 merely
                 for
                 refusing
                 the
                 offer
                 of
                 it
                 25
                 .
                 Unhappy
                 is
                 that
                 State
                 ,
                 whose
                 Head
                 thinks
                 himself
                 undeserving
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Prince
                 ,
                 or
                 who
                 presumes
                 
                 he
                 Merits
                 more
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 is
                 meanness
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ;
                 this
                 latter
                 is
                 accounted
                 Tyranny
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 these
                 Endowments
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 Chance
                 also
                 has
                 place
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 happens
                 often
                 ,
                 even
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 despised
                 ,
                 when
                 Prudence
                 is
                 unhappy
                 ,
                 or
                 Events
                 answer
                 not
                 Designs
                 .
                 Some
                 Governments
                 ,
                 good
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 are
                 notwithstanding
                 so
                 unfortunate
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 succeeds
                 under
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 the
                 Fault
                 of
                 Humane
                 Providence
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Divine
                 so
                 ordains
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 particular
                 Ends
                 of
                 this
                 Inferior
                 Government
                 ,
                 agree
                 not
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 Superior
                 and
                 Universal
                 one
                 proposes
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 I
                 add
                 withal
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 these
                 good
                 Qualities
                 of
                 Mind
                 and
                 Body
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 sufficient
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 if
                 his
                 Family
                 be
                 dissolute
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 on
                 that
                 depends
                 all
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 difficult
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 regular
                 Management
                 of
                 a
                 Family
                 .
                 It
                 usually
                 seems
                 easier
                 to
                 Govern
                 a
                 whole
                 Country
                 than
                 one
                 House
                 ;
                 either
                 because
                 a
                 Prince
                 intent
                 on
                 greater
                 things
                 is
                 negligent
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 or
                 Self-love
                 is
                 an
                 Obstacle
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Courage
                 ,
                 or
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 natural
                 Slothfulness
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 because
                 his
                 Attendants
                 so
                 blind
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Judgment
                 can't
                 apply
                 Remedies
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 least
                 Commendations
                 of
                 Agricola
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 curb'd
                 his
                 own
                 Family
                 ,
                 never
                 suffering
                 his
                 Domesticks
                 to
                 intermeddle
                 with
                 Publick
                 Affairs
                 26
                 .
                 Galba
                 was
                 a
                 good
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 but
                 an
                 ill
                 Master
                 of
                 his
                 Palace
                 ,
                 no
                 less
                 Vices
                 reigning
                 there
                 than
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 Nero
                 27
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 among
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 was
                 commended
                 for
                 having
                 modest
                 Servants
                 .
                 No
                 Government
                 can
                 be
                 well
                 instituted
                 ,
                 where
                 Courtiers
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 Rob
                 ,
                 or
                 Prostitute
                 its
                 Authority
                 by
                 their
                 P●ide
                 and
                 Vices
                 28
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 are
                 good
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 the
                 Prince
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 if
                 wicked
                 ,
                 he
                 though
                 really
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 will
                 appear
                 so
                 
                 too
                 .
                 From
                 them
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Actions
                 have
                 their
                 value
                 ,
                 on
                 them
                 depends
                 his
                 good
                 or
                 ill
                 Character
                 ;
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 others
                 Virtues
                 and
                 Vices
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 imputed
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 If
                 his
                 Domesticks
                 are
                 prudent
                 ,
                 they
                 conceal
                 his
                 Faults
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 possible
                 vindicate
                 every
                 Action
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 extolling
                 ,
                 render
                 them
                 more
                 illustrious
                 ;
                 they
                 relate
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Grace
                 that
                 challenges
                 Admiration
                 .
                 Whatever
                 comes
                 from
                 the
                 Prince
                 into
                 Publick
                 ,
                 is
                 great
                 in
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Eyes
                 .
                 Princes
                 in
                 their
                 Palaces
                 are
                 like
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 Respect
                 makes
                 them
                 imagined
                 greater
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Retirement
                 from
                 common
                 Conversation
                 covers
                 their
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Weakness
                 :
                 Whereas
                 ,
                 if
                 their
                 Servants
                 are
                 guilty
                 of
                 Imprudence
                 or
                 Infidelity
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 through
                 Chinks
                 discover
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 quit
                 that
                 Veneration
                 they
                 before
                 had
                 for
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Prince's
                 Reputation
                 redounds
                 from
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 if
                 this
                 be
                 provided
                 with
                 good
                 Laws
                 and
                 Magistrates
                 ;
                 if
                 Justice
                 be
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 Religion
                 maintain'd
                 therein
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 pay
                 due
                 Respect
                 and
                 Obedience
                 to
                 Majesty
                 ;
                 if
                 Care
                 be
                 taken
                 of
                 Corn
                 and
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 if
                 Arts
                 and
                 Arms
                 flourish
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 may
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 see
                 a
                 constant
                 Order
                 and
                 Harmony
                 proceeding
                 from
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Hands
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 States
                 Happiness
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 injoy'd
                 without
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 soon
                 despise
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Labourers
                 in
                 Egypt
                 regard
                 not
                 the
                 Skies
                 29
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Nile
                 by
                 its
                 Inundations
                 watering
                 and
                 making
                 their
                 Land
                 fertile
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 Clouds
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXXII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Oyster
                 conceives
                 by
                 the
                 Dew
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 its
                 purest
                 Womb
                 ,
                 the
                 Pearl
                 ,
                 that
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Embryo
                 is
                 born
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 would
                 imagine
                 its
                 exquisite
                 Delicacy
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 so
                 course
                 and
                 unpolish'd
                 an
                 outside
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 thus
                 ,
                 the
                 Senses
                 are
                 usually
                 deceiv'd
                 in
                 their
                 Censure
                 of
                 Exterior
                 Actions
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 judge
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 outward
                 appearance
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 without
                 searching
                 the
                 inside
                 .
                 Truth
                 depends
                 not
                 upon
                 Opinion
                 :
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 despise
                 that
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 sensible
                 he
                 act
                 agreeable
                 to
                 Reason
                 .
                 He
                 will
                 never
                 dare
                 enterprize
                 any
                 thing
                 difficult
                 or
                 extraordinary
                 ,
                 if
                 Fear
                 prompts
                 him
                 to
                 consult
                 the
                 Sentiments
                 of
                 the
                 Mob
                 .
                 In
                 himself
                 he
                 should
                 look
                 for
                 himself
                 ,
                 not
                 in
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 suffers
                 not
                 it self
                 to
                 be
                 disturb'd
                 by
                 those
                 thin
                 Shadows
                 of
                 Reputation
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 has
                 the
                 greatest
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 knows
                 perfectly
                 how
                 to
                 manage
                 Affairs
                 both
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 War.
                 The
                 Honour
                 of
                 Subjects
                 the
                 least
                 thing
                 blemishes
                 ,
                 whereas
                 that
                 of
                 Kings
                 is
                 inseparable
                 from
                 ●e
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ;
                 this
                 continuing
                 ,
                 that
                 increases
                 ,
                 ●●ling
                 ,
                 it
                 perishes
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 Government
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 d●ngerous
                 ,
                 had
                 it
                 no
                 better
                 Foundation
                 than
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 instituted
                 by
                 the
                 giddy
                 Rabble
                 .
                 Contempt
                 of
                 such
                 is
                 Courage
                 and
                 Steddiness
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 whose
                 Sovereign
                 Law
                 is
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Safety
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 hereto●ore
                 gloried
                 in
                 having
                 shewn
                 himself
                 fearless
                 of
                 Affronts
                 and
                 Scandal
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Benefit
                 1
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 and
                 lively
                 Soul
                 is
                 nothing
                 affraid
                 of
                 the
                 uncertain
                 Ru●ours
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 and
                 Common
                 Fame
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 ●●spises
                 this
                 imaginary
                 ,
                 will
                 thereby
                 obtain
                 real
                 and
                 ●●lid
                 Glory
                 .
                 This
                 
                   Fabius
                   Maximus
                
                 well
                 knew
                 ,
                 when
                 ●e
                 preferr'd
                 the
                 Publick
                 Safety
                 before
                 the
                 Clamours
                 and
                 Complaints
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 accusing
                 his
                 Delays
                 ;
                 〈◊〉
                 did
                 also
                 the
                 Great
                 Captain
                 in
                 the
                 Captivity
                 of
                 Duke
                 Valentin
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 surrendered
                 ,
                 and
                 intrust●d
                 himself
                 to
                 his
                 safe
                 Conduct
                 ;
                 yet
                 for
                 some
                 fresh
                 〈◊〉
                 he
                 was
                 inform'd
                 he
                 had
                 laid
                 against
                 his
                 Catholick
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 kept
                 him
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 thinking
                 the
                 Dangers
                 his
                 liberty
                 might
                 cause
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 respected
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Aspersions
                 were
                 thrown
                 upon
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Breach
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 Parole
                 ;
                 from
                 which
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 it
                 seem'd
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 proper
                 for
                 him
                 publickly
                 to
                 clear
                 himself
                 .
                 King
                 S●●cho
                 the
                 Brave
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Prince
                 renown'd
                 and
                 warlike
                 ;
                 〈◊〉
                 Deaf
                 to
                 the
                 Calumnies
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 he
                 declin'd
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Xeres
                 †
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 better
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 ●●red
                 by
                 his
                 Enemies
                 as
                 Prudent
                 ,
                 than
                 as
                 Rash
                 and
                 Precipitous
                 .
              
               
                 My
                 Design
                 by
                 this
                 Discourse
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Prince
                 a
                 very
                 Slave
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 for
                 ●●y
                 Reason
                 ,
                 or
                 upon
                 the
                 least
                 appearance
                 of
                 its
                 Inte●●st
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 break
                 his
                 Word
                 ,
                 or
                 run
                 Counter
                 to
                 all
                 Treaties
                 and
                 Agreements
                 :
                 For
                 such
                 a
                 Violation
                 can
                 neither
                 be
                 of
                 any
                 advantage
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 nor
                 his
                 State
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 will
                 be
                 rather
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 both
                 ;
                 what
                 is
                 dishonest
                 being
                 never
                 long
                 secure
                 :
                 A
                 remarkable
                 Instance
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 been
                 so
                 often
                 embroiled
                 ,
                 toss'd
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 Storms
                 of
                 Calamities
                 and
                 eminent
                 Miseries
                 ,
                 because
                 Peter
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 Peace
                 as
                 War
                 ,
                 had
                 more
                 regard
                 to
                 Interest
                 ,
                 than
                 Credit
                 and
                 Renown
                 .
                 Interest
                 and
                 Honour
                 should
                 walk
                 hand
                 in
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 pace
                 ;
                 nor
                 c●●
                 I
                 be
                 reconciled
                 to
                 this
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   nothing
                   is
                   glorio●s
                   but
                   what
                   is
                   safe
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   whatever
                   is
                   done
                   to
                   maintain
                   Dominion
                   is
                   honourable
                
                 2
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 is
                 base
                 ,
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 means
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 ;
                 nor
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 will
                 it
                 be
                 therefore
                 the
                 more
                 honourable
                 or
                 excusable
                 .
                 My
                 Design
                 is
                 only
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Mind
                 above
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 arm
                 him
                 with
                 Constancy
                 to
                 withstand
                 the
                 vain
                 Murmurs
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 temporize
                 ,
                 to
                 dissemble
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 aside
                 Kingly
                 Gravity
                 ,
                 to
                 despise
                 empty
                 Fame
                 ,
                 having
                 his
                 Eyes
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 true
                 and
                 well-grounded
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 Counsel
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 and
                 necessity
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Conservation
                 of
                 his
                 State
                 require
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 suffer
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 deluded
                 with
                 vain
                 Shadows
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 esteeming
                 that
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good.
                 A
                 Fault
                 blam'd
                 in
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 who
                 refus'd
                 to
                 take
                 their
                 Advice
                 ,
                 who
                 perswaded
                 him
                 to
                 apprehend
                 
                   Iohn
                   Pachico
                
                 ,
                 Marquiss
                 of
                 Villena
                 ,
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 the
                 Troubles
                 and
                 Commotions
                 among
                 the
                 Grandees
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 Saying
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 him
                 a
                 promise
                 of
                 a
                 safe
                 Passage
                 to
                 Madrid
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 violate
                 .
                 A
                 frivolous
                 Excuse
                 ,
                 to
                 prefer
                 an
                 idle
                 Proof
                 of
                 Faith
                 and
                 Clemency
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Publick
                 Safety
                 ,
                 especially
                 towards
                 one
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 abuse
                 this
                 his
                 Favour
                 to
                 Plot
                 against
                 his
                 Royal
                 Person
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 source
                 of
                 great
                 Calamities
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 moved
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 blamed
                 him
                 for
                 making
                 so
                 long
                 a
                 stay
                 at
                 the
                 
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 Caprea
                 ,
                 and
                 neither
                 went
                 to
                 aid
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 were
                 already
                 lost
                 ;
                 nor
                 to
                 appease
                 the
                 legions
                 in
                 Germany
                 3
                 .
                 Prudent
                 Constancy
                 hears
                 ,
                 but
                 does
                 not
                 much
                 regard
                 the
                 Sentiments
                 of
                 the
                 ignorant
                 Multitude
                 ;
                 knowing
                 if
                 things
                 succeed
                 well
                 ,
                 Murmur
                 will
                 afterwards
                 turn
                 to
                 greater
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 sensibly
                 va●ish
                 of
                 it self
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 distrusted
                 
                 Saul's
                 Election
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Derision
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   How
                   shall
                   this
                   Man
                   save
                   us
                
                 4
                 ?
                 Saul
                 however
                 took
                 no
                 notice
                 of
                 those
                 Words
                 ,
                 but
                 made
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 hear
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 nor
                 indeed
                 should
                 Princes
                 hear
                 every
                 thing
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 condemning
                 afterwards
                 their
                 Crime
                 ,
                 recanted
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 diligent
                 search
                 for
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 that
                 Abuse
                 to
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 Death
                 5
                 .
                 It
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 prudent
                 in
                 Saul
                 to
                 expose
                 〈◊〉
                 Election
                 ,
                 by
                 discovering
                 his
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Peo●●es
                 Dissatisfaction
                 .
                 What
                 Levity
                 were
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Tra●eller
                 to
                 be
                 stopp'd
                 by
                 the
                 importunate
                 Noise
                 of
                 every
                 Grasshopper
                 ?
                 To
                 be
                 guided
                 in
                 ones
                 Resolutions
                 by
                 the
                 ●●●ting
                 Mob
                 were
                 folly
                 6
                 ;
                 to
                 fear
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 re●oke
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 once
                 resolved
                 ,
                 base
                 and
                 infamous
                 .
                 Scarce
                 any
                 Council
                 would
                 be
                 secure
                 ,
                 did
                 it
                 depend
                 ●pon
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 incapable
                 of
                 penetrating
                 ●ll
                 the
                 Motives
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Prince
                 Acts
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 〈◊〉
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 publick
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Scepter
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Power
                 〈◊〉
                 included
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 his
                 part
                 to
                 Act
                 ,
                 theirs
                 to
                 Obey
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 firm
                 Perswasion
                 of
                 the
                 Equity
                 and
                 Reasonableness
                 of
                 his
                 Commands
                 .
                 
                   If
                   every
                   〈◊〉
                   bad
                   liberty
                   to
                   ask
                   Reasons
                   of
                   what
                   is
                   injoyned
                   ,
                   there
                   ●●uld
                   be
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   Obedience
                   and
                   Empire
                
                 7
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 as
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Subject
                 to
                 be
                 ignorant
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 to
                 know
                 others
                 .
                 
                   The
                   Sovereign
                   Iurisdiction
                   of
                   things
                   God
                   has
                   given
                   to
                   Princes
                   ,
                   to
                   Subjects
                   is
                   left
                   the
                   Glory
                   of
                   Obedience
                   .
                
                 The
                 only
                 thing
                 required
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 
                 acquit
                 himself
                 of
                 his
                 Duty
                 in
                 his
                 Resolutions
                 and
                 Decrees
                 ;
                 if
                 the
                 Success
                 prove
                 not
                 answerable
                 to
                 his
                 desire
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 discouraged
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 sufficient
                 that
                 he
                 has
                 done
                 nothing
                 imprudently
                 ;
                 the
                 very
                 best
                 Counsel
                 is
                 weak
                 and
                 liable
                 to
                 abundance
                 of
                 Accidents
                 .
                 The
                 greater
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 exposed
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 unhappy
                 Casualties
                 ,
                 which
                 Chance
                 brings
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 Humane
                 Understanding
                 is
                 unable
                 to
                 foresee
                 and
                 prevent
                 .
                 Gross
                 Bodies
                 usually
                 labour
                 under
                 great
                 Distempers
                 .
                 Did
                 not
                 the
                 Prince
                 prosecute
                 Affairs
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 Obloquy
                 and
                 Detraction
                 ,
                 with
                 Courage
                 and
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 lead
                 but
                 an
                 unhappy
                 Life
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 chance
                 to
                 err
                 ,
                 Courage
                 is
                 necessary
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 be
                 dash'd
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 slow
                 and
                 irresolute
                 .
                 That
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 no
                 grounds
                 suspects
                 all
                 he
                 does
                 will
                 be
                 disapproved
                 of
                 ,
                 contracts
                 too
                 much
                 the
                 Limits
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 subjects
                 himself
                 to
                 a
                 thousand
                 Terrors
                 of
                 Imagination
                 ,
                 which
                 generally
                 arise
                 from
                 some
                 private
                 superstitious
                 Perswasion
                 ,
                 or
                 Excess
                 of
                 Melancholy
                 .
                 These
                 Inconveniences
                 David
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 acknowledged
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 prayed
                 God
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 Reproach
                 which
                 he
                 fear'd
                 8
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 arm
                 himself
                 with
                 Constancy
                 to
                 resist
                 any
                 Events
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Opinions
                 of
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 his
                 Valour
                 in
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 true
                 and
                 real
                 Reputation
                 of
                 his
                 Person
                 and
                 Arms
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 lo●s
                 or
                 stain
                 of
                 this
                 brings
                 the
                 whole
                 Empire
                 into
                 danger
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 very
                 well
                 understood
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 advised
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 to
                 adapt
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Times
                 and
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 secure
                 his
                 Crown
                 by
                 gaining
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Marquiss
                 of
                 Villena
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Alphonso
                   Carillo
                
                 ,
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Toledo
                 †
                 .
                 He
                 did
                 indeed
                 all
                 honourable
                 means
                 to
                 effect
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 oblig'd
                 basely
                 to
                 bend
                 his
                 Regal
                 Authority
                 to
                 the
                 Fury
                 and
                 Violence
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 thinking
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 Danger
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 than
                 Advantage
                 in
                 gaining
                 their
                 Affe●●ions
                 .
                 
                 Time
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 Master
                 of
                 these
                 Arts
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 ●one
                 may
                 come
                 as
                 will
                 make
                 even
                 mean
                 Actions
                 Heroick
                 ,
                 and
                 impute
                 even
                 base
                 and
                 servile
                 Submission
                 to
                 Fortitude
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 an
                 honourable
                 and
                 lawful
                 End
                 enobles
                 them
                 .
                 Tacitus
                 accuses
                 
                   Vitellius
                   for
                   ,
                   being
                
                 Nero's
                 
                   Ass●ciate
                   in
                   his
                   Debaucheries
                   without
                   any
                   Necessity
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   made
                   it
                   very
                   excusable
                   ,
                   but
                   out
                   of
                   meer
                   Luxury
                   and
                   Lasciviousness
                
                 9
                 .
                 To
                 submit
                 to
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 requires
                 no
                 less
                 Resolution
                 than
                 to
                 overcome
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 sometimes
                 thought
                 Baseness
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 ,
                 Injuries
                 are
                 put
                 up
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 immediately
                 runs
                 to
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 suffers
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 more
                 by
                 Passion
                 than
                 Honour
                 .
                 Anger
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 has
                 Satisfaction
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Ignominy
                 becomes
                 more
                 notorious
                 and
                 publick
                 .
                 How
                 oft
                 has
                 Bloodshed
                 been
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Rubrick
                 inscribed
                 with
                 Injuries
                 ?
                 How
                 often
                 have
                 we
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Offenders
                 gashed
                 Face
                 ,
                 the
                 offended
                 Person
                 's
                 Infamy
                 written
                 in
                 Scars
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 so
                 many
                 Letters
                 ?
                 Honour
                 has
                 been
                 more
                 frequently
                 lost
                 by
                 Revenge
                 than
                 Dissimulation
                 ;
                 this
                 brings
                 Oblivion
                 ,
                 that
                 Remembrance
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 more
                 value
                 a
                 Person
                 that
                 has
                 prudently
                 taken
                 an
                 Affront
                 ,
                 than
                 one
                 who
                 has
                 rashly
                 reveng'd
                 one
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 makes
                 a
                 true
                 and
                 prudent
                 Estimate
                 of
                 the
                 price
                 of
                 his
                 Honour
                 ,
                 weighs
                 it
                 against
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 former
                 with
                 the
                 Addition
                 of
                 a
                 Grain
                 of
                 publick
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 out-weighs
                 by
                 much
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 it
                 is
                 my
                 Advice
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 value
                 not
                 popular
                 Discourse
                 ;
                 this
                 ,
                 however
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 limited
                 to
                 the
                 Cases
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 compensated
                 by
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 or
                 obstructs
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 any
                 great
                 Designs
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 don●t
                 comprehend
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 not
                 well
                 understand
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Success
                 and
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 recovers
                 afterwards
                 the
                 lost
                 Reputation
                 with
                 Interest
                 .
                 It
                 will
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 be
                 Prudence
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 possible
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 conform
                 his
                 Actions
                 to
                 the
                 Inclinations
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 their
                 Approbation
                 working
                 almost
                 the
                 same
                 Effect
                 with
                 real
                 Glory
                 ;
                 they
                 both
                 consist
                 in
                 Men's
                 Imagination
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 popular
                 Voice
                 ,
                 though
                 false
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 gains
                 so
                 much
                 Credit
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 Time
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 contrary
                 Action
                 can
                 ever
                 after
                 efface
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXXIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 WHAT
                 an
                 entire
                 Glass
                 represents
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 when
                 broken
                 ,
                 each
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 exhibits
                 .
                 Thus
                 the
                 Lion
                 views
                 himself
                 in
                 both
                 Pieces
                 of
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 that
                 Symbol
                 of
                 Fortitude
                 and
                 generous
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 Prince
                 in
                 all
                 Accidents
                 ought
                 to
                 maintain
                 :
                 In
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 Publick
                 Mirror
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 views
                 it self
                 ,
                 as
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 
                 has
                 well
                 observed
                 ,
                 speaking
                 of
                 Kings
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 regulated
                 .
                 Whether
                 therefore
                 Success
                 preserve
                 ,
                 or
                 Misfortunes
                 break
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 ever
                 appear
                 with
                 one
                 Countenance
                 ;
                 which
                 indeed
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 is
                 of
                 some
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 considering
                 how
                 apt
                 the
                 Passions
                 are
                 to
                 break
                 forth
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Reason
                 vanishes
                 with
                 Glory
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 a
                 truly
                 noble
                 Mind
                 suffers
                 not
                 it self
                 to
                 be
                 transported
                 ,
                 even
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 highest
                 Happiness
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 might
                 see
                 in
                 Vespasian
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 unanimous
                 Consent
                 of
                 all
                 saluted
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 was
                 yet
                 neither
                 Proud
                 nor
                 Arrogant
                 1
                 ,
                 nor
                 could
                 the
                 Alteration
                 of
                 Affairs
                 work
                 any
                 in
                 him
                 .
                 That
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 his
                 Fortune
                 changes
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 confesses
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 deserve
                 it
                 2
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 modest
                 Assurance
                 was
                 eminent
                 too
                 in
                 Piso
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 adopted
                 by
                 Galba
                 ,
                 look'd
                 so
                 serene
                 and
                 unconcern'd
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 his
                 Power
                 to
                 be
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 depending
                 upon
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 another
                 3
                 .
                 Valour
                 also
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 endanger'd
                 by
                 adverse
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 they
                 generally
                 find
                 Men
                 unprepared
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 scarce
                 one
                 who
                 seriously
                 thinks
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Calamities
                 incident
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Which
                 makes
                 them
                 surprise
                 many
                 unawares
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 the
                 Mind
                 is
                 then
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 which
                 proceeds
                 either
                 from
                 excessive
                 Dotage
                 on
                 those
                 Happinesses
                 it
                 falls
                 short
                 of
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 fear
                 of
                 loss
                 of
                 Life
                 ;
                 the
                 desire
                 of
                 prolonging
                 which
                 is
                 ingrafted
                 in
                 every
                 Man's
                 Nature
                 .
                 Let
                 others
                 harbour
                 those
                 Passions
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Breast
                 they
                 ought
                 never
                 to
                 be
                 entertain'd
                 ;
                 whose
                 Duty
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 Govern
                 equally
                 in
                 both
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 keep
                 always
                 a
                 pleasant
                 composed
                 Countenance
                 and
                 undaunted
                 Speech
                 .
                 Thus
                 Otho
                 appear'd
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 even
                 after
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 stop
                 their
                 unreasonable
                 
                 Tears
                 4
                 .
                 In
                 that
                 bloody
                 Fight
                 at
                 Navas
                 of
                 Toulo●●●
                 ,
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Ninth
                 ,
                 continued
                 in
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Engagement
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Calmness
                 of
                 Mind
                 and
                 Looks
                 .
                 No
                 Accident
                 was
                 ever
                 able
                 to
                 disclose
                 the
                 Passion
                 of
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 .
                 Being
                 once
                 struck
                 by
                 a
                 mad
                 Fellow
                 of
                 Barcelona
                 ,
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 nothing
                 disordered
                 ,
                 only
                 gave
                 Command
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 seized
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Ingolstadt
                 ,
                 changed
                 neither
                 his
                 Looks
                 nor
                 Station
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 continual
                 Fire
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Guns
                 had
                 tore
                 his
                 Tent
                 in
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 some
                 by
                 his
                 side
                 .
                 With
                 no
                 less
                 Constancy
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Hungary
                 ,
                 (
                 now
                 the
                 most
                 August
                 Emperor
                 )
                 and
                 his
                 Highness
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Infant
                 ,
                 (
                 both
                 glorious
                 Rivals
                 of
                 
                 Charles's
                 Courage
                 and
                 Atchievements
                 )
                 stood
                 undaunted
                 at
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Norlinguen
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 terrified
                 by
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 a
                 Colonel
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 a
                 Cannon-shot
                 very
                 near
                 them
                 .
                 Nor
                 should
                 I
                 omit
                 here
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 Maximilli●●
                 Duke
                 of
                 Bavaria
                 ,
                 and
                 Elector
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ;
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 numerous
                 Victories
                 he
                 obtain'd
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Catholick
                 League
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 not
                 puff'd
                 up
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 suffer'd
                 afterwards
                 his
                 great
                 Soul
                 to
                 be
                 broken
                 by
                 the
                 contrary
                 Success
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 saw
                 his
                 States
                 ruined
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Sweden
                 ,
                 and
                 Frederick
                 ,
                 Count
                 Palatine
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Palace
                 of
                 Monaca
                 ,
                 (
                 a
                 Fabrick
                 worthy
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Prince
                 )
                 and
                 tho'
                 he
                 found
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Frizeland
                 as
                 much
                 his
                 Enemy
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fickleness
                 of
                 Times
                 ,
                 divide
                 and
                 dash
                 into
                 never
                 so
                 many
                 pieces
                 ,
                 the
                 Glass
                 of
                 tates
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 every
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 however
                 small
                 ,
                 Majesty
                 will
                 remain
                 entire
                 .
                 Whoever
                 is
                 born
                 to
                 a
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 chang'd
                 at
                 any
                 Event
                 or
                 Accident
                 whatever
                 ,
                 nor
                 think
                 any
                 so
                 grievous
                 and
                 insupportable
                 ▪
                 as
                 for
                 it
                 to
                 ab●●don
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 dissemble
                 the
                 Person
                 he
                 bears
                 .
                 King
                 Peter
                 ,
                 even
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 deadly
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 conceal'd
                 not
                 who
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 may
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 question'd
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 he
                 or
                 not
                 ,
                 he
                 cried
                 out
                 aloud
                 ,
                 
                   It
                   is
                   I
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   I.
                
                 This
                 very
                 Constancy
                 in
                 preserving
                 a
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Majesty
                 in
                 misfortunes
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 sometimes
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 only
                 Remedy
                 against
                 them
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 with
                 Porus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Indies
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 taken
                 Prisoner
                 by
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 and
                 demanded
                 how
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 treated
                 :
                 Made
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   Like
                   a
                   King.
                
                 And
                 when
                 Alexander
                 ask'd
                 him
                 ,
                 whether
                 he
                 desired
                 nothing
                 more
                 :
                 He
                 replied
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Word
                   comprehends
                   all
                
                 .
                 Which
                 Heroick
                 Answer
                 so
                 affected
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 restored
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 but
                 gave
                 him
                 other
                 Countries
                 besides
                 .
                 To
                 yield
                 to
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 is
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 side
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 Valour
                 in
                 the
                 Conquered
                 pleases
                 the
                 Victor
                 ,
                 either
                 because
                 it
                 renders
                 his
                 Triumph
                 more
                 glorious
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 intrinsick
                 Energy
                 of
                 Virtue
                 .
                 The
                 Mind
                 is
                 not
                 subject
                 to
                 Violence
                 ,
                 nor
                 has
                 Fortune
                 any
                 Power
                 over
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 used
                 severe
                 Threats
                 to
                 
                   Iohn
                   Frederick
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Saxony
                 ,
                 to
                 oblige
                 him
                 to
                 Surrender
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 Wirtemburg
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 his
                 Answer
                 was
                 ,
                 
                   His
                   Imperial
                   Majesty
                   may
                   indeed
                   do
                   what
                   he
                   pleases
                   with
                   my
                   Body
                   ,
                   〈◊〉
                   shall
                   never
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   strike
                   fear
                   into
                   this
                   Breast
                   .
                
                 Which
                 he
                 really
                 shew'd
                 on
                 another
                 occasion
                 of
                 much
                 greater
                 Danger
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 happened
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 playing
                 at
                 Chess
                 with
                 Ernest
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Brunswick
                 ,
                 he
                 heard
                 Sen●●nce
                 of
                 Death
                 was
                 pass'd
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 with
                 no
                 more
                 Trouble
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 the
                 News
                 had
                 not
                 concern'd
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 chearfully
                 bid
                 the
                 Duke
                 play
                 on
                 ;
                 which
                 generous
                 Carriage
                 wiped
                 off
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 ,
                 the
                 Infamy
                 of
                 Rebellion
                 ,
                 and
                 procured
                 him
                 Glory
                 .
                 One
                 great
                 Action
                 even
                 upon
                 a
                 forced
                 Death
                 ,
                 leaves
                 a
                 Luster
                 and
                 Repute
                 to
                 Life
                 .
                 As
                 has
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 time
                 ●appned
                 :
                 
                   Rodrigo
                   Calderon
                
                 ,
                 Marquiss
                 
                   de
                   Sievigl●sias
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   ●●ven
                   Churches
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 truly
                 Christian
                 Valour
                 and
                 He●●ick
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 whole
                 World's
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 turn
                 Envy
                 and
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 things
                 com●●on
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 into
                 Pity
                 and
                 Commenda●●●
                 .
                 None
                 are
                 delivered
                 from
                 violent
                 Casualties
                 by
                 
                 Timorousness
                 ,
                 nor
                 does
                 Confusion
                 any
                 way
                 lessen
                 Danger
                 ,
                 whereas
                 Resolution
                 either
                 overcomes
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 renders
                 it
                 illustrious
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 gather
                 what
                 Peril
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 from
                 the
                 Princes
                 Countenance
                 ,
                 as
                 Mariners
                 do
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 the
                 Tempest
                 from
                 that
                 of
                 their
                 Pilot.
                 For
                 that
                 Reason
                 ought
                 he
                 to
                 appear
                 equally
                 serene
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 least
                 Fear
                 dash
                 ,
                 or
                 Pride
                 exalt
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 judge
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Affairs
                 .
                 This
                 made
                 Tiberius
                 take
                 so
                 much
                 care
                 to
                 hide
                 every
                 unsuccessful
                 Accident
                 5
                 .
                 All
                 is
                 in
                 Disorder
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 the
                 Princes
                 Face
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 the
                 Tempests
                 which
                 threaten
                 the
                 Commons
                 are
                 discernible
                 .
                 To
                 change
                 Colour
                 at
                 every
                 Breath
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 betrays
                 a
                 light
                 Judgment
                 and
                 mean
                 Spirit
                 .
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 even
                 Look
                 ,
                 inspire
                 Subjects
                 with
                 Courage
                 ,
                 strike
                 Enemies
                 with
                 Admiration
                 .
                 All
                 Men
                 fix
                 their
                 Eyes
                 upon
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 see
                 Fear
                 there
                 ,
                 they
                 fear
                 .
                 Thus
                 't
                 was
                 with
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 at
                 
                 Otho's
                 Table
                 6
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 Fidelity
                 where
                 Fear
                 and
                 Distrust
                 find
                 Entertainment
                 7
                 .
                 Which
                 ,
                 however
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 understood
                 of
                 those
                 Cases
                 ,
                 wherein
                 it
                 is
                 convenient
                 to
                 dissemble
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 and
                 conceal
                 Calamities
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 others
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 publick
                 Expressions
                 of
                 Sadness
                 ,
                 don't
                 ill
                 become
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 manifests
                 his
                 Love
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 engages
                 their
                 Hearts
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 put
                 himself
                 in
                 Mourning
                 ,
                 and
                 express'd
                 his
                 Sorrow
                 for
                 the
                 Sacking
                 of
                 
                   Rome
                   .
                   David
                
                 upon
                 the
                 news
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Saul
                 and
                 
                   Ionathan
                   ,
                   took
                   hold
                   of
                   his
                   Cloaths
                   ,
                   and
                   rent
                   them
                
                 8
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 did
                 Ioshua
                 for
                 the
                 loss
                 received
                 by
                 the
                 Men
                 of
                 
                   Ai
                   ;
                   And
                   he
                   fell
                   to
                   the
                   Earth
                   before
                   the
                   Ark
                   of
                   the
                   Lord
                
                 9
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 what
                 can
                 be
                 more
                 just
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 a
                 common
                 Calamity
                 thus
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 God
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Rebellion
                 
                 willingly
                 to
                 receive
                 Good
                 only
                 at
                 God's
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 Evil
                 also
                 10
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 is
                 humble
                 under
                 Correction
                 ,
                 moves
                 to
                 Pardon
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 disputed
                 ,
                 whether
                 this
                 Steddiness
                 of
                 Mind
                 be
                 commendable
                 in
                 an
                 Inferior
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 needs
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 Potent
                 ;
                 the
                 Solution
                 of
                 which
                 Doubt
                 requires
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Distinction
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 under
                 Oppression
                 ,
                 and
                 craves
                 anothers
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 should
                 not
                 do
                 it
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 Cringing
                 and
                 Solicitude
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 make
                 his
                 Fortune
                 desperate
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 out
                 of
                 pure
                 Compassion
                 will
                 reach
                 his
                 Hand
                 to
                 a
                 Man
                 fallen
                 ,
                 or
                 undertake
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 one
                 that
                 has
                 already
                 abandon'd
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Affairs
                 .
                 
                 Pompey's
                 Cause
                 lost
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 in
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 Ptolomy
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 so
                 much
                 Submission
                 in
                 his
                 Ambassadors
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Cherusci
                 shewed
                 much
                 more
                 Courage
                 ,
                 when
                 upon
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 thinking
                 it
                 his
                 Interest
                 to
                 procure
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 He
                 
                   wrote
                   to
                   him
                   not
                   like
                   a
                   Fugitive
                   or
                   Beggar
                   ,
                   but
                   as
                   one
                   who
                   remembred
                   his
                   former
                   Fortune
                
                 11
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 Mithridates
                 les
                 Illustrious
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 overthrown
                 by
                 Eunon
                 ,
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Resolution
                 truly
                 Royal
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 thus
                 bespoke
                 him
                 ,
                 Mithri●ates
                 
                   so
                   many
                   Years
                   sought
                   by
                   the
                
                 Romans
                 
                   by
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land
                   ,
                   here
                   voluntarily
                   Surrenders
                   himself
                   ,
                   do
                   what
                   you
                   please
                   with
                   the
                   Off-spring
                   of
                   the
                   great
                
                 Achemenes
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   only
                   thing
                   my
                   Enemies
                   cannot
                   deprive
                   me
                   of
                
                 12
                 .
                 Which
                 Words
                 prevailed
                 with
                 Eunon
                 to
                 intercede
                 with
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Claudius
                 in
                 his
                 behalf
                 13
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 hath
                 faithfully
                 served
                 his
                 Prince
                 ,
                 speak
                 boldly
                 if
                 he
                 find
                 himself
                 injured
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Herman
                   Cortez
                
                 did
                 to
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ;
                 and
                 Segestes
                 to
                 Germanicus
                 14
                 .
                 In
                 other
                 Cases
                 prudence
                 should
                 examine
                 
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Things
                 themselves
                 ,
                 having
                 attentive
                 Respect
                 to
                 the
                 following
                 Maxims
                 .
                 That
                 a
                 Superior
                 takes
                 boldness
                 in
                 an
                 Inferior
                 for
                 an
                 Affront
                 ,
                 imagining
                 he
                 aspires
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 equal
                 ,
                 or
                 disparages
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 apt
                 to
                 slight
                 one
                 he
                 sees
                 too
                 abject
                 and
                 submissive
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 Tiberius
                 nominated
                 none
                 to
                 be
                 Senators
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 of
                 a
                 servile
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 such
                 Persons
                 were
                 necessary
                 for
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 yet
                 could
                 be
                 not
                 endure
                 that
                 Baseness
                 of
                 Mind
                 15
                 .
                 Thus
                 we
                 see
                 Princes
                 are
                 competent
                 Judges
                 of
                 every
                 ones
                 natural
                 Vigour
                 and
                 Alacrity
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 put
                 Affronts
                 upon
                 those
                 whom
                 they
                 know
                 will
                 take
                 them
                 .
                 Vitellius
                 had
                 not
                 took
                 the
                 liberty
                 to
                 keep
                 
                   Valerius
                   Maximus
                
                 so
                 long
                 from
                 the
                 Consulate
                 ,
                 which
                 Galba
                 had
                 conferr'd
                 on
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 thought
                 
                   his
                   meek
                   Temper
                   would
                   not
                   resent
                   the
                   Injury
                
                 16
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 a
                 resolute
                 kind
                 of
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 modest
                 Courage
                 will
                 be
                 highly
                 requisite
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 must
                 of
                 Necessity
                 be
                 ruined
                 ,
                 had
                 better
                 be
                 so
                 with
                 a
                 Mind
                 great
                 and
                 noble
                 ,
                 than
                 base
                 and
                 degenerous
                 .
                 This
                 
                   Marcus
                   Hortalus
                
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 when
                 Tiberius
                 refused
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 extremest
                 Necessity
                 17
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 more
                 powerful
                 denies
                 another
                 the
                 Honour
                 due
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 (
                 especially
                 in
                 Publick
                 Actions
                 )
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 adviseable
                 to
                 snatch
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 steal
                 ,
                 than
                 dispute
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 doubts
                 distrusts
                 his
                 Merit
                 ;
                 the
                 Dissembler
                 tacitly
                 owns
                 his
                 want
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 Modesty
                 is
                 afterwards
                 but
                 laugh'd
                 at
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 handsomely
                 assumes
                 the
                 Preference
                 due
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 easily
                 preserves
                 it
                 afterwards
                 .
                 Thus
                 it
                 happ'ned
                 once
                 to
                 the
                 German
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 who
                 seeing
                 those
                 of
                 such
                 Nations
                 as
                 surpassed
                 in
                 Valour
                 and
                 constant
                 Alliance
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 seated
                 among
                 the
                 Senators
                 in
                 
                 Pompey's
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   No
                   Men
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   were
                   preferable
                   to
                   the
                
                 Germans
                 
                 
                   for
                   Arms
                   and
                   Fidelity
                
                 18
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 took
                 Place
                 with
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 
                   every
                   one
                   being
                   taken
                   with
                   their
                   generous
                   Freedom
                   and
                   noble
                   Emulation
                
                 19
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 Favours
                 and
                 Gratuities
                 ,
                 which
                 depend
                 wholly
                 upon
                 the
                 Prince's
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 seem
                 due
                 to
                 Merit
                 or
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 the
                 Subject
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 murmur
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 rather
                 give
                 thanks
                 under
                 some
                 honest
                 Pretext
                 ,
                 following
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 some
                 Officers
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 displac'd
                 in
                 
                 Vitellius's
                 time
                 20
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 discreet
                 Courtier
                 usually
                 lets
                 acknowledgments
                 close
                 all
                 his
                 Discourse
                 with
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 This
                 piece
                 of
                 Prudence
                 Seneca
                 shewed
                 after
                 his
                 Conference
                 with
                 Nero
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Crimes
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 21
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 complains
                 ,
                 declares
                 he
                 has
                 been
                 ill
                 us'd
                 ;
                 and
                 Princes
                 have
                 very
                 little
                 Confidence
                 in
                 one
                 they
                 think
                 dissatisfied
                 ;
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 affecting
                 to
                 be
                 like
                 God
                 in
                 that
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 we
                 never
                 complain
                 in
                 our
                 Affliction
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 we
                 rather
                 give
                 thanks
                 for
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Accusations
                 also
                 Constancy
                 is
                 of
                 very
                 great
                 Consequence
                 ;
                 he
                 that
                 gives
                 way
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 makes
                 himself
                 a
                 Criminal
                 .
                 The
                 Innocent
                 Person
                 ,
                 who
                 disowns
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 does
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 plead
                 guilty
                 .
                 A
                 good
                 Conscience
                 arm'd
                 with
                 Truth
                 ,
                 triumphs
                 over
                 Envy
                 :
                 If
                 that
                 be
                 degenerate
                 and
                 resist
                 not
                 the
                 Stream
                 of
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 their
                 Waves
                 will
                 overwhelm
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 River
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 its
                 Current
                 throws
                 down
                 the
                 weaker
                 Trees
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 deeply
                 rooted
                 stand
                 immoveable
                 .
                 All
                 
                 Sej●nus's
                 Favourites
                 fell
                 with
                 his
                 Fortune
                 ;
                 
                   Marcus
                   Terentius
                
                 alone
                 ,
                 who
                 couragiously
                 acknowledge
                 he
                 had
                 courted
                 and
                 esteem●d
                 his
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 procured
                 him
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                 Tiberius
                 ●
                 Favour
                 ,
                 was
                 acquitted
                 22
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Evidences
                 either
                 banished
                 or
                 
                 executed
                 .
                 In
                 some
                 Cases
                 this
                 firm
                 assurance
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 Innocence
                 defend
                 not
                 it self
                 by
                 Excuses
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 betraying
                 Timorousness
                 ;
                 nor
                 good
                 Services
                 be
                 taken
                 Notice
                 of
                 ,
                 least
                 they
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 upbraided
                 .
                 Thus
                 Agrippina
                 did
                 when
                 accused
                 of
                 having
                 procured
                 Plautus
                 the
                 Empire
                 23
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 should
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Person
                 only
                 be
                 a
                 Looking-Glass
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 shew
                 himself
                 such
                 by
                 his
                 State
                 also
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 his
                 Picture
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 that
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 Person
                 ,
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Justice
                 ,
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Imperial
                 Virtues
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 conspicuous
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 Councils
                 ,
                 Seats
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 Courts
                 of
                 Chancery
                 ,
                 are
                 Parts
                 of
                 this
                 Glass
                 ,
                 in
                 them
                 the
                 same
                 Qualities
                 should
                 be
                 found
                 as
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 particular
                 Ministers
                 who
                 represent
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 very
                 much
                 lessens
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Reputation
                 to
                 appear
                 favourable
                 to
                 every
                 Pretender
                 to
                 dismiss
                 them
                 with
                 fair
                 Promises
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Incouragement
                 to
                 their
                 Hopes
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 put
                 off
                 his
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 to
                 deter
                 them
                 by
                 rough
                 Usage
                 from
                 pursuing
                 their
                 Petitions
                 .
                 An
                 Artifice
                 that
                 will
                 soon
                 discover
                 it self
                 to
                 be
                 unworthy
                 a
                 Generous
                 and
                 Royal
                 Breast
                 .
                 The
                 Minister
                 is
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 publick
                 Coin
                 ,
                 stamp'd
                 with
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Image
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 except
                 it
                 be
                 of
                 good
                 Allay
                 ,
                 and
                 represent
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Life
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 refused
                 as
                 Counterfeit
                 24
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 which
                 Governs
                 ,
                 be
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 the
                 Hands
                 also
                 which
                 serve
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 too
                 ;
                 as
                 were
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Spouse
                 in
                 the
                 Holy
                 Scripture
                 25
                 .
              
               
                 Farther
                 ,
                 Ambassadors
                 are
                 also
                 principal
                 Parts
                 of
                 this
                 Glass
                 ,
                 as
                 Persons
                 in
                 whom
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Authority
                 is
                 lodged
                 .
                 And
                 certainly
                 it
                 would
                 infinitely
                 prejudice
                 the
                 Publick
                 Faith
                 to
                 have
                 his
                 Words
                 and
                 Veracity
                 not
                 found
                 in
                 these
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Lieutenants
                 of
                 his
                 
                 Power
                 and
                 Courage
                 ,
                 so
                 ought
                 they
                 on
                 all
                 Occasions
                 to
                 manifest
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 were
                 present
                 in
                 Person
                 .
                 Thus
                 did
                 
                   Anthony
                   Fonseca
                
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 proposed
                 to
                 Charles
                 the
                 Eighth
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Catholick
                 Majestys
                 Name
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 invaded
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 judicially
                 determin'd
                 whose
                 Title
                 was
                 best
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 nothing
                 ;
                 with
                 singular
                 freedom
                 of
                 Mind
                 he
                 openly
                 declared
                 his
                 King
                 had
                 now
                 satisfied
                 his
                 Conscience
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 liberty
                 to
                 take
                 which
                 side
                 he
                 thought
                 most
                 just
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 Council
                 ,
                 broke
                 the
                 Treaties
                 of
                 Peace
                 before
                 made
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Crowns
                 .
                 As
                 the
                 Minister
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 furnished
                 with
                 his
                 Prince's
                 Maxims
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 should
                 he
                 be
                 with
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 Valour
                 and
                 Magnanimity
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXXIV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 WHoever
                 looks
                 on
                 the
                 Thorns
                 and
                 Prickles
                 of
                 the
                 Rose●
                 Tree
                 ,
                 will
                 hardly
                 be
                 perswaded
                 a
                 Daughter
                 so
                 beautiful
                 as
                 the
                 Rose
                 could
                 proceed
                 from
                 so
                 deform'd
                 a
                 Mother
                 .
                 One
                 had
                 need
                 be
                 indued
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Measure
                 of
                 Faith
                 to
                 water
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 wait
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 cloathed
                 with
                 Verdure
                 ,
                 and
                 blossom
                 into
                 that
                 wonderful
                 pomp
                 of
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 of
                 so
                 delicate
                 a
                 Smell
                 .
                 Yet
                 by
                 Patience
                 and
                 long
                 Expectation
                 ,
                 we
                 at
                 length
                 find
                 the
                 labour
                 not
                 lost
                 ,
                 nor
                 that
                 Care
                 ill
                 imployed
                 which
                 has
                 produced
                 such
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Fragrancy
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 Branches
                 of
                 Virtue
                 are
                 harsh
                 and
                 thorny
                 to
                 our
                 depraved
                 Nature
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 its
                 Flower
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 begins
                 to
                 Bloom
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 the
                 first
                 sight
                 of
                 things
                 discourage
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 outside
                 of
                 very
                 few
                 in
                 Government
                 are
                 pleasant
                 ;
                 they
                 all
                 seem
                 full
                 of
                 Thorns
                 
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 but
                 Experience
                 has
                 found
                 many
                 easy
                 which
                 appeared
                 much
                 otherwise
                 to
                 Sloth
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 disheartned
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 lightly
                 yielding
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 be
                 overcome
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Apprehension
                 rather
                 than
                 any
                 thing
                 real
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 endure
                 with
                 Courage
                 and
                 Hope
                 ,
                 with
                 Patience
                 and
                 Perseverance
                 ,
                 still
                 keeping
                 the
                 means
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 hopes
                 has
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 faithful
                 Companion
                 on
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 Time.
                 Whence
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 used
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   and
                   Time
                   against
                   any
                   two
                   .
                
                 Precipitation
                 is
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 Madness
                 ,
                 and
                 generally
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 great
                 Perils
                 .
                 Theobald
                 ,
                 Earl
                 of
                 Champagne
                 ,
                 put
                 his
                 Succession
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Navarre
                 ,
                 very
                 much
                 in
                 Question
                 ,
                 by
                 not
                 having
                 patience
                 to
                 wait
                 for
                 his
                 Uncle
                 ,
                 King
                 
                 Sancho's
                 Death
                 ,
                 but
                 underhand
                 conspiring
                 with
                 the
                 Nobles
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 his
                 Life-time
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 put
                 Sancho
                 upon
                 adopting
                 Iames
                 the
                 First
                 of
                 Arrag●n
                 ,
                 his
                 Heir
                 .
                 Patience
                 obtains
                 many
                 Trophies
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 
                 Scipio's
                 Excellency
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 infinite
                 occasions
                 of
                 Displeasure
                 ,
                 was
                 yet
                 so
                 patient
                 ,
                 
                   as
                   never
                   to
                   let
                   ●
                   passionate
                   Word
                   fall
                   from
                   him
                
                 1
                 ,
                 which
                 thing
                 gave
                 sucess
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Designs
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 suffers
                 with
                 Expectation
                 ,
                 vanquishes
                 the
                 slights
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 obliges
                 her
                 to
                 take
                 his
                 Part
                 ,
                 that
                 Confidence
                 among
                 all
                 her
                 Vicissi●●des
                 like
                 Flattery
                 winning
                 upon
                 her
                 .
                 Columbus
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 great
                 hazard
                 ,
                 exposes
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Ocean
                 's
                 incertain
                 Waves
                 ,
                 in
                 quest
                 of
                 new
                 Countries
                 .
                 Neither
                 
                 H●rcule's
                 
                   Ne
                   plus
                   ultra
                
                 ,
                 at
                 Caspe
                 and
                 Abyla
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Waters
                 ,
                 that
                 seem
                 to
                 oppose
                 his
                 Enterprize
                 deter
                 him
                 from
                 it
                 ;
                 he
                 by
                 Sailing
                 tells
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Steps
                 ,
                 and
                 steals
                 from
                 the
                 Year
                 its
                 Days
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Days
                 their
                 Hours
                 ;
                 his
                 Needle
                 wants
                 the
                 Pole
                 ,
                 his
                 Charts
                 the
                 lines
                 ,
                 his
                 Companions
                 patience
                 ;
                 all
                 things
                 conspire
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 Hope
                 and
                 Patience
                 rub
                 through
                 all
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 a
                 new
                 World
                 recompences
                 his
                 invincible
                 Constancy
                 .
                 
                   Ferendum
                   &
                   Sperandum
                
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 saying
                 of
                 Empedocles
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                 
                 Macrinus's
                 Motto
                 ,
                 whence
                 that
                 of
                 this
                 Emblem
                 is
                 borrowed
                 .
                 Some
                 Dangers
                 are
                 more
                 easy
                 to
                 surmount
                 than
                 avoid
                 :
                 As
                 Agathocles
                 well
                 knew
                 ,
                 when
                 being
                 beaten
                 ,
                 and
                 besieged
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 basely
                 Surrender
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 leaving
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 marched
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 who
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 victorious
                 in
                 one
                 War
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 double
                 Triumph
                 .
                 Rashness
                 frequently
                 overcomes
                 a
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 despising
                 it
                 often
                 confounds
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
                 When
                 Hannibal
                 saw
                 the
                 Romans
                 after
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Cannae
                 send
                 Succours
                 into
                 Spain
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 fear
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Strength
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 ought
                 to
                 trust
                 Prosperity
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 or
                 despair
                 in
                 Adversity
                 .
                 Fortune
                 lies
                 between
                 both
                 ,
                 as
                 ready
                 to
                 advance
                 as
                 depress
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 keep
                 in
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 a
                 Constancy
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 prepared
                 to
                 encounter
                 any
                 Accident
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 suffer
                 the
                 Threats
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Tempest
                 to
                 disturb
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Waves
                 have
                 cast
                 a
                 Man
                 out
                 of
                 one
                 Ship
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 wreck'd
                 ,
                 into
                 another
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 saved
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 and
                 generous
                 Soul
                 Heaven
                 it self
                 favours
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 the
                 Prince
                 rashly
                 despair
                 for
                 anothers
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 or
                 those
                 which
                 Chance
                 brings
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 
                   He
                   that
                   observeth
                   the
                   Wind
                   shall
                   not
                   sow
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   that
                   regardeth
                   the
                   Clouds
                   shall
                   not
                   reap
                
                 2
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 imagine
                 he
                 obliges
                 any
                 one
                 by
                 his
                 Afflictions
                 .
                 Tears
                 are
                 Womanish
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 Fortune
                 appeased
                 with
                 such
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 Soul
                 endeavours
                 to
                 give
                 it self
                 Satisfaction
                 or
                 Comfort
                 by
                 some
                 heroick
                 and
                 generous
                 Action
                 :
                 Thus
                 Agricola
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 his
                 Son's
                 Death
                 ,
                 
                   took
                   not
                   the
                   Accident
                   as
                   generally
                   Men
                   do
                   ,
                   ambitiously
                   ;
                   nor
                   in
                   Tears
                   like
                   Women
                   ;
                   but
                   by
                   War
                   diverted
                   his
                   Grief
                
                 3
                 .
                 To
                 be
                 wholly
                 insensible
                 ,
                 is
                 either
                 Vain-glory
                 ,
                 or
                 Excess
                 of
                 Consternation
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 suing
                 for
                 Offices
                 and
                 Honours
                 ,
                 the
                 Design
                 of
                 this
                 Emblem
                 is
                 very
                 useful
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 can
                 bear
                 and
                 hope
                 ,
                 knows
                 how
                 to
                 get
                 the
                 better
                 of
                 his
                 Fortune
                 .
                 Whereas
                 one
                 that
                 impatient
                 of
                 delay
                 ,
                 thinks
                 it
                 base
                 to
                 be
                 beholding
                 and
                 submit
                 ,
                 shall
                 be
                 despised
                 and
                 abandon'd
                 by
                 the
                 whole
                 World.
                 To
                 look
                 on
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 point
                 of
                 Honour
                 not
                 to
                 obey
                 any
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 command
                 none
                 .
                 The
                 means
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 measured
                 by
                 the
                 end
                 ;
                 if
                 in
                 obtaining
                 this
                 there
                 be
                 more
                 Honour
                 got
                 ,
                 than
                 is
                 lost
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 certainly
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 .
                 Impatience
                 of
                 Sufferings
                 we
                 take
                 for
                 Generosity
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 imprudent
                 Haughtiness
                 .
                 Honour
                 once
                 attain'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Tracks
                 made
                 in
                 ascending
                 them
                 ,
                 presently
                 wear
                 out
                 .
                 To
                 endure
                 much
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Advancement
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 base
                 Degeneracy
                 ,
                 but
                 extraordinary
                 Strength
                 of
                 a
                 Mind
                 elevated
                 and
                 aspiring
                 .
                 Some
                 Tempers
                 there
                 are
                 which
                 can't
                 abide
                 to
                 wait
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 have
                 all
                 things
                 ended
                 in
                 a
                 Moment
                 ;
                 desiring
                 now
                 to
                 exceed
                 their
                 Equals
                 ,
                 by
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Superiors
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 ,
                 even
                 their
                 own
                 Hopes
                 .
                 These
                 hurried
                 by
                 this
                 Violence
                 of
                 Ambition
                 despise
                 the
                 most
                 secure
                 means
                 as
                 slow
                 ,
                 and
                 choose
                 to
                 employ
                 the
                 shortest
                 ,
                 though
                 most
                 hazardous
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 usually
                 fares
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 Buildings
                 raised
                 in
                 haste
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Materials
                 have
                 had
                 time
                 to
                 dry
                 and
                 settle
                 ,
                 which
                 immediately
                 fall
                 down
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Master-piece
                 of
                 Government
                 consists
                 in
                 hoping
                 and
                 enduring
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 only
                 means
                 to
                 do
                 things
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 nothing
                 can
                 possibly
                 come
                 to
                 maturity
                 .
                 Trees
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 Springs
                 first
                 warmth
                 bear
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 soon
                 lose
                 them
                 for
                 not
                 waiting
                 till
                 the
                 Winters
                 cold
                 was
                 quite
                 gone
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 ripen
                 Affairs
                 with
                 the
                 Hand
                 ,
                 cannot
                 have
                 the
                 Satisfaction
                 of
                 tasting
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Impatience
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 Miscarriages
                 and
                 Dangers
                 4
                 ;
                 it
                 creates
                 Peri●s
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 being
                 uneasy
                 under
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 hasty
                 to
                 escape
                 ,
                 we
                 augment
                 .
                 Therefore
                 for
                 those
                 Evils
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 Internal
                 as
                 External
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 by
                 our
                 negligence
                 
                 been
                 increas'd
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 take
                 their
                 Course
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 sensibly
                 cured
                 by
                 Time
                 ,
                 than
                 precipitate
                 a
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 wherein
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 Danger
                 .
                 If
                 before
                 we
                 could
                 not
                 foresee
                 and
                 prevent
                 ;
                 at
                 least
                 let
                 us
                 learn
                 to
                 bear
                 them
                 after
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 increas'd
                 by
                 Opposition
                 .
                 A
                 Danger
                 conceal'd
                 or
                 not
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 thereby
                 becomes
                 publick
                 ,
                 and
                 lays
                 greater
                 Impediments
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 who
                 thought
                 to
                 stop
                 it
                 .
                 Fear
                 imprudently
                 arm'd
                 against
                 a
                 Superior
                 Power
                 ,
                 does
                 but
                 find
                 it
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 it
                 more
                 powerful
                 by
                 the
                 Addition
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 Spoils
                 .
                 This
                 Method
                 Cerealis
                 took
                 to
                 compose
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 Treves
                 ,
                 least
                 they
                 should
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   A
                   Fabrick
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   was
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   been
                   the
                   Product
                   of
                   Eight
                   hundred
                   years
                   Success
                   and
                   Industry
                   ,
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   pull'd
                   down
                   ,
                   but
                   its
                   Ruin
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   bury
                   the
                   Authors
                   of
                   it
                
                 5
                 .
                 Many
                 things
                 would
                 not
                 succeed
                 so
                 ill
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 our
                 Fear
                 and
                 Imagination
                 act
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 Precipitation
                 .
                 Apprehension
                 and
                 Jealousy
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 when
                 once
                 discovered
                 ,
                 make
                 it
                 begin
                 to
                 be
                 really
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 before
                 .
                 Whence
                 in
                 such
                 like
                 Cases
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 no
                 less
                 Courage
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 dissemble
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 rash
                 in
                 remedying
                 .
                 The
                 former
                 is
                 the
                 genuine
                 Effect
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 this
                 generally
                 the
                 Result
                 of
                 Fear
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXXV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 closer
                 the
                 Breath
                 is
                 pressed
                 in
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 Harmony
                 and
                 Variety
                 it
                 goes
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 thus
                 't
                 is
                 with
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 never
                 more
                 clear
                 and
                 harmonious
                 than
                 when
                 suppressed
                 by
                 Malice
                 1
                 .
                 The
                 Flame
                 of
                 Valour
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Wind
                 of
                 Adversity
                 don't
                 revive
                 it
                 ;
                 that
                 awakens
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 it
                 look
                 about
                 for
                 means
                 to
                 amend
                 it
                 .
                 Happiness
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Rose
                 ,
                 grows
                 out
                 of
                 Thorns
                 and
                 Miseries
                 .
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 was
                 vanquish●d
                 and
                 taken
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-fight
                 with
                 the
                 Genoeze
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 all
                 probability
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 retard
                 his
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 very
                 thing
                 that
                 furthered
                 
                 it
                 with
                 greater
                 Happiness
                 and
                 Power
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 making
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Philip
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 who
                 retain'd
                 him
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 he
                 obtain'd
                 both
                 his
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 Forces
                 for
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Necessity
                 compell'd
                 him
                 to
                 get
                 his
                 Host
                 of
                 his
                 side
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 lives
                 to
                 himself
                 alone
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Adversity
                 for
                 himself
                 and
                 others
                 .
                 Those
                 disclose
                 the
                 Passions
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 forgetful
                 of
                 it self
                 :
                 Whereas
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 it
                 learns
                 Caution
                 ,
                 and
                 arms
                 it self
                 with
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 as
                 means
                 to
                 attain
                 real
                 and
                 lasting
                 Happiness
                 2
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 easier
                 to
                 escape
                 bad
                 ,
                 than
                 be
                 continued
                 in
                 good
                 Fortune
                 .
                 In
                 Prison
                 first
                 appeared
                 
                 Alphonso's
                 extraordinary
                 Endowments
                 and
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 which
                 till
                 then
                 had
                 lain
                 hid
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 charm'd
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 was
                 ambitious
                 of
                 his
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 these
                 Obligations
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 obtain'd
                 more
                 by
                 losing
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 than
                 he
                 could
                 have
                 expected
                 had
                 he
                 been
                 Victor
                 .
                 Fortune
                 sports
                 between
                 Extreams
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 delight
                 in
                 shewing
                 her
                 Power
                 ,
                 in
                 skipping
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Virtue
                 but
                 will
                 shine
                 in
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 as
                 no
                 Star
                 but
                 sparkles
                 with
                 greatest
                 Lustre
                 in
                 the
                 darkest
                 Night
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 weight
                 shews
                 the
                 Palm's
                 Strength
                 when
                 this
                 is
                 raised
                 higher
                 under
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Rose
                 preserves
                 its
                 Leaves
                 longer
                 fresh
                 among
                 Nettles
                 than
                 Flowers
                 .
                 Did
                 not
                 Virtue
                 exert
                 it self
                 in
                 Adversity
                 too
                 ;
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 deserve
                 Victories
                 or
                 Truimphs
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 its
                 Property
                 to
                 Conquer
                 by
                 suffering
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 evidently
                 appears
                 ,
                 how
                 impious
                 the
                 Error
                 (
                 confuted
                 by
                 us
                 in
                 another
                 place
                 )
                 of
                 those
                 is
                 ,
                 who
                 advise
                 the
                 Prince
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 bigotted
                 to
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 comply
                 with
                 Vice
                 when
                 necessity
                 shall
                 require
                 ;
                 a
                 time
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 ought
                 more
                 particularly
                 to
                 approve
                 himself
                 constant
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 with
                 greater
                 hopes
                 of
                 Success
                 :
                 As
                 it
                 usually
                 happned
                 to
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Second
                 of
                 Blessed
                 Memory
                 ;
                 who
                 in
                 his
                 greatest
                 Dangers
                 would
                 resolutely
                 affirm
                 ,
                 
                   He
                   'd
                   rather
                   
                   lose
                   the
                   Empire
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   he
                   had
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   his
                   whole
                   Family
                   beg
                   from
                   Door
                   to
                   Door
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   commit
                   an
                   unjust
                   thing
                   to
                   maintain
                   his
                   Grandeur
                   .
                
                 Words
                 truly
                 worthy
                 so
                 Pious
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 whose
                 exemplary
                 Piety
                 and
                 Faith
                 were
                 so
                 acceptable
                 to
                 God
                 Almighty
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 vouchsafed
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Imperial
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 and
                 perform
                 his
                 Office
                 here
                 on
                 Earth
                 ,
                 giving
                 him
                 several
                 signal
                 and
                 miraculous
                 Victories
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 greatest
                 Dangers
                 and
                 Distresses
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 hope
                 fail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 humane
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Valour
                 were
                 destitute
                 of
                 means
                 ,
                 he
                 always
                 came
                 off
                 with
                 most
                 Success
                 and
                 greatest
                 Triumph
                 .
                 The
                 Roman
                 Emperors
                 of
                 old
                 lived
                 in
                 Affluence
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Delights
                 ,
                 yet
                 were
                 tyrannized
                 over
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Passions
                 ,
                 and
                 rack'd
                 by
                 a
                 thousand
                 Fears
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Pious
                 Hero
                 found
                 Repose
                 and
                 Tranquility
                 of
                 Mind
                 amidst
                 the
                 raging
                 Tempests
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 Rebels
                 raised
                 against
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 August
                 House
                 The
                 just
                 sings
                 amidst
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 wicked
                 Man
                 weeps
                 in
                 his
                 Impiety
                 .
                 Thus
                 the
                 fiery
                 Furnace
                 was
                 as
                 a
                 Choire
                 to
                 the
                 three
                 Children
                 3
                 .
                 Miseries
                 and
                 Hardships
                 are
                 attended
                 with
                 great
                 Advantages
                 ;
                 they
                 correct
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Pride
                 ,
                 and
                 reduce
                 him
                 to
                 Reason
                 ;
                 with
                 what
                 fury
                 does
                 the
                 Wind
                 sometimes
                 storm
                 ?
                 How
                 arrogantly
                 does
                 the
                 Sea
                 swell
                 and
                 rage
                 ,
                 its
                 foaming
                 Billows
                 like
                 Mountains
                 threatning
                 Heaven
                 and
                 Earth
                 !
                 And
                 yet
                 a
                 small
                 Shower
                 composes
                 and
                 calms
                 it
                 .
                 Thus
                 Misfortunes
                 raining
                 from
                 Heaven
                 allay
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Pride
                 and
                 Presumption
                 .
                 They
                 make
                 a
                 just
                 Governor
                 of
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 careless
                 and
                 negligent
                 of
                 his
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 one
                 careful
                 and
                 circumspect
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 then
                 even
                 Necessity
                 obliges
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 Care
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 to
                 esteem
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 honour
                 Valour
                 ,
                 do
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 respect
                 Religion
                 .
                 Power
                 is
                 never
                 in
                 greater
                 Danger
                 than
                 when
                 all
                 things
                 flow
                 prosperously
                 .
                 For
                 Cares
                 being
                 then
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 too
                 much
                 Security
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 stifle
                 Counsel
                 and
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Ease
                 and
                 Idleness
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 more
                 Princes
                 than
                 Labour
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 with
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 are
                 kept
                 in
                 Vigor
                 by
                 Motion
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 they
                 languish
                 and
                 decay
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 appears
                 farther
                 ,
                 how
                 erroneous
                 we
                 are
                 in
                 our
                 Judgments
                 of
                 Good
                 and
                 Evil
                 ,
                 scarce
                 ever
                 knowing
                 what
                 is
                 most
                 for
                 our
                 Advantage
                 .
                 Adversity
                 we
                 look
                 on
                 as
                 Rigour
                 and
                 Cha●fisement
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 really
                 Warning
                 and
                 Instruction
                 .
                 The
                 Present
                 of
                 Ear-rings
                 and
                 a
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 which
                 
                 Iob's
                 Friends
                 and
                 Relations
                 made
                 him
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 intimate
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 endure
                 all
                 things
                 with
                 a
                 patient
                 ,
                 even
                 Temper
                 4
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 those
                 Afflictions
                 were
                 precious
                 Admonitions
                 of
                 God
                 whisper'd
                 in
                 his
                 Ear.
                 God's
                 afflicting
                 us
                 sometimes
                 is
                 wonderful
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 his
                 Recompences
                 are
                 Punishments
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 these
                 he
                 clears
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Bill
                 of
                 our
                 Debts
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 paying
                 for
                 some
                 of
                 our
                 Merits
                 ,
                 remains
                 Creditor
                 to
                 our
                 Offences
                 ;
                 whereas
                 by
                 afflicting
                 us
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 once
                 pays
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 excites
                 us
                 to
                 Amendment
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXXVI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 expert
                 and
                 prudent
                 Seaman
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 carried
                 at
                 the
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 the
                 Wind
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 by
                 〈◊〉
                 Benefit
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 so
                 disposes
                 the
                 Sails
                 of
                 his
                 Ship
                 ,
                 that
                 〈◊〉
                 arrives
                 at
                 the
                 desired
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Wind
                 〈◊〉
                 at
                 which
                 he
                 pleases
                 of
                 two
                 opposite
                 Shores
                 ,
                 with●●
                 endangering
                 his
                 Voyage
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Heaven
                 's
                 calm
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Sails
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 he
                 out
                 strips
                 even
                 the
                 Wind
                 it self
                 .
                 With
                 no
                 less
                 〈◊〉
                 and
                 Diligence
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 Steer
                 the
                 Vessel
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 State
                 in
                 the
                 tempestuous
                 Sea
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 so
                 atten●●vely
                 observing
                 all
                 Storms
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 with
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Valour
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 their
                 time
                 and
                 place
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 a
                 Pilot
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 Conduct
                 the
                 Life
                 and
                 Safety
                 of
                 all
                 is
                 committed
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 any
                 Ship
                 more
                 hazardous
                 than
                 a
                 Crown
                 exposed
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 Winds
                 of
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 
                 so
                 many
                 Rocks
                 of
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 Storms
                 of
                 People
                 .
                 King
                 Sancho
                 the
                 Brave
                 needed
                 all
                 his
                 Industry
                 to
                 arm
                 himself
                 against
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 secure
                 the
                 Right
                 of
                 his
                 Crown
                 .
                 Almost
                 the
                 whole
                 Science
                 of
                 Politicks
                 consists
                 in
                 knowing
                 how
                 to
                 discern
                 Times
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 A
                 Storm
                 sometimes
                 bringing
                 a
                 Ship
                 sooner
                 into
                 Harbour
                 than
                 a
                 Calm
                 .
                 He
                 ,
                 who
                 can
                 break
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 ill
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 renders
                 it
                 favourable
                 ;
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 knowing
                 a
                 Danger
                 yields
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 it
                 time
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 surmounts
                 it
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Sailor
                 finds
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 contending
                 with
                 the
                 Billows
                 ,
                 he
                 strikes
                 Sail
                 and
                 abandons
                 himself
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 his
                 Resistance
                 would
                 rather
                 add
                 force
                 to
                 the
                 Wind
                 ,
                 uses
                 some
                 narrow
                 Creek
                 to
                 rest
                 his
                 Ship
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 shelter
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Waves
                 .
                 Something
                 must
                 be
                 granted
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 if
                 one
                 would
                 escape
                 them
                 .
                 Iames
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 was
                 sensible
                 of
                 the
                 Aversion
                 his
                 Nobl●s
                 and
                 People
                 had
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 convenient
                 to
                 increase
                 their
                 Fury
                 by
                 an
                 untimely
                 Opposition
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 time
                 to
                 sink
                 of
                 it self
                 ;
                 as
                 Rivers
                 do
                 ,
                 whose
                 Waters
                 in
                 a
                 Tempest
                 swell
                 and
                 overflow
                 their
                 Banks
                 ,
                 voluntarily
                 suffer'd
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 play'd
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 imprisoned
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 restored
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Calmness
                 and
                 Tranquility
                 ,
                 and
                 reinstated
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Throne
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 discreet
                 Moderation
                 Queen
                 Mary
                 used
                 ,
                 when
                 by
                 siding
                 with
                 the
                 Grandees
                 ,
                 and
                 satisfying
                 their
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 she
                 preserved
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 Minority
                 of
                 her
                 Son.
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Fourth
                 †
                 .
                 Did
                 the
                 Sailor
                 think
                 it
                 a
                 dishonour
                 to
                 yield
                 to
                 a
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 resolved
                 with
                 Sails
                 and
                 Oars
                 to
                 withstand
                 it
                 ,
                 his
                 Ruin
                 would
                 be
                 inevitable
                 .
                 Constancy
                 consists
                 not
                 in
                 unseasonable
                 struggling
                 ,
                 b●●
                 in
                 hoping
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 enduring
                 Danger
                 ,
                 without
                 letting
                 Fortune
                 get
                 the
                 upper
                 hand
                 of
                 one
                 .
                 In
                 such
                 Cases
                 the
                 Glory
                 is
                 to
                 escape
                 safe
                 .
                 What
                 seems
                 Baseness
                 of
                 Mind
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 afterwards
                 Magnanimity
                 crown'd
                 with
                 Success
                 .
                 When
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 saw
                 himself
                 
                 deprived
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 putting
                 his
                 whole
                 Confidence
                 in
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                 Morocco's
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 made
                 no
                 difficulty
                 to
                 beg
                 of
                 
                   Alphonso
                   de
                   Guzman
                
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 St.
                 
                   Lucar
                   de
                   Barameda
                
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 some
                 Disgust
                 had
                 retired
                 to
                 that
                 Prince's
                 Court
                 ,
                 that
                 forgetting
                 all
                 former
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 and
                 remembring
                 their
                 ancient
                 Amity
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 stand
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Instrument
                 of
                 that
                 King
                 's
                 supplying
                 him
                 with
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 .
                 Which
                 Letters
                 are
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 kept
                 in
                 that
                 most
                 Illustrious
                 and
                 Ancient
                 House
                 .
              
               
                 Nevertheless
                 Kings
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 yield
                 to
                 their
                 Subjects
                 violence
                 ,
                 unless
                 in
                 Cases
                 of
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 very
                 little
                 consults
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 who
                 debases
                 himself
                 by
                 too
                 much
                 Condescention
                 .
                 The
                 dishonourable
                 Terms
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Holy
                 ,
                 constrain'd
                 by
                 his
                 Non-age
                 ,
                 made
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Zara
                 ,
                 no
                 way
                 appeased
                 them
                 .
                 Nor
                 could
                 Isabella
                 reclaim
                 
                   Alphonso
                   Carillo
                
                 ,
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 though
                 she
                 honour'd
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 Visit
                 at
                 Alcala
                 .
                 I
                 confess
                 in
                 desperate
                 Cases
                 ,
                 prudence
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 try
                 all
                 ways
                 that
                 Chance
                 can
                 render
                 possible
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 great
                 Courage
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 on
                 Occasions
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 to
                 restrain
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 weigh
                 the
                 present
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 and
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Danger
                 against
                 such
                 means
                 as
                 may
                 contribute
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 's
                 Preservation
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 was
                 ever
                 more
                 Jealous
                 of
                 his
                 Grandeu●
                 than
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 dissembled
                 the
                 Boldn●s●
                 of
                 
                   Lentulus
                   Germanicus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 German
                 Legions
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 audacious
                 as
                 to
                 write
                 to
                 him
                 with
                 Threats
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 send
                 him
                 a
                 Successor
                 ,
                 covenanting
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 to
                 let
                 his
                 Prince
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 provided
                 he
                 were
                 continued
                 in
                 his
                 Province
                 1
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 ,
                 who
                 could
                 not
                 put
                 up
                 the
                 Emulation
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 took
                 this
                 slight
                 patiently
                 .
                 Not
                 but
                 he
                 knew
                 the
                 ill
                 Consequence
                 of
                 letting
                 such
                 Disobedience
                 go
                 unpunished
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 opposed
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 consider'd
                 he
                 should
                 incurr
                 the
                 publick
                 Odium
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 now
                 in
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 State
                 where
                 
                 his
                 Affairs
                 depended
                 more
                 upon
                 Reputation
                 than
                 Strength
                 .
                 Subjects
                 would
                 be
                 little
                 beholding
                 to
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 who
                 governs
                 them
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 presently
                 in
                 ill
                 Fortune
                 submit
                 to
                 Necessity
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 as
                 little
                 to
                 his
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 if
                 when
                 that
                 Fortune
                 can't
                 be
                 overcome
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 however
                 withstand
                 it
                 .
                 Courage
                 should
                 be
                 moderated
                 by
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Address
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 cannot
                 be
                 effected
                 by
                 Strength
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Work
                 of
                 Art
                 and
                 Industry
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 glorious
                 to
                 avoid
                 than
                 to
                 surmount
                 a
                 Danger
                 .
                 To
                 fly
                 it
                 always
                 is
                 Sloth
                 ;
                 to
                 expect
                 ,
                 Ignorance
                 or
                 Surprize
                 ;
                 to
                 despair
                 Cowardice
                 .
                 Men
                 of
                 Courage
                 make
                 Head
                 against
                 Fortune
                 her self
                 .
                 The
                 Prince●s
                 Duty
                 and
                 End
                 is
                 not
                 lightly
                 to
                 contest
                 with
                 his
                 State
                 upon
                 the
                 Billows
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 conduct
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Haven
                 of
                 Preservation
                 and
                 Safety
                 .
                 That
                 is
                 esteemed
                 valiant
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 which
                 draws
                 Benefit
                 out
                 of
                 Adversity
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 by
                 struggling
                 compasses
                 its
                 Ends
                 sooner
                 .
                 Kings
                 ,
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 Times
                 and
                 Things
                 ,
                 are
                 always
                 followed
                 ,
                 never
                 led
                 by
                 them
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 Building
                 ,
                 but
                 whose
                 Ruins
                 ,
                 with
                 what
                 Addition
                 Industry
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 make
                 ,
                 may
                 Erect
                 a
                 more
                 stately
                 Fabrick
                 :
                 Nor
                 any
                 State
                 so
                 intirely
                 abandon'd
                 by
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 that
                 Valour
                 cannot
                 preserve
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 advance
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 consult
                 Prudence
                 upon
                 Events
                 ,
                 and
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 right
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 turn
                 them
                 to
                 its
                 Advantage
                 .
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 and
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Twelfth
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 had
                 divided
                 between
                 them
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 Captain
                 knowing
                 the
                 Circle
                 of
                 a
                 Crown
                 to
                 have
                 but
                 one
                 Center
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Empire
                 admits
                 of
                 no
                 Companion
                 ,
                 endeavoured
                 immediately
                 to
                 get
                 his
                 Master's
                 Share
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 ;
                 that
                 in
                 Cafe
                 of
                 after
                 Disputes
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 foresaw
                 would
                 arise
                 between
                 those
                 two
                 Kings
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 at
                 leasure
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 them
                 afterwards
                 to
                 disposses
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 of
                 his
                 Part
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Effect
                 it
                 happned
                 .
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 have
                 some
                 force
                 ;
                 but
                 we
                 increase
                 or
                 diminish
                 them
                 according
                 to
                 our
                 Carriage
                 under
                 them
                 .
                 Our
                 Ignorance
                 gives
                 Divinity
                 and
                 Power
                 to
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 
                 we
                 lightly
                 resign
                 our selves
                 to
                 her
                 Vicissitudes
                 .
                 Did
                 we
                 change
                 our
                 Customs
                 and
                 Measures
                 as
                 oft
                 as
                 she
                 does
                 the
                 Times
                 ,
                 she
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 powerful
                 ,
                 nor
                 we
                 so
                 subject
                 to
                 her
                 Empire
                 .
                 The
                 Make
                 of
                 our
                 Cloaths
                 we
                 alter
                 with
                 the
                 Mode
                 ,
                 but
                 neglect
                 our
                 Mind
                 and
                 Manners
                 .
                 What
                 Wind
                 does
                 not
                 the
                 skilful
                 Pilot
                 make
                 serviceable
                 to
                 his
                 Voyage
                 ?
                 As
                 that
                 veres
                 he
                 trims
                 his
                 Sails
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 all
                 conduce
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 he
                 proposes
                 .
                 We
                 refuse
                 to
                 shake
                 off
                 the
                 ill
                 Habits
                 of
                 our
                 Nature
                 ,
                 either
                 out
                 of
                 Self-love
                 or
                 Imprudence
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 lay
                 the
                 fault
                 on
                 Casualty
                 .
                 We
                 grow
                 desperate
                 before
                 we
                 seek
                 to
                 remedy
                 our
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 Obstinacy
                 or
                 Inadvertency
                 ,
                 let
                 Despair
                 get
                 the
                 Ascendant
                 over
                 us
                 .
                 We
                 cannot
                 in
                 Adversity
                 lay
                 aside
                 that
                 Pride
                 ,
                 Anger
                 ,
                 Vain-glory
                 ,
                 Detraction
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 other
                 Vices
                 which
                 Prosperity
                 bred
                 in
                 us
                 ;
                 nor
                 are
                 without
                 great
                 difficulty
                 induc'd
                 to
                 acknowledge
                 them
                 that
                 have
                 brought
                 us
                 into
                 that
                 unhappy
                 Condition
                 .
                 Every
                 moment
                 in
                 every
                 Affair
                 ,
                 with
                 whomsoever
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 the
                 Prince
                 shall
                 have
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 differ
                 from
                 himself
                 and
                 change
                 his
                 Nature
                 .
                 Nor
                 does
                 this
                 require
                 any
                 extraordinary
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 certain
                 Disposition
                 only
                 ,
                 and
                 Capacity
                 to
                 adapt
                 ones
                 self
                 to
                 all
                 Contingences
                 ,
                 and
                 Prudence
                 to
                 foresee
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 are
                 lost
                 in
                 Adversity
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 furling
                 the
                 Sails
                 of
                 our
                 Passions
                 ,
                 and
                 submitting
                 to
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ;
                 so
                 also
                 do
                 we
                 bring
                 Destruction
                 upon
                 our selves
                 and
                 Princes
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 indiscreetly
                 and
                 conceitedly
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 measure
                 their
                 Interest
                 ,
                 Passions
                 ,
                 and
                 Inclinations
                 ,
                 by
                 our
                 own
                 Natures
                 and
                 Advantages
                 :
                 It
                 being
                 impossible
                 for
                 a
                 Minister
                 of
                 a
                 liberal
                 Temper
                 to
                 exert
                 his
                 Generosity
                 under
                 a
                 Covetous
                 ,
                 Griping
                 Prince
                 ;
                 or
                 one
                 Valiant
                 and
                 Active
                 with
                 one
                 Slothful
                 and
                 Cowardly
                 .
                 Our
                 Motions
                 should
                 be
                 regulated
                 by
                 the
                 Activity
                 of
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Sphere
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 a
                 fault
                 in
                 Corbulo
                 ,
                 who
                 serving
                 Claudius
                 ,
                 a
                 pusilanimous
                 ,
                 mean-spirited
                 Prince
                 ,
                 made
                 many
                 rash
                 Attempts
                 ,
                 by
                 
                 which
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 be
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 him
                 4
                 .
                 In
                 some
                 Ministers
                 an
                 imprudent
                 Zeal
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 this
                 Error
                 ;
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 frequent
                 ,
                 Self-love
                 and
                 Vain-glory
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 desirous
                 to
                 appear
                 prudent
                 in
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 their
                 Ability
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 ,
                 forsooth
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 means
                 alone
                 the
                 Prince
                 succeeded
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 whatever
                 he
                 undertakes
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 or
                 others
                 ,
                 is
                 faulty
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 under
                 Colour
                 of
                 Zeal
                 they
                 pub●ish
                 the
                 Government
                 's
                 Defects
                 ,
                 and
                 discredit
                 their
                 Prince
                 :
                 Artifices
                 which
                 generally
                 the
                 Minister
                 himself
                 feels
                 the
                 Effect
                 of
                 afterwards
                 by
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Prince's
                 Favour
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 consults
                 his
                 Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 establish
                 his
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 must
                 with
                 all
                 possible
                 speed
                 fly
                 such
                 Affectations
                 ,
                 as
                 odious
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 whole
                 World
                 ;
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 more
                 serviceable
                 in
                 Deed
                 than
                 in
                 Word
                 ;
                 he
                 should
                 conform
                 to
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Nature
                 and
                 Condition
                 ,
                 reducing
                 him
                 to
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Duty
                 ,
                 under
                 Colour
                 of
                 Service
                 ,
                 with
                 Humility
                 and
                 a
                 quiet
                 Industry
                 ,
                 without
                 Noise
                 and
                 Arrogance
                 5
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 Valour
                 and
                 Virtue
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 nice
                 Observers
                 of
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 think
                 that
                 their
                 whole
                 Reputation
                 depends
                 upon
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 others
                 more
                 various
                 ,
                 who
                 can
                 transform
                 themselves
                 into
                 any
                 Shape
                 ,
                 and
                 suit
                 theirs
                 to
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Nature
                 ,
                 carry
                 away
                 the
                 Gratuities
                 and
                 Preferments
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 these
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 with
                 
                 Aleto's
                 Design
                 ,
                 to
                 deceive
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 prevent
                 being
                 unadvisedly
                 ruined
                 at
                 Court
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 render
                 one
                 more
                 serviceable
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 for
                 the●e
                 are
                 some
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Make
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Minister
                 to
                 put
                 on
                 their
                 Nature
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 to
                 creep
                 into
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 move
                 and
                 act
                 ;
                 as
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 neither
                 will
                 be
                 directed
                 by
                 others
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 dispatch
                 their
                 own
                 6
                 .
                 And
                 consequently
                 not
                 always
                 what
                 is
                 most
                 
                 expedient
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 advised
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 Duty
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 execute
                 .
                 Those
                 courageous
                 Counsels
                 which
                 were
                 given
                 Vitellius
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 best
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 were
                 useless
                 because
                 he
                 wanted
                 Resolution
                 to
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 Practice
                 7
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 usually
                 deaf
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Ministers
                 are
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Sails
                 .
                 Now
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 large
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 a
                 shallow
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 always
                 loosed
                 without
                 Consideration
                 of
                 the
                 Burthen
                 of
                 the
                 Boat
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 certainly
                 overset
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXXVII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THAT
                 the
                 Prince
                 may
                 not
                 escape
                 the
                 Storm
                 without
                 full
                 Instructions
                 in
                 all
                 Accidents
                 that
                 ill
                 Fortune
                 can
                 throw
                 him
                 into
                 ;
                 this
                 Device
                 represents
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 lesser
                 Evil
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 greater
                 are
                 inevitable
                 .
                 Thus
                 the
                 Pilot
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 has●
                 lost
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 being
                 saved
                 by
                 Opposition
                 ,
                 or
                 Compliance
                 with
                 the
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 endeavours
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 run
                 his
                 Ship
                 ashore
                 ;
                 where
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 lose
                 his
                 Ship
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 saves
                 his
                 Life
                 and
                 Merchandize
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 very
                 commendable
                 in
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 oppose
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 they
                 provided
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 Security
                 .
                 The
                 Prince's
                 Valour
                 consists
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 resisting
                 ,
                 but
                 withal
                 in
                 weighing
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 and
                 submitting
                 to
                 the
                 less
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 greater
                 is
                 insuperable
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 Prudence
                 to
                 prevent
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 of
                 Courage
                 and
                 Constancy
                 
                 〈◊〉
                 bear
                 patiently
                 what
                 is
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 Prudence
                 to
                 decline
                 ,
                 a
                 thing
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Sixth
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Ma●●r
                 of
                 ;
                 a
                 Prince
                 modest
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 valiant
                 in
                 Ad●●sity
                 ,
                 never
                 unprepar'd
                 for
                 any
                 Accident
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 Vain-glory
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 more
                 Temerity
                 〈◊〉
                 Valour
                 ,
                 chooses
                 rather
                 to
                 die
                 in
                 the
                 greater
                 Dan●er
                 ,
                 than
                 escape
                 in
                 the
                 lesser
                 .
                 He
                 consults
                 more
                 his
                 own
                 Fame
                 than
                 the
                 Publick
                 Safety
                 ;
                 or
                 rather
                 wants
                 Courage
                 to
                 despise
                 the
                 Opinions
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 who
                 inconsiderately
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 condemn
                 prudent
                 Resolutions
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 in
                 Danger
                 ,
                 are
                 against
                 having
                 recourse
                 to
                 Remed●●s
                 so
                 dangerous
                 and
                 violent
                 .
                 That
                 sometimes
                 looks
                 like
                 Courage
                 is
                 Cowardice
                 ;
                 where
                 presence
                 of
                 Mind
                 is
                 wanting
                 to
                 hope
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 the
                 Confusion
                 of
                 Fear
                 casts
                 us
                 into
                 it
                 .
                 When
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Fortitude
                 go
                 hand
                 in
                 hand
                 ,
                 then
                 Consideration
                 takes
                 place
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 find
                 not
                 safety
                 in
                 the
                 lesser
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 affraid
                 to
                 encounter
                 the
                 greater
                 Danger
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 base
                 weakness
                 to
                 die
                 with
                 fear
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Valour
                 like
                 what
                 necessity
                 inspires
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 commonly
                 the
                 last
                 Remedy
                 in
                 desperate
                 cases
                 ,
                 neither
                 to
                 hope
                 nor
                 quite
                 despair
                 .
                 Thus
                 a
                 Ship
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 ●●●st
                 the
                 Shore
                 ,
                 abandons
                 it self
                 to
                 the
                 wide
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 its
                 Billows
                 escapes
                 .
                 One
                 Peril
                 is
                 ordi●●rily
                 the
                 Remedy
                 of
                 another
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 ,
                 was
                 grounded
                 the
                 Counsel
                 some
                 gave
                 Galba
                 in
                 a
                 Con●●●racy
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 first
                 fury
                 of
                 it
                 1
                 .
                 
                   Garcias
                   Gomez
                
                 defended
                 the
                 Fort
                 of
                 Xerez
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 )
                 and
                 although
                 he
                 saw
                 all
                 his
                 Men
                 kill'd
                 or
                 wounded
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 Surrender
                 ,
                 nor
                 accept
                 the
                 Terms
                 ,
                 though
                 ●●nourable
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Moors
                 offer'd
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 little
                 Confidence
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 chose
                 rather
                 to
                 die
                 gloriously
                 in
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 his
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 ●nemies
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 in
                 all
                 appearance
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 cost
                 him
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 charm'd
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 admiring
                 his
                 Bravery
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Hook
                 drew
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Citadel
                 alive
                 ,
                 using
                 him
                 with
                 great
                 Civility
                 ,
                 and
                 carefully
                 dressing
                 the
                 Wounds
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 during
                 the
                 Siege
                 †
                 .
                 Such
                 is
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 Valour
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 captivates
                 even
                 Enemies
                 .
                 Courage
                 has
                 given
                 life
                 to
                 more
                 than
                 Fear
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 what
                 Divinity
                 attends
                 and
                 rescues
                 it
                 from
                 Dangers
                 .
                 When
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 the
                 Holy
                 ,
                 besieg'd
                 
                   Sevil
                   ,
                   Garcias
                   Perez
                   de
                   Vargas
                   ,
                
                 a
                 Citizen
                 of
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 being
                 separated
                 from
                 their
                 Company
                 ,
                 were
                 passing
                 along
                 the
                 River
                 Guadalquivir
                 ,
                 when
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 they
                 spy
                 seven
                 Moorish
                 Horse
                 making
                 towards
                 them
                 :
                 His
                 Comerade
                 advises
                 him
                 to
                 retire
                 ,
                 but
                 Garcias
                 not
                 to
                 incurr
                 the
                 ●gnomity
                 of
                 Cowardice
                 by
                 a
                 dishonourable
                 Flight
                 ,
                 pulls
                 down
                 the
                 Vizer
                 of
                 his
                 Helmet
                 ,
                 brandishes
                 his
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 advances
                 by
                 himself
                 :
                 The
                 Moors
                 knowing
                 his
                 '
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 admiring
                 his
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 pass
                 without
                 attacking
                 him
                 .
                 Thus
                 his
                 Heroick
                 Valour
                 sav'd
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 had
                 he
                 fled
                 with
                 his
                 Companion
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 had
                 in
                 all
                 probability
                 pursued
                 and
                 took
                 him
                 Prisoner
                 .
                 It
                 requires
                 a
                 Mind
                 free
                 and
                 disingag'd
                 to
                 examine
                 Dangers
                 ;
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 Report
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 in
                 the
                 Quality
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 Rumour
                 ,
                 because
                 those
                 are
                 generally
                 esteem'd
                 greatest
                 which
                 are
                 farthest
                 off
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 hear
                 and
                 tremble
                 at
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 seditiously
                 spread
                 and
                 increase
                 them
                 ,
                 rejoycing
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Misfortunes
                 because
                 unusual
                 ,
                 or
                 out
                 of
                 Disaffection
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Government
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 therefore
                 the
                 Prince's
                 part
                 to
                 appear
                 firm
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 disperse
                 such
                 idle
                 Apprehensions
                 .
                 As
                 upon
                 those
                 Reports
                 which
                 were
                 spread
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Revolt
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Spain
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Germany
                 ,
                 he
                 never
                 betrayed
                 the
                 least
                 discomposure
                 ,
                 nor
                 chang'd
                 his
                 Residence
                 ,
                 nor
                 way
                 of
                 living
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 knowing
                 the
                 levity
                 of
                 such
                 Reports
                 2
                 .
                 If
                 once
                 a
                 Prince
                 surrender
                 to
                 Fear
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 be
                 ever
                 
                 after
                 uncapable
                 of
                 resolving
                 .
                 For
                 then
                 prudent
                 Counsels
                 and
                 popular
                 Rumours
                 will
                 be
                 receiv'd
                 with
                 equal
                 credit
                 .
                 As
                 they
                 were
                 by
                 Vitellius
                 in
                 the
                 Civil
                 War
                 with
                 Vespasian
                 3
                 .
                 Dangers
                 imminent
                 appear
                 greatest
                 ,
                 being
                 cloath'd
                 by
                 Fear
                 with
                 horror
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Presence
                 magnified
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 by
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 escape
                 them
                 ,
                 fall
                 into
                 others
                 abundantly
                 greater
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 they
                 seem
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 we
                 afterwards
                 find
                 too
                 near
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 idle
                 to
                 imagine
                 we
                 can
                 avert
                 them
                 by
                 interposing
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 .
                 Many
                 have
                 vanished
                 by
                 being
                 resisted
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 Opposition
                 has
                 encreas●d
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 have
                 prov'd
                 real
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 only
                 imaginary
                 .
                 As
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 the
                 Syrians
                 Army
                 before
                 Samaria
                 4
                 .
                 Fear
                 of
                 danger
                 has
                 destroy'd
                 more
                 than
                 Danger
                 it self
                 .
                 What
                 vain
                 Apprehension
                 can
                 do
                 ?
                 We
                 have
                 within
                 these
                 few
                 Years
                 seen
                 at
                 a
                 publick
                 Bull-fight
                 at
                 Madrid
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 suddain
                 Bruit
                 being
                 rais●d
                 of
                 some
                 danger
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 they
                 fought
                 ,
                 struck
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Terror
                 into
                 all
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 one
                 knew
                 the
                 Reason
                 .
                 The
                 confus'd
                 Flight
                 of
                 some
                 increased
                 the
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 none
                 would
                 stay
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 certainty
                 ,
                 many
                 ran
                 into
                 the
                 Jaws
                 of
                 Death
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 they
                 took
                 to
                 escape
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Consequence
                 had
                 been
                 much
                 worse
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 Constancy
                 of
                 Philip
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 whom
                 every
                 ones
                 Eyes
                 were
                 upon
                 ,
                 unmov'd
                 at
                 the
                 Commotion
                 and
                 Rumour
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 the
                 trembling
                 Spirits
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Prince
                 in
                 Dangers
                 and
                 Misfortunes
                 of
                 this
                 Nature
                 ,
                 can
                 repress
                 the
                 Peoples
                 fears
                 ,
                 Counsels
                 are
                 confounded
                 ,
                 all
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 Obey
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 be
                 too
                 cautious
                 in
                 avoiding
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 is
                 sometimes
                 the
                 utter
                 Ruin
                 of
                 States
                 .
                 Frederick
                 ,
                 Count
                 Palati●e
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 lost
                 his
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Electorate
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 fear
                 after
                 his
                 Defeat
                 given
                 Wings
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 abandon
                 all
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 might
                 easily
                 have
                 retired
                 to
                 Prague
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 
                 other
                 place
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Remnant
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 compounded
                 with
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 so
                 by
                 making
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 lesser
                 Evil
                 have
                 escap'd
                 the
                 greater
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 are
                 oftentimes
                 deluded
                 by
                 fear
                 so
                 disguised
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 take
                 it
                 for
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 Constancy
                 for
                 Ra●●ness
                 .
                 We
                 sometimes
                 boggle
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 at
                 a
                 stand
                 what
                 to
                 resolve
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 interim
                 the
                 Danger
                 steals
                 on
                 us
                 .
                 All
                 things
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 Deliberation
                 always
                 required
                 ,
                 for
                 between
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Precipitation
                 ,
                 Valour
                 often
                 designs
                 noble
                 Actions
                 .
                 The
                 Great
                 Captain
                 having
                 entered
                 the
                 River
                 Garillan
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 was
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 such
                 Streights
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 mutined
                 and
                 deserted
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 his
                 Office●
                 advised
                 him
                 to
                 Retreat
                 ,
                 he
                 answered
                 ,
                 
                   This
                   I
                   have
                   resolv'd
                   with
                   my self
                   ,
                   rather
                   to
                   gain
                   Ground
                   ,
                   though
                   〈◊〉
                   enough
                   for
                   a
                   Grave
                   ,
                   than
                   give
                   back
                   a
                   step
                   ,
                   might
                   I
                   live
                   an
                   hundred
                   Years
                   .
                
                 An
                 Heroick
                 Sentence
                 ,
                 worthy
                 the
                 Courage
                 and
                 Prudence
                 of
                 so
                 Great
                 a
                 Man.
                 H●
                 well
                 knew
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 Rashness
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 hope●
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Case
                 he
                 then
                 was
                 ;
                 but
                 weighing
                 the
                 Dang●●
                 against
                 the
                 Credit
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 the
                 only
                 support
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 Faction
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 which
                 entirely
                 depended
                 upon
                 the
                 Success
                 of
                 that
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 he
                 chose
                 rather
                 to
                 put
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 risque
                 of
                 one
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain
                 his
                 Repute
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 lose
                 by
                 degrees
                 with
                 dishonou●●
                 How
                 often
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 a
                 timely
                 Incision
                 have
                 we
                 〈◊〉
                 Wounds
                 fester
                 and
                 spread
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Dangers
                 vanish
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 others
                 are
                 increased
                 by
                 negligence
                 ,
                 and
                 wast
                 Kingdoms
                 insensibly●
                 and
                 make
                 them
                 perish
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 by
                 a
                 Consumption●
                 Some
                 are
                 unknown
                 ;
                 of
                 these
                 one
                 can't
                 be
                 too
                 Ca●tious
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 surprise
                 before
                 a
                 Remedy
                 can
                 be
                 provided
                 .
                 Others
                 are
                 known
                 but
                 slighted
                 ,
                 by
                 these
                 negligence
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 much
                 confidence
                 are
                 usually
                 su●ferers
                 .
                 No
                 Danger
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 inconsiderable
                 should
                 be
                 despised
                 ,
                 for
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Accidents
                 often
                 augment
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 Valour
                 consists
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 
                 ●●nquishing
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 diverting
                 Dangers
                 .
                 To
                 live
                 in
                 sight
                 ●●ereof
                 ,
                 is
                 as
                 bad
                 as
                 to
                 suffer
                 them
                 5
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 Confidence
                 we
                 put
                 in
                 another's
                 Clemency
                 less
                 treacherous
                 ,
                 when
                 to
                 decline
                 one
                 Danger
                 we
                 fall
                 into
                 a
                 greater
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 we
                 surrender
                 our selves
                 at
                 Discretion
                 to
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 we
                 consider
                 in
                 him
                 only
                 the
                 generosity
                 of
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 Revenge
                 or
                 Ambition
                 ;
                 we
                 measure
                 his
                 Compassion
                 by
                 our
                 Grief
                 and
                 Affliction
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 persuade
                 our selves
                 that
                 we
                 can
                 move
                 him
                 to
                 relieve
                 us
                 .
                 When
                 Iames
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Majorca
                 ,
                 was
                 too
                 weak
                 for
                 his
                 Brother-in-Law
                 ,
                 Peter
                 the
                 Fourth
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 what
                 pretence
                 would
                 dispossess
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Dominions
                 ;
                 he
                 put
                 himself
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 thinking
                 this
                 Submission
                 would
                 obtain
                 what
                 his
                 Arms
                 could
                 not
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 King
                 was
                 more
                 influenc'd
                 by
                 Ambition
                 than
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 deprived
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 and
                 Title
                 .
                 Thus
                 Dangers
                 deceive
                 us
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 find
                 that
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 chose
                 as
                 the
                 lesser
                 .
                 There
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 assurance
                 in
                 Counsel
                 grounded
                 on
                 Principles
                 that
                 depend
                 on
                 anothers
                 pleasure
                 .
                 We
                 deceive
                 our selves
                 in
                 supposing
                 others
                 will
                 act
                 nothing
                 but
                 what
                 is
                 agreeable
                 to
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Justice
                 ,
                 Relation
                 ,
                 or
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 or
                 but
                 what
                 is
                 consistent
                 with
                 their
                 Honour
                 and
                 Interest
                 .
                 Not
                 considering
                 that
                 Men
                 are
                 not
                 always
                 guided
                 by
                 their
                 Advantage
                 or
                 Duty
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 by
                 their
                 private
                 Passions
                 and
                 Sentiments
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 their
                 Actions
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 examined
                 by
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 by
                 that
                 of
                 Malice
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Experience
                 of
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Injustices
                 and
                 Tyrannies
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 Dangers
                 are
                 a
                 Prince's
                 best
                 Masters
                 .
                 The
                 past
                 teach
                 〈◊〉
                 to
                 remedy
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 prevent
                 the
                 future
                 :
                 Those
                 of
                 others
                 are
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 instructing
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 
                 are
                 easily
                 forgot
                 .
                 Our
                 own
                 leave
                 in
                 the
                 Soul
                 some
                 Marks
                 and
                 Scars
                 of
                 the
                 losses
                 sustain'd
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 has
                 once
                 wounded
                 the
                 Imagination
                 does
                 fear
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 then
                 contempt
                 or
                 forgetfulness
                 ever
                 erase
                 them
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 having
                 escap●d
                 a
                 Danger
                 ,
                 we
                 fancy
                 the
                 same
                 will
                 never
                 return
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 it
                 does
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 annoy
                 us
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 some
                 one
                 Circumstance
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 unlikely
                 to
                 happen
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 ,
                 may
                 remove
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 yet
                 other
                 succeeding
                 new
                 ones
                 make
                 them
                 unavoidable
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXXVIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 FROM
                 Nature
                 ,
                 this
                 universal
                 Commonwealth
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 Empire
                 of
                 mixt
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 derive
                 their
                 Original
                 ,
                 the
                 supreme
                 Government
                 of
                 which
                 she
                 lays
                 claim
                 to
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 more
                 firm
                 establishment
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 secure
                 maintaining
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 has
                 made
                 her self
                 so
                 loved
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Elements
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 contrariety
                 with
                 an
                 admirable
                 consent
                 ,
                 conspire
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 .
                 All
                 things
                 would
                 be
                 soon
                 dissolv'd
                 ,
                 did
                 they
                 hate
                 Nature
                 their
                 Princess
                 and
                 Sovereign
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 mutual
                 ties
                 of
                 Love
                 and
                 Benevolence
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 the
                 fastest
                 knot
                 ,
                 unites
                 them
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 this
                 Love
                 which
                 holds
                 the
                 Earth
                 
                   in
                   Aequilibrio
                
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 the
                 Orbs
                 of
                 Heaven
                 whirl
                 round
                 it
                 .
                 Let
                 this
                 Monarchy
                 of
                 things
                 created
                 ,
                 founded
                 in
                 their
                 first
                 Being
                 ,
                 be
                 a
                 Lesson
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 Persons
                 and
                 Subjects
                 by
                 affection
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 most
                 faithfull
                 guard
                 they
                 can
                 have
                 about
                 them
                 1
                 .
              
               
                 Claud.
                 
                   Not
                   Guards
                   ,
                   nor
                   Groves
                   of
                   Pikes
                   defend
                   like
                   Love.
                
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 impregnable
                 Fort
                 2
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 the
                 Bees
                 elect
                 a
                 King
                 without
                 a
                 Sting
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 has
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 beloved
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Nature
                 would
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 have
                 it
                 in
                 his
                 power
                 to
                 hurt
                 ,
                 whose
                 duty
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 govern
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 become
                 odious
                 ,
                 and
                 promote
                 his
                 own
                 ruin
                 .
                 
                   The
                   greatest
                   and
                   most
                   absolute
                   power
                   a
                   Prince
                   can
                   have
                
                 (
                 says
                 K.
                 
                   Alphonso
                   )
                   is
                   when
                   he
                   loves
                   his
                   People
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   reciprocally
                   love
                   him
                   .
                
                 The
                 body
                 defends
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 upon
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Love
                 it
                 bears
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 consideration
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 directs
                 and
                 preserves
                 it
                 :
                 else
                 would
                 it
                 not
                 hold
                 up
                 its
                 arm
                 toward
                 the
                 threatning
                 blow
                 .
                 Who
                 would
                 expose
                 himself
                 to
                 Hazards
                 ,
                 except
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Love
                 for
                 his
                 Prince
                 ?
                 Who
                 protect
                 and
                 defend
                 his
                 Crown
                 ?
                 The
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Infant
                 Henry
                 ,
                 against
                 K.
                 Peter
                 the
                 Cruel
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 one
                 was
                 beloved
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 as
                 universally
                 hated
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 Principle
                 of
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Revolutions
                 in
                 States
                 is
                 Hatred
                 .
                 The
                 Kings
                 Ordonno
                 and
                 Fruela
                 the
                 Second
                 were
                 so
                 abominated
                 by
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 name
                 of
                 King
                 became
                 odious
                 ;
                 Castile
                 was
                 reduc'd
                 into
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Government
                 divided
                 between
                 two
                 Judges
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 administred
                 affairs
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 those
                 of
                 War
                 †
                 .
                 Portugal
                 never
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 its
                 Kings
                 ,
                 nor
                 revolted
                 from
                 its
                 obedience
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 is
                 ,
                 it
                 bears
                 a
                 sincere
                 affection
                 towards
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 it
                 has
                 excluded
                 one
                 and
                 admitted
                 another
                 ,
                 't
                 was
                 ,
                 because
                 one
                 was
                 belov'd
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 Male-administration
                 hated
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 Iames
                 the
                 First
                 of
                 Arragon
                 to
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 to
                 seek
                 rather
                 the
                 Love
                 than
                 Fear
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Clergy
                 and
                 Commons
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 grapple
                 with
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 which
                 Counsel
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 follow'd
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 lost
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
                 Nero
                 no
                 sooner
                 ceas'd
                 to
                 be
                 
                 lov'd
                 ,
                 than
                 Conspiracies
                 were
                 form'd
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 a
                 thing
                 which
                 
                   Subrius
                   Flavius
                
                 upbraided
                 him
                 with
                 to
                 his
                 face
                 3
                 .
                 A
                 King's
                 Power
                 and
                 Majesty
                 consist
                 not
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Person
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Affection
                 and
                 good
                 Will
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 be
                 disaffected
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 oppose
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ?
                 'T
                 is
                 Preservation
                 makes
                 the
                 people
                 want
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 expected
                 from
                 one
                 ,
                 who
                 makes
                 himself
                 hated
                 .
                 The
                 Arragonians
                 prudently
                 foresaw
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 having
                 call'd
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 
                   Peter
                   Altharez
                
                 Lord
                 of
                 Borgia
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 and
                 illustrious
                 Family
                 of
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Gandia
                 is
                 descended
                 ,
                 they
                 afterwards
                 repented
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 him
                 for
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 saw
                 he
                 us'd
                 them
                 with
                 Austerity
                 and
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 even
                 before
                 his
                 Election
                 .
                 Contrary
                 to
                 what
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 did
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 Love
                 and
                 Benevolence
                 ,
                 engag'd
                 the
                 hearts
                 of
                 all
                 in
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 in
                 Castile
                 during
                 his
                 Reign
                 there
                 .
                 We
                 have
                 seen
                 many
                 Princes
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 Fear
                 ,
                 none
                 ever
                 by
                 Love.
                 If
                 therefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 would
                 be
                 formidable
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 to
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 but
                 let
                 him
                 endeavour
                 to
                 be
                 belov'd
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 without
                 which
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 come
                 victorious
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 at
                 last
                 fall
                 by
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 these
                 .
                 As
                 it
                 befell
                 Bardanus
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 4
                 .
                 Love
                 and
                 Respect
                 may
                 be
                 joyned
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 Love
                 and
                 servile
                 Fear
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 is
                 fear'd
                 is
                 hated
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 hated
                 is
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 secure
                 .
              
               
                 Quem
                 metuunt
                 ,
                 oderunt
                 .
              
               
                 Quem
                 quisque
                 odit
                 periisse
                 expedit
                 .
              
               
                 Enn.
                 
              
               
                 He
                 who
                 is
                 fear'd
                 by
                 many
                 ,
                 also
                 fears
                 many
                 .
                 And
                 what
                 greater
                 misfortune
                 is
                 there
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 command
                 those
                 who
                 obey
                 through
                 Fear
                 ,
                 and
                 govern
                 Bodies
                 rather
                 than
                 Minds
                 ?
                 The
                 difference
                 between
                 the
                 just
                 Prince
                 and
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 one
                 uses
                 Arms
                 to
                 maintain
                 his
                 Subjects
                 in
                 Peace
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 protect
                 himself
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 strength
                 and
                 
                 power
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 hated
                 ,
                 be
                 small
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 much
                 exposed
                 to
                 danger
                 from
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 if
                 great
                 ,
                 yet
                 much
                 more
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 greater
                 their
                 fear
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 sollicitous
                 are
                 they
                 to
                 provide
                 for
                 their
                 Security
                 ,
                 as
                 apprehending
                 his
                 cruelty
                 will
                 encrease
                 with
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Bardanus
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 whose
                 Glory
                 made
                 him
                 more
                 severe
                 and
                 insupportable
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 5
                 .
                 If
                 not
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 danger
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 in
                 gratitude
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 should
                 avoid
                 being
                 terrible
                 to
                 those
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 reigns
                 .
                 Whence
                 that
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 unworthy
                 saying
                 of
                 
                   Caligula
                   ,
                   Let
                   them
                   hate
                   me
                   ,
                   so
                   they
                   fear
                   me
                
                 ;
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 Empire
                 consisted
                 in
                 Fear
                 :
                 Whereas
                 no
                 power
                 can
                 be
                 lasting
                 where
                 fear
                 bears
                 the
                 sway
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 Seneca
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   He
                   knows
                   not
                   how
                   to
                   govern
                   ,
                   who
                   is
                   too
                   fearfull
                   of
                   Hatred
                   ;
                   Fear
                   defends
                   Kingdoms
                   :
                
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 Tyrannick
                 Maxim
                 ,
                 or
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 of
                 that
                 vain
                 Fear
                 which
                 sometimes
                 Princes
                 are
                 in
                 of
                 offending
                 others
                 ,
                 even
                 when
                 their
                 Commands
                 are
                 just
                 ,
                 which
                 doubtless
                 is
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 derogatory
                 from
                 their
                 Authority
                 .
                 He
                 can
                 never
                 reign
                 ,
                 who
                 wants
                 Constancy
                 and
                 Courage
                 to
                 despise
                 the
                 Hatred
                 of
                 ill
                 men
                 ,
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 good
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 
                 Caligula's
                 Sentence
                 justifi'd
                 by
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                   Tiberius
                   ;
                   Let
                   them
                   hate
                   me
                   ,
                   so
                   they
                   approve
                   me
                   .
                
                 For
                 no
                 action
                 of
                 a
                 person
                 hated
                 is
                 ever
                 approv'd
                 .
                 Hatred
                 blames
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 the
                 worst
                 Construction
                 on
                 every
                 thing
                 .
                 When
                 once
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 hated
                 ,
                 his
                 good
                 actions
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 bad
                 are
                 interpreted
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 It
                 seems
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 to
                 keep
                 his
                 Subjects
                 in
                 awe
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 his
                 Empire
                 being
                 violent
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 supported
                 by
                 violent
                 means
                 ,
                 there
                 wanting
                 those
                 two
                 Obligations
                 of
                 Nature
                 and
                 voluntary
                 Subjection
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   are
                   the
                   greatest
                   Debts
                   a
                   man
                   can
                   owe
                   his
                   Lord.
                
                 And
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 sensible
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 these
                 bands
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 real
                 Love
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 endeavours
                 by
                 force
                 to
                 make
                 Fear
                 effect
                 what
                 ought
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 natural
                 Affection
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 his
                 disturbed
                 Conscience
                 fears
                 Cruelty
                 against
                 it self
                 ,
                 it
                 exercises
                 it
                 upon
                 others
                 6
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 lamentable
                 examples
                 of
                 all
                 Tyrants
                 abundantly
                 shew
                 
                 how
                 short-liv'd
                 this
                 method
                 is
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 Empires
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Turks
                   ,
                   Muscovites
                
                 and
                 Tartars
                 have
                 been
                 continued
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 by
                 Fear
                 alone
                 ,
                 yet
                 these
                 barbarous
                 Nations
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 a
                 Precedent
                 :
                 Their
                 Manners
                 are
                 so
                 savage
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Brute
                 than
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 being
                 commonly
                 led
                 more
                 by
                 Punishment
                 than
                 reason
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 by
                 that
                 only
                 can
                 be
                 kept
                 in
                 subjection
                 ,
                 as
                 Brutes
                 are
                 not
                 tamed
                 but
                 by
                 Force
                 and
                 Fear
                 .
                 Yet
                 generous
                 Spirits
                 suffer
                 not
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 compell'd
                 or
                 cheated
                 into
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 induc'd
                 thereto
                 by
                 sincerity
                 and
                 reason
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 says
                 King
                 
                   Alphonso
                   ,
                   our
                   people
                   being
                   loyal
                   and
                   couragious
                   ,
                   their
                   Loyalty
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   maintain'd
                   by
                   truth
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Courage
                   by
                   right
                   and
                   justice
                   .
                
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 usually
                 'twixt
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 his
                 Subjects
                 such
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 inclination
                 and
                 natural
                 Sympathy
                 ,
                 as
                 renders
                 him
                 amiable
                 without
                 any
                 more
                 care
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 who
                 deserv'd
                 Hatred
                 is
                 sometimes
                 lov'd
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 one
                 hated
                 who
                 merited
                 Love.
                 And
                 though
                 eminent
                 Vertues
                 and
                 Accomplishments
                 of
                 Mind
                 and
                 Body
                 are
                 wont
                 of
                 themselves
                 to
                 challenge
                 Love
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 always
                 this
                 effect
                 ,
                 unless
                 accompained
                 with
                 an
                 agreeable
                 kind
                 of
                 Humour
                 ,
                 a
                 sweet
                 ,
                 obliging
                 Air
                 ,
                 which
                 through
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 as
                 Windows
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 shews
                 the
                 inward
                 Goodness
                 ,
                 and
                 engages
                 mens
                 Affections
                 .
                 Besides
                 that
                 ,
                 accidents
                 which
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 prevented
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 sinister
                 apprehension
                 may
                 so
                 break
                 this
                 Love
                 and
                 good
                 Will
                 between
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 Subject
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 can
                 never
                 after
                 be
                 re-united
                 ;
                 yet
                 much
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 that
                 case
                 by
                 skill
                 and
                 address
                 ,
                 in
                 knowing
                 how
                 to
                 govern
                 to
                 the
                 satisfaction
                 of
                 the
                 Nobles
                 and
                 Commons
                 ,
                 avoiding
                 giving
                 them
                 any
                 occasion
                 of
                 displeasure
                 ,
                 and
                 behaving
                 himself
                 in
                 all
                 particulars
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 create
                 a
                 good
                 opinion
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 the
                 means
                 whereby
                 the
                 Affections
                 of
                 Subjects
                 may
                 be
                 procur'd
                 ,
                 are
                 every
                 where
                 scatter'd
                 through
                 this
                 Book
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 say
                 here
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 contributes
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 obtaining
                 it
                 ,
                 than
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Justice
                 and
                 Liberality
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 without
                 some
                 Species
                 of
                 Fear
                 ,
                 Love
                 would
                 be
                 soon
                 turn'd
                 to
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 edge
                 of
                 Regal
                 Authority
                 
                 blunted
                 7
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 highly
                 requisite
                 ,
                 that
                 Subjects
                 entertain
                 such
                 an
                 awe
                 as
                 arises
                 from
                 Respect
                 and
                 Veneration
                 ,
                 not
                 tha●
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 result
                 of
                 danger
                 from
                 Injustice
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 So
                 necessary
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 feared
                 by
                 not
                 suffering
                 Indignities
                 ,
                 maintaining
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 abhorring
                 Vice
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 such
                 an
                 awe
                 in
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 impossible
                 to
                 be
                 long
                 secure
                 :
                 For
                 all
                 naturally
                 desire
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 inferior
                 part
                 of
                 man
                 rebells
                 against
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 incorrigible
                 but
                 by
                 Fear
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 must
                 therefore
                 tame
                 his
                 Subjects
                 as
                 the
                 Horse-courser
                 breaks
                 his
                 Colt
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 figure
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 )
                 who
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 hand
                 strokes
                 and
                 curries
                 him
                 and
                 threatens
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 Whip
                 .
                 Both
                 the
                 Rod
                 and
                 the
                 Manna
                 were
                 kept
                 in
                 the
                 Ark
                 of
                 the
                 Tabernacle
                 ,
                 to
                 intimate
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 imagin
                 ,
                 that
                 Rigour
                 and
                 Clemency
                 should
                 be
                 joyn'd
                 in
                 the
                 Prince's
                 person
                 .
                 God's
                 Rod
                 and
                 Staff
                 comforted
                 David
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 that
                 wounded
                 ,
                 this
                 supported
                 him
                 8
                 .
                 When
                 God
                 gave
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 the
                 Decalogue
                 to
                 the
                 Israelites
                 on
                 Mount
                 Sinai
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 once
                 terrified
                 them
                 with
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasing
                 ,
                 allur'd
                 them
                 with
                 Heavenly
                 Musick
                 ;
                 both
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 preserve
                 a
                 Love
                 and
                 Veneration
                 in
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Let
                 this
                 therefore
                 be
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Study
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 at
                 once
                 lov'd
                 and
                 fear'd
                 :
                 lov'd
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Protector
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ;
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Soul
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 all
                 their
                 Lives
                 and
                 Estates
                 depend
                 :
                 lov'd
                 for
                 his
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 fear'd
                 for
                 his
                 Punishments
                 :
                 lov'd
                 for
                 his
                 Goodness
                 ,
                 fear'd
                 for
                 his
                 Authority
                 :
                 lov'd
                 as
                 a
                 Promoter
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 fear'd
                 as
                 Arbiter
                 of
                 War.
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 good
                 in
                 loving
                 him
                 may
                 find
                 cause
                 to
                 fear
                 :
                 the
                 Bad
                 in
                 fearing
                 him
                 may
                 find
                 something
                 to
                 love
                 in
                 him
                 .
                 This
                 Fear
                 is
                 as
                 necessary
                 to
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Sceptre
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 Pride
                 ,
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 is
                 prejudicial
                 and
                 dangerous
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 leading
                 to
                 Despair
                 9
                 .
                 The
                 one
                 procures
                 his
                 Liberty
                 with
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Ruin
                 ;
                 God
                 breaking
                 the
                 Staff
                 of
                 the
                 wicked
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sceptre
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 rule
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 severity
                 10
                 .
                 
                 Whereas
                 the
                 other
                 by
                 conforming
                 himself
                 to
                 Reason
                 ,
                 studies
                 to
                 avoid
                 his
                 Anger
                 and
                 Punishment
                 .
                 This
                 Fear
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 brood
                 with
                 Love.
                 For
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 Love
                 without
                 fear
                 of
                 losing
                 the
                 Object
                 lov'd
                 ,
                 and
                 care
                 to
                 continue
                 in
                 its
                 favour
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 Prince's
                 power
                 to
                 beget
                 Love
                 as
                 Fear
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 ground
                 his
                 security
                 on
                 this
                 than
                 that
                 alone
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 the
                 product
                 of
                 the
                 Will
                 is
                 various
                 and
                 inconstant
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 any
                 artificial
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 any
                 forc'd
                 Complaisance
                 sufficient
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 That
                 Prince
                 I
                 take
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 Governour
                 ,
                 who
                 alive
                 is
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 and
                 dead
                 ,
                 lov'd
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 as
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 was
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 not
                 lov'd
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 suffice
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 esteem'd
                 and
                 fear'd
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XXXIX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THere
                 is
                 an
                 ancient
                 Medal
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Reverse
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 engraven
                 a
                 flash
                 of
                 Lightning
                 upon
                 an
                 Altar
                 ,
                 to
                 signifie
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Prince's
                 severity
                 
                 ought
                 to
                 yield
                 to
                 Prayers
                 :
                 an
                 Emblem
                 offensive
                 to
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 the
                 Lightning
                 of
                 Punishment
                 being
                 represented
                 so
                 lively
                 and
                 so
                 near
                 to
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 that
                 fear
                 may
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 dash
                 all
                 hope
                 in
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 the
                 Altar
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 fit
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 looks
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 before
                 whom
                 the
                 criminal
                 bends
                 ,
                 should
                 at
                 once
                 represent
                 the
                 Terror
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 Mildness
                 of
                 Mercy
                 ;
                 yet
                 this
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 proper
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 were
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 the
                 H.
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 have
                 Life
                 and
                 Clemency
                 shine
                 in
                 a
                 King's
                 Countenance
                 1
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Emblem
                 therefore
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 the
                 Lightning
                 I
                 have
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Altar
                 the
                 Golden
                 Fleece
                 ,
                 introduc'd
                 by
                 Philip
                 the
                 Good
                 Duke
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 signifie
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 imagin
                 ,
                 the
                 fabulous
                 Fleece
                 of
                 Colchos
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 of
                 Gideon
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 a
                 token
                 of
                 Victory
                 was
                 moistned
                 with
                 the
                 Dew
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 about
                 it
                 was
                 dry
                 2
                 .
                 A
                 Symbol
                 whereby
                 Meekness
                 and
                 Humility
                 is
                 express'd
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 same
                 is
                 signified
                 by
                 that
                 immaculate
                 Lamb
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 offer'd
                 for
                 the
                 World's
                 Salvation
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 is
                 a
                 Victim
                 devoted
                 to
                 Fatigues
                 and
                 Dangers
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 good
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 A
                 precious
                 Fleece
                 ,
                 rich
                 in
                 Dew
                 and
                 other
                 Blessings
                 of
                 Heaven
                 .
                 Here
                 they
                 ought
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 to
                 find
                 wherewithal
                 to
                 quench
                 their
                 Thirst
                 ,
                 to
                 redress
                 their
                 Grievances
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 be
                 always
                 affable
                 ,
                 always
                 sincere
                 and
                 benign
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 effectual
                 than
                 severity
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 pleasing
                 Looks
                 ,
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 immediately
                 threw
                 down
                 their
                 Arms.
                 The
                 serenity
                 of
                 Augustus
                 tied
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Gaul
                 ,
                 who
                 went
                 to
                 throw
                 him
                 down
                 a
                 Precipice
                 in
                 the
                 Alps.
                 The
                 modest
                 and
                 sweet
                 Temper
                 of
                 King
                 Ordonno
                 the
                 first
                 strangely
                 won
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Sancho
                 the
                 Third
                 was
                 called
                 the
                 Desired
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 shortness
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 his
                 Affability
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Arragonians
                 received
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Infant
                 ,
                 King
                 
                 Martin's
                 Nephew
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 upo●
                 a
                 liking
                 they
                 took
                 to
                 his
                 obliging
                 Demeanour
                 .
                 Modesty
                 and
                 good
                 Humour
                 all
                 must
                 love
                 .
                 Obedience
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 heavy
                 and
                 odious
                 of
                 it self
                 ;
                 let
                 not
                 the
                 Prince
                 add
                 Rigour
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 File
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 natural
                 Liberty
                 generally
                 
                 cuts
                 the
                 chains
                 of
                 Slavery
                 .
                 If
                 Princes
                 in
                 Adversity
                 think
                 Complaisance
                 and
                 Humanity
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 for
                 a
                 remedy
                 ,
                 why
                 should
                 it
                 not
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 for
                 a
                 Preservative
                 ?
                 The
                 benign
                 Aspect
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 gains
                 a
                 pleasing
                 Empire
                 over
                 mens
                 minds
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 dissimulation
                 of
                 Sovereignty
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 Complacency
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 here
                 mean
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 vulgar
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 begets
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 but
                 which
                 has
                 so
                 agreeable
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 Gravity
                 and
                 Authority
                 ,
                 as
                 leaves
                 room
                 for
                 Love
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Love
                 attended
                 with
                 respect
                 :
                 for
                 where
                 this
                 is
                 wanting
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 turn
                 too
                 familiar
                 and
                 aspire
                 to
                 an
                 Equality
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 the
                 august
                 part
                 of
                 Majesty
                 be
                 not
                 maintain'd
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 difference
                 between
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 Subject
                 3
                 .
                 Some
                 ornament
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 (
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 before
                 hinted
                 )
                 and
                 a
                 well
                 temper'd
                 Gravity
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 Royal
                 Dignity
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 can
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 approve
                 of
                 a
                 Prince's
                 making
                 himself
                 so
                 familiar
                 with
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 him
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 of
                 Agricola
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 plain
                 in
                 his
                 dress
                 ,
                 so
                 condescending
                 and
                 familiar
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 sought
                 his
                 Fame
                 in
                 his
                 person
                 ,
                 but
                 few
                 found
                 it
                 4
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 is
                 common
                 ,
                 no
                 one
                 admires
                 ,
                 and
                 respect
                 is
                 the
                 genuine
                 effect
                 of
                 admiration
                 .
                 Some
                 grave
                 severity
                 must
                 appear
                 in
                 the
                 Prince's
                 face
                 ,
                 and
                 something
                 extraordinary
                 in
                 his
                 Carriage
                 and
                 Royal
                 Port
                 to
                 shew
                 supreme
                 power
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 severity
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 qualified
                 by
                 Sweetness
                 ,
                 that
                 jointly
                 they
                 may
                 beget
                 Love
                 and
                 Reverence
                 in
                 the
                 Subject
                 ,
                 not
                 Fear
                 5
                 .
                 The
                 Sword
                 has
                 been
                 often
                 drawn
                 in
                 France
                 against
                 the
                 Regal
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 for
                 being
                 too
                 familiar
                 .
                 Affability
                 must
                 not
                 diminish
                 Authority
                 ,
                 nor
                 Severity
                 Love
                 ;
                 a
                 thing
                 Tacitus
                 admir'd
                 in
                 Agricola
                 ,
                 6
                 and
                 commended
                 in
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Titus
                 ,
                 who
                 appear'd
                 affable
                 to
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 without
                 derogating
                 
                 from
                 his
                 Authority
                 as
                 General
                 7
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 compose
                 his
                 Looks
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 at
                 once
                 assert
                 Authority
                 and
                 invite
                 Love
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 appear
                 grave
                 ,
                 not
                 austere
                 ;
                 animate
                 ,
                 not
                 drive
                 into
                 Despair
                 :
                 looking
                 always
                 with
                 a
                 gracefull
                 ,
                 agreeable
                 Smile
                 ,
                 using
                 words
                 complaisant
                 ,
                 and
                 gravely
                 courteous
                 .
                 Some
                 think
                 themselves
                 no
                 Princes
                 ,
                 except
                 they
                 shew
                 something
                 irregular
                 in
                 their
                 Expressions
                 ,
                 Looks
                 and
                 Port
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 way
                 of
                 other
                 men
                 :
                 so
                 ignorant
                 Statuaries
                 think
                 the
                 art
                 and
                 perfection
                 of
                 a
                 Coloss
                 ,
                 consists
                 in
                 having
                 bloated
                 Cheeks
                 ,
                 blubber
                 Lips
                 ,
                 lowring
                 Brows
                 and
                 squint
                 Eyes
                 .
              
               
                 True
                 Greatness
                 doth
                 not
                 consist
                 in
                 mighty
                 State
                 ,
                 †
              
               
                 In
                 lofty
                 Mein
                 and
                 Words
                 ,
                 or
                 haughty
                 Gate
                 .
              
               
                 King
                 A●asuerus
                 was
                 of
                 so
                 terrible
                 an
                 Aspect
                 ,
                 that
                 Queen
                 Hester
                 coming
                 into
                 his
                 presence
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 Swoon
                 9
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 not
                 recovered
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 his
                 Spirit
                 being
                 changed
                 by
                 a
                 divine
                 Impression
                 10
                 ,
                 held
                 out
                 the
                 Scepter
                 11
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 her
                 it
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 gilded
                 Wood
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 Vision
                 as
                 she
                 imagined
                 12
                 .
                 If
                 Majesty
                 too
                 severe
                 and
                 disorderly
                 could
                 produce
                 this
                 Effect
                 in
                 a
                 Queen
                 ,
                 what
                 will
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 private
                 person
                 oppressed
                 with
                 Poverty
                 and
                 Affliction
                 ?
                 The
                 Holy
                 Scriptures
                 call
                 a
                 Prince
                 Physician
                 13
                 ,
                 and
                 Father
                 14
                 ,
                 and
                 neither
                 this
                 cures
                 nor
                 that
                 governs
                 with
                 Inhumanity
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 upon
                 occasion
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 frowns
                 upon
                 a
                 Subject
                 ,
                 let
                 his
                 Reprimands
                 begin
                 with
                 an
                 Encomium
                 on
                 his
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 laying
                 before
                 him
                 the
                 Deformity
                 of
                 his
                 Crime
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 strike
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 generous
                 Fear
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 shadow
                 of
                 Vice
                 is
                 most
                 conspicuous
                 when
                 oppos'd
                 to
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 care
                 also
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 reproof
                 be
                 not
                 so
                 harsh
                 and
                 publick
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Subject
                 losing
                 his
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 shall
                 withal
                 ,
                 lose
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 retrieving
                 it
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 so
                 obstinately
                 persist
                 in
                 his
                 fault
                 .
                 Let
                 Anger
                 therefore
                 and
                 Mildness
                 ,
                 Punishment
                 and
                 Rewards
                 be
                 so
                 intermixed
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Golden
                 Fleece
                 ,
                 the
                 Steels
                 and
                 Flints
                 are
                 knit
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 between
                 them
                 Flames
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 to
                 signifie
                 that
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Heart
                 should
                 resemble
                 the
                 Fire-stone
                 or
                 Flint
                 ,
                 which
                 keeps
                 the
                 sparks
                 of
                 its
                 Anger
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 least
                 they
                 should
                 hurt
                 any
                 one
                 rashly
                 ;
                 yet
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 it
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 struck
                 by
                 Injury
                 or
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 it
                 immediately
                 breaks
                 out
                 into
                 fire
                 of
                 Revenge
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 yet
                 those
                 not
                 so
                 quick
                 in
                 execution
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 has
                 the
                 Dew
                 of
                 the
                 Fleece
                 at
                 hand
                 to
                 extinguish
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 moderate
                 them
                 .
                 God
                 said
                 to
                 
                   Ezekiel
                   ,
                   as
                   Adamant
                   and
                   Flint
                   have
                   I
                   made
                   thy
                   fore-head
                
                 15
                 ,
                 signifying
                 by
                 that
                 the
                 constancy
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 the
                 fire
                 of
                 Piety
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 cannot
                 break
                 his
                 rough
                 and
                 savage
                 Nature
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 at
                 least
                 keep
                 an
                 obliging
                 Family
                 to
                 supply
                 his
                 place
                 ,
                 giving
                 a
                 courteous
                 reception
                 to
                 all
                 Business
                 and
                 Petitions
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 is
                 often
                 beloved
                 or
                 hated
                 upon
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Servants
                 ;
                 they
                 very
                 much
                 cloak
                 their
                 Master's
                 roughness
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 skill
                 to
                 moderate
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 excuse
                 it
                 by
                 their
                 Affability
                 and
                 Discretion
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Nations
                 hide
                 the
                 Royal
                 Majesty
                 behind
                 Veils
                 and
                 Curtains
                 when
                 he
                 gives
                 Audience
                 ,
                 without
                 exposing
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 people
                 .
                 A
                 Custom
                 inhumane
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 severe
                 and
                 cruel
                 to
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 who
                 usually
                 find
                 comfort
                 in
                 their
                 Prince's
                 presence
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 in
                 his
                 hands
                 .
                 This
                 Retreat
                 may
                 make
                 the
                 Prince
                 more
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 more
                 beloved
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 through
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Ears
                 that
                 Love
                 strikes
                 the
                 Heart
                 .
                 What
                 we
                 neither
                 see
                 nor
                 hear
                 ,
                 we
                 can't
                 love
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 who
                 refuses
                 the
                 sight
                 and
                 speech
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 refuses
                 to
                 hear
                 their
                 Necessities
                 and
                 to
                 remedy
                 them
                 ;
                 the
                 Tongue
                 is
                 an
                 easie
                 instrument
                 ,
                 that
                 ought
                 to
                 reconcile
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 all
                 :
                 let
                 not
                 the
                 Prince
                 make
                 it
                 harsh
                 and
                 dis-agreeable
                 .
                 King
                 Iohn
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 short
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 an
                 impediment
                 in
                 his
                 Speech
                 ,
                 lost
                 the
                 Portuguese
                 in
                 his
                 Pretension
                 to
                 that
                 Crown
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 King
                 Peter
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 dispatch
                 business
                 by
                 Memorials
                 and
                 Petitions
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 them
                 the
                 Sentiments
                 are
                 
                 not
                 so
                 well
                 express'd
                 .
                 They
                 not
                 being
                 attended
                 with
                 Sighs
                 and
                 other
                 moving
                 Actions
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 but
                 dry
                 Tears
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 not
                 that
                 force
                 upon
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 doors
                 of
                 Temples
                 are
                 always
                 open
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 should
                 be
                 those
                 of
                 Palaces
                 ;
                 for
                 Princes
                 are
                 God's
                 Vicegerents
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Altars
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 )
                 which
                 the
                 people
                 fly
                 to
                 in
                 their
                 Afflictions
                 and
                 Calamities
                 .
                 'T
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 scandalous
                 thing
                 for
                 a
                 Soldier
                 to
                 find
                 it
                 more
                 easie
                 to
                 charge
                 through
                 a
                 Squadron
                 of
                 Pikes
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 presence
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 Swiss
                 and
                 Dutch
                 Guards
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 like
                 armed
                 Hedg-hogs
                 ,
                 are
                 neither
                 gain'd
                 by
                 Prayers
                 nor
                 Civility
                 .
                 
                   Let
                   people
                   come
                   to
                   me
                
                 ,
                 says
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                   Rodolphus
                   ,
                   for
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   Emperor
                   to
                   be
                   shut
                   up
                   in
                   a
                   box
                   .
                
                 This
                 retirement
                 makes
                 the
                 mind
                 savage
                 16
                 .
                 Attention
                 to
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 Communication
                 soften
                 the
                 temper
                 and
                 render
                 it
                 easie
                 .
                 Princes
                 ,
                 like
                 Hawks
                 ,
                 are
                 tam'd
                 by
                 the
                 assiduity
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 familiarity
                 with
                 Men.
                 The
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Leon
                 rebell'd
                 against
                 King
                 Ramirez
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 difficulty
                 of
                 Access
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Holy
                 was
                 deny'd
                 to
                 none
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 had
                 admittance
                 even
                 to
                 his
                 most
                 private
                 Apartment
                 :
                 The
                 Kings
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Twelfth
                 ,
                 and
                 Henry
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 gave
                 publick
                 Audience
                 three
                 times
                 a
                 Week
                 ,
                 as
                 did
                 also
                 their
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 and
                 Isabella
                 †
                 .
                 Nature
                 has
                 put
                 doors
                 to
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 but
                 has
                 left
                 the
                 Ears
                 open
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 hear
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 then
                 stop
                 'em
                 ,
                 but
                 hearken
                 favourably
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 would
                 speak
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 comfort
                 either
                 by
                 Reward
                 or
                 Hope
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 one
                 kind
                 of
                 satisfaction
                 which
                 supports
                 Merit
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 always
                 use
                 set
                 Forms
                 and
                 general
                 Answers
                 ;
                 for
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 given
                 to
                 all
                 satisfie
                 none
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 a
                 small
                 trouble
                 to
                 the
                 Petitioner
                 to
                 receive
                 an
                 answer
                 that
                 he
                 knew
                 before
                 :
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 always
                 hear
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 ask
                 sometimes
                 17
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 does
                 not
                 enquire
                 ,
                 will
                 never
                 be
                 well
                 inform'd
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 throughly
                 know
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 his
                 Audiences
                 be
                 instructive
                 ,
                 not
                 merely
                 ceremonial
                 ;
                 as
                 were
                 those
                 of
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Holy
                 ,
                 Alphonso
                 King
                 
                 〈◊〉
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Empe●●●
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 beloved
                 and
                 re●●ected
                 by
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 esteem'd
                 by
                 Strangers
                 .
                 As
                 ●●e
                 Audience
                 should
                 be
                 easie
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 ought
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 speedy
                 ;
                 ●●r
                 the
                 delay
                 of
                 a
                 benefit
                 diminishes
                 the
                 Obligation
                 .
                 Tho'
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 affairs
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 let
                 time
                 undeceive
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 either
                 the
                 Prince
                 or
                 his
                 Mini●●●rs
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 had
                 rather
                 be
                 entertain'd
                 with
                 Hope
                 ,
                 than
                 be
                 dispatch'd
                 with
                 Despair
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 prudent
                 Courts
                 is
                 ●ound
                 ,
                 not
                 given
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 don't
                 approve
                 of
                 the
                 Prince's
                 exposing
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 and
                 publick
                 Places
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 admire
                 him
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 ,
                 observe
                 him
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 and
                 slight
                 him
                 the
                 third
                 18
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 seen
                 is
                 respected
                 most
                 19
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 the
                 Eyes
                 often
                 despise
                 what
                 the
                 opinion
                 esteem'd
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 convenient
                 the
                 people
                 should
                 know
                 whether
                 the
                 chain
                 of
                 their
                 Slavery
                 be
                 of
                 Iron
                 or
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 passing
                 judgment
                 upon
                 the
                 parts
                 and
                 qualifications
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 We
                 respect
                 that
                 most
                 which
                 is
                 farthest
                 distant
                 20
                 .
                 Some
                 Nations
                 take
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Affability
                 and
                 Complaisance
                 for
                 a
                 Vice.
                 Others
                 dislike
                 his
                 reservedness
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 have
                 him
                 mild
                 and
                 courteous
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Portuguese
                 and
                 the
                 French.
                 The
                 Extreams
                 in
                 one
                 and
                 t'other
                 are
                 always
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 will
                 be
                 best
                 able
                 to
                 moderate
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 his
                 Actions
                 and
                 Government
                 ,
                 remembers
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 both
                 Prince
                 and
                 Man.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XL.
                 
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Scriptures
                 call
                 Princes
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 Hills
                 and
                 Valleys
                 1
                 .
                 This
                 comp●rison
                 comprehends
                 the
                 great
                 Affinity
                 between
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 Mountains
                 are
                 Princes
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 near●●
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 superiour
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 works
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 for
                 their
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 generou●
                 Bowels
                 ,
                 they
                 supply
                 with
                 continual
                 Streams
                 the
                 droughty
                 Plains
                 and
                 Vallies
                 beneath
                 ,
                 cloathing
                 them
                 with
                 Flowers
                 and
                 Verdure
                 ,
                 this
                 being
                 the
                 true
                 property
                 of
                 Princes
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 vertue
                 more
                 than
                 any
                 is
                 a
                 Prince
                 ally'd
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 who
                 〈◊〉
                 ever
                 giving
                 to
                 all
                 plentifully
                 2
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 this
                 renders
                 obedience
                 more
                 prompt
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 Present
                 from
                 him
                 who
                 could
                 command
                 ,
                 forces
                 Obligation
                 .
                 Subjection
                 is
                 agreeable
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 beneficial
                 .
                 
                 King
                 Charles
                 of
                 Navarre
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Noble
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 all
                 by
                 his
                 Liberality
                 .
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 Second
                 did
                 thereby
                 wipe
                 out
                 the
                 Murder
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 King
                 Peter
                 ,
                 and
                 established
                 his
                 Right
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
                 What
                 cannot
                 a
                 liberal
                 Prince
                 do
                 ?
                 What
                 can't
                 a
                 golden
                 Scepter
                 oblige
                 to
                 ?
                 Even
                 Tyranny
                 3
                 is
                 conniv'd
                 at
                 and
                 born
                 with
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Prince
                 knows
                 how
                 to
                 give
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 it
                 gains
                 the
                 Applause
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 by
                 supplying
                 the
                 publick
                 Necessities
                 ,
                 and
                 rewarding
                 persons
                 of
                 Merit
                 .
                 This
                 vertue
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 opinion
                 ,
                 maintain'd
                 Tiberius
                 in
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 he
                 always
                 practis'd
                 4
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 pernicious
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 Liberality
                 and
                 Goodness
                 (
                 for
                 they
                 usually
                 go
                 together
                 )
                 if
                 not
                 used
                 with
                 Moderation
                 .
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 says
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 
                   becomes
                   all
                   men
                   of
                   power
                   ,
                   but
                   principally
                   a
                   King
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   uses
                   it
                   to
                   purpose
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   he
                   should
                   .
                   Garcias
                   Sancho
                   ,
                
                 King
                 of
                 Navarr
                 ,
                 lost
                 his
                 Subjects
                 affections
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Liberality
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 hop'd
                 to
                 have
                 gain'd
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 maintain
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 opprest
                 them
                 with
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Impositions
                 .
                 Prodigality
                 is
                 little
                 distant
                 from
                 Rapine
                 or
                 Tyranny
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 Treasury
                 is
                 drain'd
                 by
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 recruited
                 by
                 ill
                 and
                 indirect
                 means
                 5
                 .
                 
                   He
                   who
                   gives
                   more
                   than
                   he
                   is
                   able
                   ,
                
                 says
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 
                   is
                   not
                   liberal
                   but
                   prodigal
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   his
                   own
                   stock
                   fails
                   ,
                   he
                   will
                   be
                   obliged
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   others
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   if
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   he
                   ●●kes
                   Friends
                   by
                   what
                   he
                   gives
                   ,
                   he
                   on
                   th'
                   other
                   side
                   makes
                   E●●mies
                   by
                   what
                   he
                   takes
                   away
                   .
                   Diego
                   d'
                   Arias
                   ,
                
                 Treasurer
                 to
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 fall
                 into
                 this
                 incon●enience
                 ,
                 represented
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Extravagance
                 of
                 his
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 convenient
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Retinue
                 should
                 be
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 a
                 lesser
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Salaries
                 allow'd
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 did
                 not
                 actually
                 serve
                 ,
                 or
                 were
                 any
                 ways
                 incapacitated
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 taken
                 off
                 :
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 King
                 made
                 this
                 Answer
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   too
                   ,
                   were
                   I
                
                 Arias
                 ,
                 
                   should
                   more
                   respect
                   my
                   Money
                   th●n
                   my
                   Liberality
                   ;
                   you
                   say
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   your self
                   ,
                   but
                   as
                   for
                   me
                   ,
                   I
                   'll
                   act
                   as
                   becomes
                   a
                   King
                   ,
                   without
                   fear
                   of
                   poverty
                   ,
                   or
                   exposing
                   
                   my self
                   to
                   the
                   necessity
                   of
                   raising
                   new
                   Taxes
                   .
                   'T
                   is
                   the
                   duty
                   of
                   a
                   King
                   to
                   give
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   measure
                   his
                   Authority
                   by
                   the
                   publick
                   Good
                   ,
                   not
                   his
                   own
                   particular
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   true
                   fruit
                   of
                   Riches
                   .
                   To
                   some
                   we
                   give
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   good
                   ,
                   to
                   others
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   〈◊〉
                   be
                   bad
                   .
                
                 Words
                 truly
                 worthy
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 guided
                 by
                 these
                 considerations
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 gifts
                 were
                 always
                 excessive
                 and
                 without
                 order
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 Merit
                 of
                 the
                 Party
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 Brother-in-law
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 observed
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Laws
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   gave
                   Rewards
                   for
                   Shew
                   not
                   for
                   Merit
                   .
                
                 Whence
                 we
                 may
                 observe
                 the
                 circumspection
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 observe
                 in
                 his
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 giving
                 occasion
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 to
                 acknowledge
                 his
                 Authority
                 ▪
                 only
                 to
                 receive
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 obey
                 him
                 .
                 An
                 extravagant
                 Subject
                 ruins
                 only
                 himself
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 himself
                 and
                 State
                 too
                 .
                 The
                 Treasury
                 would
                 be
                 soon
                 at
                 an
                 ebb
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 be
                 extravagantly
                 liberal
                 ,
                 without
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Magazines
                 for
                 publick
                 Necessities
                 .
                 The
                 Mountains
                 don't
                 squander
                 away
                 the
                 Snow
                 which
                 the
                 Vapours
                 of
                 the
                 Fields
                 and
                 Valleys
                 heap
                 upon
                 its
                 top
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 preserve
                 it
                 against
                 Summer
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 in
                 gentle
                 Streams
                 returns
                 it
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 grounds
                 it
                 was
                 attracted
                 from
                 .
                 They
                 don't
                 descend
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 answer
                 their
                 design
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 slighted
                 as
                 useless
                 ,
                 for
                 Liberality
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 Enemy
                 to
                 Liberality
                 ;
                 nor
                 do
                 they
                 immediately
                 mix
                 with
                 the
                 Rivers
                 leaving
                 the
                 Plains
                 and
                 Vallies
                 dry
                 ,
                 as
                 Princes
                 usually
                 do
                 ,
                 who
                 give
                 to
                 the
                 Rich
                 what
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 distributed
                 among
                 the
                 Poor
                 ,
                 and
                 drain
                 the
                 thirsty
                 sands
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 brimfull
                 Lakes
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 fault
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Rich
                 at
                 the
                 expence
                 of
                 the
                 poor
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 vain
                 extravagance
                 to
                 oppress
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 whose
                 ruin
                 is
                 always
                 promoted
                 by
                 the
                 pride
                 and
                 vanity
                 of
                 a
                 few
                 .
                 The
                 people
                 cannot
                 brook
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 power
                 vainly
                 squander'd
                 away
                 ,
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 employ'd
                 to
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prince's
                 dignity
                 .
                 The
                 rewards
                 of
                 a
                 Prodigal
                 are
                 not
                 esteem'd
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 common
                 ,
                 and
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 vice
                 of
                 Extravagance
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 vertue
                 of
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 giving
                 all
                 to
                 a
                 few
                 he
                 offends
                 many
                 ;
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 given
                 to
                 some
                 particular
                 ones
                 ,
                 being
                 wanted
                 in
                 general
                 by
                 all
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 
                 gives
                 without
                 care
                 or
                 choice
                 ,
                 enriches
                 indeed
                 ,
                 but
                 rewards
                 not
                 :
                 to
                 give
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 deserve
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 sparing
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 use
                 great
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Judgment
                 in
                 the
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Rewards
                 6
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 well
                 distributed
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 fall
                 on
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 they
                 affect
                 many
                 .
                 The
                 Scriptures
                 command
                 all
                 Offerings
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 with
                 Salt
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 as
                 Prudence
                 7
                 ,
                 equally
                 distant
                 from
                 Prodigality
                 and
                 Avarice
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 generous
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 imitate
                 Aurora
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 passes
                 ,
                 always
                 leaves
                 something
                 ,
                 tho'
                 but
                 Dew
                 and
                 Flowers
                 .
                 Nay
                 often
                 satisfies
                 only
                 with
                 its
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Pleasantness
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 give
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 such
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 putting
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 power
                 to
                 give
                 more
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 content
                 them
                 .
                 Some
                 by
                 Presents
                 ,
                 some
                 by
                 Words
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 by
                 Affability
                 8
                 ;
                 for
                 oftentimes
                 the
                 Eyes
                 give
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Hands
                 .
                 Liberality
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 sometimes
                 in
                 the
                 opinion
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 person
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 Experience
                 teaching
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 sufficient
                 that
                 he
                 express
                 some
                 Demonstrations
                 ,
                 with
                 such
                 Address
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 generally
                 esteem'd
                 liberal
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 avoid
                 Refusals
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 trouble
                 to
                 receive
                 them
                 from
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 What
                 he
                 cannot
                 give
                 to
                 day
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 give
                 to
                 morrow
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 cannot
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 let
                 time
                 discover
                 it
                 than
                 to
                 tell
                 it
                 himself
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 refuses
                 ,
                 either
                 does
                 not
                 distinguish
                 Merit
                 ,
                 or
                 shews
                 his
                 want
                 of
                 Power
                 or
                 Will
                 ,
                 and
                 neither
                 of
                 these
                 Declarations
                 become
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 whose
                 Power
                 and
                 Grandure
                 the
                 Petitioner
                 acknowledges
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 be
                 generous
                 in
                 the
                 Reward
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 but
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 with
                 Offices
                 and
                 Imployments
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Revenues
                 already
                 allotted
                 to
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 the
                 Crown-Rents
                 ,
                 and
                 Treasury
                 reserv'd
                 for
                 greater
                 uses
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 was
                 very
                 liberal
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 Prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 (
                 at
                 his
                 first
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 )
                 slow
                 in
                 the
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Offices
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 gain
                 mens
                 minds
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 reward
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 followed
                 his
                 Party
                 .
                 He
                 knew
                 with
                 great
                 Prudence
                 to
                 mingle
                 Liberality
                 with
                 Frugality
                 .
                 
                 Of
                 which
                 he
                 has
                 not
                 only
                 left
                 us
                 an
                 Example
                 but
                 also
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 words
                 :
                 
                   Kings
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   generous
                   and
                   bountifull
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   term'd
                   Extravagance
                   ;
                   for
                   this
                   vertue
                   of
                   Liberality
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   used
                   with
                   order
                   and
                   measure
                   ,
                   without
                   Detriment
                   to
                   the
                   Crown
                   and
                   Royal
                   Dignity
                
                 †
                 .
                 To
                 lay
                 up
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 employ
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 Avarice
                 ,
                 but
                 premeditated
                 Liberality
                 .
                 To
                 give
                 inconsiderately
                 ,
                 is
                 either
                 Vanity
                 or
                 Folly.
                 By
                 this
                 Parsimony
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 rais'd
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 the
                 Crown
                 by
                 his
                 profuse
                 Extravagance
                 ;
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 Complaints
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 made
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 given
                 the
                 Empress
                 Marth●
                 thirty
                 thousand
                 Marks
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 to
                 redeem
                 her
                 Husband
                 Baldwin
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Sultan
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 retain'd
                 Prisoner
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 more
                 vain
                 than
                 prudent
                 .
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 Second
                 found
                 the
                 damage
                 of
                 having
                 weakned
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 his
                 Crown
                 by
                 his
                 too
                 great
                 Bounty
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 revok'd
                 it
                 by
                 his
                 last
                 Will.
                 Time
                 and
                 Opportunity
                 ought
                 to
                 guide
                 Princes
                 in
                 their
                 Liberality
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 moderated
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Expences
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 publick
                 Necessities
                 are
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 apply'd
                 to
                 avert
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 facilitate
                 Designs
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 saves
                 most
                 ,
                 who
                 spends
                 most
                 :
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 gives
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 spends
                 his
                 Money
                 ,
                 without
                 attaining
                 his
                 end
                 .
                 War
                 is
                 avoided
                 ,
                 and
                 Victory
                 and
                 Peace
                 purchased
                 by
                 Liberality
                 9
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Prodigality
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 may
                 be
                 corrected
                 by
                 committing
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 his
                 Treasures
                 to
                 thrifty
                 frugal
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 his
                 Avarice
                 by
                 generous
                 ones
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 necessary
                 sometimes
                 to
                 let
                 a
                 Prince
                 see
                 the
                 summ
                 of
                 his
                 Liberality
                 ;
                 for
                 Grants
                 are
                 made
                 sometimes
                 without
                 consideration
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 kept
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Expences
                 he
                 would
                 doubtless
                 moderate
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 Liberality
                 to
                 grant
                 Gratuities
                 ,
                 for
                 Avarice
                 is
                 often
                 vanquish'd
                 by
                 Importunity
                 ,
                 or
                 sometimes
                 weary
                 with
                 contending
                 ,
                 grants
                 them
                 through
                 Despair
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 natural
                 to
                 all
                 Princes
                 to
                 give
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 most
                 ;
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 through
                 Fear
                 or
                 Esteem
                 of
                 Power
                 .
                 This
                 that
                 great
                 Courtier
                 Ioseph
                 well
                 understood
                 ,
                 when
                 calling
                 
                 his
                 Father
                 and
                 Brothers
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 offering
                 them
                 in
                 
                 Pharaoh's
                 name
                 all
                 the
                 Good
                 of
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 10
                 ,
                 he
                 bid
                 them
                 bring
                 with
                 them
                 all
                 the
                 Riches
                 and
                 Goods
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 11
                 ;
                 knowing
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 came
                 rich
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 liberal
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 expects
                 Bounty
                 from
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 must
                 not
                 represent
                 to
                 him
                 his
                 Poverty
                 and
                 Misery
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 no
                 more
                 ready
                 means
                 to
                 have
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 have
                 12
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XLI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Motto
                 of
                 this
                 Emblem
                 has
                 been
                 famous
                 to
                 all
                 Antiquity
                 .
                 Some
                 attribute
                 it
                 to
                 Bias
                 ,
                 to
                 
                   Pythagoras
                   ,
                   Thales
                
                 and
                 Homer
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 think
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 reasonably
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 the
                 Delphick
                 Oracles
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 seems
                 rather
                 a
                 Divine
                 than
                 Humane
                 Sentence
                 ,
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 engraven
                 on
                 all
                 the
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 Sceptres
                 ,
                 and
                 Rings
                 of
                 Princes
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 
                 is
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Science
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 consists
                 in
                 avoiding
                 Extreams
                 ,
                 and
                 loves
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 where
                 Vertue
                 keeps
                 its
                 Sphere
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 ask'd
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 Which
                 was
                 the
                 properest
                 Vertue
                 for
                 a
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   Nothing
                   to
                   Excess
                
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 comprehended
                 all
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 Motto
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 seems
                 well
                 suited
                 ;
                 Corn
                 lay'd
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 unseasonable
                 Rain
                 ,
                 when
                 gentle
                 Dews
                 were
                 sufficient
                 1
                 .
                 Honours
                 by
                 being
                 too
                 great
                 suit
                 ill
                 with
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 rather
                 disgrace
                 than
                 adorn
                 them
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 favours
                 so
                 out
                 of
                 season
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 pass
                 for
                 Injuries
                 ;
                 What
                 avails
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 do
                 a
                 benefit
                 ,
                 if
                 by
                 his
                 austere
                 Looks
                 and
                 rugged
                 Words
                 ,
                 he
                 seems
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 ,
                 to
                 throw
                 it
                 at
                 one
                 ,
                 or
                 does
                 it
                 so
                 unseasonably
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 does
                 no
                 kindness
                 .
                 The
                 Benefit
                 and
                 Favour
                 is
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 hand
                 abhorr'd
                 that
                 gave
                 it
                 .
                 Which
                 made
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Rewards
                   should
                   be
                   given
                
                 so
                 ●
                 propos
                 ,
                 
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   beneficial
                   to
                   the
                   Receiver
                
                 †
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 there
                 are
                 errors
                 in
                 Excess
                 of
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Favours
                 ,
                 so
                 there
                 is
                 also
                 in
                 Punishments
                 .
                 Such
                 an
                 exact
                 Rigour
                 better
                 becomes
                 a
                 Minister
                 of
                 Justice
                 than
                 a
                 Prince
                 ;
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 at
                 his
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 the
                 Keys
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 hand
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 Justice
                 which
                 is
                 too
                 severe
                 ,
                 nor
                 Mercy
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 moderate
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 other
                 Vertues
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Moderation
                 a
                 Prince
                 out
                 to
                 observe
                 in
                 the
                 arts
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ,
                 so
                 guiding
                 the
                 Chariot
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 in
                 the
                 Games
                 of
                 old
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Wheels
                 may
                 not
                 touch
                 the
                 Goals
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 broken
                 ;
                 the
                 art
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Racers
                 consisted
                 ,
                 in
                 measuring
                 the
                 distance
                 so
                 exactly
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 pass
                 as
                 near
                 as
                 possible
                 ,
                 without
                 touching
                 eithe●
                 end
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 take
                 most
                 care
                 of
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Moderation
                 of
                 his
                 Passions
                 ,
                 governing
                 them
                 with
                 such
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 neither
                 desire
                 ,
                 hope
                 ,
                 love
                 or
                 fear
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 Ardour
                 and
                 Violence
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 by
                 the
                 Will
                 not
                 by
                 
                 Reason
                 .
                 The
                 desires
                 of
                 private
                 persons
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 accomplish'd
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 of
                 Princes
                 not
                 ,
                 for
                 those
                 are
                 proportion'd
                 to
                 their
                 conditions
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 are
                 usually
                 greater
                 than
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 their
                 Grandure
                 ,
                 tending
                 always
                 to
                 Extreams
                 .
                 Almost
                 all
                 Princes
                 either
                 ruin
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 run
                 into
                 great
                 inconveniences
                 ,
                 through
                 Excess
                 of
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 mans
                 desire
                 being
                 unlimited
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 possibility
                 of
                 things
                 very
                 narrow
                 ,
                 it
                 rarely
                 happens
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 are
                 measured
                 by
                 the
                 latter
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 any
                 Justice
                 between
                 them
                 .
                 Hence
                 Princes
                 seek
                 pretences
                 to
                 rob
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 nay
                 their
                 greatest
                 Friends
                 ,
                 aspiring
                 ever
                 at
                 the
                 enlargement
                 of
                 their
                 State
                 ,
                 without
                 measuring
                 their
                 bodies
                 with
                 their
                 Strength
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Government
                 with
                 Humane
                 Capacity
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 maintain
                 all
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 acquired
                 .
                 The
                 Grandure
                 of
                 Empires
                 lies
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 Shoulders
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 always
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 ;
                 oppress'd
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 weight
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 endeavour
                 to
                 maintain
                 their
                 States
                 ,
                 which
                 either
                 Succession
                 or
                 Election
                 has
                 given
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 just
                 occasion
                 shall
                 offer
                 of
                 enlarging
                 them
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 a
                 God's
                 name
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 such
                 caution
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Event
                 shall
                 shew
                 to
                 Prudence
                 .
              
               
                 Ambition
                 is
                 not
                 less
                 dangerous
                 in
                 the
                 Excess
                 of
                 its
                 Fears
                 than
                 of
                 its
                 Desires
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 acquired
                 by
                 Violence
                 .
                 Fear
                 suggests
                 no
                 means
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 immediately
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 for
                 its
                 preservation
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 line
                 of
                 the
                 party
                 wrong'd
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 one
                 who
                 has
                 the
                 least
                 pretension
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 remote
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 fear'd
                 .
                 Tyranny
                 usually
                 proposes
                 nothing
                 less
                 than
                 a
                 general
                 ruin
                 .
                 Thus
                 Mucianus
                 practis'd
                 ,
                 killing
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Vitellius
                 2
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 also
                 is
                 taugh●
                 in
                 the
                 School
                 of
                 Machiavell
                 ,
                 whose
                 Scholars
                 forgetting
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 David
                 ,
                 who
                 sought
                 out
                 
                 Saul's
                 Relations
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 partake
                 of
                 his
                 Mercy
                 3
                 ,
                 follow
                 that
                 of
                 some
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 all
                 were
                 not
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 these
                 pernicious
                 practices
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 has
                 been
                 preserv'd
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 shall
                 observe
                 )
                 't
                 was
                 by
                 changing
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 Most
                 Kingdoms
                 are
                 augmented
                 by
                 Usurpation
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 legitimated
                 by
                 time
                 .
                 Extreme
                 violence
                 is
                 extreme
                 danger
                 .
                 Cyrus
                 invaded
                 Lydia
                 ,
                 and
                 dispossess'd
                 King
                 Croesus
                 .
                 But
                 had
                 he
                 had
                 any
                 of
                 our
                 Politicians
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 advis'd
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 greater
                 Security
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 taken
                 him
                 off
                 .
                 Yet
                 Cyrus
                 restor'd
                 him
                 one
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 might
                 support
                 his
                 Royal
                 Dignity
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 provok'd
                 the
                 Hatred
                 and
                 Arms
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 shew'd
                 himself
                 cruel
                 4
                 .
                 Tyranny
                 is
                 equally
                 hatefull
                 to
                 God
                 and
                 Man
                 ;
                 nor
                 are
                 there
                 wanting
                 in
                 such
                 cases
                 ,
                 some
                 mild
                 means
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 mind
                 may
                 be
                 diverted
                 ,
                 from
                 shedding
                 Blood
                 ,
                 from
                 breaking
                 the
                 Line
                 of
                 Succession
                 ,
                 from
                 diminishing
                 ,
                 or
                 transferring
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 States
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 off
                 those
                 who
                 may
                 aspire
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ;
                 which
                 had
                 they
                 been
                 observed
                 in
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 that
                 people
                 had
                 never
                 revolted
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 danger
                 is
                 so
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 obliges
                 to
                 Defence
                 and
                 natural
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 strike
                 at
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 sprout
                 again
                 ,
                 keeping
                 a
                 watchfull
                 Eye
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 least
                 it
                 should
                 happen
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 did
                 to
                 the
                 Philistin
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 cut
                 off
                 
                 Sampson's
                 hair
                 ,
                 wherein
                 lay
                 all
                 his
                 Strength
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 ridicule
                 him
                 ,
                 not
                 considering
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 grow
                 again
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 afterwards
                 did
                 5
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 pull'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 upon
                 their
                 Heads
                 6
                 ,
                 killing
                 more
                 Enemies
                 dying
                 than
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 living
                 7
                 .
              
               
                 Inordinate
                 Ambition
                 moreover
                 perswades
                 the
                 Oppression
                 of
                 the
                 liberty
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 the
                 humbling
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 the
                 weakning
                 of
                 the
                 potent
                 and
                 rich
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 reduction
                 of
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 Prerogative
                 ,
                 thinking
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 absolute
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 firm
                 it
                 is
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 lower
                 the
                 people
                 are
                 reduc'd
                 ,
                 the
                 higher
                 its
                 Glory
                 rises
                 ;
                 an
                 error
                 by
                 which
                 Flattery
                 gains
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 leads
                 them
                 into
                 great
                 dangers
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 Modesty
                 that
                 preserves
                 Empires
                 ,
                 so
                 correcting
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 maintain
                 it
                 within
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 his
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 liberty
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 Monarchy
                 is
                 lasting
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 mixt
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 compos'd
                 
                 of
                 Aristocracy
                 and
                 Democracy
                 8
                 .
                 Absolute
                 Power
                 is
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 Whoever
                 promotes
                 that
                 promotes
                 his
                 own
                 ruin
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 govern
                 as
                 the
                 Lord
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 the
                 Father
                 ,
                 the
                 Protector
                 and
                 Governour
                 of
                 his
                 States
                 9
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 disorders
                 of
                 Ambition
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 long
                 use
                 and
                 abuse
                 of
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 which
                 covets
                 all
                 for
                 it self
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 Princes
                 should
                 conquer
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 submit
                 to
                 reason
                 ,
                 however
                 difficult
                 the
                 attempt
                 appear
                 ;
                 for
                 many
                 can
                 conquer
                 others
                 ,
                 few
                 themselves
                 .
                 This
                 Victory
                 is
                 of
                 Force
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 Reason
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 Valour
                 to
                 conquer
                 in
                 Battle
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 subdue
                 the
                 Passions
                 .
                 Obedience
                 and
                 Necessity
                 make
                 Subjects
                 humble
                 and
                 modest
                 ;
                 Superiority
                 and
                 Power
                 render
                 Princes
                 proud
                 ;
                 Pride
                 has
                 destroy'd
                 more
                 Kingdoms
                 than
                 the
                 Sword
                 ;
                 more
                 Princes
                 have
                 ruin'd
                 themselves
                 than
                 have
                 been
                 undone
                 by
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 remedy
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 Prince's
                 knowledge
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 by
                 retiring
                 within
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Scepter
                 distinguishes
                 him
                 from
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 they
                 much
                 exceed
                 him
                 in
                 endowments
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 more
                 noble
                 than
                 his
                 Grandure
                 .
                 That
                 if
                 Reason
                 might
                 take
                 place
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 accomplish'd
                 man
                 would
                 be
                 King.
                 That
                 the
                 hand
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 governs
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 ●lay
                 ,
                 and
                 Subject
                 to
                 the
                 Leprosie
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 human
                 Miseries
                 ,
                 as
                 God
                 gave
                 Moses
                 to
                 understand
                 10
                 ,
                 that
                 knowing
                 his
                 own
                 Miseries
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 pity
                 those
                 of
                 others
                 11
                 .
                 That
                 a
                 Crown
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 unsafe
                 Possession
                 ,
                 for
                 between
                 the
                 utmost
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 lowest
                 fall
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Interposition
                 12
                 .
                 That
                 he
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 since
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 obey
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 but
                 like
                 other
                 men
                 .
                 The
                 greater
                 the
                 Prince
                 shall
                 be
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 esteem
                 this
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 since
                 God
                 himself
                 does
                 not
                 
                 disdain
                 it
                 13
                 .
                 Modesty
                 which
                 hides
                 Greatness
                 under
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 like
                 rich
                 Enamel
                 upon
                 Gold
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 it
                 the
                 greater
                 Value
                 and
                 Esteem
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 had
                 no
                 Artifice
                 more
                 cunning
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 appear
                 modest
                 to
                 gain
                 Esteem
                 .
                 He
                 severely
                 reprehended
                 those
                 who
                 call'd
                 his
                 Occupations
                 Divine
                 ,
                 and
                 him
                 Lord
                 14
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 went
                 into
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 the
                 President
                 to
                 quit
                 his
                 seat
                 ,
                 but
                 sat
                 down
                 upon
                 one
                 corner
                 of
                 the
                 Bench
                 15
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 is
                 gotten
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 step
                 among
                 men
                 ,
                 cannot
                 rise
                 but
                 by
                 stooping
                 .
                 Let
                 all
                 Princes
                 learn
                 Modesty
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 familiar
                 and
                 affable
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 made
                 himself
                 lov'd
                 rather
                 than
                 reverenc'd
                 .
                 In
                 him
                 Goodness
                 and
                 Modesty
                 were
                 conspicuous
                 ,
                 and
                 Majesty
                 found
                 but
                 by
                 Attention
                 :
                 He
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 Imperial
                 Eagle
                 with
                 a
                 sharp
                 Beak
                 ,
                 and
                 bare
                 Talons
                 ,
                 threatning
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 tender
                 Pelican
                 ,
                 continually
                 digging
                 his
                 own
                 Intrails
                 to
                 feed
                 his
                 people
                 as
                 his
                 own
                 young
                 .
                 It
                 cost
                 him
                 no
                 pains
                 to
                 humble
                 his
                 Grandure
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 himself
                 equal
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 Master
                 but
                 Father
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 excess
                 of
                 Modesty
                 often
                 causes
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 to
                 him
                 it
                 created
                 more
                 Respect
                 ,
                 and
                 oblig'd
                 all
                 Nations
                 to
                 his
                 Service
                 and
                 Defence
                 .
                 See
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 true
                 Goodness
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 gre●t
                 Soul
                 ,
                 which
                 triumphs
                 over
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 superiour
                 to
                 Fortune
                 !
                 He
                 has
                 left
                 us
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Emperour
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 the
                 lively
                 Portraicture
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 qualities
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 steals
                 the
                 Hearts
                 both
                 of
                 Friends
                 and
                 Enemies
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 vertue
                 more
                 agreeable
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 than
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 all
                 others
                 would
                 be
                 foolish
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 did
                 not
                 adjust
                 his
                 Looks
                 and
                 Actions
                 ,
                 not
                 permitting
                 them
                 to
                 exceed
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Government
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 convenient
                 not
                 to
                 touch
                 upon
                 Extremes
                 ,
                 for
                 too
                 great
                 Condescension
                 is
                 not
                 less
                 prejudicial
                 than
                 a
                 haughty
                 Grandure
                 .
                 Monastick
                 Communities
                 may
                 perhaps
                 suffer
                 the
                 Rigour
                 of
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 popular
                 ones
                 .
                 Such
                 rigid
                 Discipline
                 may
                 keep
                 a
                 few
                 in
                 awe
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 not
                 many
                 .
                 Civil
                 Happiness
                 consists
                 in
                 vertue
                 ,
                 which
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 as
                 does
                 civil
                 L●fe
                 and
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 States
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Empire
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 people
                 may
                 take
                 it
                 away
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 too
                 much
                 Licence
                 ,
                 or
                 render'd
                 obstinate
                 by
                 too
                 much
                 Rigour
                 .
                 In
                 Government
                 we
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 should
                 be
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 may
                 be
                 16
                 .
                 Even
                 God
                 adapts
                 himself
                 to
                 human
                 Frailty
                 .
              
               
                 Between
                 these
                 Extremes
                 also
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 should
                 be
                 constituted
                 ,
                 care
                 being
                 taken
                 that
                 there
                 mayn't
                 be
                 too
                 great
                 difference
                 in
                 the
                 conditions
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 for
                 excess
                 or
                 inequality
                 of
                 Riches
                 or
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 much
                 ,
                 creates
                 in
                 some
                 Pride
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 others
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 proceed
                 Enmity
                 and
                 Seditions
                 17
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 Friendship
                 or
                 civil
                 Agreement
                 among
                 them
                 who
                 are
                 so
                 unequal
                 in
                 their
                 Conditions
                 and
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 hate
                 equality
                 ,
                 and
                 covet
                 more
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 govern
                 as
                 Lords
                 ,
                 or
                 obey
                 as
                 Slaves
                 18
                 .
                 Some
                 too
                 haughty
                 contemn
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 despise
                 Obedience
                 ;
                 Others
                 too
                 servile
                 ,
                 know
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 bear
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 neither
                 Fear
                 of
                 Infamy
                 nor
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 hence
                 there
                 would
                 become
                 a
                 Community
                 of
                 Lords
                 and
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 respect
                 between
                 themselves
                 ,
                 since
                 neither
                 would
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 measure
                 themselves
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 condition
                 .
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 lowest
                 quality
                 pretend
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 higher
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 are
                 equal
                 or
                 superiour
                 in
                 one
                 thing
                 ,
                 think
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 all
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 have
                 the
                 advantage
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 can't
                 contain
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 despising
                 every
                 one
                 would
                 proudly
                 lord
                 it
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 without
                 Obedience
                 to
                 him
                 who
                 commands
                 ,
                 or
                 adapting
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Constitutions
                 and
                 Customs
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 whence
                 proceeds
                 its
                 ruin
                 and
                 conversion
                 into
                 other
                 Forms
                 19
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 sigh
                 and
                 are
                 
                 uneasie
                 under
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 impossible
                 intirely
                 to
                 remedy
                 this
                 contention
                 in
                 States
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 condition
                 of
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 consist
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 they
                 preserv'd
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 moderate
                 ,
                 and
                 ruin'd
                 if
                 excessive
                 .
                 As
                 it
                 happens
                 in
                 the
                 four
                 Humours
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Blood
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 noble
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Choler
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 ,
                 yet
                 do
                 they
                 mutually
                 preserve
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 while
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 great
                 Inequality
                 between
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 State
                 will
                 continue
                 long
                 ,
                 which
                 consists
                 of
                 moderate
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 much
                 unequal
                 between
                 themselves
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 the
                 extravagant
                 Riches
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 which
                 caus'd
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Florence
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 at
                 present
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 troubles
                 of
                 Genoua
                 .
                 Because
                 in
                 Venice
                 they
                 are
                 better
                 divided
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 continued
                 so
                 many
                 Ages
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 happen
                 any
                 danger
                 or
                 inconvenience
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 through
                 the
                 too
                 great
                 poverty
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 its
                 Magistrates
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 Republick
                 has
                 been
                 preserv'd
                 for
                 all
                 these
                 disorders
                 and
                 excess
                 of
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 through
                 the
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Industry
                 of
                 the
                 Governour
                 ,
                 who
                 keeps
                 it
                 in
                 its
                 Devoir
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 discreet
                 means
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 wrong
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 nor
                 violate
                 the
                 Privileges
                 and
                 Conveniencies
                 of
                 the
                 Poor
                 ,
                 to
                 employ
                 the
                 great
                 ones
                 in
                 the
                 Administration
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Offices
                 ;
                 in
                 fine
                 not
                 to
                 oppress
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 encourage
                 the
                 hope
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 of
                 an
                 high
                 and
                 enterprising
                 Spirit
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 will
                 continue
                 no
                 longer
                 than
                 it
                 has
                 prudent
                 Governours
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 States
                 can't
                 be
                 sufficiently
                 provided
                 for
                 by
                 these
                 temporal
                 Remedies
                 ,
                 which
                 depend
                 upon
                 chance
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 in
                 their
                 first
                 Institution
                 ,
                 to
                 provide
                 means
                 to
                 correct
                 these
                 Excesses
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 happen
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XLII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 I
                 Am
                 indebted
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 this
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Civility
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Pope
                 Urban
                 the
                 VIIIth
                 .
                 his
                 Holiness
                 having
                 been
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 shew
                 me
                 upon
                 a
                 precious
                 Stone
                 ,
                 engraven
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 two
                 Bees
                 drawing
                 a
                 Plough
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 found
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ;
                 a
                 Presage
                 of
                 the
                 rise
                 of
                 his
                 noble
                 and
                 ancient
                 Family
                 ,
                 his
                 Arms
                 being
                 joyn'd
                 to
                 the
                 triumphant
                 Yoak
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 .
                 Which
                 upon
                 Reflection
                 put
                 me
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 a
                 Prodigy
                 of
                 King
                 Wamb●
                 ,
                 when
                 being
                 anointed
                 by
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 seen
                 to
                 spring
                 from
                 his
                 head
                 a
                 Bee
                 ,
                 which
                 flew
                 streight
                 towards
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 prognosticating
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 :
                 from
                 whence
                 I
                 infer
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Ancients
                 would
                 shew
                 by
                 this
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 how
                 necessary
                 't
                 was
                 to
                 mingle
                 ,
                 Profit
                 with
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 the
                 art
                 of
                 making
                 Honey
                 ,
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 Agricultura
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 Motto
                 to
                 which
                 ,
                 I
                 thought
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 that
                 Verse
                 of
                 Horace
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 .
              
               
               
                 Omne
                 tu●it
                 punctum
                 ,
                 qui
                 miscuit
                 utile
                 dulci.
              
               
                 Hor.
                 
              
               
                 Who
                 mixes
                 gain
                 with
                 Sport
                 gains
                 er'y
                 point
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 consists
                 the
                 main
                 art
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 piece
                 of
                 Policy
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 ;
                 this
                 the
                 ancient
                 Philosophy
                 taught
                 us
                 ,
                 ●eigning
                 that
                 Orpheus
                 made
                 Beasts
                 follow
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 Stones
                 danc'd
                 to
                 
                 Amphion's
                 Harp
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 built
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 to
                 signifie
                 that
                 the
                 mild
                 instruction
                 of
                 those
                 great
                 persons
                 were
                 sufficient
                 to
                 reduce
                 men
                 ,
                 not
                 less
                 savage
                 than
                 Brutes
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 insensible
                 than
                 Stones
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Harmony
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 civil
                 Society
                 †
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Arts
                 all
                 States
                 have
                 used
                 to
                 instruct
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 mingling
                 Instruction
                 with
                 Sport
                 and
                 publick
                 Games
                 .
                 All
                 Greece
                 flock'd
                 to
                 Mount
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 
                   Olympian
                   ,
                   Pythian
                   ,
                   Nemaean
                
                 and
                 Isthmian
                 Games
                 ;
                 some
                 out
                 of
                 curiosity
                 to
                 see
                 them
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 obtain
                 the
                 propos'd
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 they
                 exercis'd
                 their
                 Strength
                 ,
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 treated
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 important
                 affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 those
                 Provinces
                 .
                 Comedies
                 and
                 Tragedies
                 were
                 also
                 invented
                 to
                 purge
                 the
                 Affections
                 .
                 The
                 Gladiators
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bull-fights
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 also
                 are
                 diverted
                 with
                 terrible
                 and
                 desperate
                 Enterprizes
                 )
                 were
                 to
                 confirm
                 the
                 Mind
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 daunted
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 neither
                 of
                 Blood
                 nor
                 Death
                 .
                 Wrestling
                 ,
                 Tilting
                 ,
                 Horse-races
                 *
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 such
                 Sports
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 Schools
                 in
                 which
                 Arts
                 military
                 are
                 learn'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Mind
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 recreated
                 and
                 diverted
                 .
                 The
                 people
                 must
                 be
                 drawn
                 by
                 Flattery
                 and
                 Mildness
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Conveniencies
                 and
                 Designs
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 like
                 a
                 Horse
                 which
                 being
                 gently
                 stroak'd
                 into
                 Temper
                 takes
                 the
                 Bitt
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 submits
                 to
                 Burthens
                 and
                 the
                 Lash
                 .
                 They
                 can't
                 
                 bear
                 too
                 much
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 or
                 too
                 much
                 Gentleness
                 .
                 Excess
                 of
                 Liberty
                 is
                 as
                 dangerous
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 Excess
                 of
                 Slavery
                 1
                 .
                 Princes
                 who
                 have
                 wanted
                 this
                 consideration
                 have
                 felt
                 the
                 rage
                 of
                 the
                 incensed
                 Multitude
                 .
                 Inveterate
                 distempers
                 are
                 not
                 always
                 to
                 be
                 cured
                 by
                 the
                 Knife
                 and
                 Fire
                 .
                 They
                 require
                 soothing
                 Medicines
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 need
                 of
                 bitter
                 Pills
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 well
                 gilt
                 ,
                 to
                 deceive
                 the
                 Sight
                 and
                 Tast.
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 necessary
                 that
                 the
                 people
                 should
                 know
                 the
                 Ingredients
                 of
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Resolutions
                 and
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 sufficient
                 that
                 they
                 swallow
                 them
                 upon
                 any
                 Pretext
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Dangers
                 and
                 Hardships
                 of
                 War
                 are
                 sweeten'd
                 by
                 the
                 mildness
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 Thus
                 Germanicus
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Ger●●●
                 Legions
                 in
                 obedience
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 ready
                 for
                 Battle
                 ,
                 us'd
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 wounded
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 notice
                 of
                 their
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 commend
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 gaining
                 some
                 by
                 hope
                 ,
                 others
                 by
                 good
                 words
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 made
                 them
                 eager
                 to
                 fight
                 2
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 goodness
                 alone
                 is
                 not
                 effectual
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 need
                 also
                 of
                 some
                 eminent
                 Vertue
                 in
                 the
                 Commander
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 beloved
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 respected
                 for
                 this
                 .
                 Many
                 times
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 beloved
                 for
                 his
                 extraordinary
                 goodness
                 ,
                 and
                 despised
                 for
                 his
                 Insufficiency
                 .
                 Respect
                 proceeds
                 not
                 from
                 Love
                 ,
                 but
                 Admiration
                 .
                 He
                 obliges
                 all
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 courage
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 makes
                 himself
                 beloved
                 ;
                 who
                 knowing
                 how
                 to
                 execute
                 Justice
                 ,
                 knows
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 mercifull
                 .
                 Goodness
                 is
                 often
                 interpreted
                 Softness
                 and
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 in
                 him
                 who
                 has
                 no
                 other
                 Vertues
                 to
                 recommend
                 him
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 of
                 such
                 force
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 soften
                 his
                 Se●erity
                 and
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 being
                 recompenc'd
                 by
                 them
                 .
                 Even
                 great
                 Vices
                 are
                 excus'd
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 conniv'd
                 at
                 in
                 him
                 who
                 is
                 Master
                 also
                 of
                 great
                 Vertues
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Negotiations
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 convenient
                 to
                 mingle
                 Sweetness
                 with
                 Gravity
                 ,
                 and
                 Jests
                 with
                 Truth
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 be
                 
                   à
                   propos
                
                 ,
                 without
                 Offence
                 to
                 good
                 Manners
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Gravity
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 well
                 skill'd
                 3
                 .
                 
                 There
                 's
                 none
                 can
                 endure
                 a
                 melancholy
                 roughness
                 ,
                 a
                 look
                 always
                 set
                 to
                 business
                 ,
                 a
                 grave
                 Speech
                 and
                 a
                 formal
                 Behaviour
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 Prudence
                 sometimes
                 to
                 mix
                 a
                 little
                 folly
                 in
                 Counsels
                 4
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 well
                 apply'd
                 't
                 is
                 Wisdom
                 5
                 .
                 A
                 happy
                 thought
                 and
                 a
                 word
                 in
                 season
                 gains
                 peoples
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 difficult
                 Affairs
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 proposed
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 discovers
                 the
                 Intention
                 ,
                 deceives
                 Malice
                 ,
                 diverts
                 Offence
                 ,
                 and
                 prevents
                 a
                 positive
                 Answer
                 where
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 convenient
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 ought
                 also
                 in
                 Negotiations
                 to
                 mingle
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 those
                 whom
                 we
                 would
                 perswade
                 ,
                 shewing
                 them
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 their
                 interest
                 as
                 well
                 ours
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 are
                 mov'd
                 by
                 self-interest
                 ,
                 few
                 by
                 Obligation
                 and
                 Glory
                 .
                 Sejanus
                 ,
                 to
                 incite
                 Drusus
                 to
                 the
                 Murther
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 Nero
                 ,
                 set
                 before
                 him
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 The
                 skill
                 of
                 a
                 prudent
                 Minister
                 consists
                 in
                 facilitating
                 affairs
                 with
                 others
                 interests
                 ,
                 disposing
                 the
                 Treaty
                 so
                 ,
                 that
                 theirs
                 and
                 his
                 own
                 Prince's
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 To
                 desire
                 to
                 negotiate
                 affairs
                 by
                 self-interest
                 only
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 bring
                 water
                 in
                 broken
                 pipes
                 ;
                 where
                 one
                 receives
                 it
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 all
                 receive
                 Assistance
                 and
                 Advantage
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XLIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 ALL
                 things
                 as
                 well
                 animate
                 as
                 inanimate
                 are
                 Leaves
                 of
                 this
                 great
                 Book
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 the
                 Work
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 wherein
                 divine
                 Wisdom
                 has
                 written
                 all
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 to
                 teach
                 and
                 instruct
                 us
                 how
                 to
                 act
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 moral
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 found
                 in
                 Animals
                 .
                 Practick
                 Prudence
                 is
                 born
                 in
                 them
                 ;
                 in
                 us
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 acquired
                 but
                 by
                 Instruction
                 and
                 Experience
                 .
                 We
                 may
                 learn
                 from
                 them
                 without
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Shame
                 of
                 our
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 informs
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 is
                 Author
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 put
                 on
                 their
                 Nature
                 ,
                 or
                 desire
                 to
                 imitate
                 them
                 in
                 acting
                 like
                 them
                 irrationally
                 ,
                 hurried
                 by
                 the
                 Appetite
                 of
                 our
                 Affections
                 and
                 Passions
                 .
                 would
                 be
                 giving
                 an
                 affront
                 to
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 proper
                 Gift
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 is
                 distinguished
                 from
                 other
                 Animals
                 ,
                 and
                 merits
                 the
                 command
                 over
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Reason
                 are
                 without
                 Justice
                 ,
                 each
                 aiming
                 at
                 nothing
                 but
                 its
                 own
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 without
                 respecting
                 Injuries
                 done
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 
                 Man
                 justifies
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 measures
                 them
                 by
                 Equity
                 ,
                 doing
                 nothing
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 done
                 unto
                 himself
                 .
                 Whence
                 may
                 be
                 inferr'd
                 how
                 impious
                 and
                 inhuman
                 is
                 the
                 design
                 of
                 Machiavel
                 ,
                 who
                 forms
                 his
                 Prince
                 upon
                 another
                 Supposition
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Lion
                 and
                 the
                 Fox
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 he
                 can't
                 attain
                 by
                 reason
                 he
                 may
                 by
                 force
                 and
                 fraud
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 instructed
                 by
                 Lysander
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 who
                 advis'd
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 that
                 where
                 the
                 Lion's
                 skin
                 fail'd
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 put
                 on
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Fox
                 ,
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 his
                 Tricks
                 and
                 Artifices
                 .
                 This
                 Doctrine
                 is
                 of
                 long
                 standing
                 .
                 Polybius
                 reprehends
                 it
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 and
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Ages
                 1
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 King
                 Saul
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 Lesson
                 to
                 all
                 2
                 .
                 This
                 Maxim
                 has
                 encreas'd
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 Injustice
                 nor
                 Indecency
                 ,
                 but
                 appears
                 honourable
                 to
                 Policy
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Dominion
                 3
                 ,
                 thinking
                 that
                 Prince
                 lives
                 precariously
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 tied
                 up
                 to
                 Law
                 and
                 Justice
                 4
                 .
                 Whence
                 they
                 regard
                 not
                 Breach
                 of
                 Treaties
                 ,
                 Faith
                 ,
                 or
                 Religion
                 it self
                 ,
                 when
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 or
                 Augmentation
                 of
                 Empire
                 .
                 Upon
                 these
                 false
                 foundations
                 Duke
                 Valentine
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 raise
                 his
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 but
                 before
                 he
                 had
                 finish'd
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 fell
                 with
                 that
                 violence
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 Fragments
                 and
                 Ruins
                 of
                 it
                 were
                 lost
                 .
                 How
                 can
                 that
                 last
                 which
                 is
                 founded
                 upon
                 Deceit
                 and
                 Lyes
                 ?
                 How
                 can
                 that
                 subsist
                 which
                 is
                 violent
                 ?
                 What
                 force
                 can
                 there
                 be
                 in
                 Contracts
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 be
                 their
                 security
                 ,
                 is
                 himself
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 breaks
                 them
                 ?
                 Who
                 will
                 put
                 any
                 confidence
                 in
                 him
                 ?
                 How
                 can
                 his
                 Empire
                 stand
                 ,
                 who
                 trusts
                 more
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Artifices
                 than
                 to
                 divine
                 Providence
                 .
                 Nor
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 would
                 I
                 have
                 a
                 Prince
                 so
                 mild
                 ,
                 as
                 never
                 to
                 use
                 force
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 candid
                 and
                 sincere
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 dissemble
                 ,
                 nor
                 provide
                 against
                 Deceit
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 he
                 would
                 live
                 exposed
                 to
                 Malice
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 play'd
                 upon
                 by
                 all
                 .
                 My
                 design
                 in
                 this
                 Emblem
                 
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 indued
                 with
                 Valour
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 with
                 that
                 brutish
                 and
                 irrational
                 Courage
                 of
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 attended
                 by
                 Justice
                 ,
                 signified
                 by
                 the
                 Lyon's
                 Skin
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Hercules
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 cover
                 his
                 Face
                 with
                 a
                 Frown
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 oppose
                 Fraud
                 .
                 He
                 should
                 not
                 always
                 appear
                 mild
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 occasions
                 when
                 he
                 must
                 put
                 on
                 the
                 Lion's
                 Skin
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Subjects
                 and
                 Enemies
                 may
                 see
                 his
                 Claws
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 thought
                 so
                 severe
                 ,
                 that
                 Fraud
                 may
                 not
                 have
                 the
                 boldness
                 to
                 attack
                 him
                 with
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 which
                 way
                 it
                 uses
                 to
                 tame
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 Princes
                 .
                 This
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 would
                 intimate
                 ,
                 by
                 putting
                 a
                 Lion's
                 Skin
                 upon
                 their
                 Prince's
                 head
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Respect
                 nor
                 Reverence
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 fear
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 perceiving
                 their
                 Prince
                 can't
                 be
                 angry
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 nothing
                 can
                 alter
                 his
                 mild
                 Temper
                 ,
                 always
                 despise
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 Severity
                 need
                 not
                 immediately
                 come
                 to
                 Execution
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 really
                 angry
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 appear
                 so
                 .
                 The
                 Lion
                 without
                 discomposing
                 himself
                 ,
                 or
                 thinking
                 of
                 hurting
                 any
                 other
                 Animals
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 very
                 Looks
                 infuses
                 dread
                 into
                 all
                 ;
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 Majestick
                 force
                 of
                 his
                 Eyes
                 5
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 't
                 is
                 convenient
                 sometimes
                 to
                 gild
                 force
                 with
                 craft
                 ,
                 and
                 indignation
                 with
                 mildness
                 ,
                 to
                 dissemble
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 accommodate
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 times
                 and
                 persons
                 :
                 therefore
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Devise
                 ,
                 the
                 Lion's
                 head
                 is
                 not
                 crown'd
                 with
                 the
                 little
                 tricks
                 of
                 the
                 Fox
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 mean
                 and
                 base
                 ,
                 and
                 below
                 the
                 Generosity
                 and
                 Magnanimity
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 carefull
                 and
                 prudent
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 sacred
                 Writs
                 the
                 Hieroglyfick
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 cunning
                 in
                 defending
                 their
                 heads
                 ,
                 in
                 stopping
                 their
                 Ears
                 against
                 all
                 Inchantments
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 other
                 things
                 only
                 tending
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 preservation
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 accidents
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 these
                 words
                 as
                 a
                 Motto
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Devise
                 ,
                 
                   that
                   he
                   may
                   know
                   how
                   to
                   reign
                   ,
                
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 Motto
                 of
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Eleventh
                 King
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   who
                   knows
                   not
                   how
                   to
                   dissemble
                   ,
                   knows
                   
                   not
                   how
                   to
                   reign
                   .
                
                 In
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 art
                 of
                 Government
                 is
                 briefly
                 comprehended
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 need
                 of
                 great
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Circumspection
                 ,
                 least
                 this
                 Power
                 should
                 turn
                 to
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Policy
                 to
                 Fraud
                 :
                 These
                 Mediums
                 nearly
                 bordering
                 upon
                 Vices
                 .
                 
                   Iustus
                   Lipsius
                
                 defining
                 Fraud
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   't
                   is
                   shrewd
                   Counsel
                   ,
                   deviating
                   from
                   Vertue
                   and
                   the
                   Laws
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   the
                   King
                   and
                   Kingdom
                
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 avoiding
                 the
                 Extremes
                 of
                 Machiavel
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 govern
                 without
                 some
                 Fraud
                 and
                 cunning
                 ,
                 he
                 advises
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 tolerates
                 Mediocrity
                 ,
                 but
                 forbids
                 Extremes
                 ;
                 bounds
                 very
                 dangerous
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 For
                 who
                 can
                 exactly
                 describe
                 them
                 ?
                 there
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 such
                 Rocks
                 so
                 near
                 politick
                 Navigation
                 .
                 The
                 malice
                 of
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 ambition
                 of
                 Rule
                 ,
                 act
                 sufficiently
                 in
                 many
                 ;
                 if
                 Fraud
                 be
                 vicious
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 vicious
                 in
                 its
                 least
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 unworthy
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 The
                 worth
                 and
                 dignity
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Purple
                 ,
                 disdains
                 the
                 least
                 ●spot
                 .
                 The
                 minutest
                 Atom
                 is
                 visible
                 ,
                 and
                 blemishes
                 the
                 Rays
                 of
                 these
                 terrestrial
                 Suns
                 .
                 And
                 how
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 suffer'd
                 that
                 his
                 actions
                 should
                 deviate
                 from
                 Vertue
                 and
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 very
                 Soul
                 thereof
                 ?
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Fraud
                 without
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 malice
                 and
                 falshood
                 ,
                 both
                 opposite
                 to
                 Royal
                 Magnanimity
                 ;
                 though
                 
                   Plato
                   says
                   ,
                   That
                   Falshood
                   is
                   superfluous
                   in
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   they
                   having
                   no
                   need
                   on
                   't
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   in
                   Princes
                   who
                   have
                   great
                   occasion
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   therefore
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   allow'd
                   them
                   sometimes
                   .
                
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 unlawfull
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 allow'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 ought
                 we
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 means
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 nature
                 wicked
                 ,
                 to
                 obtain
                 just
                 and
                 honourable
                 ends
                 .
                 Dissimulation
                 and
                 Cunning
                 are
                 then
                 only
                 lawfull
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 don't
                 drive
                 to
                 Knavery
                 ,
                 and
                 prejudice
                 the
                 Authority
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 case
                 I
                 don't
                 esteem
                 them
                 as
                 Vices
                 but
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Daughters
                 thereof
                 ,
                 being
                 both
                 advantageous
                 and
                 necessary
                 to
                 a
                 Commander
                 :
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 if
                 Prudence
                 respecting
                 its
                 own
                 preservation
                 ,
                 would
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Fraud
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 different
                 circumstances
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 persons
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Heart
                 and
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 the
                 Mind
                 and
                 Words
                 may
                 ever
                 agree
                 .
                 That
                 Dissimulation
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 avoided
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 fraudulent
                 intentions
                 belyes
                 the
                 things
                 designed
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 would
                 make
                 another
                 understand
                 that
                 
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 which
                 would
                 make
                 him
                 not
                 understand
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 For
                 this
                 end
                 one
                 may
                 sometimes
                 use
                 indifferent
                 and
                 equivocating
                 words
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 cheat
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 secure
                 ones
                 self
                 ,
                 and
                 prevent
                 being
                 cheated
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 other
                 lawfull
                 ends
                 .
                 Thus
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 Master
                 of
                 truth
                 himself
                 pretended
                 to
                 his
                 Disciples
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 going
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Emmaus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 going
                 farther
                 6
                 .
                 The
                 counterfeit
                 folly
                 of
                 David
                 before
                 King
                 Ac●is
                 7
                 ;
                 the
                 pretended
                 Sacrifice
                 of
                 Samuel
                 8
                 ;
                 the
                 Kids
                 skins
                 fitted
                 to
                 
                 Iacob's
                 hands
                 9
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 lawfull
                 Dissimulations
                 ,
                 the
                 intent
                 not
                 being
                 to
                 cheat
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 hide
                 another
                 design
                 ,
                 nor
                 are
                 they
                 the
                 less
                 allowable
                 ,
                 because
                 one
                 foresees
                 that
                 another
                 will
                 thereby
                 be
                 deceiv'd
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 knowledge
                 proceeds
                 not
                 from
                 malice
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 caution
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 these
                 arts
                 and
                 practices
                 are
                 then
                 chiefly
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 treat
                 with
                 designing
                 and
                 crafty
                 Princes
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 such
                 case
                 ,
                 Distrust
                 ,
                 Cunning
                 ,
                 Hypocrisie
                 ,
                 ambiguous
                 Replies
                 ,
                 prudent
                 Equivocation
                 ,
                 least
                 a
                 Prince
                 should
                 be
                 ins●ared
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 occasion
                 for
                 others
                 Plots
                 and
                 Machinations
                 ,
                 defending
                 himself
                 with
                 these
                 arts
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 offending
                 or
                 violating
                 his
                 publick
                 Faith
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 this
                 but
                 being
                 upon
                 his
                 Guard
                 ?
                 That
                 Ingenuity
                 is
                 foolish
                 ,
                 which
                 frankly
                 discovers
                 its
                 secret
                 Sentiments
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 State
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 danger
                 without
                 some
                 caution
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 dangerous
                 sincerity
                 to
                 speak
                 truth
                 always
                 ,
                 since
                 secrecy
                 is
                 the
                 chief
                 instrument
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 Whatever
                 Prince
                 intrusts
                 a
                 secret
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 intrusts
                 his
                 Sceptre
                 too
                 :
                 It
                 does
                 not
                 become
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 lye
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 does
                 to
                 be
                 silent
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 conceal
                 truth
                 ;
                 not
                 to
                 trust
                 or
                 confide
                 in
                 any
                 one
                 rashly
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 be
                 wary
                 and
                 circumspect
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 mayn't
                 be
                 cheated
                 .
                 This
                 caution
                 is
                 extremely
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 expos'd
                 to
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 dangers
                 .
                 He
                 
                 who
                 knows
                 and
                 sees
                 most
                 ,
                 believes
                 and
                 trusts
                 least
                 ,
                 because
                 either
                 Speculation
                 ,
                 or
                 Practice
                 and
                 Experience
                 renders
                 him
                 cautious
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince's
                 mind
                 therefore
                 be
                 sincere
                 and
                 pure
                 ;
                 yet
                 skill'd
                 in
                 the
                 arts
                 and
                 practices
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 Experience
                 will
                 shew
                 in
                 what
                 cases
                 it
                 becomes
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 use
                 these
                 arts
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 shall
                 observe
                 that
                 the
                 Malice
                 and
                 Stratagems
                 of
                 those
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 deals
                 requires
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 all
                 other
                 actions
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 discover
                 a
                 Royal
                 Candor
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 even
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 would
                 deceive
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 interpret
                 it
                 favourably
                 ,
                 their
                 designs
                 are
                 broken
                 and
                 begin
                 to
                 flag
                 :
                 besides
                 no
                 Fraud
                 is
                 so
                 generous
                 as
                 Truth
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 can
                 be
                 sure
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 him
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 private
                 secrets
                 of
                 their
                 Souls
                 ,
                 without
                 arming
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 like
                 practices
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 .
                 What
                 Nets
                 are
                 not
                 spread
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 Stratagems
                 contrived
                 for
                 the
                 Cunning
                 and
                 Subtilty
                 of
                 the
                 Fox
                 ?
                 who
                 ever
                 set
                 snares
                 for
                 the
                 tame
                 innocence
                 of
                 the
                 Swallow
                 ?
              
               
                 Those
                 Princes
                 whom
                 the
                 world
                 admires
                 for
                 their
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Conduct
                 can't
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 art
                 ;
                 for
                 none
                 will
                 believe
                 that
                 their
                 actions
                 are
                 guided
                 by
                 chance
                 or
                 sincerity
                 ;
                 the
                 demonstrations
                 of
                 their
                 truth
                 are
                 taken
                 for
                 counterfeit
                 :
                 In
                 them
                 Caution
                 is
                 accounted
                 Malice
                 ;
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 Dissimulation
                 ;
                 and
                 Circumspection
                 ,
                 Deceit
                 .
                 Some
                 charge
                 his
                 Catholick
                 Majesty
                 with
                 these
                 Vices
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 natural
                 Vivacity
                 of
                 his
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 continual
                 experience
                 in
                 War
                 and
                 Peace
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 treacherous
                 dealing
                 ,
                 unsincerity
                 of
                 the
                 times
                 ,
                 defending
                 himself
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Enemies
                 were
                 either
                 taken
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Snares
                 ,
                 or
                 wholly
                 broken
                 by
                 Counsel
                 and
                 Time.
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 some
                 Princes
                 feign
                 Sincerity
                 and
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 palliate
                 their
                 intentions
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 Malice
                 may
                 not
                 so
                 easily
                 trace
                 them
                 .
                 So
                 Domitian
                 did
                 10
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 who
                 would
                 be
                 thought
                 wise
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 is
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 not
                 so
                 .
                 To
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 ignorant
                 seasonably
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 Prudence
                 :
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 more
                 advantageous
                 ,
                 nothing
                 more
                 difficult
                 than
                 to
                 be
                 wise
                 with
                 Moderation
                 :
                 
                 this
                 Tacitus
                 commends
                 in
                 Agricola
                 11
                 .
                 All
                 conspire
                 against
                 the
                 most
                 knowing
                 ,
                 either
                 through
                 Envy
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 own
                 ignorance
                 ;
                 or
                 perhaps
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 suspect
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 cannot
                 comprehend
                 .
                 Saul
                 seeing
                 that
                 David
                 was
                 too
                 wise
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 cautious
                 of
                 him
                 12
                 .
              
               
                 Other
                 Princes
                 appear
                 diverted
                 in
                 their
                 actions
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 act
                 casually
                 and
                 without
                 design
                 .
                 But
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 Malice
                 of
                 Policy
                 now
                 a
                 days
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 not
                 only
                 penetrates
                 those
                 arts
                 ,
                 but
                 cavils
                 too
                 at
                 the
                 most
                 plain
                 sincerity
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 prejudice
                 of
                 Truth
                 and
                 Publick
                 Tranquility
                 .
                 There
                 being
                 nothing
                 that
                 is
                 interpreted
                 rightly
                 ;
                 and
                 Truth
                 consisting
                 in
                 one
                 point
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 circumference
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 Malice
                 may
                 take
                 aim
                 ,
                 being
                 infinite
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 into
                 great
                 errors
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 wrest
                 from
                 anothers
                 words
                 and
                 actions
                 a
                 different
                 sense
                 from
                 what
                 they
                 appear
                 ;
                 and
                 interpreting
                 others
                 Designs
                 in
                 the
                 worst
                 sense
                 ,
                 cause
                 both
                 parties
                 to
                 arm
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 continual
                 Distrust
                 and
                 Jealousie
                 of
                 each
                 other
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 is
                 most
                 ingenious
                 in
                 these
                 Suspicions
                 is
                 farthest
                 from
                 Truth
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 the
                 acuteness
                 of
                 his
                 wit
                 he
                 penetrates
                 farther
                 than
                 what
                 is
                 generally
                 comprehended
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 are
                 often
                 positive
                 of
                 that
                 in
                 others
                 which
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 deceit
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 imagination
                 .
                 So
                 to
                 a
                 Sailor
                 the
                 Rocks
                 seem
                 to
                 run
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 only
                 the
                 Ship
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 motion
                 .
                 The
                 shadows
                 of
                 Policy
                 are
                 usually
                 greater
                 than
                 the
                 Body
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 times
                 this
                 is
                 neglected
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 often
                 arises
                 greater
                 Damage
                 from
                 the
                 prevention
                 ,
                 than
                 could
                 arrive
                 from
                 the
                 thing
                 fear'd
                 .
                 How
                 oft
                 has
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 through
                 a
                 groundless
                 Jealousie
                 ,
                 declared
                 War
                 against
                 him
                 who
                 never
                 thought
                 of
                 offending
                 him
                 ?
                 and
                 both
                 taking
                 arms
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 but
                 a
                 slight
                 and
                 ill-grounded
                 presumption
                 ,
                 ends
                 in
                 a
                 bloody
                 War
                 :
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 such
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 ill
                 built
                 Ships
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 sally
                 from
                 side
                 to
                 side
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 sooner
                 lost
                 .
                 I
                 don't
                 blame
                 Diffidence
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 said
                 elsewhere
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 total
                 defect
                 of
                 good
                 faith
                 ,
                 without
                 
                 which
                 ,
                 neither
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 Society
                 nor
                 Covenants
                 can
                 be
                 lasting
                 .
                 The
                 Law
                 of
                 Nations
                 would
                 be
                 invalid
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 things
                 would
                 be
                 expos'd
                 to
                 Fraud
                 and
                 Deceit
                 .
                 All
                 things
                 are
                 not
                 acted
                 with
                 an
                 ill
                 intention
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 Tyrant
                 sometimes
                 proposes
                 just
                 and
                 honourable
                 ends
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XLIV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 UNcertain
                 and
                 dubious
                 is
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Serpent
                 winding
                 it self
                 first
                 one
                 way
                 then
                 another
                 ,
                 with
                 such
                 uncertainty
                 ,
                 that
                 its
                 very
                 body
                 knows
                 not
                 where
                 it
                 will
                 erect
                 its
                 head
                 .
                 You
                 'd
                 think
                 it
                 made
                 this
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 it
                 moves
                 contrary
                 ,
                 without
                 leaving
                 any
                 tract
                 of
                 its
                 passage
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 the
                 intention
                 of
                 its
                 motion
                 be
                 discover'd
                 1
                 .
                 So
                 occult
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Counsels
                 and
                 Designs
                 of
                 Princes
                 .
                 None
                 ought
                 to
                 know
                 whither
                 they
                 tend
                 ;
                 they
                 should
                 imitate
                 God
                 the
                 great
                 Governour
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 
                 whose
                 ways
                 are
                 past
                 finding
                 out
                 2
                 :
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 the
                 Seraphim
                 cover'd
                 his
                 feet
                 with
                 his
                 wings
                 3
                 .
                 Princes
                 ought
                 so
                 carefully
                 to
                 conceal
                 their
                 designs
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Ministers
                 themselves
                 should
                 not
                 penetrate
                 them
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 should
                 believe
                 otherwise
                 and
                 be
                 deceiv'd
                 ,
                 thereby
                 the
                 more
                 naturally
                 and
                 effectually
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 Dissimulation
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 easily
                 discover'd
                 to
                 confirm
                 and
                 secure
                 their
                 real
                 intentions
                 ,
                 instilling
                 the
                 same
                 error
                 into
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 pass
                 current
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 believed
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 .
                 Thus
                 Tiberius
                 did
                 ,
                 when
                 some
                 murmur'd
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 go
                 to
                 pacifie
                 the
                 mutinous
                 Legions
                 in
                 Hungary
                 and
                 Germany
                 ,
                 he
                 pretended
                 he
                 would
                 go
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 deceiving
                 the
                 prudent
                 ,
                 he
                 deceiv'd
                 also
                 the
                 People
                 and
                 Provinces
                 4
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 also
                 did
                 King
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 who
                 conceal'd
                 his
                 designs
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 pretending
                 others
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 was
                 convenient
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 believe
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 perswade
                 others
                 to
                 do
                 so
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 can
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 use
                 these
                 arts
                 ,
                 if
                 his
                 ingenuity
                 be
                 not
                 so
                 cautious
                 and
                 circumspect
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 real
                 motions
                 of
                 his
                 mind
                 by
                 his
                 manner
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 his
                 Rivals
                 and
                 Enemies
                 penetrate
                 his
                 heart
                 and
                 thoughts
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 slip
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 think
                 they
                 have
                 him
                 secure
                 .
                 This
                 method
                 by
                 which
                 another
                 is
                 deceiv'd
                 is
                 rather
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 self
                 defence
                 than
                 malice
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 used
                 according
                 to
                 reason
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 greatest
                 Heroes
                 have
                 always
                 done
                 .
                 What
                 necessity
                 is
                 there
                 of
                 discovering
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 which
                 nature
                 has
                 on
                 purpose
                 hidden
                 within
                 the
                 breast
                 ?
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 slight
                 and
                 frivolous
                 affairs
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 pernicious
                 to
                 divulge
                 them
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 gives
                 occasion
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 discourse
                 to
                 discover
                 farther
                 .
                 Yet
                 though
                 the
                 heart
                 be
                 hid
                 within
                 the
                 breast
                 ,
                 its
                 ails
                 and
                 distempers
                 are
                 discover'd
                 by
                 the
                 Arteries
                 .
                 Execution
                 loses
                 its
                 force
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 reputation
                 of
                 a
                 Prince's
                 prudence
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 divulges
                 his
                 designs
                 to
                 the
                 people
                 .
                 Secret
                 and
                 unknown
                 designs
                 threaten
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 distract
                 and
                 puzzle
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Secrecy
                 in
                 War
                 is
                 more
                 necessary
                 than
                 in
                 other
                 
                 Affairs
                 .
                 Few
                 Enterprises
                 unseasonably
                 detected
                 succeed
                 well
                 .
                 How
                 is
                 he
                 surpriz'd
                 who
                 receives
                 the
                 Wound
                 before
                 he
                 sees
                 the
                 Weapon
                 ;
                 he
                 who
                 will
                 not
                 stir
                 till
                 he
                 hears
                 the
                 clashing
                 of
                 Arms
                 !
              
               
                 This
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 understood
                 of
                 Wars
                 against
                 Infidels
                 ,
                 not
                 of
                 those
                 between
                 Christians
                 ,
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 proclaim'd
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 time
                 for
                 satisfaction
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 effusion
                 of
                 Blood
                 may
                 be
                 avoided
                 ,
                 this
                 being
                 required
                 to
                 render
                 a
                 War
                 lawfull
                 and
                 just
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 the
                 Romans
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 ,
                 who
                 instituted
                 a
                 College
                 of
                 twenty
                 Priests
                 whom
                 they
                 call'd
                 Heralds
                 ,
                 whose
                 business
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 proclaim
                 War
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 establish
                 Alliances
                 :
                 These
                 were
                 also
                 Judges
                 in
                 such
                 cases
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 care
                 that
                 the
                 party
                 injur'd
                 should
                 receive
                 satisfaction
                 ,
                 appointing
                 a
                 term
                 of
                 thirty
                 ●
                 three
                 days
                 for
                 an
                 amicable
                 composition
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 disputes
                 were
                 not
                 ended
                 ,
                 they
                 declar'd
                 War
                 by
                 throwing
                 a
                 Spear
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 5
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 day
                 commenc'd
                 acts
                 of
                 Hostility
                 and
                 Incursions
                 .
                 Of
                 these
                 declarations
                 there
                 are
                 divers
                 examples
                 in
                 the
                 Scriptures
                 .
                 Iephtha
                 being
                 chosen
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Israelites
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 the
                 Ammonites
                 ,
                 before
                 ,
                 by
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 enquir'd
                 into
                 the
                 reason
                 which
                 mov'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 6
                 .
                 The
                 method
                 of
                 our
                 times
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 humane
                 and
                 generous
                 .
                 We
                 experience
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 War
                 before
                 we
                 know
                 the
                 cause
                 thereof
                 .
                 An
                 unexpected
                 and
                 sudden
                 Invasion
                 makes
                 the
                 Injury
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 and
                 renders
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 the
                 parties
                 implacable
                 ,
                 this
                 generally
                 springs
                 hence
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 take
                 up
                 arms
                 not
                 to
                 satisfie
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 or
                 atone
                 for
                 Damages
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 from
                 a
                 blind
                 Ambition
                 to
                 enlarge
                 their
                 Dominions
                 :
                 in
                 which
                 ,
                 without
                 respect
                 to
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Consanguinity
                 or
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 they
                 trample
                 upon
                 the
                 most
                 sacred
                 Laws
                 of
                 Nature
                 and
                 Nations
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 a
                 Prince
                 suspects
                 any
                 of
                 Infidelity
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 immediately
                 change
                 the
                 serenity
                 of
                 his
                 Looks
                 ,
                 or
                 shew
                 any
                 sign
                 of
                 his
                 suspicion
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 by
                 new
                 Flattery
                 and
                 Honours
                 endeavour
                 
                 to
                 confirm
                 their
                 Minds
                 and
                 oblige
                 them
                 to
                 Fidelity
                 .
                 Rigour
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 safest
                 remedy
                 .
                 Branches
                 lopt
                 off
                 die
                 ,
                 and
                 revive
                 not
                 again
                 .
                 Thus
                 Marcellus
                 conniv'd
                 at
                 
                   Lucius
                   Bancus
                
                 of
                 Nola
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 and
                 withal
                 very
                 factious
                 person
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 well
                 knew
                 he
                 sided
                 with
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 him
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 how
                 his
                 Vertue
                 and
                 Valour
                 were
                 esteem'd
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 particularly
                 by
                 the
                 Roman
                 Generals
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 Witnesses
                 of
                 his
                 Bravery
                 at
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Cannae
                 :
                 he
                 honour'd
                 him
                 with
                 words
                 ,
                 supported
                 with
                 hopes
                 and
                 promises
                 ;
                 gave
                 him
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 free
                 access
                 to
                 his
                 presence
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 courteous
                 usage
                 so
                 oblig'd
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Roman
                 State
                 had
                 not
                 a
                 more
                 faithfull
                 Friend
                 than
                 he
                 .
                 This
                 Dissimulation
                 requires
                 great
                 care
                 and
                 prudence
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 the
                 Offender
                 should
                 mistrust
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 interpret
                 it
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 bring
                 him
                 to
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 would
                 sooner
                 fire
                 his
                 Mines
                 ,
                 or
                 endeavour
                 to
                 preserve
                 himself
                 by
                 other
                 violent
                 means
                 .
                 Which
                 is
                 chiefly
                 to
                 be
                 fear'd
                 in
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Crimes
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 .
                 Thus
                 
                   Fabius
                   Valens
                
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 punish
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Commotion
                 ,
                 yet
                 did
                 he
                 permit
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 tried
                 7
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 purge
                 the
                 mind
                 of
                 Treason
                 once
                 conceiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 since
                 such
                 crimes
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 go
                 unpunished
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 then
                 only
                 fit
                 to
                 connive
                 ,
                 when
                 greater
                 danger
                 attends
                 the
                 declaration
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Offenders
                 makes
                 the
                 punishment
                 impracticable
                 .
                 This
                 
                   Iulius
                   Caesar
                
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 commanded
                 some
                 Letters
                 from
                 Pompey
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Nobility
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 intercepted
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 unopen'd
                 ,
                 thinking
                 't
                 was
                 the
                 mildest
                 method
                 of
                 pardoning
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 crime
                 .
                 A
                 piece
                 of
                 true
                 Generosity
                 and
                 singular
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 since
                 't
                 was
                 impossible
                 to
                 punish
                 all
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 oblige
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 inconveniencies
                 of
                 connivance
                 .
                 Those
                 of
                 mean
                 condition
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 examples
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 ones
                 conniv'd
                 at
                 ,
                 till
                 a
                 more
                 convenient
                 opportunity
                 .
                 But
                 where
                 the
                 Delinquents
                 may
                 be
                 punished
                 without
                 danger
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 safer
                 ,
                 by
                 punishing
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 consult
                 self-security
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 trust
                 to
                 Dissimulation
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 often
                 emboldens
                 great
                 Spirits
                 .
                 Hannibal
                 plotted
                 to
                 poison
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 
                 the
                 discovery
                 of
                 the
                 Treason
                 ,
                 the
                 Senators
                 thought
                 it
                 sufficient
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Law
                 to
                 regulate
                 the
                 Excels
                 and
                 Expences
                 of
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 which
                 gave
                 Hannibal
                 occasion
                 to
                 plot
                 afresh
                 against
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 Art
                 and
                 Cunning
                 most
                 becomes
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Dissimulation
                 is
                 most
                 allowable
                 and
                 necessary
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 composes
                 and
                 forms
                 the
                 Looks
                 ,
                 Words
                 and
                 Actions
                 towards
                 him
                 whom
                 it
                 would
                 deceive
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 mayn't
                 mistrust
                 that
                 his
                 designs
                 are
                 discover'd
                 :
                 for
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 time
                 to
                 search
                 farther
                 into
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 either
                 to
                 punish
                 or
                 elude
                 them
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 party
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 sollicitous
                 in
                 the
                 concealment
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 once
                 find
                 himself
                 betray'd
                 ,
                 he
                 begins
                 to
                 tremble
                 ,
                 and
                 thinks
                 himself
                 not
                 secure
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 has
                 put
                 his
                 designs
                 in
                 execution
                 .
                 This
                 oblig'd
                 Agrippina
                 to
                 pretend
                 not
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Murther
                 which
                 her
                 Son
                 Nero
                 design'd
                 her
                 8
                 .
                 This
                 Dissimulation
                 or
                 feign'd
                 Simplicity
                 is
                 very
                 necessary
                 for
                 Ministers
                 who
                 ●erve
                 cunning
                 and
                 defigning
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 care
                 to
                 conceal
                 their
                 intentions
                 ;
                 in
                 this
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Master
                 9
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 artifice
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 us'd
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 same
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 know
                 ,
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 thoughts
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 accept
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 burthen
                 too
                 heavy
                 for
                 him
                 ;
                 they
                 by
                 a
                 studied
                 ignorance
                 and
                 forc'd
                 tears
                 begg'd
                 he
                 would
                 please
                 to
                 accept
                 it
                 ,
                 all
                 being
                 afraid
                 to
                 seem
                 to
                 understand
                 his
                 meaning
                 10
                 .
                 Unjust
                 Princes
                 hate
                 those
                 who
                 they
                 think
                 understand
                 their
                 ill
                 practices
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 them
                 for
                 Enemies
                 .
                 They
                 claim
                 an
                 absolute
                 Authority
                 over
                 mens
                 minds
                 ,
                 not
                 subject
                 to
                 anothers
                 understanding
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 have
                 their
                 Subjects
                 Intellects
                 at
                 as
                 much
                 command
                 as
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 esteeming
                 it
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 duty
                 and
                 respect
                 not
                 to
                 understand
                 their
                 designs
                 11
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 't
                 is
                 disallowable
                 and
                 dangerous
                 to
                 pry
                 into
                 the
                 privacies
                 and
                 secret
                 thoughts
                 of
                 Princes
                 12
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 complaining
                 
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 danger
                 from
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senators
                 ,
                 
                   Asinius
                   Gallus
                
                 desir'd
                 to
                 know
                 who
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 Justice
                 ,
                 which
                 Tiberius
                 took
                 very
                 ill
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 desire
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 conceal
                 13
                 .
                 Germanicus
                 acted
                 more
                 prudently
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 he
                 well
                 understood
                 
                 Tiberius's
                 meaning
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 recall'd
                 from
                 Germany
                 ,
                 only
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 progress
                 of
                 his
                 Glory
                 ,
                 readily
                 obey'd
                 without
                 seeming
                 to
                 understand
                 14
                 .
                 Since
                 Princes
                 commands
                 can't
                 be
                 declin'd
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 prudence
                 to
                 obey
                 them
                 chearfully
                 ,
                 pretending
                 ignorance
                 of
                 the
                 motives
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 danger
                 .
                 Thus
                 Archelaus
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 knew
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 to
                 Rome
                 by
                 
                 Tiberius's
                 Mother
                 through
                 Craft
                 and
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 dissembled
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 fearing
                 violence
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 understand
                 it
                 ,
                 made
                 what
                 hast
                 he
                 could
                 thither
                 15
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Dissimulation
                 is
                 yet
                 more
                 necessary
                 in
                 the
                 Errors
                 and
                 Vices
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 esteem
                 them
                 as
                 enemies
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 acquainted
                 therewith
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Banquet
                 at
                 which
                 Germanicus
                 was
                 poison'd
                 ,
                 some
                 ran
                 for
                 't
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 more
                 prudent
                 fat
                 still
                 looking
                 upon
                 Nero
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 mistrust
                 the
                 Murther
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 natural
                 16
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XLV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Lion
                 ,
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 this
                 devise
                 ,
                 was
                 among
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Vigilance
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 Frontispieces
                 and
                 Porches
                 of
                 their
                 Temples
                 .
                 Hence
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 was
                 engraven
                 upon
                 his
                 Coin
                 with
                 a
                 Lion's
                 skin
                 upon
                 his
                 head
                 ,
                 to
                 intimate
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 less
                 carefull
                 and
                 vigilant
                 than
                 valiant
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 affairs
                 requir'd
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 spend
                 much
                 time
                 in
                 sleep
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 us'd
                 to
                 lie
                 with
                 his
                 arm
                 out
                 of
                 bed
                 ,
                 holding
                 a
                 Silver
                 ball
                 in
                 his
                 hand
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 fall
                 asleep
                 ,
                 that
                 falling
                 into
                 a
                 brass
                 Bason
                 set
                 underneath
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 might
                 waken
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 never
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 been
                 sleepy
                 and
                 lazy
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 snore
                 away
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 People
                 committed
                 to
                 him
                 †
                 .
                 
                 Thus
                 the
                 Lion
                 knowing
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 King
                 of
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 sleeps
                 but
                 little
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 he
                 does
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 with
                 his
                 Eyes
                 open
                 :
                 he
                 does
                 not
                 confide
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 nor
                 relie
                 so
                 much
                 on
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 think
                 it
                 necessary
                 to
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 awake
                 even
                 while
                 he
                 sleeps
                 .
                 The
                 Senses
                 do
                 indeed
                 require
                 rest
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 then
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 Princes
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 awake
                 .
                 A
                 sleeping
                 King
                 differs
                 not
                 from
                 another
                 man
                 :
                 This
                 Passion
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 conceal
                 from
                 Friends
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 he
                 may
                 sleep
                 ,
                 provided
                 others
                 think
                 him
                 waking
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 depend
                 so
                 much
                 upon
                 his
                 Authority
                 and
                 Power
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 shut
                 his
                 Eyes
                 to
                 Care
                 and
                 Circumspection
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 cunning
                 Dissimulation
                 in
                 the
                 Lion
                 to
                 sleep
                 with
                 his
                 Eyes
                 open
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 deceive
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 hide
                 his
                 sleepiness
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 designing
                 against
                 him
                 be
                 deceiv'd
                 ,
                 finding
                 him
                 awake
                 whom
                 he
                 thought
                 he
                 had
                 seen
                 sleeping
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 his
                 own
                 fault
                 not
                 the
                 Lion's
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 this
                 pretence
                 below
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 that
                 other
                 piece
                 of
                 cunning
                 ,
                 of
                 smoothing
                 over
                 the
                 Tract
                 of
                 his
                 feet
                 with
                 his
                 Tail
                 to
                 deceive
                 the
                 Huntsmen
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Fortress
                 secure
                 unless
                 guarded
                 by
                 Vigilance
                 .
                 The
                 greater
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 care
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 crown'd
                 with
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 the
                 Sincerity
                 of
                 innocent
                 Doves
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 prudence
                 of
                 subtle
                 Serpents
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 when
                 the
                 Lion
                 enters
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 Beasts
                 lay
                 aside
                 their
                 natural
                 Enmity
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 over
                 fighting
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 joint
                 force
                 combine
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 so
                 among
                 men
                 all
                 arm
                 and
                 unite
                 against
                 the
                 strongest
                 .
                 Nothing
                 is
                 more
                 pernicious
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Dutch
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 take
                 from
                 them
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Seas
                 ;
                 nothing
                 more
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 France
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Grandure
                 of
                 those
                 same
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 who
                 once
                 breaking
                 down
                 the
                 Dikes
                 oppos'd
                 by
                 Spain
                 ,
                 would
                 ,
                 like
                 an
                 Inundation
                 soon
                 o'erwhelm
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 as
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth
                 wisely
                 observ'd
                 :
                 and
                 yet
                 what
                 weigh'd
                 more
                 with
                 both
                 these
                 two
                 Crowns
                 than
                 their
                 danger
                 ,
                 their
                 hatred
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 ,
                 and
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 that
                 people
                 to
                 that
                 Grandure
                 and
                 Power
                 ,
                 which
                 upon
                 alteration
                 of
                 affairs
                 they
                 may
                 fear
                 against
                 themselves
                 .
                 We
                 are
                 more
                 sollicitous
                 and
                 carefull
                 to
                 avert
                 present
                 dangers
                 than
                 future
                 ones
                 ,
                 though
                 these
                 are
                 often
                 greater
                 .
                 Fear
                 obstructs
                 the
                 
                 Senses
                 ,
                 nor
                 permits
                 the
                 Mind
                 to
                 survey
                 things
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 .
                 A
                 groundless
                 Fear
                 is
                 often
                 of
                 more
                 force
                 than
                 the
                 greatest
                 reason
                 of
                 State.
                 The
                 power
                 of
                 Spain
                 in
                 Italy
                 is
                 a
                 preservative
                 against
                 the
                 distempers
                 of
                 the
                 Genoese
                 liberty
                 ;
                 the
                 same
                 also
                 preserves
                 the
                 Dukedom
                 of
                 Tuscany
                 ,
                 augments
                 the
                 Spiritual
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 maintains
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 and
                 secures
                 the
                 Venetians
                 from
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 the
                 Turks
                 ;
                 yet
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 the
                 Ministers
                 of
                 these
                 Princes
                 will
                 acknowledge
                 this
                 ,
                 or
                 act
                 conformable
                 to
                 this
                 their
                 Interest
                 .
                 Such
                 Jealousies
                 as
                 are
                 not
                 guided
                 by
                 reason
                 ,
                 work
                 their
                 own
                 ruin
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 thought
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 safe
                 in
                 disarming
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 sound
                 afterwards
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 need
                 of
                 those
                 arms
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 disband
                 .
                 Many
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 Reasons
                 of
                 State
                 sought
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 lost
                 their
                 own
                 liberty
                 with
                 its
                 ruin
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 put
                 much
                 confidence
                 in
                 exterior
                 respect
                 and
                 ceremony
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 all
                 feign'd
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 from
                 what
                 it
                 appears
                 to
                 be
                 ;
                 Complaisance
                 is
                 Flattery
                 ;
                 Adoration
                 ,
                 Fear
                 ;
                 Respect
                 ,
                 Force
                 ;
                 and
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 Necessity
                 .
                 The
                 good
                 opinion
                 which
                 a
                 Prince
                 conceives
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 circumvent
                 and
                 betray
                 him
                 .
                 All
                 watch
                 his
                 motions
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 prey
                 of
                 him
                 ;
                 all
                 strive
                 to
                 overcome
                 him
                 by
                 Stratagem
                 whom
                 they
                 can't
                 by
                 force
                 ;
                 few
                 or
                 none
                 act
                 sincerely
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 seldom
                 hears
                 truth
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 sleep
                 in
                 confidence
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 power
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 oppose
                 Stratagem
                 with
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 and
                 Power
                 with
                 Power
                 .
                 A
                 generous
                 mind
                 closely
                 and
                 cautiously
                 prevents
                 ,
                 or
                 couragiously
                 resists
                 dangers
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 though
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 we
                 allow
                 of
                 the
                 arts
                 of
                 Dissimulation
                 ,
                 nay
                 and
                 think
                 them
                 necessary
                 with
                 the
                 aforesaid
                 restrictions
                 ,
                 yet
                 does
                 it
                 more
                 become
                 the
                 Ministers
                 than
                 the
                 Princes
                 themselves
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 them
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 occult
                 Divinity
                 which
                 is
                 offended
                 at
                 that
                 care
                 :
                 Dissimulation
                 is
                 usually
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Fear
                 and
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 neither
                 of
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 discover'd
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 The
                 conveniences
                 of
                 Dissimulation
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 supply
                 by
                 silence
                 and
                 reservedness
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 is
                 more
                 belov'd
                 for
                 being
                 prudent
                 and
                 wary
                 ,
                 provided
                 he
                 act
                 with
                 a
                 Royal
                 Sincerity
                 .
                 All
                 hate
                 Artifice
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 a
                 natural
                 and
                 open
                 freedom
                 is
                 agreeable
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 as
                 Tacitus
                 remarks
                 in
                 Petronius
                 1
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XLVI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 AN
                 Oar
                 under
                 Water
                 appears
                 crooked
                 and
                 broken
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 caus'd
                 by
                 the
                 refraction
                 of
                 Species
                 :
                 so
                 in
                 many
                 things
                 our
                 opinion
                 deceives
                 us
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 the
                 Sceptick
                 Philosophers
                 doubted
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 durst
                 affirm
                 nothing
                 for
                 certain
                 .
                 A
                 wary
                 piece
                 of
                 Modesty
                 and
                 prudent
                 Distruct
                 of
                 humane
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 without
                 ground
                 :
                 for
                 to
                 a
                 certain
                 knowledge
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 required
                 two
                 dispositions
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 know
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 is
                 the
                 Understanding
                 ,
                 which
                 uses
                 the
                 external
                 and
                 internal
                 Senses
                 to
                 form
                 Imaginations
                 ;
                 
                 the
                 external
                 are
                 variously
                 chang'd
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 abundance
                 or
                 defect
                 of
                 humours
                 .
                 The
                 internal
                 are
                 also
                 subject
                 to
                 changes
                 ,
                 either
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 cause
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 the
                 different
                 Affections
                 of
                 the
                 Organs
                 .
                 Whence
                 proceed
                 such
                 different
                 Opinions
                 and
                 Judgments
                 ,
                 one
                 judging
                 differently
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 things
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 with
                 equal
                 uncertainty
                 ;
                 for
                 things
                 change
                 their
                 shape
                 and
                 colour
                 with
                 their
                 places
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 near
                 or
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 none
                 are
                 purely
                 simple
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 of
                 natural
                 Mixtures
                 and
                 Species
                 which
                 interpose
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Senses
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 we
                 can't
                 affirm
                 things
                 are
                 so
                 and
                 so
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 seem
                 such
                 ,
                 forming
                 an
                 Opinion
                 not
                 certain
                 Knowledge
                 .
                 Plato
                 found
                 a
                 yet
                 greater
                 incertainty
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 consider'd
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 of
                 so
                 pure
                 and
                 perfect
                 nature
                 as
                 God
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 this
                 life
                 we
                 could
                 have
                 no
                 perfect
                 knowledge
                 of
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 but
                 saw
                 only
                 things
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 too
                 ,
                 Reflections
                 and
                 Shadows
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 impossible
                 to
                 reduce
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 Science
                 .
                 Not
                 that
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 a
                 Prince
                 a
                 Sceptick
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 doubts
                 all
                 determines
                 nothing
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 there
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 pernicious
                 to
                 Government
                 ,
                 than
                 Hesitation
                 in
                 resolving
                 and
                 executing
                 .
                 I
                 only
                 advise
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 too
                 positive
                 in
                 his
                 opinions
                 ,
                 but
                 believe
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 easily
                 be
                 deceiv'd
                 in
                 his
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 either
                 through
                 Affection
                 ,
                 or
                 Passion
                 ,
                 or
                 false
                 Information
                 ,
                 or
                 Flattery
                 and
                 Insinuation
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 he
                 don't
                 care
                 to
                 hear
                 truth
                 which
                 prescribes
                 bounds
                 to
                 his
                 Authority
                 and
                 Will
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 uncertainty
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 apprehension
                 ;
                 or
                 lastly
                 ,
                 because
                 few
                 things
                 are
                 really
                 what
                 they
                 appear
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 Policy
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 a-days
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 art
                 of
                 cheating
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 being
                 cheated
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 viewed
                 in
                 different
                 lights
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 carefully
                 to
                 consider
                 and
                 weigh
                 them
                 not
                 slightly
                 to
                 pass
                 them
                 over
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 give
                 credit
                 to
                 appearances
                 and
                 groundless
                 Stories
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Cheats
                 and
                 politick
                 Tricks
                 can't
                 be
                 well
                 known
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 man
                 be
                 also
                 known
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 him
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 govern
                 and
                 beware
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 tho'
                 Government
                 be
                 an
                 invention
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 no
                 danger
                 but
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 Man
                 has
                 no
                 greater
                 Enemy
                 than
                 Man.
                 The
                 Eagle
                 hurts
                 
                 not
                 the
                 Eagle
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Serpent
                 the
                 Serpent
                 ;
                 but
                 man
                 is
                 continually
                 plotting
                 against
                 his
                 own
                 kind
                 .
                 The
                 Dens
                 of
                 Beasts
                 are
                 open
                 and
                 unguarded
                 ,
                 but
                 three
                 of
                 the
                 four
                 Elements
                 are
                 not
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 guard
                 of
                 Cities
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Earth
                 cast
                 up
                 into
                 Walls
                 and
                 Entrenchments
                 ,
                 Water
                 confin'd
                 to
                 Ditches
                 ,
                 and
                 Fire
                 enclos'd
                 in
                 Artillery
                 .
                 That
                 some
                 may
                 sleep
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 must
                 watch
                 .
                 What
                 instruments
                 are
                 there
                 not
                 invented
                 against
                 Life
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 of
                 it self
                 short
                 enough
                 ,
                 and
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 infirmities
                 of
                 Nature
                 ;
                 and
                 tho●
                 the
                 Seeds
                 of
                 all
                 Vertues
                 and
                 Vices
                 are
                 in
                 man
                 as
                 their
                 proper
                 Subject
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 with
                 this
                 difference
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 can't
                 grow
                 and
                 increase
                 without
                 the
                 Dew
                 of
                 celestial
                 and
                 supernatural
                 Grace
                 ;
                 but
                 these
                 do
                 spontaneously
                 bud
                 out
                 and
                 flourish
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 effect
                 and
                 punishment
                 of
                 man's
                 first
                 Sin
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 we
                 always
                 suffer
                 our selves
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 by
                 our
                 Inclinations
                 and
                 Passions
                 ,
                 which
                 hurry
                 us
                 to
                 ill
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 same
                 danger
                 in
                 Vertue
                 as
                 in
                 Vices
                 ,
                 we
                 therefore
                 will
                 lay
                 before
                 a
                 Prince
                 a
                 short
                 description
                 of
                 deprav'd
                 human
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 Man
                 is
                 then
                 the
                 most
                 inconstant
                 Animal
                 in
                 the
                 Creation
                 ;
                 pernicious
                 both
                 to
                 himself
                 and
                 others
                 ;
                 Changes
                 with
                 his
                 Age
                 ,
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 Interest
                 and
                 Passion
                 ;
                 nor
                 does
                 the
                 Sea
                 vary
                 so
                 oft
                 as
                 his
                 condition
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 deluded
                 by
                 empty
                 appearances
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 self-conceit
                 persists
                 in
                 his
                 Errour
                 .
                 Revenge
                 and
                 Cruelty
                 he
                 esteems
                 praise-worthy
                 and
                 honourable
                 .
                 Is
                 well
                 vers'd
                 in
                 Hypocris●e
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 dissemble
                 his
                 Passions
                 a
                 great
                 while
                 .
                 With
                 Words
                 ,
                 Laughter
                 and
                 Tears
                 he
                 conceals
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 .
                 Veils
                 his
                 Designs
                 with
                 Religion
                 .
                 Confirms
                 and
                 maintains
                 Lyes
                 with
                 Oaths
                 .
                 Is
                 a
                 Slave
                 to
                 Hope
                 and
                 Fear
                 .
                 Favours
                 make
                 him
                 ungratefull
                 .
                 Dominion
                 proud
                 .
                 Constraint
                 vile
                 and
                 abject
                 .
                 Law
                 fearfull
                 .
                 Benefits
                 he
                 inscribes
                 on
                 Wax
                 ;
                 Injuries
                 receiv'd
                 on
                 Marble
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 he
                 offers
                 on
                 Brass
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 Love
                 ▪
                 not
                 out
                 of
                 Charity
                 ,
                 but
                 an
                 appearance
                 of
                 good
                 .
                 A
                 mere
                 Slave
                 to
                 Anger
                 .
                 In
                 Adversity
                 prostrate
                 and
                 cringing
                 .
                 In
                 Prosperity
                 arrogant
                 and
                 proud
                 .
                 What
                 he
                 commends
                 in
                 himself
                 ▪
                 and
                 affects
                 ,
                 he
                 wants
                 ;
                 calls
                 himself
                 a
                 true
                 Friend
                 ,
                 but
                 knows
                 not
                 what
                 Friendship
                 means
                 .
                 Slights
                 his
                 own
                 and
                 covets
                 o●hers
                 goods
                 .
                 The
                 more
                 he
                 has
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 he
                 desires
                 .
                 The
                 good
                 Fortune
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 of
                 others
                 kills
                 him
                 with
                 Envy
                 
                 Under
                 shew
                 of
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Loves
                 the
                 Rigour
                 of
                 Justice
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 hates
                 it
                 in
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 description
                 of
                 humane
                 nature
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 nor
                 are
                 all
                 these
                 Vices
                 in
                 one
                 person
                 ,
                 but
                 dispers'd
                 in
                 several
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 a
                 Prince
                 think
                 that
                 some
                 one
                 is
                 wholly
                 free
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 therefore
                 be
                 less
                 cautious
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 certainty
                 in
                 the
                 Judgment
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 condition
                 and
                 nature
                 of
                 men
                 .
                 Vice
                 often
                 puts
                 on
                 the
                 Mask
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 deceive
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 men
                 may
                 be
                 deficient
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 either
                 through
                 human
                 frailty
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 inconstancy
                 of
                 the
                 times
                 ,
                 or
                 necessity
                 ,
                 or
                 interest
                 ,
                 or
                 appearance
                 of
                 publick
                 or
                 private
                 good
                 ,
                 or
                 over-sight
                 ,
                 or
                 want
                 of
                 knowledge
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 happens
                 that
                 the
                 good
                 are
                 not
                 less
                 dangerous
                 than
                 the
                 bad
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 doubt
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 prudent
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 danger
                 ,
                 remembring
                 (
                 not
                 to
                 offend
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 defend
                 )
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 Ezekiel
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   Briars
                   and
                   Thorns
                   are
                   with
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   dwells
                   among
                   Scorpions
                
                 1
                 ,
                 whose
                 Tails
                 are
                 always
                 ready
                 to
                 strike
                 2
                 Such
                 generally
                 are
                 Courtiers
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 advance
                 their
                 own
                 pretensions
                 by
                 deluding
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 removing
                 his
                 best
                 and
                 most
                 deserving
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 power
                 .
                 How
                 often
                 have
                 waves
                 of
                 Envy
                 and
                 Jealousie
                 been
                 interpos'd
                 between
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Minister's
                 actions
                 ,
                 making
                 those
                 appear
                 crooked
                 and
                 disloyal
                 which
                 are
                 drawn
                 by
                 the
                 rule
                 of
                 Justice
                 and
                 his
                 Service
                 .
                 Thus
                 Vertue
                 suffers
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 loses
                 a
                 good
                 Minister
                 ,
                 and
                 Malice
                 triumphs
                 in
                 its
                 Practices
                 ;
                 which
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 practically
                 know
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 suffer
                 Innocence
                 to
                 be
                 wrong'd
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 here
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 most
                 usual
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 Courtiers
                 so
                 subtle
                 and
                 cunning
                 ,
                 that
                 while
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 excuse
                 their
                 Rival's
                 faults
                 ,
                 they
                 then
                 most
                 accuse
                 them
                 .
                 So
                 Augustus
                 reprehended
                 the
                 Vices
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 3
                 .
              
               
               
                 Others
                 there
                 are
                 ,
                 who
                 to
                 cover
                 their
                 Malice
                 ,
                 and
                 gain
                 credit
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 Goodness
                 ,
                 begin
                 under
                 the
                 title
                 of
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 praises
                 of
                 him
                 whom
                 they
                 would
                 remove
                 ,
                 extolling
                 some
                 little
                 insignificant
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 by
                 a
                 feign'd
                 zeal
                 for
                 the
                 Princes
                 interest
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 prefer
                 before
                 all
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Relation
                 ,
                 gradually
                 discover
                 his
                 faults
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 procure
                 his
                 Disgrace
                 or
                 loss
                 of
                 Place
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 their
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Malice
                 can't
                 procure
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 at
                 least
                 establish
                 their
                 own
                 Reputation
                 by
                 carping
                 at
                 their
                 Friends
                 faults
                 ,
                 and
                 gain
                 themselves
                 Glory
                 by
                 his
                 infamy
                 4
                 .
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 was
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 all
                 these
                 practices
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 one
                 full
                 of
                 the
                 praises
                 of
                 his
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 Observe
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Artifice
                   of
                   that
                   man
                   ,
                   and
                   you
                   will
                   find
                   that
                   the
                   drift
                   of
                   these
                   commendations
                   is
                   only
                   to
                   do
                   him
                   more
                   mischief
                   .
                
                 And
                 so
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 for
                 six
                 Months
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 gain
                 credit
                 to
                 his
                 intentions
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 afterwards
                 the
                 sooner
                 be
                 believ'd
                 in
                 what
                 he
                 should
                 say
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 Mines
                 are
                 always
                 sprung
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 do
                 execution
                 .
                 Those
                 Friends
                 who
                 praise
                 you
                 are
                 worse
                 than
                 Enemies
                 who
                 murmur
                 at
                 you
                 5
                 .
                 Others
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 cheat
                 more
                 securely
                 ,
                 praise
                 in
                 publick
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 private
                 scandalize
                 6
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 their
                 subtilty
                 less
                 malicious
                 ,
                 who
                 so
                 adorn
                 their
                 Calumnies
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 look
                 like
                 praises
                 ;
                 as
                 Aleto
                 did
                 in
                 T●sso
                 .
              
               
                 Gran
                 fabro
                 di
                 calumnie
                 adorne
                 in
                 modi
              
               
                 Novi
                 ,
                 che
                 sono
                 accuse
                 e
                 payen
                 lodi
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 the
                 Psalmist
                 meant
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   They
                   were
                   turned
                   aside
                   like
                   a
                   deceitful
                   bow
                
                 7
                 .
              
               
                 Or
                 as
                 Hosea
                 the
                 Prophet
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   like
                   a
                   deceitfull
                   bow
                   ,
                   which
                   〈◊〉
                   at
                   one
                   place
                   and
                   hits
                   another
                
                 8
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 extoll
                 their
                 Rivals
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 It
                 may
                 
                 Plainly
                 appear
                 they
                 don't
                 speak
                 seriously
                 and
                 really
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 observ'd
                 in
                 Tiberius
                 when
                 he
                 prais'd
                 Germanicus
                 9
                 .
              
               
                 Others
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 these
                 commendations
                 to
                 raise
                 their
                 Enemy
                 to
                 such
                 posts
                 as
                 may
                 at
                 last
                 ruin
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 procure
                 their
                 removal
                 from
                 Court
                 ,
                 though
                 to
                 his
                 greater
                 advantage
                 ;
                 which
                 I
                 believe
                 was
                 among
                 others
                 ,
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 Ruigomez
                 caus'd
                 Ferdinand
                 Duke
                 of
                 Alba
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 into
                 Flanders
                 ,
                 when
                 those
                 Provinces
                 revolted
                 .
                 With
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 t
                 ntion
                 Macian
                 prais'd
                 Anthony
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 pro●pos'd
                 for
                 him
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Neither
                 Spain
                 10
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 facilitate
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 his
                 Offices
                 and
                 Honours
                 among
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 scarce
                 credible
                 ,
                 how
                 liberal
                 Envy
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 would
                 remove
                 him
                 who
                 eclipses
                 its
                 Glory
                 or
                 obstructs
                 its
                 Rise
                 :
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 wave
                 which
                 drives
                 him
                 who
                 can't
                 swim
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Shore
                 of
                 Fortune
                 .
              
               
                 Sometimes
                 Commendations
                 are
                 us'd
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 of
                 creating
                 Envy
                 to
                 the
                 party
                 prais'd
                 ;
                 a
                 strange
                 way
                 of
                 striking
                 ,
                 with
                 others
                 Vices
                 .
                 Many
                 endeavour
                 to
                 introduce
                 their
                 own
                 Creatures
                 with
                 such
                 Artifice
                 ,
                 as
                 no
                 one
                 can
                 penetrate
                 their
                 designs
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 they
                 first
                 carp
                 at
                 some
                 trivial
                 faults
                 committed
                 by
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Offices
                 ,
                 then
                 praise
                 and
                 cry
                 up
                 others
                 as
                 more
                 fit
                 for
                 those
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 they
                 entertain
                 them
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 no
                 knowledge
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 Lacon
                 did
                 Piso
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 adopted
                 by
                 Galba
                 12
                 .
              
               
                 Others
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 conceal
                 their
                 Passion
                 ,
                 lay
                 their
                 Plots
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 instill
                 their
                 hatred
                 gradually
                 into
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Mind
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 at
                 last
                 full
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 burst
                 upon
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 These
                 means
                 Sejanus
                 us'd
                 to
                 alienate
                 the
                 Mind
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 from
                 Germanicus
                 13
                 And
                 these
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 seems
                 to
                 condemn
                 under
                 the
                 Metaphor
                 of
                 plowing
                 Lyes
                 14
                 Which
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 as
                 sowing
                 Tares
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Mind
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 afterwards
                 reap
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 15
              
               
                 Some
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 less
                 cunning
                 ,
                 first
                 deceive
                 those
                 Ministers
                 in
                 whom
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 most
                 confidence
                 ,
                 by
                 insinuating
                 into
                 them
                 some
                 Falshoods
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 afterwards
                 imprint
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 art
                 of
                 that
                 lying
                 Spirit
                 of
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Micaiah
                 ,
                 which
                 propos'd
                 to
                 deceive
                 King
                 Achab
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Prophets
                 ,
                 and
                 God
                 permitted
                 it
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 effectual
                 means
                 16
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 others
                 ,
                 who
                 make
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 injuries
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 perswade
                 him
                 to
                 revenge
                 ,
                 either
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 themselves
                 be
                 thereby
                 reveng'd
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 cause
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 turn'd
                 out
                 of
                 Favour
                 and
                 Trust.
                 By
                 this
                 Artifice
                 
                   Iohn
                   Pacheco
                
                 perswaded
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 IVth
                 .
                 to
                 apprehend
                 
                   Alphonso
                   Fonseca
                
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Sevil
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 advis'd
                 him
                 privately
                 to
                 provide
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 safety
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 usual
                 practices
                 of
                 Courts
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 oft
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 never
                 want
                 Patrons
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 those
                 who
                 will
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 cheated
                 twice
                 ;
                 whence
                 we
                 often
                 see
                 bare-fac'd
                 Impostors
                 remain
                 at
                 Court
                 so
                 long
                 ;
                 an
                 effect
                 of
                 the
                 weakness
                 of
                 our
                 deprav'd
                 Nature
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 taken
                 with
                 Lyes
                 than
                 Truth
                 .
                 We
                 are
                 more
                 apt
                 to
                 admire
                 the
                 Picture
                 of
                 a
                 Horse
                 than
                 a
                 real
                 one
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 but
                 a
                 Lye
                 of
                 th'
                 other
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 Rhetorick
                 with
                 all
                 its
                 Tropes
                 and
                 Figures
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Falshood
                 and
                 Cheat
                 ?
                 From
                 all
                 which
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 danger
                 there
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 Prince's
                 being
                 deceiv'd
                 in
                 his
                 opinion
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 with
                 great
                 application
                 and
                 diligence
                 examine
                 things
                 ,
                 suspending
                 his
                 belief
                 ,
                 untill
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 sees
                 the
                 things
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 feels
                 them
                 ,
                 those
                 especially
                 which
                 he
                 has
                 only
                 by
                 hear-say
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Breath
                 of
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Winds
                 of
                 Hatred
                 and
                 Envy
                 enter
                 at
                 the
                 Ears
                 ,
                 and
                 raise
                 the
                 Passions
                 and
                 Affections
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 before
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 any
                 Certainty
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 .
                 'T
                 would
                 therefore
                 be
                 very
                 convenient
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 have
                 his
                 Ears
                 near
                 his
                 
                 Thoughts
                 and
                 Reason
                 .
                 As
                 are
                 the
                 Owl's
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 perhaps
                 sacred
                 to
                 Minerva
                 )
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 its
                 head
                 ,
                 the
                 Chamber
                 of
                 the
                 Senses
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 in
                 hearing
                 ,
                 least
                 our
                 ears
                 should
                 deceive
                 us
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 take
                 great
                 care
                 thereof
                 ,
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 ears
                 are
                 once
                 free
                 from
                 affections
                 ,
                 and
                 reason
                 sits
                 there
                 as
                 judge
                 ,
                 every
                 thing
                 is
                 well
                 examin'd
                 ;
                 all
                 things
                 relating
                 to
                 Government
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 relation
                 of
                 others
                 :
                 therefore
                 what
                 Aristotle
                 said
                 of
                 Bees
                 seems
                 improbable
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 deaf
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 inconveniency
                 for
                 that
                 prudent
                 and
                 politick
                 little
                 Animal
                 ,
                 since
                 those
                 two
                 Senses
                 ,
                 Hearing
                 and
                 Seeing
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Instruments
                 through
                 which
                 we
                 draw
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Experience
                 ;
                 both
                 these
                 we
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 to
                 prevent
                 our
                 being
                 deceiv'd
                 by
                 Passion
                 ,
                 Nature
                 or
                 Inclination
                 .
                 The
                 prepossess'd
                 Moabites
                 thought
                 the
                 Waters
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Sun
                 shone
                 ,
                 were
                 Blood
                 17
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 noise
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Ears
                 of
                 Warlike
                 Ioshua
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 their
                 Shoots
                 to
                 Battle
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 gentle
                 Moses
                 a
                 Harmony
                 of
                 Musick
                 18
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 cause
                 ,
                 God
                 ,
                 though
                 omniscient
                 ,
                 would
                 verifie
                 with
                 his
                 Eyes
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 heard
                 of
                 Sodom
                 and
                 Gomorrha
                 19
                 .
                 When
                 therefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 shall
                 have
                 seen
                 ,
                 heard
                 ,
                 and
                 felt
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 can't
                 be
                 deceiv'd
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 his
                 fault
                 .
                 From
                 all
                 which
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 how
                 ill
                 contriv'd
                 was
                 that
                 image
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 express'd
                 the
                 qualifications
                 of
                 their
                 Princes
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 had
                 ears
                 ,
                 but
                 no
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 these
                 being
                 full
                 as
                 necessary
                 as
                 those
                 :
                 the
                 Ears
                 to
                 know
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Eyes
                 to
                 believe
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Eyes
                 are
                 most
                 trusty
                 ,
                 for
                 truth
                 is
                 no
                 farther
                 distant
                 from
                 a
                 Lye
                 than
                 the
                 Eyes
                 from
                 the
                 Ears
                 .
              
               
               
                 Nor
                 has
                 a
                 Prince
                 need
                 of
                 less
                 diligence
                 and
                 attention
                 in
                 discussing
                 the
                 Counsels
                 and
                 Proposals
                 of
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 puts
                 them
                 in
                 execution
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 concern
                 raising
                 Money
                 ,
                 regulating
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 matters
                 relating
                 to
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 usual
                 aim
                 is
                 their
                 own
                 particular
                 interest
                 ,
                 and
                 effects
                 don
                 't
                 always
                 correspond
                 to
                 our
                 expectations
                 .
                 Ingenuity
                 often
                 approves
                 Counsels
                 which
                 Experience
                 afterwards
                 rejects
                 .
                 Yet
                 is
                 it
                 imprudence
                 wholly
                 to
                 slight
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 success
                 of
                 one
                 only
                 makes
                 amends
                 for
                 the
                 vanity
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 Spain
                 had
                 never
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 world
                 ,
                 if
                 their
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 had
                 not
                 gave
                 more
                 credit
                 to
                 Columbus
                 than
                 other
                 Princes
                 .
                 Yet
                 to
                 be
                 over
                 credulous
                 or
                 confident
                 to
                 act
                 whatever
                 is
                 propos'd
                 ,
                 is
                 either
                 Levity
                 or
                 Folly.
                 First
                 ,
                 The
                 condition
                 of
                 the
                 Proposer
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 his
                 Experience
                 in
                 the
                 matter
                 ;
                 what
                 end
                 he
                 may
                 have
                 in
                 deceiving
                 ;
                 what
                 interest
                 if
                 he
                 succeeds
                 ;
                 also
                 the
                 means
                 and
                 time
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 thinks
                 to
                 accomplish
                 it
                 :
                 Nero
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 these
                 considerations
                 ,
                 was
                 much
                 disappointed
                 about
                 a
                 Treasure
                 which
                 one
                 told
                 him
                 he
                 had
                 found
                 in
                 Africk
                 20
                 .
                 Many
                 Projects
                 at
                 first
                 seem
                 considerable
                 ,
                 which
                 prove
                 at
                 last
                 vain
                 and
                 useless
                 .
                 Many
                 seem
                 light
                 and
                 frivolous
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 result
                 great
                 advantages
                 .
                 Many
                 which
                 have
                 been
                 successfully
                 experienc'd
                 in
                 small
                 matters
                 ,
                 in
                 affairs
                 of
                 greater
                 moment
                 succeed
                 not
                 .
                 Many
                 seem
                 easie
                 to
                 reason
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 difficult
                 in
                 the
                 operation
                 .
                 Many
                 are
                 prejudicial
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 advantageous
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 have
                 different
                 effects
                 from
                 what
                 were
                 at
                 first
                 propos'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 lazy
                 and
                 blind
                 Vulgar
                 don't
                 know
                 truth
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 light
                 on
                 it
                 by
                 chance
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 foolishly
                 form
                 opinions
                 of
                 things
                 before
                 Reason
                 foresees
                 the
                 inconveniences
                 ,
                 and
                 promise
                 themselves
                 a
                 more
                 certain
                 knowledge
                 from
                 the
                 success
                 ,
                 the
                 guide
                 of
                 the
                 ignorant
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 should
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 argue
                 these
                 people
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 opinions
                 he
                 would
                 lose
                 his
                 time
                 and
                 pains
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 no
                 better
                 means
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 see
                 and
                 feel
                 their
                 Errors
                 ;
                 so
                 startling
                 Horses
                 use
                 to
                 be
                 
                 whip'd
                 and
                 spur'd
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 go
                 forwards
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 vanity
                 of
                 the
                 shadow
                 which
                 frightned
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 means
                 Pacuvius
                 us'd
                 to
                 appease
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 Capua
                 ,
                 who
                 rose
                 against
                 the
                 Senate
                 :
                 he
                 first
                 shut
                 all
                 the
                 Senators
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 consent
                 ,
                 into
                 a
                 certain
                 Hall
                 ;
                 then
                 calls
                 the
                 people
                 together
                 ,
                 tells
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 take
                 off
                 or
                 punish
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 now
                 is
                 their
                 time
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 lock'd
                 up
                 without
                 Arms
                 ;
                 but
                 withal
                 tells
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 necessary
                 to
                 take
                 them
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 to
                 elect
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 him
                 whom
                 they
                 took
                 off
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 without
                 those
                 heads
                 the
                 State
                 could
                 not
                 subsist
                 a
                 Moment
                 .
                 He
                 puts
                 all
                 their
                 Names
                 in
                 a
                 Pot
                 ,
                 draws
                 out
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 asks
                 the
                 people
                 what
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 done
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 they
                 all
                 cry
                 out
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 die
                 ;
                 then
                 he
                 advises
                 them
                 to
                 elect
                 another
                 ;
                 this
                 confounds
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 don't
                 know
                 who
                 to
                 propose
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 a
                 second
                 and
                 third
                 time
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 agree
                 upon
                 their
                 choice
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 their
                 confusion
                 taught
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 better
                 to
                 bear
                 with
                 an
                 ill
                 already
                 experienc'd
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 attempt
                 a
                 remedy
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 immediately
                 commanded
                 the
                 Senators
                 to
                 be
                 releas'd
                 .
                 The
                 people
                 is
                 very
                 furious
                 in
                 its
                 opinions
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 often
                 ,
                 especially
                 upon
                 any
                 imminent
                 danger
                 ,
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 great
                 management
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 govern
                 it
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hand
                 ,
                 keeping
                 pace
                 with
                 it
                 in
                 its
                 ignorance
                 .
                 The
                 people
                 are
                 often
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 their
                 duty
                 ,
                 by
                 laying
                 before
                 them
                 the
                 incoveniences
                 which
                 have
                 hapned
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 cases
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 mov'd
                 by
                 Example
                 than
                 Reason
                 21
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XLVII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 EVEN
                 Vertues
                 have
                 their
                 Dangers
                 ;
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 always
                 in
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Mind
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 always
                 in
                 exercise
                 .
                 Publick
                 interest
                 ought
                 to
                 dictate
                 when
                 and
                 where
                 to
                 use
                 them
                 .
                 Us'd
                 without
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 they
                 either
                 become
                 Vices
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 not
                 less
                 hurtfull
                 than
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 private
                 person
                 they
                 respect
                 only
                 him
                 ;
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 both
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 State
                 too
                 .
                 They
                 ought
                 to
                 suit
                 with
                 the
                 common
                 interest
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 particular
                 persons
                 .
                 Civil
                 Science
                 prescribes
                 certain
                 limits
                 to
                 the
                 Vertue
                 of
                 him
                 who
                 commands
                 and
                 him
                 who
                 obeys
                 .
                 Justice
                 is
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Minister
                 ,
                 but
                 ought
                 always
                 to
                 be
                 directed
                 by
                 the
                 Laws
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 Soul
                 thereof
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 certain
                 considerations
                 ,
                 which
                 respect
                 the
                 Government
                 in
                 common
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Subject
                 Commiseration
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 excessive
                 ;
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 't
                 is
                 often
                 dangerous
                 .
                 To
                 demonstrate
                 this
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 that
                 method
                 ,
                 which
                 according
                 
                 to
                 Sanaz●ro
                 and
                 Garcilazo
                 ,
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 us'd
                 to
                 catch
                 Crows
                 .
                 Which
                 shews
                 Princes
                 with
                 how
                 much
                 circumspection
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 interest
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 misfortunes
                 and
                 dangers
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 They
                 fastned
                 a
                 Crow
                 by
                 the
                 Pinions
                 of
                 its
                 Wings
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 this
                 seeing
                 others
                 fly
                 by
                 ,
                 would
                 ,
                 by
                 making
                 a
                 grievous
                 noise
                 ,
                 excite
                 them
                 to
                 pity
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 down
                 to
                 its
                 assistance
                 .
                 
                   
                     Cercavanla
                     ,
                     i
                     alguna
                     mas
                     piadosa
                  
                   
                     Del
                     mal
                     ageno
                     de
                     la
                     companera
                     .
                  
                   
                     Quae
                     del
                     fnyo
                     à
                     visada
                     ,
                     ô
                     timerosa
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                
                 For
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 fastned
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 catches
                 hold
                 of
                 another
                 with
                 its
                 Claws
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 free
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 again
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 same
                 Compassion
                 brought
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 caught
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 something
                 may
                 be
                 attributed
                 to
                 the
                 Novelty
                 of
                 the
                 accident
                 ,
                 for
                 sometimes
                 that
                 appears
                 Compassion
                 which
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 motion
                 of
                 natural
                 Inquietude
                 .
                 I
                 allow
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Heart
                 to
                 be
                 mov'd
                 with
                 Compassion
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Misfortunes
                 and
                 Complaints
                 of
                 foreign
                 Princes
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 to
                 arm
                 upon
                 every
                 slight
                 occasion
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 private
                 person
                 to
                 expose
                 himself
                 to
                 dangers
                 to
                 serve
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 is
                 brave
                 and
                 commendable
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 blameable
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 hazzards
                 the
                 publick
                 safety
                 for
                 the
                 service
                 of
                 a
                 Foreigner
                 ,
                 without
                 good
                 grounds
                 and
                 reasons
                 of
                 State
                 ;
                 nor
                 are
                 those
                 of
                 Consanguinity
                 or
                 private
                 Friendship
                 sufficient
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 born
                 more
                 for
                 his
                 Subjects
                 than
                 his
                 Relations
                 and
                 Friends
                 ;
                 he
                 may
                 indeed
                 assist
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 incurring
                 any
                 damage
                 or
                 danger
                 .
                 When
                 assistance
                 renders
                 the
                 danger
                 so
                 common
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 one
                 draws
                 after
                 it
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 tie
                 of
                 Obligation
                 or
                 Piety
                 can
                 excuse
                 it
                 :
                 but
                 when
                 interests
                 are
                 so
                 interwoven
                 and
                 united
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 must
                 follow
                 the
                 fate
                 of
                 th'
                 other
                 ,
                 who-ever
                 assists
                 in
                 that
                 case
                 acts
                 his
                 own
                 cause
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 prudence
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 )
                 to
                 oppose
                 dangers
                 in
                 a
                 foreign
                 State
                 than
                 to
                 expect
                 them
                 at
                 home
                 .
                 Also
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 publick
                 interest
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 oppressed
                 ;
                 the
                 Prince
                 who
                 is
                 most
                 potent
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 without
                 doubt
                 ,
                 obliged
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 between
                 Princes
                 Justice
                 can't
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 Tribunals
                 ;
                 
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Authority
                 and
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 finds
                 Refuge
                 .
                 In
                 such
                 case
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 idle
                 Spectator
                 only
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 that
                 Policy
                 which
                 aims
                 to
                 imbroil
                 other
                 Princes
                 ,
                 that
                 themselves
                 may
                 be
                 more
                 secure
                 through
                 their
                 dissensions
                 ,
                 and
                 raise
                 their
                 own
                 fortunes
                 upon
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 these
                 the
                 supreme
                 Judge
                 of
                 the
                 intentions
                 severely
                 punishes
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 cases
                 require
                 great
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 to
                 weigh
                 the
                 ingagement
                 with
                 the
                 interest
                 ,
                 least
                 we
                 should
                 ▪
                 entangle
                 our selves
                 in
                 others
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 their
                 danger
                 ours
                 ,
                 for
                 we
                 must
                 not
                 afterwards
                 expect
                 the
                 same
                 return
                 .
                 Spain
                 pitied
                 the
                 Misfortunes
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 assisted
                 it
                 with
                 its
                 Blood
                 and
                 Treasures
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 proceeded
                 the
                 Invasions
                 which
                 France
                 made
                 in
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Flanders
                   ,
                   Burgundy
                
                 and
                 Spain
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 War
                 lying
                 at
                 present
                 upon
                 this
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 yet
                 won't
                 some
                 in
                 Germany
                 acknowledge
                 this
                 ,
                 or
                 believe
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 their
                 sakes
                 .
              
               
                 Experience
                 therefore
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 and
                 others
                 Misfortunes
                 ought
                 to
                 make
                 us
                 more
                 cautious
                 in
                 our
                 Commiseration
                 and
                 Assistance
                 .
                 How
                 often
                 ,
                 by
                 assisting
                 the
                 Misfortunes
                 of
                 our
                 Friends
                 ,
                 have
                 we
                 lost
                 both
                 our selves
                 and
                 him
                 ,
                 being
                 afterwards
                 ungratefull
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 !
                 How
                 often
                 have
                 these
                 incurr'd
                 the
                 hatred
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 by
                 those
                 very
                 means
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 serv'd
                 him
                 .
                 Germanicus
                 was
                 adopted
                 by
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 appointed
                 to
                 succeed
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 faithfull
                 in
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 took
                 it
                 as
                 an
                 affront
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Legions
                 should
                 offer
                 him
                 the
                 Empire
                 1
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 press'd
                 him
                 to
                 it
                 would
                 have
                 stabb'd
                 himself
                 2
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 faithfully
                 he
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 the
                 less
                 gratefull
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 Tiberius
                 .
                 His
                 care
                 in
                 appeasing
                 the
                 Legions
                 with
                 Donatives
                 was
                 distastfull
                 3
                 .
                 His
                 Piety
                 in
                 gathering
                 and
                 burying
                 the
                 Relicts
                 of
                 
                 Var●s's
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 interpreted
                 Ambition
                 4
                 .
                 The
                 Compassion
                 of
                 his
                 Wife
                 Agrippina
                 in
                 cloathing
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 rule
                 5
                 .
                 
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 all
                 
                 Germanicus's
                 actions
                 were
                 misinterpreted
                 6
                 .
                 Germanicus
                 knew
                 this
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 upon
                 pretence
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 from
                 his
                 true
                 Glory
                 in
                 Germany
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 oblige
                 him
                 more
                 by
                 Obedience
                 and
                 Observance
                 7
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 made
                 him
                 still
                 more
                 odious
                 ,
                 till
                 Gratitude
                 ,
                 oppress'd
                 by
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 Obligation
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Eastern
                 Provinces
                 8
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 poison'd
                 by
                 Piso
                 ,
                 rejoycing
                 in
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 9
                 Some
                 Princes
                 are
                 Idols
                 ,
                 whose
                 Eyes
                 are
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 Ieremiah
                 says
                 )
                 blinded
                 with
                 the
                 dust
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 enter
                 in
                 to
                 worship
                 them
                 10
                 .
                 They
                 acknowledge
                 no
                 Services
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 worse
                 ,
                 won't
                 be
                 convinc'd
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 that
                 their
                 liberty
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 desert
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 take
                 great
                 care
                 to
                 disengage
                 themselves
                 from
                 it
                 .
                 Him
                 who
                 has
                 perform'd
                 signal
                 Services
                 they
                 charge
                 with
                 some
                 Crime
                 or
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 pretension
                 to
                 reward
                 being
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 a
                 defence
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 take
                 his
                 Pardon
                 for
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Recompence
                 .
                 They
                 seem
                 dis-satisfied
                 with
                 those
                 very
                 Services
                 which
                 they
                 inwardly
                 approve
                 ;
                 to
                 avoid
                 being
                 oblig'd
                 ,
                 or
                 they
                 attribute
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 orders
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 that
                 very
                 thing
                 which
                 they
                 desir'd
                 and
                 commanded
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 they
                 repent
                 of
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 angry
                 with
                 him
                 who
                 facilitated
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 it
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 motive
                 .
                 The
                 Heart
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 is
                 unsearchable
                 11
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 deep
                 Sea
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 day
                 boisterous
                 and
                 raging
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 cause
                 which
                 made
                 it
                 yesterday
                 calm
                 and
                 serene
                 .
                 The
                 Goods
                 of
                 Fortune
                 and
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 Riches
                 and
                 Honours
                 ,
                 they
                 sometimes
                 e●●eem
                 meritorious
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 injurious
                 and
                 criminal
                 12
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 most
                 officious
                 diligence
                 often
                 displeases
                 them
                 .
                 That
                 of
                 Uzza●
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 in
                 putting
                 forth
                 his
                 arm
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 
                 falling
                 Ark
                 ,
                 cost
                 him
                 his
                 life
                 13
                 .
                 Princes
                 usually
                 recompence
                 negligence
                 rather
                 than
                 care
                 ,
                 and
                 reward
                 the
                 least
                 Services
                 with
                 greatest
                 Honours
                 .
                 To
                 be
                 oblig'd
                 they
                 reckon
                 servile
                 and
                 mean
                 ,
                 and
                 chuse
                 Ingratitude
                 rather
                 than
                 Acknowledgment
                 .
                 The
                 prompt
                 zeal
                 and
                 liberality
                 of
                 
                   Iunius
                   Blaesus
                
                 towards
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Vitellius
                 got
                 him
                 his
                 Hatred
                 instead
                 of
                 Thanks
                 14
                 .
                 The
                 renown'd
                 Roger
                 of
                 Catalo●ia
                 ,
                 being
                 at
                 Constantinople
                 to
                 assist
                 Fadricus
                 King
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 was
                 recall'd
                 by
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Andronicus
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Empire
                 ;
                 he
                 did
                 things
                 beyond
                 belief
                 ;
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 valiant
                 Catalonians
                 ;
                 he
                 repell'd
                 the
                 Turks
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 expected
                 a
                 reward
                 for
                 his
                 Services
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperour
                 upon
                 some
                 slight
                 pretence
                 ,
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 And
                 very
                 often
                 some
                 frivolous
                 pretence
                 is
                 more
                 regarded
                 than
                 the
                 greatest
                 Services
                 ;
                 for
                 Gratitude
                 is
                 esteem'd
                 a
                 burthen
                 to
                 the
                 mind
                 ,
                 but
                 Revenge
                 discharges
                 the
                 Bile
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 this
                 Misfortune
                 in
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 man
                 knows
                 when
                 he
                 obliges
                 or
                 disobliges
                 them
                 15
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 we
                 would
                 form
                 any
                 method
                 of
                 Policy
                 from
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 History
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Misfortunes
                 which
                 we
                 incur
                 through
                 our
                 over●officiousness
                 ,
                 we
                 had
                 need
                 distinguish
                 between
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 use
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 considering
                 that
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 in
                 us
                 as
                 their
                 proper
                 Subject
                 ,
                 yet
                 do
                 they
                 not
                 all
                 operate
                 within
                 us
                 .
                 Some
                 are
                 practised
                 externally
                 ,
                 others
                 internally
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 Fortitude
                 ,
                 Patience
                 ,
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 Humility
                 ,
                 Religion
                 ,
                 among
                 which
                 ,
                 some
                 are
                 only
                 so
                 far
                 for
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 external
                 ones
                 contribute
                 no
                 more
                 thereto
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 humane
                 Society
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 esteem
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 Excellence
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 Humility
                 ,
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 and
                 Humanity
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 perfect
                 these
                 Vertues
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 work
                 upon
                 the
                 Minds
                 and
                 Approbation
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 provided
                 we
                 can
                 keep
                 a
                 
                 Decorum
                 .
                 Other
                 of
                 those
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 internal
                 ,
                 yet
                 their
                 Operation
                 depends
                 upon
                 external
                 Actions
                 ,
                 as
                 Valour
                 and
                 Magnanimity
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 danger
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 which
                 prescribes
                 time
                 and
                 manner
                 to
                 all
                 Vertues
                 .
                 For
                 excessive
                 and
                 imprudent
                 reservedness
                 usually
                 obstructs
                 our
                 interest
                 ;
                 we
                 losing
                 our selves
                 under
                 a
                 Notion
                 of
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Glory
                 ,
                 while
                 those
                 who
                 suit
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Times
                 ,
                 Necessity
                 and
                 Fla●tery
                 ,
                 obtain
                 the
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Commendations
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 exercise
                 of
                 those
                 Vertues
                 which
                 respect
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Liberality
                 and
                 Compassion
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 always
                 some
                 danger
                 ,
                 because
                 neither
                 the
                 Rewards
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 acknowledgments
                 of
                 Friends
                 are
                 answerable
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 we
                 perswade
                 our selves
                 that
                 our
                 Services
                 will
                 be
                 acceptable
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 to
                 assist
                 our
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 reciprocally
                 expose
                 their
                 own
                 Lives
                 and
                 Fortunes
                 .
                 Into
                 this
                 error
                 we
                 are
                 led
                 by
                 our
                 own
                 Sense
                 of
                 Gratitude
                 ,
                 which
                 often
                 makes
                 us
                 heedless
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 ruin
                 ,
                 to
                 satisfie
                 for
                 Obligations
                 receiv'd
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 we
                 fall
                 into
                 any
                 Calamity
                 they
                 withdraw
                 and
                 desert
                 us
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 but
                 three
                 of
                 
                 Iob's
                 Friends
                 who
                 visited
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Afflictions
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 too
                 by
                 God's
                 Command
                 16
                 :
                 nor
                 did
                 they
                 assist
                 him
                 but
                 with
                 Words
                 and
                 severe
                 Advice
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 need
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Patience
                 to
                 bear
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 God
                 again
                 smil'd
                 upon
                 Iob
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 heap
                 on
                 him
                 Riches
                 in
                 abundance
                 ,
                 then
                 came
                 flocking
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 his
                 Brethren
                 and
                 Relations
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 too
                 who
                 knew
                 him
                 not
                 but
                 by
                 sight
                 ,
                 and
                 sat
                 down
                 at
                 Table
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 partake
                 of
                 his
                 Prosperity
                 17
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 error
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 mutual
                 assistance
                 and
                 obligation
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 reap'd
                 nought
                 but
                 Ingratitude
                 and
                 Hatred
                 from
                 their
                 benefits
                 and
                 kindnesses
                 ,
                 and
                 created
                 Enemies
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 before
                 were
                 their
                 Friends
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 die
                 friendless
                 and
                 miserable
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 
                 Spirit
                 has
                 cautioned
                 us
                 of
                 this
                 :
                 
                   My
                   Son
                
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   if
                   thou
                   be
                   surety
                   for
                   thy
                   Friend
                   ,
                   if
                   thou
                   hast
                   stricken
                   thy
                   hand
                   with
                   a
                   stranger
                   ;
                   thou
                   art
                   snar'd
                   with
                   the
                   words
                   of
                   thy
                   mouth
                   ,
                   thou
                   art
                   taken
                   with
                   thine
                   own
                   words
                
                 18
                 .
                 He
                 advises
                 us
                 to
                 deliver
                 our selves
                 from
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 a
                 Friend
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Roe
                 from
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 the
                 Hunter
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 a
                 Bird
                 from
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 the
                 Fowler
                 19
                 .
                 Do
                 good
                 but
                 look
                 about
                 ye
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Spanish
                 Proverb
                 drawn
                 from
                 Experience
                 .
                 Those
                 are
                 not
                 subject
                 to
                 these
                 Misfortunes
                 who
                 live
                 only
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 nor
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 mov'd
                 by
                 Compassion
                 or
                 Charity
                 ,
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 calamities
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 being
                 deaf
                 to
                 their
                 Tears
                 and
                 Groans
                 ,
                 avoiding
                 all
                 occasions
                 of
                 intermedling
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 live
                 free
                 from
                 cares
                 and
                 troubles
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 gain
                 not
                 new
                 Friends
                 ,
                 they
                 however
                 keep
                 those
                 they
                 have
                 ;
                 not
                 being
                 esteem'd
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 they
                 do
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 ill
                 they
                 don't
                 do
                 ,
                 this
                 being
                 in
                 them
                 accounted
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Besides
                 we
                 naturally
                 esteem
                 them
                 most
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 least
                 need
                 of
                 us
                 ,
                 who
                 without
                 being
                 beholden
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 live
                 content
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 .
                 Whence
                 considering
                 the
                 usual
                 custom
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 perhaps
                 seem
                 adviseable
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 idle
                 Spectator
                 of
                 others
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 and
                 minding
                 only
                 our
                 own
                 interests
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 engage
                 our selves
                 in
                 their
                 dangers
                 and
                 troubles
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 policy
                 would
                 be
                 against
                 our
                 duty
                 as
                 Christians
                 ,
                 Charity
                 ,
                 and
                 generous
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 us
                 a
                 nearer
                 access
                 to
                 God.
                 This
                 would
                 dissolve
                 all
                 civil
                 Society
                 ,
                 which
                 wholly
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 mutual
                 assistance
                 of
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 Vertue
                 needs
                 no
                 outward
                 acknowledgments
                 ;
                 being
                 to
                 it self
                 a
                 fair
                 reward
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 then
                 most
                 perfect
                 and
                 glorious
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 expects
                 the
                 least
                 return
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Avarice
                 to
                 do
                 good
                 in
                 hopes
                 of
                 a
                 Retaliation
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 not
                 obtain'd
                 creates
                 a
                 lasting
                 resentment
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 therefore
                 be
                 guided
                 by
                 the
                 consideration
                 of
                 what
                 we
                 owe
                 our selves
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 by
                 the
                 example
                 of
                 God
                 Almighty
                 ,
                 who
                 bestows
                 his
                 Blessings
                 even
                 on
                 the
                 Ungratefull
                 .
                 Yet
                 't
                 is
                 Prudence
                 to
                 have
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 and
                 where
                 acknowledgments
                 may
                 be
                 expected
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 too
                 hard
                 for
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 after
                 great
                 Expences
                 ,
                 great
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Hardships
                 undergone
                 for
                 another
                 ,
                 to
                 meet
                 with
                 nothing
                 
                 but
                 Ingratitude
                 in
                 return
                 .
                 To
                 him
                 who
                 understands
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 usual
                 ways
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 this
                 will
                 not
                 seem
                 at
                 all
                 new
                 ;
                 but
                 foreknowing
                 it
                 ,
                 will
                 ward
                 the
                 blow
                 ,
                 and
                 avoid
                 being
                 hurt
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 should
                 also
                 well
                 consider
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 really
                 our
                 Friend's
                 interest
                 for
                 us
                 to
                 undertake
                 his
                 assistance
                 :
                 for
                 sometimes
                 we
                 do
                 him
                 an
                 injury
                 by
                 our
                 diligence
                 ,
                 because
                 't
                 is
                 either
                 unseasonable
                 or
                 imprudent
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 we
                 ruin
                 both
                 our selves
                 and
                 him
                 too
                 .
                 This
                 officiousness
                 Thraseas
                 check'd
                 in
                 
                   Rusticus
                   Arulenus
                
                 ,
                 though
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 behalf
                 ,
                 knowing
                 that
                 kindness
                 would
                 be
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Intercessor
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 no
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 criminal
                 20
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 imprudent
                 and
                 dangerous
                 to
                 be
                 over
                 zealous
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 good
                 and
                 welfare
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 then
                 especially
                 ,
                 when
                 without
                 obligation
                 of
                 duty
                 ,
                 or
                 certain
                 prospect
                 of
                 remedy
                 ,
                 we
                 intermeddle
                 with
                 their
                 concerns
                 to
                 our
                 own
                 apparent
                 ruin
                 .
                 I
                 don't
                 mean
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 be
                 insensible
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 others
                 sufferings
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 for
                 our
                 own
                 ease
                 and
                 quiet
                 we
                 should
                 basely
                 truckle
                 to
                 the
                 Times
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 not
                 foolishly
                 ruin
                 our selves
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 follow
                 the
                 example
                 of
                 
                   Lucius
                   Piso
                
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 difficult
                 and
                 deplorable
                 times
                 ,
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 preserve
                 himself
                 with
                 such
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 never
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 any
                 servile
                 proposition
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 absolute
                 necessity
                 ,
                 did
                 it
                 with
                 great
                 Moderation
                 21
                 .
                 Oftentimes
                 we
                 are
                 forward
                 in
                 giving
                 our
                 advice
                 in
                 things
                 which
                 don
                 't
                 concern
                 us
                 ,
                 perswaded
                 that
                 therein
                 consists
                 the
                 remedy
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 ills
                 :
                 not
                 considering
                 how
                 easily
                 we
                 are
                 deceiv'd
                 with
                 a
                 conceit
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 opinions
                 ,
                 without
                 particular
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 motives
                 upon
                 which
                 Princes
                 act
                 .
                 Nothing
                 is
                 more
                 dangerous
                 than
                 to
                 advise
                 ;
                 even
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 oblig'd
                 in
                 duty
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 avoid
                 it
                 if
                 not
                 ask'd
                 ;
                 for
                 Advice
                 is
                 judg'd
                 by
                 the
                 event
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 depends
                 upon
                 future
                 accidents
                 ,
                 which
                 no
                 Prudence
                 can
                 foresee
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 falls
                 out
                 ill
                 is
                 attributed
                 to
                 the
                 Counsellor
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 that
                 which
                 succeeds
                 well
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XLVIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 HOW
                 are
                 Princes
                 arm'd
                 against
                 foreign
                 Enemies
                 !
                 and
                 how
                 unprovided
                 against
                 domestick
                 ones
                 !
                 who
                 follow
                 them
                 even
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 Guards
                 ,
                 yet
                 do
                 they
                 take
                 no
                 notice
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 Flatterers
                 and
                 Parasites
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 there
                 less
                 danger
                 from
                 their
                 Fawns
                 than
                 from
                 an
                 Enemy's
                 Sword.
                 Flattery
                 has
                 ruin'd
                 more
                 Princes
                 than
                 force
                 .
                 What
                 Royal
                 Purple
                 has
                 not
                 this
                 Moth
                 eaten
                 ?
                 What
                 Sceptre
                 has
                 not
                 this
                 Worm
                 gnaw'd
                 ?
                 It
                 insinuates
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 tallest
                 Cedars
                 ,
                 and
                 preying
                 upon
                 the
                 root
                 soon
                 brings
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 damage
                 not
                 discern'd
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 entire
                 ruin
                 ;
                 the
                 effect
                 is
                 sooner
                 seen
                 than
                 the
                 cause
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 false
                 Silk-worm
                 which
                 inhabits
                 the
                 gilded
                 Roofs
                 of
                 Palaces
                 .
                 The
                 present
                 Emblem
                 compares
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 Lizzard
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 gay
                 sta●ry
                 back
                 and
                 poison'd
                 Breast
                 .
                 It
                 appears
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 under
                 the
                 shining
                 Cloak
                 of
                 Zeal
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 conceal
                 its
                 pernicious
                 
                 designs
                 1
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 brightness
                 does
                 not
                 denote
                 the
                 Excellence
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 the
                 Scripture
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 a
                 Leprosie
                 2
                 ;
                 and
                 rotten
                 wood
                 gives
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 light
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 glimmerings
                 of
                 good
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 blackest
                 Soul.
                 Sometimes
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 bowels
                 of
                 Severity
                 ,
                 the
                 Assertor
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 Opposer
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 Flattery
                 basely
                 discovers
                 it self
                 ;
                 as
                 when
                 
                   Valerius
                   Mesalla
                
                 propos'd
                 the
                 administring
                 the
                 Oath
                 of
                 Allegiance
                 to
                 Tiberius
                 each
                 year
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 ask'd
                 by
                 whose
                 order
                 he
                 did
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 reply'd
                 ,
                 That
                 't
                 was
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 proper
                 motive
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 all
                 matters
                 of
                 publick
                 concern
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 follow
                 the
                 Dictates
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 reason
                 ,
                 even
                 though
                 he
                 should
                 offend
                 by
                 it
                 3
                 .
                 Not
                 unlike
                 this
                 ,
                 was
                 that
                 of
                 Ateius
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 
                   Lucius
                   Ennius
                
                 was
                 accus'd
                 of
                 having
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 Silver
                 Statue
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 house
                 Plate
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 Tiberius
                 being
                 willing
                 to
                 wave
                 the
                 Accusation
                 ,
                 openly
                 oppos'd
                 it
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Senators
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 judging
                 ,
                 nor
                 should
                 such
                 a
                 Crime
                 go
                 unpunish'd
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 indeed
                 forgive
                 his
                 own
                 Grievances
                 ,
                 but
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 prodigal
                 of
                 the
                 Injuries
                 done
                 the
                 State
                 4
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lizzard
                 changes
                 its
                 skin
                 every
                 year
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 does
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 as
                 oft
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Prince
                 changes
                 his
                 mind
                 .
                 The
                 Ministers
                 of
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 Divorce
                 Queen
                 Violante
                 ,
                 for
                 Barrenness
                 ,
                 arguing
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Marriage
                 was
                 void
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 afterwards
                 declar'd
                 valid
                 ,
                 and
                 perswaded
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 retake
                 her
                 to
                 his
                 Bed
                 †
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Animal
                 more
                 cunning
                 than
                 the
                 Lizzard
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 Lawyers
                 call
                 all
                 false
                 practice
                 
                   Crimen
                   Stellionatus
                
                 .
                 Who
                 uses
                 more
                 cheats
                 than
                 the
                 Flatterer
                 ,
                 imposing
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 the
                 noblest
                 faculty
                 of
                 man
                 ;
                 so
                 much
                 above
                 the
                 other
                 Senses
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 it
                 the
                 rest
                 would
                 be
                 inslav'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lizzard
                 does
                 not
                 kill
                 him
                 whom
                 it
                 wounds
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 benumbs
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 beside
                 himself
                 ,
                 by
                 raising
                 divers
                 passions
                 in
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 proper
                 quality
                 of
                 a
                 Flatterer
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 specious
                 pretences
                 charms
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Ears
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 so
                 beside
                 themselves
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can't
                 search
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 things
                 .
                 The
                 Lizzard
                 is
                 so
                 inveterate
                 against
                 man
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 it
                 casts
                 its
                 skin
                 ,
                 it
                 eats
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 least
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 usefull
                 in
                 the
                 cure
                 of
                 the
                 Falling-sickness
                 .
                 A
                 Flatterer
                 desires
                 a
                 Prince
                 may
                 not
                 recover
                 from
                 his
                 errors
                 ;
                 for
                 Disabuse
                 is
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 utter
                 Enemy
                 to
                 Flattery
                 .
                 Flatterers
                 envy
                 the
                 prosperity
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 hate
                 them
                 as
                 those
                 who
                 by
                 their
                 power
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 certain
                 necessity
                 oblige
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Slavery
                 of
                 Dissimulation
                 and
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 and
                 force
                 them
                 to
                 speak
                 one
                 thing
                 and
                 think
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Prince
                 has
                 need
                 of
                 great
                 Prudence
                 to
                 distinguish
                 Flattery
                 :
                 for
                 it
                 consists
                 in
                 Praise
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 will
                 find
                 from
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 far
                 from
                 that
                 Vice.
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 difference
                 that
                 a
                 Flatterer
                 promiscuously
                 commends
                 all
                 ,
                 honourable
                 or
                 base
                 ,
                 good
                 or
                 bad
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 other
                 only
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 just
                 and
                 good
                 .
                 When
                 therefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 sees
                 things
                 attributed
                 to
                 him
                 which
                 are
                 due
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 or
                 which
                 are
                 mere
                 accidents
                 5
                 ;
                 frivolous
                 things
                 commended
                 and
                 extoll'd
                 which
                 don
                 't
                 deserve
                 it
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 tend
                 more
                 to
                 pleasure
                 than
                 Reputation
                 .
                 Such
                 as
                 avert
                 his
                 mind
                 from
                 the
                 toil
                 of
                 affairs
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 respect
                 more
                 his
                 own
                 advantage
                 than
                 the
                 publick
                 interest
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 person
                 who
                 so
                 commends
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 rightly
                 govern
                 himself
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 does
                 not
                 shew
                 any
                 concern
                 or
                 readiness
                 to
                 admonish
                 him
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 commits
                 any
                 thing
                 below
                 his
                 Person
                 and
                 Majesty
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 excuses
                 his
                 Errors
                 ,
                 and
                 regards
                 more
                 his
                 own
                 Interest
                 than
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 never
                 seems
                 offended
                 at
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 he
                 always
                 near
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 does
                 not
                 associate
                 with
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 zealous
                 Patriots
                 and
                 lovers
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 That
                 he
                 
                 praises
                 those
                 whom
                 he
                 thinks
                 agreeable
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 whom
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 ,
                 he
                 cannot
                 turn
                 out
                 of
                 favour
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 finds
                 himself
                 fixt
                 therein
                 ,
                 makes
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 esteem
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 by
                 attributing
                 all
                 good
                 success
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 accusing
                 the
                 Prince
                 in
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 follow
                 his
                 Counsel
                 ;
                 that
                 to
                 gain
                 credit
                 ,
                 he
                 brags
                 that
                 he
                 reprehended
                 his
                 Errors
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 private
                 he
                 excus'd
                 commended
                 and
                 approv'd
                 .
                 Such
                 a
                 one
                 as
                 this
                 a
                 Prince
                 may
                 well
                 mark
                 for
                 a
                 Flatterer
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 avoid
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 venomous
                 Poison
                 ,
                 and
                 directly
                 opposite
                 to
                 that
                 sincere
                 Love
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 serv'd
                 6
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 though
                 these
                 marks
                 are
                 plain
                 enough
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 self
                 Conceit
                 generally
                 so
                 blind
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 discern
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 but
                 suffer
                 it self
                 to
                 be
                 coax'd
                 with
                 its
                 own
                 Praises
                 ,
                 which
                 exercise
                 an
                 agreeable
                 Tyranny
                 over
                 the
                 Senses
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Flattery
                 so
                 gross
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 believe
                 its
                 due
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 this
                 happens
                 from
                 a
                 remiss
                 and
                 negligent
                 Goodness
                 ,
                 which
                 not
                 duly
                 considering
                 the
                 inconveniences
                 of
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 bears
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 interprets
                 it
                 Submission
                 and
                 Zeal
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 fault
                 of
                 Ferdinand
                 King
                 of
                 Galicia
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 hated
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 for
                 listening
                 too
                 much
                 to
                 Flatterers
                 .
                 And
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Ninth
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 obscure
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 other
                 Vertues
                 and
                 Exploits
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 believe
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 so
                 deceiv'd
                 either
                 through
                 Self-conceit
                 ,
                 or
                 their
                 natural
                 Goodness
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 there
                 be
                 sufficient
                 tokens
                 to
                 distinguish
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 which
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 know
                 and
                 avoid
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 advise
                 them
                 to
                 read
                 History
                 ,
                 and
                 observe
                 by
                 what
                 Tricks
                 and
                 Cheats
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 were
                 cajol'd
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 Losses
                 they
                 have
                 incurr'd
                 thereby
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 consider
                 ,
                 whether
                 or
                 no
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 serv'd
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 .
                 One
                 time
                 only
                 ,
                 when
                 King
                 Ahasuerus
                 could
                 not
                 sleep
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 Chronicles
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 learn'd
                 from
                 thence
                 what
                 never
                 any
                 one
                 durst
                 tell
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Designs
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 his
                 Favourite
                 Haman
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 faithfull
                 Services
                 of
                 Mordecat
                 :
                 those
                 hid
                 hitherto
                 by
                 Dissimulation
                 and
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 these
                 
                 stifled
                 through
                 Malice
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 being
                 disabus'd
                 ,
                 he
                 punish'd
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 rewarded
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Yet
                 even
                 in
                 this
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 beware
                 of
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 let
                 them
                 read
                 themselves
                 ;
                 for
                 perhaps
                 if
                 another
                 reads
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 either
                 pass
                 over
                 those
                 cases
                 which
                 should
                 instruct
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 change
                 some
                 Sentences
                 and
                 Words
                 .
                 O
                 unhappy
                 State
                 of
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 which
                 can't
                 be
                 sure
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 even
                 of
                 Books
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 esteem'd
                 the
                 faithfullest
                 Friends
                 of
                 Mankind
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 also
                 to
                 get
                 a
                 sight
                 of
                 all
                 Libels
                 which
                 are
                 publish'd
                 against
                 him
                 :
                 for
                 though
                 Malice
                 dictate
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 Truth
                 writes
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 will
                 find
                 therein
                 what
                 his
                 Courtiers
                 conceal
                 ,
                 and
                 gather
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Instruction
                 from
                 his
                 Infamy
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 seeing
                 how
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 cheated
                 ,
                 in
                 not
                 discovering
                 the
                 practices
                 of
                 Sejanus
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 publish'd
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 
                   Fulcinius
                   Trius
                
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 Satyr
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 see
                 ,
                 though
                 to
                 his
                 shame
                 ,
                 the
                 Truths
                 which
                 Flattery
                 had
                 conceal'd
                 from
                 him
                 7
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 always
                 view
                 his
                 own
                 actions
                 in
                 the
                 glass
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 let
                 him
                 consult
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 zealous
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 of
                 strict
                 Lives
                 and
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 and
                 observe
                 if
                 they
                 all
                 agree
                 in
                 one
                 opinion
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 variable
                 and
                 inconstant
                 glasses
                 of
                 Flattery
                 never
                 represent
                 things
                 as
                 they
                 really
                 are
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 the
                 Prince
                 would
                 have
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 be
                 corrected
                 by
                 the
                 wi●e
                 ,
                 than
                 cheated
                 by
                 the
                 Flattery
                 of
                 Fools
                 8
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 sometimes
                 to
                 consult
                 one
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 another
                 ,
                 making
                 them
                 lay
                 aside
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Fear
                 ,
                 by
                 letting
                 them
                 know
                 the
                 obligation
                 they
                 are
                 under
                 to
                 speak
                 Truth
                 .
                 Even
                 Samuel
                 durst
                 not
                 freely
                 tell
                 what
                 God
                 commanded
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 Eli
                 the
                 High-Priest
                 9
                 ,
                 until
                 he
                 entreated
                 him
                 10
                 .
              
               
               
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 sometimes
                 view
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 glass
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 least
                 spot
                 immediately
                 appears
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Mob
                 can't
                 dissemble
                 .
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Fourth
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 would
                 ,
                 disguis'd
                 ,
                 mix
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Crowd
                 ,
                 and
                 hear
                 what
                 they
                 said
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 and
                 Government
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 would
                 find
                 Truth
                 ,
                 must
                 seek
                 her
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 .
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Eleventh
                 of
                 France
                 us'd
                 to
                 complain
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 wanted
                 one
                 piece
                 of
                 Furniture
                 in
                 his
                 Palace
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 Truth
                 .
                 Which
                 is
                 too
                 modest
                 and
                 plain
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 Courts
                 ,
                 being
                 confounded
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 Kings
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 Saul
                 disguised
                 himself
                 when
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 consult
                 the
                 Witch
                 of
                 Endor
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 might
                 answer
                 him
                 with
                 more
                 freedom
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 did
                 this
                 himself
                 without
                 trusting
                 to
                 another
                 11
                 .
                 Ieroboam
                 also
                 observ'd
                 the
                 same
                 method
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 sent
                 his
                 Wife
                 to
                 Ahijah
                 to
                 enquire
                 about
                 their
                 sick
                 Child
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 her
                 to
                 disguise
                 her self
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 know
                 her
                 ,
                 least
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 either
                 give
                 her
                 no
                 answer
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 tell
                 her
                 truth
                 12
                 .
                 Since
                 then
                 Truth
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Palaces
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 she
                 must
                 be
                 trac'd
                 out
                 else-where
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 
                   the
                   honour
                   of
                   a
                   King
                   to
                   search
                   out
                   a
                   matter
                
                 13
                 .
                 King
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 had
                 a
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 lov'd
                 extremely
                 ,
                 who
                 us'd
                 to
                 inform
                 him
                 of
                 whatever
                 was
                 said
                 of
                 him
                 as
                 well
                 within
                 as
                 without
                 the
                 Court.
                 'T
                 is
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 discourses
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 in
                 the
                 absence
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 yet
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 his
                 ears
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 softned
                 ,
                 and
                 gilded
                 with
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 rather
                 encourage
                 ,
                 and
                 blindly
                 make
                 him
                 pursue
                 his
                 Vices
                 ,
                 perswading
                 him
                 that
                 his
                 actions
                 are
                 highly
                 approv'd
                 by
                 all
                 .
                 No
                 Government
                 was
                 more
                 tyrannical
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 ;
                 no
                 Favourite
                 more
                 hated
                 than
                 Sejanus
                 ;
                 yet
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 at
                 Caprea
                 ,
                 the
                 Senate
                 earnestly
                 begg'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 please
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 see
                 them
                 14
                 .
                 Nero
                 was
                 so
                 miserably
                 deceiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Flattery
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 believ'd
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 bear
                 his
                 absence
                 from
                 Rome
                 ,
                 though
                 for
                 never
                 so
                 small
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 presence
                 comforted
                 them
                 
                 in
                 their
                 Adversity
                 15
                 ;
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 really
                 so
                 odious
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 Nobility
                 were
                 in
                 doubt
                 ,
                 whether
                 he
                 was
                 more
                 cruel
                 in
                 his
                 Absence
                 than
                 his
                 Presence
                 16
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 other
                 ways
                 to
                 know
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 but
                 few
                 Princes
                 care
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 so
                 agreeable
                 to
                 their
                 inclinations
                 and
                 nature
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 we
                 see
                 Coiners
                 punish'd
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 Flatterers
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 last
                 are
                 most
                 guilty
                 ;
                 these
                 gild
                 and
                 counterfeit
                 our
                 Money
                 ,
                 those
                 our
                 Vices
                 ,
                 putting
                 them
                 off
                 even
                 to
                 our selves
                 for
                 Vertues
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 fault
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 still
                 decry'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 still
                 maintain'd
                 in
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Princes
                 ;
                 where
                 Truth
                 appears
                 not
                 without
                 danger
                 ,
                 especially
                 with
                 haughty
                 and
                 passionate
                 Princes
                 17
                 .
                 
                   Bernardo
                   de
                   Cabrera
                
                 lost
                 his
                 life
                 for
                 his
                 friendly
                 advice
                 in
                 some
                 affairs
                 to
                 Peter
                 the
                 IVth
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 his
                 signal
                 Services
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 having
                 been
                 his
                 Tutor
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 advises
                 or
                 informs
                 another
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 accuse
                 his
                 Actions
                 and
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 which
                 Princes
                 won't
                 endure
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 think
                 he
                 don
                 't
                 sufficiently
                 respect
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 talks
                 to
                 them
                 freely
                 .
                 
                   Gutierrez
                   Fernandez
                
                 of
                 Toledo
                 with
                 an
                 honest
                 and
                 well-meaning
                 Sincerity
                 ,
                 told
                 King
                 Peter
                 the
                 Cruel
                 ,
                 what
                 he
                 thought
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 moderate
                 his
                 Severity
                 ;
                 which
                 meritorious
                 Advice
                 the
                 King
                 took
                 for
                 such
                 a
                 crime
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 beheaded
                 for
                 it
                 *
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 looks
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 Judge
                 ,
                 who
                 observes
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 he
                 endure
                 him
                 who
                 finds
                 fault
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 danger
                 is
                 in
                 admonishing
                 a
                 Prince
                 what
                 he
                 should
                 do
                 ,
                 not
                 what
                 he
                 would
                 do
                 18
                 :
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 Truth
                 is
                 so
                 timorous
                 ,
                 and
                 Flattery
                 so
                 audacious
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 any
                 Prince
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 generous
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 think
                 it
                 base
                 and
                 mean
                 to
                 be
                 coax'd
                 by
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 and
                 look
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 contempt
                 for
                 others
                 to
                 pretend
                 to
                 impose
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 false
                 praises
                 ,
                 and
                 speak
                 more
                 of
                 his
                 Grandure
                 than
                 his
                 Person
                 
                 19
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 soon
                 be
                 rid
                 of
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 cattle
                 by
                 arming
                 himself
                 with
                 severity
                 ;
                 for
                 none
                 will
                 dare
                 attempt
                 a
                 stanch
                 and
                 severe
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 fathoms
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 learnt
                 to
                 contemn
                 vain
                 Honours
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 composure
                 of
                 countenance
                 ,
                 heard
                 the
                 freedom
                 of
                 Piso
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Flattery
                 of
                 Gallus
                 20
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 he
                 dissembled
                 so
                 well
                 ,
                 he
                 knew
                 the
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Ateius
                   Capito
                
                 ,
                 considering
                 their
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 not
                 their
                 Words
                 21
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 also
                 publickly
                 gratifie
                 those
                 who
                 shall
                 be
                 so
                 ingenuous
                 as
                 to
                 tell
                 him
                 Truth
                 .
                 Thus
                 Clisthenes
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Sicily
                 did
                 ,
                 who
                 erected
                 a
                 Statue
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 who
                 contradicted
                 his
                 Triumph
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 wonderfully
                 gain'd
                 the
                 hearts
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 encouraged
                 his
                 other
                 Counsellors
                 to
                 speak
                 their
                 Sentiments
                 more
                 freely
                 .
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Twelfth
                 ,
                 being
                 once
                 advising
                 about
                 an
                 affair
                 of
                 great
                 moment
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 in
                 his
                 right
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Sceptre
                 in
                 his
                 left
                 ,
                 spoke
                 to
                 this
                 effect
                 :
                 Come
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   speak
                   all
                   your
                   minds
                   freely
                   ,
                   and
                   frankly
                   advise
                   me
                   what
                   you
                   think
                   for
                   the
                   glory
                   of
                   this
                   Sword
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   this
                   Scepter
                
                 *
                 .
                 Happy
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Counsel
                 is
                 neither
                 embarrass'd
                 by
                 Respect
                 ,
                 nor
                 aw'd
                 by
                 Fear
                 !
                 All
                 men
                 know
                 the
                 baseness
                 of
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 know
                 too
                 the
                 inconveniencies
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 see
                 more
                 danger
                 from
                 this
                 than
                 that
                 .
                 Who
                 would
                 not
                 speak
                 with
                 more
                 sincerity
                 and
                 zeal
                 to
                 Princes
                 ,
                 were
                 they
                 all
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 temper
                 with
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 one
                 petition'd
                 for
                 some
                 vacant
                 Office
                 ,
                 reply'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 long
                 since
                 promis'd
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 faithfull
                 Servant
                 ,
                 who
                 never
                 spoke
                 to
                 please
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 serve
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 State
                 †
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 generous
                 Sincerity
                 is
                 very
                 rarely
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 ;
                 Princes
                 being
                 usually
                 of
                 King
                 
                 Achab's
                 mind
                 ,
                 who
                 calling
                 a
                 council
                 of
                 Prophets
                 ,
                 would
                 have
                 Micah
                 excluded
                 ,
                 because
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   he
                   doth
                   not
                   prophecy
                   good
                   concerning
                   me
                   ,
                   but
                   evil
                
                 22
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 Ministers
                 often
                 run
                 great
                 Risques
                 ,
                 who
                 through
                 zeal
                 are
                 too
                 forward
                 in
                 telling
                 their
                 Thoughts
                 
                 of
                 future
                 dangers
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 seasonably
                 prevented
                 .
                 For
                 Princes
                 had
                 rather
                 not
                 know
                 them
                 than
                 fear
                 them
                 ;
                 their
                 ears
                 are
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 the
                 soft
                 Harmony
                 of
                 Musick
                 ,
                 but
                 can't
                 bear
                 the
                 jarring
                 sounds
                 of
                 impending
                 dangers
                 .
                 Whence
                 they
                 chose
                 for
                 their
                 Counsellors
                 and
                 Confidents
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 will
                 tell
                 them
                 nothing
                 but
                 what
                 they
                 approve
                 of
                 23
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 what
                 God
                 inspires
                 as
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Micah
                 did
                 24
                 .
                 What
                 wonder
                 then
                 ,
                 if
                 without
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 Truth
                 they
                 lose
                 their
                 way
                 and
                 are
                 lost
                 ?
              
               
                 Would
                 these
                 Tell-truths
                 be
                 guided
                 by
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 doubtless
                 a
                 Prince
                 would
                 more
                 value
                 Truth
                 ,
                 than
                 vain
                 and
                 empty
                 Flattery
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 are
                 few
                 who
                 use
                 it
                 seasonably
                 ;
                 or
                 with
                 that
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Address
                 that
                 is
                 requisite
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 free
                 are
                 morose
                 ,
                 and
                 offend
                 Princes
                 with
                 the
                 asperity
                 of
                 their
                 Looks
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 arm'd
                 with
                 Truth
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 Vertues
                 are
                 odious
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 obstinate
                 Severity
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Spirit
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 gain'd
                 by
                 favours
                 .
                 For
                 Princes
                 think
                 themselves
                 slighted
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 see
                 those
                 measures
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 usually
                 taken
                 to
                 obtain
                 their
                 favour
                 are
                 contemn'd
                 ,
                 thinking
                 he
                 who
                 does
                 not
                 study
                 to
                 acquire
                 them
                 ,
                 neither
                 acknowledges
                 himself
                 their
                 Subject
                 ,
                 nor
                 has
                 occasion
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Superiour
                 uses
                 the
                 Lancet
                 or
                 incision
                 Knife
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 to
                 cure
                 the
                 distempers
                 of
                 the
                 inferiour
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 only
                 a
                 caustick
                 ,
                 which
                 without
                 pain
                 benumbs
                 ,
                 and
                 wears
                 away
                 the
                 parts
                 infected
                 in
                 the
                 Superiour
                 .
                 To
                 be
                 troublesome
                 with
                 unseasonable
                 and
                 improper
                 Truths
                 ,
                 is
                 rather
                 Malice
                 than
                 Zeal
                 ,
                 rather
                 Sauciness
                 that
                 Admonition
                 .
                 God
                 himself
                 uses
                 singular
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Caution
                 in
                 revealing
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 told
                 Pharaoh
                 and
                 Nebuchadnezzar
                 their
                 future
                 Calamities
                 by
                 Ioseph
                 and
                 Daniel
                 ;
                 yet
                 he
                 chose
                 rather
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 by
                 Dream
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Senses
                 were
                 ●ull'd
                 and
                 Majesty
                 buried
                 in
                 Sleep
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 then
                 not
                 clearly
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 Figures
                 and
                 Hieroglyphicks
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 some
                 time
                 allow'd
                 for
                 their
                 Interpretation
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 sudden
                 Terrour
                 and
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 the
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 
                 should
                 they
                 unask'd
                 declare
                 such
                 things
                 25
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Minister
                 can
                 make
                 the
                 Prince
                 understand
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 he
                 can
                 effect
                 by
                 signs
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 use
                 words
                 .
                 Yet
                 are
                 there
                 some
                 so
                 imprudent
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 glory
                 in
                 bold
                 Truths
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 fond
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 bearers
                 ,
                 nay
                 sometimes
                 the
                 inventers
                 of
                 ill
                 News
                 .
                 Let
                 these
                 learn
                 of
                 what
                 befell
                 King
                 Balshazzar
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 hand
                 that
                 pronounc'd
                 his
                 death
                 upon
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 wholly
                 visible
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 the
                 fingers
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 them
                 neither
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 be
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 who
                 guided
                 them
                 ;
                 nor
                 this
                 by
                 day
                 light
                 but
                 by
                 night
                 ,
                 writing
                 that
                 decretory
                 Sentence
                 by
                 Candle-light
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Wall
                 in
                 such
                 Characters
                 ,
                 as
                 required
                 some
                 time
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 .
                 While
                 therefore
                 the
                 intention
                 is
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 accompanied
                 by
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 easie
                 to
                 walk
                 a
                 secure
                 and
                 middle
                 path
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 Slavery
                 of
                 Flattery
                 and
                 the
                 Arrogance
                 of
                 Truth
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 Truths
                 may
                 be
                 spoken
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 be
                 with
                 discretion
                 ,
                 by
                 proposing
                 only
                 the
                 amendment
                 of
                 those
                 to
                 whom
                 they
                 are
                 directed
                 .
                 Thus
                 the
                 discretion
                 and
                 address
                 of
                 Agricola
                 mollified
                 the
                 stern
                 humour
                 of
                 Domitian
                 27
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 with
                 his
                 Services
                 and
                 Modesty
                 mingles
                 Valour
                 and
                 Industry
                 ,
                 may
                 live
                 safe
                 under
                 the
                 worst
                 of
                 Princes
                 28
                 ;
                 and
                 gain
                 more
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 being
                 too
                 ambitious
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 do
                 foolishly
                 ruin
                 themselves
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 ;
                 by
                 this
                 circumspection
                 
                   M.
                   Lepidus
                
                 turn'd
                 to
                 his
                 advantage
                 many
                 dangerous
                 Flatteries
                 ,
                 and
                 preserv'd
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 29
                 .
                 Thrasea
                 Paetus's
                 going
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 being
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 Votes
                 ,
                 which
                 to
                 flatter
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 making
                 against
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 Agrippina
                 ,
                 was
                 pernicious
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 dangerous
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 without
                 giving
                 any
                 foundation
                 to
                 the
                 peoples
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 proposed
                 30
                 .
              
               
               
                 Truth
                 is
                 yet
                 more
                 dangerous
                 in
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 avoiding
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 to
                 seem
                 free
                 and
                 plain
                 ,
                 carp
                 at
                 the
                 actions
                 and
                 failures
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 with
                 sharp
                 Jests
                 ,
                 which
                 stick
                 long
                 by
                 the
                 great
                 ones
                 ,
                 especially
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 grounded
                 upon
                 Truth
                 31
                 :
                 As
                 Vestinus
                 found
                 by
                 Nero
                 ,
                 who
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 for
                 reprehending
                 his
                 Vices
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 freedom
                 32
                 .
                 To
                 speak
                 Truth
                 only
                 to
                 publish
                 the
                 faults
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 freedom
                 which
                 looks
                 like
                 Advice
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 Reflection
                 ;
                 it
                 appears
                 Zeal
                 but
                 is
                 Malice
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 I
                 look
                 upon
                 as
                 not
                 less
                 pernicious
                 than
                 Flattery
                 it self
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 one
                 be
                 an
                 odious
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 a
                 false
                 kind
                 of
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 wisest
                 Princes
                 dread
                 freedom
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 neither
                 being
                 safe
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 extremes
                 of
                 both
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 avoided
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 observ'd
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 33
                 Yet
                 't
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 there
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 some
                 allowance
                 for
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 introduce
                 Truth
                 ;
                 for
                 not
                 to
                 flatter
                 in
                 somethings
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 accuse
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 corrupt
                 Government
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 as
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 fear'd
                 from
                 too
                 much
                 as
                 too
                 little
                 Flattery
                 34
                 .
                 The
                 State
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 desperate
                 condition
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 inhuman
                 and
                 barbarous
                 ,
                 if
                 neither
                 Truth
                 nor
                 Flattery
                 durst
                 approach
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 would
                 be
                 like
                 an
                 Adder
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 deaf
                 to
                 that
                 Flattery
                 which
                 would
                 persuade
                 him
                 to
                 what
                 is
                 glorious
                 and
                 honourable
                 35
                 .
                 With
                 such
                 as
                 these
                 God
                 threatned
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 Ierusalem
                 by
                 the
                 Prophet
                 
                   Ieremiah
                   ;
                   I
                   will
                   send
                   Serpents
                   among
                   you
                   ,
                   Cockatrices
                   which
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   charm'd
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   shall
                   bite
                   you
                
                 36
                 .
                 That
                 Mind
                 is
                 wild
                 and
                 savage
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 gentle
                 and
                 modest
                 Flattery
                 can't
                 sooth
                 into
                 good
                 Temper
                 ,
                 and
                 Compliance
                 with
                 its
                 wholsome
                 Advice
                 .
                 Truth
                 being
                 of
                 it self
                 something
                 bitter
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 sweeten
                 the
                 brim
                 of
                 the
                 Cup
                 ,
                 that
                 Princes
                 may
                 drink
                 with
                 more
                 pleasure
                 :
                 They
                 won't
                 hear
                 it
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 dry
                 ,
                 nay
                 are
                 often
                 worse
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 
                 The
                 more
                 
                 Tiberius's
                 Cruelty
                 was
                 exclaim'd
                 against
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 severe
                 and
                 bloody
                 he
                 grew
                 37
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 of
                 use
                 sometimes
                 to
                 commend
                 some
                 famous
                 actions
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 actually
                 done
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 thereby
                 prompted
                 to
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 execution
                 ;
                 or
                 to
                 be
                 extravagant
                 in
                 the
                 commendation
                 of
                 Valour
                 or
                 other
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 eager
                 to
                 follow
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 enflames
                 the
                 mind
                 more
                 to
                 honour
                 than
                 Flattery
                 .
                 
                   These
                   means
                
                 ,
                 says
                 
                   Tacitus
                   ,
                   the
                
                 Roman
                 
                   Senate
                   us'd
                   to
                
                 Nero
                 
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   his
                   Reign
                
                 38
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 of
                 very
                 ill
                 consequence
                 to
                 commend
                 Vices
                 under
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Vertues
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 is
                 encouraging
                 Princes
                 to
                 commit
                 greater
                 .
                 Nero
                 seeing
                 his
                 Severity
                 taken
                 for
                 Justice
                 ,
                 became
                 a
                 perfect
                 Tyrant
                 39
                 .
                 We
                 ill
                 consult
                 our
                 own
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 Fortunes
                 and
                 Lives
                 ,
                 in
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 extend
                 the
                 unjust
                 power
                 of
                 Princes
                 beyond
                 their
                 due
                 bounds
                 ,
                 by
                 administring
                 them
                 means
                 to
                 satisfie
                 their
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Lusts.
                 Scarce
                 any
                 Prince
                 would
                 be
                 bad
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 his
                 Ministers
                 Flatterers
                 .
                 They
                 gain
                 that
                 favour
                 by
                 publick
                 Mischief
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 can't
                 merit
                 by
                 their
                 Vertues
                 .
                 Prodigious
                 Villany
                 !
                 For
                 a
                 momentary
                 favour
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 often
                 disappointed
                 of
                 too
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 ruin'd
                 with
                 ,
                 to
                 betray
                 their
                 Country
                 and
                 promote
                 Tyranny
                 !
                 What
                 wonder
                 ,
                 if
                 God
                 chastises
                 Subjects
                 for
                 the
                 faults
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 while
                 Princes
                 act
                 all
                 by
                 their
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 teach
                 them
                 several
                 ways
                 of
                 burthening
                 their
                 Subjects
                 with
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 of
                 oppressing
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 and
                 turning
                 the
                 Government
                 into
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 by
                 violating
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 Laws
                 and
                 Customs
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 are
                 at
                 last
                 their
                 own
                 Executioners
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XLIX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 MANY
                 reasons
                 make
                 me
                 doubt
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 chance
                 of
                 birth
                 has
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 favour
                 or
                 hatred
                 of
                 Princes
                 ;
                 or
                 whether
                 our
                 Conduct
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 can
                 ,
                 without
                 ambition
                 and
                 peril
                 ,
                 find
                 a
                 secure
                 path
                 ,
                 between
                 a
                 froward
                 Obstinacy
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 despicable
                 Slavery
                 .
                 There
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 certain
                 occult
                 force
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 compell
                 ,
                 does
                 at
                 least
                 move
                 our
                 Will
                 ,
                 and
                 incline
                 it
                 to
                 one
                 more
                 than
                 another
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 in
                 the
                 Senses
                 and
                 natural
                 Appetites
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Sympathy
                 and
                 Antipathy
                 to
                 things
                 ,
                 why
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Affections
                 and
                 Passions
                 ?
                 They
                 may
                 perhaps
                 ,
                 have
                 more
                 power
                 and
                 force
                 over
                 the
                 Appetite
                 than
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 is
                 more
                 a
                 Rebell
                 to
                 Free-Will
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 can't
                 be
                 deny'd
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 inclination
                 too
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 force
                 ,
                 being
                 generally
                 attended
                 by
                 reason
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 Art
                 and
                 Prudence
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 adapt
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 humour
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 We
                 see
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 as
                 well
                 animate
                 as
                 inanimate
                 ,
                 a
                 secret
                 Correspondence
                 and
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 whose
                 chains
                 are
                 easier
                 broken
                 than
                 parted
                 .
                 Neither
                 the
                 injuries
                 nor
                 adversities
                 which
                 King
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 suffer'd
                 for
                 his
                 affection
                 to
                 
                   Alvarez
                   de
                   Luna
                
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 apparent
                 danger
                 of
                 the
                 latter
                 ,
                 could
                 dissolve
                 that
                 firm
                 bond
                 of
                 Friendship
                 with
                 which
                 their
                 Souls
                 were
                 united
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 this
                 inclination
                 be
                 not
                 natural
                 ,
                 yet
                 gratitude
                 for
                 past
                 Services
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 extraordinary
                 merits
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 usually
                 produce
                 it
                 .
                 Vertue
                 is
                 of
                 it self
                 amiable
                 ,
                 and
                 gratefull
                 to
                 the
                 Will.
                 'T
                 would
                 be
                 barbarous
                 to
                 oblige
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 balance
                 his
                 affections
                 with
                 indifferency
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 heart
                 by
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Hands
                 :
                 what
                 stanch
                 severity
                 can
                 always
                 resist
                 the
                 charms
                 of
                 favour
                 ?
                 How
                 reserv'd
                 was
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 ?
                 Yet
                 had
                 he
                 not
                 one
                 but
                 many
                 particular
                 Favourites
                 .
                 God
                 himself
                 had
                 some
                 whom
                 he
                 peculiarly
                 favour'd
                 ,
                 giving
                 them
                 power
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Moon
                 1
                 ;
                 The
                 Lord
                 obeying
                 the
                 voice
                 of
                 man
                 2
                 .
                 And
                 why
                 (
                 as
                 King
                 Peter
                 observ'd
                 )
                 is
                 particular
                 Friendship
                 allow'd
                 to
                 private
                 persons
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 Princes
                 ?
                 Many
                 are
                 the
                 troubles
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 to
                 alleviate
                 which
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 necessary
                 to
                 have
                 some
                 one
                 near
                 you
                 in
                 whom
                 you
                 can
                 put
                 a
                 more
                 particular
                 Confidence
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 difficulties
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 surmounted
                 by
                 one
                 .
                 The
                 burthen
                 of
                 a
                 Crown
                 is
                 too
                 weighty
                 and
                 cumbersome
                 for
                 one
                 to
                 bear
                 ,
                 the
                 strongest
                 yield
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 as
                 Iob
                 says
                 ,
                 bend
                 under
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 though
                 God
                 was
                 assistant
                 to
                 Moses
                 ,
                 and
                 supply'd
                 him
                 with
                 ability
                 and
                 instructions
                 to
                 administer
                 his
                 Office
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 commanded
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 elders
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 his
                 people
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 help
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 burthen
                 3
                 .
                 And
                 Ieth●o
                 his
                 Father-in-Law
                 ,
                 thought
                 the
                 burthen
                 greater
                 than
                 he
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 4
                 .
                 Alexander
                 took
                 Parmeno
                 to
                 his
                 assistance
                 ;
                 
                 
                   David
                   ,
                   Joab
                   ;
                   Solomon
                   ,
                   Zadock
                   ;
                   Darius
                   ,
                   Daniel
                
                 ;
                 by
                 whose
                 directions
                 they
                 succeeded
                 in
                 their
                 affairs
                 .
                 No
                 Prince
                 is
                 so
                 prudent
                 and
                 discreet
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 himself
                 to
                 know
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 carefull
                 and
                 diligent
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 manage
                 all
                 affairs
                 alone
                 .
                 Which
                 natural
                 impotency
                 oblig'd
                 Princes
                 to
                 erect
                 Courts
                 and
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 create
                 Presidents
                 ,
                 Governours
                 ,
                 and
                 Viceroys
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 the
                 power
                 and
                 authority
                 of
                 Princes
                 might
                 reside
                 .
                 
                   For
                   alone
                
                 (
                 says
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 )
                 
                   they
                   can't
                   penetrate
                   and
                   examin
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   but
                   have
                   need
                   of
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   others
                   ,
                   in
                   whom
                   they
                   can
                   confide
                   ,
                   who
                   should
                   use
                   the
                   power
                   which
                   they
                   receive
                   in
                   performing
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   Princes
                   can't
                   do
                   themselves
                
                 †
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 Princes
                 use
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 Ministers
                 abroad
                 ,
                 why
                 should
                 he
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 more
                 private
                 affairs
                 of
                 his
                 Cabinet
                 ?
                 'T
                 is
                 necessary
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 some
                 one
                 near
                 him
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 may
                 deliberate
                 with
                 about
                 the
                 Advice
                 and
                 Counsel
                 which
                 is
                 given
                 him
                 .
                 That
                 he
                 may
                 with
                 him
                 compare
                 his
                 own
                 Scruples
                 and
                 Propositions
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 by
                 him
                 instructed
                 .
                 Whom
                 ,
                 in
                 fine
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 safely
                 trust
                 to
                 expedite
                 and
                 execute
                 Affairs
                 5
                 .
                 Would
                 it
                 not
                 be
                 worse
                 ,
                 if
                 embarrass'd
                 with
                 such
                 weighty
                 cares
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 communicate
                 himself
                 to
                 none
                 ?
                 Besides
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 have
                 some
                 assistant
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 disengag'd
                 from
                 all
                 other
                 business
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 as
                 a
                 Mediator
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 people
                 :
                 Otherwise
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 ▪
                 impossible
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 hear
                 and
                 satisfie
                 all
                 ,
                 nor
                 would
                 it
                 suit
                 with
                 his
                 Majesty
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Israelites
                 besought
                 Moses
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 speak
                 to
                 God
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 themselves
                 were
                 afraid
                 of
                 his
                 Presence
                 6
                 .
                 And
                 Absalom
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 render
                 David
                 odious
                 to
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 urg'd
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 Ministers
                 about
                 him
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 complaints
                 of
                 the
                 distressed
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Prudence
                 of
                 a
                 Favourite
                 may
                 with
                 ease
                 rectifie
                 the
                 defects
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 inclinations
                 of
                 Princes
                 
                 8
                 .
                 Agricola
                 by
                 his
                 prudent
                 address
                 ,
                 reclaim'd
                 Domitian
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 Sejanus
                 was
                 bad
                 ,
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 worse
                 ,
                 when
                 without
                 him
                 he
                 follow'd
                 his
                 own
                 inclinations
                 9
                 .
                 And
                 truly
                 by
                 such
                 Favourites
                 God-often
                 saves
                 a
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 Syria
                 by
                 Naaman
                 ,
                 and
                 Aegypt
                 by
                 Ioseph
                 10
                 .
                 Since
                 then
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 that
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 Government
                 should
                 be
                 divided
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 natural
                 in
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 such
                 an
                 assistant
                 to
                 be
                 guided
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 by
                 inclination
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 secret
                 Sympathy
                 in
                 the
                 persons
                 of
                 each
                 ;
                 which
                 choice
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 founded
                 upon
                 desert
                 ,
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 ways
                 dangerous
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 requisite
                 that
                 the
                 humour
                 of
                 the
                 party
                 whom
                 the
                 Prince
                 takes
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 chosen
                 to
                 him
                 The
                 question
                 is
                 .
                 Whether
                 one
                 or
                 many
                 should
                 be
                 chosen
                 to
                 this
                 Office
                 ;
                 if
                 many
                 equally
                 favour'd
                 and
                 respected
                 ,
                 Emulation
                 will
                 arise
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Counsels
                 will
                 thwart
                 one
                 another
                 to
                 the
                 detriment
                 of
                 the
                 State.
                 So
                 that
                 it
                 seems
                 more
                 agreeable
                 to
                 natural
                 order
                 ,
                 that
                 affairs
                 should
                 be
                 committed
                 to
                 one
                 alone
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 supervise
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 whom
                 affairs
                 should
                 come
                 digested
                 and
                 methodized
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 only
                 substitute
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 cares
                 and
                 trouble
                 ,
                 not
                 his
                 power
                 and
                 authority
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Counsels
                 not
                 his
                 Rewards
                 .
                 The
                 Sun
                 alone
                 imparts
                 Light
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 world
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 sets
                 ,
                 he
                 leaves
                 not
                 many
                 but
                 only
                 one
                 Vicegerent
                 ,
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Lustre
                 much
                 greater
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Stars
                 ,
                 who
                 seem
                 but
                 as
                 so
                 many
                 inferiour
                 Ministers
                 to
                 assist
                 her
                 .
                 Yet
                 neither
                 this
                 nor
                 those
                 shine
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 but
                 borrow'd
                 Light
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Earth
                 acknowledges
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 the
                 Sun.
                 Nor
                 does
                 this
                 favour
                 misbecome
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Prince
                 devolves
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 burden
                 of
                 Affairs
                 upon
                 his
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 sovereign
                 power
                 and
                 authority
                 to
                 himself
                 :
                 for
                 this
                 is
                 not
                 favour
                 but
                 imployment
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 an
                 obligation
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 communication
                 of
                 trouble
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 this
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 envied
                 ,
                 if
                 Princes
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 prudent
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 another
                 
                 name
                 ;
                 as
                 President
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 or
                 Chancellour
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 call'd
                 Praefecti
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 incurr'd
                 no
                 Envy
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 second
                 Caesars
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 felicity
                 of
                 Subjects
                 consists
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Prince's
                 being
                 like
                 a
                 loadstone
                 ,
                 attractive
                 of
                 Iron
                 and
                 not
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 his
                 knowledge
                 in
                 chusing
                 such
                 a
                 Minister
                 as
                 will
                 attribute
                 whatever
                 is
                 great
                 and
                 commendable
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 take
                 all
                 the
                 Reflections
                 and
                 Odium
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 upon
                 himself
                 ;
                 one
                 whose
                 mind
                 is
                 wholly
                 bent
                 upon
                 the
                 publick
                 good
                 ;
                 who
                 manages
                 affairs
                 without
                 Ambition
                 ;
                 hears
                 without
                 Disdain
                 and
                 debates
                 without
                 Passion
                 ;
                 whose
                 Resolves
                 and
                 Determinations
                 have
                 no
                 respect
                 to
                 self-interest
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 whose
                 whole
                 aim
                 is
                 the
                 service
                 and
                 advantage
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 not
                 himself
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 his
                 Master's
                 favour
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 rule
                 one
                 may
                 know
                 whether
                 this
                 Familiarity
                 proceed
                 from
                 pure
                 Zeal
                 or
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 Princes
                 ought
                 to
                 take
                 great
                 care
                 in
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Minister
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 byass'd
                 by
                 Affection
                 or
                 fansifull
                 Inclination
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 rare
                 and
                 excellent
                 Qualifications
                 and
                 Merits
                 ,
                 for
                 sometimes
                 such
                 Friendship
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 result
                 of
                 deliberation
                 but
                 accident
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 favour
                 but
                 diligence
                 :
                 Courts
                 usually
                 erect
                 and
                 adore
                 some
                 Idol
                 which
                 they
                 deify
                 ,
                 and
                 treat
                 with
                 Royal
                 Splendor
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 ;
                 they
                 worship
                 it
                 upon
                 their
                 Knees
                 ,
                 burn
                 Tapers
                 ,
                 and
                 offer
                 Incense
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 imploring
                 its
                 assistance
                 with
                 Prayers
                 and
                 Vows
                 11
                 .
                 As
                 industry
                 can
                 change
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 and
                 turn
                 them
                 another
                 way
                 ;
                 so
                 it
                 often
                 happens
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 business
                 at
                 Court
                 ,
                 not
                 regarding
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 the
                 true
                 channel
                 of
                 aff●irs
                 ,
                 apply
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 whose
                 arts
                 do
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 ,
                 so
                 secure
                 the
                 Prince's
                 favour
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 can
                 never
                 disengage
                 himself
                 from
                 it
                 .
                 No
                 Prince
                 was
                 more
                 cautious
                 ,
                 none
                 more
                 free
                 than
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 he
                 subject
                 to
                 his
                 Favourite
                 Sejanus
                 12
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 case
                 't
                 is
                 difficult
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 whether
                 such
                 favour
                 be
                 human
                 choice
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 superiour
                 power
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 greater
                 good
                 or
                 
                 ill
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 :
                 The
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 says
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 particular
                 judgment
                 of
                 God
                 13
                 .
                 Tacitus
                 attributes
                 the
                 favour
                 and
                 fall
                 of
                 Sejanus
                 to
                 the
                 anger
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 14
                 .
                 A
                 misfortune
                 scarce
                 avoidable
                 ,
                 when
                 this
                 favour
                 falls
                 upon
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 great
                 quality
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 usually
                 does
                 in
                 Courts
                 where
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 are
                 Ministers
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 once
                 possess'd
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 will
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 preheminence
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 and
                 Grandure
                 of
                 his
                 Family
                 endeavour
                 what
                 he
                 can
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 he
                 easily
                 suffer
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 supplanted
                 by
                 any
                 one
                 :
                 As
                 was
                 seen
                 in
                 
                   Iohn
                   Alphonso
                   Robles
                
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 King
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 †
                 .
                 The
                 heart
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 never
                 safe
                 in
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 a
                 Subject
                 ,
                 whose
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Authority
                 make
                 him
                 too
                 much
                 respected
                 by
                 others
                 .
                 Though
                 this
                 inconveniency
                 is
                 lessen'd
                 ,
                 when
                 this
                 favour
                 falls
                 upon
                 some
                 great
                 man
                 who
                 is
                 truly
                 zealous
                 and
                 intent
                 upon
                 his
                 Prince's
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 honour
                 and
                 welfare
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 for
                 then
                 the
                 people's
                 Envy
                 and
                 Odium
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 orders
                 which
                 are
                 dispatch'd
                 through
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 readily
                 observ'd
                 ;
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 always
                 highly
                 necessary
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 could
                 balance
                 his
                 favour
                 between
                 his
                 own
                 Authority
                 and
                 the
                 Merits
                 of
                 his
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 to
                 commit
                 only
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 administration
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 cannot
                 manage
                 himself
                 ;
                 for
                 should
                 he
                 commit
                 it
                 wholly
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 experience
                 the
                 same
                 misfortunes
                 with
                 King
                 Ahasuerus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 entrusted
                 Hamon
                 with
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 his
                 people
                 15
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 give
                 by
                 another's
                 hand
                 what
                 he
                 can
                 dispose
                 of
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 ;
                 nor
                 borrow
                 others
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 can
                 see
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 what
                 is
                 done
                 in
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 and
                 Counc●ls
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 afterwards
                 consult
                 the
                 Presidents
                 and
                 Secretaries
                 ,
                 from
                 whose
                 relations
                 he
                 may
                 receive
                 a
                 just
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 affairs
                 therein
                 transacted
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Resolutions
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 concise
                 and
                 ready
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 confers
                 with
                 those
                 by
                 whom
                 the
                 aff●irs
                 ●ave
                 been
                 managed
                 .
                 This
                 method
                 the
                 Popes
                 and
                 Emper●●●se
                 ,
                 as
                 did
                 also
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 
                 Spain
                 ●ill
                 
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 an
                 excellent
                 Pen-man
                 ,
                 introduc'd
                 the
                 custom
                 of
                 taking
                 debates
                 and
                 consultations
                 in
                 writing
                 ,
                 which
                 afterwards
                 prevailing
                 ,
                 gave
                 rise
                 to
                 private
                 favour
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Kings
                 being
                 embrass'd
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 writings
                 were
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 communicate
                 them
                 to
                 some
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 a
                 Favourite
                 .
                 On
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 let
                 a
                 Prince
                 bestow
                 more
                 peculiar
                 marks
                 of
                 favour
                 and
                 benevolence
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 who
                 merits
                 his
                 favour
                 and
                 shares
                 his
                 trouble
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 Pre-eminence
                 above
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 shadow
                 of
                 St.
                 Peter
                 worked
                 Miracles
                 16
                 .
                 What
                 wonder
                 then
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 but
                 his
                 shadow
                 ,
                 acts
                 with
                 more
                 Authority
                 than
                 others
                 ?
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 some
                 favours
                 should
                 be
                 reserv'd
                 for
                 others
                 ;
                 nor
                 should
                 those
                 other
                 be
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 exceed
                 the
                 condition
                 of
                 a
                 Subject
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 him
                 equal
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 Court
                 made
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 Co-partner
                 in
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 whole
                 body
                 of
                 affairs
                 after
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 derogates
                 much
                 from
                 the
                 Authority
                 and
                 Esteem
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 A
                 Favourite
                 should
                 act
                 as
                 the
                 shadow
                 not
                 the
                 Substance
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 in
                 times
                 past
                 ,
                 had
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 run●
                 great
                 Risques
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 being
                 then
                 not
                 so
                 large
                 ,
                 how
                 little
                 soever
                 they
                 granted
                 ,
                 it
                 endanger'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 befell
                 King
                 Sancho
                 the
                 Strong
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 favour
                 to
                 
                   Lopez
                   de
                   Hara
                
                 ;
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Eleventh
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 to
                 Count
                 
                   Alvaro
                   Osorio
                
                 ;
                 King
                 Iohn
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 and
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 for
                 theirs
                 to
                 
                   Alvaro
                   de
                   Luna
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Iohn
                   Pacheco
                
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 point
                 of
                 Favouritism
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 Prince's
                 knowing
                 how
                 much
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 allow
                 his
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 how
                 much
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 receive
                 from
                 his
                 Prince
                 .
                 Whatever
                 exceeds
                 this
                 rule
                 ,
                 creates
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 shall
                 mention
                 anon
                 )
                 Jealousie
                 ,
                 Envy
                 and
                 Danger
                 17
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 L.
                 
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Mountain
                 looks
                 down
                 with
                 disdain
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 works
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 proudly
                 rises
                 above
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 communication
                 with
                 the
                 Skies
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 the
                 Vallies
                 envy
                 it
                 this
                 Glory
                 ,
                 for
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 nearer
                 the
                 favours
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 also
                 more
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 strokes
                 of
                 its
                 .
                 Thunder
                 too
                 .
                 About
                 its
                 head
                 Clouds
                 gather
                 ,
                 and
                 Storms
                 prepare
                 their
                 rage
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 it
                 they
                 first
                 exert
                 it
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 Offices
                 and
                 Imployments
                 more
                 immediately
                 under
                 Princes
                 .
                 The
                 Activity
                 of
                 their
                 power
                 is
                 most
                 offensive
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 nearest
                 it
                 .
                 Their
                 Conversation
                 is
                 as
                 venomous
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Viper
                 1
                 .
                 Whoever
                 walks
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 walks
                 among
                 Snares
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 his
                 offended
                 Enemies
                 2
                 .
                 The
                 favour
                 and
                 disdain
                 of
                 Princes
                 are
                 so
                 immediate
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 nothing
                 intervenes
                 .
                 Their
                 Love
                 knows
                 no
                 Moderation
                 ;
                 when
                 turn'd
                 to
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 it
                 leaps
                 from
                 one
                 extreme
                 to
                 th'
                 other
                 ,
                 from
                 Fire
                 to
                 Frost
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 instant
                 sees
                 them
                 love
                 and
                 hate
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 which
                 while
                 the
                 noise
                 is
                 heard
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 flash
                 seen
                 ,
                 reduces
                 the
                 bodies
                 to
                 Ashes
                 .
                 The
                 favour
                 of
                 Princes
                 is
                 like
                 flame
                 ,
                 extinguish'd
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 ease
                 't
                 was
                 lighted
                 .
                 Nay
                 some
                 have
                 thought
                 it
                 absolutely
                 fatal
                 to
                 those
                 on
                 whom
                 it
                 falls
                 3
                 .
                 And
                 many
                 examples
                 as
                 well
                 past
                 as
                 present
                 ,
                 are
                 sufficient
                 evidences
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 we
                 have
                 fresh
                 instances
                 of
                 the
                 sudden
                 falls
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 exalted
                 Favourites
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 of
                 Lerma
                 in
                 Spain
                 ;
                 the
                 Marshal
                 
                   D'
                   Ancre
                
                 in
                 France
                 ;
                 The
                 Duke
                 of
                 Buckingham
                 in
                 
                   England
                   ;
                   John
                   Olden
                   Barnvelt
                
                 in
                 Holland
                 ;
                 Cardinal
                 Clesel
                 in
                 Germany
                 ;
                 at
                 Rome
                 Cardinal
                 Nazaret
                 ;
                 yet
                 may
                 this
                 be
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 divers
                 causes
                 ,
                 either
                 because
                 the
                 Prince
                 having
                 given
                 all
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Favourite
                 obtain'd
                 all
                 he
                 desir'd
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 mounted
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 step
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 descend
                 4
                 .
                 But
                 suppose
                 there
                 be
                 moderation
                 in
                 the
                 favours
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ambition
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 yet
                 what
                 constancy
                 can
                 there
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 more
                 vehement
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 more
                 subject
                 to
                 variety
                 and
                 contradiction
                 ?
                 who
                 can
                 fix
                 the
                 affections
                 of
                 him
                 whose
                 Senses
                 see
                 double
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 like
                 the
                 first
                 matter
                 ,
                 not
                 resting
                 in
                 one
                 form
                 ,
                 but
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 variety
                 .
                 Who
                 can
                 preserve
                 that
                 favour
                 which
                 is
                 liable
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 chances
                 and
                 turns
                 of
                 Humour
                 ?
                 Who
                 can
                 behave
                 himself
                 with
                 so
                 nice
                 integrity
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 Prince's
                 good
                 opinion
                 of
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 people
                 ?
                 The
                 Eyes
                 of
                 all
                 are
                 upon
                 the
                 Favourite
                 .
                 The
                 Prince's
                 Friends
                 think
                 him
                 an
                 Usurper
                 of
                 their
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 his
                 Enemies
                 that
                 he
                 incenses
                 the
                 Prince
                 farther
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 These
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 duty
                 ,
                 must
                 make
                 the
                 disgrace
                 of
                 the
                 Favourite
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 conditions
                 ;
                 those
                 if
                 they
                 forsake
                 it
                 ,
                 lay
                 all
                 the
                 blame
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Envy
                 are
                 always
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 intent
                 upon
                 every
                 occasion
                 to
                 ruin
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 people
                 are
                 so
                 imbitter'd
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 impute
                 
                 even
                 natural
                 misfortunes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Vices
                 ,
                 all
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 
                   Bernardo
                   de
                   Cabrera
                
                 lost
                 his
                 head
                 for
                 the
                 Tyrannies
                 of
                 mPeter
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 whose
                 Favourite
                 he
                 was
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 that
                 a
                 person
                 endeavours
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 he
                 incurs
                 the
                 Odium
                 of
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 truly
                 said
                 by
                 that
                 great
                 Man
                 ,
                 
                   Alphonso
                   de
                   Albuquerque
                
                 ,
                 Governour
                 of
                 the
                 E●st-Indies
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Minister
                 in
                 obliging
                 his
                 Prince
                 ,
                 offended
                 the
                 People
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 endeavour
                 to
                 gratifie
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 disobliges
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 this
                 favour
                 be
                 only
                 founded
                 upon
                 exteriour
                 Adoration
                 ,
                 fomented
                 by
                 Court-Artifices
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 violent
                 and
                 momentary
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 will
                 endeavour
                 to
                 free
                 himself
                 from
                 this
                 impos'd
                 involuntary
                 Slavery
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 it
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 natural
                 propensity
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 subject
                 to
                 second
                 Causes
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 effac'd
                 by
                 time
                 or
                 the
                 ingratitude
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 forgets
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 took
                 his
                 rise
                 5
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 a
                 person's
                 Mein
                 and
                 Carriage
                 do
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 ravish
                 the
                 Prince's
                 favour
                 ,
                 it
                 either
                 soon
                 fades
                 ,
                 or
                 is
                 only
                 superficial
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 common
                 Friendship
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 from
                 some
                 qualifications
                 of
                 Mind
                 greater
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 when-ever
                 he
                 knows
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 his
                 ●avour
                 ,
                 for
                 none
                 can
                 endure
                 in
                 another
                 Pre-eminency
                 in
                 〈◊〉
                 Valour
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 usually
                 esteem'd
                 above
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 from
                 assiduity
                 and
                 care
                 in
                 business
                 ,
                 diligence
                 is
                 not
                 less
                 dangerous
                 than
                 negligence
                 ;
                 for
                 success
                 does
                 not
                 always
                 correspond
                 to
                 means
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 diversity
                 of
                 accidents
                 ;
                 and
                 Princes
                 will
                 be
                 disappointed
                 in
                 nothing
                 that
                 they
                 wish
                 and
                 desire
                 .
                 Success
                 is
                 attributed
                 to
                 chance
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 the
                 fortune
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 prudence
                 of
                 the
                 Favourite
                 6
                 ,
                 but
                 misca●●iages
                 to
                 him
                 alone
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 fault
                 be
                 anothers
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 are
                 willing
                 to
                 father
                 Success
                 ,
                 but
                 Misfortunes
                 are
                 laid
                 at
                 ●nother's
                 door
                 7
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 Favourite
                 .
                 Even
                 Casualties
                 are
                 imputed
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 falling
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Amphitheatre
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 burning
                 of
                 Mount
                 Caelius
                 were
                 to
                 Sejanus
                 8
                 .
                 Nor
                 do
                 they
                 only
                 accuse
                 him
                 in
                 affairs
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 management
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 those
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 those
                 accidents
                 that
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Will
                 and
                 Nature
                 .
                 Thus
                 Seneca
                 was
                 blam'd
                 for
                 that
                 Nero
                 would
                 have
                 drown'd
                 his
                 Mother
                 9
                 .
                 Men
                 cannot
                 imagin
                 a
                 wickedness
                 so
                 strange
                 as
                 was
                 not
                 believ'd
                 of
                 Sejanus
                 10
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 natural
                 death
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Minister
                 or
                 Relation
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 immediately
                 reflected
                 upon
                 the
                 Favourite
                 .
                 As
                 was
                 that
                 of
                 Prince
                 
                   Philip
                   Emanuel
                
                 ,
                 Son
                 to
                 Charles
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Lerma
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 this
                 favour
                 proceeds
                 from
                 Obligation
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 signal
                 Services
                 perform'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 will
                 by
                 degrees
                 grow
                 weary
                 of
                 the
                 burthen
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Love
                 will
                 turn
                 into
                 Hate
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 looks
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Creditor
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 unable
                 to
                 pay
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 seeks
                 pretences
                 to
                 break
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 strike
                 off
                 the
                 Debt
                 11
                 .
                 Acknowledgment
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Slavery
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 who
                 obliges
                 another
                 ,
                 makes
                 himself
                 his
                 superiour
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 inconsistent
                 with
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 whose
                 power
                 is
                 diminished
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 greater
                 than
                 the
                 obligation
                 :
                 and
                 Princes
                 being
                 oppress'd
                 with
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 Gratitude
                 and
                 Obligation
                 ,
                 become
                 notoriously
                 ungratefull
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 discharge
                 themselves
                 from
                 them
                 12
                 .
                 The
                 Emperour
                 Adrian
                 put
                 Titian
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 his
                 Tutor
                 from
                 a
                 Boy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 ow'd
                 his
                 Empire
                 :
                 Not
                 to
                 mention
                 that
                 the
                 fatigues
                 of
                 many
                 years
                 are
                 effac'd
                 by
                 one
                 oversight
                 ;
                 Princes
                 being
                 more
                 apt
                 to
                 punish
                 a
                 slight
                 offence
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 reward
                 signal
                 Services
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 are
                 honourable
                 ,
                 they
                 create
                 Emulation
                 and
                 Envy
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 ,
                 for
                 whose
                 Service
                 
                 they
                 are
                 perform'd
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 are
                 more
                 angry
                 with
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 serv'd
                 them
                 successfully
                 and
                 gloriously
                 ,
                 than
                 with
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 been
                 more
                 remiss
                 and
                 less
                 successfull
                 ,
                 of
                 this
                 humour
                 was
                 Philip
                 of
                 Macedon
                 13
                 ;
                 a
                 Vice
                 which
                 his
                 Son
                 Alexander
                 inherited
                 14
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 visible
                 in
                 Iames
                 the
                 First
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 
                   Don
                   Blasco
                   de
                   Alagon
                
                 had
                 taken
                 Morella
                 ,
                 he
                 thought
                 he
                 had
                 gotten
                 more
                 Glory
                 than
                 he
                 in
                 that
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 took
                 from
                 him
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 in
                 exchange
                 that
                 of
                 Sagasto
                 .
                 The
                 Victories
                 of
                 Agricola
                 made
                 Domitian
                 jealous
                 ,
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 fame
                 of
                 a
                 private
                 man
                 exceeded
                 his
                 15
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 glorious
                 and
                 successfull
                 Exploits
                 there
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 danger
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 favour
                 springs
                 from
                 the
                 prompt
                 obedience
                 of
                 the
                 Favourite
                 to
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 the
                 Government
                 incur
                 the
                 above
                 mention'd
                 inconveniencies
                 of
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 and
                 soon
                 ruins
                 both
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 Favourite
                 ;
                 Obedience
                 is
                 as
                 dangerous
                 as
                 disobedience
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 the
                 command
                 succeeds
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Favourite
                 .
                 If
                 this
                 command
                 be
                 not
                 obey'd
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 then
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 it
                 succeeded
                 not
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 unjust
                 ,
                 he
                 dares
                 not
                 make
                 that
                 his
                 excuse
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 offend
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 obey
                 ,
                 the
                 ●ault
                 is
                 all
                 laid
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 mayn't
                 seem
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 the
                 mischief
                 ,
                 permits
                 him
                 to
                 suffer
                 either
                 in
                 the
                 opinion
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Judge
                 .
                 Thus
                 Tiberius
                 serv'd
                 Piso
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 his
                 command
                 poison'd
                 Germanicus
                 ,
                 whose
                 cause
                 he
                 referr'd
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 16
                 ;
                 and
                 coming
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 he
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 knew
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 leaving
                 him
                 confounded
                 to
                 see
                 him
                 so
                 unconcern'd
                 and
                 reserv'd
                 ,
                 without
                 either
                 pity
                 or
                 anger
                 17
                 .
              
               
               
                 If
                 this
                 favour
                 falls
                 upon
                 a
                 man
                 of
                 small
                 Qualifications
                 and
                 Merit
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 sink
                 under
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 affairs
                 ;
                 for
                 without
                 a
                 brave
                 and
                 vigorous
                 mind
                 ,
                 without
                 a
                 quick
                 and
                 piercing
                 Wit
                 ,
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 Princes
                 cannot
                 be
                 long
                 maintain'd
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 it
                 proceeds
                 from
                 a
                 resemblance
                 and
                 conformity
                 of
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Prince
                 bids
                 adieu
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 will
                 hate
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 who
                 accuses
                 his
                 change
                 18
                 ,
                 and
                 whom
                 he
                 can't
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 prosecution
                 of
                 his
                 Vices
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 a
                 Prince
                 loves
                 a
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 him
                 as
                 an
                 instrument
                 to
                 execute
                 his
                 vicious
                 designs
                 and
                 inclinations
                 with
                 ;
                 what-ever
                 ills
                 do
                 thence
                 arise
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Person
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 all
                 fall
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 with
                 ease
                 clears
                 himself
                 by
                 disgracing
                 him
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 hates
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 witness
                 of
                 his
                 Vices
                 ,
                 whose
                 presence
                 does
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 upbraid
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 crimes
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 Nero
                 disgrac'd
                 Anicetus
                 the
                 Murtherer
                 of
                 Agrippina
                 19
                 ;
                 so
                 Tiberius
                 discharg'd
                 those
                 Ministers
                 who
                 had
                 assisted
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 others
                 20
                 .
                 The
                 Odium
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 him
                 who
                 commands
                 it
                 ,
                 end
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 execution
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 thinks
                 he
                 sufficiently
                 clears
                 himself
                 in
                 punishing
                 the
                 crime
                 ,
                 as
                 Plancina
                 found
                 21
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 this
                 favour
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 communication
                 of
                 important
                 Secrets
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 Vipers
                 in
                 the
                 breast
                 of
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 which
                 gnaw
                 his
                 Entrails
                 till
                 they
                 eat
                 their
                 way
                 out
                 ,
                 for
                 either
                 levity
                 or
                 ambition
                 of
                 seeming
                 a
                 man
                 in
                 favour
                 ,
                 reveals
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 they
                 are
                 discover'd
                 by
                 another
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 discourse
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 equally
                 pernicious
                 to
                 the
                 Favourite
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 this
                 should
                 not
                 happen
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 will
                 be
                 willing
                 to
                 free
                 himself
                 from
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 having
                 entrusted
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 tearing
                 open
                 the
                 bag
                 in
                 
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 hid
                 :
                 as
                 many
                 Secrets
                 so
                 many
                 dangers
                 22
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 danger
                 less
                 ,
                 if
                 this
                 favour
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 Favourites
                 being
                 conscious
                 of
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Cowardice
                 and
                 Baseness
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 favour
                 is
                 rather
                 fear
                 than
                 inclination
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 a
                 Prince
                 indure
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 honour
                 should
                 depend
                 upon
                 another's
                 silence
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 one
                 who
                 inwardly
                 should
                 despise
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 this
                 favour
                 be
                 but
                 small
                 ,
                 it
                 can't
                 resist
                 the
                 fury
                 of
                 Envy
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 blown
                 down
                 by
                 every
                 blast
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 tree
                 not
                 firmly
                 rooted
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 great
                 ,
                 it
                 creates
                 Envy
                 and
                 Fear
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 makes
                 him
                 carefull
                 to
                 free
                 himself
                 from
                 it
                 ;
                 as
                 when
                 we
                 have
                 pil'd
                 Stones
                 upon
                 Stones
                 ,
                 we
                 at
                 last
                 fear
                 lest
                 the
                 heap
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 should
                 fall
                 upon
                 our
                 own
                 heads
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 push
                 them
                 over
                 th'
                 other
                 way
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 sees
                 the
                 Statue
                 which
                 he
                 erected
                 shades
                 his
                 own
                 Grandure
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 pulls
                 it
                 down
                 again
                 .
                 I
                 may
                 venture
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Princes
                 seem
                 to
                 delight
                 to
                 shew
                 their
                 power
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 pulling
                 down
                 those
                 images
                 as
                 in
                 erecting
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 power
                 being
                 limited
                 ,
                 can't
                 seem
                 immense
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 center
                 from
                 which
                 it
                 proceeded
                 ,
                 or
                 keep
                 in
                 a
                 circle
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 rocks
                 against
                 which
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 ship
                 of
                 favour
                 strike
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 lost
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 surer
                 ,
                 by
                 how
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 sail
                 it
                 makes
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 scape
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 either
                 because
                 it
                 recover'd
                 port
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 it
                 ran
                 first
                 upon
                 the
                 shore
                 of
                 Eternity
                 .
                 Is
                 there
                 then
                 any
                 Pilot
                 so
                 skilfull
                 as
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 helm
                 of
                 favour
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 sail
                 in
                 so
                 very
                 dangerous
                 a
                 Gulf
                 ?
                 What
                 prudence
                 ,
                 what
                 art
                 can
                 save
                 him
                 ?
                 What
                 Chymist
                 can
                 fix
                 this
                 Mercury
                 of
                 Princes
                 Affections
                 ?
                 especially
                 ,
                 when
                 favour
                 founded
                 upon
                 eminent
                 merit
                 can't
                 resist
                 Envy
                 and
                 the
                 Machinations
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 as
                 conspire
                 its
                 ruin
                 .
                 Neither
                 the
                 Kings
                 Darius
                 nor
                 Achis
                 could
                 defend
                 their
                 favour
                 to
                 Daniel
                 and
                 David
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 hatred
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 and
                 Guards
                 23
                 ;
                 but
                 were
                 forc'd
                 for
                 their
                 satisfaction
                 ,
                 to
                 banish
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 throw
                 the
                 other
                 into
                 a
                 Den
                 of
                 Lions
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 well
                 assured
                 of
                 their
                 Integrity
                 
                 and
                 Innocence
                 24
                 .
                 Though
                 no
                 prudence
                 nor
                 attention
                 be
                 sufficent
                 to
                 prevent
                 those
                 accidents
                 which
                 depend
                 not
                 upon
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 yet
                 may
                 he
                 do
                 much
                 in
                 things
                 which
                 depend
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 least
                 will
                 be
                 unblameable
                 if
                 he
                 fall
                 into
                 disgrace
                 .
                 Which
                 consideration
                 oblig'd
                 me
                 here
                 to
                 mark
                 out
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 usual
                 causes
                 of
                 his
                 ruin
                 ,
                 arising
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 imprudence
                 and
                 the
                 malice
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 forewarn'd
                 he
                 may
                 avoid
                 them
                 .
                 If
                 we
                 would
                 attentively
                 consider
                 the
                 Maxims
                 and
                 Actions
                 of
                 former
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 of
                 Sejanus
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 ,
                 that
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 fell
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 continue
                 those
                 good
                 methods
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 at
                 first
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 Prince's
                 savour
                 .
                 All
                 to
                 merit
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 gain
                 the
                 applause
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 enter
                 into
                 favour
                 zealous
                 ,
                 humble
                 ,
                 courteous
                 ,
                 and
                 officious
                 ,
                 giving
                 counsel
                 for
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 his
                 Grandure
                 ,
                 the
                 method
                 by
                 which
                 Sejanus
                 ingratiated
                 himself
                 25
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 once
                 masters
                 of
                 this
                 favour
                 ,
                 they
                 loose
                 the
                 Helm
                 which
                 before
                 guided
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 believe
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 more
                 occasion
                 for
                 it
                 in
                 their
                 Voyage
                 ,
                 but
                 can
                 sail
                 securely
                 with
                 the
                 gale
                 of
                 the
                 Prince's
                 favour
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 first
                 they
                 are
                 diligent
                 to
                 appear
                 wholly
                 disengag'd
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 intent
                 upon
                 the
                 Prince's
                 interest
                 ,
                 preferring
                 his
                 service
                 even
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Lives
                 and
                 Fortunes
                 ;
                 whence
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 persuaded
                 that
                 he
                 has
                 got
                 in
                 this
                 person
                 a
                 faithful
                 associate
                 in
                 his
                 labours
                 ,
                 loves
                 him
                 and
                 extolls
                 him
                 every-where
                 ;
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 did
                 Sejanus
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 People
                 26
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 endeavour
                 farther
                 by
                 some
                 generous
                 and
                 heroick
                 action
                 to
                 prove
                 their
                 fidelity
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 win
                 his
                 heart
                 .
                 Thus
                 Sejanus
                 ingratiated
                 himself
                 with
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 by
                 sustaining
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 and
                 head
                 ,
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 a
                 Precipice
                 which
                 would
                 else
                 have
                 fallen
                 upon
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 causing
                 him
                 thereby
                 to
                 put
                 more
                 confidence
                 in
                 his
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Constancy
                 27
                 .
              
               
               
                 Which
                 good
                 opinion
                 of
                 a
                 Favourites
                 fidelity
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 once
                 imbibes
                 ,
                 he
                 easily
                 fancies
                 himself
                 secure
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 and
                 willingly
                 takes
                 his
                 advice
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 pernicious
                 ,
                 putting
                 more
                 confidence
                 in
                 him
                 than
                 in
                 himself
                 ;
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 did
                 after
                 that
                 action
                 28
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 proceed
                 very
                 great
                 mischiefs
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 is
                 blinded
                 by
                 this
                 pre-conceiv'd
                 opinion
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 promotes
                 his
                 Favourite's
                 Credit
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 by
                 permitting
                 extraordinary
                 Honours
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 did
                 ,
                 hanging
                 
                 Sej●nus's
                 picture
                 in
                 the
                 Theatres
                 a●d
                 publick
                 Places
                 29
                 .
                 This
                 whisper
                 passes
                 immediately
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 whence
                 is
                 rais'd
                 a
                 new
                 Idol
                 ,
                 like
                 that
                 of
                 Aaron
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ear-rings
                 30
                 ,
                 for
                 either
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 favour
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 but
                 of
                 short
                 continuance
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 applause
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 :
                 This
                 Honour
                 creates
                 Arrogance
                 and
                 Avarice
                 to
                 support
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 usual
                 Vices
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 ones
                 31
                 .
                 The
                 Favourite
                 forgets
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 good
                 qualities
                 which
                 made
                 him
                 at
                 first
                 esteem'd
                 ,
                 by
                 degrees
                 fade
                 ,
                 Prosperity
                 insensibly
                 disclosing
                 those
                 Vices
                 which
                 Policy
                 had
                 a
                 while
                 conceal'd
                 .
                 So
                 it
                 happen'd
                 to
                 
                   Antonius
                   Primus
                
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 Prosperity
                 discover'd
                 Pride
                 ,
                 Avarice
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 ill
                 qualities
                 which
                 were
                 before
                 unknown
                 32
                 .
                 Grandure
                 disturbs
                 the
                 reason
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 the
                 Favourite
                 aspire
                 to
                 things
                 above
                 him
                 ;
                 thus
                 Sejanus
                 offer'd
                 marriage
                 to
                 Livia
                 33
                 .
                 He
                 manages
                 affairs
                 not
                 as
                 a
                 Minister
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 companion
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 
                 Mucian's
                 great
                 fault
                 )
                 34
                 ;
                 and
                 would
                 have
                 the
                 Prince
                 but
                 a
                 bare
                 name
                 ,
                 reserving
                 all
                 the
                 authority
                 to
                 himself
                 35
                 .
                 Nor
                 dares
                 any
                 say
                 to
                 him
                 what
                 Bathsheba
                 said
                 to
                 
                   David
                   ,
                   And
                   now
                   be●old
                
                 Adonijah
                 
                   reigneth
                   ,
                   and
                   now
                   ,
                   my
                   Lord
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   thou
                   
                   knowest
                   it
                   not
                
                 36
                 .
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Favourite's
                 whole
                 aim
                 to
                 exceed
                 the
                 Prince
                 in
                 those
                 qual●ties
                 which
                 are
                 proper
                 to
                 Royalty
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 esteem'd
                 beyond
                 him
                 ;
                 which
                 way
                 Absalom
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 disgrace
                 King
                 David
                 ,
                 affecting
                 affability
                 and
                 a
                 readiness
                 to
                 hear
                 the
                 Subjects
                 Complaints
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 stole
                 the
                 hearts
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 37
                 .
                 A
                 Favourite
                 does
                 not
                 think
                 himself
                 such
                 ,
                 unless
                 his
                 Servants
                 ,
                 Relations
                 and
                 Friends
                 participate
                 of
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 for
                 his
                 security
                 he
                 con●errs
                 the
                 chief
                 Offices
                 of
                 State
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 cuts
                 the
                 Nerves
                 of
                 Envy
                 .
                 With
                 this
                 design
                 Sejanus
                 preferr'd
                 his
                 own
                 Creatures
                 38
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 this
                 power
                 derogates
                 from
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 ,
                 who
                 always
                 oppose
                 favour
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 bro●k
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 more
                 esteem'd
                 than
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 suffer
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Subject
                 ,
                 on
                 whom
                 they
                 must
                 depend
                 ,
                 (
                 a
                 danger
                 which
                 Sejanus
                 experienc'd
                 in
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 39
                 .
                 The
                 Favourite
                 breeds
                 discontent
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 Thus
                 Sejanus
                 inform'd
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 that
                 Agrippina
                 conspir'd
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 Agrippina
                 that
                 Tiberius
                 design'd
                 to
                 poison
                 her
                 40
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Favourite
                 succeeds
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 it
                 emboldens
                 him
                 to
                 proceed
                 farther
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 
                   Drusus
                   ,
                   Sejanus
                
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 whole
                 Family
                 of
                 Germanic●s
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Favourite
                 being
                 blinded
                 with
                 passion
                 and
                 excess
                 of
                 power
                 ,
                 scorns
                 private
                 Artifices
                 ,
                 and
                 acts
                 openly
                 against
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Relations
                 ,
                 as
                 Sejanus
                 did
                 against
                 Agrippina
                 and
                 Nero.
                 None
                 dare
                 warn
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 his
                 actions
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 tremble
                 at
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 his
                 presence
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Israelites
                 did
                 at
                 that
                 of
                 Moses
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 from
                 conversing
                 with
                 God
                 41
                 And
                 as
                 he
                 sees
                 himself
                 as
                 much
                 respected
                 as
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 he
                 conspires
                 against
                 him
                 42
                 ,
                 and
                 oppresses
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 knowing
                 he
                 can't
                 gain
                 their
                 good
                 Will
                 ;
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 in
                 Despair
                 ,
                 doubt
                 ,
                 whether
                 his
                 Avarice
                 and
                 Cruelty
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 less
                 ,
                 were
                 
                 he
                 really
                 their
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 now
                 when
                 not
                 being
                 so
                 ,
                 he
                 treats
                 them
                 as
                 Slaves
                 and
                 Strangers
                 .
                 Which
                 Otho
                 consider'd
                 in
                 a
                 Favourite
                 of
                 Galba
                 43
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 attempts
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 augment
                 the
                 danger
                 ,
                 for
                 Envy
                 encreases
                 ,
                 and
                 Malice
                 arms
                 against
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 who
                 thinking
                 he
                 can't
                 overcome
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 some
                 greater
                 ,
                 applies
                 all
                 the
                 means
                 that
                 Emulation
                 of
                 favour
                 ,
                 more
                 furious
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Love
                 ,
                 can
                 suggest
                 .
                 And
                 since
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 his
                 favour
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 constancy
                 of
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Will
                 ,
                 he
                 endeavours
                 to
                 oblige
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 pleasures
                 and
                 voluptuousness
                 ,
                 the
                 main
                 instruments
                 of
                 favour
                 ,
                 which
                 
                 Vitellius's
                 Courtiers
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 preserve
                 his
                 44
                 .
                 And
                 least
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 give
                 credit
                 to
                 any
                 ,
                 he
                 makes
                 him
                 di●fident
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 good
                 especially
                 ,
                 for
                 them
                 he
                 fears
                 most
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 artifice
                 Vatinius
                 45
                 ,
                 and
                 Sejanus
                 ingratiated
                 themselves
                 46
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Favourite
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 is
                 more
                 opposite
                 to
                 favour
                 than
                 the
                 capacity
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 makes
                 it
                 his
                 whole
                 endeavour
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 him
                 from
                 knowing
                 ,
                 understanding
                 ,
                 seeing
                 or
                 hearing
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 or
                 having
                 any
                 one
                 about
                 him
                 to
                 inform
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 procures
                 his
                 aversion
                 to
                 business
                 and
                 fatigue
                 ,
                 by
                 filling
                 his
                 mind
                 with
                 the
                 diversions
                 of
                 Huntting
                 ,
                 Plays
                 ,
                 and
                 Banquets
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Senses
                 being
                 diverted
                 ,
                 neither
                 his
                 Eyes
                 may
                 inspect
                 Transactions
                 ,
                 nor
                 his
                 Ears
                 hear
                 the
                 Murmurs
                 and
                 Complaints
                 of
                 his
                 people
                 .
                 Thus
                 in
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 of
                 the
                 Idol
                 Moloch
                 ,
                 the
                 Priests
                 made
                 a
                 noise
                 with
                 Drums
                 and
                 Trumpets
                 ,
                 to
                 drown
                 the
                 Cries
                 and
                 Groans
                 of
                 the
                 dying
                 Infants
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 by
                 a
                 farther
                 fetch
                 ,
                 he
                 embarasses
                 and
                 confounds
                 him
                 with
                 Affairs
                 and
                 Papers
                 ,
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 tire
                 him
                 quickly
                 ,
                 so
                 we
                 ride
                 Colts
                 in
                 a
                 boggy
                 ground
                 to
                 break
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 them
                 sooner
                 take
                 the
                 Bit.
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 he
                 perswades
                 him
                 to
                 assist
                 at
                 Audiences
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 being
                 wholly
                 wearied
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 commit
                 the
                 management
                 
                 of
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 thinking
                 it
                 sufficient
                 to
                 have
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 affairs
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 Whence
                 (
                 as
                 Ieremiah
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Babylonish
                 Idols
                 )
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 what
                 the
                 Favourite
                 pleases
                 47
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 Affairs
                 go
                 smoothly
                 and
                 with
                 success
                 ,
                 for
                 any
                 one
                 can
                 sail
                 in
                 a
                 Calm
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 wishes
                 that
                 the
                 Sea
                 may
                 run
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 State
                 may
                 be
                 so
                 toss'd
                 by
                 the
                 Waves
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 may
                 be
                 afraid
                 to
                 put
                 his
                 hand
                 to
                 the
                 Helm
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 have
                 more
                 need
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 to
                 stop
                 at
                 all
                 Avenues
                 to
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 remain
                 sole
                 manager
                 of
                 Affairs
                 beyond
                 the
                 reach
                 of
                 Envy
                 ,
                 he
                 draws
                 him
                 from
                 Court
                 to
                 some
                 Retreat
                 among
                 his
                 own
                 Creatures
                 .
                 So
                 Sejanus
                 perswaded
                 Tiberius
                 to
                 retire
                 from
                 Rome
                 48
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 these
                 Arts
                 redound
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Princes
                 reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 who
                 hawks
                 after
                 a
                 Prince's
                 favour
                 by
                 these
                 means
                 ,
                 does
                 him
                 more
                 injury
                 than
                 one
                 who
                 openly
                 offends
                 him
                 49
                 .
                 For
                 an
                 offence
                 is
                 given
                 by
                 one
                 fault
                 ,
                 but
                 favour
                 is
                 not
                 acquir'd
                 under
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 always
                 derogate
                 from
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 opposite
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 Welfare
                 .
                 A
                 State
                 suffers
                 much
                 upon
                 the
                 sudden
                 death
                 of
                 its
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 grievance
                 is
                 soon
                 remedied
                 in
                 his
                 Successor
                 ,
                 which
                 can't
                 be
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 by
                 these
                 arts
                 render'd
                 unserviceable
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 this
                 misfortune
                 must
                 continue
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 he
                 lives
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Detriment
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 daily
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 felt
                 ,
                 it
                 creates
                 Discontent
                 and
                 Murmurs
                 among
                 all
                 ,
                 who
                 find
                 that
                 this
                 favour
                 is
                 not
                 voluntary
                 but
                 violent
                 ,
                 not
                 choice
                 but
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 grounding
                 their
                 fortune
                 upon
                 his
                 disgrace
                 ,
                 he
                 being
                 an
                 impediment
                 to
                 their
                 promotion
                 ;
                 these
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 being
                 always
                 
                 arm'd
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 but
                 that
                 at
                 last
                 they
                 should
                 find
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 displace
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 not
                 at
                 last
                 perceive
                 the
                 trick
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Envy
                 and
                 Odium
                 conceiv'd
                 against
                 the
                 Favourite
                 falls
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 at
                 last
                 found
                 50
                 :
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Prince
                 beginning
                 to
                 open
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 begins
                 to
                 fear
                 the
                 power
                 which
                 he
                 has
                 given
                 his
                 Favourite
                 ;
                 which
                 made
                 Tacitus
                 doubt
                 whether
                 Tiberius
                 more
                 lov'd
                 or
                 fear'd
                 Sejanus
                 51
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 before
                 his
                 favour
                 rais'd
                 him
                 ,
                 so
                 now
                 his
                 hate
                 procures
                 his
                 ruin
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 critical
                 point
                 of
                 favour
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 all
                 are
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 for
                 neither
                 can
                 the
                 Prince
                 dissemble
                 his
                 dis
                 satisfaction
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Favourite
                 remain
                 constant
                 in
                 his
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 whence
                 both
                 being
                 disgusted
                 the
                 bond
                 of
                 Amity
                 is
                 broken
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 regards
                 the
                 Favourite
                 as
                 unworthy
                 his
                 favour
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 him
                 as
                 ungratefull
                 for
                 his
                 Services
                 ,
                 and
                 believing
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 can't
                 be
                 without
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 shortly
                 recall
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 wi●hdraws
                 a
                 while
                 from
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 occasion
                 to
                 another
                 to
                 intermeddle
                 in
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 foment
                 the
                 new
                 rais'd
                 disgusts
                 ,
                 whence
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 the
                 favour
                 is
                 turn'd
                 into
                 hatred
                 ,
                 the
                 impatience
                 of
                 the
                 Favourite
                 hastning
                 his
                 ruin
                 .
                 The
                 report
                 of
                 his
                 Disgrace
                 spreads
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 grow
                 insolent
                 and
                 insult
                 over
                 him
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 now
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 .
                 His
                 Relations
                 and
                 Friends
                 fore-seeing
                 his
                 fall
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 danger
                 which
                 threatens
                 them
                 ,
                 fear
                 lest
                 they
                 too
                 should
                 be
                 involv'd
                 in
                 the
                 ruin
                 52
                 .
                 As
                 a
                 lofty
                 Tree
                 falling
                 crushes
                 all
                 that
                 grow
                 under
                 the
                 shadow
                 of
                 its
                 Branches
                 ;
                 nay
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 chief
                 promoters
                 of
                 his
                 fall
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 get
                 out
                 of
                 danger
                 themselves
                 ,
                 all
                 joining
                 ,
                 some
                 as
                 Friends
                 ,
                 some
                 as
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 to
                 push
                 down
                 this
                 falling
                 Wall
                 53
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 asham'd
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 strives
                 to
                 free
                 himself
                 from
                 this
                 Subjection
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 regain
                 his
                 credit
                 ,
                 by
                 making
                 the
                 Favourite
                 the
                 principal
                 cause
                 of
                 all
                 miscarriages
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 caught
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Snares
                 without
                 
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 free
                 himself
                 ,
                 as
                 Sejanus
                 was
                 54
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 he
                 strives
                 to
                 disengage
                 himself
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 he
                 hastens
                 his
                 ruin
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 Favour
                 once
                 sickens
                 it
                 must
                 die
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 Medicine
                 can
                 recover
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 all
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 we
                 may
                 evidently
                 see
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 danger
                 in
                 Favour
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 methods
                 which
                 Ambition
                 takes
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 People
                 who
                 are
                 too
                 curious
                 about
                 their
                 Health
                 ,
                 who
                 thinking
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 by
                 abundance
                 of
                 Physick
                 ,
                 rather
                 destroy
                 it
                 and
                 shorten
                 their
                 days
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 in
                 Distempers
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 better
                 remedy
                 than
                 Abstinence
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Nature
                 ,
                 so
                 when
                 Favour
                 begins
                 to
                 sicken
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 Advice
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 tamper
                 too
                 much
                 with
                 Medicines
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 serve
                 his
                 Prince
                 with
                 sincerity
                 and
                 integrity
                 ,
                 without
                 affection
                 or
                 interest
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 Operation
                 to
                 Merit
                 and
                 Truth
                 ,
                 more
                 durable
                 than
                 Artifice
                 ;
                 and
                 using
                 only
                 some
                 Preservatives
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 respect
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 or
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Court
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 or
                 Strangers
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 preserve
                 the
                 same
                 state
                 of
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 and
                 Affability
                 that
                 his
                 fortune
                 found
                 him
                 in
                 .
                 He
                 should
                 clear
                 his
                 Looks
                 from
                 the
                 dazling
                 Beams
                 of
                 Favour
                 ,
                 as
                 Moses
                 did
                 when
                 he
                 spoke
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 came
                 from
                 communing
                 with
                 God
                 55
                 .
                 Daniel
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Favourite
                 to
                 many
                 Kings
                 ,
                 waited
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 the
                 Anti-Chambers
                 56
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 refuse
                 those
                 Honours
                 ,
                 which
                 either
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 or
                 exceed
                 the
                 Sphere
                 of
                 a
                 Minister
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 would
                 offer
                 them
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 advertise
                 both
                 himself
                 and
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 Servant
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 alone
                 those
                 Honours
                 are
                 due
                 :
                 so
                 the
                 Angel
                 inform'd
                 St.
                 Iohn
                 when
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 worshipped
                 him
                 57
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 make
                 his
                 Prince's
                 Favour
                 the
                 means
                 whereby
                 to
                 execute
                 his
                 Lusts
                 and
                 Passions
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 hear
                 with
                 Patience
                 ,
                 and
                 answer
                 calmly
                 58
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 affect
                 others
                 Favour
                 ,
                 nor
                 fear
                 their
                 Displeasure
                 ▪
                 nor
                 conceal
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 nor
                 covet
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 ,
                 nor
                 arm
                 against
                 Envy
                 ,
                 nor
                 provide
                 against
                 
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 these
                 Precautions
                 are
                 very
                 dangerous
                 Let
                 him
                 fear
                 God
                 and
                 Infamy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Favourite
                 is
                 also
                 in
                 danger
                 from
                 his
                 Family
                 and
                 Relations
                 ,
                 for
                 though
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 People
                 do
                 approve
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 it
                 don't
                 thence
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 must
                 also
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 Domesticks
                 and
                 Relations
                 ,
                 whose
                 Disorders
                 ,
                 Indiscretion
                 ,
                 Pride
                 ,
                 Avarice
                 ,
                 and
                 Ambition
                 render
                 him
                 odious
                 and
                 ruin
                 him
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 deceive
                 himself
                 by
                 thinking
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 own
                 Creatures
                 are
                 the
                 support
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 depends
                 on
                 many
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 within
                 remembrance
                 of
                 their
                 former
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 that
                 others
                 may
                 see
                 they
                 hold
                 no
                 part
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 nor
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 preferr'd
                 meerly
                 for
                 being
                 his
                 Servants
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 persons
                 of
                 Worth
                 and
                 Merit
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 that
                 their
                 being
                 the
                 Favourites
                 Servants
                 and
                 Relations
                 should
                 prejudice
                 them
                 .
                 Christ
                 has
                 taught
                 us
                 this
                 Point
                 ,
                 giving
                 to
                 his
                 Relations
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 forerunner
                 and
                 Apostle
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 that
                 of
                 Teacher
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Pontificate
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Faith
                 of
                 St.
                 Peter
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Learning
                 of
                 St.
                 Paul.
                 
              
               
                 With
                 the
                 Prince
                 let
                 him
                 observe
                 these
                 Maxims
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 always
                 presuppose
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Favour
                 or
                 Affection
                 is
                 very
                 subject
                 to
                 change
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 such
                 change
                 should
                 happen
                 ,
                 he
                 enquire
                 not
                 into
                 the
                 Cause
                 thereof
                 ,
                 nor
                 pretend
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 may
                 not
                 suspect
                 him
                 ,
                 nor
                 his
                 Rivals
                 hope
                 his
                 Fall
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 it
                 when
                 he
                 but
                 thinks
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 build
                 his
                 Favour
                 upon
                 the
                 inclination
                 and
                 fancy
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Merit
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 the
                 Gold
                 of
                 Favour
                 be
                 not
                 well
                 tempered
                 with
                 that
                 Allay
                 ,
                 it
                 can
                 never
                 endure
                 the
                 Hammer
                 of
                 Emulation
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 love
                 more
                 the
                 Dignity
                 than
                 the
                 person
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 moderate
                 his
                 Zeal
                 by
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 guide
                 his
                 understanding
                 by
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 for
                 none
                 can
                 suffer
                 a
                 a
                 Rival
                 in
                 Sense
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 think
                 himself
                 his
                 Subject
                 not
                 his
                 Companion
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 a
                 Creature
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 pretend
                 to
                 equal
                 his
                 Creator
                 59
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 esteem
                 it
                 honourable
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 glorious
                 to
                 ruin
                 himself
                 to
                 augment
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 advise
                 with
                 a
                 modest
                 ,
                 agreeable
                 and
                 sincere
                 Freedom
                 60
                 ,
                 without
                 fear
                 of
                 Danger
                 or
                 Ambition
                 of
                 being
                 accounted
                 zealous
                 and
                 stanch
                 in
                 his
                 Opinion
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 make
                 no
                 Affair
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 nor
                 think
                 his
                 Reputation
                 concern'd
                 in
                 its
                 Success
                 ,
                 nor
                 be
                 disgusted
                 that
                 his
                 Sentiments
                 are
                 rejected
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 being
                 admitted
                 they
                 were
                 afterwards
                 altered
                 ,
                 for
                 such
                 Attempts
                 are
                 very
                 dangerous
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Debates
                 and
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 be
                 neither
                 so
                 hot
                 as
                 to
                 flame
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 cold
                 as
                 to
                 freeze
                 ,
                 but
                 keep
                 a
                 moderate
                 pace
                 according
                 to
                 time
                 and
                 opportunity
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 be
                 more
                 intent
                 upon
                 his
                 Duty
                 than
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 Affectation
                 or
                 vain
                 Glory
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 serves
                 only
                 for
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 robs
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 his
                 61
                 .
                 Let
                 his
                 Silence
                 be
                 
                   a
                   propos
                
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 words
                 close
                 and
                 ready
                 upon
                 occasion
                 ,
                 which
                 quality
                 King
                 Theodorick
                 commended
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Favourites
                 62
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 prefer
                 his
                 Princes
                 Service
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 interest
                 ,
                 nay
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 both
                 one
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 pay
                 due
                 Veneration
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 Family
                 ,
                 esteeming
                 their
                 Friendship
                 his
                 greatest
                 Security
                 ,
                 without
                 fomenting
                 Differences
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 for
                 Blood
                 is
                 easily
                 reconcil'd
                 to
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 the
                 Favourite
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 always
                 good
                 Servants
                 ,
                 and
                 faithful
                 Ministers
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 him
                 instruct
                 him
                 faithfully
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 neither
                 shut
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 nor
                 stop
                 his
                 Ears
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 he
                 see
                 ,
                 touch
                 and
                 feel
                 all
                 things
                 himself
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 discreetly
                 inform
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Errours
                 and
                 Failures
                 ,
                 without
                 fear
                 of
                 offence
                 ,
                 if
                 necessity
                 requires
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 his
                 Favour
                 may
                 sicken
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 recover
                 again
                 when
                 he
                 finds
                 his
                 Errour
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happen'd
                 to
                 Daniel
                 with
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Babylon
                 63
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Prince
                 resolves
                 or
                 determines
                 any
                 thing
                 through
                 Heat
                 or
                 Passion
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 endeavour
                 to
                 bend
                 not
                 break
                 those
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 waiting
                 while
                 time
                 and
                 the
                 inconveniencies
                 thereof
                 convince
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Errour
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 prevent
                 his
                 hearing
                 Peoples
                 Complaints
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Satyrs
                 ,
                 for
                 when
                 they
                 fall
                 upon
                 Innocence
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 Grains
                 of
                 Salt
                 that
                 preserve
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 Admonitions
                 not
                 to
                 err
                 or
                 to
                 amend
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 ascribe
                 successful
                 Actions
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 t●ke
                 miscarriages
                 upon
                 himself
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 always
                 think
                 his
                 ruin
                 sure
                 and
                 certain
                 ,
                 waiting
                 for
                 it
                 with
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 free
                 and
                 disinteress'd
                 mind
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 over
                 sollicitous
                 to
                 establish
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 falls
                 soonest
                 from
                 a
                 Precipice
                 who
                 fears
                 it
                 most
                 .
                 The
                 reflection
                 of
                 the
                 danger
                 disturbs
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 grow
                 giddy
                 with
                 looking
                 from
                 an
                 height
                 .
                 Whatever
                 Favourites
                 have
                 been
                 thus
                 giddy
                 have
                 certainly
                 fell
                 ,
                 when
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 not
                 been
                 so
                 sollicitous
                 have
                 pass'd
                 secure
                 64
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 Ministers
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 behave
                 himself
                 rather
                 as
                 a
                 Companion
                 than
                 a
                 Master
                 ,
                 rather
                 as
                 a
                 Defender
                 than
                 Accuser
                 65
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 encourage
                 the
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 reform
                 the
                 Bad.
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 interpose
                 his
                 Authority
                 in
                 their
                 Preferments
                 or
                 Removals
                 ;
                 and
                 leave
                 to
                 them
                 their
                 own
                 business
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 alter
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 Counsels
                 in
                 Consultations
                 ,
                 nor
                 deny
                 any
                 access
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Prince
                 would
                 have
                 him
                 confer
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 declare
                 his
                 Sentiments
                 frankly
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 other
                 Design
                 than
                 to
                 consult
                 for
                 the
                 best
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Court
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 dangerous
                 Rock
                 of
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 all
                 use
                 it
                 to
                 establish
                 and
                 confirm
                 it
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 stone
                 in
                 it
                 but
                 would
                 strive
                 to
                 fall
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 falling
                 it
                 might
                 crush
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 as
                 brittle
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Nebuchadnezar
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 diversity
                 of
                 Metals
                 that
                 compos'd
                 it
                 .
                 Not
                 one
                 Courtier
                 is
                 a
                 true
                 Friend
                 to
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 chooses
                 some
                 he
                 incurs
                 the
                 Hatred
                 and
                 Envy
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 ▪
                 If
                 he
                 introduces
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 being
                 supplanted
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 does
                 not
                 he
                 makes
                 them
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 there●ore
                 the
                 safest
                 way
                 to
                 walk
                 with
                 indifference
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 intermeddle
                 in
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 but
                 endeavour
                 to
                 satisfie
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 if
                 possible
                 )
                 rather
                 to
                 promote
                 than
                 hinder
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Pretensions
                 and
                 Interest
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 one
                 shall
                 have
                 insinuated
                 himself
                 into
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Favour
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 to
                 keep
                 him
                 there
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 
                 wrestles
                 with
                 another
                 to
                 throw
                 him
                 down
                 usually
                 falls
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 opposition
                 confirms
                 Favour
                 .
                 More
                 Favorites
                 have
                 been
                 ruined
                 by
                 striving
                 to
                 displace
                 others
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 advancing
                 them
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 slight
                 Accusations
                 ,
                 or
                 Commendations
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 them
                 to
                 Fortune
                 .
              
               
                 Favour
                 is
                 very
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 disapprove
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 can
                 never
                 support
                 him
                 against
                 the
                 common
                 Cry
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 he
                 Attempts
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 usually
                 turn
                 his
                 Judges
                 and
                 Executioners
                 ,
                 we
                 having
                 seen
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 fall
                 by
                 their
                 hands
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 People
                 love
                 him
                 to
                 excess
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 creates
                 Jealousie
                 and
                 Envy
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 nay
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Loves
                 are
                 generally
                 short
                 and
                 unlucky
                 66
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Favourite
                 may
                 walk
                 safe
                 between
                 these
                 two
                 Extreams
                 ,
                 he
                 must
                 avoid
                 all
                 occasions
                 of
                 publick
                 Applause
                 and
                 Acclamations
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 only
                 endeavour
                 to
                 procure
                 to
                 himself
                 a
                 good
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 by
                 Piety
                 ,
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 Complaisance
                 and
                 Affability
                 ,
                 making
                 it
                 his
                 Care
                 to
                 see
                 Justice
                 duely
                 administred
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 publick
                 Peace
                 be
                 not
                 disturb'd
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ;
                 that
                 Privileges
                 be
                 not
                 violated
                 ,
                 nor
                 Novelties
                 introduced
                 into
                 the
                 Government
                 ;
                 but
                 above
                 all
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 Disputes
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 nor
                 difference
                 among
                 the
                 Clergy
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 will
                 soon
                 feel
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Rage
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 once
                 incur
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 impious
                 .
              
               
                 Foreigners
                 who
                 want
                 this
                 natural
                 Love
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 depend
                 more
                 upon
                 the
                 Favourite
                 than
                 him
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 pay
                 him
                 most
                 Respect
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 by
                 his
                 means
                 accomplish
                 their
                 Designs
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 dishonour
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 prejudice
                 of
                 his
                 States
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 they
                 often
                 prove
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 abundantly
                 satisfie
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Desires
                 and
                 Requests
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 beware
                 of
                 their
                 Respect
                 ,
                 and
                 refuse
                 the
                 incense
                 and
                 worth
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 letting
                 them
                 who
                 would
                 pay
                 him
                 those
                 Honours
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 only
                 the
                 Curtain
                 before
                 the
                 Image
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Prince
                 that
                 works
                 the
                 Miracles
                 .
              
               
                 Ambassadors
                 usually
                 affect
                 the
                 Friendship
                 of
                 the
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 effectual
                 means
                 to
                 accomplish
                 their
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 judging
                 that
                 the
                 disorders
                 which
                 result
                 from
                 Favour
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 Service
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 endeavour
                 to
                 foment
                 it
                 ,
                 being
                 often
                 introduc'd
                 thereto
                 by
                 the
                 Favourite
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 they
                 take
                 occasion
                 to
                 commend
                 them
                 in
                 Audiences
                 ,
                 and
                 seem
                 at
                 first
                 sight
                 free
                 from
                 Interest
                 and
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 often
                 very
                 good
                 Effect
                 ,
                 yet
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 they
                 are
                 dangerous
                 Friends
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Favourite
                 can't
                 preserve
                 their
                 Friendship
                 without
                 great
                 Detriment
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 State.
                 And
                 if
                 in
                 consideration
                 of
                 his
                 Duty
                 ,
                 he
                 does
                 not
                 abundantly
                 satisfie
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 utter
                 Enemies
                 and
                 leave
                 no
                 stone
                 unturn'd
                 to
                 ruin
                 him
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 therefore
                 safest
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 engag'd
                 to
                 them
                 than
                 the
                 Princes
                 Service
                 will
                 permit
                 .
                 Endeavouring
                 only
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Reputation
                 abroad
                 of
                 a
                 sincere
                 and
                 affable
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 who
                 would
                 rather
                 preserve
                 the
                 good
                 Correspondences
                 and
                 Alliances
                 of
                 his
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 break
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 timely
                 Application
                 of
                 these
                 Preservatives
                 may
                 perhaps
                 prevent
                 a
                 Favourites
                 fall
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 has
                 once
                 incurr'd
                 the
                 Odium
                 and
                 Envy
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 Tricks
                 and
                 Artifices
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 endanger
                 him
                 .
                 As
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 Seneca
                 who
                 took
                 no
                 method
                 to
                 prevent
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 but
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 moderate
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 found
                 himself
                 persecuted
                 67
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Observation
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 Cautions
                 ,
                 the
                 Favourite
                 shall
                 fall
                 into
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 his
                 fall
                 will
                 be
                 Glorious
                 ,
                 he
                 having
                 liv'd
                 without
                 the
                 little
                 Fears
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 shameful
                 Care
                 of
                 preserving
                 his
                 Favour
                 by
                 methods
                 below
                 a
                 generous
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 a
                 torment
                 much
                 worse
                 than
                 the
                 disgrace
                 it self
                 .
                 If
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 thing
                 valuable
                 in
                 a
                 Princes
                 Favour
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 only
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 having
                 merited
                 his
                 Esteem
                 ;
                 the
                 Continuation
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 Cares
                 and
                 Dangers
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 is
                 happiest
                 ,
                 who
                 soonest
                 and
                 with
                 most
                 Reputation
                 quits
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 describ'd
                 ,
                 Royal
                 Sir
                 ,
                 the
                 Practices
                 of
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 how
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 comport
                 himself
                 towards
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 supposing
                 that
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 any
                 ,
                 for
                 though
                 he
                 must
                 be
                 allow'd
                 to
                 have
                 more
                 inclination
                 to
                 one
                 than
                 another
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 devolve
                 all
                 his
                 Authority
                 upon
                 one
                 person
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 people
                 must
                 expect
                 Orders
                 ,
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 Favour
                 is
                 properly
                 an
                 Alienation
                 from
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 and
                 dangerous
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 even
                 when
                 Favour
                 succeeds
                 in
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 ,
                 for
                 neither
                 will
                 the
                 people
                 so
                 readily
                 obey
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 awfully
                 respect
                 the
                 Favourite
                 as
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 he
                 so
                 much
                 concern'd
                 for
                 the
                 welfare
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 he
                 so
                 immediately
                 under
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 God
                 as
                 the
                 Prince
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 though
                 many
                 of
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness's
                 Ancestors
                 have
                 had
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 much
                 care
                 and
                 zeal
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 at
                 present
                 )
                 have
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 Act
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 yet
                 have
                 their
                 attempts
                 met
                 with
                 answerable
                 Success
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 be
                 deceiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 example
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 whose
                 Territories
                 we
                 see
                 indeed
                 much
                 enlarg'd
                 by
                 the
                 Counsels
                 of
                 a
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 without
                 detriment
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 prejudice
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 Prerogative
                 .
                 Whoever
                 shall
                 duely
                 consider
                 the
                 Persecution
                 of
                 the
                 Queen
                 Mother
                 ,
                 and
                 Duke
                 of
                 Orleans
                 ;
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 Monmorency
                 spilt
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Prior
                 of
                 Vendosme
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   Paul
                   Reny
                
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Monsieur
                 
                   de
                   Macraints
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Imprisonment
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Bulloign
                 ,
                 the
                 Exactions
                 and
                 Oppressions
                 of
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 the
                 Usurpation
                 of
                 the
                 Du●chy
                 of
                 Lorrain
                 ,
                 the
                 Leagues
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Dutch
                   ,
                   Protestants
                
                 and
                 Swedes
                 ,
                 the
                 Design
                 upon
                 
                   Charles
                   Emanuel
                
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 the
                 Peace
                 made
                 at
                 Mouzon
                 without
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Allies
                 ,
                 the
                 Curb
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Valtoline
                 and
                 Grisons
                 ,
                 the
                 Succours
                 sent
                 to
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 English
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 the
                 Sieges
                 of
                 Fontarabie
                 ,
                 St.
                 
                   Omer
                   ,
                   Thionville
                   ,
                   Fornavent
                
                 and
                 Catelet
                 ,
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 
                   Lovain
                   ,
                   Tarragone
                   ,
                   Perpignan
                   ,
                   Sa●e
                   ,
                   Valence
                
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Po
                   ,
                   Imbree
                
                 and
                 
                   la
                   R●que
                
                 ,
                 the
                 retaking
                 Aire
                 and
                 the
                 Bass.
                 He
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 who
                 shall
                 consider
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 will
                 find
                 that
                 all
                 his
                 measures
                 were
                 grounded
                 upon
                 Violence
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Favour
                 was
                 founded
                 upon
                 force
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 Sword
                 so
                 daring
                 against
                 the
                 Persons
                 of
                 Kings
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 timo●ous
                 and
                 cowardly
                 against
                 this
                 Minister
                 ,
                 that
                 Fortune
                 has
                 favoured
                 his
                 Temerity
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 has
                 succeeded
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 he
                 
                 should
                 have
                 fail'd
                 ,
                 whereas
                 we
                 have
                 lost
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 methods
                 we
                 should
                 have
                 gain'd
                 ;
                 a
                 sure
                 Sign
                 that
                 God
                 prospered
                 this
                 Favourite
                 for
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 Christianity
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 our
                 Chastisement
                 ,
                 forestalling
                 our
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 confounding
                 our
                 Valour
                 .
                 Kingdoms
                 destin'd
                 to
                 Ruin
                 ,
                 fall
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 supported
                 ;
                 thus
                 the
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 created
                 Distrust
                 ,
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 Mantua
                 Jealousie
                 ,
                 the
                 opposition
                 at
                 Nivers
                 Wars
                 ,
                 the
                 Diversion
                 ,
                 Expence
                 ,
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 Alsace
                 Rivals
                 ,
                 the
                 War
                 for
                 Spain
                 Rebellions
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Casal
                 we
                 lost
                 an
                 opportunity
                 of
                 putting
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 the
                 Counsel
                 of
                 Secretary
                 Passiers
                 to
                 Prince
                 Thomas
                 ,
                 hindred
                 the
                 relief
                 of
                 Turin
                 and
                 triumph
                 over
                 France
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 happed
                 at
                 Aire
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 foolish
                 piece
                 of
                 Formality
                 ,
                 the
                 News
                 that
                 was
                 brought
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Arras
                 made
                 them
                 omit
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 relieving
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 vain
                 Scruple
                 
                   D'
                   Amvilliers
                
                 was
                 not
                 succoured
                 ,
                 through
                 Cowardize
                 or
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 Chapelle
                 surrendred
                 .
                 O
                 Providence
                 Divine
                 !
                 Whither
                 tend
                 such
                 variety
                 of
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 so
                 different
                 from
                 their
                 Causes
                 ?
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 by
                 chance
                 that
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Europe
                 is
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Favourites
                 .
                 God
                 grant
                 Success
                 may
                 answer
                 the
                 publick
                 Prayers
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 First
                 Volume
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               
                 
                   His
                   Royal
                   Highness
                   William
                   Duke
                   of
                   Glocester
                   .
                
                 
                   Printed
                   fo●
                   M.
                   Gilliflower
                   and
                   L.
                   Meredith
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               
                 Royal
                 Politician
              
               REPRESENTED
               IN
               
                 One
                 Hundred
                 Emblems
              
               .
            
             
               Written
               in
               Spanish
               by
               
                 Don
                 Diego
                 Saavedra
                 Faxardo
              
               ,
               Knight
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               St.
               Iago
               ,
               Plenipotentiary
               Ambassador
            
             
               To
               the
               Cantons
               of
               SWITZERLAND
               ,
               At
               the
               Imperial
               Diet
               at
               RATISBON
               ,
               At
               the
               Famous
               Treaty
               of
               MVNSTER
               ,
               And
               of
               the
               Supreme
               Council
               of
               State
               for
               both
               of
               INDIES
               .
            
             
               With
               a
               large
               Preface
               ,
               containing
               an
               Account
               of
               the
               Author
               ,
               his
               Works
               ,
               and
               the
               Usefulness
               thereof
               .
            
             
               Done
               into
               English
               from
               the
               Original
               .
            
             
               By
               Sir
               
                 IA.
                 ASTRY
              
               .
            
             
               VOL.
               II.
               
            
             
               LONDON
               :
               Printed
               for
               
                 Mat●
                 .
                 Gylliflower
              
               at
               the
               Spread-Eagle
               in
               Westminster-Hall
               :
               And
               
                 Luke
                 Meredith
              
               at
               the
               Star
               in
               St.
               
               Paul's
               Church-Yard
               ,
               MDCC
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               OF
               THE
               EDUCATION
               OF
               A
               PRINCE
               .
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LI.
                 
                 
              
               
                 THERE
                 is
                 nothing
                 better
                 or
                 more
                 advantageous
                 to
                 Mankind
                 than
                 prudent
                 Diffidence
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Guard
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 our
                 Lives
                 and
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 our
                 own
                 Security
                 obliges
                 us
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 without
                 it
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 Caution
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 no
                 Safety
                 ;
                 that
                 Prince
                 governs
                 best
                 
                 who
                 trusts
                 fewest
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 Confidence
                 safe
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 another
                 .
                 For
                 who
                 can
                 secure
                 himself
                 of
                 Man's
                 heart
                 ,
                 hid
                 in
                 the
                 privatest
                 corner
                 of
                 the
                 Breast
                 ,
                 whose
                 Secrets
                 the
                 Tongue
                 dissembles
                 ,
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 contradict
                 1
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 Gulf
                 rowling
                 with
                 the
                 Tempests
                 of
                 different
                 Affections
                 ,
                 a
                 Sea
                 full
                 of
                 hidden
                 Rocks
                 which
                 no
                 Chart
                 can
                 discover
                 .
                 What
                 Prudence
                 must
                 the
                 Needle
                 be
                 touched
                 with
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 sail
                 by
                 ,
                 through
                 such
                 dangerous
                 and
                 difficult
                 Seas
                 2
                 .
                 How
                 well
                 should
                 he
                 know
                 the
                 Winds
                 ?
                 when
                 to
                 furl
                 and
                 loose
                 the
                 Sails
                 of
                 Confidence
                 ?
                 In
                 this
                 consists
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 this
                 that
                 a
                 Princes
                 danger
                 chiefly
                 consists
                 ,
                 either
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Experience
                 in
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 or
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 appearing
                 ill
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 his
                 Presence
                 all
                 compose
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 adjust
                 their
                 Looks
                 :
                 Their
                 set
                 Speeches
                 sound
                 nothing
                 but
                 Love
                 ,
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Attendance
                 nothing
                 but
                 Respect
                 and
                 Obedience
                 ;
                 Discontent
                 ,
                 Hatred
                 and
                 Ambition
                 being
                 hid
                 in
                 the
                 heart
                 ;
                 which
                 made
                 one
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   a
                   Prince
                   should
                   trust
                   no
                   Body
                
                 ;
                 but
                 both
                 extreams
                 are
                 equally
                 to
                 be
                 avoided
                 3
                 .
                 To
                 trust
                 none
                 is
                 the
                 Suspicion
                 of
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 to
                 trust
                 all
                 the
                 easiness
                 of
                 an
                 imprudent
                 Prince
                 .
                 Confidence
                 is
                 not
                 less
                 important
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 than
                 Distrust
                 :
                 The
                 one
                 is
                 worthy
                 a
                 sincere
                 and
                 Royal
                 Breast
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 very
                 necessary
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 Instrument
                 by
                 which
                 Policy
                 works
                 its
                 Ends.
                 The
                 Difficulty
                 consists
                 in
                 knowing
                 how
                 rightly
                 to
                 use
                 one
                 and
                 t'
                 other
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 neither
                 a
                 too
                 credulous
                 Confidence
                 expose
                 you
                 to
                 Infidelity
                 and
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 too
                 suspicious
                 Distrust
                 provoke
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 or
                 make
                 the
                 Prince
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 Diffidence
                 incapble
                 o●
                 treating
                 with
                 any
                 one
                 :
                 He
                 should
                 not
                 measure
                 all
                 thing●
                 by
                 Confidence
                 ,
                 nor
                 all
                 by
                 Distrust
                 .
                 If
                 a
                 Prince
                 will
                 trus●
                 none
                 ,
                 who
                 can
                 serve
                 him
                 without
                 evident
                 Dangers
                 ?
                 'T
                 is
                 a●
                 great
                 a
                 misfortune
                 to
                 lose
                 a
                 faithful
                 Minister
                 upon
                 vain
                 and
                 groundless
                 Suspicions
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 a
                 too
                 easie
                 Credulity
                 to
                 trus●
                 
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 confide
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 suspect
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 cheated
                 ;
                 this
                 Suspicion
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 retard
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Caution
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 if
                 he
                 was
                 without
                 Suspicion
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 careless
                 .
                 Suspicion
                 is
                 a
                 cautionary
                 Security
                 ,
                 a
                 due
                 weighing
                 of
                 Matters
                 ;
                 he
                 who
                 doubts
                 nothing
                 can
                 never
                 know
                 the
                 Truth
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 give
                 Credit
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 believ'd
                 ,
                 and
                 distrust
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 believ'd
                 not
                 .
                 Confidence
                 and
                 Diffidence
                 being
                 thus
                 governed
                 by
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Reason
                 ,
                 work
                 Miracles
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 be
                 well
                 advised
                 in
                 the
                 Affairs
                 which
                 he
                 treats
                 of
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Alliances
                 which
                 he
                 ratifies
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Peaces
                 which
                 he
                 concludes
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Treaties
                 in
                 general
                 which
                 concern
                 the
                 Government
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 Signs
                 them
                 let
                 his
                 hand
                 be
                 full
                 of
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 prefent
                 Emblem
                 )
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 see
                 what
                 he
                 does
                 .
                 The
                 Bawd
                 in
                 Plautus
                 valued
                 not
                 the
                 Promises
                 of
                 the
                 Lover
                 when
                 she
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   Our
                   hands
                   are
                   full
                   of
                   eyes
                   ,
                   what
                   they
                   see
                   they
                   believe
                
                 ;
                 and
                 elsewhere
                 she
                 calls
                 the
                 Day
                 quick
                 sighted
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 she
                 never
                 traded
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 Ready
                 .
                 Blind
                 are
                 Resolves
                 made
                 by
                 Confidence
                 :
                 
                 Pythagoras's
                 Motto
                 was
                 ,
                 Not
                 to
                 shake
                 hands
                 with
                 every
                 Body
                 .
                 Credulity
                 to
                 all
                 is
                 very
                 dangerous
                 ;
                 let
                 a
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 consider
                 well
                 before
                 he
                 ingages
                 himself
                 ,
                 thinking
                 always
                 that
                 his
                 Friends
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 his
                 Enemies
                 design
                 to
                 cheat
                 him
                 ,
                 one
                 more
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 less
                 ;
                 one
                 to
                 rob
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Territories
                 and
                 Riches
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 only
                 to
                 reconcile
                 himself
                 to
                 his
                 Favour
                 and
                 Good-will
                 .
                 This
                 Pre-supposition
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 Fraud
                 ,
                 and
                 Villainy
                 giving
                 him
                 the
                 Liberty
                 to
                 forfeit
                 his
                 Word
                 and
                 Promise
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 utterly
                 confound
                 the
                 publick
                 Faith
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 Blot
                 in
                 his
                 Reputation
                 ;
                 this
                 Caution
                 should
                 be
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 prudent
                 Circumspection
                 and
                 piece
                 of
                 Policy
                 .
                 That
                 Diffidence
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Suspicion
                 is
                 then
                 blameable
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 frivolous
                 and
                 vicious
                 ,
                 which
                 immediately
                 discovers
                 its
                 Effects
                 and
                 proceeds
                 to
                 Execution
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 Circumspect
                 and
                 general
                 Distrust
                 ,
                 which
                 equally
                 regards
                 all
                 ,
                 without
                 particularizing
                 upon
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 Circumstances
                 well
                 examined
                 shall
                 dictate
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 you
                 may
                 not
                 sufficiently
                 confide
                 in
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 whom
                 you
                 may
                 nevertheless
                 have
                 a
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 ,
                 for
                 
                 this
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 particular
                 distrusting
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 general
                 Caution
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 there
                 are
                 Forts
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 middle
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 Garrisons
                 kept
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 on
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Frontiers
                 .
                 This
                 Caution
                 is
                 convenient
                 ,
                 and
                 reflects
                 not
                 upon
                 the
                 Subjects
                 Fidelity
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 may
                 confide
                 in
                 his
                 Relations
                 ,
                 Allies
                 ,
                 Subjects
                 and
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 yet
                 this
                 Confidence
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 remiss
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 lull
                 him
                 asleep
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 him
                 careless
                 of
                 all
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 Interest
                 ,
                 or
                 Hatred
                 usually
                 pervert
                 Fidelity
                 ;
                 breaking
                 the
                 strongest
                 Bars
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Nature
                 and
                 Nations
                 ;
                 when
                 a
                 Prince
                 had
                 rather
                 chuse
                 to
                 suffer
                 ,
                 than
                 live
                 in
                 the
                 continual
                 Alarms
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Cautions
                 ;
                 and
                 rather
                 let
                 things
                 run
                 on
                 ,
                 than
                 remedy
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 which
                 may
                 happen
                 .
                 He
                 makes
                 his
                 Ministers
                 wicked
                 and
                 sometimes
                 treacherous
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 imputing
                 his
                 Indulgence
                 to
                 Incapability
                 despise
                 and
                 slight
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 Reigns
                 absolutely
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 which
                 is
                 allotted
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 vigilant
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 does
                 confide
                 in
                 any
                 does
                 it
                 not
                 without
                 Caution
                 ;
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 always
                 so
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Treachery
                 shall
                 never
                 find
                 him
                 unprovided
                 ;
                 when
                 he
                 condemns
                 not
                 without
                 hearing
                 ;
                 and
                 reprehends
                 not
                 but
                 to
                 preserve
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 wear
                 his
                 Crown
                 in
                 safety
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 had
                 no
                 reason
                 to
                 suspect
                 the
                 Fidelity
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Captain
                 †
                 ;
                 nevertheless
                 he
                 kept
                 those
                 people
                 near
                 him
                 who
                 should
                 diligently
                 pry
                 into
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 knowing
                 how
                 narrowly
                 he
                 was
                 watch'd
                 ,
                 might
                 Act
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 Caution
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 not
                 properly
                 an
                 Action
                 of
                 distrust
                 but
                 prudence
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 this
                 he
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 this
                 Suspicion
                 be
                 not
                 groundless
                 and
                 frivolous
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 great
                 Captain
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 after
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Ravenna
                 ,
                 he
                 wanted
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 him
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 with
                 what
                 eagerness
                 all
                 the
                 people
                 strove
                 to
                 serve
                 and
                 fight
                 under
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 endeavoured
                 by
                 al●
                 the
                 means
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 assure
                 himself
                 of
                 Duke
                 Valentine
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 that
                 suspecting
                 an
                 experimented
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 he
                 exposed
                 himself
                 
                 to
                 one
                 suspected
                 :
                 So
                 over
                 jealous
                 Spirits
                 to
                 avoid
                 one
                 Danger
                 fall
                 into
                 a
                 greater
                 ;
                 though
                 sometimes
                 the
                 refusal
                 of
                 the
                 Services
                 of
                 such
                 great
                 Men
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 rather
                 a
                 Princes
                 Envy
                 or
                 Ingratitude
                 ,
                 than
                 Jealousie
                 or
                 Suspicion
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 also
                 that
                 this
                 wise
                 Prince
                 ,
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 convenient
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 whom
                 he
                 knew
                 to
                 be
                 discontented
                 ;
                 a
                 Prince
                 must
                 expect
                 little
                 Fidelity
                 from
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 whom
                 he
                 has
                 once
                 shewn
                 a
                 Distrust
                 .
                 The
                 more
                 ingenious
                 and
                 generous
                 a
                 Spirit
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 resents
                 the
                 Suspicion
                 of
                 its
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 more
                 easily
                 quits
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 Getulius
                 make
                 bold
                 to
                 write
                 to
                 
                   Tiberius
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   was
                   Loyal
                   ,
                   and
                   unless
                   suspected
                   ,
                   would
                   remain
                   so
                
                 4
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 learn
                 by
                 the
                 experience
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Accidents
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 others
                 ,
                 how
                 far
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 confide
                 in
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Amongst
                 the
                 Cautions
                 which
                 King
                 Henry
                 the
                 II.
                 left
                 his
                 Son
                 
                   Don
                   John
                
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 continue
                 the
                 Rewards
                 given
                 to
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 follow'd
                 his
                 party
                 against
                 King
                 Peter
                 their
                 natural
                 Lord
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 put
                 so
                 much
                 Confidence
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 an
                 Eye
                 upon
                 'em
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 Offices
                 and
                 Places
                 of
                 Trust
                 he
                 should
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 adher'd
                 to
                 their
                 Master
                 King
                 Peter
                 like
                 true
                 and
                 faithful
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 oblige
                 'em
                 to
                 make
                 amends
                 for
                 past
                 Offences
                 by
                 future
                 Services
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 put
                 any
                 Confidence
                 in
                 the
                 Neuters
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 shewn
                 themselves
                 more
                 addicted
                 to
                 self
                 Interest
                 than
                 the
                 publick
                 Good.
                 Traytors
                 are
                 odious
                 even
                 to
                 those
                 whom
                 they
                 serve
                 by
                 their
                 Treason
                 5
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Loyal
                 are
                 esteem'd
                 by
                 those
                 against
                 whom
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 ;
                 upon
                 this
                 ground
                 Otho
                 trusted
                 Celsus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 faithfully
                 served
                 Galba
                 6
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 good
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 Minister
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 to
                 great
                 Places
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 makes
                 other
                 envy
                 him
                 and
                 hate
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 they
                 taking
                 this
                 sudden
                 Promotion
                 as
                 an
                 Argument
                 of
                 his
                 Levity
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Minister
                 so
                 modest
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 affronted
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 zealous
                 as
                 to
                 continue
                 in
                 his
                 Devoir
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 sees
                 
                 another
                 so
                 unjustly
                 preferred
                 .
                 For
                 one
                 that
                 's
                 satisfied
                 many
                 are
                 discontented
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Ministers
                 are
                 disgusted
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 the
                 Government
                 should
                 go
                 well
                 :
                 Such
                 Elections
                 are
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 abortive
                 Births
                 ;
                 and
                 Fidelity
                 takes
                 deeper
                 root
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 sees
                 that
                 Offices
                 and
                 Imployments
                 are
                 the
                 reward
                 of
                 faithful
                 Services
                 :
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 time
                 to
                 make
                 Tryal
                 of
                 his
                 Minister
                 ,
                 first
                 in
                 places
                 of
                 small
                 Trust
                 least
                 it
                 should
                 cost
                 him
                 too
                 dear
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 in
                 places
                 of
                 greater
                 Importance
                 7
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 examine
                 before
                 he
                 employs
                 him
                 in
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Peace
                 or
                 War
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 likely
                 to
                 shake
                 his
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 what
                 his
                 Birth
                 is
                 ,
                 what
                 his
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Fortune
                 ;
                 this
                 Circumspection
                 is
                 particularly
                 necessary
                 in
                 places
                 of
                 Trust
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 the
                 Keys
                 and
                 Security
                 of
                 Governments
                 .
              
               
                 Augustus
                 would
                 not
                 permit
                 any
                 Senator
                 or
                 Roman
                 Knight
                 to
                 enter
                 Egypt
                 without
                 his
                 special
                 Order
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 Province
                 was
                 the
                 Grainary
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 made
                 himself
                 Master
                 of
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 other
                 at
                 Command
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 Tiberius
                 sharply
                 reprehended
                 Germanicus
                 for
                 going
                 into
                 Alexandria
                 without
                 his
                 leave
                 8
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 greater
                 Security
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Minister
                 in
                 obedience
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 convenient
                 to
                 allow
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 Authority
                 to
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 Curbs
                 stronger
                 than
                 that
                 ,
                 nor
                 more
                 ready
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Faults
                 of
                 the
                 Governor
                 .
              
               
                 Mean
                 and
                 abject
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 no
                 Ambition
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 or
                 thirst
                 for
                 Preferments
                 ,
                 are
                 fit
                 for
                 no
                 Employ
                 .
                 The
                 chief
                 Quality
                 which
                 God
                 found
                 in
                 Ioshuah
                 ,
                 to
                 introduce
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 was
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Spirit
                 9
                 .
                 But
                 yet
                 the
                 Courage
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 repine
                 at
                 his
                 being
                 born
                 a
                 Subject
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 be
                 contented
                 with
                 his
                 Condition
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Loyalty
                 of
                 such
                 is
                 in
                 great
                 Danger
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 aspire
                 always
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 step
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 they
                 attain
                 not
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 either
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Power
                 ,
                 or
                 
                 Wit
                 ,
                 besides
                 they
                 soon
                 flag
                 in
                 their
                 Zeal
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 and
                 Obedience
                 to
                 their
                 Prince
                 .
              
               
                 Great
                 Spirits
                 are
                 not
                 less
                 dangerous
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 docile
                 and
                 modest
                 for
                 being
                 very
                 positive
                 and
                 conceited
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 slight
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 believe
                 that
                 all
                 should
                 be
                 governed
                 at
                 their
                 Pleasure
                 .
                 A
                 person
                 is
                 as
                 troublesome
                 for
                 his
                 good
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 his
                 having
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 satisfying
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 presumes
                 too
                 much
                 upon
                 his
                 Merit
                 :
                 Tiberius
                 never
                 desired
                 great
                 Vertues
                 in
                 Offices
                 of
                 Trust
                 ,
                 and
                 hated
                 Vices
                 too
                 ;
                 for
                 from
                 one
                 he
                 feared
                 Danger
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 from
                 t'
                 other
                 Scandal
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 10
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 are
                 those
                 fit
                 for
                 Ministers
                 who
                 are
                 rich
                 and
                 of
                 great
                 Families
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 flowing
                 in
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 they
                 won't
                 expose
                 themselves
                 to
                 Perils
                 and
                 Toils
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 they
                 be
                 under
                 Command
                 11
                 .
                 Whence
                 
                   Sosibius
                   Britannicus
                
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 Princes
                 can't
                 endure
                 Riches
                 in
                 the
                 Commons
                 12
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 a
                 Prince
                 shall
                 have
                 made
                 Choice
                 of
                 a
                 Minister
                 with
                 all
                 due
                 Circumspection
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 seemingly
                 put
                 an
                 entire
                 Confidence
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 always
                 keep
                 an
                 Eye
                 upon
                 his
                 Actions
                 and
                 Intelligences
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 any
                 ways
                 suspicious
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 be
                 removed
                 to
                 another
                 Post
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 will
                 want
                 opportunity
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 party
                 to
                 execute
                 his
                 ill
                 Designs
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 prudence
                 and
                 kindness
                 in
                 preventing
                 a
                 Crime
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 forgiving
                 it
                 when
                 committed
                 ;
                 if
                 
                 Germanicus's
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 Applause
                 pleas'd
                 Tiberius
                 on
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 on
                 t'
                 other
                 they
                 made
                 him
                 jealous
                 and
                 uneasie
                 13
                 .
                 And
                 understanding
                 the
                 Commotions
                 in
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 glad
                 of
                 a
                 Pretence
                 ea
                 expose
                 him
                 to
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 by
                 making
                 him
                 Governour
                 of
                 those
                 Provinces
                 14
                 .
                 
                 Now
                 if
                 any
                 Minister
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 removed
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 done
                 under
                 the
                 pretence
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 and
                 before
                 the
                 Reasons
                 are
                 known
                 ,
                 with
                 such
                 prudence
                 as
                 mayn't
                 give
                 him
                 Reason
                 to
                 mistrust
                 the
                 Princes
                 disgust
                 :
                 for
                 as
                 fear
                 of
                 being
                 cheated
                 is
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 be
                 cheated
                 ;
                 so
                 Suspicion
                 of
                 Loyalty
                 makes
                 Traytors
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 Tiberius
                 having
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 recall
                 Germanicus
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 did
                 it
                 under
                 a
                 pretence
                 of
                 a
                 Triumph
                 which
                 he
                 design'd
                 him
                 15
                 ;
                 offering
                 him
                 other
                 Preferments
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Princes
                 are
                 very
                 liberal
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 free
                 themselves
                 from
                 their
                 Jealousies
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 a
                 Subject
                 once
                 loses
                 the
                 Respect
                 he
                 owes
                 his
                 Prince
                 ,
                 after
                 Confidence
                 will
                 never
                 secure
                 him
                 .
                 Sancbo
                 the
                 first
                 King
                 of
                 Leon
                 pardoned
                 Count
                 Gonzalo
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 taken
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 reconcile
                 him
                 by
                 his
                 Favours
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 oblig'd
                 him
                 ,
                 only
                 gave
                 him
                 opportunity
                 to
                 poyson
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Princes
                 are
                 concerned
                 with
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Obligation
                 of
                 Friendship
                 or
                 Affinity
                 ,
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Reason
                 for
                 their
                 trusting
                 each
                 other
                 ;
                 
                   Don
                   Ferdinand
                
                 the
                 great
                 King
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Brother
                 Garcias
                 of
                 Navarre
                 were
                 at
                 difference
                 ;
                 he
                 as
                 he
                 lay
                 sick
                 at
                 Nacar
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 seize
                 his
                 Brother
                 who
                 came
                 to
                 pay
                 him
                 a
                 Visit
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Design
                 not
                 succeeding
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 dissemble
                 his
                 Intent
                 by
                 visiting
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 who
                 caused
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 apprehended
                 *
                 .
                 Revenge
                 and
                 State-Policy
                 is
                 of
                 greater
                 Force
                 than
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 or
                 Consanguinity
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 befel
                 
                   Don
                   Garcias
                
                 King
                 of
                 Galicia
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 trusted
                 his
                 Brother
                 Alonso
                 King
                 of
                 Castile
                 :
                 the
                 most
                 irreconcileable
                 falling
                 out
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 between
                 Relations
                 and
                 dearest
                 Friends
                 16
                 ,
                 and
                 perfect
                 Hatred
                 is
                 the
                 result
                 of
                 perfect
                 Love
                 ;
                 from
                 all
                 which
                 we
                 may
                 infer
                 ,
                 how
                 difficult
                 a
                 thing
                 't
                 is
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 trust
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 it
                 cost
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Granada
                 his
                 Life
                 for
                 going
                 ,
                 though
                 with
                 a
                 Pass
                 port
                 to
                 ask
                 assistance
                 from
                 King
                 Peter
                 the
                 Cruel
                 .
                 
                   Lewis
                   Forza
                
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 was
                 more
                 cautious
                 ,
                 refusing
                 an
                 Interview
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 unless
                 
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 a
                 River
                 ,
                 or
                 upon
                 a
                 broken
                 Bridge
                 .
                 A
                 true
                 piece
                 of
                 Italian
                 Policy
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 trust
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 once
                 shew'd
                 a
                 Jealousie
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 the
                 Italians
                 were
                 much
                 admir'd
                 at
                 the
                 Interview
                 between
                 the
                 great
                 Captain
                 and
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 at
                 that
                 between
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 his
                 Enemy
                 .
                 In
                 some
                 Cases
                 Confidence
                 is
                 more
                 safe
                 and
                 necessary
                 to
                 gain
                 peoples
                 Affections
                 than
                 Distrust
                 .
                 
                   Don
                   Alonso
                
                 VI.
                 having
                 lost
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Leon
                 ,
                 liv'd
                 retir'd
                 at
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Moor
                 ,
                 when
                 upon
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 
                   Don
                   Sancho
                
                 his
                 Sates
                 recalled
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Throne
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 privacy
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 fearing
                 lest
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 by
                 the
                 Moors
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 retain
                 him
                 by
                 force
                 ;
                 he
                 like
                 a
                 prudent
                 and
                 grateful
                 Prince
                 discovered
                 the
                 whole
                 Affair
                 ;
                 this
                 Confidence
                 so
                 oblig'd
                 the
                 Barbarian
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 before
                 understood
                 the
                 Intrigue
                 and
                 design'd
                 to
                 seize
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 let
                 him
                 go
                 free
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 furnished
                 him
                 with
                 Money
                 for
                 his
                 Voyage
                 :
                 See
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 Gratitude
                 which
                 disarms
                 even
                 the
                 most
                 savage
                 Spirits
                 ..
                 *
              
               
                 Distrusts
                 between
                 Princes
                 can't
                 be
                 cur'd
                 by
                 Satisfactions
                 or
                 Excuses
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 their
                 contrary
                 ;
                 if
                 time
                 won't
                 heal
                 them
                 ,
                 diligence
                 never
                 will
                 :
                 these
                 are
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 wounds
                 which
                 the
                 Probe
                 and
                 the
                 Hand
                 does
                 but
                 more
                 exulcerate
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 apparent
                 Jealousies
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 an
                 Introduction
                 to
                 Infidelity
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Scorpion
                 translated
                 to
                 the
                 Skyes
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 among
                 the
                 Constellations
                 loses
                 not
                 its
                 Malignity
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 greater
                 ,
                 by
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 its
                 Power
                 and
                 venomous
                 Influences
                 are
                 extended
                 over
                 things
                 below
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 well
                 consider
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 those
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 raise
                 to
                 places
                 of
                 Trust
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 Vices
                 always
                 thrive
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 Vertue
                 it self
                 is
                 often
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Will
                 being
                 arm'd
                 with
                 Power
                 ,
                 bids
                 defiance
                 to
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 gets
                 the
                 better
                 ;
                 if
                 Vertue
                 have
                 not
                 resolution
                 enough
                 without
                 being
                 dazl'd
                 with
                 the
                 splendour
                 of
                 Riches
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 to
                 resist
                 it
                 .
                 If
                 Promotion
                 makes
                 the
                 good
                 bad
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 bad
                 worse
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 Vice
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Punishments
                 and
                 Infamy
                 that
                 attend
                 it
                 find
                 so
                 many
                 followers
                 ,
                 what
                 will
                 it
                 do
                 when
                 back'd
                 with
                 Favour
                 and
                 Preferments
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 Vice
                 be
                 the
                 ready
                 way
                 to
                 Preferment
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 seek
                 it
                 through
                 the
                 rugged
                 Road
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ?
                 That
                 
                 is
                 inherent
                 to
                 our
                 Natures
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 must
                 be
                 acquir'd
                 by
                 Industry
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 forces
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 expects
                 'em
                 with
                 Patience
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 find
                 the
                 Appetite
                 much
                 better
                 pleas'd
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 Violence
                 than
                 Merit
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 impatient
                 had
                 rather
                 depend
                 upon
                 its
                 own
                 Industry
                 ,
                 than
                 attend
                 the
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Will
                 of
                 another
                 ;
                 to
                 reward
                 the
                 bad
                 ,
                 by
                 promoting
                 them
                 to
                 places
                 of
                 Authority
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 check
                 the
                 vertuous
                 and
                 incourage
                 the
                 vicious
                 .
                 A
                 private
                 Knave
                 while
                 he
                 is
                 private
                 can
                 do
                 no
                 great
                 matter
                 of
                 mischief
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 but
                 an
                 inconsiderable
                 number
                 of
                 private
                 Men
                 ,
                 on
                 whom
                 he
                 can
                 exercise
                 his
                 Villainy
                 ;
                 but
                 promoted
                 to
                 places
                 of
                 Trust
                 ,
                 his
                 Villainy
                 reaches
                 all
                 ,
                 being
                 himself
                 Minister
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 Government
                 at
                 his
                 disposal
                 1
                 ;
                 Villains
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 into
                 places
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 power
                 to
                 exercise
                 their
                 Villainy
                 ,
                 Nature
                 foreseeing
                 this
                 inconvenience
                 ,
                 has
                 given
                 venomous
                 Animals
                 neither
                 feet
                 nor
                 wings
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 do
                 less
                 mischief
                 ?
                 He
                 who
                 furnished
                 Villains
                 with
                 either
                 designs
                 it
                 should
                 either
                 run
                 or
                 fly
                 .
                 But
                 Princes
                 nevertheless
                 usually
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 bad
                 rather
                 than
                 the
                 good
                 ,
                 the
                 former
                 seeming
                 generally
                 more
                 cunning
                 2
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 for
                 Vice
                 is
                 not
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 can
                 have
                 no
                 true
                 Judgment
                 who
                 has
                 no
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 
                   Don
                   Alonso
                
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 and
                 Naples
                 ,
                 commended
                 the
                 prudence
                 of
                 the
                 Romaus
                 ,
                 in
                 building
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Honour
                 within
                 that
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 go
                 into
                 that
                 you
                 must
                 necessarily
                 pass
                 through
                 this
                 ,
                 esteeming
                 him
                 not
                 worthy
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 follower
                 of
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 arrive
                 to
                 Offices
                 and
                 Preferment
                 ,
                 who
                 enter'd
                 not
                 at
                 the
                 Porch
                 of
                 Vertue
                 :
                 Without
                 this
                 how
                 can
                 a
                 Minister
                 be
                 serviceable
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 ?
                 Among
                 a
                 crowd
                 of
                 Vices
                 what
                 room
                 is
                 there
                 for
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 Justice
                 ,
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Vertues
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Commander
                 ?
                 How
                 will
                 the
                 Subject
                 observe
                 those
                 proper
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 wants
                 the
                 example
                 of
                 the
                 Minister
                 ,
                 whose
                 Actions
                 
                 he
                 observes
                 carefully
                 ,
                 and
                 imitates
                 through
                 Flattery
                 ?
                 The
                 people
                 have
                 a
                 respect
                 for
                 a
                 just
                 Minister
                 ,
                 and
                 imagine
                 that
                 he
                 cannot
                 err
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 they
                 never
                 approve
                 and
                 commend
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 one
                 who
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 .
                 Demosthenes
                 spoke
                 very
                 well
                 one
                 day
                 in
                 the
                 Spartan
                 Senate
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 the
                 people
                 look'd
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 vicious
                 person
                 ,
                 they
                 rejected
                 his
                 Counsel
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 it
                 was
                 ordered
                 by
                 the
                 Ephori
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 person
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 better
                 Opinion
                 of
                 should
                 propose
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 received
                 and
                 executed
                 :
                 this
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 is
                 so
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Minister
                 be
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 the
                 Government
                 is
                 not
                 safe
                 in
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 people
                 mis-inform'd
                 think
                 him
                 otherwise
                 .
                 Henry
                 the
                 Vth.
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 at
                 his
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 removed
                 from
                 him
                 all
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 his
                 Companions
                 in
                 his
                 younger
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 turn'd
                 out
                 all
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 putting
                 in
                 their
                 places
                 Men
                 of
                 worth
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 people
                 ;
                 one
                 can
                 impute
                 the
                 Success
                 and
                 Victories
                 of
                 Theodorick
                 ,
                 to
                 nothing
                 but
                 his
                 good
                 Choice
                 of
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 other
                 for
                 his
                 Councellors
                 than
                 Prelates
                 of
                 the
                 strictest
                 Vertues
                 .
                 Ministers
                 are
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 Picture
                 of
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 which
                 since
                 it
                 can't
                 appear
                 every
                 where
                 is
                 represented
                 by
                 them
                 ;
                 who
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 like
                 him
                 as
                 possible
                 in
                 Life
                 and
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Prince
                 cannot
                 of
                 himself
                 exercise
                 in
                 all
                 places
                 ,
                 the
                 Authority
                 which
                 he
                 has
                 received
                 by
                 common
                 Consent
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 take
                 great
                 Care
                 how
                 he
                 shares
                 it
                 amongst
                 his
                 Ministers
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 not
                 born
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 sees
                 himself
                 deck'd
                 with
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 will
                 take
                 Pride
                 in
                 shewing
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 exercising
                 his
                 Authority
                 and
                 Passions
                 3
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 may
                 the
                 Question
                 be
                 decided
                 ;
                 which
                 Nation
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 better
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 where
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ministers
                 bad
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 where
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 bad
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ministers
                 good
                 [
                 for
                 that
                 may
                 happen
                 according
                 to
                 Tacitus
                 ]
                 4
                 for
                 
                 necessity
                 obliging
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 substitute
                 his
                 Power
                 to
                 several
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 bad
                 they
                 will
                 do
                 more
                 Damage
                 to
                 a
                 Nation
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 he
                 never
                 so
                 good
                 can
                 advantage
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 will
                 abuse
                 his
                 Goodness
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 will
                 turn
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 private
                 interest
                 and
                 advantage
                 .
                 A
                 bad
                 Prince
                 may
                 be
                 reformed
                 by
                 many
                 good
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 many
                 bad
                 Ministers
                 by
                 a
                 good
                 Prince
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 imagine
                 a
                 Princes
                 hands
                 are
                 bound
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Liberty
                 infring'd
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 has
                 good
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 vicious
                 the
                 Subjects
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 safer
                 he
                 lives
                 among
                 'em
                 ;
                 a
                 ridiculous
                 and
                 senseless
                 Phancy
                 ,
                 for
                 Vertue
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 thing
                 that
                 keeps
                 Nations
                 in
                 obedience
                 and
                 quiet
                 ,
                 and
                 Nations
                 are
                 never
                 more
                 quiet
                 and
                 firm
                 than
                 when
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 private
                 people
                 live
                 justly
                 and
                 innocently
                 ,
                 and
                 Justice
                 and
                 Clemency
                 flourish
                 abroad
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 govern
                 the
                 good
                 .
                 Without
                 Vertue
                 the
                 Laws
                 lose
                 their
                 force
                 ;
                 the
                 love
                 of
                 Liberty
                 reigns
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 aversion
                 to
                 Government
                 increases
                 ,
                 whence
                 proceed
                 the
                 change
                 of
                 States
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 of
                 Princes
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 necessary
                 then
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 vertuous
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 advise
                 them
                 with
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Affection
                 ,
                 and
                 introduce
                 Vertue
                 into
                 the
                 Nation
                 by
                 their
                 Example
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 integrity
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 held
                 the
                 extreams
                 of
                 both
                 Vertue
                 and
                 Vice
                 equally
                 dangerous
                 to
                 a
                 Minister
                 ,
                 and
                 chose
                 one
                 between
                 both
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 said
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 is
                 properly
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ;
                 if
                 a
                 vertuous
                 Minister
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 one
                 more
                 vertuous
                 is
                 better
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 sufficient
                 for
                 his
                 Ministers
                 to
                 be
                 endued
                 with
                 excellent
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 if
                 those
                 necessary
                 Endowments
                 ,
                 and
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 experience
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 requires
                 are
                 not
                 eminently
                 visible
                 in
                 him
                 :
                 Africk
                 still
                 mourns
                 and
                 shews
                 upon
                 the
                 sooty
                 Faces
                 of
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 the
                 rashness
                 of
                 Phoebus
                 [
                 if
                 we
                 may
                 use
                 the
                 Philosophy
                 and
                 Morality
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 ]
                 in
                 lending
                 his
                 Chariot
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Phaeton
                 ,
                 an
                 unexperienced
                 Youth
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 who
                 did
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 merit
                 such
                 Promotion
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 Danger
                 all
                 Elections
                 carry
                 with
                 'em
                 which
                 are
                 made
                 at
                 a
                 jump
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 gradually
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 Experience
                 teaches
                 'em
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 rise
                 by
                 degrees
                 .
              
               
               
                 Tiberius
                 though
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 never
                 advanc'd
                 his
                 Nephews
                 without
                 this
                 Caution
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 Drusus
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 make
                 a
                 Tribune
                 till
                 after
                 eight
                 years
                 Experience
                 5
                 .
                 Preferment
                 to
                 an
                 unexperienc'd
                 person
                 is
                 Favour
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 Experience
                 a
                 just
                 Reward
                 .
                 Yet
                 is
                 not
                 Experience
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 as
                 neither
                 all
                 Vertues
                 requisite
                 for
                 every
                 Office
                 ;
                 but
                 only
                 those
                 who
                 regard
                 each
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 proper
                 and
                 requisite
                 for
                 one
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 for
                 others
                 :
                 Experience
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 is
                 useless
                 in
                 Affairs
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 knows
                 how
                 to
                 manage
                 a
                 House
                 or
                 ride
                 a
                 Horse
                 ,
                 can
                 also
                 marshal
                 an
                 Army
                 6
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 
                   Lewis
                   Forza
                
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 was
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 to
                 Galeaze
                 St.
                 Severin
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 very
                 dexterous
                 in
                 managing
                 Horses
                 ,
                 but
                 understood
                 little
                 of
                 Affairs
                 of
                 War.
                 Mottathias
                 made
                 a
                 more
                 prudent
                 Choice
                 when
                 seeing
                 himself
                 near
                 his
                 End
                 ,
                 he
                 chose
                 for
                 General
                 
                   Iudas
                   Macchabee
                
                 ,
                 a
                 robust
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 vers'd
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 Counsellor
                 his
                 Brother
                 Simeon
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 Judgment
                 and
                 Experience
                 7
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 we
                 have
                 seen
                 great
                 Errors
                 ,
                 in
                 changing
                 the
                 reins
                 and
                 administration
                 of
                 Governments
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 different
                 in
                 Kingdoms
                 and
                 Common-wealths
                 .
                 Some
                 respect
                 Justice
                 ,
                 others
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 some
                 War
                 ,
                 others
                 Peace
                 ;
                 yet
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 different
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 nevertheless
                 a
                 certain
                 Faculty
                 or
                 civil
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 which
                 unites
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 them
                 all
                 tend
                 one
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 :
                 each
                 aiming
                 at
                 this
                 by
                 means
                 proportion'd
                 to
                 the
                 Office
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 .
                 This
                 civil
                 Vertue
                 is
                 different
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Forms
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 differ
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 means
                 ,
                 and
                 methods
                 of
                 governing
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 a
                 good
                 Minister
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 sufficient
                 that
                 he
                 be
                 endu'd
                 with
                 several
                 moral
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 has
                 also
                 civil
                 ones
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 natural
                 Disposition
                 so
                 proper
                 to
                 Administration
                 and
                 Government
                 .
              
               
               
                 'T
                 is
                 therefore
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 Nature
                 and
                 Inclinations
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 better
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 employ
                 'em
                 ,
                 for
                 upon
                 this
                 good
                 Choice
                 all
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 depend
                 .
                 The
                 Genius
                 of
                 
                   Herman
                   Cortez
                
                 ,
                 was
                 particularly
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 India
                 ;
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Gonzalez
                   Fernandez
                
                 of
                 Cordova
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 Noples
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 exchang'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 sent
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 latter
                 against
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 doubtless
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 so
                 successful
                 .
                 Nature
                 has
                 not
                 given
                 Man
                 a
                 like
                 Qualifications
                 for
                 all
                 things
                 ;
                 but
                 only
                 one
                 excellence
                 for
                 one
                 Office
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 Frugality
                 ,
                 or
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 Instruments
                 do
                 most
                 Service
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 many
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 Aristotle
                 blam'd
                 the
                 Carthagians
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 among
                 them
                 one
                 person
                 officiated
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 Man
                 fit
                 for
                 all
                 8
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 possible
                 [
                 as
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Iustinian
                 remark'd
                 ]
                 9
                 to
                 mind
                 two
                 ,
                 without
                 forgetting
                 one
                 or
                 t'
                 other
                 .
                 A
                 Nation
                 is
                 much
                 better
                 govern'd
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 that
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Ship
                 every
                 Man
                 knows
                 his
                 Birth
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 perhaps
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 be
                 found
                 capable
                 of
                 all
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 it
                 do's
                 not
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 shall
                 be
                 all
                 assign'd
                 him
                 .
                 That
                 great
                 Copper
                 Vessel
                 for
                 Sacrifices
                 called
                 for
                 its
                 largeness
                 a
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 supported
                 by
                 12
                 Oxen
                 before
                 the
                 Altar
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Solomon
                 10
                 contain'd
                 3000
                 measures
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 never
                 put
                 in
                 above
                 2000
                 11
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 convenient
                 to
                 accumulate
                 all
                 Offices
                 and
                 Preferments
                 upon
                 one
                 person
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Envy
                 and
                 Dissatisfaction
                 of
                 all
                 ;
                 but
                 whether
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 persons
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 won't
                 take
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 look
                 for
                 fit
                 Men
                 ,
                 it
                 usually
                 happens
                 that
                 Princes
                 imploy
                 one
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 most
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 about
                 them
                 :
                 In
                 all
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 whence
                 Promotions
                 and
                 Rewards
                 are
                 scarce
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 Emulation
                 grows
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 things
                 move
                 slowly
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 good
                 for
                 two
                 persons
                 to
                 be
                 
                 employed
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 Affair
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 makes
                 it
                 confus'd
                 like
                 a
                 Picture
                 drawn
                 by
                 two
                 hands
                 ,
                 the
                 methods
                 of
                 Painters
                 being
                 always
                 different
                 ,
                 one
                 is
                 quick
                 ,
                 the
                 t'
                 other
                 slow
                 ,
                 one
                 loves
                 Lights
                 ,
                 the
                 t'
                 other
                 is
                 more
                 for
                 Shades
                 .
                 Besides
                 this
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 two
                 should
                 agree
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 Counsels
                 and
                 Methods
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 disagree
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Detriment
                 of
                 the
                 Negotiation
                 and
                 Prince
                 too
                 .
                 These
                 second
                 Causes
                 have
                 each
                 their
                 distinct
                 Office
                 and
                 separate
                 Operations
                 .
                 For
                 my
                 part
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 more
                 adviseable
                 to
                 commit
                 an
                 Office
                 to
                 one
                 person
                 less
                 capable
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 two
                 though
                 more
                 sufficient
                 ;
                 since
                 therefore
                 the
                 good
                 Election
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 so
                 necessary
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Success
                 so
                 difficult
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 adviseable
                 for
                 Princes
                 to
                 relie
                 too
                 much
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 Judgments
                 .
                 Pope
                 Paul
                 the
                 III.
                 and
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 first
                 consulted
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 suffering
                 it
                 as
                 if
                 carelesly
                 to
                 be
                 published
                 before
                 they
                 made
                 their
                 Choice
                 ;
                 the
                 Emperour
                 
                   Alexander
                   Severus
                
                 ,
                 proposed
                 his
                 Choice
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 each
                 person
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 interested
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 might
                 freely
                 declare
                 his
                 thoughts
                 of
                 his
                 Capacity
                 ,
                 or
                 Incapacity
                 12
                 .
                 Though
                 the
                 peoples
                 Approbation
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 to
                 be
                 depended
                 on
                 :
                 Sometimes
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 right
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 wrong
                 13
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 oft
                 deceived
                 in
                 Mens
                 Natures
                 and
                 hidden
                 Vices
                 .
                 Moreover
                 Industry
                 ,
                 Self-interest
                 ,
                 or
                 Malice
                 ,
                 and
                 Emulation
                 spread
                 this
                 Report
                 among
                 the
                 Mob
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 their
                 Favour
                 or
                 otherwise
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 a
                 Ministers
                 behaving
                 himself
                 well
                 in
                 small
                 Offices
                 sufficient
                 to
                 recommend
                 him
                 to
                 greater
                 ,
                 for
                 Preferment
                 makes
                 some
                 more
                 vigorous
                 and
                 active
                 ,
                 others
                 careless
                 and
                 lazy
                 14
                 :
                 much
                 safer
                 was
                 the
                 Diligence
                 of
                 King
                 Philip
                 the
                 II.
                 who
                 carefully
                 observed
                 his
                 Nurseries
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 particular
                 notice
                 what
                 Plants
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 bear
                 ,
                 when
                 transpanted
                 into
                 the
                 civil
                 or
                 Ecclesiastical
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 private
                 Informations
                 
                 of
                 their
                 Behaviour
                 in
                 their
                 Youth
                 ,
                 before
                 Ambition
                 could
                 disguise
                 their
                 Vices
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 grew
                 streight
                 and
                 upright
                 ,
                 or
                 crooked
                 ;
                 and
                 had
                 certain
                 Characters
                 of
                 the
                 Vertues
                 and
                 Vices
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 whence
                 he
                 never
                 made
                 an
                 ill
                 Choice
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 flourished
                 Persons
                 truly
                 valuable
                 ;
                 especially
                 in
                 Ecclesiastical
                 Preferments
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 thought
                 it
                 better
                 to
                 make
                 Choice
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 knew
                 would
                 not
                 deserve
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 punish
                 them
                 afterward
                 15
                 .
                 Happy
                 is
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 room
                 for
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 Petitions
                 ,
                 Prayers
                 ,
                 nor
                 Attendance
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 even
                 concealed
                 Vertue
                 has
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 Petition
                 ,
                 or
                 Recommendation
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 of
                 himself
                 knows
                 the
                 Merits
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 this
                 was
                 formerly
                 spoken
                 in
                 
                 Tiberius's
                 Commendation
                 16
                 .
                 An
                 auricular
                 Commendation
                 depends
                 upon
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 an
                 ocular
                 one
                 not
                 ;
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 deceived
                 ,
                 this
                 rot
                 ;
                 that
                 only
                 informs
                 the
                 mind
                 ,
                 this
                 both
                 informs
                 and
                 moves
                 too
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 forces
                 to
                 Punishment
                 or
                 Rewards
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Countreys
                 have
                 chosen
                 their
                 Ministers
                 by
                 Lots
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 some
                 Cases
                 is
                 not
                 improper
                 ,
                 to
                 decline
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 avoid
                 Contention
                 and
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 often
                 the
                 grounds
                 of
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Seditions
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 a
                 fit
                 person
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 for
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 or
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 upon
                 whom
                 the
                 Government
                 and
                 publick
                 Safety
                 is
                 to
                 depend
                 ,
                 a
                 matter
                 of
                 that
                 Concern
                 ,
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 decided
                 by
                 the
                 uncertainty
                 of
                 Chance
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 pass
                 the
                 Tryal
                 of
                 a
                 due
                 Election
                 For
                 the
                 Lot
                 or
                 Dye
                 weigh's
                 not
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 Desert
                 ,
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 as
                 Counsels
                 do
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 things
                 are
                 examined
                 by
                 weight
                 and
                 measure
                 17
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 all
                 Counsels
                 are
                 usually
                 guided
                 by
                 Interest
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 may
                 make
                 a
                 good
                 Choice
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 takes
                 Care
                 privately
                 to
                 inform
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Parties
                 Qualifications
                 and
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 the
                 ends
                 which
                 his
                 Councellors
                 propose
                 in
                 promoting
                 
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 a
                 Prince
                 blindly
                 approves
                 all
                 Proposals
                 ,
                 these
                 above-mentioned
                 Inconveniencies
                 will
                 attend
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 his
                 Counsellors
                 see
                 that
                 he
                 examines
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 does
                 not
                 always
                 admit
                 the
                 Persons
                 propos'd
                 ,
                 but
                 chooses
                 others
                 more
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 advise
                 with
                 greater
                 Care
                 and
                 Deliberation
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Thebans
                 represented
                 the
                 Integrity
                 of
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Statue
                 without
                 hands
                 :
                 for
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 shut
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Avarice
                 ,
                 when
                 open
                 its
                 Instruments
                 .
                 This
                 Garden
                 represents
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 by
                 these
                 Statues
                 without
                 Arms
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 at
                 the
                 corners
                 of
                 each
                 Walk
                 ,
                 like
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Walks
                 at
                 Rome
                 ;
                 nor
                 are
                 there
                 any
                 better
                 Guards
                 
                 than
                 these
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 have
                 eyes
                 to
                 watch
                 the
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 but
                 want
                 Arms
                 to
                 gather
                 them
                 ;
                 if
                 all
                 Ministers
                 were
                 like
                 these
                 Statues
                 ,
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 secure
                 ,
                 and
                 Nations
                 better
                 governed
                 ,
                 especially
                 Commonwealths
                 ,
                 whose
                 Revenues
                 are
                 looked
                 upon
                 as
                 common
                 ,
                 every
                 Magistrate
                 believing
                 it
                 no
                 Crime
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 fortune
                 out
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 one
                 accuses
                 t'other
                 to
                 excuse
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 wink
                 at
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Vice
                 being
                 like
                 Fire
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 matter
                 that
                 should
                 quench
                 it
                 is
                 nourished
                 and
                 burns
                 fierce
                 1
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 get
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 desire
                 2
                 ,
                 and
                 Avarice
                 once
                 glutted
                 with
                 the
                 publick
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 then
                 Attacks
                 private
                 persons
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 wholly
                 confound
                 the
                 principal
                 end
                 of
                 Society
                 which
                 is
                 common
                 Perservation
                 .
                 Where
                 Avarice
                 reigns
                 ,
                 Peace
                 and
                 Quiet
                 is
                 banished
                 ;
                 all
                 things
                 are
                 in
                 disorder
                 and
                 confusion
                 ;
                 nothing
                 but
                 Jars
                 ,
                 Seditions
                 and
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 the
                 Forms
                 of
                 Government
                 are
                 changed
                 ,
                 and
                 Empires
                 run
                 to
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 as
                 most
                 have
                 been
                 lost
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 .
                 Avarice
                 drove
                 the
                 Phoenicians
                 out
                 of
                 Spain
                 *
                 ▪
                 that
                 made
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 foretell
                 the
                 downfall
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 of
                 Sparta
                 .
                 God
                 warn'd
                 Moses
                 to
                 choose
                 persons
                 into
                 places
                 of
                 Trust
                 who
                 hated
                 Covetousness
                 3
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 impossible
                 that
                 State
                 should
                 be
                 govern'd
                 well
                 whose
                 Ministers
                 are
                 covetous
                 ;
                 for
                 how
                 can
                 he
                 who
                 Plunders
                 every
                 Body
                 rightly
                 administer
                 Justice
                 ?
                 How
                 will
                 he
                 procure
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 whose
                 whole
                 Gain
                 is
                 starving
                 others
                 ?
                 How
                 can
                 he
                 love
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 who
                 thinks
                 of
                 nothink
                 but
                 robbing
                 on
                 't
                 ?
                 How
                 can
                 he
                 whose
                 mind
                 runs
                 upon
                 nothing
                 but
                 filling
                 his
                 Chests
                 ,
                 mind
                 Affairs
                 of
                 State
                 ?
                 How
                 will
                 he
                 indeavour
                 to
                 merit
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 his
                 own
                 Pay-Master
                 ?
                 Nothing
                 succeeds
                 well
                 when
                 Self-interest
                 manages
                 .
                 For
                 Interest
                 is
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 Duty
                 or
                 Honour
                 .
                 Nothing
                 great
                 or
                 glorious
                 is
                 enterpriz'd
                 without
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 mean
                 ,
                 abject
                 ,
                 covetous
                 Spirit
                 has
                 no
                 value
                 for
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 scarce
                 any
                 Crime
                 but
                 proceeds
                 from
                 Avarice
                 or
                 Ambition
                 4
                 .
                 Nothing
                 makes
                 Rebels
                 sooner
                 than
                 the
                 fraud
                 
                 and
                 corruption
                 of
                 the
                 Ministers
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 first
                 moved
                 by
                 their
                 particular
                 Damages
                 ,
                 then
                 by
                 the
                 common
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 then
                 by
                 Envy
                 against
                 those
                 who
                 commit
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 Hatred
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 that
                 suffers
                 it
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 knows
                 it
                 not
                 ,
                 they
                 accuse
                 him
                 of
                 Incapacity
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 tolerates
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 he
                 's
                 remiss
                 and
                 negligent
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 permits
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 's
                 an
                 Accomplice
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 wishes
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Authors
                 being
                 glutted
                 like
                 Spunges
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 take
                 occasion
                 to
                 squeeze
                 'em
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 .
                 O
                 unhappy
                 Prince
                 and
                 State
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Ministers
                 don't
                 thrive
                 but
                 by
                 their
                 Ruine
                 .
                 Nor
                 would
                 I
                 have
                 Ministers
                 so
                 nice
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 〈◊〉
                 ●e●sents
                 in
                 general
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 incivility
                 to
                 receive
                 none
                 ;
                 many
                 ,
                 S●●●dness
                 ;
                 all
                 ,
                 Covetousness
                 .
              
               
                 Avarice
                 in
                 Princes
                 is
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 States
                 5
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 people
                 can't
                 bear
                 to
                 see
                 their
                 Estates
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 him
                 whom
                 they
                 choose
                 to
                 preserve
                 'em
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 seeing
                 this
                 pretended
                 Defender
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 Arms
                 himself
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 streight
                 look
                 out
                 for
                 another
                 :
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 what
                 can
                 a
                 Subject
                 hope
                 for
                 from
                 a
                 covetous
                 Prince
                 ?
                 For
                 this
                 Vice
                 even
                 Children
                 hate
                 their
                 Parents
                 .
                 Where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Prospect
                 of
                 Interest
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Love
                 nor
                 Obedience
                 ;
                 that
                 Government
                 is
                 Tyrannick
                 which
                 respects
                 Self-interest
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 publick
                 Good.
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 said
                 :
                 
                   That
                   a
                   King
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   covet
                   abundance
                   of
                   Riches
                   only
                   to
                   fill
                   his
                   Treasury
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   do
                   good
                   with
                   them
                   ;
                   for
                   't
                   is
                   impossible
                   but
                   he
                   who
                   does
                   so
                   ,
                   must
                   use
                   indirect
                   means
                   to
                   gain
                   'em
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   beneath
                   the
                   Dignity
                   of
                   a
                   Prince
                
                 *
                 ;
                 the
                 Holy
                 Writ
                 compares
                 a
                 covetous
                 Prince
                 who
                 unjustly
                 usurps
                 his
                 Subjects
                 Estates
                 to
                 a
                 roaring
                 Lyon
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 hungry
                 Bear
                 6
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Actions
                 to
                 a
                 Spiders
                 Web
                 which
                 perishes
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 a
                 Vineyard-Keeper's
                 Arbour
                 ,
                 which
                 lasts
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 7
                 ;
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 ill
                 got
                 is
                 soon
                 spent
                 How
                 like
                 Spiders
                 are
                 some
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 spin
                 their
                 Web
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 Bowels
                 ,
                 griping
                 and
                 draining
                 their
                 Subjects
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 own
                 fortune
                 from
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 weave
                 Nets
                 which
                 soon
                 break
                 and
                 deceive
                 their
                 hopes
                 8
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 are
                 several
                 Remedies
                 against
                 this
                 Vice
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 are
                 those
                 which
                 prevent
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 once
                 Nature
                 is
                 tainted
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 Difficulty
                 cured
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 our
                 last
                 shift
                 .
                 If
                 Princes
                 are
                 naturally
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 kept
                 from
                 seeing
                 or
                 feeling
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 possible
                 ,
                 for
                 Avarice
                 like
                 Love
                 enters
                 at
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 easie
                 to
                 order
                 a
                 Payment
                 than
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 ones
                 self
                 .
                 The
                 Ministers
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 too
                 should
                 be
                 generous
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 prompt
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 enrich
                 himself
                 by
                 sordid
                 and
                 unworthy
                 Methods
                 ;
                 to
                 prevent
                 also
                 Avarice
                 in
                 the
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 Care
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 that
                 Offices
                 and
                 Places
                 be
                 not
                 bought
                 and
                 sold
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Commodus
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 buys
                 'em
                 sells
                 'em
                 too
                 ;
                 this
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Severus
                 knew
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 .
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 who
                 used
                 this
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 but
                 has
                 been
                 since
                 ill
                 observ'd
                 by
                 his
                 Successours
                 .
                 It
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Province
                 ,
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 bought
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 plunder'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Judgment
                 should
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 bidder
                 at
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 approached
                 but
                 by
                 Golden
                 steps
                 9
                 .
                 Castile
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 finds
                 the
                 misfortune
                 of
                 these
                 Methods
                 in
                 the
                 Governments
                 of
                 their
                 Cities
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 sold
                 ,
                 against
                 a
                 Statute
                 made
                 by
                 common
                 Consent
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                   Don
                   John
                
                 II.
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 for
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 given
                 to
                 none
                 but
                 whom
                 the
                 Kings
                 should
                 nominate
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 necessary
                 besides
                 to
                 settle
                 a
                 competent
                 Salary
                 upon
                 each
                 Office
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 incumbent
                 may
                 live
                 handsomely
                 upon
                 ;
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Method
                 of
                 
                   Don
                   Alonso
                
                 IX
                 ▪
                 giving
                 sufficient
                 Salaries
                 to
                 his
                 Judges
                 ,
                 and
                 severely
                 punishing
                 those
                 whom
                 he
                 found
                 guilty
                 of
                 Bribery
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 was
                 practis'd
                 by
                 their
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 and
                 Isabella
                 ,
                 who
                 reduced
                 Lawyers
                 Fees
                 to
                 a
                 certainty
                 *
                 .
              
               
                 Magistrates
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 suffer'd
                 to
                 Traffick
                 or
                 Merchandize
                 10
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 'll
                 never
                 give
                 good
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 
                 see
                 is
                 against
                 their
                 Gain
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 people
                 is
                 better
                 satisfied
                 with
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Preferment
                 which
                 are
                 conferr'd
                 on
                 others
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 Gain
                 and
                 Profit
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 incens'd
                 and
                 apt
                 to
                 rebel
                 when
                 they
                 see
                 themselves
                 rob'd
                 of
                 both
                 11
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 this
                 Cause
                 the
                 Feuds
                 between
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Commonalty
                 of
                 Genoua
                 may
                 be
                 attributed
                 .
                 Offices
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 poor
                 and
                 needy
                 Persons
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Poverty
                 exposes
                 'em
                 too
                 much
                 to
                 Corruption
                 and
                 Bribery
                 .
                 In
                 an
                 Election
                 in
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 for
                 a
                 Governour
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 the
                 Dispute
                 lay
                 between
                 
                   Sulpicius
                   Galba
                
                 and
                 
                   Aurelius
                   Cotta
                   ,
                   Scipio
                
                 being
                 asked
                 his
                 Opinion
                 reply'd
                 ,
                 
                   He
                   lik'd
                   neither
                   ,
                   one
                   for
                   having
                   nothing
                   ,
                   and
                   t'other
                   for
                   that
                   he
                   had
                   never
                   enough
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 always
                 Elected
                 rich
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 and
                 Aristotle
                 gives
                 this
                 Reason
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 for
                 a
                 poor
                 one
                 to
                 govern
                 justly
                 or
                 peaceably
                 12
                 ?
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 in
                 Spain
                 we
                 have
                 had
                 several
                 able
                 States-men
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 poor
                 into
                 Office
                 and
                 went
                 poor
                 out
                 .
              
               
                 Ministers
                 who
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 Family
                 are
                 very
                 burthensome
                 to
                 their
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 Men
                 of
                 Integrity
                 themselves
                 ,
                 yet
                 their
                 Retinue
                 mayn't
                 be
                 so
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 carry
                 their
                 Wives
                 into
                 their
                 Governments
                 13
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Persia
                 generally
                 prefer'd
                 Eunuchs
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 places
                 of
                 Trust
                 14
                 ,
                 because
                 being
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 trouble
                 of
                 Wives
                 ,
                 and
                 Cares
                 of
                 providing
                 ▪
                 for
                 Children
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 more
                 careful
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 chargeable
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 are
                 too
                 much
                 addicted
                 to
                 Self-interest
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 raising
                 their
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 are
                 very
                 dangerous
                 in
                 publick
                 Offices
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 some
                 do
                 strive
                 to
                 raise
                 themselves
                 by
                 Merit
                 and
                 Renown
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 generally
                 think
                 it
                 the
                 surest
                 way
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 by
                 Riches
                 ,
                 without
                 waiting
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Gratuities
                 from
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 usually
                 most
                 sparing
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 deserves
                 most
                 .
                 Lucullus
                 the
                 Consul
                 whom
                 Want
                 made
                 covetous
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 Avarice
                 cruel
                 ,
                 brought
                 an
                 unjust
                 War
                 upon
                 Spain
                 only
                 to
                 enrich
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 Residents
                 in
                 Courts
                 after
                 Imployments
                 are
                 over
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 effectual
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 fear
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 losing
                 this
                 ill
                 gotten
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 of
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Severity
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 no
                 Favour
                 ,
                 nor
                 should
                 it
                 be
                 bought
                 off
                 by
                 resounding
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Sergius
                   Galba
                
                 the
                 Praetor
                 did
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 accused
                 of
                 Treachery
                 to
                 the
                 Portugueze
                 .
                 If
                 all
                 the
                 Chairs
                 of
                 Justice
                 were
                 cover'd
                 with
                 the
                 Skins
                 of
                 corrupt
                 Judges
                 ,
                 as
                 Cambyses
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 order'd
                 ,
                 and
                 since
                 him
                 Roger
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 certainly
                 Justice
                 and
                 Integrity
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 strictly
                 observed
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LIV.
                 
                 
              
               
                 LIBERTY
                 is
                 natural
                 to
                 Men
                 ;
                 obedience
                 forced
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 Arbitrary
                 ,
                 this
                 guided
                 by
                 Reason
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 Contraries
                 ,
                 and
                 continually
                 jarring
                 against
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 
                 whence
                 proceed
                 Rebellions
                 and
                 Treasons
                 against
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 no
                 Government
                 can
                 consist
                 ,
                 unless
                 some
                 commanded
                 and
                 others
                 obeyed
                 1
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 would
                 be
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 depend
                 on
                 none
                 but
                 himself
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 impossible
                 ,
                 he
                 imagines
                 his
                 Liberty
                 consists
                 in
                 changing
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 Government
                 :
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 misfortune
                 that
                 can
                 befall
                 States
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 often
                 the
                 chief
                 Cause
                 of
                 their
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 't
                 is
                 highly
                 necessary
                 to
                 use
                 such
                 methods
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 this
                 Lust
                 after
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 humane
                 Ambition
                 being
                 removed
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 immediate
                 Administration
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 kept
                 under
                 by
                 reason
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 supream
                 Authority
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Princes
                 Property
                 should
                 be
                 granted
                 to
                 none
                 else
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 exposes
                 Loyalty
                 to
                 evident
                 Danger
                 ;
                 who
                 grants
                 any
                 one
                 a
                 Power
                 too
                 absolute
                 .
                 The
                 Royal
                 Crown
                 put
                 upon
                 a
                 Subjects
                 Head
                 ,
                 tho'
                 but
                 in
                 jest
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 him
                 proud
                 and
                 think
                 himself
                 above
                 what
                 he
                 is
                 .
                 The
                 mind
                 of
                 a
                 Subject
                 should
                 not
                 experience
                 this
                 Royal
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 reigning
                 ,
                 for
                 afterwards
                 abusing
                 it
                 he
                 usurps
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 mayn't
                 return
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 Plots
                 and
                 contrives
                 his
                 Ruine
                 ;
                 the
                 Divine
                 Writ
                 in
                 one
                 Chapter
                 gives
                 us
                 Examples
                 of
                 Kings
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 by
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 raised
                 them
                 too
                 high
                 .
                 Solomon
                 for
                 all
                 his
                 Wisdom
                 fell
                 into
                 this
                 misfortune
                 and
                 ran
                 the
                 same
                 Risque
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 made
                 Ieroboam
                 President
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Customs
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Ioseph
                 2
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 read
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 Impudence
                 to
                 lift
                 up
                 his
                 hand
                 against
                 his
                 King
                 3
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 then
                 take
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 Maxim
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 promote
                 one
                 too
                 much
                 above
                 others
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 not
                 be
                 one
                 but
                 several
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 Balance
                 one
                 another
                 and
                 mutually
                 keep
                 each
                 other
                 in
                 their
                 Devoir
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 reciprocal
                 Examination
                 of
                 one
                 anothers
                 Actions
                 and
                 Designs
                 4
                 .
                 The
                 Emperour
                 Ferdinand
                 II.
                 did
                 not
                 sufficiently
                 observe
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 
                 gave
                 the
                 absolute
                 Command
                 of
                 his
                 Armies
                 ,
                 and
                 Provinces
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Fridland
                 ,
                 whence
                 sprang
                 so
                 many
                 misfortunes
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 the
                 rest
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 that
                 great
                 Man
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 meerly
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 too
                 much
                 Power
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 Princes
                 be
                 deceived
                 by
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 Pharaoh
                 ,
                 who
                 committed
                 all
                 his
                 Power
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Ioseph
                 ,
                 who
                 preserv'd
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 5
                 ;
                 for
                 Ioseph
                 was
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Christ
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 very
                 few
                 Ioseph's
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 now
                 adays
                 .
                 Each
                 would
                 depend
                 upon
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 upon
                 the
                 Body
                 ;
                 which
                 this
                 present
                 Emblem
                 represents
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Branch
                 encircled
                 with
                 a
                 wicker
                 Basket
                 filled
                 with
                 Earth
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Gardiners
                 use
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 by
                 degrees
                 takes
                 root
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 insensibly
                 ,
                 becomes
                 a
                 Tree
                 independant
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 respect
                 to
                 its
                 Greatness
                 .
                 This
                 Example
                 shews
                 the
                 Danger
                 in
                 making
                 Governments
                 of
                 Provinces
                 perpetual
                 ,
                 for
                 Ambition
                 having
                 once
                 taken
                 root
                 ,
                 claims
                 'em
                 as
                 its
                 Property
                 ,
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 so
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 command
                 ,
                 will
                 afterwards
                 scarce
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 obey
                 .
                 France
                 shews
                 us
                 many
                 Examples
                 of
                 this
                 written
                 in
                 its
                 own
                 Blood.
                 Even
                 God's
                 Ministers
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Heaven
                 are
                 liable
                 to
                 slip
                 6
                 ,
                 the
                 Perpetuity
                 of
                 great
                 Offices
                 is
                 an
                 Alienation
                 from
                 the
                 Crown
                 ;
                 the
                 Scepter
                 will
                 be
                 useless
                 and
                 of
                 no
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 stand
                 in
                 awe
                 of
                 that
                 very
                 Power
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 so
                 prodigal
                 of
                 :
                 Liberality
                 will
                 want
                 a
                 Dowry
                 ,
                 and
                 Vertue
                 a
                 Reward
                 .
                 The
                 Minister
                 becomes
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 which
                 he
                 is
                 sure
                 of
                 for
                 Life
                 ;
                 that
                 Prince
                 whom
                 he
                 sees
                 preserves
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 he
                 respects
                 as
                 his
                 Master
                 ,
                 but
                 him
                 who
                 does
                 not
                 he
                 despises
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 rebells
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 Therefore
                 
                   Iulius
                   Caesar
                
                 limited
                 the
                 Pretorship
                 to
                 one
                 Year
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Consulship
                 to
                 two
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Charles
                 V.
                 advised
                 his
                 Son
                 Philip
                 II.
                 not
                 to
                 continue
                 Ministers
                 in
                 Office
                 too
                 long
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 places
                 Military
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 greatest
                 to
                 persons
                 of
                 mean
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 Embassy's
                 to
                 the
                 rich
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 weaken
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 The
                 Bravery
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Captain
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 made
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 suspect
                 him
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 recall'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 then
                 wholly
                 mistrust
                 him
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 he
                 
                 would
                 no
                 longer
                 hazard
                 his
                 Loyalty
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Continuation
                 of
                 the
                 Vice-Royship
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 that
                 great
                 Politician
                 Tiberius
                 continued
                 Ministers
                 in
                 Posts
                 all
                 their
                 Life-time
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 was
                 upon
                 such
                 Tyrannick
                 Considerations
                 ,
                 as
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Thoughts
                 of
                 a
                 prudent
                 and
                 just
                 Prince
                 7
                 .
                 Princes
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 take
                 advice
                 from
                 Nature
                 ,
                 the
                 Mistress
                 of
                 true
                 Politicks
                 ;
                 who
                 does
                 not
                 allow
                 its
                 Celestial
                 Ministers
                 of
                 light
                 a
                 perpetual
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 but
                 certain
                 fixt
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 Motion
                 and
                 Reigns
                 of
                 the
                 Planets
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 mayn't
                 lose
                 the
                 right
                 of
                 disposing
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 prevent
                 ,
                 the
                 usurping
                 her
                 Authority
                 and
                 Power
                 ;
                 besides
                 she
                 considers
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Earth
                 would
                 be
                 ruined
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 always
                 be
                 governed
                 by
                 the
                 Melancholy
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 heat
                 and
                 fury
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 severity
                 of
                 Iupiter
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 subtilty
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 levity
                 of
                 Venus
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 inconstancy
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 removals
                 of
                 this
                 Nature
                 great
                 Care
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 that
                 Ministers
                 should
                 not
                 take
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 slur
                 upon
                 their
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 removed
                 from
                 greater
                 to
                 lesser
                 Places
                 ,
                 for
                 since
                 there
                 are
                 not
                 many
                 ,
                 that
                 Minister
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 has
                 been
                 employ'd
                 in
                 the
                 highest
                 ,
                 would
                 refuse
                 to
                 Officiate
                 in
                 lower
                 Places
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 Reason
                 requires
                 that
                 Rewards
                 should
                 be
                 equal
                 to
                 Deserts
                 ;
                 yet
                 in
                 this
                 Point
                 the
                 Subjects
                 reason
                 should
                 be
                 guided
                 by
                 the
                 Princes
                 interest
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 publick
                 Advantage
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Case
                 ;
                 [
                 not
                 that
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 into
                 any
                 inferior
                 Post
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Contempt
                 or
                 Disgrace
                 ]
                 for
                 so
                 the
                 importance
                 of
                 the
                 Negotiation
                 makes
                 amends
                 for
                 the
                 meannes●
                 of
                 the
                 Office.
                 
              
               
                 If
                 any
                 Offices
                 may
                 be
                 continued
                 long
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 Embassies●
                 for
                 their
                 Business
                 is
                 only
                 to
                 intercede
                 ,
                 not
                 Command
                 ;
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 Orders
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 negotiate
                 ;
                 at
                 their
                 Departure
                 all
                 Acquaintance
                 with
                 their
                 native
                 Countrey
                 dies
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Intimacy
                 with
                 the
                 Prince
                 with
                 whom
                 they
                 negotiate
                 and
                 
                 his
                 Ministers
                 cease
                 .
                 Forts
                 and
                 Garrisons
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 Keys
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 immediate
                 Power
                 and
                 Disposal
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 King
                 Sancho
                 was
                 ill
                 advised
                 ,
                 when
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Minority
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 
                   Don
                   Alonso
                
                 III.
                 he
                 order'd
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 Governours
                 of
                 Cities
                 to
                 remain
                 till
                 his
                 Son
                 was
                 fifteen
                 years
                 old
                 ,
                 which
                 occasioned
                 many
                 grievous
                 Calamities
                 to
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 other
                 Offices
                 let
                 'em
                 be
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 too
                 long
                 continuance
                 makes
                 the
                 Ministers
                 proud
                 ,
                 and
                 endangers
                 their
                 Loyalty
                 :
                 This
                 Tiberius
                 knew
                 though
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 practise
                 8
                 .
                 Vertue
                 is
                 tired
                 by
                 Industry
                 and
                 Expectation
                 ;
                 yet
                 should
                 not
                 Offices
                 be
                 of
                 too
                 short
                 continuance
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Minister
                 can
                 reap
                 no
                 benefit
                 or
                 experience
                 in
                 'em
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 him
                 too
                 ravenous
                 like
                 Hawks
                 in
                 Norway
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 shortness
                 of
                 the
                 day
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 troublesome
                 and
                 dangerous
                 times
                 ,
                 publick
                 Offices
                 and
                 places
                 of
                 Trust
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 continu'd
                 longer
                 ,
                 least
                 they
                 should
                 upon
                 removal
                 be
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 raw
                 ,
                 unexperienced
                 Persons
                 .
                 So
                 Augustus
                 did
                 upon
                 the
                 defeat
                 of
                 
                   Quintilius
                   Varus
                
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Doctrine
                 of
                 Ministers
                 being
                 continued
                 in
                 Offices
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 understood
                 of
                 those
                 supream
                 Offices
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 Justice
                 .
                 But
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 fixt
                 and
                 continued
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 their
                 Experience
                 and
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 Affairs
                 depending
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 kinds
                 of
                 Offices
                 are
                 in
                 Governments
                 like
                 the
                 Poles
                 in
                 the
                 Heavens
                 ,
                 about
                 which
                 the
                 lesser
                 Orbs
                 move
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 chang'd
                 or
                 removed
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Universe
                 would
                 be
                 endanger'd
                 by
                 the
                 disorder
                 of
                 its
                 natural
                 Motions
                 .
                 Solon
                 knew
                 this
                 Inconveniency
                 in
                 the
                 four
                 hundred
                 Senatours
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 yearly
                 Elected
                 by
                 Lot
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 established
                 a
                 Senate
                 of
                 Sixty
                 worthy
                 Men
                 who
                 were
                 called
                 Areopagites
                 ,
                 and
                 while
                 this
                 continu'd
                 the
                 Republick
                 flourished
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 moreover
                 very
                 dangerous
                 to
                 commit
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 during
                 the
                 Minority
                 ,
                 to
                 persons
                 who
                 have
                 any
                 Pretentio●s
                 thereto
                 ,
                 though
                 
                 never
                 so
                 unjust
                 ;
                 so
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 in
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Imprudence
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 committed
                 the
                 Government
                 to
                 Sancho
                 Duke
                 of
                 Roussillon
                 ,
                 until
                 King
                 Iames
                 I.
                 came
                 to
                 age
                 .
                 Those
                 Persons
                 who
                 have
                 no
                 manner
                 of
                 Pretention
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 Birth
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Cause
                 ,
                 often
                 thirst
                 after
                 it
                 ;
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 then
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 Pictures
                 and
                 Images
                 see
                 their
                 Ancestours
                 brows
                 incircled
                 with
                 it
                 ?
              
               
                 This
                 Age
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 pass'd
                 gives
                 us
                 many
                 deplorable
                 Examples
                 of
                 Relations
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 treacherously
                 usurped
                 Kingdoms
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 entrusted
                 with
                 .
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Blood
                 are
                 more
                 prone
                 to
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 they
                 never
                 want
                 means
                 to
                 accomplish
                 their
                 Designs
                 .
                 Few
                 can
                 be
                 perswad'd
                 of
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 that
                 Law
                 ,
                 which
                 prefers
                 Birth
                 to
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 thinks
                 he
                 better
                 deserves
                 a
                 Crown
                 ,
                 than
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 this
                 Reason
                 should
                 be
                 of
                 force
                 in
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 from
                 his
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 who
                 hoping
                 to
                 participate
                 of
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 strive
                 to
                 procure
                 it
                 by
                 violent
                 means
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 raise
                 Jealousies
                 amongst
                 his
                 Relations
                 .
                 If
                 King
                 Philip
                 had
                 any
                 Jealousie
                 of
                 
                   Don
                   John
                
                 of
                 Austria
                 they
                 flow'd
                 from
                 this
                 Spring
                 .
                 A
                 glorious
                 Example
                 of
                 this
                 Policy
                 we
                 find
                 in
                 the
                 Infant
                 Ferdinand
                 refusing
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Right
                 of
                 his
                 Nephew
                 
                   Don
                   John
                
                 II.
                 by
                 which
                 generous
                 Recusance
                 of
                 that
                 Crown
                 on
                 Earth
                 he
                 merited
                 many
                 more
                 in
                 Heaven
                 .
                 The
                 generous
                 Loyalty
                 which
                 the
                 Infants
                 of
                 that
                 Name
                 have
                 paid
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 their
                 Race
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 an
                 ancient
                 Date
                 .
                 Nor
                 do
                 we
                 find
                 less
                 in
                 this
                 present
                 Infant
                 towards
                 the
                 present
                 King
                 ,
                 whose
                 Respect
                 and
                 Obedience
                 is
                 more
                 like
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Subject
                 than
                 of
                 a
                 Brother
                 .
                 The
                 heavenly
                 Spheres
                 pay
                 not
                 a
                 more
                 ready
                 Obedience
                 to
                 the
                 first
                 mover
                 ,
                 than
                 his
                 Highness
                 does
                 to
                 his
                 Majestys
                 Will.
                 O
                 truly
                 Noble
                 Prince
                 ,
                 whose
                 glorious
                 Birth
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 greatest
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 is
                 yet
                 the
                 least
                 of
                 his
                 Excellencies
                 ,
                 the
                 Effect
                 of
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 time
                 of
                 such
                 troublesome
                 and
                 tedious
                 Wars
                 ,
                 which
                 strain'd
                 the
                 very
                 Axle-tree
                 and
                 Poles
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 us
                 up
                 an
                 Atlas
                 to
                 support
                 it
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 Conduct
                 and
                 Prudence
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LV.
                 
                 
              
               
                 ARISTOTLE
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 instruct
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Qualities
                 of
                 Counsellours
                 compared
                 them
                 to
                 Eyes
                 ;
                 which
                 comparison
                 
                   Don
                   Alonso
                
                 the
                 Wise
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 his
                 Books
                 of
                 Laws
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 this
                 thought
                 new
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Persia
                 and
                 Babylon
                 call'd
                 'em
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 their
                 Ears
                 and
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Offices
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 officiated
                 :
                 The
                 seven
                 Spirits
                 God's
                 Ministers
                 sent
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 a
                 Lamb
                 without
                 spot
                 or
                 blemish
                 1
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 who
                 ought
                 to
                 see
                 and
                 comprehend
                 so
                 many
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 all
                 Eyes
                 and
                 all
                 Ears
                 2
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 he
                 can't
                 be
                 so
                 ,
                 he
                 must
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Ears
                 of
                 other
                 .
                 Whence
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 
                 Prince
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 prudent
                 and
                 intelligent
                 ,
                 but
                 ha●
                 occasion
                 for
                 Ministers
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 Ears
                 and
                 Hands
                 3
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 not
                 of
                 small
                 advantage
                 to
                 him
                 ▪
                 if
                 he
                 knows
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 right
                 use
                 on
                 't
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 thi●
                 means
                 he
                 sees
                 with
                 every
                 Body's
                 eyes
                 ,
                 hears
                 with
                 their
                 Ears
                 ▪
                 and
                 takes
                 advise
                 from
                 them
                 all
                 4
                 .
                 The
                 Aegyptians
                 mean●
                 this
                 by
                 the
                 Eye
                 which
                 they
                 placed
                 upon
                 their
                 Scepter
                 ▪
                 for
                 Counsels
                 are
                 the
                 Eyes
                 by
                 which
                 we
                 inspect
                 Futurity
                 5
                 .
                 This
                 Ieremiah
                 seem'd
                 to
                 allude
                 to
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   Virga●
                   vigilantem
                   ego
                   video
                
                 6
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 present
                 Emblem
                 you
                 see
                 a
                 Scepter
                 full
                 of
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 inspect
                 all
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 by
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 wonder'd
                 at
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 place
                 the
                 Ministers
                 in
                 the
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 for
                 formerly
                 their
                 Names
                 were
                 engrave
                 on
                 the
                 Crowns
                 of
                 the
                 Emperours
                 and
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 nor
                 without
                 Reason
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 shine
                 brighter
                 than
                 the
                 Diadems
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Eyes
                 sufficiently
                 shews
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 that
                 a
                 Minister
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 endued
                 with
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 the
                 Sight
                 extends
                 to
                 all
                 things
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 ,
                 so
                 should
                 the
                 active
                 Spirit
                 of
                 the
                 Counsellour
                 inspect
                 all
                 things
                 present
                 ,
                 past
                 and
                 future
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 make
                 a
                 right
                 Judgment
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 a
                 true
                 Opinion
                 of
                 all
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 which
                 can't
                 be
                 done
                 without
                 much
                 Reading
                 ,
                 great
                 Experience
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 continual
                 Commerce
                 with
                 foreign
                 Countries
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 the
                 Counsellours
                 ben't
                 perfectly
                 versed
                 in
                 the
                 Princes
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Manners
                 and
                 Genius
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 they
                 'll
                 ruine
                 both
                 themselves
                 and
                 the
                 Government
                 7
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 know
                 this
                 requires
                 use
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Eyes
                 don't
                 know
                 things
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 never
                 seen
                 ;
                 he
                 who
                 has
                 had
                 Experience
                 and
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 will
                 readily
                 find
                 Expedients
                 and
                 Remedies
                 8
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 is
                 such
                 a
                 correspondence
                 between
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Heart
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Affections
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 immediately
                 strikes
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 when
                 this
                 is
                 sad
                 they
                 weep
                 ,
                 when
                 this
                 glad
                 they
                 smile
                 ;
                 if
                 the
                 Counsellour
                 has
                 not
                 a
                 particular
                 Esteem
                 for
                 his
                 Prince
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 take
                 but
                 little
                 care
                 of
                 his
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 therefore
                 very
                 little
                 to
                 be
                 trusted
                 ,
                 so
                 said
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 :
                 
                   *
                   That
                   Councellours
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Princes
                   true
                   Friends
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   he
                   would
                   be
                   in
                   great
                   Danger
                   ,
                   for
                   those
                   who
                   hate
                   a
                   Person
                   will
                   never
                   advise
                   him
                   cordially
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Eye
                 won't
                 suffer
                 the
                 Finger
                 to
                 touch
                 its
                 inside
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 its
                 approach
                 immediately
                 sculks
                 within
                 the
                 Lids
                 ;
                 how
                 wise
                 and
                 learn'd
                 soever
                 the
                 Minister
                 is
                 in
                 his
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 is
                 easie
                 and
                 free
                 of
                 his
                 Secerts
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 suffers
                 his
                 Finger
                 to
                 probe
                 his
                 Heart
                 ,
                 he
                 'll
                 be
                 more
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Princers
                 Affairs
                 than
                 one
                 who
                 understands
                 nothing
                 ,
                 Counsels
                 are
                 worth
                 nothing
                 when
                 revealed
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 danger
                 in
                 good
                 Resolves
                 unseasonably
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 ill
                 ones
                 executed
                 with
                 Secrecy
                 ;
                 let
                 a
                 Minister
                 therefore
                 avoid
                 Discourse
                 with
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 not
                 entrusted
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Secret
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 shut
                 his
                 Heart
                 against
                 those
                 who
                 would
                 dive
                 into
                 it
                 :
                 for
                 in
                 discoursing
                 of
                 Affairs
                 the
                 Design
                 is
                 easily
                 discovered
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Maxims
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Prince
                 governs
                 .
                 The
                 Lips
                 are
                 the
                 windows
                 of
                 the
                 Heart
                 ,
                 the
                 opening
                 of
                 which
                 discovers
                 all
                 within
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Eyes
                 are
                 so
                 pure
                 and
                 free
                 from
                 Avarice
                 ;
                 that
                 they
                 won't
                 admit
                 the
                 least
                 Atom
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 by
                 chance
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 gets
                 in
                 ,
                 it
                 obstructs
                 their
                 Sight
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 makes
                 them
                 see
                 things
                 double
                 ,
                 and
                 different
                 from
                 what
                 they
                 are
                 ;
                 the
                 Minister
                 who
                 receives
                 Presents
                 will
                 be
                 blinded
                 with
                 the
                 dust
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 discern
                 things
                 rightly
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 as
                 Self-interest
                 shall
                 represent
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 the
                 Eyes
                 are
                 two
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 see
                 but
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 they
                 both
                 agree
                 in
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 the
                 Species
                 which
                 they
                 receive
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 transmitting
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 sence
                 by
                 the
                 Optick
                 Nerves
                 which
                 are
                 united
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 mayn't
                 enter
                 severally
                 and
                 deceive
                 it
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Ministers
                 don't
                 unanimously
                 agree
                 in
                 advising
                 for
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 divided
                 
                 in
                 their
                 Sentiments
                 by
                 love
                 and
                 hate
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 reason
                 ▪
                 the
                 Prince
                 will
                 be
                 always
                 in
                 doubt
                 or
                 confusion
                 ,
                 without
                 knowing
                 which
                 Counsel
                 is
                 best
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 inconvenience
                 falls
                 out
                 when
                 one
                 Minister
                 thinks
                 he
                 sees
                 and
                 understands
                 more
                 than
                 another
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 he
                 has
                 not
                 Judgment
                 enough
                 to
                 distinguish
                 which
                 is
                 best
                 9
                 .
                 or
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 byass'd
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Passions
                 or
                 desire
                 of
                 Revenge
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 Minister
                 should
                 be
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 Purpose
                 or
                 Design
                 than
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 his
                 Prince
                 :
                 
                   Such
                   a
                   Minister
                   [
                   says
                   Alphonso
                   the
                   Wise
                   ]
                   is
                   called
                   in
                   Latine
                   Patricius
                   ,
                   being
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   a
                   Father
                   to
                   the
                   Prince
                   ,
                   which
                   Title
                   is
                   taken
                   from
                   the
                   resemblance
                   it
                   bears
                   to
                   the
                   natural
                   Father
                   ,
                   for
                   every
                   Father
                   is
                   naturally
                   inclined
                   to
                   advise
                   his
                   Son
                   in
                   all
                   things
                   for
                   his
                   advantage
                   and
                   Honour
                   ;
                   so
                   he
                   who
                   governs
                   the
                   Prince
                   by
                   his
                   Counsels
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   love
                   him
                   and
                   advise
                   him
                   with
                   Sincerity
                   ,
                   preferring
                   his
                   Honour
                   and
                   Interest
                   above
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   not
                   respecting
                   the
                   Love
                   or
                   Hatred
                   ,
                   Interest
                   or
                   Prejudice
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   ensue
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   this
                   without
                   Flattery
                   ,
                   not
                   minding
                   whether
                   he
                   be
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   ;
                   like
                   a
                   Father
                   in
                   instructing
                   his
                   Child
                
                 †
                 .
                 Nature
                 has
                 divided
                 the
                 Jurisdiction
                 of
                 the
                 Eyes
                 by
                 a
                 Line
                 interpos'd
                 ,
                 not
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 both
                 agree
                 in
                 Operation
                 ,
                 assisting
                 one
                 another
                 with
                 a
                 Zeal
                 so
                 mutual
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 one
                 turns
                 to
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 t'other
                 does
                 so
                 too
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 more
                 certain
                 Cognizance
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 neither
                 regarding
                 whether
                 they
                 be
                 within
                 their
                 Sphere
                 or
                 not
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 Agreement
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 amongst
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 whose
                 Zeal
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 universal
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 regard
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 their
                 Office
                 obliges
                 'em
                 to
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 those
                 that
                 belong
                 to
                 others
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Member
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 ,
                 sends
                 its
                 Blood
                 and
                 Spirits
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 out
                 of
                 order
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 Minister
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 idle
                 Spectator
                 of
                 anothers
                 Calamities
                 shews
                 malice
                 ,
                 envy
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 This
                 proceeds
                 often
                 from
                 a
                 love
                 of
                 Self-interest
                 and
                 Glory
                 ;
                 or
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 by
                 assisting
                 his
                 Friend
                 endanger
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 flourish
                 more
                 upon
                 his
                 Friends
                 
                 misfortune
                 .
                 Such
                 Ministers
                 only
                 serve
                 themselves
                 not
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 Whence
                 proceed
                 Divisions
                 in
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 Army
                 and
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 many
                 good
                 opportunities
                 are
                 lost
                 ,
                 many
                 Towns
                 ,
                 Castles
                 and
                 Provinces
                 ruined
                 ;
                 Ministers
                 should
                 mutually
                 communicate
                 their
                 Designs
                 and
                 Actions
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Cherubims
                 did
                 their
                 wings
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Solomon
                 10
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 u●eful
                 as
                 Eyes
                 are
                 to
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 Nature
                 has
                 given
                 it
                 but
                 two
                 ,
                 because
                 more
                 would
                 breed
                 confusion
                 and
                 obstruct
                 the
                 Susception
                 of
                 things
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 Counsellours
                 ,
                 for
                 when
                 there
                 are
                 too
                 many
                 ,
                 Consultations
                 are
                 retarded
                 ,
                 Secrets
                 revealed
                 ,
                 and
                 Truth
                 confounded
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Votes
                 are
                 only
                 counted
                 not
                 duly
                 weighed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greater
                 number
                 carries
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 thence
                 proceed
                 generally
                 all
                 misfortunes
                 in
                 Common-wealths
                 .
                 The
                 multitude
                 is
                 always
                 blind
                 and
                 thoughtless
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 wisest
                 Senate
                 ,
                 if
                 composed
                 of
                 too
                 many
                 ,
                 will
                 have
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 the
                 Ignorance
                 of
                 the
                 vulgar
                 .
                 A
                 few
                 Planets
                 give
                 more
                 light
                 than
                 many
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 multitude
                 thereof
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Via
                   Lactea
                
                 darken
                 one
                 another
                 by
                 the
                 refraction
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Light
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 darker
                 there
                 than
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sky
                 .
                 Two
                 great
                 a
                 number
                 makes
                 Liberty
                 sawcy
                 and
                 stubborn
                 ,
                 and
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 reduced
                 to
                 the
                 Princes
                 Will
                 11
                 .
                 As
                 it
                 often
                 happens
                 in
                 Parliaments
                 and
                 general
                 Assemblies
                 ;
                 let
                 therefore
                 the
                 Prince
                 have
                 just
                 so
                 many
                 Ministers
                 as
                 are
                 sufficient
                 to
                 govern
                 his
                 State
                 ,
                 carrying
                 himself
                 indifferently
                 to
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 ruled
                 wholly
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 can't
                 see
                 so
                 well
                 with
                 one
                 as
                 with
                 all
                 ;
                 thus
                 Xenophon
                 said
                 when
                 using
                 the
                 same
                 comparison
                 ,
                 he
                 called
                 the
                 Ministers
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Persia
                 their
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Ears
                 12
                 ;
                 such
                 a
                 Minister
                 would
                 usurp
                 all
                 the
                 Dignity
                 and
                 Majesty
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 see
                 with
                 his
                 Eyes
                 13
                 Princes
                 
                 are
                 generally
                 so
                 taken
                 with
                 some
                 one
                 Minister
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 him
                 they
                 negotiate
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Stranger
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 hence
                 proceed
                 so
                 many
                 Errours
                 in
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 for
                 neither
                 can
                 Men
                 of
                 Learning
                 give
                 proper
                 advise
                 in
                 Military
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 nor
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 those
                 which
                 relate
                 to
                 Peace
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 Consideration
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Severus
                 advised
                 with
                 every
                 one
                 in
                 those
                 matters
                 which
                 particularly
                 belonged
                 to
                 them
                 14
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 all
                 these
                 Qualities
                 of
                 the
                 Eyes
                 the
                 Body
                 is
                 govern'd
                 ,
                 without
                 'em
                 it
                 can't
                 move
                 one
                 step
                 securely
                 ;
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 which
                 wants
                 good
                 Ministers
                 .
                 Without
                 these
                 Eyes
                 the
                 Scepter
                 would
                 be
                 blind
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Prince
                 so
                 wise
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 decide
                 all
                 Affairs
                 himself
                 :
                 
                   †
                   Since
                   Royalty
                   [
                   says
                   K.
                   Alphonsus
                   ]
                   admits
                   of
                   no
                   Companion
                   ,
                   nor
                   has
                   occasion
                   for
                   any
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Prince
                   to
                   have
                   about
                   him
                   Persons
                   of
                   Integrity
                   and
                   Wisdom
                   ,
                   who
                   may
                   upon
                   all
                   Emergencies
                   advise
                   and
                   assist
                   him
                   .
                
                 But
                 if
                 any
                 Prince
                 imagines
                 his
                 own
                 Eyes
                 so
                 good
                 as
                 to
                 believe
                 he
                 can
                 see
                 all
                 things
                 without
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 more
                 vain
                 than
                 prudent
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 stumble
                 each
                 step
                 of
                 his
                 Administration
                 15
                 .
                 Ioshua
                 though
                 he
                 communicated
                 with
                 〈◊〉
                 ▪
                 received
                 Instructions
                 from
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 particularly
                 for
                 the
                 taking
                 the
                 City
                 Nai
                 ,
                 he
                 advised
                 with
                 his
                 old
                 Captains
                 about
                 it
                 16
                 .
                 King
                 
                 Assuerus's
                 Ministers
                 never
                 departed
                 from
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 maturely
                 advised
                 with
                 them
                 about
                 all
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 a
                 Custom
                 which
                 Kings
                 always
                 observed
                 17
                 .
                 Only
                 by
                 Pride
                 cometh
                 Contention
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 the
                 well
                 advised
                 is
                 Wisdom
                 18
                 Nature
                 has
                 qualified
                 no
                 Man
                 sufficiently
                 to
                 manage
                 a
                 Government
                 though
                 never
                 〈◊〉
                 little
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 for
                 one
                 to
                 know
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 many
                 19
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 one
                 quick-sighted
                 can
                 see
                 further
                 than
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 like
                 number●
                 ▪
                 which
                 are
                 multiplyed
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 one
                 great
                 
                 Summ
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 understood
                 of
                 things
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 not
                 of
                 those
                 in
                 a
                 near
                 Circumference
                 ,
                 for
                 then
                 many
                 Eyes
                 discover
                 more
                 than
                 one
                 20
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 number
                 be
                 not
                 so
                 great
                 as
                 to
                 create
                 Confusion
                 ;
                 one
                 person
                 has
                 but
                 one
                 Argument
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 can't
                 have
                 many
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 fond
                 with
                 that
                 will
                 go
                 no
                 further
                 .
                 In
                 Counsels
                 the
                 Prince
                 hears
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 following
                 the
                 best
                 renounces
                 his
                 own
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 perceives
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 which
                 proceed
                 from
                 Passion
                 or
                 Interest
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 
                   Don
                   John
                
                 II.
                 of
                 Arragon
                 writing
                 to
                 his
                 Sons
                 their
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 ,
                 upon
                 his
                 Death
                 bed
                 ,
                 he
                 advised
                 them
                 to
                 do
                 nothing
                 without
                 the
                 Counsel
                 of
                 vertuous
                 and
                 discreet
                 Ministers
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Eyes
                 of
                 Ministers
                 should
                 preceed
                 each
                 step
                 of
                 the
                 Administration
                 ,
                 and
                 mark
                 out
                 the
                 way
                 21
                 .
                 The
                 Emperour
                 Antoninus
                 Sirnam'd
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 the
                 wisest
                 Prince
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 time
                 ,
                 had
                 for
                 his
                 Counsellours
                 
                   Scaev●la
                   ,
                   Mutlanus
                   ,
                   Ulpianus
                
                 and
                 Marcellus
                 ,
                 all
                 persons
                 of
                 exquisite
                 Merit
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 their
                 Counsel
                 seem'd
                 better
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 he
                 with
                 ease
                 ●quitted
                 it
                 and
                 sided
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 fitter
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 for
                 me
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 worthy
                 Friends
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 follow
                 mine
                 .
                 A
                 wise
                 Man
                 hearkeneth
                 unto
                 Counsel
                 22
                 .
                 An
                 ignorant
                 Prince
                 who
                 will
                 be
                 advised
                 ,
                 will
                 succeed
                 better
                 in
                 his
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 than
                 an
                 understanding
                 one
                 who
                 depends
                 too
                 much
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Opinions
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Pride
                 suggest●
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 divides
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Success
                 ,
                 in
                 taking
                 the
                 advise
                 of
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 as
                 commendable
                 to
                 submit
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 advised
                 by
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 management
                 .
              
               
                 *
                 
                   Be
                   advised
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   govern'd
                   in
                   your
                   turn
                   .
                
                 This
                 taking
                 advice
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 particular
                 mark
                 of
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Authority
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Inferiours
                 Duty
                 to
                 give
                 advice
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Superiours
                 to
                 receive
                 it
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 becoming
                 Royalty
                 ,
                 nothing
                 more
                 necessary
                 than
                 Consultation
                 and
                 Execution
                 .
                 
                   'T
                   is
                   an
                   Action
                   [
                   said
                   King
                   Alphonsus
                   XI
                   .
                   in
                   the
                   Parliament
                   of
                   Madrid
                   ]
                   worthy
                   the
                   Royal
                   Grandeur
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   always
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   his
                   commendable
                   Custom
                   ,
                   worthy
                   Counsellours
                   about
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   take
                   advice
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   all
                   
                   things
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   every
                   private
                   Man's
                   Duty
                   be
                   to
                   have
                   good
                   Counsellours
                   ,
                   how
                   much
                   more
                   is
                   it
                   incumbent
                   upon
                   a
                   Prince
                   ?
                
                 Every
                 Fool
                 can
                 give
                 advice
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 Prudence
                 who
                 resolves
                 well
                 23
                 .
                 And
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Diminution
                 of
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 knows
                 how
                 to
                 take
                 advice
                 and
                 make
                 a
                 good
                 Choice
                 :
                 whatever
                 shall
                 be
                 well
                 Enacted
                 by
                 
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   your
                   Counsels
                   ,
                   said
                   the
                   Emperour
                   Theodosius
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   Laws
                   ,
                   will
                   redound
                   to
                   the
                   Honour
                   of
                   the
                   Empire
                   and
                   my
                   own
                   Glory
                   24
                   .
                
                 The
                 Victories
                 of
                 
                   Scipio
                   Africanus
                
                 proceeded
                 from
                 the
                 Counsels
                 of
                 Laelius
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 said
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 Laelius
                 
                   wrote
                   the
                   Play
                   ,
                   and
                
                 Scipio
                 
                   Acted
                   it
                
                 .
                 Yet
                 did
                 not
                 this
                 obscure
                 the
                 Lustre
                 of
                 his
                 Glory
                 ,
                 nor
                 was
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 
                 Scipio's
                 Exploits
                 attributed
                 to
                 Laelius
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 Act
                 the
                 Play
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Minister
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 both
                 Poet
                 and
                 Actor
                 too
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Ministers
                 are
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 stark
                 blind
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 see
                 at
                 all
                 without
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 would
                 be
                 to
                 govern
                 by
                 Guess
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 would
                 incur
                 the
                 contempt
                 and
                 disrespect
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 
                   Lucius
                   Torquatus
                
                 being
                 chosen
                 Consul
                 the
                 third
                 time
                 ,
                 desired
                 to
                 be
                 excused
                 for
                 the
                 weakness
                 of
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   'T
                   was
                   a
                   shame
                   that
                   the
                   Government
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Estates
                   of
                   the
                   Citizens
                   should
                   be
                   committed
                   to
                   one
                   ,
                   who
                   must
                   be
                   forced
                   to
                   see
                   with
                   other
                   Men
                   Eyes
                
                 25
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 Ambassadours
                 were
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Eyes
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 unfortunate
                 who
                 should
                 see
                 with
                 no
                 other
                 :
                 That
                 great
                 Politician
                 did
                 not
                 wholly
                 rely
                 upon
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 see
                 with
                 them
                 indeed
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 with
                 Spectacles
                 ,
                 by
                 applying
                 'em
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Eyes
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Ministers
                 find
                 that
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 Affairs
                 is
                 wholly
                 in
                 their
                 Power
                 ,
                 they
                 wil●
                 wrest
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 private
                 Ends
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Ambition
                 increasing
                 they
                 divide
                 into
                 Factions
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 arrogates
                 〈◊〉
                 
                 himself
                 that
                 share
                 of
                 power
                 and
                 authority
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 thro'
                 his
                 Laziness
                 and
                 Insufficiency
                 has
                 granted
                 him
                 .
                 All
                 things
                 are
                 in
                 disorder
                 and
                 confusion
                 ;
                 if
                 the
                 Ministers
                 aim
                 to
                 be
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 than
                 Perspectives
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Prince
                 discovers
                 the
                 Horizon
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 those
                 Resolutions
                 and
                 Counsels
                 which
                 he
                 likes
                 best
                 ,
                 Nature
                 has
                 given
                 him
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 God
                 governs
                 his
                 Heart
                 26
                 ,
                 he
                 directs
                 also
                 his
                 Sight
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 it
                 more
                 clear
                 and
                 quick
                 than
                 his
                 Ministers
                 .
                 King
                 Philip
                 II.
                 retir'd
                 sometimes
                 into
                 himself
                 ,
                 to
                 meditate
                 upon
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 having
                 fervently
                 recommended
                 himself
                 to
                 God
                 ;
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 method
                 that
                 offer'd
                 it self
                 ,
                 though
                 against
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 generally
                 succeeded
                 .
                 Counsellours
                 can't
                 always
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 Princes
                 Elbow
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 Affairs
                 and
                 the
                 urgency
                 of
                 Opportunity
                 requires
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 be
                 quick
                 and
                 ready
                 27
                 .
                 Orders
                 are
                 not
                 respected
                 and
                 obey'd
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 appears
                 that
                 he
                 gives
                 them
                 not
                 ,
                 but
                 receives
                 them
                 himself
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 presumptuous
                 Rashness
                 to
                 conclude
                 all
                 without
                 ever
                 taking
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 stupid
                 Slavery
                 to
                 Act
                 nothing
                 without
                 it
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 Commands
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 changing
                 ,
                 mending
                 ,
                 and
                 rejecting
                 whatever
                 his
                 Ministers
                 propose
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 sometimes
                 convenient
                 to
                 hide
                 from
                 'em
                 certain
                 Mysteries
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 deceive
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 same
                 Philip
                 ,
                 did
                 who
                 differently
                 reported
                 to
                 his
                 Council
                 the
                 Negotiations
                 of
                 his
                 Ambassadours
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 draw
                 'em
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 or
                 thought
                 it
                 convenient
                 to
                 conceal
                 certain
                 Circumstances
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 A
                 Council
                 of
                 State
                 should
                 be
                 like
                 a
                 Colossus
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 standing
                 upon
                 its
                 Shoulders
                 may
                 see
                 farther
                 than
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 did
                 not
                 desire
                 Princes
                 so
                 foresighted
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 guess
                 by
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Painting
                 them
                 with
                 their
                 E●rs
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Eyes
                 shut
                 ,
                 signifying
                 that
                 they
                 ought
                 blindly
                 to
                 execute
                 all
                 the
                 Resolutions
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 :
                 but
                 this
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 an
                 absolute
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 of
                 a
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 whose
                 Power
                 is
                 so
                 circumscrib'd
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 sufficient
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 hear
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 seeing
                 what
                 is
                 
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 it
                 reserved
                 for
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 dark
                 shadow
                 of
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 empty
                 appearance
                 of
                 Authority
                 .
                 His
                 Power
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 reflection
                 of
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 has
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 who
                 can't
                 go
                 where
                 he
                 pleases
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 though
                 't
                 is
                 convenient
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 preserve
                 this
                 Liberty
                 in
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 vain
                 as
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 being
                 thought
                 to
                 want
                 their
                 Advice
                 ,
                 to
                 reject
                 whatever
                 they
                 pro●●●e
                 ;
                 for
                 so
                 he
                 would
                 incur
                 very
                 great
                 Inconveni●ncies
                 :
                 As
                 Pettus
                 did
                 according
                 to
                 Tacitus
                 28
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 't
                 were
                 possible
                 Kings
                 should
                 have
                 Kings
                 for
                 their
                 Counsellours
                 ,
                 that
                 〈…〉
                 Counsels
                 might
                 not
                 deviate
                 from
                 〈◊〉
                 A●thority
                 and
                 Honour
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 ;
                 a
                 Prince
                 sometimes
                 〈…〉
                 beneath
                 himself
                 〈…〉
                 Instigation
                 of
                 an
                 abject
                 〈…〉
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 this
                 is
                 impossible
                 they
                 〈◊〉
                 chuse
                 〈◊〉
                 ●●unsellours
                 ,
                 as
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 Princes
                 by
                 Birth
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 in
                 grea●ness
                 of
                 Mind
                 and
                 Generosity
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Spain
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 Councils
                 instituted
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 and
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 most
                 important
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ▪
                 yet
                 ought
                 not
                 all
                 Care
                 to
                 be
                 rejected
                 ,
                 by
                 confidently
                 relying
                 upon
                 this
                 happy
                 Constitution
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 Government
                 is
                 so
                 strongly
                 fenced
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 its
                 Foundations
                 in
                 time
                 wear
                 away
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 unsens●bly
                 undermin'd
                 by
                 Malice
                 or
                 Abuse
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 sufficient
                 for
                 each
                 distinct
                 part
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 govern'd
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 don't
                 sometimes
                 all
                 unite
                 ,
                 to
                 treat
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 themselves
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 in
                 general
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 we
                 have
                 in
                 Convents
                 or
                 religious
                 Orders
                 ,
                 Provincial
                 and
                 general
                 Chapters
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 Councils
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 every
                 ten
                 years
                 there
                 is
                 held
                 at
                 Madrid
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 consisting
                 of
                 two
                 Counsellours
                 ,
                 of
                 each
                 particular
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 two
                 Deputies
                 of
                 each
                 Province
                 ,
                 to
                 consult
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 each
                 part
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 these
                 Kingdoms
                 were
                 not
                 so
                 renewed
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 grow
                 old
                 
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 die
                 .
                 This
                 Assembly
                 will
                 unite
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 'em
                 agree
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 mutual
                 assistance
                 of
                 each
                 other
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 the
                 Councils
                 of
                 Toledo
                 were
                 assembled
                 ,
                 where
                 not
                 only
                 Matters
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 those
                 of
                 State
                 were
                 treated
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 these
                 Qualities
                 of
                 Eyes
                 ought
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 Confessors
                 to
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 their
                 Counsellours
                 ,
                 Judges
                 ,
                 and
                 spiritual
                 Physicians
                 :
                 these
                 Offices
                 require
                 Men
                 of
                 Zeal
                 and
                 intire
                 Affection
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Prince
                 ;
                 Persons
                 who
                 have
                 Sence
                 to
                 judge
                 well
                 ,
                 prudence
                 to
                 advise
                 ,
                 Liberty
                 to
                 reprehend
                 ,
                 and
                 Courage
                 to
                 undeceive
                 ,
                 by
                 setting
                 before
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 though
                 at
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 the
                 Disgusts
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 without
                 smearing
                 over
                 the
                 craz'd
                 and
                 falling
                 Wall
                 with
                 untempered
                 Mortar
                 29
                 .
                 Some
                 Princes
                 use
                 Confessors
                 only
                 for
                 Conscience
                 sake
                 ,
                 others
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 Councellors
                 of
                 State
                 :
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 pretend
                 to
                 examine
                 into
                 the
                 Reason
                 of
                 these
                 two
                 Methods
                 ;
                 I
                 only
                 say
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 thought
                 convenient
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 to
                 admit
                 the
                 King's
                 Confessor
                 into
                 his
                 Council
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 assistance
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 Conscience
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 that
                 being
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 sharer
                 in
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 correct
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 he
                 is
                 deficient
                 in
                 his
                 Devoir
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 know
                 the
                 Faults
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 guilty
                 of
                 as
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 those
                 which
                 they
                 commit
                 as
                 Princes
                 ,
                 though
                 those
                 are
                 greater
                 which
                 belong
                 to
                 their
                 Office
                 than
                 those
                 which
                 respect
                 only
                 their
                 person
                 .
                 No●
                 only
                 the
                 Confessors
                 ought
                 to
                 assist
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 Bishops
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Ecclesiasticks
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 their
                 Authority
                 and
                 Learning
                 may
                 be
                 very
                 serviceable
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 two
                 Arms
                 ,
                 the
                 Temporalty
                 and
                 Spiritualty
                 will
                 more
                 firmly
                 unite
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 The
                 Gothick
                 Kings
                 used
                 to
                 advise
                 about
                 all
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 with
                 Prelates
                 who
                 were
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 assembled
                 in
                 the
                 Councils
                 of
                 Toledo
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 about
                 Confessors
                 should
                 be
                 understood
                 also
                 of
                 Preachers
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 of
                 
                 Truth
                 30
                 ,
                 the
                 Interpreters
                 between
                 God
                 and
                 Men
                 31
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 mouth
                 God
                 has
                 put
                 his
                 word
                 32
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 carry
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Circumspection
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 being
                 the
                 Channels
                 by
                 which
                 wholesome
                 or
                 poysonous
                 Doctrines
                 are
                 delivered
                 to
                 the
                 people
                 ;
                 the
                 Mobb
                 wholly
                 depends
                 upon
                 'em
                 ,
                 they
                 being
                 the
                 most
                 proper
                 Instruments
                 either
                 to
                 raise
                 or
                 appease
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Revolts
                 of
                 Catal●nia
                 and
                 Portugal
                 .
                 Their
                 Zeal
                 for
                 declaiming
                 against
                 Vice
                 ,
                 often
                 gives
                 'em
                 occasion
                 to
                 reflect
                 upon
                 those
                 in
                 Authority
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 people
                 eagerly
                 swallow
                 ,
                 thro'
                 their
                 natural
                 Aversion
                 to
                 the
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 whence
                 proceeds
                 Contempt
                 of
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Peoples
                 disgust
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 Seditions
                 and
                 Tumults
                 ;
                 especially
                 when
                 the
                 Princes
                 faults
                 are
                 reflected
                 on
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 therefore
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Reprimands
                 should
                 be
                 general
                 ,
                 without
                 pointing
                 at
                 persons
                 when
                 the
                 Scandal
                 is
                 not
                 publick
                 ,
                 or
                 Holy
                 Admonitions
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Circumstances
                 have
                 been
                 ineffectual
                 .
                 God
                 so
                 modestly
                 in
                 the
                 Apocalypse
                 reprehended
                 the
                 Bishops
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 seems
                 almost
                 to
                 ●latter
                 them
                 33
                 ;
                 Christ
                 never
                 reflected
                 upon
                 any
                 person
                 from
                 the
                 Pulpit
                 ,
                 his
                 Reprehensions
                 were
                 general
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 he
                 descended
                 to
                 particulars
                 't
                 was
                 not
                 as
                 Preacher
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 King.
                 That
                 should
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 be
                 heard
                 from
                 the
                 Pulpit
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 dissolute
                 and
                 punishable
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Zeal
                 is
                 often
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 either
                 because
                 't
                 is
                 extravagant
                 ,
                 or
                 blinded
                 with
                 the
                 Applause
                 of
                 the
                 Giddy
                 Mobb
                 ,
                 which
                 eagerly
                 crowds
                 to
                 hear
                 the
                 Prince
                 or
                 Magistracy
                 reflected
                 upon
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LVI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Office
                 of
                 a
                 Secretary
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 understanding
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 Pen
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 all
                 lay
                 in
                 neatly
                 cutting
                 a
                 Letter
                 Printers
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 Secretaries
                 .
                 His
                 Duty
                 is
                 to
                 consult
                 ,
                 propose
                 and
                 bring
                 matters
                 to
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 the
                 right
                 hand
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 Will
                 ,
                 his
                 Instrument
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 the
                 Finger
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 points
                 out
                 his
                 Resolutions
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 King
                 Alphonsus
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   second
                   Officer
                   of
                   the
                   Houshold
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   of
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   of
                   the
                   Cabinet
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   the
                   Confessor
                   is
                   Mediator
                   between
                   God
                   and
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   so
                   is
                   the
                   Secretary
                   between
                   the
                   King
                   his
                   Subjects
                   †
                
                 .
                 Discreet
                 and
                 prudent
                 Consultations
                 in
                 Councils
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 small
                 Effect
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 who
                 should
                 methodize
                 
                 them
                 should
                 fail
                 in
                 his
                 part
                 ;
                 the
                 Ministers
                 give
                 their
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 declares
                 his
                 Sentiments
                 by
                 his
                 Secretary
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 word
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 aptly
                 apply'd
                 ,
                 changes
                 the
                 Face
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Picture
                 ,
                 a
                 small
                 shade
                 or
                 a
                 stroke
                 of
                 the
                 Pencil
                 ,
                 either
                 spoils
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 gives
                 more
                 Life
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 the
                 Council
                 forms
                 the
                 Idea
                 of
                 the
                 Building
                 ,
                 the
                 Secretary
                 draws
                 the
                 Plan
                 thereof
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 irregular
                 ,
                 the
                 Super-structure
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 so
                 too
                 .
                 The
                 better
                 to
                 represent
                 this
                 ,
                 you
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 his
                 Pen
                 is
                 a
                 pair
                 of
                 Compasses
                 ,
                 because
                 his
                 Business
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 write
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 measure
                 the
                 Resolves
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 set
                 out
                 fit
                 times
                 and
                 opportunities
                 for
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 neither
                 be
                 too
                 soon
                 nor
                 too
                 late
                 :
                 this
                 Office
                 is
                 so
                 united
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 trouble
                 of
                 Affairs
                 would
                 permit
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 be
                 committed
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 at
                 least
                 a
                 certain
                 Reflection
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 this
                 I
                 believe
                 Cicero
                 meant
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 advised
                 the
                 then
                 Pro-consul
                 of
                 Asia
                 thus
                 ,
                 
                   Let
                   your
                   Ring
                   [
                   which
                   you
                   must
                   construe
                   Secretary
                   ]
                   be
                   not
                   as
                   any
                   other
                   piece
                   of
                   Goods
                   ,
                   but
                   as
                   your
                   own
                   self
                   ,
                   not
                   a
                   Minister
                   of
                   another's
                   Will
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   Witness
                   of
                   your
                   own
                   ;
                   each
                   other
                   Minister
                   is
                   the
                   Kings
                   Representative
                   but
                   in
                   one
                   Office
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Secretary
                   in
                   all
                   1
                
                 .
                 It
                 suffices
                 others
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 belongs
                 to
                 their
                 particular
                 Places
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 must
                 have
                 a
                 perfect
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 a
                 general
                 and
                 particular
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 Practices
                 ,
                 and
                 Arts
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 Peace
                 as
                 War.
                 If
                 they
                 erre
                 't
                 is
                 but
                 in
                 some
                 one
                 particular
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 reaches
                 all
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 privately
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 mis-carriage
                 is
                 imputed
                 to
                 the
                 Council
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 ignorance
                 of
                 the
                 Physician
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 Malignity
                 of
                 the
                 Distemper
                 ;
                 some
                 Affairs
                 may
                 be
                 negotiated
                 with
                 bad
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 with
                 an
                 ignorant
                 Secretary
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 the
                 Stomach
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Affairs
                 are
                 digested
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 come
                 thence
                 crude
                 and
                 ill
                 concocted
                 ,
                 the
                 Life
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 will
                 be
                 sickly
                 and
                 short
                 ;
                 cast
                 your
                 Eyes
                 back
                 upon
                 Pastimes
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 that
                 never
                 any
                 Government
                 has
                 been
                 well
                 manag'd
                 
                 without
                 good
                 Secretaries
                 .
                 What
                 signifies
                 the
                 Princes
                 careful
                 Resolves
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Secretary
                 knows
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 apply
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 judiciously
                 considering
                 ,
                 and
                 prudently
                 observing
                 certain
                 Circumstances
                 on
                 which
                 Affairs
                 always
                 depend
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 wants
                 Discretion
                 and
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 his
                 written
                 Rules
                 and
                 Instructions
                 are
                 of
                 small
                 use
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 scarce
                 any
                 Affair
                 for
                 which
                 you
                 can
                 find
                 an
                 exact
                 Precedent
                 .
                 For
                 time
                 and
                 other
                 accidents
                 alter
                 the
                 very
                 Nature
                 and
                 Form
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 Apothecaries
                 have
                 different
                 Medicines
                 prescribed
                 by
                 several
                 Physicians
                 ,
                 for
                 several
                 Diseases
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 'd
                 be
                 notoriously
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 ignorantly
                 apply
                 them
                 without
                 a
                 due
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Causes
                 whence
                 they
                 proceed
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 Constitution
                 of
                 the
                 sick
                 Person
                 ,
                 the
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Circumstances
                 ;
                 which
                 Experience
                 ,
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 Speculation
                 shall
                 dictate
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Affair
                 should
                 be
                 differently
                 prescrib'd
                 to
                 a
                 Phlegmatick
                 and
                 Cholerick
                 Minister
                 ,
                 differently
                 to
                 a
                 timorous
                 and
                 bold
                 one
                 .
                 The
                 Secretary
                 ought
                 to
                 instruct
                 each
                 how
                 he
                 should
                 behave
                 himself
                 .
                 What
                 are
                 Secretaries
                 Offices
                 ,
                 but
                 certain
                 Schools
                 for
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 able
                 Statesmen
                 ?
                 From
                 what
                 Practice
                 and
                 Experience
                 teaches
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 learn
                 the
                 true
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 There
                 they
                 observe
                 what
                 Counsels
                 have
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 what
                 mis-carried
                 .
                 From
                 all
                 which
                 appears
                 the
                 necessity
                 of
                 choosing
                 such
                 for
                 Secretaries
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 endu'd
                 with
                 good
                 natural
                 parts
                 .
                 Those
                 great
                 Ministers
                 or
                 Secretaries
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 call
                 Evangelists
                 ,
                 were
                 represented
                 in
                 the
                 Apocalypse
                 ,
                 by
                 four
                 wing'd
                 Animals
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Eyes
                 both
                 within
                 and
                 without
                 ,
                 signifying
                 by
                 their
                 Wings
                 ,
                 their
                 Expedition
                 and
                 Execution
                 ,
                 their
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 by
                 their
                 external
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Contemplation
                 by
                 their
                 internal
                 ones
                 2
                 .
                 Being
                 so
                 busie
                 that
                 they
                 never
                 rested
                 night
                 or
                 day
                 3
                 ,
                 so
                 intent
                 upon
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 wings
                 were
                 always
                 stretch'd
                 upwards
                 4
                 ,
                 so
                 conformed
                 and
                 united
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 never
                 parted
                 from
                 it
                 5
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 make
                 a
                 good
                 Choice
                 of
                 a
                 Secretary
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 convenient
                 for
                 Princes
                 to
                 train
                 up
                 such
                 persons
                 as
                 by
                 their
                 natural
                 Qualifications
                 and
                 perfect
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Latine
                 Tongue
                 seem
                 fit
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 under
                 their
                 Ambassadours
                 ,
                 or
                 chief
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 making
                 Tryal
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 several
                 Posts
                 beyond
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 let
                 them
                 call
                 'em
                 to
                 the
                 Secretaries
                 Office
                 at
                 Court
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 may
                 serve
                 ,
                 and
                 capacitate
                 themselves
                 for
                 Secretaries
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 High
                 Treasurer
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 upon
                 whose
                 Knowledge
                 and
                 Experience
                 ,
                 the
                 Success
                 and
                 good
                 management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 very
                 much
                 depend
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 the
                 ill
                 Choice
                 which
                 Ministers
                 of
                 State
                 usually
                 make
                 of
                 their
                 Secretaries
                 would
                 be
                 avoided
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 employ
                 only
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 served
                 'em
                 formerly
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 are
                 usually
                 most
                 unfit
                 for
                 that
                 Office
                 ,
                 being
                 chosen
                 commonly
                 more
                 from
                 the
                 neatness
                 of
                 their
                 Hand-writing
                 than
                 their
                 Understanding
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 falls
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 good
                 Minister
                 who
                 has
                 a
                 careless
                 ignorant
                 Secretary
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Princes
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 bad
                 Minister
                 whose
                 Secretary
                 is
                 discreet
                 and
                 careful
                 ;
                 besides
                 the
                 Secretary
                 being
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 ,
                 on
                 whom
                 he
                 solely
                 depends
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 Minister
                 more
                 vigilant
                 and
                 attentive
                 in
                 the
                 performance
                 of
                 his
                 Office
                 ;
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 well
                 knowing
                 of
                 what
                 importance
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 good
                 Secretary
                 ,
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   a
                   King
                   ought
                   to
                   make
                   Choice
                   of
                   for
                   that
                   Charge
                   ,
                   a
                   person
                   well
                   born
                   and
                   well
                   bred
                   ,
                   of
                   good
                   Sence
                   ,
                   good
                   Temper
                   ,
                   and
                   good
                   Manners
                   ;
                   who
                   can
                   read
                   and
                   write
                   Latine
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   his
                   vulgar
                   Tongue
                   †
                   .
                
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 seems
                 to
                 thing
                 it
                 not
                 sufficient
                 that
                 he
                 can
                 read
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 readily
                 speak
                 it
                 too
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 to
                 treat
                 with
                 all
                 Nations
                 .
                 Especially
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 now
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 is
                 extended
                 over
                 so
                 many
                 foreign
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 and
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 because
                 o●
                 the
                 frequent
                 Correspondence
                 in
                 Latine
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 most
                 essential
                 thing
                 in
                 a
                 Secretary
                 is
                 Secrecy
                 ,
                 whence
                 his
                 Name
                 is
                 derived
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 upon
                 hearing
                 it
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 his
                 Duty
                 .
                 The
                 Tongue
                 and
                 the
                 Pen
                 are
                 the
                 
                 most
                 dangerous
                 Instruments
                 of
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 by
                 these
                 't
                 is
                 usually
                 expos'd
                 ,
                 either
                 through
                 Levity
                 ,
                 or
                 Vanity
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 the
                 Repositories
                 of
                 very
                 important
                 Secrets
                 ,
                 by
                 discovering
                 them
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 discourse
                 or
                 writing
                 ,
                 to
                 those
                 from
                 whom
                 they
                 should
                 conceal
                 'em
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 a
                 Secretary
                 ,
                 who
                 can't
                 modestly
                 hear
                 others
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 talk
                 himself
                 ,
                 without
                 changing
                 the
                 Air
                 of
                 his
                 Face
                 at
                 any
                 thing
                 ;
                 for
                 oft-times
                 the
                 Secrets
                 of
                 the
                 heart
                 are
                 discovered
                 thereby
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LVII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 wheels
                 of
                 a
                 Clock
                 perform
                 their
                 Office
                 with
                 such
                 silence
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Motions
                 can
                 neither
                 be
                 heard
                 nor
                 perceived
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 the
                 whole
                 Contrivance
                 depends
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 do
                 they
                 not
                 attribute
                 to
                 themselves
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 lend
                 to
                 the
                 hand
                 its
                 Motion
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 alone
                 distinguishes
                 and
                 points
                 out
                 the
                 hours
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 esteem'd
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 only
                 Rule
                 and
                 Measure
                 of
                 time
                 .
                 This
                 mutual
                 Correspondence
                 and
                 Agreement
                 should
                 be
                 between
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 his
                 Counsellours
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 highly
                 convenient
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 :
                 for
                 [
                 as
                 King
                 Alphonsus
                 the
                 Wise
                 said
                 ]
                 
                   Though
                   Emperours
                   and
                   Kings
                   are
                   great
                   persons
                   ,
                   yet
                   can
                   neither
                   of
                   them
                   by
                   themselves
                   do
                   more
                   than
                   a
                   single
                   Man
                   ;
                   ‖
                   and
                   the
                   Government
                   of
                   a
                   Nation
                   requires
                   many
                
                 ,
                 but
                 them
                 so
                 modest
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 attribute
                 their
                 successful
                 Resolutions
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 Princes
                 ;
                 let
                 'em
                 share
                 the
                 Trouble
                 but
                 not
                 the
                 Power
                 ;
                 let
                 'em
                 be
                 Ministers
                 not
                 Companions
                 ;
                 let
                 'em
                 know
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 can
                 govern
                 without
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 they
                 without
                 him
                 .
                 Where
                 a
                 Prince
                 can
                 shew
                 his
                 Authority
                 and
                 Greatness
                 without
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 do
                 it
                 .
                 In
                 Aegypt
                 where
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 is
                 more
                 powerful
                 than
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 ,
                 it
                 breeds
                 Animals
                 without
                 any
                 assistance
                 ;
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 does
                 nothing
                 without
                 Advice
                 ,
                 he
                 's
                 more
                 like
                 a
                 Client
                 than
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 The
                 force
                 of
                 Government
                 is
                 lost
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 Summ
                 of
                 Affairs
                 be
                 reduced
                 to
                 one
                 1
                 ;
                 Monarchy
                 is
                 distinguished
                 from
                 other
                 methods
                 of
                 Government
                 in
                 that
                 one
                 only
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 obey
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 shall
                 permit
                 several
                 to
                 rule
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 but
                 an
                 Aristocracy
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Command
                 where
                 all
                 are
                 Masters
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 takes
                 this
                 for
                 a
                 punishment
                 of
                 the
                 Sins
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 2
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 a
                 Blessing
                 when
                 only
                 one
                 Commands
                 3
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Ministers
                 shall
                 find
                 a
                 Prince
                 so
                 careless
                 as
                 to
                 let
                 others
                 Reign
                 ,
                 they
                 usurp
                 to
                 themselves
                 what
                 Authority
                 they
                 can
                 .
                 Pride
                 and
                 Emulation
                 grows
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 tears
                 a
                 slip
                 from
                 the
                 Royal
                 Robe
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 at
                 last
                 it
                 remains
                 a
                 mere
                 Ragg
                 .
                 The
                 people
                 confounded
                 between
                 so
                 many
                 Masters
                 ,
                 no
                 longer
                 acknowledge
                 their
                 true
                 and
                 lawful
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 begin
                 to
                 despise
                 and
                 contemn
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 believe
                 
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 well
                 done
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 they
                 think
                 the
                 Prince
                 does
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 prepare
                 a
                 Remedy
                 by
                 force
                 .
                 Histories
                 furnish
                 us
                 with
                 deplorable
                 Examples
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Deposition
                 and
                 Death
                 of
                 Garcias
                 King
                 of
                 Galaecia
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Index
                 to
                 point
                 out
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ;
                 but
                 left
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 a
                 particular
                 Favourite
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 afterwards
                 kill'd
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 We
                 find
                 Sancho
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 depos'd
                 ,
                 because
                 his
                 Queen
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 few
                 other
                 Scoundrel
                 Servants
                 had
                 the
                 whole
                 management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 be●el
                 King
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 for
                 being
                 so
                 easie
                 as
                 to
                 Sign
                 all
                 Dispatches
                 which
                 his
                 Ministers
                 brought
                 him
                 ▪
                 without
                 ever
                 reading
                 or
                 knowing
                 the
                 Contents
                 of
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 exposes
                 himself
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 who
                 without
                 perusal
                 or
                 consideration
                 ,
                 agrees
                 to
                 whatever
                 others
                 desire
                 him
                 :
                 for
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 upon
                 soft
                 Wax
                 every
                 one
                 makes
                 what
                 impression
                 he
                 pleases
                 ;
                 so
                 it
                 was
                 with
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Claudius
                 4
                 .
                 God
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Government
                 upon
                 the
                 Princes
                 own
                 Shoulders
                 ,
                 not
                 upon
                 his
                 Ministers
                 5
                 ;
                 as
                 Samuel
                 intimated
                 to
                 Saul
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Entertainment
                 when
                 he
                 anointed
                 him
                 King
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 on
                 purpose
                 ordered
                 the
                 Cook
                 to
                 set
                 by
                 for
                 him
                 a
                 shoulder
                 of
                 Meat
                 6
                 .
                 Yet
                 would
                 I
                 not
                 have
                 a
                 Prince
                 like
                 a
                 Camel
                 merely
                 to
                 bear
                 Burthens
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Shoulders
                 should
                 be
                 full
                 of
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Animals
                 in
                 
                 Ezekiel's
                 Vision
                 ,
                 7
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 see
                 and
                 know
                 what
                 they
                 bear
                 :
                 Elisha
                 call'd
                 Elias
                 the
                 Chariot
                 and
                 Horsemen
                 of
                 Israel
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 sustain'd
                 and
                 manag'd
                 the
                 Government
                 †
                 .
                 He
                 does
                 not
                 deserve
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 cannot
                 of
                 himself
                 give
                 Orders
                 and
                 contradict
                 'em
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 visible
                 in
                 Vitellius
                 ,
                 who
                 not
                 being
                 capable
                 of
                 commanding
                 nor
                 punishing
                 ,
                 was
                 no
                 longer
                 Emperour
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 War
                 8
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 a
                 P●ince
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 perform
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 hand
                 in
                 the
                 Clock
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 Pe●dulum
                 ,
                 which
                 
                 regulates
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Wheels
                 :
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 upon
                 that
                 depends
                 the
                 whole
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 ?
                 Not
                 that
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 a
                 Prince
                 perform
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 a
                 Judge
                 ,
                 Counsellour
                 or
                 President
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Dignity
                 is
                 far
                 above
                 it
                 9
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 apply'd
                 himself
                 so
                 to
                 all
                 Business
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 want
                 time
                 for
                 Affairs
                 of
                 greater
                 moment
                 .
                 
                   He
                   ought
                   ,
                   says
                   King
                   Alphonso
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   Understanding
                   ,
                   Loyal
                   ,
                   and
                   Trusty
                   Persons
                   to
                   assist
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   serve
                   him
                   faithfully
                   in
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   advise
                   him
                   as
                   to
                   administer
                   Justice
                   to
                   his
                   People
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   can't
                   of
                   himself
                   duely
                   weigh
                   and
                   examine
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   he
                   has
                   need
                   of
                   some
                   in
                   whom
                   he
                   can
                   confide
                   .
                
                 He
                 should
                 use
                 them
                 as
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 them
                 operate
                 ;
                 yet
                 so
                 as
                 he
                 may
                 inspect
                 what
                 they
                 do
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 superiour
                 Direction
                 ,
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 immediate
                 or
                 assistant
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 importance
                 of
                 Affairs
                 requires
                 .
                 Those
                 things
                 which
                 properly
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 Ministers
                 perform
                 .
                 Those
                 which
                 are
                 peculiar
                 to
                 the
                 Princes
                 Office
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 only
                 manage
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 Tiberius
                 check'd
                 the
                 Senate
                 for
                 leaving
                 the
                 whole
                 Burthen
                 of
                 Affairs
                 to
                 him
                 10
                 ,
                 the
                 weighty
                 thoughts
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 disturb'd
                 by
                 ●rivolous
                 Consultations
                 ,
                 when
                 without
                 any
                 offence
                 to
                 their
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 decided
                 by
                 the
                 Ministers
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 Sanguinius
                 advised
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 trouble
                 the
                 Emperour
                 with
                 such
                 Matters
                 ,
                 as
                 without
                 molesting
                 him
                 were
                 in
                 their
                 Power
                 to
                 remedy
                 11
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 relying
                 upon
                 the
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Integrity
                 of
                 a
                 Minister
                 ,
                 shall
                 intrust
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 any
                 Affair
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 leave
                 it
                 wholly
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 After
                 God
                 had
                 made
                 Adam
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Earth
                 ,
                 he
                 brings
                 all
                 the
                 Animals
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 created
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 give
                 'em
                 names
                 12
                 ,
                 God
                 would
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 reserve
                 that
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 like
                 Reason
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 leave
                 ordinary
                 Cares
                 and
                 Troubles
                 
                 to
                 others
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Head
                 intermeddles
                 not
                 with
                 the
                 business
                 of
                 the
                 Hands
                 and
                 Feet
                 ,
                 nor
                 does
                 the
                 Pilot
                 intermeddle
                 with
                 the
                 common
                 Sailers
                 Duty
                 ,
                 but
                 sitting
                 in
                 the
                 Stern
                 does
                 more
                 with
                 the
                 gentle
                 Motion
                 of
                 his
                 hand
                 ,
                 in
                 guiding
                 the
                 Boat
                 ,
                 than
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 with
                 their
                 Toil
                 and
                 Labour
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 either
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Minority
                 or
                 old
                 Age
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 natural
                 defect
                 ,
                 be
                 incapable
                 of
                 attending
                 the
                 direction
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 choose
                 an
                 Assistant
                 .
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 much
                 better
                 to
                 govern
                 well
                 by
                 another
                 ,
                 than
                 ill
                 by
                 himself
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 years
                 of
                 
                 Nero's
                 Reign
                 were
                 happy
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 took
                 Advice
                 from
                 good
                 Councellours
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 all
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 he
                 ruin'd
                 himself
                 .
                 King
                 Philip
                 II.
                 finding
                 that
                 Age
                 and
                 Infirmities
                 had
                 render'd
                 him
                 unfit
                 to
                 govern
                 ,
                 chose
                 certain
                 trusty
                 and
                 experienced
                 Ministers
                 for
                 his
                 Assistants
                 .
                 Yet
                 even
                 when
                 necessity
                 urges
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 not
                 wholly
                 to
                 omit
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 be
                 his
                 Ministers
                 never
                 so
                 prudent
                 and
                 faithful
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Body
                 politick
                 resembles
                 the
                 natural
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 if
                 the
                 Heat
                 be
                 deficient
                 ,
                 no
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 no
                 Art
                 ,
                 nor
                 Industry
                 can
                 preserve
                 its
                 Life
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 is
                 the
                 Soul
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 wherefore
                 to
                 keep
                 that
                 alive
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 that
                 this
                 should
                 assist
                 the
                 Members
                 and
                 Organs
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 can't
                 absolutely
                 do
                 this
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 seem
                 to
                 see
                 and
                 hear
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 with
                 such
                 Assiduity
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 attributed
                 to
                 his
                 Disposal
                 and
                 Judgment
                 ;
                 the
                 Princes
                 Presence
                 though
                 it
                 has
                 no
                 other
                 Effect
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 influences
                 the
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 'em
                 more
                 careful
                 and
                 Assiduous
                 .
                 To
                 know
                 only
                 that
                 all
                 Orders
                 come
                 through
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 gives
                 them
                 Authority
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 never
                 alter
                 nor
                 see
                 'em
                 ;
                 what
                 will
                 it
                 do
                 then
                 if
                 he
                 shall
                 particularly
                 examine
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 privately
                 instructed
                 ,
                 shall
                 correct
                 and
                 reprehend
                 his
                 Ministers
                 faults
                 ?
                 If
                 he
                 do
                 this
                 but
                 once
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 ever
                 after
                 fearful
                 and
                 cautious
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 imagine
                 that
                 he
                 actually
                 sees
                 ,
                 or
                 inspects
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 Let
                 them
                 treat
                 in
                 Councils
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 Affairs
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 of
                 what
                 worthy
                 Persons
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 promote
                 to
                 Offices
                 and
                 Preferments
                 ;
                 but
                 let
                 his
                 hand
                 confirm
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 that
                 which
                 bestows
                 all
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Gratuities
                 ,
                 not
                 suffering
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Sun-Dial
                 his
                 shadow
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 his
                 Ministers
                 and
                 Favourites
                 ▪
                 to
                 point
                 'em
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 publish
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 ●o
                 cause
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 this
                 he
                 woul●
                 lose
                 his
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 Affairs
                 their
                 Authority
                 ,
                 Rewards
                 their
                 Acceptance
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 slighted
                 by
                 those
                 whom
                 he
                 〈◊〉
                 most
                 oblig'd
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 Tiberius
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 the
                 Senate
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 reward
                 
                   M.
                   Hortalus
                
                 ,
                 vigorously
                 oppos●
                 it
                 13
                 .
                 And
                 sharply
                 check'd
                 
                   Iunius
                   Gallio
                
                 ,
                 for
                 proposing
                 Gratuities
                 to
                 the
                 Praetorian
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 giving
                 him
                 to
                 understand
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 only
                 the
                 Emperours
                 Prerogative
                 14
                 ;
                 so
                 〈◊〉
                 Prince
                 is
                 not
                 respected
                 because
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 becaus●
                 as
                 such
                 he
                 Commands
                 ,
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 and
                 Punishes
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 piece
                 of
                 Severity
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 committed
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 rigorous
                 Punishment
                 to
                 be
                 inflicted
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 hi●
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 but
                 let
                 the
                 Prince
                 conceal
                 his
                 own
                 as
                 much
                 〈◊〉
                 possible
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Indignation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Odium
                 〈◊〉
                 Severity
                 ,
                 and
                 Punishment
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 him
                 15
                 ▪
                 The
                 Ancients
                 said
                 of
                 Iupiter
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 himself
                 he
                 darte●
                 forth
                 none
                 but
                 benign
                 Rays
                 ,
                 without
                 hurting
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 bu●
                 only
                 to
                 shew
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 malign
                 ones
                 were
                 by
                 th●
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 let
                 the
                 Ministers
                 be
                 thought
                 sever●
                 and
                 cruel
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 tender
                 and
                 merciful
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 their
                 〈◊〉
                 to
                 accuse
                 and
                 condemn
                 ,
                 his
                 to
                 forgive
                 and
                 pardon
                 .
                 Em●nuel
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 thank'd
                 a
                 certain
                 person
                 ,
                 who
                 fou●●
                 an
                 Argument
                 to
                 sa●e
                 a
                 Criminal
                 .
                 Also
                 Iohn
                 III.
                 King
                 〈◊〉
                 Portugal
                 being
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 Tryal
                 of
                 a
                 Criminal
                 ,
                 whe●●
                 the
                 Judges
                 were
                 equally
                 divided
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Opinion
                 ask'd
                 〈◊〉
                 decide
                 the
                 matter
                 spoke
                 to
                 this
                 Effect
                 ,
                 
                   You
                   ,
                   says
                   he
                   ,
                   〈◊〉
                   having
                   condemn'd
                   this
                   Man
                   have
                   done
                   Justice
                   ,
                   and
                   could
                   wish
                   you
                   had
                   been
                   all
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Opinion
                   ;
                   〈◊〉
                   I
                   am
                   for
                   acquitting
                   him
                   ,
                   least
                   any
                   should
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   〈◊〉
                   Kings
                   Vote
                   alone
                   took
                   away
                   a
                   Subjects
                   Life
                   .
                
                 The
                 Princ●
                 is
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 Subjects
                 preservation
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 〈◊〉
                 no
                 one
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 that
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 hand
                 of
                 a
                 Clock
                 has
                 no
                 effect
                 upon
                 the
                 Wheels
                 ,
                 but
                 permits
                 them
                 to
                 do
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 denotes
                 their
                 Motion
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Charles
                 V.
                 was
                 of
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 behave
                 himself
                 towards
                 his
                 Council
                 ,
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 alone
                 in
                 their
                 Debates
                 without
                 intermeddling
                 with
                 'em
                 ;
                 this
                 Precept
                 he
                 left
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Philip
                 the
                 II.
                 A
                 Princes
                 Presence
                 obstructs
                 their
                 Freedom
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 opportunity
                 for
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 in
                 Matters
                 of
                 greater
                 moment
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Presence
                 seems
                 very
                 convenient
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 he
                 can't
                 be
                 so
                 throughly
                 inform'd
                 by
                 reading
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 hearing
                 their
                 Debates
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 this
                 he
                 will
                 learn
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 begin
                 to
                 love
                 Business
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 instructed
                 in
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 and
                 Designs
                 of
                 his
                 Councellours
                 ,
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 extremely
                 cautious
                 in
                 declaring
                 his
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 least
                 either
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 Respect
                 ,
                 or
                 Fear
                 should
                 make
                 it
                 received
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 Piso
                 ,
                 when
                 Marcellus
                 was
                 accus'd
                 for
                 taking
                 down
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 
                 Augustus's
                 Statue
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 his
                 own
                 up
                 ;
                 being
                 ask'd
                 his
                 Opinion
                 by
                 
                   Tiberius
                   ,
                   What
                   's
                   your
                   Sentiment
                   ,
                   Sir
                   ,
                
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   if
                   you
                   speak
                   first
                   I
                   know
                   what
                   to
                   follow
                   ,
                   but
                   if
                   last
                   I
                   am
                   afraid
                   least
                   I
                   should
                   imprudently
                   think
                   otherwise
                
                 16
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 't
                 was
                 a
                 prudent
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Emperour
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Son
                 Drusus
                 should
                 not
                 Vote
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 least
                 others
                 should
                 think
                 themselves
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 follow
                 his
                 Opinion
                 17
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 of
                 ill
                 Consequence
                 ;
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 inconvenient
                 not
                 to
                 declare
                 his
                 mind
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 that
                 Counsel
                 which
                 seems
                 best
                 may
                 with
                 more
                 Secrecy
                 be
                 executed
                 .
                 Henry
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 proposed
                 matters
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Discretion
                 in
                 his
                 Council
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 his
                 Words
                 or
                 Looks
                 ,
                 which
                 way
                 he
                 inclined
                 ;
                 whence
                 came
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 Presidents
                 and
                 Vice-Roys
                 ,
                 not
                 giving
                 their
                 Votes
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 anci●nt
                 Practice
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 used
                 by
                 the
                 Etolians
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 a
                 matter
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Prince
                 desires
                 rather
                 their
                 Approbation
                 than
                 Advice
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 open
                 his
                 mind
                 and
                 declare
                 his
                 
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 will
                 find
                 they
                 will
                 generally
                 ●ide
                 with
                 him
                 either
                 through
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 please
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 we
                 naturally
                 incline
                 to
                 follow
                 our
                 Superior
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Affairs
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 involv'●
                 therein
                 ,
                 his
                 Presence
                 in
                 Council
                 is
                 of
                 more
                 importance
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 well
                 for
                 the
                 above-mentioned
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 thereby
                 animates
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 prudent
                 Resolves
                 may
                 be
                 pu●
                 in
                 speedy
                 Execution
                 ,
                 and
                 least
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 opportunity
                 be
                 slipt
                 .
                 He
                 must
                 know
                 that
                 some
                 Minis●ers
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 vigorous
                 and
                 active
                 ,
                 rathe●
                 than
                 discreet
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 the
                 Princes
                 Presence
                 o●t●n
                 are
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 rash
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 th●
                 persons
                 that
                 should
                 execute
                 them
                 ,
                 nay
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 particular
                 aversion
                 to
                 all
                 Danger
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 with
                 those
                 who
                 advis'd
                 Vitellius
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 18
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 common
                 Question
                 among
                 Politicians
                 ,
                 whether
                 〈◊〉
                 no
                 a
                 Prince
                 himself
                 should
                 not
                 assist
                 in
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 too
                 weighty
                 Employ
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 take
                 up
                 〈◊〉
                 much
                 of
                 that
                 time
                 which
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 Affairs
                 of
                 State
                 and
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 Though
                 Tib●rius
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 assisted
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 Court●
                 of
                 Judicature
                 19
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Holy
                 was
                 ofte●
                 present
                 in
                 those
                 Courts
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 heard
                 and
                 defended
                 the
                 Poor
                 ,
                 and
                 protected
                 the
                 weak
                 from
                 the
                 strong
                 .
                 K.
                 Alphon●●
                 the
                 Wise
                 ordain'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 should
                 undertake
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 Widows
                 and
                 Orphans
                 ,
                 
                   For
                   tho'
                   ,
                   says
                   he
                   ,
                   he
                   is
                   oblig'd
                   in
                   general
                   to
                   defend
                   his
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   yet
                   ought
                   he
                   particularly
                   to
                   assist
                   them
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   more
                   helpless
                   than
                   others
                   *
                   .
                
                 Solomon's
                 great
                 Judgment
                 in
                 the
                 Decision
                 of
                 Causes
                 got
                 him
                 the
                 general
                 Esteem
                 of
                 all
                 20
                 ;
                 the
                 Israelites
                 desired
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 as
                 in
                 other
                 Nations
                 might
                 be
                 Judge
                 over
                 them
                 21
                 ;
                 the
                 Presence
                 of
                 the
                 
                 King
                 makes
                 Judges
                 just
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Power
                 only
                 can
                 defend
                 the
                 poor
                 22
                 ;
                 the
                 chief
                 Reason
                 why
                 God
                 chose
                 David
                 King
                 was
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 who
                 had
                 freed
                 his
                 Flocks
                 from
                 the
                 jaws
                 of
                 the
                 Lion
                 23
                 ,
                 best
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 protect
                 the
                 Impotent
                 from
                 the
                 powerful
                 24
                 :
                 so
                 grateful
                 and
                 acceptable
                 is
                 this
                 Care
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 that
                 only
                 he
                 promises
                 to
                 blot
                 out
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Sins
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 them
                 as
                 white
                 as
                 Snow
                 25
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 I
                 can't
                 deny
                 that
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 main
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Duty
                 ,
                 yet
                 I
                 think
                 he
                 fulfils
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 chooses
                 Persons
                 of
                 Integrity
                 for
                 his
                 Ministers
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 Care
                 that
                 they
                 justly
                 and
                 uprightly
                 perform
                 their
                 Offices
                 .
                 'T
                 will
                 suffice
                 sometimes
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 important
                 Cases
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 such
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 oppress'd
                 by
                 Power
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 at
                 their
                 giving
                 their
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Judges
                 always
                 in
                 fear
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 in
                 some
                 corner
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 and
                 hear
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 said
                 and
                 done
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 all
                 the
                 Judges
                 live
                 in
                 the
                 Royal
                 Palace
                 at
                 Madrid
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Courts
                 where
                 they
                 sit
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 windows
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 his
                 Majesty
                 uses
                 to
                 hear
                 all
                 that
                 passes
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 is
                 usual
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Turks
                   Divan
                
                 ,
                 where
                 when
                 the
                 Bassa's
                 meet
                 to
                 treat
                 about
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 he
                 hears
                 them
                 when
                 he
                 pleases
                 ,
                 from
                 a
                 window
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Sarcenet
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 Harmony
                 of
                 the
                 Clock
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 mutual
                 Agreement
                 between
                 the
                 Wheels
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Hand
                 which
                 points
                 the
                 hours
                 is
                 evidentl●
                 visible
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 well
                 constituted
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Kingdoms
                 and
                 Provinces
                 which
                 Nature
                 has
                 dis-joyn'd
                 ,
                 she
                 unites
                 by
                 the
                 prudence
                 of
                 her
                 Government
                 Each
                 has
                 its
                 particular
                 Court
                 at
                 
                   Madrid
                   ,
                   C●stile
                   ,
                   Arragon
                   ,
                   P●rtugal
                   ,
                   Italy
                   ,
                
                 the
                 Netherlands
                 and
                 the
                 Indies
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 President
                 ,
                 they
                 take
                 Cognizance
                 of
                 all
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 whether
                 of
                 Justice
                 or
                 Rewards
                 belonging
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 Kingdoms
                 or
                 Provinces
                 .
                 And
                 their
                 Debates
                 are
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 who
                 orders
                 what
                 he
                 thinks
                 fit
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Councils
                 are
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 the
                 Wheels
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Majesty
                 the
                 Index
                 ;
                 or
                 they
                 the
                 Optick
                 
                 Nerves
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 visible
                 Species
                 are
                 transmitted
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 the
                 common
                 Sense
                 which
                 discerns
                 and
                 Judges
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 being
                 so
                 dispos'd
                 and
                 presented
                 to
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 all
                 's
                 manag'd
                 with
                 that
                 ease
                 and
                 prudence
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 above
                 a
                 hundred
                 years
                 since
                 it
                 began
                 to
                 flourish
                 ;
                 there
                 has
                 happened
                 no
                 considerable
                 mis-carriage
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 almost
                 incredible
                 ,
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 dis-united
                 Body
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 was
                 more
                 succinct
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 it
                 almost
                 continually
                 felt
                 Convulsions
                 and
                 Disorders
                 ,
                 an
                 undeniable
                 Proof
                 that
                 ours
                 is
                 better
                 founded
                 than
                 their's
                 ,
                 and
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Men
                 of
                 greater
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Integrity
                 .
                 Since
                 then
                 the
                 Summ
                 of
                 all
                 Affairs
                 should
                 be
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 be
                 a
                 Father
                 to
                 the
                 Republick
                 in
                 Love
                 ,
                 but
                 Economy
                 too
                 ,
                 nor
                 should
                 he
                 think
                 it
                 sufficient
                 to
                 have
                 Counsellours
                 ,
                 and
                 Ministers
                 to
                 manage
                 his
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 should
                 also
                 keep
                 by
                 him
                 a
                 certain
                 private
                 Memoir
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 guided
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ;
                 as
                 Merchants
                 keep
                 their
                 Accounts
                 in
                 a
                 particular
                 Book
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 such
                 a
                 Book
                 as
                 this
                 the
                 Emperour
                 August●s
                 kept
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Auxiliaries
                 in
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 also
                 o●
                 the
                 Fleets
                 ,
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 Tributes
                 ,
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 and
                 Gratuities
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 he
                 wrote
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hand
                 26
                 ;
                 the
                 Memory
                 is
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 Experience
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 very
                 short
                 and
                 weak
                 without
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Pen
                 to
                 strengthen
                 and
                 perpetuate
                 it
                 upon
                 Paper
                 .
                 He
                 'll
                 find
                 a
                 great
                 advantage
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 Memory's
                 sake
                 takes
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 all
                 Actions
                 good
                 or
                 ill
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Book
                 ;
                 which
                 Diligence
                 if
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 when
                 setled
                 upon
                 the
                 Throne
                 shall
                 neglect
                 ,
                 and
                 think
                 it
                 beneath
                 your
                 Grandeur
                 to
                 stoop
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 your
                 Presence
                 is
                 sufficient
                 without
                 this
                 troublesome
                 Assiduity
                 ,
                 leaving
                 that
                 to
                 your
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 I
                 dare
                 aver●
                 from
                 the
                 excellent
                 Constitution
                 ,
                 and
                 order
                 of
                 this
                 Government
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 
                 its
                 Courts
                 and
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 your
                 Highness
                 might
                 finish
                 your
                 Course
                 without
                 any
                 considerable
                 Danger
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 hand
                 to
                 the
                 Clock
                 ,
                 wholly
                 govern'd
                 by
                 the
                 Wh●els
                 ,
                 nor
                 would
                 there
                 appear
                 any
                 thing
                 conspicuous
                 or
                 glorious
                 in
                 your
                 whole
                 Reign
                 ;
                 as
                 there
                 will
                 ,
                 if
                 [
                 which
                 God
                 grant
                 ]
                 your
                 Highness
                 imitating
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 shall
                 make
                 your
                 Remarks
                 upon
                 each
                 Kingdom
                 distinctly
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Addition
                 of
                 all
                 Garrison'd
                 Towns
                 ,
                 also
                 of
                 all
                 persons
                 famous
                 for
                 War
                 or
                 Peace
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 Characters
                 ,
                 Services
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ;
                 particularly
                 inserting
                 all
                 A●fairs
                 of
                 great
                 Concern
                 ,
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 their
                 Issue
                 ,
                 in
                 what
                 they
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 in
                 what
                 fail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 other
                 Observations
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 instructive
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 Hence
                 proceeds
                 the
                 Harmony
                 in
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 Jesuits
                 ,
                 which
                 all
                 so
                 much
                 admire
                 ,
                 for
                 every
                 three
                 years
                 the
                 General
                 has
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 have
                 pass'd
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 private
                 List
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Order
                 ;
                 who
                 because
                 they
                 may
                 in
                 time
                 alter
                 their
                 Nature
                 and
                 Manners
                 these
                 Catalogues
                 are
                 renewed
                 every
                 Year
                 ;
                 besides
                 ,
                 he
                 has
                 particular
                 Informations
                 every
                 Year
                 of
                 what
                 ever
                 in
                 necessary
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 know
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 they
                 always
                 succeed
                 in
                 their
                 Elections
                 ,
                 by
                 suiting
                 the
                 Capacity
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 to
                 the
                 Office
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 Office
                 to
                 the
                 Person
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 Princes
                 had
                 such
                 Characters
                 of
                 things
                 and
                 persons
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 often
                 deceived
                 in
                 their
                 Resolves
                 and
                 Counsels
                 ;
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 better
                 instructed
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 need
                 not
                 depend
                 wholly
                 upon
                 their
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 would
                 serve
                 the
                 Prince
                 with
                 more
                 Care
                 and
                 Circumspection
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 knew
                 that
                 he
                 understood
                 and
                 took
                 notice
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 these
                 gross
                 Faults
                 which
                 we
                 see
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 ,
                 in
                 not
                 timely
                 providing
                 Necessaries
                 for
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ,
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 committed
                 ;
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 this
                 Catalogue
                 would
                 make
                 Vertue
                 flourish
                 ,
                 and
                 Vice
                 perish
                 ;
                 nor
                 would
                 these
                 short
                 Memoirs
                 breed
                 any
                 confusion
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 some
                 were
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Princes
                 own
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 his
                 chief
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 persons
                 of
                 Understanding
                 ,
                 and
                 whom
                 he
                 can
                 trust
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 sincerely
                 and
                 carefully
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 if
                 as
                 Cicero
                 says
                 ,
                 this
                 Knowledge
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Senatour
                 
                 27
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 Member
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 is
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 on
                 whom
                 depends
                 the
                 universal
                 welfare
                 of
                 his
                 State
                 ?
                 And
                 if
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 League
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 over
                 to
                 him
                 twice
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 why
                 should
                 a
                 Prince
                 disdain
                 to
                 read
                 in
                 one
                 Book
                 ,
                 an
                 Epitome
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 viewing
                 in
                 that
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Map
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 consists
                 ?
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LVIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 HONOUR
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Instruments
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 the
                 Off-spring
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 think
                 it
                 a
                 politick
                 Invention
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Prop
                 of
                 Empires
                 ;
                 without
                 it
                 none
                 could
                 stand
                 long
                 ;
                 a
                 Prince
                 without
                 it
                 wants
                 a
                 Guard
                 for
                 his
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 the
                 Spur
                 of
                 Renown
                 ,
                 and
                 Bond
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 loved
                 and
                 respected
                 ;
                 a
                 Thirst
                 for
                 Riches
                 is
                 Tyrannick
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 Honour
                 Royal
                 1
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 Honour
                 less
                 requisite
                 in
                 the
                 Subject
                 than
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 for
                 without
                 that
                 the
                 Laws
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 people
                 in
                 their
                 Devoir
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 restrain'd
                 by
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 Infamy
                 than
                 punishment
                 .
                 The
                 Economy
                 of
                 Government
                 would
                 
                 soon
                 be
                 ruined
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 Loyalty
                 ,
                 Integrity
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 Vertues
                 in
                 esteem
                 .
                 Ambition
                 for
                 Honour
                 preserves
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 to
                 attain
                 it
                 we
                 inure
                 our selves
                 to
                 Labour
                 and
                 Vertue
                 .
                 That
                 Government
                 is
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 danger
                 where
                 all
                 would
                 be
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 in
                 which
                 a●l
                 would
                 be
                 Masters
                 .
                 A
                 Nation
                 too
                 abject
                 and
                 base
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 prey
                 to
                 every
                 Invader
                 ,
                 and
                 soon
                 forgets
                 its
                 Duty
                 to
                 its
                 lawful
                 Prince
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 lofty
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 sets
                 a
                 value
                 upon
                 Honour
                 ,
                 slights
                 all
                 Toils
                 and
                 Perils
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 even
                 despises
                 its
                 own
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 to
                 remain
                 firm
                 in
                 its
                 Obedience
                 and
                 Loyalty
                 ;
                 what
                 Wars
                 ,
                 Calamities
                 and
                 Devastations
                 by
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword
                 ,
                 has
                 not
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 felt
                 for
                 preserving
                 their
                 Faith
                 and
                 Allegiance
                 to
                 his
                 Catholick
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 neither
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 and
                 Barbarity
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 infection
                 of
                 the
                 Elements
                 ,
                 though
                 all
                 seem'd
                 to
                 conspire
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 could
                 shake
                 their
                 Constancy
                 .
                 They
                 might
                 indeed
                 take
                 from
                 those
                 Loyal
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 their
                 Estates
                 ,
                 their
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 their
                 sincere
                 Faith
                 ,
                 and
                 generous
                 Loyalty
                 to
                 their
                 lawful
                 Prince
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 usual
                 Remedies
                 against
                 intestine
                 Disorders
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 People
                 strangers
                 to
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 which
                 piece
                 of
                 Policy
                 is
                 us'd
                 in
                 China
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 no
                 danger
                 but
                 from
                 its
                 own
                 Subjects
                 :
                 but
                 in
                 other
                 Kingdoms
                 which
                 are
                 exposed
                 to
                 Invasions
                 ,
                 Glory
                 and
                 Renown
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 Courage
                 to
                 repulse
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 ●or
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Honour
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Valour
                 .
                 That
                 Prince
                 is
                 not
                 truly
                 Great
                 ,
                 who
                 does
                 not
                 command
                 great
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 he
                 ever
                 without
                 such
                 make
                 himself
                 formidable
                 ,
                 or
                 enlarge
                 his
                 Territories
                 .
                 The
                 Subject's
                 Honour
                 obliges
                 them
                 to
                 procure
                 the
                 Prince's
                 ,
                 for
                 upon
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 depends
                 their's
                 .
                 The
                 very
                 shadow
                 and
                 empty
                 appearance
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 makes
                 'em
                 assiduous
                 in
                 Labours
                 ,
                 and
                 valiant
                 in
                 Dangers
                 .
                 What
                 Treasures
                 could
                 make
                 sufficient
                 Compensation
                 for
                 the
                 Estates
                 ,
                 and
                 Blood
                 which
                 Subjects
                 squander
                 away
                 for
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Will
                 and
                 Fancy
                 ;
                 were
                 it
                 not
                 for
                 this
                 publick
                 Coin
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 every
                 one
                 pays
                 himself
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Opinion
                 ?
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 Price
                 of
                 worthy
                 and
                 brave
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 the
                 cheapest
                 Reward
                 that
                 Princes
                 could
                 have
                 found
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 
                 not
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 they
                 ought
                 at
                 least
                 for
                 their
                 Conveniency
                 and
                 Interest
                 ,
                 maintain
                 it
                 among
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 by
                 either
                 taking
                 no
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 or
                 lightly
                 punishing
                 the
                 Faults
                 which
                 they
                 commit
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 by
                 encouraging
                 with
                 Rewards
                 and
                 publick
                 Acknowledgments
                 ,
                 such
                 Actions
                 as
                 are
                 generous
                 and
                 honourable
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 should
                 beware
                 of
                 giving
                 the
                 least
                 Incouragement
                 to
                 that
                 vain
                 fantastical
                 Honour
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 Vogue
                 ,
                 which
                 depends
                 upon
                 peoples
                 Fancies
                 ,
                 not
                 true
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 thence
                 proceed
                 Disputes
                 among
                 the
                 Ministers
                 about
                 Precedence
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Service
                 :
                 Hence
                 Duels
                 ,
                 Affronts
                 ,
                 and
                 Murthers
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 these
                 come
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Seditions
                 .
                 This
                 makes
                 Obedience
                 stagger
                 ,
                 and
                 defiles
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Prince's
                 blood
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 once
                 the
                 Subject
                 shall
                 be
                 perswaded
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 common
                 Cry
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 and
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 live
                 ,
                 he
                 soon
                 contrives
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 to
                 obtain
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Assertor
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 's
                 Liberty
                 2
                 .
                 It
                 should
                 therefore
                 be
                 the
                 Princes
                 Care
                 to
                 abolish
                 this
                 Superstition
                 of
                 false
                 Honour
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 promote
                 the
                 Worship
                 of
                 the
                 true
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 disdain
                 to
                 honour
                 Merit
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Subjects
                 or
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 does
                 not
                 derogate
                 from
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Honour
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 a
                 Torch
                 is
                 diminished
                 by
                 the
                 lighting
                 of
                 another
                 by
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 Ennius
                 compares
                 the
                 Charity
                 of
                 a
                 person
                 ,
                 who
                 instructs
                 a
                 wandring
                 Traveller
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 Flame
                 .
              
               
                 
                   He
                   who
                   t'
                   a
                   wandring
                   Man
                   his
                   way
                   has
                   shewn
                   ,
                
                 
                   Lights
                   t'others
                   Torch
                   and
                   never
                   hurts
                   his
                   own
                   *
                
              
               
                 From
                 whence
                 proceeds
                 
                 Cicero's
                 Advice
                 ,
                 that
                 whatever
                 kindness
                 can
                 be
                 done
                 another
                 without
                 Detriment
                 to
                 ones
                 self
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 done
                 even
                 to
                 a
                 Stranger
                 3
                 .
                 From
                 both
                 these
                 Sentences
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 is
                 taken
                 ;
                 a
                 lighted
                 Candle
                 
                 in
                 a
                 Candlestick
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Divinity
                 ,
                 and
                 supream
                 Authority
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 two
                 others
                 are
                 lighted
                 ,
                 to
                 signifie
                 that
                 a
                 Prince
                 may
                 bestow
                 Honour
                 upon
                 those
                 who
                 deserve
                 it
                 without
                 Detriment
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 .
                 His
                 Honour
                 ,
                 is
                 borrowed
                 ,
                 not
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 afraid
                 of
                 wanting
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 confers
                 it
                 on
                 others
                 .
                 Springs
                 continually
                 flow
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 never
                 empty
                 .
                 The
                 Fund
                 of
                 Honour
                 in
                 Princes
                 is
                 inexhaustible
                 ,
                 be
                 they
                 never
                 so
                 profuse
                 :
                 All
                 respect
                 them
                 as
                 the
                 only
                 Magazines
                 of
                 Honours
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 every
                 one
                 expects
                 his
                 share
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 Earth
                 with
                 its
                 Vapours
                 refreshes
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 which
                 returns
                 them
                 in
                 Dew
                 upon
                 the
                 Earth
                 again
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 mutual
                 Correspondence
                 between
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 knew
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   these
                   in
                   Honouring
                   him
                   ,
                   honour'd
                   themselves
                   ,
                   because
                   from
                   him
                   they
                   expect
                   Honour
                   and
                   Preferment
                   ;
                   where
                   this
                   mutual
                   Honour
                   is
                   ,
                   there
                   Affairs
                   flourish
                   in
                   Peace
                   and
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Government
                   is
                   established
                   .
                
                 Nor
                 does
                 a
                 Prince
                 shew
                 his
                 Majesty
                 more
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 Honours
                 he
                 confers
                 .
                 All
                 natural
                 Bodies
                 the
                 more
                 noble
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 more
                 generous
                 and
                 free
                 of
                 their
                 Vertues
                 and
                 Gifts
                 .
                 To
                 give
                 Riches
                 is
                 humane
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 distribution
                 of
                 Honour
                 belongs
                 to
                 God
                 or
                 his
                 Vicegerents
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 Maxims
                 I
                 would
                 perfectly
                 instruct
                 your
                 Highness
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 honouring
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 the
                 main
                 support
                 of
                 Monarchy
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 your
                 Highness
                 hearken
                 to
                 your
                 glorious
                 Predecessor
                 ,
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 laying
                 down
                 Maxims
                 for
                 his
                 Successors
                 ,
                 speaks
                 to
                 this
                 Effect
                 :
                 
                   Furthermore
                   he
                   ought
                   to
                   respect
                   and
                   honour
                   the
                   Nobility
                   for
                   their
                   Riches
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   an
                   Honour
                   to
                   his
                   State
                   ;
                   and
                   he
                   should
                   respect
                   and
                   honour
                   the
                   Gentry
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   his
                   Guard
                   and
                   the
                   Bulwark
                   of
                   his
                   Kingdom
                   .
                
              
               
                 Without
                 Rewards
                 Services
                 flag
                 ,
                 but
                 rewarded
                 they
                 flourish
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 glorious
                 Under
                 an
                 ungrateful
                 King
                 never
                 any
                 great
                 Action
                 was
                 a●chieved
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 glorious
                 Example
                 transmitted
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
                 Those
                 three
                 brave
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 broke
                 through
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Squadrons
                 and
                 fetch'd
                 water
                 from
                 the
                 Cistern
                 ,
                 scarce
                 did
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 because
                 David
                 did
                 not
                 gratifie
                 
                 them
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 by
                 once
                 rewarding
                 the
                 Merits
                 of
                 a
                 Family
                 ,
                 binds
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Service
                 for
                 ever
                 .
                 The
                 Nobility
                 is
                 as
                 much
                 urg'd
                 to
                 Glory
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 noble
                 Exploits
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Honours
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 rewarded
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 those
                 which
                 they
                 themselves
                 expect
                 ;
                 't
                 was
                 upon
                 this
                 Account
                 that
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highnesses
                 Predecessors
                 bestowed
                 eternal
                 marks
                 of
                 Honour
                 upon
                 the
                 Services
                 of
                 some
                 great
                 Families
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
                 So
                 King
                 Iohn
                 II.
                 rewarded
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Counts
                 Ribadeo
                 ,
                 by
                 permitting
                 them
                 to
                 eat
                 at
                 the
                 King's
                 Table
                 upon
                 Tw●lfth-day
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Coat
                 which
                 his
                 Majesty
                 wore
                 that
                 day
                 ;
                 his
                 Catholick
                 Majesty
                 granted
                 the
                 same
                 Honour
                 to
                 the
                 Marquess
                 of
                 Cadiz
                 .
                 And
                 order'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 Coat
                 which
                 he
                 wore
                 upon
                 the
                 Feast
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Blessed
                   Virgin
                
                 :
                 to
                 the
                 Marquesses
                 of
                 Moya
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Cup
                 which
                 the
                 Kings
                 should
                 drink
                 out
                 of
                 upon
                 St.
                 
                 Lucia's
                 Day
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 Earls
                 of
                 Roca
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 Vera
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 all
                 of
                 that
                 House
                 a
                 Grant
                 for
                 each
                 ,
                 to
                 exempt
                 thirty
                 persons
                 from
                 all
                 Taxes
                 ;
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 met
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 at
                 Savona
                 ,
                 invited
                 the
                 great
                 Captain
                 Gonsalvo
                 to
                 Table
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 at
                 whose
                 house
                 also
                 he
                 staid
                 at
                 his
                 Entry
                 into
                 Naples
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 wonder
                 since
                 he
                 ow'd
                 him
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 and
                 all
                 Spain
                 ,
                 its
                 Glory
                 and
                 Success
                 †
                 ?
                 Of
                 him
                 might
                 well
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 what
                 Tacitus
                 says
                 of
                 another
                 brave
                 and
                 valiant
                 General
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 Body
                 was
                 all
                 the
                 beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Cherus●i
                 ;
                 and
                 whatever
                 was
                 done
                 with
                 Success
                 was
                 the
                 result
                 of
                 his
                 Counsel
                 4
                 .
                 The
                 Valour
                 and
                 Conduct
                 of
                 one
                 Minister
                 is
                 often
                 the
                 Foundation
                 and
                 Rise
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 founded
                 in
                 America
                 is
                 owing
                 to
                 
                   Herman
                   Cortez
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pizarrs
                 .
                 The
                 single
                 Valour
                 and
                 Industry
                 of
                 the
                 Marquess
                 of
                 Aytona
                 ,
                 kept
                 the
                 Netherlands
                 from
                 revolting
                 upon
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Infanta
                   Isabella
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 our
                 present
                 Ministers
                 have
                 been
                 the
                 chief
                 Instruments
                 in
                 preserving
                 the
                 Empire
                 in
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Tranquility
                 which
                 Italy
                 has
                 so
                 long
                 enjoyed
                 ,
                 whose
                 great
                 Rewards
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 spark
                 to
                 kindle
                 a
                 glorious
                 Emulation
                 in
                 others
                 .
                 By
                 recompencing
                 one
                 Service
                 you
                 purchase
                 many
                 
                 more
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 noble
                 Usury
                 which
                 enriches
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 enlarges
                 and
                 secures
                 their
                 Estates
                 ;
                 the
                 Ottoman
                 Empire
                 flourishes
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 encourages
                 and
                 prefers
                 Valour
                 in
                 whomsoever
                 it
                 is
                 conspicuous
                 .
                 The
                 Fabrick
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 arrived
                 at
                 this
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 because
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 Charles
                 V.
                 and
                 Philip
                 II.
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 hew
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 proportion
                 the
                 Stones
                 to
                 its
                 bigness
                 .
                 Princes
                 complain
                 of
                 this
                 Age
                 of
                 being
                 barren
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 productive
                 of
                 such
                 great
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 not
                 considering
                 that
                 the
                 Reason
                 is
                 that
                 they
                 don't
                 look
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 do
                 find
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 don't
                 give
                 them
                 sufficient
                 Encouragement
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 promote
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 depends
                 more
                 upon
                 Chance
                 than
                 Choice
                 .
                 Nature
                 always
                 produces
                 some
                 great
                 Genius's
                 ,
                 but
                 Princes
                 don't
                 always
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 How
                 many
                 excellent
                 Genius's
                 and
                 great
                 Spirits
                 are
                 born
                 and
                 die
                 in
                 Obscurity
                 ,
                 who
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 imployed
                 and
                 exercis'd
                 in
                 Business
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 the
                 Admiration
                 of
                 Mankind
                 :
                 Ossat
                 had
                 died
                 Chaplain
                 of
                 St.
                 Lewis
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 having
                 done
                 so
                 many
                 signal
                 Services
                 to
                 France
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 of
                 France
                 observing
                 his
                 great
                 Abilities
                 procur'd
                 him
                 a
                 Cardinals
                 Hat.
                 If
                 a
                 Prince
                 suffers
                 a
                 great
                 Soul
                 to
                 herd
                 with
                 the
                 common
                 Rout
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 live
                 and
                 die
                 like
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 without
                 performing
                 any
                 thing
                 remarkable
                 or
                 glorious
                 .
                 Christ
                 went
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Tabur
                 with
                 three
                 of
                 his
                 Disciples
                 only
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 rest
                 with
                 the
                 multitude
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 their
                 Faith
                 immediately
                 cool'd
                 5
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 cure
                 a
                 posses●
                 person
                 6
                 .
                 Great
                 Spirits
                 do
                 not
                 flourish
                 nor
                 Blossom
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 are
                 water'd
                 by
                 the
                 Dew
                 of
                 Favour
                 .
                 That
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 ,
                 who
                 shall
                 sow
                 Honours
                 shall
                 reap
                 able
                 Statesmen
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 sow
                 them
                 in
                 Season
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 always
                 ready
                 upon
                 all
                 Occasions
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 they
                 are
                 rarely
                 t●
                 be
                 found
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Princes
                 are
                 usually
                 careless
                 while
                 they
                 li●●
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 Quiet
                 ,
                 thinking
                 they
                 shall
                 never
                 have
                 need
                 o●
                 them
                 .
              
               
               
                 Nor
                 should
                 a
                 Prince
                 honour
                 and
                 prefer
                 only
                 his
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 all
                 others
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 whose
                 Actions
                 shall
                 be
                 meritorious
                 .
                 As
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 prudently
                 advises
                 in
                 his
                 Laws
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 honour
                 Vertue
                 wheresoever
                 he
                 finds
                 it
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 meanest
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 cautious
                 in
                 the
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Honours
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 time
                 and
                 weighing
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 the
                 persons
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 exactly
                 adapted
                 to
                 their
                 Merit
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 distinguishes
                 Dignities
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 intrinsick
                 worth
                 of
                 a
                 Diamond
                 makes
                 it
                 more
                 valuable
                 ;
                 if
                 Honours
                 were
                 all
                 equal
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 less
                 valued
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 not
                 to
                 reward
                 Desert
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 more
                 incenses
                 the
                 People
                 than
                 it
                 ;
                 a
                 whole
                 Government
                 is
                 disordered
                 by
                 the
                 unequal
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Preferments
                 ,
                 Rewards
                 above
                 Desert
                 are
                 a
                 Scandal
                 to
                 the
                 receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Affront
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 deserve
                 better
                 .
                 One
                 is
                 gratified
                 ;
                 many
                 offended
                 .
                 To
                 gratifie
                 all
                 alike
                 is
                 ●o
                 reward
                 none
                 .
                 Vertue
                 thrives
                 not
                 by
                 equality
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 Valour
                 ever
                 attempt
                 any
                 considerable
                 Action
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 some
                 particular
                 Reward
                 .
                 A
                 Statue
                 erected
                 for
                 one
                 ,
                 affects
                 many
                 with
                 a
                 glorious
                 Desire
                 of
                 obtaining
                 the
                 same
                 Honour
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 Honour
                 suited
                 to
                 a
                 persons
                 Merit
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Spur
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 an
                 Encouragement
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 means
                 to
                 preserve
                 Obedience
                 in
                 the
                 people
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 though
                 nothing
                 more
                 firmly
                 settles
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 gloriously
                 adorns
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Throne
                 than
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Honours
                 ,
                 yet
                 ought
                 he
                 diligently
                 to
                 take
                 Care
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 Grant
                 away
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 proper
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 and
                 distinguish
                 him
                 from
                 others
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 like
                 Flames
                 which
                 passing
                 to
                 another
                 Subject
                 ,
                 still
                 remains
                 entire
                 in
                 its
                 own
                 ;
                 but
                 all
                 such
                 which
                 he
                 shall
                 confer
                 on
                 others
                 ,
                 will
                 no
                 more
                 shine
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 Majesty
                 will
                 be
                 obscur'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 any
                 make
                 their
                 Applications
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 has
                 granted
                 such
                 Honours
                 ;
                 Tiberius
                 would
                 not
                 permit
                 even
                 his
                 Mother
                 Livia
                 to
                 receive
                 those
                 particular
                 Honours
                 which
                 the
                 Senate
                 design'd
                 because
                 he
                 thought
                 't
                 would
                 diminish
                 his
                 Authority
                 7
                 .
                 Even
                 Ceremonies
                 which
                 were
                 
                 introduced
                 either
                 by
                 Chance
                 or
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 now
                 peculiar
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 common
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 vain
                 and
                 empty
                 ,
                 they
                 mark
                 out
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Majesty
                 to
                 Respect
                 and
                 Veneration
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 disgusted
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 publick
                 Prayers
                 were
                 made
                 for
                 Nero
                 and
                 Drusus
                 which
                 were
                 made
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 his
                 Sons
                 and
                 Successours
                 in
                 the
                 Empire
                 8
                 ;
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Princes
                 vanishes
                 ,
                 when
                 made
                 common
                 by
                 promiscuous
                 Flattery
                 9
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 though
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 Ministers
                 do
                 personate
                 the
                 Prince
                 in
                 his
                 absence
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 Honours
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 if
                 present
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 fee
                 in
                 Vice-Roys
                 and
                 Courts
                 of
                 Supream
                 Authority
                 ,
                 which
                 like
                 Stars
                 shine
                 in
                 the
                 Suns
                 absence
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 in
                 his
                 Presence
                 ,
                 for
                 then
                 those
                 marks
                 of
                 Honour
                 are
                 paid
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 Dignity
                 represented
                 in
                 the
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 Pictures
                 of
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 reflection
                 of
                 Supream
                 Authority
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LIX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 NATURE
                 ,
                 the
                 provident
                 Disposer
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 has
                 divided
                 Countries
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 hedg'd
                 'em
                 in
                 sometimes
                 with
                 Mountains
                 like
                 ●ast
                 Walls
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 entrenched
                 'em
                 about
                 with
                 deep
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 with
                 the
                 Ocean
                 it self
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 ●ight
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 Designs
                 of
                 humane
                 Ambition
                 ;
                 for
                 ●he
                 same
                 Reason
                 she
                 has
                 constituted
                 different
                 Climates
                 ,
                 Na●ures
                 ,
                 Languages
                 ,
                 and
                 Customs
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 this
                 great
                 Diversity
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 each
                 might
                 live
                 amicably
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Unity
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 not
                 easily
                 giving
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Tyran●y
                 of
                 Invaders
                 .
                 Yet
                 are
                 not
                 all
                 these
                 bars
                 and
                 fences
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 able
                 to
                 check
                 this
                 insatiable
                 Desire
                 of
                 Rule
                 ;
                 for
                 Ambition
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 so
                 deeply
                 rooted
                 in
                 Man's
                 heart
                 ,
                 ●hat
                 it
                 thinks
                 the
                 five
                 Zones
                 too
                 narrow
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 ●hey
                 say
                 wept
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 more
                 Worlds
                 to
                 Conquer
                 .
                 
                 All
                 the
                 Blessings
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 nay
                 Life
                 it self
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 our
                 natural
                 Inclinations
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 ,
                 are
                 all
                 slighted
                 for
                 a
                 moments
                 Reign
                 .
                 Humaya
                 going
                 to
                 invade
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 o●
                 Cordova
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 di●swaded
                 him
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 urging
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 the
                 Attempt
                 :
                 
                   Call
                   me
                   King
                   to
                   day
                   ,
                   say●
                   he
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   morrow
                   kill
                   me
                   ;
                
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Passion
                 in
                 Ma●
                 more
                 blind
                 and
                 dangerous
                 than
                 this
                 .
                 This
                 has
                 cost
                 many
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Estates
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 there
                 by
                 enlarged
                 .
                 A
                 certain
                 Prince
                 of
                 Tartary
                 usually
                 drank
                 ou●
                 of
                 a
                 Cup
                 on
                 which
                 was
                 engraven
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 o●
                 Muscovy
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 invading
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 lost
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 wit●
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 about
                 the
                 edge
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 this
                 Inscription
                 :
                 
                   This
                   Prince
                   by
                   coveting
                   mine
                   ,
                   lost
                   his
                   own
                   .
                
              
               
                 Almost
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 befell
                 King
                 Sancho
                 ,
                 who
                 woul●
                 have
                 rob'd
                 his
                 Brothers
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 which
                 their
                 Father
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 had
                 divided
                 between
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 Ambitio●
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 but
                 puts
                 its
                 Arm
                 out
                 of
                 its
                 Territories
                 like
                 the
                 Snail
                 which
                 runs
                 a
                 Risque
                 whenever
                 it
                 peeps
                 out
                 o●
                 its
                 shell
                 1
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 Tyridates
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 't
                 is
                 for
                 private
                 Men
                 to
                 maintain
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 Kings
                 to
                 invad●
                 others
                 2
                 ;
                 yet
                 this
                 is
                 only
                 then
                 ;
                 when
                 reason
                 and
                 pruden●●
                 advise
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 Power
                 has
                 no
                 other
                 Tribunal
                 than
                 that
                 o●
                 Arms
                 ;
                 for
                 whoever
                 unjustly
                 robs
                 another
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 gives
                 others
                 opportunity
                 and
                 right
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 him
                 first
                 let
                 a
                 Prince
                 consider
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 before
                 〈◊〉
                 thinks
                 of
                 invading
                 another's
                 Kingdom
                 3
                 :
                 for
                 which
                 Re●son
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Rodolphus
                 I.
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   'T
                   was
                   bett●●
                   to
                   govern
                   well
                   than
                   to
                   enlarge
                   a
                   Kingdom
                   ;
                
                 if
                 King
                 ●phonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 had
                 took
                 this
                 Advice
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 pursu●
                 his
                 Pretentions
                 to
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 so
                 evident
                 peril
                 his
                 own
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 comparison
                 of
                 Alphonso
                 Ki●●
                 of
                 Naples
                 was
                 very
                 applicable
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 That
                 such
                 ambit●ous
                 
                 Princes
                 were
                 like
                 Gamesters
                 ,
                 who
                 cheated
                 by
                 a
                 vain
                 hope
                 of
                 winning
                 ,
                 lose
                 even
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 .
                 To
                 defend
                 ●his
                 State
                 is
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Duty
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 invade
                 another's
                 is
                 ●erely
                 Arbitrary
                 .
                 Ambition
                 hurries
                 Men
                 to
                 new
                 and
                 dangerous
                 Attempts
                 4
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 has
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 co●ets
                 .
                 It
                 encreases
                 with
                 Empire
                 5
                 .
                 Opportunities
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 easiness
                 of
                 the
                 means
                 charm
                 Princes
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Hearts
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 them
                 from
                 understanding
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 covet
                 all
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 obtain
                 ;
                 a
                 generous
                 mind
                 should
                 be
                 regulated
                 by
                 Reason
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 safest
                 who
                 ●ossesses
                 most
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 who
                 possesses
                 most
                 lawfully
                 .
                 Too
                 great
                 an
                 extent
                 of
                 Power
                 ,
                 creates
                 Emulation
                 and
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 ●ncreases
                 Danger
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 arm
                 and
                 unite
                 against
                 the
                 ●trongest
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 did
                 against
                 Alphonso
                 III.
                 whose
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 they
                 suspected
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 desirable
                 to
                 have
                 Power
                 well
                 grounded
                 and
                 ●stablish'd
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 exercise
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 as
                 much
                 Danger
                 ●n
                 maintaining
                 as
                 in
                 procuring
                 it
                 .
                 Were
                 there
                 no
                 foreign
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 affluence
                 of
                 Plenty
                 would
                 sufficiently
                 enervate
                 it
                 ;
                 ●s
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 old
                 Rome
                 found
                 6
                 ,
                 which
                 
                 Augustus
                 ●oreseeing
                 ,
                 proposed
                 to
                 Remedy
                 it
                 by
                 prescribing
                 Bounds
                 to
                 ●
                 7
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Adrian
                 afterwards
                 effected
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 bridle
                 his
                 Felicity
                 and
                 he
                 will
                 Reign
                 well
                 8
                 .
                 T
                 is
                 no
                 difficult
                 matter
                 for
                 Injustice
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 if
                 arm'd
                 with
                 Power
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 and
                 extend
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 ●
                 in
                 the
                 preservation
                 thereof
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 harder
                 matter
                 to
                 Govern
                 well
                 than
                 to
                 Conquer
                 9
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 in
                 Arms
                 usually
                 Fortune
                 takes
                 place
                 ,
                 but
                 Govern●ent
                 depends
                 on
                 Prudence
                 10
                 .
                 Success
                 enters
                 the
                 gate
                 ●ithout
                 being
                 called
                 ,
                 by
                 Merit
                 or
                 Industry
                 ,
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 Pru●ence
                 only
                 that
                 keeps
                 her
                 there
                 .
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Wise
                 gave
                 
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 why
                 't
                 was
                 less
                 difficult
                 to
                 get
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 ma●●tain
                 when
                 got
                 ;
                 
                   Because
                   the
                   preservation
                   depends
                   upo●
                   Judgment
                   ;
                
                 but
                 the
                 Acquisition
                 upon
                 Chance
                 .
                 Ho●
                 Fortune
                 with
                 both
                 hands
                 ,
                 or
                 she
                 'll
                 slip
                 from
                 you
                 11
                 A
                 Hedge-hog
                 [
                 from
                 whence
                 I
                 took
                 this
                 Emblem
                 ]
                 is
                 fou●
                 with
                 ease
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 hold
                 it
                 requires
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 yo●
                 must
                 apply
                 your
                 hand
                 so
                 as
                 gradually
                 to
                 smooth
                 down
                 〈◊〉
                 thorny
                 Bristles
                 ,
                 which
                 when
                 erected
                 resemble
                 a
                 Squadr●
                 of
                 Pikes
                 .
                 
                   
                     Claud.
                     
                  
                   
                     Arm'd
                     with
                     her self
                     she
                     does
                     securely
                     go
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Her self
                     ,
                     the
                     Quiver
                     ,
                     Arrow
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Bow.
                     
                  
                
                 Scarce
                 were
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 Spain
                 retir'd
                 from
                 the
                 Netherland●
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                   Don
                   John
                
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 when
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 R●bels
                 enter'd
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 an
                 easie
                 matter
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Fr●●
                 against
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 God
                 and
                 Man
                 to
                 seize
                 upon
                 the
                 Dutch●
                 of
                 Lorrain
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 maintain
                 it
                 now
                 ,
                 he
                 finds
                 it
                 expensive
                 a●
                 dangerous
                 ;
                 so
                 he
                 is
                 oblig'd
                 always
                 to
                 keep
                 an
                 arm'd
                 ha●
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Causes
                 which
                 occur
                 in
                 the
                 Acquisition
                 do●
                 always
                 in
                 the
                 Preservation
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 't
                 is
                 once
                 setled
                 ,
                 time
                 will
                 help
                 to
                 fix
                 it
                 ;
                 whence
                 happens
                 ,
                 that
                 sometimes
                 one
                 person
                 may
                 easily
                 maintain
                 Government
                 which
                 was
                 not
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 great
                 To●
                 and
                 Perils
                 of
                 many
                 .
              
               
                 Wherefore
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 Prince's
                 chief
                 Duty
                 to
                 preserve
                 〈◊〉
                 States
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 here
                 subjoyn
                 the
                 means
                 which
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 do●
                 by
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 descend
                 by
                 Succession
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 acquir'd●
                 Conquest
                 or
                 Election
                 .
                 I
                 first
                 premise
                 the
                 general
                 Caus●
                 which
                 usually
                 concur
                 in
                 attaining
                 and
                 maintaining
                 the
                 and
                 those
                 are
                 God
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 assists
                 us
                 with
                 Religi●
                 and
                 Justice
                 ;
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 concurrence
                 of
                 Causes
                 pen
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 Grandeur
                 ;
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 maki●●
                 these
                 Opportunities
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 using
                 them
                 when
                 offer'd
                 .
                 The
                 are
                 other
                 Instruments
                 common
                 to
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Governme●●
                 as
                 Valour
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Assiduity
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 the
                 Peop●●
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 Respect
                 and
                 Love
                 for
                 him
                 ;
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 ●
                 
                 Crown
                 ,
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Unity
                 in
                 Religion
                 ,
                 a
                 due
                 Administration
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 the
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Rewards
                 ;
                 the
                 Severity
                 of
                 Punishments
                 ;
                 the
                 Integrity
                 of
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 ;
                 the
                 good
                 Election
                 of
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 Privileges
                 and
                 Customs
                 ;
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 Youth
                 ;
                 the
                 Modesty
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 the
                 Purity
                 of
                 the
                 Coin
                 ;
                 the
                 Encrease
                 of
                 Trade
                 and
                 Arts
                 ;
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Obedience
                 ;
                 Concord
                 ,
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 and
                 publick
                 Riches
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 these
                 means
                 all
                 States
                 are
                 maintain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 each
                 requires
                 great
                 Care
                 and
                 Attention
                 ,
                 yet
                 do
                 those
                 which
                 descend
                 lineally
                 from
                 Father
                 to
                 Son
                 require
                 ●east
                 ;
                 for
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 and
                 Obedience
                 being
                 become
                 habitual
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 natural
                 to
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 they
                 forget
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Institution
                 ,
                 not
                 an
                 original
                 Pro●riety
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 dares
                 deny
                 him
                 Respect
                 and
                 Veneration
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 has
                 own'd
                 for
                 his
                 Lord
                 from
                 his
                 Birth
                 ;
                 all
                 are
                 ●w'd
                 by
                 fear
                 of
                 Punishment
                 from
                 the
                 Successour
                 ,
                 for
                 Crimes
                 which
                 they
                 shall
                 commit
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Reign
                 :
                 The
                 Sub●ects
                 easily
                 bear
                 and
                 wink
                 at
                 his
                 Failures
                 .
                 The
                 very
                 Tide
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 which
                 long
                 Custom
                 and
                 Experience
                 has
                 con●in'd
                 to
                 a
                 Channel
                 ,
                 secures
                 him
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 be
                 incapacitated
                 for
                 Government
                 ,
                 provided
                 he
                 be
                 of
                 an
                 easie
                 docile
                 Nature
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 one
                 that
                 will
                 Act
                 for
                 the
                 best
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 ●ake
                 Choice
                 of
                 good
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 or
                 should
                 happen
                 on
                 them
                 ●y
                 Chance
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 those
                 States
                 which
                 descend
                 by
                 an
                 indirect
                 Line
                 ,
                 or
                 ●y
                 Marriage
                 ;
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 manage
                 with
                 particular
                 Care
                 and
                 Circumspection
                 ,
                 especially
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 is
                 Reign
                 ;
                 in
                 this
                 those
                 Princes
                 run
                 great
                 Risques
                 ,
                 who
                 thro'
                 ●o
                 much
                 Zeal
                 ,
                 or
                 too
                 fond
                 a
                 Desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 reverse
                 the
                 ●ctions
                 and
                 Institutions
                 of
                 their
                 Predecessours
                 ,
                 introducing
                 ●ovelties
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 without
                 that
                 due
                 Moderation
                 and
                 ●rudence
                 which
                 is
                 necessary
                 even
                 in
                 changing
                 'em
                 into
                 bet●er
                 ;
                 for
                 
                 Plato's
                 Opinion
                 that
                 all
                 change
                 is
                 dangerous
                 except
                 ●om
                 bad
                 ,
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 understood
                 of
                 Governments
                 ,
                 which
                 〈◊〉
                 great
                 Risques
                 unless
                 remedied
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 〈◊〉
                 Order
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 which
                 does
                 not
                 leap
                 from
                 one
                 ex●eam
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 but
                 interposes
                 the
                 Temperature
                 of
                 the
                 ●ring
                 and
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Winters
                 
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 Summers
                 heat
                 :
                 
                   A
                   sudden
                   and
                   violent
                   chang●
                   is
                   troublesome
                   and
                   doubtful
                   ;
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   slow
                   and
                   gr●dual
                   is
                   always
                   more
                   easie
                   12
                   .
                
                 'T
                 is
                 dangerous
                 in
                 sailing
                 to
                 shift
                 the
                 Sails
                 upon
                 a
                 contrary
                 mind
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 mu●
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 be
                 changed
                 from
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 to
                 th●
                 other
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 't
                 is
                 requisite
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 at
                 the
                 begi●ning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 methods
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 king
                 Care
                 to
                 reform
                 it
                 by
                 Degrees
                 with
                 that
                 easiness
                 a●
                 moderation
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 shall
                 find
                 themselves
                 on
                 t'othe●
                 side
                 without
                 knowing
                 how
                 they
                 got
                 over
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 du●
                 not
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 abolish
                 the
                 publick
                 Sport●
                 introduc'd
                 by
                 Augustus
                 13
                 .
                 Galba
                 reigned
                 but
                 a
                 f●●
                 Months
                 ,
                 because
                 immediately
                 upon
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Thron●
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 punish
                 past
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 to
                 moderate
                 extravaga●
                 Donatives
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 curb
                 the
                 Licentiousness
                 and
                 Insole●
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 had
                 been
                 so
                 us'd
                 to
                 in
                 
                 Nero's
                 time
                 14
                 that
                 they
                 as
                 much
                 loved
                 their
                 Princes
                 Vices
                 ,
                 as
                 former
                 they
                 esteem'd
                 their
                 Vertues
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 befel
                 the
                 Empero●
                 Pertin●x
                 ,
                 for
                 designing
                 to
                 reform
                 the
                 Militia
                 ,
                 enerva●●
                 under
                 the
                 Luxurious
                 Reign
                 of
                 
                   Commodus
                   .
                   Lewis
                
                 XI
                 ▪
                 Ki●●
                 of
                 France
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 Errour
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 began
                 〈◊〉
                 Reign
                 with
                 the
                 severe
                 Punishment
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 princip●
                 Nobility
                 .
                 The
                 Excellence
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 Government
                 ought
                 〈◊〉
                 be
                 Benignity
                 ;
                 since
                 too
                 much
                 Rigour
                 and
                 Severity
                 is
                 〈◊〉
                 Vice
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 one
                 .
              
               
                 
                   What
                   dare
                   not
                   old
                   Kings
                   do
                   ?
                   The
                   softest
                   Chai●
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   Kingdoms
                   is
                   in
                   a
                   new
                   Princes
                   Reign
                   .
                
              
               
                 To
                 settle
                 a
                 Government
                 is
                 a
                 work
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 troublesome
                 to
                 reform
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 new
                 model
                 one
                 15
                 ;
                 for
                 〈◊〉
                 
                 reason
                 David
                 excus'd
                 himself
                 from
                 punishing
                 Ioab
                 for
                 the
                 Murther
                 of
                 Abner
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 weak
                 and
                 newly
                 anointed
                 King
                 16
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 he
                 fear'd
                 by
                 too
                 much
                 Severity
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 make
                 his
                 new
                 gotten
                 Government
                 odious
                 .
                 Rehoboam
                 had
                 never
                 ruined
                 himself
                 had
                 he
                 considered
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 by
                 the
                 Counsel
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 answer'd
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Israel
                 ,
                 who
                 desir'd
                 he
                 would
                 treat
                 'em
                 with
                 less
                 Severity
                 than
                 his
                 Father
                 had
                 done
                 ;
                 
                   My
                   Father
                   made
                   your
                   Yoke
                   heavy
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   will
                   add
                   to
                   your
                   Yoke
                   ;
                   my
                   Father
                   also
                   chastised
                   you
                   with
                   Whips
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   will
                   chastise
                   you
                   with
                   Scorpions
                
                 17
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 serviceable
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 at
                 his
                 entrance
                 upon
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 signalize
                 himself
                 by
                 some
                 glorious
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 for
                 Reputation
                 once
                 got
                 is
                 not
                 immediately
                 lost
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 
                   Domitius
                   Corbulo
                
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 into
                 Armenia
                 took
                 particular
                 Care
                 to
                 raise
                 his
                 Reputation
                 18
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Agricola
                 did
                 in
                 his
                 Government
                 of
                 Britain
                 ,
                 knowing
                 that
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 his
                 first
                 Actions
                 would
                 byass
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 19
              
               
                 The
                 comparison
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 make
                 between
                 the
                 past
                 and
                 present
                 Administration
                 is
                 always
                 of
                 ill
                 consequence
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 don't
                 find
                 in
                 this
                 the
                 same
                 Felicity
                 they
                 did
                 in
                 t'other
                 ,
                 or
                 don
                 't
                 perceive
                 the
                 same
                 Parts
                 and
                 Qualifications
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Prince
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 his
                 Predecessor
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 therfore
                 take
                 Care
                 as
                 much
                 can
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 difference
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 hand
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 hold
                 the
                 Reins
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 either
                 cannot
                 ,
                 or
                 knows
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 adjust
                 his
                 Actions
                 to
                 the
                 Peoples
                 humour
                 as
                 his
                 Predecessour
                 did
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 more
                 particularly
                 avoid
                 occasion
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 breed
                 Comparisons
                 .
                 Which
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 never
                 present
                 at
                 publick
                 Shews
                 ,
                 fearing
                 that
                 his
                 rough
                 melancholy
                 Temper
                 ,
                 compar'd
                 to
                 the
                 complaisant
                 Gaiety
                 of
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 offensive
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 20
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 as
                 
                 soon
                 as
                 a
                 Prince
                 comes
                 to
                 the
                 Helm
                 of
                 Affairs
                 he
                 should
                 diligently
                 enquire
                 ,
                 what
                 things
                 were
                 distasteful
                 in
                 the
                 past
                 Reign
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 avoid
                 them
                 ;
                 this
                 was
                 
                 Nero's
                 Maxim
                 at
                 his
                 Accession
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 prescribing
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Plan
                 of
                 his
                 future
                 Government
                 ,
                 sedulously
                 declining
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 had
                 lately
                 bred
                 Disgust
                 21
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 also
                 adjust
                 his
                 Actions
                 to
                 the
                 Customs
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 methods
                 of
                 his
                 Predecessor
                 ,
                 for
                 even
                 the
                 Vertues
                 of
                 the
                 Successour
                 which
                 are
                 new
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 a●
                 the
                 Predecessour
                 and
                 the
                 Nation
                 in
                 general
                 were
                 unacquainted
                 with
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 look
                 upon
                 as
                 Vices
                 and
                 loath
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 The
                 Parthians
                 demanded
                 Vono
                 for
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 a
                 Person
                 endu'd
                 with
                 the
                 Gentile
                 Accomplishments
                 of
                 Rome
                 (
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 as
                 Hostage
                 )
                 but
                 those
                 Vertues
                 lost
                 him
                 the
                 Affections
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 regarded
                 them
                 as
                 nothing
                 but
                 new
                 Vices
                 22
                 ;
                 they
                 were
                 disgusted
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 give
                 his
                 mind
                 to
                 Horses
                 and
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 Predecessors
                 did
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 they
                 all
                 loved
                 Nero
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 accommodated
                 himself
                 to
                 their
                 Customs
                 23
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 this
                 difference
                 of
                 Manners
                 in
                 the
                 Princes
                 Person
                 produces
                 these
                 Effects
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 greater
                 will
                 the
                 Alteration
                 of
                 the
                 Customs
                 and
                 Ways
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 create
                 ?
                 But
                 if
                 Correction
                 be
                 necessary
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 apply'd
                 with
                 such
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 neither
                 make
                 the
                 Prince
                 seem
                 severe
                 nor
                 remiss
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 negligence
                 of
                 the
                 Predecessour
                 was
                 very
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 require
                 a
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Activity
                 and
                 Diligence
                 of
                 the
                 Successour
                 is
                 very
                 opportune
                 ;
                 as
                 was
                 visible
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Years
                 of
                 your
                 Royal
                 Highnesses
                 renown'd
                 Father
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 generous
                 piece
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 begin
                 his
                 Reign
                 with
                 pardoning
                 all
                 offences
                 against
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 punishing
                 those
                 committed
                 against
                 others
                 ;
                 nothing
                 gai●●
                 People's
                 esteem
                 and
                 respect
                 more
                 than
                 this
                 24
                 .
                 As
                 the
                 Emperours
                 Vesp●si●
                 and
                 Titus
                 found
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 Charles
                 VII
                 .
                 
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 Consideration
                 Witiza
                 remitted
                 the
                 Banishment
                 of
                 those
                 whom
                 his
                 Father
                 had
                 condemned
                 ,
                 and
                 caused
                 their
                 Tryals
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 great
                 means
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 secure
                 the
                 Crown
                 upon
                 his
                 Head.
                 
              
               
                 Though
                 these
                 Acts
                 are
                 highly
                 requisite
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 main
                 Point
                 is
                 the
                 gaining
                 the
                 Love
                 and
                 Obedience
                 of
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 which
                 two
                 Kings
                 of
                 Arragon
                 were
                 absolute
                 Masters
                 of
                 †
                 :
                 One
                 was
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 I
                 who
                 going
                 to
                 take
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 for
                 his
                 Wife
                 Terraca
                 ,
                 behaved
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Complaisance
                 and
                 Affability
                 to
                 all
                 ;
                 he
                 heard
                 Causes
                 ,
                 and
                 administer'd
                 Justi●e
                 himself
                 ;
                 he
                 protected
                 Widows
                 and
                 Orphans
                 ,
                 reliev'd
                 the
                 Poor
                 ,
                 honour'd
                 and
                 reward'd
                 the
                 Nobility
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Desert
                 ,
                 prefer'd
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 plentiful
                 and
                 populous
                 ,
                 which
                 acquir'd
                 him
                 the
                 Affections
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 was
                 Alphonso
                 V.
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 himself
                 extreamly
                 beloved
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 care
                 and
                 prudence
                 in
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 due
                 Disposal
                 of
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishments
                 ,
                 by
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 Complaisance
                 and
                 Easiness
                 of
                 Access
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Love
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 Well-fare
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 so
                 exact
                 a
                 Conformation
                 to
                 the
                 Manners
                 and
                 Customs
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 seem'd
                 a
                 natural
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 foreign
                 Prince
                 .
                 Those
                 Kings
                 who
                 have
                 their
                 Residence
                 among
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 may
                 gain
                 their
                 hearts
                 more
                 easily
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 who
                 reside
                 in
                 distant
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 their
                 Loyalty
                 does
                 not
                 grow
                 quite
                 cold
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 at
                 most
                 but
                 Luke-warm
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Excellence
                 of
                 the
                 Constitution
                 can
                 preserve
                 its
                 heat
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 by
                 providing
                 able
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 severely
                 punishing
                 their
                 Faults
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 which
                 they
                 commit
                 against
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Estates
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Comfort
                 absent
                 Subjects
                 have
                 is
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 they
                 shall
                 feel
                 the
                 Effect
                 of
                 it
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 if
                 present
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 least
                 under
                 the
                 Lash
                 of
                 his
                 Tyranny
                 25
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 such
                 Kingdoms
                 love
                 Novelty
                 and
                 Change
                 and
                 require
                 the
                 Presence
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 to
                 govern
                 them
                 ;
                 
                 the
                 Confidence
                 which
                 he
                 puts
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 arm'd
                 and
                 senced
                 from
                 all
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 using
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 which
                 we
                 prescrib'd
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 a
                 Conquer'd
                 Kingdom
                 ?
                 Elective
                 Kingdoms
                 which
                 are
                 obtain'd
                 by
                 Favour
                 are
                 also
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 though
                 this
                 very
                 rarely
                 continues
                 long
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 all
                 new
                 Empires
                 begin
                 with
                 Applause
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 this
                 't
                 is
                 but
                 short
                 and
                 soon
                 over
                 ;
                 amidst
                 the
                 very
                 Acclamations
                 ,
                 when
                 Saul
                 was
                 anointed
                 King
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 began
                 to
                 distrust
                 and
                 slight
                 him
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 chosen
                 by
                 God
                 himself
                 26
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 Ways
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 person
                 Elected
                 ,
                 may
                 preserve
                 the
                 Peoples
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 by
                 maintaining
                 those
                 Vertues
                 and
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 him
                 at
                 first
                 thought
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 ;
                 for
                 Men
                 usually
                 change
                 their
                 Manners
                 with
                 their
                 Fortunes
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 had
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 Character
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 private
                 Person
                 and
                 liv'd
                 under
                 Augustus
                 27
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 had
                 Galba
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 be
                 Courteous
                 and
                 obliging
                 to
                 all
                 28
                 .
                 Grateful
                 and
                 Liberal
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 Elected
                 him
                 ;
                 civil
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 gave
                 their
                 Votes
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 be
                 a
                 zealous
                 Lover
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 .
                 And
                 a
                 vigorous
                 Assertor
                 of
                 its
                 Laws
                 and
                 Privileges
                 ;
                 let
                 his
                 Council
                 be
                 compos'd
                 of
                 the
                 Natives
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 imploying
                 them
                 alone
                 in
                 Offices
                 and
                 places
                 of
                 Trust
                 ,
                 not
                 admitting
                 Foreigners
                 and
                 Relations
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 maintain
                 his
                 Family
                 with
                 modesty
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 temper
                 Majesty
                 with
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 and
                 Justice
                 with
                 Clemency
                 ;
                 let
                 him
                 so
                 govern
                 as
                 if
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 came
                 by
                 Descent
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 should
                 transmit
                 to
                 his
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 not
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 Elective
                 ,
                 fleecing
                 it
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 can
                 during
                 his
                 Reign
                 ;
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Poet.
                 
                 
                   A
                   short
                   Reign
                   never
                   spares
                   the
                   People
                   29
                   :
                
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 moderate
                 in
                 Grandeur
                 which
                 must
                 die
                 with
                 us
                 30
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Prince
                 ought
                 moreover
                 to
                 be
                 peaceable
                 ,
                 not
                 an
                 Invader
                 of
                 others
                 :
                 for
                 Elective
                 Kingdoms
                 fear
                 such
                 a
                 Master
                 ,
                 whose
                 mind
                 is
                 bent
                 upon
                 Conquering
                 others
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 love
                 him
                 who
                 is
                 only
                 careful
                 in
                 preserving
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 Poland
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 evident
                 that
                 all
                 Kingdoms
                 were
                 at
                 first
                 Elective
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 only
                 Ambition
                 of
                 enlarging
                 them
                 by
                 invading
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 so
                 many
                 have
                 lost
                 that
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 taken
                 from
                 others
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 possible
                 ,
                 that
                 among
                 so
                 many
                 Casualties
                 and
                 Dangers
                 of
                 Election
                 ,
                 this
                 Enlargement
                 of
                 States
                 should
                 be
                 lasting
                 ,
                 for
                 those
                 very
                 Arms
                 which
                 make
                 those
                 additional
                 Conquests
                 ,
                 will
                 reduce
                 them
                 to
                 Hereditary
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 31
                 
                 Galba's
                 excuse
                 for
                 not
                 converting
                 the
                 Empire
                 into
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 Elective
                 Monarchies
                 love
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 governed
                 without
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 since
                 Election
                 is
                 the
                 Scale
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 weight
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 always
                 stand
                 on
                 that
                 side
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 he
                 gives
                 the
                 least
                 Suspicion
                 that
                 he
                 intends
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Crown
                 Hereditary
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 certainly
                 lose
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 States
                 acquir'd
                 by
                 Conquest
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 difficulty
                 in
                 attaining
                 than
                 preserving
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 like
                 wild
                 Colts
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 main
                 Trouble
                 is
                 backing
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 afterwards
                 they
                 willingly
                 take
                 the
                 Bitt
                 ,
                 and
                 submit
                 to
                 the
                 burthen
                 .
                 Fear
                 and
                 Flattery
                 open
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 Dominion
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 Asc●nt
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 steep
                 and
                 difficult
                 32
                 ,
                 but
                 once
                 setled
                 you
                 want
                 neither
                 Partizans
                 nor
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 yet
                 since
                 these
                 Services
                 are
                 generally
                 forced
                 and
                 counterfeit
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 revolt
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 entertain'd
                 and
                 cherish'd
                 with
                 great
                 Care
                 ,
                 especially
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 since
                 from
                 the
                 first
                 Actions
                 we
                 easily
                 Judge
                 of
                 the
                 future
                 Government
                 ;
                 as
                 Vitellius
                 experienced
                 ,
                 who
                 grew
                 hateful
                 and
                 odious
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Dolabella
                 33
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 Piso
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 acquir'd
                 by
                 ill
                 Practices
                 
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 good
                 ones
                 34
                 ,
                 yet
                 King
                 Sancho
                 did
                 this
                 way
                 establish
                 his
                 doubtful
                 Title
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 got
                 by
                 Conquest
                 .
                 Princes
                 are
                 soon
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 striving
                 to
                 preserve
                 that
                 by
                 Force
                 which
                 they
                 got
                 so
                 .
                 This
                 pernicious
                 piece
                 of
                 Policy
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 all
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 has
                 preserved
                 himself
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 because
                 he
                 chang'd
                 his
                 Tyranny
                 into
                 Benevolence
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 into
                 Clemency
                 :
                 Vice
                 cannot
                 subsist
                 long
                 unless
                 Vertue
                 be
                 its
                 substitute
                 ;
                 Ambition
                 unjust
                 in
                 acquiring
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 must
                 change
                 into
                 Zeal
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 Good
                 to
                 maintain
                 it self
                 .
                 Subjects
                 love
                 their
                 Prince
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 private
                 Interests
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 succeed
                 in
                 both
                 ,
                 their
                 Fear
                 soon
                 changes
                 into
                 Reverence
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Hatred
                 into
                 Respect
                 :
                 but
                 Care
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 that
                 this
                 Reformation
                 of
                 Vices
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 now
                 publickly
                 known
                 ,
                 be
                 not
                 so
                 sudden
                 nor
                 affected
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 Design
                 not
                 Nature
                 ,
                 whose
                 Operations
                 are
                 slow
                 and
                 methodical
                 ,
                 so
                 Otho
                 thought
                 ;
                 that
                 a
                 sudden
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 or
                 affected
                 Gravity
                 could
                 not
                 preserve
                 the
                 Empire
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 attain'd
                 by
                 Villany
                 35
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 are
                 more
                 apprehensive
                 of
                 such
                 Changes
                 than
                 of
                 Vices
                 themselves
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 suspect
                 greater
                 mischief
                 at
                 the
                 Bottom
                 .
                 Feign'd
                 Vertue
                 is
                 worse
                 than
                 Vice
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 is
                 executed
                 under
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Augustus
                 was
                 an
                 admirable
                 Pattern
                 of
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Valour
                 ,
                 in
                 raising
                 and
                 supporting
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 which
                 all
                 Princes
                 ought
                 to
                 Copy
                 .
                 At
                 nineteen
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 he
                 shew'd
                 himself
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 by
                 sustaining
                 the
                 Civil
                 36
                 Wars
                 .
                 From
                 which
                 time
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 raise
                 his
                 Fortunes
                 .
                 Empires
                 are
                 not
                 obtain'd
                 by
                 deserving
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 having
                 merited
                 them
                 .
                 One
                 Victory
                 proclaim'd
                 him
                 Emperour
                 37
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Opportunity
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 of
                 Opportunity
                 in
                 triumphing
                 over
                 Anthony
                 and
                 Lepidus
                 38
                 ,
                 of
                 Prudence
                 in
                 not
                 entering
                 by
                 open
                 Force
                 ,
                 
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 weary
                 of
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 39
                 ,
                 the
                 Empire
                 was
                 naked
                 and
                 defenceless
                 40
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 most
                 Couragious
                 being
                 taken
                 off
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Wars
                 or
                 Proscriptions
                 41
                 .
                 The
                 Provinces
                 were
                 disgusted
                 at
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 shew'd
                 their
                 Inclination
                 to
                 change
                 it
                 42
                 ;
                 Dissentions
                 and
                 civil
                 Discords
                 ,
                 oblig'd
                 'em
                 to
                 apply
                 the
                 usual
                 Remedy
                 of
                 turning
                 Aristocracy
                 into
                 Monarchy
                 43
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 Concurrents
                 manag'd
                 by
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 facilitated
                 his
                 Access
                 to
                 the
                 Empire
                 ;
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Conduct
                 he
                 maintain'd
                 ,
                 he
                 oblig'd
                 the
                 Mobb
                 ,
                 by
                 defending
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 a
                 Tribune
                 44
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 avoid
                 giving
                 Disgust
                 ,
                 he
                 neither
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 nor
                 Dictator
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 that
                 of
                 Prince
                 45
                 .
                 He
                 continued
                 the
                 Titles
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 he
                 engag'd
                 the
                 Souldiery
                 by
                 Gratuities
                 ;
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 in
                 general
                 by
                 the
                 sweets
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 by
                 Affability
                 ,
                 Civility
                 and
                 Clemency
                 46
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 courteous
                 even
                 to
                 his
                 Rivals
                 ,
                 Anthony
                 and
                 Lepidus
                 47
                 ,
                 and
                 reward●d
                 those
                 with
                 Honours
                 and
                 Riches
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 zealous
                 in
                 his
                 Service
                 48
                 .
                 He
                 very
                 rarely
                 was
                 severe
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 not
                 through
                 Passion
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 procure
                 the
                 publick
                 Quiet
                 49
                 .
                 He
                 captivat'd
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 ready
                 and
                 copious
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 very
                 becoming
                 his
                 Dignity
                 50
                 ;
                 he
                 us'd
                 Justice
                 among
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 Modesty
                 to
                 his
                 Allies
                 51
                 ;
                 he
                 shew'd
                 his
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 in
                 punishing
                 the
                 Debauching
                 of
                 his
                 Daughter
                 and
                 Neice
                 52
                 .
                 
                 He
                 took
                 Care
                 to
                 preserve
                 noble
                 Families
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 visible
                 in
                 his
                 Bounty
                 to
                 
                   Marcus
                   Hortalus
                
                 53
                 .
                 He
                 severely
                 punish'd
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 Libels
                 upon
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 54
                 ,
                 and
                 slighted
                 ,
                 those
                 upon
                 himself
                 and
                 Government
                 55
                 .
                 He
                 very
                 much
                 adorn'd
                 and
                 beautified
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 56
                 .
                 He
                 fix'd
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 keeping
                 a
                 Book
                 of
                 his
                 Revenues
                 and
                 Expences
                 57
                 He
                 erected
                 a
                 Military
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 dispos'd
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Armies
                 ,
                 Fleets
                 and
                 Provinces
                 might
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 take
                 hands
                 58
                 :
                 These
                 good
                 Qualities
                 made
                 the
                 Romans
                 chose
                 the
                 present
                 Government
                 which
                 was
                 secure
                 and
                 safe
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 run
                 the
                 Risque
                 and
                 uncertainty
                 of
                 the
                 Past
                 59
                 ;
                 Hence
                 they
                 first
                 became
                 fond
                 with
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 I
                 don't
                 relate
                 all
                 these
                 Arts
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 instruct
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 Tyrants
                 may
                 be
                 these
                 ways
                 reform
                 ,
                 by
                 joyning
                 these
                 to
                 the
                 Fear
                 ,
                 which
                 Force
                 and
                 Oppression
                 have
                 created
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 gain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sword
                 must
                 be
                 preserved
                 by
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 in
                 such
                 States
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 erect
                 Castles
                 and
                 Forts
                 ,
                 but
                 so
                 contriv'd
                 as
                 they
                 mayn't
                 seem
                 a
                 curb
                 to
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Protection
                 against
                 foreign
                 Invasions
                 ,
                 Garrisons
                 appointed
                 for
                 their
                 Safety
                 not
                 to
                 keep
                 'em
                 in
                 awe
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 always
                 makes
                 'em
                 desperate
                 .
                 The
                 Spaniards
                 were
                 so
                 offended
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Constans
                 should
                 commit
                 the
                 Guard
                 of
                 the
                 Pyrenaean
                 Hills
                 to
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 invited
                 (
                 though
                 to
                 their
                 great
                 Detriment
                 )
                 the
                 
                   Vandals
                   ,
                   Alans
                   ,
                   Swedes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Nations
                 into
                 Spain
                 .
                 Confidence
                 makes
                 Subjects
                 Loyal
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 the
                 Scipio's
                 give
                 the
                 Celtiberi●ns
                 leave
                 to
                 march
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 Colours
                 ,
                 and
                 lodge
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Tents
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 Also
                 
                 Augustus's
                 Life
                 Guard
                 were
                 Spaniards
                 of
                 the
                 Colaguritan
                 Legion
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 endeavour
                 gradually
                 to
                 
                 transplant
                 into
                 his
                 conquer'd
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 the
                 Customs
                 ,
                 Genius
                 and
                 Language
                 of
                 the
                 conquering
                 Nation
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 in
                 those
                 Colonies
                 which
                 were
                 founded
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 this
                 they
                 are
                 easily
                 brought
                 to
                 ,
                 being
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 imitate
                 their
                 Conquerours
                 ,
                 flattering
                 them
                 by
                 accommodating
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 Manners
                 and
                 Genius
                 ,
                 and
                 esteeming
                 their
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 and
                 Honours
                 more
                 than
                 their
                 own
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 the
                 Romans
                 gave
                 their
                 Friends
                 and
                 Confederates
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 Fidelity
                 .
                 The
                 Emperour
                 Vespasian
                 to
                 oblige
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 granted
                 them
                 all
                 the
                 Privileges
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 Acquir'd
                 Provinces
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 used
                 like
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 never
                 forget
                 their
                 Enmity
                 ;
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Reason
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Claudius
                 gave
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 Roman
                 Citizens
                 to
                 
                   Galli●
                   Comata
                
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Laced
                   aemonians
                
                 and
                 Athenians
                 were
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 nothing
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 using
                 their
                 conquer'd
                 Nations
                 as
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 their
                 Founder
                 Romulus
                 acted
                 with
                 more
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 saw
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 his
                 Fellow-Citizens
                 60
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 means
                 ,
                 foreign
                 Government
                 becomes
                 natural
                 ,
                 after
                 continuance
                 of
                 time
                 has
                 fix'd
                 and
                 setled
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 blotted
                 out
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 former
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Spain
                 in
                 its
                 Restauration
                 slighted
                 this
                 Policy
                 .
                 Esteeming
                 more
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 its
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 debase
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 Africk
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 would
                 not
                 share
                 any
                 of
                 its
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 and
                 Honours
                 with
                 this
                 conquer'd
                 People
                 ,
                 whence
                 though
                 united
                 in
                 one
                 Body
                 ,
                 they
                 kept
                 their
                 own
                 Customs
                 ,
                 and
                 Language
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 such
                 an
                 indelible
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 and
                 Treachery
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 forced
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 free
                 themselves
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 drive
                 'em
                 quite
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 deprive
                 themselves
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 so
                 useful
                 in
                 Agriculture
                 ;
                 which
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 wonder
                 at
                 their
                 Policy
                 ,
                 in
                 preferring
                 the
                 Splendour
                 of
                 their
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 advantage
                 and
                 interest
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Religion
                 to
                 humane
                 Prudence
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 changing
                 one
                 form
                 of
                 Government
                 into
                 another
                 ,
                 such
                 Skill
                 should
                 be
                 us'd
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 mayn't
                 perceive
                 the
                 change
                 ,
                 and
                 regret
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 at
                 the
                 Expulsion
                 of
                 Kings
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 Sacred
                 and
                 Profane
                 were
                 manag'd
                 with
                 that
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 did
                 not
                 perceive
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 those
                 Kings
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 before
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 management
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 when
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 was
                 turn'd
                 into
                 an
                 Empire
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 retain'd
                 the
                 same
                 Titles
                 61
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 order
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 shew
                 of
                 their
                 ancient
                 Liberty
                 62
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 was
                 this
                 established
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 The
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Tuscany
                 did
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 the
                 Dukedom
                 of
                 Florence
                 .
                 The
                 Emperour
                 Augustus
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Master
                 of
                 this
                 Policy
                 :
                 Disposing
                 things
                 by
                 Degrees
                 ,
                 executing
                 some
                 out
                 of
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 remitting
                 others
                 to
                 another
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 fearing
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 succeed
                 in
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 do
                 all
                 together
                 63
                 .
                 But
                 Samuel
                 was
                 more
                 worthy
                 of
                 admiration
                 ,
                 in
                 changing
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 the
                 Government
                 and
                 Policy
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 without
                 giving
                 any
                 one
                 occasion
                 of
                 Complaint
                 64
                 .
                 The
                 very
                 shadows
                 of
                 Liberty
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 dissipated
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 insensibly
                 disappear
                 as
                 Dominion
                 takes
                 Root
                 ;
                 this
                 Agricola
                 judg'd
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 to
                 manage
                 Britain
                 65
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Force
                 more
                 mild
                 and
                 effectual
                 in
                 maintaining
                 and
                 preserving
                 acquir'd
                 Provinces
                 than
                 Liberality
                 .
                 Men
                 have
                 worshipped
                 and
                 attributed
                 Divinity
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 things
                 Inanimate
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 received
                 any
                 benefit
                 from
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 easily
                 gain'd
                 by
                 Interest
                 ;
                 nor
                 do
                 they
                 much
                 care
                 what
                 hand
                 holds
                 the
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 whether
                 Foreign
                 or
                 Natural
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 be
                 Liberal
                 ;
                 they
                 who
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 oblig'd
                 by
                 Benefits
                 received
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 prove
                 false
                 ,
                 can
                 never
                 do
                 the
                 Prince
                 any
                 great
                 damage
                 by
                 their
                 Designs
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 Body
                 will
                 take
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 an
                 ungrateful
                 Person
                 .
                 
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 Scipio
                 upon
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 order'd
                 all
                 their
                 Goods
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 and
                 Sertorius
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Affections
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 by
                 moderating
                 their
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 and
                 constituting
                 a
                 Senate
                 in
                 Spain
                 like
                 that
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 King
                 Ervigius
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 secure
                 his
                 Throne
                 ,
                 lessen'd
                 the
                 Imposts
                 which
                 were
                 laid
                 upon
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 forgave
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 due
                 to
                 his
                 Treasury
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 in
                 their
                 conquer'd
                 Provinces
                 lessen'd
                 their
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 Dominion
                 seem
                 the
                 more
                 easie
                 66
                 ;
                 for
                 Subjects
                 can
                 better
                 brook
                 Slavery
                 it self
                 ,
                 than
                 Avarice
                 in
                 their
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Romans
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Rebellion
                 of
                 the
                 Frisians
                 67
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 cautious
                 of
                 oppressing
                 his
                 new
                 acquir'd
                 Provinces
                 with
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 but
                 especially
                 of
                 introducing
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 us'd
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 an
                 Introduction
                 is
                 odious
                 :
                 The
                 Cappadocians
                 revolted
                 ,
                 because
                 Archelaus
                 would
                 have
                 introduced
                 Taxes
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Roman
                 Fashion
                 68
                 .
              
               
                 Modesty
                 is
                 also
                 necessary
                 to
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 acquir'd
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 the
                 Senators
                 were
                 more
                 disgusted
                 at
                 
                 Caesar's
                 not
                 rising
                 up
                 when
                 they
                 entred
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 than
                 at
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Which
                 Tiberius
                 observing
                 ,
                 carried
                 himself
                 reservedly
                 and
                 modestly
                 toward
                 them
                 69
                 ;
                 the
                 People
                 take
                 more
                 notice
                 of
                 Accidents
                 than
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 Things
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 for
                 frivolous
                 empty
                 Punctilio's
                 of
                 Honour
                 Princes
                 lose
                 their
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 odious
                 to
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 Sejanus
                 thought
                 't
                 was
                 better
                 to
                 slight
                 the
                 empty
                 shadows
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 augment
                 real
                 Prower
                 70
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 valu'd
                 not
                 vain
                 Ceremonies
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 intent
                 upon
                 the
                 increase
                 and
                 preservation
                 of
                 their
                 Empire
                 71
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 Tiberius
                 like
                 a
                 prudent
                 Politician
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 vigorous
                 contemner
                 of
                 Honour
                 72
                 .
                 Nor
                 would
                 he
                 ever
                 permit
                 
                 the
                 farther
                 Spain
                 to
                 erect
                 Temples
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 nor
                 admit
                 of
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Father
                 of
                 his
                 Countrey
                 73
                 ,
                 well
                 knowing
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 inordinate
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 when
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 View
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 74
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 of
                 State
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Florence
                 ,
                 demean
                 themselves
                 with
                 great
                 Civility
                 to
                 their
                 Subjects
                 not
                 permitting
                 them
                 to
                 stop
                 ,
                 to
                 pay
                 their
                 Respects
                 when
                 they
                 pass
                 by
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 usual
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 After
                 that
                 Castile
                 had
                 refus'd
                 Obedience
                 to
                 Kings
                 ,
                 they
                 banish'd
                 those
                 high
                 sounding
                 Titles
                 ,
                 calling
                 their
                 Governours
                 only
                 Judges
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 received
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 same
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Moderation
                 ;
                 
                   Don
                   Ferdinand
                
                 the
                 Catholick
                 refus'd
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 King
                 [
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 Queen
                 ]
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 call'd
                 only
                 Governour
                 of
                 Castile
                 .
                 Some
                 States
                 in
                 Italy
                 which
                 aspire
                 to
                 Royal
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 will
                 I
                 believe
                 at
                 last
                 (
                 pray
                 God
                 I
                 may
                 be
                 mistaken
                 )
                 find
                 the
                 ill
                 Consequences
                 of
                 their
                 having
                 left
                 their
                 former
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 for
                 Italy
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 support
                 itself
                 ,
                 when
                 she
                 shall
                 see
                 so
                 many
                 Crown'd
                 Heads
                 within
                 her
                 Territories
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 less
                 inconvenient
                 to
                 extend
                 the
                 limits
                 of
                 any
                 State
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 alter
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 its
                 interiour
                 Greatness
                 ;
                 either
                 through
                 the
                 jealousie
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Contempt
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 ,
                 for
                 about
                 those
                 they
                 are
                 both
                 mighty
                 Captious
                 ;
                 from
                 the
                 inequality
                 of
                 Communities
                 proceeded
                 common
                 Government
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 not
                 to
                 admit
                 Sovereignty
                 is
                 the
                 means
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 Freedom
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 Seeds
                 of
                 Royalty
                 are
                 once
                 sown
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 produce
                 the
                 Desire
                 of
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 which
                 puts
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 Peace
                 alone
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 shall
                 shew
                 elsewhere
                 )
                 that
                 preserves
                 a●quir'd
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 provided
                 that
                 Peace
                 be
                 cautious
                 and
                 arm'd
                 .
                 For
                 so
                 it
                 gives
                 opportunity
                 to
                 Possession
                 ,
                 to
                 settle
                 its
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 justifie
                 its
                 Title
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 trouble
                 of
                 War
                 which
                 confounds
                 all
                 Right
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 opportunit●
                 to
                 turbulent
                 uneasie
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 robs
                 the
                 Commander
                 o●
                 his
                 Authority
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 procure
                 Peace
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 new
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 
                 to
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 sparks
                 of
                 Fire
                 easily
                 catch
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fury
                 of
                 Arms
                 soon
                 embroils
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 near
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 Reason
                 that
                 King
                 Philip
                 III.
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 
                   Emanuel
                   ▪
                
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 taken
                 Monferrat
                 from
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Mantua
                 ,
                 his
                 Majesty
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 decide
                 those
                 Pretentions
                 by
                 Justice
                 ,
                 not
                 Force
                 ,
                 nor
                 would
                 he
                 suffer
                 the
                 Ambition
                 of
                 one
                 person
                 to
                 disturb
                 the
                 Quiet
                 of
                 all
                 Italy
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Danger
                 is
                 at
                 present
                 to
                 be
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 unless
                 these
                 Animosities
                 which
                 have
                 put
                 so
                 many
                 Princes
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 be
                 accommodated
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Sword
                 once
                 drawn
                 ,
                 either
                 revenge
                 thinks
                 of
                 satisfaction
                 for
                 Affronts
                 received
                 ,
                 or
                 Justice
                 of
                 recovering
                 her
                 Right
                 ,
                 or
                 Ambition
                 of
                 extending
                 its
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 or
                 Mars
                 himself
                 of
                 trying
                 his
                 Strength
                 .
                 I
                 conclude
                 this
                 Discourse
                 with
                 four
                 Verses
                 of
                 Tasso
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 very
                 judiciously
                 ,
                 and
                 concisely
                 comprehends
                 the
                 true
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 any
                 new
                 Kingdom
                 should
                 be
                 established
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LX.
                 
                 
              
               
                 AN
                 Arrow
                 sent
                 from
                 a
                 Bow
                 ,
                 either
                 mounts
                 or
                 falls
                 ,
                 without
                 suspending
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 like
                 time
                 present
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 imperceptible
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 no
                 sooner
                 is
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 past
                 :
                 Or
                 like
                 Angles
                 in
                 a
                 Circle
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 acut●
                 becomes
                 obtuse
                 ,
                 without
                 ever
                 forming
                 a
                 right
                 Angle
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 point
                 of
                 the
                 Arrows
                 consistence
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 its
                 Declination
                 ;
                 the
                 higher
                 it
                 mounts
                 ,
                 the
                 nearer
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 its
                 fall
                 .
                 All
                 things
                 when
                 they
                 arrive
                 at
                 their
                 highest
                 Pitch
                 ,
                 mu●●
                 necessarily
                 decline
                 :
                 Hippocrates
                 observ'd
                 this
                 in
                 human●
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 past
                 thriving
                 ,
                 they
                 immediately
                 begin
                 to
                 decay
                 1
                 .
                 Nothing
                 in
                 Nature
                 is
                 Permanent
                 ;
                 the
                 Heavens
                 themselves
                 never
                 rest
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 do
                 their
                 Effect●
                 
                 which
                 they
                 imprint
                 on
                 things
                 below
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 Socrates
                 attributed
                 all
                 changes
                 of
                 Government
                 to
                 them
                 2
                 .
                 Monarchies
                 differ
                 not
                 from
                 Animals
                 and
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 born
                 ,
                 live
                 and
                 die
                 like
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 have
                 they
                 any
                 time
                 of
                 Consistence
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 their
                 falls
                 are
                 natural
                 3
                 .
                 In
                 not
                 increasing
                 they
                 decrease
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 interval
                 in
                 the
                 fall
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Fortune
                 ;
                 when
                 it
                 once
                 begins
                 to
                 fall
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 to
                 stop
                 it
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 difficult
                 for
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 Princes
                 to
                 fall
                 from
                 the
                 highest
                 Pitch
                 to
                 the
                 middlemost
                 ,
                 than
                 from
                 thence
                 to
                 the
                 lowest
                 Degree
                 4
                 .
                 But
                 all
                 Kingdoms
                 don't
                 rise
                 and
                 fall
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Degrees
                 ;
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 got
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 Point
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 with
                 more
                 speed
                 than
                 they
                 rose
                 5
                 .
                 Alexander
                 was
                 twelve
                 years
                 in
                 raising
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 which
                 decay'd
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 time
                 ,
                 being
                 rent
                 and
                 divided
                 at
                 first
                 into
                 four
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 into
                 more
                 Principalities
                 .
                 The
                 Causes
                 of
                 the
                 Rise
                 and
                 Fall
                 of
                 States
                 are
                 many
                 ;
                 those
                 who
                 attribute
                 them
                 to
                 Motion
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Plato
                 ,
                 or
                 Climacterick
                 years
                 ,
                 deny
                 Providence
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 Sublunary
                 things
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 has
                 design'd
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 disdain
                 to
                 govern
                 it
                 :
                 Nay
                 to
                 create
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 disapproving
                 his
                 own
                 work
                 .
                 If
                 God
                 vouchsafed
                 himself
                 to
                 paint
                 the
                 Peacocks
                 Tail
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Butterflies
                 Wings
                 ,
                 shall
                 we
                 think
                 he
                 will
                 commit
                 to
                 Chance
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Empires
                 and
                 Monarchies
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 depend
                 the
                 Happiness
                 or
                 Ruin
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 for
                 whom
                 all
                 things
                 were
                 created
                 ?
                 'T
                 would
                 be
                 impious
                 to
                 believe
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 attribute
                 the
                 Success
                 of
                 things
                 to
                 our
                 own
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 the
                 highest
                 Arrogance
                 .
                 By
                 him
                 Kings
                 Reign
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hands
                 he
                 disposes
                 of
                 Scepters
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 in
                 their
                 Preservation
                 he
                 give
                 their
                 free
                 Course
                 to
                 those
                 natural
                 Inclinations
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 either
                 born
                 with
                 us
                 ,
                 or
                 imprinted
                 in
                 us
                 by
                 some
                 other
                 
                 influence
                 ,
                 without
                 giving
                 any
                 check
                 or
                 restraint
                 to
                 Free-Will
                 ;
                 yet
                 does
                 God
                 himself
                 order
                 and
                 dispose
                 them
                 〈◊〉
                 that
                 no
                 Government
                 was
                 ever
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 interv●ning
                 of
                 some
                 humane
                 Folly
                 and
                 Bindness
                 6
                 .
                 I
                 cannot
                 for●bear
                 thinking
                 that
                 Empires
                 would
                 be
                 pepetual
                 ,
                 if
                 Prince●
                 would
                 accommodate
                 their
                 Will
                 to
                 their
                 Pow●●
                 ,
                 their
                 Power
                 to
                 their
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Reason
                 to
                 Accidents
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 then
                 Prudence
                 and
                 humane
                 Counsel
                 have
                 their
                 〈◊〉
                 in
                 the
                 falls
                 of
                 Empires
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 easily
                 find
                 the
                 Causes
                 ther●
                 of
                 ;
                 which
                 are
                 either
                 general
                 or
                 particular
                 ;
                 general
                 which
                 comprehend
                 all
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 whether
                 acquir'd
                 by
                 Successio●
                 Election
                 or
                 Conquest
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 many
                 ,
                 but
                 may
                 be
                 redu●●
                 to
                 four
                 Principal
                 ones
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 proceed
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 〈◊〉
                 in
                 the
                 Horizon
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 four
                 Cardi●●
                 Winds
                 proceed
                 many
                 collateral
                 ones
                 .
                 These
                 Causes
                 are
                 R●●ligion
                 ,
                 Honour
                 ,
                 Life
                 and
                 Estate
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Conservation
                 〈◊〉
                 which
                 Civil
                 Society
                 was
                 first
                 instituted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 ●●●came
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 one
                 ,
                 a
                 few
                 ,
                 or
                 many
                 and
                 whenever
                 they
                 find
                 themselves
                 oppres'd
                 in
                 any
                 one
                 〈◊〉
                 these
                 four
                 ,
                 they
                 rebel
                 and
                 change
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 the
                 Govern●ment
                 .
                 We
                 will
                 therefore
                 touch
                 upon
                 these
                 ,
                 with
                 as
                 mu●●
                 brevity
                 as
                 the
                 Subject
                 will
                 admit
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 Religion
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 said
                 before
                 ,
                 be
                 the
                 strong●
                 Bond
                 of
                 Governments
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 that
                 which
                 disunites
                 th●●
                 most
                 ,
                 and
                 reduces
                 them
                 into
                 many
                 Forms
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 〈◊〉
                 universal
                 ,
                 for
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 of
                 different
                 Opinions
                 〈◊〉
                 God
                 ,
                 never
                 live
                 in
                 Unity
                 among
                 themselves
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 ●●●gree
                 and
                 quarrel
                 about
                 trivial
                 Customs
                 and
                 Manners
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 much
                 more
                 will
                 they
                 about
                 their
                 Affection
                 and
                 Loya●
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Creator
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 furious
                 Zeal
                 of
                 ●●●derstanding
                 things
                 of
                 such
                 importance
                 .
                 Liberty
                 of
                 C●●●science
                 is
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 any
                 State.
                 Those
                 who
                 disagree
                 matters
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 one
                 another
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Holy
                 S●●rit
                 says
                 )
                 Pricks
                 in
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 Thorns
                 in
                 their
                 Sides
                 7
                 
                 The
                 Duty
                 of
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greater
                 Ties
                 of
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 and
                 Relation
                 are
                 loos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 broken
                 upon
                 account
                 of
                 Religion
                 .
                 King
                 Witeric
                 was
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 for
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 introduce
                 Arianism
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 befel
                 Witiza
                 for
                 altering
                 the
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 of
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 .
                 Galicia
                 rebelled
                 against
                 King
                 Froilus
                 for
                 the
                 abuse
                 of
                 the
                 Marriage
                 of
                 the
                 Clergy
                 :
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Dive
                 sity
                 of
                 Religions
                 was
                 introduced
                 among
                 the
                 Dutch
                 ,
                 they
                 rebell'd
                 against
                 their
                 lawful
                 King
                 and
                 Master
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 Honour
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Defence
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 States
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 chief
                 Spur
                 to
                 Loyalty
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 also
                 disturbs
                 them
                 to
                 clear
                 it self
                 from
                 Affronts
                 ,
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 preferring
                 Honour
                 before
                 Life
                 and
                 Fortune
                 8
                 .
                 Count
                 Iulian
                 invited
                 the
                 Moors
                 into
                 Spain
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 suspected
                 that
                 King
                 Roderick
                 had
                 violated
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Cava
                 ;
                 the
                 Nobles
                 of
                 Castile
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 Alphonsus
                 III.
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 infringe
                 their
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 and
                 oblige
                 'em
                 to
                 pay
                 Taxes
                 ;
                 as
                 did
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 Ramires
                 III.
                 King
                 of
                 Leon
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 severe
                 and
                 servile
                 usage
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 Affronts
                 received
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 always
                 provoke
                 to
                 Revenge
                 upon
                 the
                 Prince
                 9
                 ;
                 and
                 Contempt
                 creates
                 Seditions
                 10
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 either
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Prince
                 contemns
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 People
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 when
                 they
                 don't
                 find
                 him
                 fitly
                 qualified
                 ,
                 thinking
                 it
                 base
                 to
                 obey
                 one
                 who
                 knows
                 not
                 to
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 himself
                 respected
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 no
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 So
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Arragon
                 served
                 their
                 King
                 Iohn
                 I.
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 befel
                 Iohn
                 II.
                 of
                 ●astile
                 for
                 his
                 insufficiency
                 ,
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 for
                 his
                 Vices
                 ,
                 and
                 Alphonso
                 V.
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 for
                 suffering
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 others
                 Nor
                 do
                 Subjects
                 take
                 it
                 as
                 ●
                 less
                 Injury
                 and
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 make
                 Foreigners
                 his
                 chief
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 all
                 Dignities
                 and
                 Preferment
                 among
                 them
                 :
                 for
                 (
                 as
                 King
                 Henry
                 said
                 )
                 
                 
                   That
                   is
                   declaring
                   plainly
                   ,
                   that
                   his
                   own
                   native
                   Subjects
                   are
                   insufficient
                   and
                   unworthy
                   *
                   .
                
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 Commotions
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Charles
                 V.
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 happens
                 upon
                 an
                 unequal
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Honours
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 Men
                 of
                 great
                 Spirits
                 can't
                 brook
                 11
                 ;
                 and
                 take
                 it
                 as
                 an
                 Affront
                 ,
                 that
                 Men
                 of
                 le●●
                 Desert
                 are
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 them
                 12
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 greatest
                 Disease
                 of
                 a
                 Government
                 is
                 Incontinence
                 and
                 Lust
                 in
                 the
                 Governours
                 ;
                 hence
                 proceed
                 Seditions
                 and
                 Revolutions
                 of
                 States
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 violates
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 severely
                 punished
                 by
                 God.
                 One
                 such
                 Action
                 buried
                 Spain
                 in
                 ashes
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 ;
                 the
                 same
                 call'd
                 down
                 great
                 Plagues
                 upon
                 Egypt
                 13
                 .
                 And
                 David
                 suffered
                 great
                 Troubles
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 Posterity
                 14
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 continually
                 persecuted
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 danger
                 in
                 those
                 States
                 ,
                 where
                 many
                 are
                 excluded
                 from
                 Offices
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 so
                 many
                 Enemies
                 15
                 ▪
                 no
                 Man
                 is
                 so
                 stupid
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 desire
                 Honour
                 ▪
                 and
                 take
                 it
                 ill
                 to
                 be
                 deprived
                 of
                 it
                 16
                 .
                 Those
                 States
                 also
                 are
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Inconveniency
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 is
                 divided
                 among
                 a
                 set
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 being
                 excluded
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 third
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 Revolutions
                 and
                 Troubles
                 of
                 States
                 is
                 the
                 desire
                 of
                 preserving
                 Life
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Subjects
                 think
                 the
                 Prince
                 so
                 Lazy
                 ,
                 and
                 Cowardly
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 can't
                 preserve
                 and
                 defend
                 them
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 when
                 they
                 hate
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Severity
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 III.
                 or
                 for
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 King
                 Peter
                 ;
                 or
                 for
                 his
                 Injustice
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 which
                 endangers
                 all
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 King
                 Ordonius
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 ill
                 usage
                 and
                 Murther
                 of
                 the
                 Counts
                 of
                 
                 Castile
                 ,
                 whence
                 proceeded
                 the
                 Change
                 of
                 his
                 State
                 *
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 last
                 is
                 ,
                 Estates
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 when
                 a
                 Prince
                 idlely
                 squanders
                 away
                 his
                 Subjects
                 Fortunes
                 ;
                 which
                 occasion'd
                 Garcias
                 King
                 of
                 Galicia
                 ,
                 to
                 lose
                 both
                 Kingdom
                 and
                 Life
                 too
                 ;
                 or
                 when
                 he
                 extravagantly
                 spends
                 his
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 
                 Ramon's
                 Pretence
                 for
                 killing
                 ●
                 his
                 Brother-in-Law
                 ,
                 Sancho
                 King
                 of
                 Navarre
                 ;
                 or
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 very
                 covetous
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 ;
                 or
                 when
                 through
                 his
                 ill
                 management
                 ,
                 the
                 State
                 suffers
                 by
                 Scarcity
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 the
                 Price
                 of
                 things
                 rises
                 ,
                 or
                 Trade
                 fails
                 ,
                 which
                 render'd
                 the
                 same
                 Alphonso
                 so
                 odious
                 ;
                 or
                 when
                 the
                 Coin
                 is
                 bad
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Peter
                 II.
                 King
                 o●
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 many
                 other
                 Kings
                 Reigns
                 ;
                 or
                 when
                 Places
                 of
                 Profit
                 ,
                 or
                 Riches
                 are
                 unequally
                 despos'd
                 of
                 .
                 For
                 Envy
                 and
                 Necessity
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 the
                 Rich
                 and
                 so
                 raise
                 Commotions
                 17
                 .
                 This
                 also
                 happens
                 from
                 the
                 Male-administration
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 quartering
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 other
                 Burthens
                 ,
                 which
                 oppress
                 the
                 Subjects
                 Estates
                 and
                 Goods
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 these
                 general
                 Causes
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 others
                 particular
                 to
                 the
                 three
                 Distinctions
                 which
                 I
                 made
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 inferr'd
                 from
                 what
                 I
                 propos'd
                 for
                 their
                 Preservation
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 preserving
                 a
                 State
                 ,
                 implys
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 what
                 will
                 ruin
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 18
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 enlarge
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 run
                 a
                 Risque
                 of
                 repeating
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 already
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 Hereditary
                 States
                 are
                 usually
                 ruined
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Care
                 and
                 Diligence
                 in
                 the
                 Successour
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 considerable
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 their
                 Greatness
                 makes
                 him
                 secure
                 and
                 negligent
                 ,
                 careless
                 of
                 all
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 dubious
                 in
                 his
                 Councels
                 .
                 In
                 Execution
                 timorous
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 disturb
                 the
                 Quiet
                 he
                 injoys
                 ;
                 he
                 takes
                 no
                 Care
                 to
                 prevent
                 misfortunes
                 ,
                 but
                 thinks
                 it
                 sufficient
                 if
                 he
                 can
                 remedy
                 them
                 ;
                 not
                 considering
                 that
                 this
                 latter
                 is
                 more
                 chargeable
                 and
                 less
                 
                 effectual
                 19
                 .
                 He
                 thinks
                 Bravery
                 too
                 dangerous
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 procuring
                 Peace
                 by
                 certain
                 idle
                 and
                 uncertain
                 means
                 ,
                 he
                 brings
                 a
                 War
                 upon
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 ruins
                 himself
                 by
                 the
                 very
                 means
                 he
                 us'd
                 for
                 his
                 Preservation
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 misfortune
                 of
                 Monarchies
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 taking
                 Repose
                 they
                 find
                 ruin
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 stop
                 they
                 fall
                 ,
                 and
                 ceasing
                 to
                 labour
                 they
                 grow
                 feeble
                 .
                 Ezekiel
                 aptly
                 represents
                 all
                 this
                 in
                 his
                 Vision
                 of
                 the
                 four
                 wing'd
                 Animals
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 Emblems
                 of
                 Princes
                 and
                 Monarchies
                 :
                 
                   Which
                   when
                   they
                   went
                   I
                   heard
                   the
                   noise
                   of
                   their
                   Wings
                   ,
                   like
                   the
                   noise
                   of
                   great
                   Waters
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Voice
                   of
                   the
                   Almighty
                   ,
                   the
                   Voice
                   Speech
                   as
                   the
                   noise
                   of
                   an
                   Host
                   20
                   ;
                   when
                   they
                   stood
                   they
                   let
                   down
                   their
                   Wings
                   .
                
                 But
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 necessary
                 to
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Preservation
                 to
                 be
                 always
                 making
                 new
                 Conquests
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 would
                 be
                 endless
                 ,
                 and
                 run
                 into
                 Tyranny
                 and
                 Injustice
                 ;
                 a
                 State
                 may
                 easily
                 maint●in
                 it self
                 within
                 the
                 Circumference
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 Circle
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 preserves
                 its
                 Activity
                 and
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Arts
                 by
                 which
                 it
                 at
                 first
                 acquir'd
                 its
                 Gra●deur
                 ;
                 running
                 water
                 preserve
                 their
                 Purity
                 ,
                 but
                 once
                 standing
                 they
                 taint
                 ;
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 not
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 always
                 running
                 ;
                 it
                 suffices
                 that
                 they
                 keep
                 a
                 Motion
                 within
                 themselves
                 ,
                 like
                 Lakes
                 mov'd
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Winds
                 ;
                 so
                 Monarchies
                 in
                 which
                 Discipline
                 flourishes
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 are
                 fenced
                 against
                 all
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 are
                 of
                 long
                 continuance
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 make
                 no
                 Excursions
                 ;
                 for
                 without
                 War
                 Arts
                 Military
                 may
                 be
                 exercised
                 ;
                 so
                 Cassius
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 caus'd
                 all
                 the
                 old
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 21
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Exercise
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 should
                 not
                 grow
                 wholly
                 enervate
                 by
                 the
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Laziness
                 of
                 Peace
                 ;
                 but
                 should
                 then
                 enterpize
                 some
                 glorious
                 Action
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 preserve
                 his
                 Reputation
                 .
                 Augustus
                 during
                 the
                 Repose
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 suffer'd
                 not
                 his
                 fiery
                 Soul
                 to
                 be
                 extinguish'd
                 by
                 the
                 ashes
                 of
                 Idleness
                 ,
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 wanted
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 as
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 employ'd
                 himself
                 as
                 God
                 ,
                 studying
                 
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Spheres
                 ,
                 correcting
                 the
                 Months
                 ,
                 and
                 prescribing
                 Laws
                 to
                 time
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 Philip
                 II.
                 Erected
                 that
                 admirable
                 Fabrick
                 of
                 the
                 Escurial
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 aim'd
                 to
                 outdo
                 Nature
                 her self
                 in
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 shew
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Soul
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 his
                 Piety
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Hereditary
                 Kingdoms
                 are
                 also
                 in
                 Danger
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Successour
                 forgetting
                 the
                 Laws
                 and
                 Institutions
                 of
                 his
                 Ance●●ors
                 ,
                 thinks
                 that
                 the
                 Subjects
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 Subjection
                 is
                 from
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 remembring
                 that
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 is
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 looks
                 upon
                 'em
                 as
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 more
                 bent
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Interest
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 his
                 Administration
                 being
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Tyranny
                 22
                 .
                 Whence
                 the
                 People
                 conceive
                 a
                 disrespect
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Odium
                 and
                 abhorrence
                 of
                 his
                 Person
                 and
                 Action
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 reciprocal
                 Union
                 between
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 People
                 is
                 broken
                 23
                 ;
                 since
                 one
                 obeys
                 ,
                 and
                 t'other
                 commands
                 by
                 the
                 mutual
                 Benefit
                 they
                 receive
                 ,
                 one
                 in
                 the
                 Splendour
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 t'other
                 in
                 the
                 Happiness
                 of
                 being
                 well
                 govern'd
                 ;
                 without
                 this
                 reciprocal
                 Bond
                 ,
                 Heredi●ary
                 Kingdoms
                 would
                 go
                 to
                 ruin
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 suffer
                 a
                 Change
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 seeing
                 himsel●
                 despised
                 and
                 slighted
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 perpetual
                 Fear
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 fear
                 proceeds
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 that
                 Tyranny
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 Nobles
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 ,
                 conspire
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 dethrone
                 him
                 :
                 Whence
                 it
                 comes
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 looking
                 upon
                 them
                 as
                 the
                 Restorers
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 offer
                 them
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 Aristocracy
                 is
                 introduc'd
                 ;
                 but
                 even
                 this
                 soon
                 falls
                 into
                 the
                 Inconveniences
                 of
                 Monarchy
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 their
                 Children
                 succeed
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 and
                 Government
                 becomes
                 Hereditary
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 abuse
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 convert
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Interest
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 People
                 finding
                 themselves
                 oppress'd
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 wrest
                 their
                 Power
                 from
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 set
                 up
                 for
                 Governours
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 their
                 Liberty
                 was
                 greater
                 in
                 a
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 to
                 preserve
                 Equality
                 ,
                 Insolence
                 ,
                 and
                 Injustice
                 rule
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 
                 proceed
                 Seditions
                 and
                 Tumults
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 which
                 obliges
                 'em
                 to
                 choose
                 some
                 one
                 Person
                 to
                 command
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Government
                 becomes
                 once
                 again
                 Monarchical
                 .
                 This
                 Circle
                 usually
                 States
                 run
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 very
                 often
                 wholly
                 lose
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 when
                 some
                 Potent
                 Neighbour
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 opportunity
                 of
                 their
                 Commotions
                 ,
                 to
                 conquer
                 and
                 enslave
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Elective
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Affections
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 are
                 lost
                 ;
                 when
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 the
                 Elected
                 Prince
                 correspond
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 Opinion
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 once
                 conceived
                 of
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 many
                 appear
                 capable
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 Galba
                 did
                 24
                 ;
                 those
                 who
                 voted
                 not
                 for
                 the
                 Election
                 are
                 in
                 continual
                 Danger
                 and
                 Fear
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 desire
                 and
                 contrive
                 a
                 Change.
                 Those
                 who
                 assisted
                 him
                 with
                 their
                 Votes
                 ,
                 promise
                 themselves
                 such
                 a
                 share
                 of
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 that
                 finding
                 themselves
                 disappointed
                 in
                 their
                 Hopes
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 into
                 disgust
                 and
                 complaint
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 satisfie
                 all
                 .
                 Or
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 that
                 humane
                 Gratitude
                 is
                 tir'd
                 with
                 the
                 coutinual
                 sight
                 of
                 its
                 Benefactors
                 ,
                 and
                 looks
                 upon
                 them
                 as
                 so
                 many
                 Creditors
                 .
                 Subjects
                 us'd
                 to
                 frequent
                 Elections
                 are
                 always
                 fond
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 fanc●
                 the
                 new
                 Prince
                 will
                 be
                 better
                 ;
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 the
                 Privilege
                 of
                 voting
                 take
                 it
                 to
                 heart
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Power
                 in
                 which
                 their
                 Honour
                 consists
                 should
                 lie
                 so
                 long
                 dormant
                 and
                 useless
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 Elected
                 on
                 t'other
                 hand
                 ,
                 proud
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 endeavours
                 to
                 extend
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 break
                 the
                 Oaths
                 and
                 Covenants
                 of
                 his
                 Election
                 ,
                 and
                 despising
                 the
                 Natives
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 a
                 Foreigner
                 ,
                 admits
                 only
                 his
                 own
                 Countreymen
                 into
                 Offices
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavours
                 only
                 the
                 Preferment
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Family
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 incurs
                 the
                 hatred
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 and
                 his
                 own
                 ruin
                 :
                 For
                 few
                 Nations
                 can
                 endure
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Strangers
                 .
                 Ieremiah
                 told
                 this
                 as
                 sad
                 Tidings
                 to
                 Ierusalem
                 25
                 .
              
               
                 Kingdoms
                 acquir'd
                 by
                 Conquest
                 are
                 also
                 soon
                 lost
                 ,
                 for
                 Luxury
                 enervates
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Vigour
                 of
                 the
                 mind
                 ;
                 Felicity
                 disturbs
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 and
                 misleads
                 Princes
                 from
                 those
                 
                 ways
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 attain'd
                 their
                 Grandeur
                 ;
                 they
                 obtain'd
                 it
                 by
                 Valour
                 ,
                 Clemency
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 lose
                 it
                 by
                 Laziness
                 ,
                 Severity
                 and
                 Contempt
                 .
                 Which
                 changing
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 changes
                 also
                 the
                 Affection
                 and
                 Obedience
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 26
                 ;
                 the
                 Reason
                 why
                 the
                 Carthagenians
                 were
                 expell'd
                 Spain
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 know
                 that
                 States
                 should
                 be
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Arts
                 they
                 were
                 acquir'd
                 by
                 ;
                 which
                 usually
                 the
                 Conquerours
                 of
                 Provinces
                 are
                 more
                 observant
                 ,
                 than
                 their
                 Successours
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 imploy
                 all
                 their
                 Courage
                 and
                 Wit
                 ,
                 in
                 attaining
                 and
                 preserving
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 Succession
                 makes
                 these
                 negligent
                 and
                 careless
                 .
                 Whence
                 't
                 is
                 an
                 Observation
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 acquire
                 Kingdoms
                 usually
                 keep
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 who
                 receive
                 them
                 lose
                 them
                 27
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 Kingdoms
                 pass
                 from
                 one
                 Nation
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 Injuries
                 and
                 Deceit
                 28
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 conclude
                 the
                 present
                 Discourse
                 with
                 two
                 Cautions
                 ,
                 first
                 that
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 States
                 does
                 not
                 always
                 depend
                 on
                 their
                 being
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 their
                 Ruin
                 ,
                 but
                 sometimes
                 on
                 their
                 being
                 near
                 them
                 29
                 ▪
                 for
                 Fear
                 creates
                 Care
                 and
                 Diligence
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 〈◊〉
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 the
                 least
                 ill
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 most
                 Care
                 of
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 increase
                 insensibly
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 perceived
                 till
                 they
                 are
                 past
                 Remedy
                 30
                 .
                 A
                 small
                 Worm
                 destroys
                 the
                 tallest
                 Cedar
                 ;
                 the
                 little
                 Remora
                 stops
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 under
                 sail
                 ;
                 frivolous
                 Losses
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 .
                 A
                 slight
                 disorder
                 of
                 Body
                 is
                 often
                 more
                 dangerous
                 than
                 a
                 real
                 Sickness
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 minded
                 ,
                 this
                 diligently
                 taken
                 Care
                 of
                 :
                 We
                 immediately
                 apply
                 Medicines
                 to
                 a
                 Fever
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 heed
                 a
                 Cold
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 the
                 greatest
                 Distempers
                 proceed
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 AN
                 Harp
                 Forms
                 a
                 compleat
                 Aristocracy
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 of
                 Monarchy
                 and
                 Democracy
                 ;
                 understanding
                 Presides
                 ,
                 several
                 Fingers
                 govern
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Strings
                 obey
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 a
                 particular
                 ,
                 but
                 general
                 and
                 common
                 Harmony
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Disproportion
                 between
                 the
                 great
                 and
                 little
                 ones
                 don't
                 spoil
                 the
                 Tune
                 .
                 One
                 may
                 justly
                 compare
                 to
                 a
                 a
                 Harp
                 every
                 Republick
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 long
                 Practice
                 and
                 Experience
                 ,
                 have
                 appointed
                 who
                 shall
                 command
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 obey
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 establish'd
                 Laws
                 ,
                 elected
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 distinguished
                 Offices
                 ,
                 prescribed
                 set
                 Rules
                 and
                 Methods
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 in
                 each
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Republick
                 ,
                 such
                 Customs
                 and
                 Laws
                 as
                 are
                 most
                 conformable
                 and
                 consentaneous
                 to
                 its
                 Nature
                 .
                 This
                 makes
                 the
                 first
                 Institutions
                 durable
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 chang'd
                 .
                 This
                 Harp
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 and
                 Commonwealths
                 being
                 thus
                 fitted
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 
                 Strings
                 tun'd
                 and
                 dispos'd
                 in
                 Order
                 ,
                 though
                 any
                 one
                 should
                 ●ansie
                 he
                 could
                 better
                 tune
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 better
                 opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Judgment
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 whom
                 long
                 Practice
                 ,
                 and
                 dear
                 bought
                 Experience
                 had
                 instructed
                 :
                 for
                 some
                 Ways
                 and
                 Methods
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 have
                 some
                 Inconveniences
                 are
                 yet
                 better
                 born
                 with
                 than
                 alter'd
                 .
                 A
                 prudent
                 Prince
                 tunes
                 the
                 strings
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Order
                 they
                 stand
                 in
                 ,
                 not
                 changing
                 them
                 without
                 time
                 or
                 other
                 accidents
                 have
                 so
                 discompos'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can't
                 perform
                 the
                 Office
                 they
                 were
                 first
                 design'd
                 for
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 should
                 perfectly
                 understand
                 this
                 Harp
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grace
                 and
                 Majesty
                 that
                 attends
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 throughly
                 vers'd
                 in
                 the
                 Nature
                 ,
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 and
                 Genius's
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Commons
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 its
                 main
                 Strings
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 says
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Laws
                 :
                 
                   A
                   King
                   's
                   greatest
                   Care
                   should
                   be
                   to
                   know
                   Men
                   ,
                   for
                   since
                   tis
                   them
                   he
                   has
                   to
                   do
                   with
                   ,
                   an
                   exact
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   them
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   *
                   .
                
                 In
                 this
                 consists
                 the
                 principal
                 Art
                 of
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 know
                 his
                 Subjects
                 is
                 a
                 King
                 's
                 best
                 Art
                 †
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 who
                 have
                 most
                 apply'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 this
                 Study
                 have
                 govern'd
                 with
                 most
                 Success
                 .
                 Many
                 take
                 this
                 Harp
                 in
                 their
                 hand
                 ,
                 but
                 few
                 can
                 finger
                 it
                 with
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 few
                 understand
                 its
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 touch
                 it
                 agreeably
                 .
                 Let
                 therefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 an
                 Union
                 of
                 many
                 Cities
                 and
                 People
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 joynt
                 Consent
                 to
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 some
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Obedience
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 which
                 Consent
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Force
                 introduc'd
                 .
                 Concord
                 at
                 first
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Concord
                 preserves
                 it
                 .
                 Justice
                 and
                 Clemency
                 keep
                 it
                 alive
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 others
                 Safety
                 ;
                 its
                 Sp●rit
                 consists
                 in
                 Unity
                 of
                 Religion
                 ;
                 its
                 Increase
                 ,
                 Preservation
                 or
                 Ruin
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 Parts
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 compos'd
                 .
                 It
                 admits
                 of
                 no
                 Companion
                 ;
                 is
                 expos'd
                 to
                 all
                 Dangers
                 .
                 In
                 it
                 more
                 than
                 any
                 thing
                 ▪
                 Fortune
                 shews
                 her
                 Inconstancy
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 liable
                 to
                 Envy
                 and
                 Emulation
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 more
                 danger
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 
                 than
                 Adversity
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 it
                 lives
                 in
                 Security
                 ,
                 which
                 creates
                 Pride
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 proceeds
                 its
                 Ruin
                 ;
                 when
                 young
                 't
                 is
                 weak
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 old
                 decrepid
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 as
                 much
                 in
                 danger
                 in
                 continual
                 Peace
                 as
                 in
                 War.
                 It
                 falls
                 of
                 its
                 self
                 ,
                 when
                 not
                 exercis'd
                 by
                 foreign
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 once
                 begins
                 to
                 fall
                 it
                 cannot
                 stop
                 it self
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Interval
                 between
                 its
                 highest
                 Elevation
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Ruin.
                 Emulation
                 sometimes
                 raises
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 oppresses
                 it
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 small
                 it
                 can't
                 defend
                 it self
                 ,
                 if
                 great
                 it
                 can't
                 govern
                 it self
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Art
                 than
                 Force
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 fond
                 of
                 Novelties
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 its
                 bane
                 ,
                 Vertue
                 is
                 its
                 Health
                 ,
                 and
                 Vice
                 its
                 Sickness
                 .
                 Labour
                 raises
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 Idleness
                 is
                 its
                 Ruin
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 fortified
                 by
                 Forts
                 and
                 Alliances
                 ,
                 and
                 establish'd
                 by
                 Laws
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 is
                 its
                 Heart
                 ,
                 Counsel
                 its
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 Arms
                 its
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 Riches
                 its
                 Feet
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Harp
                 is
                 attended
                 with
                 a
                 certain
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Harmony
                 springing
                 from
                 the
                 strings
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 approv'd
                 by
                 Heaven
                 1
                 .
                 An
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 Splendour
                 of
                 supream
                 Jurisdiction
                 ;
                 a
                 certain
                 Force
                 which
                 draws
                 Authority
                 and
                 Obedience
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 the
                 Safeguard
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 Opinion
                 and
                 Fame
                 give
                 it
                 Life
                 ;
                 Love
                 ,
                 Security
                 ;
                 Fear
                 ,
                 Authority
                 ;
                 Ostentation
                 ,
                 Greatness
                 ;
                 Ceremony
                 ,
                 Reverence
                 ;
                 Severity
                 ,
                 Respect
                 ;
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 Esteem
                 ;
                 in
                 Retirement
                 the
                 more
                 venerable
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Hate
                 .
                 It
                 neither
                 bears
                 Equality
                 nor
                 Division
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 consists
                 in
                 Admiration
                 and
                 Unity
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 constant
                 in
                 either
                 Fortune
                 ;
                 Respect
                 strengthens
                 it
                 ;
                 Arms
                 and
                 the
                 Laws
                 maintain
                 it
                 ;
                 it
                 lasts
                 not
                 in
                 Pride
                 ,
                 nor
                 falls
                 in
                 Humility
                 ▪
                 It
                 lives
                 by
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Beneficence
                 ,
                 and
                 dies
                 by
                 Force
                 and
                 Vice.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 strings
                 of
                 a
                 Harp
                 are
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 naturally
                 monstrous
                 ,
                 different
                 from
                 themselves
                 ,
                 inconstant
                 and
                 various
                 ;
                 govern'd
                 by
                 outward
                 appearances
                 ,
                 without
                 searching
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 things
                 ;
                 they
                 take
                 Counsel
                 of
                 Report
                 ,
                 so
                 void
                 of
                 means
                 and
                 reason
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 distinguish
                 Truth
                 from
                 Falshood
                 ,
                 always
                 prone
                 to
                 mischief
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 minute
                 of
                 two
                 contrary
                 Affections
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 always
                 
                 guided
                 not
                 by
                 Reason
                 ;
                 by
                 Violence
                 not
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 shadow
                 not
                 the
                 reality
                 .
                 Only
                 to
                 be
                 tam'd
                 by
                 Punishment
                 .
                 Their
                 Flatteries
                 are
                 an
                 aukward
                 medly
                 of
                 Truth
                 and
                 Falsity
                 ;
                 they
                 know
                 no
                 Medium
                 ;
                 they
                 love
                 or
                 hate
                 to
                 Excess
                 ;
                 are
                 extreamly
                 Complaisant
                 ,
                 or
                 extreamly
                 Insolent
                 ;
                 either
                 fear
                 or
                 frighten
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 fear
                 ,
                 are
                 most
                 contemptible
                 .
                 Small
                 Dangers
                 at
                 hand
                 terrifie
                 them
                 strangely
                 ,
                 but
                 great
                 ones
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 unconcern'd
                 at
                 .
                 If
                 a
                 Servant
                 slavish
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 Master
                 haughty
                 ;
                 know
                 not
                 what
                 Liberty
                 is
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 not
                 suffer
                 it
                 in
                 others
                 .
                 Bold
                 and
                 courageous
                 in
                 Words
                 ,
                 but
                 cowardly
                 and
                 base
                 in
                 Action
                 .
                 They
                 rise
                 upon
                 the
                 least
                 occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 soon
                 compos'd
                 .
                 Do
                 not
                 lead
                 ,
                 but
                 follow
                 ;
                 bear
                 themselves
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 all
                 ;
                 are
                 sooner
                 forc'd
                 than
                 perswaded
                 .
                 In
                 Success
                 arrogant
                 and
                 impious
                 ,
                 in
                 Adversity
                 timorous
                 and
                 superstitious
                 ;
                 as
                 prone
                 to
                 Cruelty
                 as
                 Mercy
                 .
                 Equally
                 blind
                 in
                 their
                 Favours
                 as
                 their
                 Persecutions
                 ;
                 they
                 abuse
                 Clemency
                 by
                 Licenciousness
                 ,
                 and
                 rebel
                 against
                 strict
                 Discipline
                 ;
                 if
                 they
                 once
                 shall
                 attack
                 the
                 Rich
                 ,
                 neither
                 Reason
                 nor
                 Shame
                 will
                 reclaim
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 raise
                 and
                 are
                 fond
                 of
                 Stories
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Credulity
                 enlarge
                 them
                 ;
                 they
                 follow
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 the
                 many
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 wise
                 few
                 ▪
                 they
                 attribute
                 ill
                 Success
                 to
                 the
                 Malice
                 of
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 and
                 common
                 Calamities
                 to
                 the
                 Prince's
                 f●ult
                 .
                 Nothing
                 makes
                 them
                 more
                 supple
                 and
                 obedient
                 than
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 for
                 upon
                 that
                 their
                 Care
                 and
                 Thoughts
                 are
                 fixt
                 .
                 Interest
                 and
                 Dishonour
                 soon
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 Commotion
                 .
                 Loaden
                 they
                 fall
                 ,
                 lighten'd
                 they
                 kick
                 back
                 ;
                 they
                 love
                 hot
                 and
                 rash
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 ambitious
                 and
                 turbulent
                 way
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 never
                 content
                 with
                 the
                 present
                 State
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 always
                 greedy
                 of
                 Change.
                 A
                 servile
                 Imitator
                 of
                 the
                 Vertues
                 and
                 Vices
                 of
                 those
                 in
                 Authority
                 .
                 They
                 Envy
                 the
                 Rich
                 and
                 Wealthy
                 ,
                 and
                 plot
                 against
                 them
                 ;
                 are
                 mighty
                 fond
                 of
                 Plays
                 and
                 Shews
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 there
                 any
                 other
                 way
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 to
                 gain
                 their
                 Favour
                 .
                 Superstitious
                 in
                 Religion
                 ,
                 paying
                 more
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 Priests
                 than
                 their
                 Principles
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 chief
                 Qualities
                 and
                 Affections
                 of
                 the
                 Mob
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 Prince
                 may
                 be
                 satisfied
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Community
                 ,
                 or
                 Councel
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 grave
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Select
                 Persons
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 vulgar
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 which
                 does
                 not
                 in
                 many
                 things
                 resemble
                 the
                 Popularity
                 ?
                 The
                 Court
                 makes
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 strings
                 of
                 this
                 Harp
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 can't
                 touch
                 with
                 great
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Dexterity
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Harmony
                 of
                 Government
                 is
                 spoil'd
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 that
                 he
                 many
                 know
                 to
                 tune
                 them
                 well
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 he
                 should
                 know
                 their
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Court
                 is
                 presumptuous
                 and
                 inconstant
                 ,
                 changing
                 its
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Camelion
                 like
                 ,
                 each
                 moment
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Wind
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 or
                 Adversity
                 blows
                 ;
                 though
                 it
                 all
                 speaks
                 one
                 Language
                 ,
                 yet
                 all
                 don
                 't
                 alike
                 understand
                 it
                 ;
                 it
                 Worships
                 and
                 Adores
                 ●he
                 rising
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 slights
                 him
                 when
                 declining
                 towards
                 his
                 West
                 ;
                 it
                 censures
                 and
                 carps
                 at
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 imitates
                 them
                 ;
                 it
                 hawks
                 after
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Nets
                 of
                 Flattery
                 ;
                 ever
                 bent
                 upon
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Self-interest
                 ;
                 it
                 lives
                 by
                 Lyes
                 and
                 hates
                 Truth
                 .
                 Easily
                 swallow●
                 Vice
                 ,
                 but
                 Vertue
                 not
                 without
                 Difficulty
                 ;
                 loves
                 Change
                 and
                 Novelty
                 ;
                 fears
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 distrusts
                 all
                 .
                 Haughty
                 and
                 arrogant
                 in
                 Authority
                 ,
                 servile
                 and
                 cringing
                 in
                 Obedience
                 .
                 Envys
                 even
                 it self
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 others
                 ;
                 wonderful
                 cunning
                 and
                 dissembling
                 ,
                 in
                 concealing
                 its
                 Designs
                 ;
                 it
                 veils
                 its
                 Hatred
                 with
                 Smile
                 and
                 Ceremony
                 .
                 Praises
                 ,
                 and
                 commends
                 in
                 publick
                 ,
                 and
                 defames
                 privately
                 .
                 Is
                 its
                 own
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 fantastical
                 in
                 its
                 Appearance
                 ,
                 and
                 unperforming
                 in
                 its
                 Promises
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Instrument
                 of
                 Government
                 being
                 known
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Qualities
                 and
                 Sound
                 of
                 each
                 string
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 touch
                 'em
                 with
                 that
                 Dexterity
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 all
                 sound
                 Harmoniously
                 without
                 jarring
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 keep
                 time
                 and
                 measure
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 favour
                 one
                 String
                 more
                 than
                 another
                 ,
                 in
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Consort
                 ,
                 and
                 wholly
                 forget
                 others
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 this
                 Instrument
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 all
                 have
                 their
                 proper
                 Functions
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 are
                 unequal
                 and
                 easily
                 jarr
                 ,
                 which
                 Discord
                 is
                 very
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 shall
                 grant
                 too
                 great
                 Authority
                 to
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 ;
                 or
                 too
                 much
                 Favour
                 the
                 Commons
                 ,
                 and
                 slight
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 or
                 Administer
                 to
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 others
                 ;
                 or
                 confound
                 Offices
                 Military
                 with
                 Civil
                 ,
                 or
                 does
                 not
                 well
                 know
                 to
                 sustain
                 his
                 Majesty
                 by
                 Authority
                 ;
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 by
                 Love
                 ;
                 the
                 Court
                 by
                 Gravity
                 ;
                 the
                 Nobility
                 by
                 Honour
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 Plenty
                 
                 Justice
                 by
                 Equality
                 ;
                 the
                 Laws
                 by
                 Fear
                 ;
                 Arms
                 by
                 Rewards
                 ;
                 Power
                 by
                 Frugality
                 ;
                 War
                 by
                 Riches
                 ,
                 and
                 Peace
                 by
                 Reputation
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Instruments
                 are
                 different
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 their
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Disposition
                 of
                 the
                 Strings
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 should
                 be
                 manag'd
                 and
                 play'd
                 upon
                 by
                 different
                 ways
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 different
                 hand
                 ;
                 one
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 Harp
                 ,
                 which
                 not
                 only
                 requires
                 the
                 softness
                 of
                 the
                 Fingers
                 ends
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 the
                 hardness
                 of
                 the
                 Nails
                 too
                 .
                 Another
                 is
                 more
                 like
                 an
                 Organ
                 ,
                 which
                 requires
                 both
                 Hands
                 to
                 express
                 the
                 Harmony
                 of
                 the
                 Pipes
                 .
                 The
                 third
                 is
                 so
                 delicate
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 Guitarre
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 won't
                 bear
                 the
                 Fingers
                 ,
                 but
                 must
                 be
                 touch'd
                 with
                 a
                 fine
                 Quill
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 exert
                 its
                 Harmony
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 vers'd
                 in
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 these
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Strings
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 'em
                 always
                 in
                 Tune
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 Care
                 not
                 to
                 strain
                 too
                 hard
                 upon
                 the
                 Notes
                 of
                 Severity
                 or
                 Avarice
                 (
                 as
                 St.
                 Chrysostom
                 observ'd
                 in
                 God
                 himself
                 )
                 2
                 for
                 even
                 the
                 best
                 String
                 when
                 too
                 much
                 strain'd
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 break
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 spoils
                 the
                 Sweetness
                 of
                 the
                 Consort
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 ingenuous
                 and
                 industrious
                 Bee
                 cautiously
                 conceals
                 the
                 Art
                 by
                 which
                 it
                 makes
                 its
                 Combs
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 all
                 busie
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 can
                 find
                 out
                 their
                 Oeconomy
                 and
                 method
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 more
                 curious
                 than
                 ordinary
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 to
                 inspect
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 a
                 Glass
                 Hive
                 ,
                 they
                 soon
                 plaister
                 it
                 over
                 with
                 Wax
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 no
                 Spyes
                 ,
                 nor
                 Witnesses
                 of
                 their
                 Domestick
                 Transactions
                 .
                 O
                 prudent
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 Mistress
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 !
                 Thou
                 hadst
                 long
                 since
                 extended
                 thy
                 Empire
                 over
                 all
                 Animals
                 ,
                 had
                 Nature
                 furnish'd
                 thee
                 with
                 Strength
                 equal
                 to
                 thy
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Let
                 all
                 others
                 come
                 to
                 thee
                 to
                 learn
                 the
                 importance
                 of
                 Silence
                 and
                 Secrecy
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 discovering
                 the
                 Artifice
                 and
                 Maxims
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 Negotiations
                 and
                 Treaties
                 ,
                 Counsels
                 and
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 the
                 Ails
                 and
                 inward
                 Infirmities
                 of
                 States
                 ;
                 if
                 
                 Drusus
                 the
                 Tribune
                 had
                 duly
                 consider'd
                 this
                 Prudence
                 of
                 Bees
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Builder
                 promised
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Windows
                 of
                 his
                 house
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 no
                 Body
                 should
                 look
                 in
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 given
                 him
                 this
                 Answer
                 :
                 
                   Rather
                   ,
                   says
                   he
                   ,
                   so
                   contrive
                   my
                   House
                   if
                   you
                   can
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   may
                   see
                   what
                   I
                   do
                   1
                   ;
                   this
                   was
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Pride
                   of
                   an
                   open
                   ingenuous
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   confidence
                   of
                   a
                   private
                   Person
                   ,
                   not
                   of
                   a
                   publick
                   Minister
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Prince
                   ,
                   in
                   whose
                   ▪
                   Court
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   some
                   Retirements
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   may
                   unseen
                   treat
                   and
                   deliberate
                   of
                   Affairs
                   .
                   Counsel
                   is
                   like
                   a
                   Mystery
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   communicated
                   but
                   to
                   few
                   2
                
                 .
                 Ancient
                 Rome
                 erected
                 Altars
                 to
                 the
                 God
                 (
                 whom
                 they
                 called
                 Consus
                 )
                 who
                 presided
                 over
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 were
                 Subterraneous
                 ones
                 ,
                 to
                 intimate
                 ,
                 that
                 Counsels
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 private
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 which
                 Secrecy
                 it
                 grew
                 to
                 that
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 it self
                 so
                 long
                 ;
                 
                   For
                   Silence
                   is
                   the
                   best
                   and
                   strongest
                   Bond
                   of
                   Government
                   3
                   .
                
                 Their
                 Senate
                 was
                 so
                 close
                 and
                 trusty
                 ,
                 that
                 never
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Debates
                 were
                 publish'd
                 ;
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 one
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 who
                 discover'd
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 They
                 had
                 all
                 Ears
                 to
                 hear
                 ,
                 but
                 none
                 Tongues
                 to
                 divulge
                 .
                 I
                 question
                 whether
                 the
                 same
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 present
                 Governments
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 was
                 yesterday
                 debat'd
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 day
                 the
                 Subject
                 of
                 Womens
                 Chat
                 ;
                 who
                 with
                 ease
                 (
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Micah
                 ,
                 4
                 coaks
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Husbands
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 tell
                 'em
                 again
                 to
                 others
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 that
                 Secret
                 ,
                 which
                 M●ximus
                 told
                 his
                 Wife
                 Marti●
                 5
                 ,
                 and
                 she
                 to
                 Livia
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 Channels
                 ,
                 those
                 Secrets
                 soon
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Ears
                 of
                 foreign
                 Ambassadours
                 ,
                 whose
                 inquisitiveness
                 nothing
                 scapes
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 publick
                 Spies
                 ,
                 and
                 Plummets
                 that
                 always
                 search
                 the
                 bottom
                 ;
                 prudent
                 are
                 those
                 Governments
                 ,
                 which
                 allow
                 them
                 not
                 continual
                 Residence
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 more
                 prejudicial
                 ,
                 than
                 beneficial
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 oft'ner
                 breed
                 Disturbances
                 than
                 promote
                 Tranquility
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 ever
                 making
                 Glass
                 Hives
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 
                 may
                 treacherously
                 inspect
                 the
                 Deliberations
                 of
                 Councils
                 .
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 attentively
                 indeavour
                 to
                 stop
                 all
                 those
                 Crevises
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 inquisitive
                 Curiosity
                 may
                 pry
                 into
                 his
                 Concerns
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 any
                 Enemy
                 penetrates
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 easily
                 prevents
                 and
                 frustrates
                 them
                 .
                 As
                 Germanicus
                 did
                 ,
                 who
                 understood
                 all
                 the
                 Designs
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 6
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 Reason
                 of
                 the
                 Advice
                 which
                 Sallust
                 gave
                 Livia
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Secrets
                 of
                 the
                 Family
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Counsels
                 of
                 Friends
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Ministery
                 of
                 the
                 Militia
                 ,
                 should
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 be
                 divulg'd
                 7
                 .
                 Sampson
                 in
                 discovering
                 wherein
                 his
                 Strength
                 lay
                 to
                 Dali●h
                 8
                 ,
                 gave
                 his
                 Enemies
                 opportunity
                 of
                 robbing
                 him
                 of
                 it
                 9
                 .
                 Private
                 Designs
                 strike
                 a
                 Fear
                 upon
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 create
                 a
                 Veneration
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 at
                 first
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 well
                 grounded
                 ,
                 yet
                 may
                 a
                 prudent
                 Judgment
                 afterwards
                 find
                 means
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 Successful
                 .
                 The
                 Respect
                 and
                 Esteem
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 for
                 Princes
                 and
                 Common-wealths
                 ,
                 would
                 all
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 if
                 their
                 private
                 Consultations
                 were
                 made
                 publick
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 carv'd
                 Gyants
                 ,
                 which
                 seem
                 tall
                 and
                 vast
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 frighten
                 more
                 than
                 hurt
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 that
                 Fear
                 shall
                 approach
                 nearer
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 find
                 them
                 govern'd
                 and
                 fram'd
                 by
                 Men
                 of
                 no
                 higher
                 Statu●e
                 than
                 themselves
                 .
                 States
                 which
                 are
                 close
                 in
                 their
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 and
                 Actions
                 are
                 respected
                 ,
                 but
                 otherwise
                 despis'd
                 by
                 all
                 10
                 .
                 How
                 smooth
                 and
                 pleasant
                 does
                 a
                 deep
                 River
                 glide
                 along
                 ;
                 and
                 how
                 rough
                 and
                 uncouth
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 discovers
                 the
                 Pebbles
                 and
                 Weeds
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 !
                 None
                 dare
                 wade
                 that
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 every
                 one
                 skips
                 over
                 .
                 Those
                 things
                 which
                 Opinion
                 magnifies
                 ,
                 the
                 Eye
                 shews
                 less
                 .
                 Reverence
                 proceeds
                 from
                 distance
                 11
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 God
                 when
                 he
                 conferr'd
                 with
                 Moses
                 upon
                 
                   Mount
                   Sinai
                
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Laws
                 and
                 Government
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 veil'd
                 its
                 Top
                 not
                 only
                 with
                 Fire
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 with
                 a
                 thick
                 Cloud
                 12
                 ,
                 least
                 any
                 one
                 should
                 treacherously
                 observe
                 them
                 ;
                 he
                 also
                 Commanded
                 upon
                 pain
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 should
                 approach
                 the
                 very
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 
                 13
                 .
                 If
                 God
                 himself
                 ,
                 is
                 so
                 cautious
                 in
                 his
                 Commands
                 and
                 Consultations
                 ,
                 what
                 then
                 should
                 Man
                 be
                 ,
                 whose
                 wisest
                 Counsels
                 are
                 Ignorance
                 ?
                 When
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 are
                 publish'd
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 seem
                 elaborate
                 and
                 compos'd
                 with
                 profound
                 Judgment
                 ;
                 they
                 shew
                 the
                 Majesty
                 and
                 Prudence
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 believe
                 there
                 are
                 Reasons
                 and
                 Considerations
                 which
                 we
                 can't
                 comprehend
                 ;
                 nay
                 we
                 many
                 times
                 imagine
                 some
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Ministers
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 thought
                 of
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 we
                 were
                 to
                 hear
                 the
                 Debates
                 ,
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 and
                 Reasons
                 of
                 their
                 Resolves
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 perhaps
                 deservedly
                 ridicule
                 them
                 .
                 As
                 upon
                 the
                 Stage
                 the
                 Actors
                 appear
                 ,
                 Gay
                 and
                 Splendid
                 ,
                 and
                 move
                 the
                 Respect
                 of
                 all
                 ;
                 but
                 behind
                 the
                 Scenes
                 is
                 despicable
                 Misery
                 and
                 Confusion
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 yet
                 more
                 dangerous
                 to
                 entrust
                 the
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 Government
                 to
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 these
                 King
                 Henry
                 II.
                 ever
                 suspected
                 *
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 perhaps
                 many
                 would
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 safest
                 way
                 is
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 admit
                 any
                 of
                 'em
                 to
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 ;
                 chiefly
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 equal
                 Capacity
                 .
                 Least
                 they
                 should
                 dive
                 into
                 the
                 Maxims
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 14
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 our
                 unhappy
                 Temper
                 to
                 slight
                 and
                 contemn
                 our
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 admire
                 all
                 foreign
                 Commodities
                 .
                 We
                 think
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Courage
                 ,
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 or
                 Prudence
                 but
                 is
                 imported
                 ,
                 not
                 regarding
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 :
                 Admit
                 not
                 a
                 Stranger
                 within
                 thy
                 Door
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 will
                 raise
                 a
                 Whirlwind
                 against
                 thee
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 turn
                 thee
                 out
                 of
                 thy
                 own
                 Dwelling
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 a
                 Prince
                 would
                 have
                 his
                 Counsels
                 kept
                 secret
                 and
                 close
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 himself
                 set
                 a
                 good
                 Example
                 of
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Taciturnity
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 imitate
                 
                   Q.
                   M●tellus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 we
                 are
                 told
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 his
                 Shirt
                 knew
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 order
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 diligently
                 endeavour
                 to
                 conceal
                 his
                 Mind
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 Master
                 of
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 has
                 already
                 the
                 main
                 Instrument
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 This
                 Tiberius
                 knew
                 ,
                 who
                 even
                 in
                 Matters
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 Design
                 to
                 conceal
                 ,
                 either
                 naturally
                 ,
                 or
                 through
                 use
                 ,
                 always
                 spoke
                 intricately
                 and
                 obscurely
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 most
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 was
                 
                 discours'd
                 of
                 his
                 succeeding
                 Augustus
                 15
                 .
                 Secrets
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 communicated
                 to
                 all
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 never
                 so
                 faithful
                 ;
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 those
                 to
                 whom
                 they
                 some
                 way
                 belong
                 ,
                 or
                 those
                 from
                 whom
                 they
                 can't
                 be
                 conceal'd
                 without
                 greater
                 Damage
                 .
                 Christ
                 when
                 he
                 desir'd
                 to
                 have
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Miracles
                 private
                 ,
                 made
                 only
                 three
                 of
                 his
                 Apostles
                 privy
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 thinking
                 it
                 not
                 safe
                 to
                 intrust
                 it
                 to
                 them
                 all
                 16
                 .
                 The
                 keeping
                 of
                 a
                 Secret
                 requires
                 great
                 Care
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 we
                 can
                 be
                 Silence
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 in
                 our
                 Power
                 to
                 Command
                 the
                 interiour
                 Passions
                 17
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 suppress
                 that
                 quick
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 ,
                 which
                 betrays
                 the
                 Secrets
                 of
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Face
                 and
                 Eyes
                 18
                 .
                 The
                 Mind
                 being
                 like
                 the
                 finest
                 Paper
                 ,
                 which
                 discovers
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 what
                 is
                 written
                 within
                 ;
                 so
                 
                 Britannicus's
                 Death
                 appear'd
                 in
                 
                 Agrippina's
                 Face
                 ,
                 though
                 she
                 did
                 what
                 she
                 could
                 to
                 stifle
                 it
                 19
                 .
                 Augustus
                 and
                 Tiberius
                 knew
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 they
                 doubted
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 enough
                 dissemble
                 their
                 Joy
                 for
                 Germanicus
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 durst
                 not
                 appear
                 in
                 publick
                 20
                 .
                 The
                 Tongue
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 only
                 blabb
                 of
                 the
                 Secrets
                 of
                 the
                 Heart
                 ;
                 Man
                 has
                 many
                 as
                 great
                 Tell-tales
                 as
                 that
                 about
                 him
                 ;
                 as
                 Love
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 a
                 Fire
                 gives
                 light
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 discovers
                 the
                 darkest
                 Designs
                 :
                 Anger
                 which
                 froths
                 and
                 boils
                 over
                 ;
                 fear
                 of
                 Punishment
                 ;
                 violence
                 of
                 Sorrow
                 ;
                 Self-interest
                 ,
                 Honour
                 or
                 Infamy
                 ;
                 Vain-glory
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 which
                 prompts
                 us
                 to
                 disclose
                 them
                 before
                 they
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 Execution
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 the
                 weakness
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 either
                 from
                 Wine
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Accident
                 .
                 No
                 caution
                 can
                 deceive
                 these
                 natural
                 Spies
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 Care
                 is
                 taken
                 to
                 blind
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 sooner
                 they
                 discover
                 the
                 Secret.
                 As
                 it
                 befel
                 Sevinus
                 in
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 concern'd
                 in
                 ,
                 who
                 discover'd
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Concern
                 through
                 all
                 his
                 pretended
                 Joy
                 21
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 
                 long
                 use
                 may
                 in
                 time
                 correct
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 more
                 retentive
                 ,
                 as
                 Octavia
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 very
                 young
                 could
                 hide
                 her
                 Grief
                 and
                 other
                 Affections
                 22
                 ;
                 and
                 Nero
                 who
                 beside
                 his
                 natural
                 Propensity
                 ▪
                 had
                 almost
                 an
                 acquir'd
                 Faculty
                 of
                 disguising
                 his
                 Hate
                 with
                 false
                 Flatteries
                 23
                 ;
                 yet
                 Art
                 can't
                 be
                 so
                 vigilant
                 and
                 attentive
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 sometimes
                 to
                 forget
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Nature
                 its
                 free
                 Course
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 urg'd
                 and
                 provok'd
                 by
                 designing
                 Malice
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 done
                 many
                 ways
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 will
                 here
                 describe
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 may
                 beware
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 suffer
                 any
                 one
                 to
                 fathom
                 his
                 private
                 Sentiments
                 .
              
               
                 Malice
                 then
                 sometimes
                 touches
                 the
                 peccant
                 Humour
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 exert
                 and
                 declare
                 it self
                 24
                 .
                 So
                 Sejanus
                 Egg'd
                 on
                 
                 Agrippina's
                 Relations
                 to
                 incense
                 her
                 haughty
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 might
                 be
                 urg'd
                 to
                 discover
                 her
                 desire
                 of
                 Reigning
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 give
                 Tiberius
                 occasion
                 to
                 suspect
                 her
                 25
                 .
              
               
                 Injuries
                 and
                 Affronts
                 also
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 Keys
                 of
                 the
                 Heart
                 .
                 As
                 close
                 and
                 reserv'd
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 contain
                 himself
                 when
                 Agrippina
                 affronted
                 him
                 26
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 who
                 concealing
                 his
                 real
                 Sentiments
                 pretends
                 contrary
                 ones
                 ,
                 will
                 soon
                 discover
                 peoples
                 thoughts
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 with
                 which
                 Artifice
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Tiberius
                 us'd
                 to
                 fathom
                 the
                 Thoughts
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 making
                 a
                 shew
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 accept
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 27
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 yet
                 another
                 piece
                 of
                 Cunning
                 ,
                 which
                 insinuates
                 〈…〉
                 or
                 discommending
                 that
                 ,
                 〈…〉
                 bottom
                 of
                 ,
                 〈…〉
                 be
                 of
                 the
                 Party
                 to
                 gain
                 Credit
                 ,
                 and
                 induce
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 disclose
                 his
                 Sentiments
                 .
                 This
                 way
                 Latiaris
                 by
                 commending
                 Germanicus
                 ,
                 pitying
                 
                 Agrippina's
                 misfortune
                 ,
                 and
                 accusing
                 Sejanus
                 ,
                 so
                 ingratiated
                 himself
                 with
                 Sabinus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 discover'd
                 to
                 him
                 his
                 Aversion
                 to
                 Sejanus
                 28
                 .
              
               
               
                 Many
                 Questions
                 ask'd
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 are
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 Bullets
                 discharged
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 which
                 no
                 Caution
                 can
                 avoid
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 disarm
                 the
                 most
                 retentive
                 Breast
                 ;
                 as
                 were
                 those
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 to
                 
                 Piso's
                 Son
                 29
                 ;
                 the
                 Mind
                 is
                 also
                 confounded
                 by
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Questions
                 ;
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 on●●
                 found
                 ,
                 by
                 those
                 of
                 
                   Asinius
                   Gallus
                
                 30
                 ,
                 when
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 time
                 to
                 answer
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 hide
                 his
                 Concern
                 so
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 Afinius
                 took
                 notice
                 of
                 it
                 31
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Veneration
                 due
                 to
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 are
                 means
                 to
                 discover
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 more
                 than
                 Truth
                 ;
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 found
                 ,
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 he
                 examin'd
                 the
                 Criminals
                 himself
                 32
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 Discourse
                 and
                 Talk
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 can
                 promote
                 with
                 great
                 Dexterity
                 ,
                 the
                 Mind
                 is
                 discover'd
                 ;
                 as
                 by
                 joyning
                 the
                 several
                 pieces
                 of
                 a
                 torn
                 Letter
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 read
                 the
                 Sence
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 method
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 against
                 Nero
                 ,
                 knew
                 that
                 
                   Fenius
                   Rufus
                
                 was
                 of
                 their
                 Party
                 33
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 all
                 which
                 a
                 Prince
                 may
                 inferr
                 ,
                 how
                 difficult
                 a
                 matter
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 Secret
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 is
                 safe
                 within
                 our
                 own
                 Breasts
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 less
                 so
                 ,
                 when
                 committed
                 to
                 others
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 it
                 should
                 without
                 absolute
                 necessity
                 be
                 entrusted
                 to
                 none
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 Mine
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 has
                 too
                 many
                 Vents
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Powder
                 is
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 proves
                 ineffectual
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 necessity
                 of
                 a
                 Prince's
                 communicating
                 his
                 Secrets
                 to
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 seeing
                 'em
                 divulg'd
                 would
                 know
                 by
                 whom
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 feign
                 several
                 important
                 Secrets
                 ,
                 and
                 commit
                 one
                 to
                 each
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 which
                 he
                 hears
                 of
                 first
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 find
                 who
                 was
                 Tardy
                 before
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 these
                 Cautions
                 seem
                 frivolous
                 for
                 from
                 very
                 small
                 Causes
                 ,
                 great
                 Commotions
                 often
                 proceed
                 34
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 Potent
                 Empires
                 are
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 being
                 sapp'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 if
                 its
                 Curiosity
                 could
                 find
                 but
                 the
                 least
                 Chink
                 to
                 enter
                 at
                 When
                 this
                 Worm
                 has
                 once
                 found
                 the
                 Root
                 of
                 the
                 Secret
                 ,
                 it
                 soon
                 brings
                 the
                 tallest
                 Tree
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 IN
                 all
                 Affairs
                 the
                 Beginnings
                 and
                 Ends
                 ought
                 mutually
                 to
                 correspond
                 ;
                 the
                 Form
                 should
                 be
                 perfect
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 easily
                 to
                 be
                 chang'd
                 .
                 The
                 Potter
                 does
                 not
                 give
                 his
                 Wheel
                 so
                 much
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 nor
                 use
                 his
                 hand
                 so
                 carelesly
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 form
                 a
                 different
                 Pot
                 from
                 what
                 he
                 began
                 .
                 Let
                 any
                 undertaking
                 be
                 uniform
                 and
                 agreeable
                 to
                 its
                 self
                 .
              
               
                 
                   *
                   When
                   you
                   begin
                   with
                   so
                   much
                   Pomp
                   and
                   Shew
                   ,
                
                 
                   Why
                   is
                   the
                   End
                   so
                   little
                   and
                   so
                   low
                   ?
                
                 
                   Be
                   what
                   you
                   will
                   ,
                   so
                   you
                   be
                   still
                   the
                   same
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 There
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 pernicious
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 inequality
                 of
                 Actions
                 and
                 Government
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Beginnings
                 don't
                 answer
                 the
                 Ends.
                 He
                 makes
                 himself
                 ridiculous
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 who
                 begins
                 his
                 Reign
                 with
                 Care
                 and
                 Diligence
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 grows
                 negligent
                 and
                 careless
                 .
                 It
                 had
                 been
                 better
                 always
                 to
                 have
                 kept
                 the
                 same
                 Pace
                 though
                 dull
                 and
                 slow
                 ,
                 the
                 Commendation
                 which
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 merited
                 accuses
                 the
                 end
                 .
                 Galba
                 lost
                 his
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 he
                 promis'd
                 to
                 reform
                 the
                 Militia
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 admitted
                 Persons
                 wholly
                 desertless
                 1
                 .
                 Many
                 Princes
                 seem
                 very
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 very
                 bad
                 .
                 Many
                 Talk
                 and
                 Discourse
                 prudently
                 ,
                 and
                 Act
                 without
                 Discretion
                 .
                 Others
                 promise
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 perform
                 little
                 ;
                 some
                 are
                 very
                 valiant
                 in
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 mere
                 Cowards
                 in
                 War
                 ;
                 others
                 undertake
                 every
                 thing
                 and
                 do
                 nothing
                 .
                 This
                 Disagreement
                 is
                 much
                 below
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 a
                 firm
                 Constancy
                 should
                 appear
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Words
                 and
                 Actions
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 firm
                 in
                 their
                 Obedience
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 staggers
                 thus
                 himself
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 he
                 should
                 attentively
                 consider
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 concludes
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 whether
                 in
                 the
                 Executions
                 of
                 his
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 the
                 middle
                 will
                 be
                 answerable
                 to
                 the
                 Beginning
                 and
                 End
                 ;
                 as
                 Godfrey
                 advises
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Let
                   him
                   who
                   does
                   at
                   great
                   Begin●●●g●●m
                   ,
                   *
                
                 
                   Make
                   the
                   Thread
                   even
                   ;
                   and
                   both
                   Ends
                   the
                   same
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Web
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 tho'
                 never
                 so
                 finely
                 wrought
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 good
                 and
                 strong
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 even
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 sufficient
                 to
                 know
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 enter
                 upon
                 an
                 Affair
                 ,
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 expedient
                 too
                 ,
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 end
                 it
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 Head
                 and
                 Stern
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 the
                 Ancients
                 represented
                 perfect
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 duly
                 weigh'd
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 2
                 .
                 Whence
                 I
                 took
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 this
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 representing
                 prudent
                 
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 careful
                 of
                 its
                 Beginning
                 and
                 End
                 ;
                 by
                 a
                 Ship
                 moored
                 between
                 two
                 Anchors
                 ,
                 one
                 a
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 a
                 Stern
                 ,
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 Tempests
                 ;
                 only
                 one
                 at
                 the
                 Bow
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 small
                 effect
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Wind
                 blowing
                 hard
                 a
                 Stern
                 ,
                 should
                 drive
                 her
                 upon
                 the
                 Rocks
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 three
                 things
                 requisite
                 in
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 Prudence
                 to
                 deliberate
                 ,
                 Diligence
                 to
                 dispose
                 ,
                 and
                 Constancy
                 to
                 proceed
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 heat
                 and
                 toil
                 about
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Affairs
                 would
                 be
                 insignificant
                 ,
                 if
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 usually
                 is
                 )
                 we
                 are
                 careless
                 about
                 the
                 end
                 3
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 at
                 each
                 end
                 that
                 Prudence
                 ought
                 to
                 cast
                 Anchor
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 Prudence
                 only
                 regards
                 things
                 present
                 and
                 past
                 ,
                 not
                 future
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 all
                 Affairs
                 depend
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 by
                 Discourse
                 and
                 Reason
                 ,
                 to
                 conjecture
                 and
                 foresee
                 what
                 such
                 and
                 such
                 means
                 should
                 produce
                 ;
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Deliberation
                 and
                 Counsel
                 ;
                 which
                 are
                 as
                 the
                 Wise
                 Alphonso
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   best
                   Foresight
                   a
                   Man
                   can
                   have
                   in
                   dubious
                   Matters
                   .
                
                 And
                 in
                 those
                 there
                 's
                 three
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Probability
                 ,
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 Profit
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 propos'd
                 ;
                 and
                 also
                 the
                 Capacity
                 and
                 Experience
                 of
                 the
                 Minister
                 ,
                 who
                 gives
                 the
                 Counsels
                 ;
                 whether
                 he
                 be
                 moved
                 by
                 Interest
                 or
                 private
                 Ends
                 ;
                 whether
                 he
                 offers
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Danger
                 ,
                 what
                 are
                 the
                 Difficulties
                 of
                 the
                 Enterprize
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 whom
                 the
                 Blame
                 and
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 event
                 will
                 fall
                 4
                 .
                 These
                 Cautions
                 premis'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Matter
                 stated
                 ,
                 such
                 means
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 applys'd
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 conformable
                 to
                 the
                 above
                 mentioned
                 Qualities
                 ;
                 for
                 nothing
                 will
                 be
                 just
                 and
                 beneficial
                 ,
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 attain'd
                 by
                 indirect
                 or
                 extravagant
                 means
                 :
                 In
                 this
                 also
                 should
                 be
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 four
                 Distinctions
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 occur
                 in
                 all
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 but
                 especially
                 in
                 Diseases
                 of
                 States
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 humane
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Beginning
                 ,
                 the
                 Growth
                 ,
                 or
                 Progress
                 ,
                 the
                 Consistence
                 ,
                 and
                 Declension
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 timely
                 Application
                 of
                 proper
                 means
                 ,
                 the
                 desir'd
                 End
                 is
                 easily
                 obtain'd
                 ;
                 as
                 on
                 the
                 
                 contrary
                 ,
                 by
                 transposing
                 these
                 Methods
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 retarded
                 ;
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Rudder
                 were
                 chang'd
                 to
                 the
                 Head
                 ;
                 the
                 Art
                 consists
                 in
                 selecting
                 means
                 proper
                 to
                 the
                 Ends
                 design'd
                 ,
                 using
                 sometimes
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 tho●●
                 those
                 being
                 not
                 less
                 useful
                 and
                 assistant
                 which
                 are
                 omitted
                 than
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 apply'd
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Consort
                 of
                 Voices
                 ,
                 where
                 some
                 cease
                 while
                 others
                 Sing
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 all
                 equally
                 make
                 the
                 Harmony
                 .
                 Affairs
                 will
                 not
                 move
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 tho
                 their
                 good
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 or
                 common
                 Interest
                 seem
                 to
                 drive
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 not
                 guided
                 by
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 they
                 certainly
                 miscarry
                 5
                 ;
                 few
                 Princes
                 would
                 Err
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 govern'd
                 with
                 Assiduity
                 and
                 Circumspection
                 ;
                 but
                 either
                 they
                 tire
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 despise
                 these
                 Arts
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 obstinately
                 accomplish
                 their
                 Designs
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 methods
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 stubborn
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 but
                 Prudence
                 uses
                 other
                 means
                 .
                 What
                 Force
                 can't
                 subdue
                 ,
                 is
                 easily
                 obtained
                 by
                 Dexterity
                 ,
                 adapted
                 to
                 time
                 and
                 circumstance
                 .
                 So
                 Caecinus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 neither
                 by
                 Prayers
                 ,
                 nor
                 by
                 Threats
                 stop
                 the
                 Flight
                 of
                 the
                 German
                 Legions
                 possess'd
                 by
                 a
                 vain
                 Fear
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 last
                 threw
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Gate
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Horror
                 ,
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 of
                 trampling
                 over
                 their
                 Generals
                 Body
                 ,
                 stopt
                 them
                 6
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 Pompey
                 did
                 in
                 another
                 Case
                 ;
                 one
                 single
                 word
                 spoken
                 to
                 Purpose
                 has
                 gained
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 
                   Ferdinando
                   Gonsalez
                
                 Count
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 having
                 drawn
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Moors
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 Person
                 putting
                 Spurs
                 to
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 rode
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Rank
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 the
                 Earth
                 open'd
                 and
                 swallow'd
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 Consternation
                 at
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Count
                 turning
                 to
                 'em
                 :
                 
                   Courage
                   Gentlemen
                   ,
                   says
                   he
                   ,
                   If
                   the
                   Earth
                   can't
                   bear
                   us
                   ,
                
                 much
                 less
                 will
                 our
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 instantly
                 joyning
                 Battle
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 happen'd
                 at
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Cirniola
                 is
                 not
                 less
                 remarkable
                 ;
                 an
                 Italian
                 thinking
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 were
                 routed
                 ,
                 set
                 Fire
                 to
                 two
                 Waggons
                 of
                 Powder
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 Captain
                 Gonsalvo
                 readily
                 and
                 cheerfully
                 animated
                 them
                 with
                 these
                 words
                 :
                 
                   Courage
                   my
                   Friends
                   ,
                   
                   these
                   are
                   the
                   Bone-Fires
                   for
                   our
                   Victory
                   ;
                
                 which
                 the
                 Event
                 prov'd
                 *
                 ;
                 so
                 much
                 it
                 imports
                 a
                 Minister
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 quick
                 ready
                 Wit
                 ,
                 and
                 address
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Opportunities
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 proper
                 means
                 to
                 turn
                 Misfortunes
                 to
                 his
                 Advantage
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 after
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 good
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Application
                 of
                 proper
                 means
                 ,
                 Events
                 don't
                 answer
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Desire
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 be
                 discouraged
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 shew
                 his
                 Constancy
                 ;
                 for
                 Resolutions
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 measur'd
                 by
                 Chance
                 ,
                 but
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Casualties
                 which
                 can't
                 be
                 foreseen
                 ,
                 or
                 prevented
                 ,
                 accuse
                 not
                 the
                 Action
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 blame
                 a
                 Man
                 for
                 doing
                 his
                 endeavour
                 is
                 Impudence
                 .
                 This
                 usually
                 befalls
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 either
                 want
                 Judgment
                 or
                 Courage
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 oppress'd
                 by
                 ill
                 Success
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 beside
                 themselves
                 ,
                 give
                 themselves
                 up
                 to
                 Melancholy
                 ,
                 and
                 lose
                 that
                 time
                 in
                 vain
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 what
                 has
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 remedying
                 it
                 ,
                 quarrelling
                 with
                 themselves
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 take
                 another
                 method
                 7
                 ;
                 and
                 laying
                 all
                 the
                 Fault
                 upon
                 him
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 not
                 considering
                 whether
                 't
                 was
                 grounded
                 upon
                 Reason
                 or
                 no.
                 Whence
                 't
                 is
                 that
                 Ministers
                 are
                 afraid
                 of
                 declaring
                 their
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 slip
                 many
                 Opportunities
                 ,
                 without
                 advertising
                 the
                 Prince
                 thereof
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 exposing
                 their
                 Favour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 to
                 the
                 uncertainty
                 of
                 Casualties
                 .
                 These
                 Inconveniences
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 most
                 industriously
                 to
                 avoid
                 ,
                 by
                 persisting
                 constant
                 in
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 and
                 excusing
                 their
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 notoriously
                 to
                 blame
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 more
                 readily
                 and
                 couragiously
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 overcoming
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 tho'
                 there
                 are
                 palpable
                 Errours
                 in
                 some
                 Resolves
                 and
                 Executions
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 bear
                 it
                 calmly
                 ;
                 for
                 what
                 is
                 once
                 done
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 say
                 ,
                 can't
                 be
                 undone
                 ▪
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 reflect
                 upon
                 past
                 Actions
                 ,
                 for
                 Instruction
                 not
                 Affliction
                 ;
                 it
                 requires
                 as
                 much
                 Courage
                 ,
                 to
                 pass
                 by
                 Faults
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 encounter
                 Dangers
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Empire
                 free
                 from
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 is
                 too
                 timorous
                 cannot
                 resolve
                 ,
                 and
                 oftentimes
                 Irresolution
                 is
                 worse
                 than
                 Errour
                 it self
                 .
                 Business
                 requires
                 a
                 quick
                 and
                 ready
                 Genius
                 ;
                 if
                 each
                 particular
                 should
                 take
                 up
                 his
                 whole
                 time
                 ,
                 many
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 neglected
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Detriment
                 of
                 the
                 Parties
                 concern'd
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 in
                 general
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXIV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Ancients
                 in
                 War
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 certain
                 Chariots
                 arm'd
                 with
                 Scythes
                 ,
                 which
                 mov'd
                 and
                 executed
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ;
                 the
                 Wheels
                 and
                 Scythes
                 being
                 both
                 govern'd
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Motion
                 ;
                 those
                 were
                 no
                 sooner
                 whirl'd
                 about
                 ,
                 but
                 these
                 did
                 Execution
                 ,
                 with
                 equal
                 Speed
                 and
                 Effect
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 therefore
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Figure
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 speedy
                 Execution
                 ;
                 as
                 those
                 fiery
                 Wheels
                 in
                 the
                 Throne
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 signified
                 the
                 Activity
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Quickness
                 of
                 his
                 Operation
                 1
                 .
                 Let
                 Prudence
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 said
                 before
                 )
                 chuse
                 a
                 fit
                 time
                 for
                 Consultation
                 ,
                 but
                 let
                 its
                 Resolves
                 ,
                 and
                 Executions
                 have
                 such
                 a
                 mutual
                 Correspondence
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 may
                 both
                 seem
                 to
                 move
                 together
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 interpos'd
                 
                 Delay
                 .
                 For
                 Consultation
                 and
                 Execution
                 should
                 joyn
                 hands
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 assist
                 each
                 other
                 in
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 the
                 desir'd
                 Effects
                 2
                 .
                 The
                 Emperour
                 Charles
                 V.
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 delay
                 was
                 the
                 Soul
                 of
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 and
                 speed
                 that
                 of
                 Execution
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 both
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 were
                 the
                 Quintessence
                 of
                 a
                 Princes
                 Prudence
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 so
                 successful
                 in
                 his
                 undertakings
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 not
                 maturely
                 weigh'd
                 ,
                 and
                 speedily
                 executed
                 his
                 Resolutions
                 .
                 Were
                 a
                 Prince
                 indued
                 with
                 both
                 these
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 never
                 want
                 Success
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ever
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 which
                 once
                 past
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 recall'd
                 .
                 One
                 minute
                 brings
                 us
                 great
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 or
                 great
                 Detriment
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 Demosthenes
                 blam'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 for
                 spending
                 too
                 much
                 time
                 in
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 saying
                 that
                 Opportunities
                 would
                 not
                 wait
                 their
                 Delays
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Counsel
                 be
                 advantageous
                 ,
                 that
                 time
                 which
                 is
                 spent
                 in
                 Delay
                 deducts
                 from
                 its
                 Advantage
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 room
                 for
                 Delay
                 in
                 Counsels
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 valuable
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 their
                 Effects
                 3
                 .
                 Counsel
                 is
                 an
                 Embryo
                 ,
                 and
                 unless
                 Execution
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Soul
                 thereof
                 gives
                 it
                 Life
                 ,
                 it
                 dies
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 Product
                 of
                 the
                 Understanding
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Act
                 of
                 practick
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 exert
                 not
                 it self
                 but
                 remains
                 in
                 Contemplation
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 vain
                 Imagination
                 and
                 Fancy
                 .
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 says
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 executed
                 with
                 haste
                 ,
                 but
                 deliberated
                 with
                 leisure
                 .
                 Iames
                 I.
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 advised
                 his
                 Son
                 to
                 be
                 prudent
                 and
                 cautious
                 in
                 his
                 Deliberations
                 ,
                 firm
                 and
                 constant
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 and
                 prompt
                 and
                 resolute
                 in
                 his
                 Executions
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 last
                 Nature
                 had
                 supplyed
                 the
                 Hands
                 and
                 Feet
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 Joynts
                 and
                 such
                 ready
                 Motion
                 .
                 Delay
                 is
                 base
                 and
                 mean
                 ▪
                 but
                 speed
                 great
                 and
                 Royal.
                 4
                 .
                 This
                 Vice
                 of
                 Delay
                 is
                 very
                 frequent
                 in
                 great
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 and
                 proceeds
                 from
                 their
                 too
                 great
                 Confidence
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 
                 visible
                 in
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Otho
                 5
                 .
                 As
                 also
                 from
                 the
                 unweildiness
                 of
                 the
                 Wheels
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 its
                 Grandeur
                 is
                 carry'd
                 ,
                 and
                 least
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 run
                 the
                 Risque
                 of
                 losing
                 what
                 he
                 already
                 has
                 ,
                 he
                 lives
                 content
                 within
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Empire
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 really
                 Laziness
                 and
                 Sloth
                 is
                 call'd
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Galba
                 6
                 .
                 Empires
                 in
                 their
                 Infancy
                 acquire
                 Strength
                 and
                 Vigour
                 by
                 dispatch
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 Blood
                 boyls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Glory
                 and
                 Ambition
                 are
                 active
                 .
                 The
                 Roman
                 State
                 throve
                 by
                 Action
                 and
                 Bravery
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 those
                 Dilatory
                 Counsels
                 which
                 Cowards
                 call
                 Cautions
                 7
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 at
                 their
                 full
                 growth
                 ,
                 their
                 very
                 Majesty
                 and
                 Authority
                 supports
                 'em
                 long
                 ,
                 though
                 that
                 Vigour
                 and
                 heat
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 Ambition
                 be
                 extinguish'd
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Sea
                 keeps
                 its
                 Motion
                 for
                 a
                 considerable
                 time
                 after
                 the
                 Wind
                 ceases
                 .
                 When
                 therefore
                 Empires
                 are
                 in
                 this
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 I
                 don't
                 so
                 much
                 disapprove
                 of
                 these
                 tedious
                 Deliberations
                 .
                 For
                 so
                 they
                 gain
                 more
                 time
                 to
                 enjoy
                 quietly
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 gotten
                 :
                 too
                 speedy
                 Resolutions
                 being
                 often
                 attended
                 with
                 Danger
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Sence
                 that
                 of
                 Tacitus
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 ,
                 that
                 Power
                 is
                 better
                 preserv'd
                 by
                 cautious
                 than
                 rash
                 Counsels
                 8
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 this
                 Age
                 decays
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 begins
                 to
                 Flag
                 ,
                 other
                 methods
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 us'd
                 ,
                 Counsels
                 should
                 be
                 speedy
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 means
                 apply'd
                 to
                 recover
                 its
                 former
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 before
                 decrepid
                 old
                 Age
                 comes
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 renders
                 it
                 irrecoverable
                 ;
                 this
                 difference
                 of
                 Ages
                 is
                 not
                 considerable
                 in
                 small
                 States
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 should
                 always
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 spread
                 their
                 Sails
                 to
                 every
                 favourable
                 Wind
                 ,
                 which
                 sits
                 sometimes
                 this
                 way
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 that
                 .
                 As
                 in
                 the
                 Circumference
                 of
                 the
                 Horizon
                 ,
                 the
                 Winds
                 rule
                 alternatively
                 upon
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 the
                 Goths
                 and
                 other
                 Nothern
                 Nations
                 ,
                 had
                 formerly
                 very
                 favourable
                 Winds
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 made
                 so
                 good
                 use
                 ,
                 loosing
                 all
                 their
                 Sails
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 penetrated
                 even
                 
                 to
                 
                 Hercules's
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 the
                 then
                 utmost
                 limits
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 Wind
                 ceasing
                 another
                 succeeded
                 more
                 favourable
                 to
                 other
                 Empires
                 .
              
               
                 Constancy
                 in
                 executing
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Prince's
                 own
                 ,
                 or
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 others
                 ,
                 is
                 always
                 of
                 great
                 Importance
                 .
                 For
                 want
                 of
                 this
                 Paetus
                 could
                 not
                 triumph
                 over
                 the
                 Parthians
                 9
                 .
                 All
                 eager
                 and
                 fiery
                 Spirits
                 quickly
                 resolve
                 ,
                 and
                 soon
                 repent
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 hot
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 but
                 cold
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 they
                 aim
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 bring
                 nothing
                 to
                 Perfection
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 like
                 the
                 Animal
                 call'd
                 Calipes
                 ,
                 which
                 mo●es
                 with
                 great
                 haste
                 ,
                 but
                 advances
                 not
                 a
                 Foot
                 in
                 an
                 hour
                 .
                 The
                 management
                 of
                 all
                 Affairs
                 requires
                 Conduct
                 and
                 Valour
                 ,
                 one
                 to
                 form
                 and
                 t'other
                 to
                 execute
                 them
                 ;
                 to
                 a
                 resolv'd
                 and
                 brave
                 Spirit
                 nothing
                 is
                 difficult
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 scrupulous
                 ,
                 and
                 timorous
                 ,
                 meets
                 with
                 a
                 world
                 of
                 Difficulty
                 ,
                 and
                 loses
                 many
                 lucky
                 Opportunities
                 .
                 Great
                 Men
                 are
                 long
                 in
                 their
                 Deliberations
                 ,
                 and
                 jealous
                 of
                 what
                 may
                 happen
                 ,
                 but
                 once
                 resolv'd
                 they
                 Act
                 with
                 Vigour
                 and
                 Confidence
                 10
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 the
                 Courage
                 sails
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 applying
                 convenient
                 means
                 ,
                 wholly
                 desists
                 from
                 the
                 Enterprize
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 few
                 Affairs
                 which
                 cannot
                 he
                 accomplished
                 by
                 Wit
                 ,
                 or
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 Opportunity
                 cannot
                 facilitate
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 proper
                 wholly
                 to
                 confound
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 preserve
                 'em
                 entire
                 .
                 Chrystal
                 once
                 broken
                 can't
                 be
                 rejoyn'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 be
                 the
                 Tempest
                 never
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 ●tis
                 safer
                 to
                 keep
                 some
                 Sail
                 abroad
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 fu●l
                 all
                 .
                 Most
                 Affairs
                 die
                 by
                 being
                 despair'd
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 '
                 Ti●
                 also
                 highly
                 conducive
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 to
                 execute
                 Orders
                 ,
                 should
                 first
                 approve
                 them
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 he
                 will
                 not
                 ●hink
                 'em
                 necessary
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 find
                 Difficulties
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 ●ot
                 apply
                 himself
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 he
                 ought
                 ,
                 not
                 caring
                 whether
                 they
                 succeed
                 or
                 no.
                 That
                 Minister
                 is
                 most
                 proper
                 to
                 exe●ute
                 who
                 first
                 gave
                 the
                 Counsel
                 .
                 For
                 his
                 Honour
                 and
                 Re●utation
                 〈◊〉
                 concern'd
                 in
                 its
                 Success
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Stone
                 cast
                 in
                 a
                 Pond
                 creates
                 such
                 a
                 continual
                 Series
                 of
                 Waves
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 at
                 last
                 become
                 innumerable
                 ,
                 and
                 wholly
                 disturb
                 that
                 transparent
                 Element
                 ,
                 and
                 calm
                 Looking-Glass
                 ;
                 from
                 which
                 the
                 Species
                 of
                 things
                 which
                 were
                 before
                 distinctly
                 represented
                 ,
                 appear
                 now
                 in
                 Disorder
                 and
                 Confusion
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 from
                 one
                 Errour
                 proceeds
                 many
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Judgment
                 being
                 confounded
                 and
                 blinded
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Waves
                 of
                 Passion
                 raised
                 ,
                 the
                 Understanding
                 can't
                 perceive
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 things
                 represented
                 ,
                 but
                 striving
                 to
                 remedy
                 the
                 first
                 Errour
                 falls
                 into
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 into
                 a
                 third
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 length
                 become
                 infinite
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 further
                 they
                 are
                 from
                 the
                 first
                 the
                 greater
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 like
                 Waves
                 that
                 are
                 most
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Stone
                 that
                 caus'd
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 The
                 Reason
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Beginning
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   half
                   of
                   the
                   
                   whole
                   ,
                
                 so
                 that
                 a
                 small
                 Errour
                 in
                 the
                 Beginning
                 correspond
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 Parts
                 1
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 great
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Errour
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 for
                 from
                 thence
                 all
                 others
                 proceed
                 2
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 visible
                 in
                 M●smissa
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 checked
                 by
                 Scipio
                 for
                 marrying
                 Sophonisba
                 ,
                 thought
                 to
                 remedy
                 that
                 Fault
                 by
                 a
                 far
                 greater
                 ,
                 in
                 poisoning
                 her
                 .
                 King
                 Witiza
                 by
                 his
                 Vices
                 obscured
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 Beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Mistresses
                 he
                 kept
                 might
                 not
                 seem
                 scandalous
                 ,
                 he
                 allow'd
                 all
                 his
                 Subjects
                 the
                 same
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 Law
                 for
                 impowering
                 the
                 Clergy
                 to
                 marry
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 finding
                 his
                 Errours
                 contradictory
                 to
                 Religion
                 ,
                 he
                 deny'd
                 the
                 Pope's
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 incurr'd
                 the
                 Odium
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 rebelling
                 he
                 demolish'd
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 of
                 most
                 Cities
                 and
                 Castles
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 laid
                 all
                 Spain
                 open
                 to
                 the
                 Incursions
                 of
                 the
                 Moors
                 *
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 these
                 Faults
                 proceeding
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 see
                 ,
                 at
                 last
                 occasion'd
                 his
                 Death
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Series
                 of
                 Crimes
                 is
                 visible
                 in
                 Duke
                 Valentine
                 :
                 He
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 build
                 his
                 own
                 Fortune
                 upon
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 End
                 he
                 omitted
                 no
                 sort
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 one
                 piece
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 being
                 follow'd
                 by
                 a
                 greater
                 3
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 last
                 cost
                 him
                 his
                 State
                 and
                 Life
                 too
                 ,
                 proving
                 himself
                 an
                 unfortunate
                 Scholar
                 ,
                 and
                 Machiavel
                 ,
                 a
                 pernicious
                 Master
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Faults
                 of
                 Princes
                 are
                 Difficulty
                 corrected
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 usually
                 affect
                 many
                 ;
                 or
                 sometimes
                 because
                 of
                 Obstinacy
                 or
                 Ignorance
                 .
                 Great
                 Spirits
                 which
                 are
                 often
                 more
                 ingenuous
                 and
                 tractable
                 than
                 others
                 ,
                 easily
                 acknowledge
                 their
                 Errours
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 convinced
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 study
                 to
                 amend
                 them
                 ,
                 pulling
                 down
                 the
                 ill
                 built
                 Edifice
                 Stone
                 by
                 Stone
                 ,
                 to
                 rebuild
                 it
                 with
                 more
                 firm
                 and
                 durable
                 Materials
                 .
                 The
                 Motto
                 of
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Philip
                 III.
                 was
                 ,
                 
                   Be
                   not
                   asham'd
                   
                   to
                   alter
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   ill
                   began
                   .
                   He
                   who
                   returns
                   by
                   the
                   same
                   way
                   he
                   went
                   ,
                   will
                   find
                   his
                   mistake
                   ,
                   and
                   soon
                   recover
                   the
                   right
                   Road
                   ;
                   Repentance
                   would
                   be
                   afterward
                   insignificant
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   To
                   own
                   you
                   ,
                   have
                   at
                   last
                   your
                   Errour
                   found
                   *
                   ,
                
                 
                   Is
                   of
                   small
                   use
                   ,
                   when
                   once
                   the
                   Ship
                   's
                   aground
                   .
                
              
               
                 Policy
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 Chain
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 if
                 one
                 Link
                 be
                 broken
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 is
                 useless
                 ,
                 unless
                 soon
                 solder'd
                 :
                 A
                 Prince
                 who
                 knows
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 his
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 yet
                 still
                 persists
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 greater
                 Lover
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 than
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ;
                 esteeming
                 an
                 empty
                 shadow
                 of
                 Glory
                 more
                 than
                 Truth
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 thought
                 constant
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 stubborn
                 and
                 perverse
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 general
                 Vice
                 of
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 ,
                 to
                 think
                 it
                 beneath
                 'em
                 to
                 retire
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 once
                 advanced
                 .
              
               
                 
                   —
                   He
                   thinks
                   it
                   Brave
                   †
                
                 
                   Who
                   grasps
                   the
                   Scepter
                   in
                   his
                   Royal
                   Hand
                
                 
                   Not
                   to
                   retreat
                   —
                
              
               
                 Though
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Charles
                 V.
                 was
                 better
                 advised
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 Sign'd
                 a
                 Grant
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 afterwards
                 informed
                 was
                 illegal
                 and
                 disallowable
                 ,
                 order'd
                 it
                 to
                 〈◊〉
                 brought
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 tore
                 it
                 :
                 
                   I
                   had
                   rather
                   ,
                   say●
                   he
                   ,
                   tear
                   my
                   writing
                   than
                   my
                   Soul.
                   
                
                 To
                 know
                 ones
                 ●●rours
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 to
                 persist
                 in
                 them
                 is
                 tyrannick
                 Obstinacy
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 defend
                 them●upon
                 pretence
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 resolve
                 to
                 Sin
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 incourage
                 Ignorance
                 and
                 Folly
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 gilding
                 Iron
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 which
                 soon
                 wears
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Iron
                 appea●●
                 in
                 its
                 rusty
                 Hue.
                 An
                 Errour
                 corrected
                 makes
                 us
                 more
                 ca●tious
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 commit
                 Faults
                 sometimes
                 is
                 a
                 means
                 to
                 prevent
                 greater
                 .
                 So
                 small
                 is
                 our
                 Capacity
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 instructed
                 by
                 our
                 very
                 Faults
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 taught
                 by
                 them
                 how
                 to
                 Act
                 discreetly
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 be●
                 Laws
                 and
                 Examples
                 proceed
                 from
                 others
                 Crimes
                 4
                 .
                 The
                 
                 most
                 prudent
                 State
                 committed
                 many
                 miscarriages
                 ,
                 before
                 it
                 arriv'd
                 to
                 Perfection
                 .
                 God
                 alone
                 could
                 compleat
                 the
                 Fabrick
                 of
                 this
                 World
                 without
                 Errour
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 even
                 he
                 did
                 afterwards
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 repent
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 Man
                 5
                 .
                 We
                 are
                 sometimes
                 more
                 indebted
                 to
                 our
                 miscarriages
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 our
                 Success
                 ;
                 for
                 those
                 instruct
                 us
                 ,
                 but
                 these
                 are
                 only
                 the
                 Seeds
                 of
                 Pride
                 and
                 Vanity
                 .
                 The
                 Patriarchs
                 Instruct
                 not
                 on●y
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Sinful
                 6
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Shades
                 give
                 light
                 to
                 a
                 Picture
                 ,
                 to
                 them
                 we
                 owe
                 the
                 Excellency
                 of
                 that
                 Art.
                 
              
               
                 Errour
                 does
                 not
                 always
                 proceed
                 from
                 Imprudence
                 ,
                 time
                 and
                 other
                 accidents
                 are
                 often
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 convenient
                 ,
                 is
                 afterwards
                 prejudicial
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 Prudence
                 can't
                 give
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 proper
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 ;
                 which
                 makes
                 it
                 necessary
                 to
                 alter
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 and
                 repeal
                 Laws
                 and
                 Statutes
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 apparent
                 Advantage
                 7
                 ;
                 or
                 Danger
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 the
                 Prince
                 finds
                 himself
                 mis-inform'd
                 of
                 Matters
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 such
                 Resolutions
                 were
                 grounded
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 Reason
                 King
                 Ah●suerus
                 gave
                 for
                 recalling
                 the
                 Sentence
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 pronounced
                 against
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 unjust
                 Accusation
                 of
                 Haman
                 8
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 Cases
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 levity
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 but
                 Prudence
                 to
                 alter
                 Counsels
                 and
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 called
                 Inconstancy
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 firm
                 Zeal
                 to
                 be
                 guided
                 by
                 Reason
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Weather-Cock
                 is
                 by
                 the
                 Wind
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Needle
                 by
                 the
                 North
                 Pole.
                 The
                 Physician
                 varies
                 his
                 Medicines
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 having
                 Respect
                 to
                 nothing
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 his
                 Patient
                 .
                 The
                 different
                 Diseases
                 which
                 States
                 labour
                 under
                 ,
                 require
                 different
                 methods
                 of
                 Cure.
                 Let
                 a
                 Prince
                 then
                 think
                 it
                 a
                 Credit
                 to
                 review
                 ,
                 and
                 correct
                 his
                 Decrees
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Errours
                 too
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 asham'd
                 of
                 'em
                 to
                 commit
                 'em
                 might
                 be
                 Inadvertency
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 amend
                 is
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 Obstinacy
                 is
                 ever
                 a
                 certain
                 Sign
                 
                 of
                 Folly.
                 Yet
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 Prudence
                 to
                 make
                 this
                 Alteration
                 with
                 such
                 Address
                 and
                 Dexterity
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 may
                 not
                 perceive
                 it
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 ignorant
                 and
                 foolish
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 call
                 Mistake
                 want
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 Amendment
                 ,
                 Levity
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 tho'
                 I
                 advise
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 correct
                 his
                 Errours
                 ,
                 yet
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 understood
                 of
                 all
                 in
                 general
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 are
                 so
                 small
                 and
                 insignificant
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 being
                 censur'd
                 for
                 Levity
                 in
                 the
                 amendment
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Damage
                 they
                 can
                 do
                 by
                 continuing
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 where
                 they
                 will
                 by
                 Degrees
                 cease
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 without
                 drawing
                 on
                 greater
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 better
                 to
                 let
                 'em
                 remain
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 follow
                 'em
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 vigorously
                 to
                 persist
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 perhaps
                 more
                 danger
                 in
                 retracting
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 frequently
                 happen
                 in
                 War
                 ;
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 succeed
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 use
                 indirect
                 means
                 ,
                 tho'
                 you
                 incur
                 some
                 small
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 straiten
                 a
                 crooked
                 Stick
                 is
                 to
                 bend
                 it
                 the
                 contrary
                 way
                 ;
                 in
                 these
                 Cases
                 small
                 Errours
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 valu'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 their
                 Causes
                 ,
                 nor
                 Means
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 wholly
                 opposite
                 to
                 Honour
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Advantage
                 to
                 be
                 reap'd
                 from
                 'em
                 is
                 considerable
                 :
                 For
                 so
                 they
                 are
                 allowable
                 ,
                 and
                 ought
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 call'd
                 Disposition
                 to
                 Success
                 than
                 Errours
                 .
                 Others
                 are
                 so
                 interwoven
                 in
                 great
                 Attempts
                 ,
                 that
                 like
                 Roses
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 approaching
                 them
                 without
                 pricking
                 ones
                 hand
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 in
                 those
                 Counsels
                 which
                 concern
                 the
                 general
                 Good
                 of
                 a
                 Nation
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 always
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 some
                 private
                 Persons
                 .
                 The
                 Bodies
                 of
                 States
                 are
                 compos'd
                 of
                 different
                 and
                 opposite
                 Parts
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Qualities
                 and
                 Humours
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Remedy
                 which
                 is
                 apply'd
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 ,
                 is
                 usually
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 some
                 Part
                 :
                 A
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 has
                 need
                 of
                 great
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 to
                 weigh
                 and
                 compare
                 Advantages
                 with
                 Damages
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Courage
                 to
                 execute
                 without
                 hazarding
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 those
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 these
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXVI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 RENOVATION
                 perpetuates
                 the
                 most
                 fading
                 things
                 in
                 Nature
                 ;
                 each
                 individual
                 Eternizes
                 it self
                 in
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 preserves
                 its
                 Species
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 for
                 this
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 carefully
                 preserves
                 young
                 Plants
                 to
                 substitute
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 those
                 Trees
                 which
                 die
                 .
                 He
                 does
                 not
                 leave
                 this
                 to
                 Chance
                 ,
                 because
                 perhaps
                 they
                 will
                 either
                 not
                 spring
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 desires
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 not
                 in
                 proper
                 places
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 they
                 of
                 themselves
                 grow
                 strait
                 and
                 handsome
                 ,
                 without
                 his
                 Care
                 in
                 setting
                 them
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 young
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 once
                 grown
                 up
                 no
                 Force
                 can
                 straiten
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Care
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 Youth
                 '
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 those
                 Countreys
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Constitution
                 of
                 the
                 Climate
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 produce
                 great
                 and
                 noble
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 like
                 fertile
                 Fields
                 soon
                 over-run
                 with
                 Wood
                 and
                 Brambles
                 ,
                 unless
                 
                 their
                 Fertility
                 be
                 corrected
                 by
                 the
                 Art
                 and
                 Industry
                 of
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 .
                 The
                 greater
                 the
                 Spirit
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 dangerous
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 unless
                 timely
                 moderated
                 by
                 Education
                 .
                 A
                 high
                 aspiring
                 Spirit
                 cannot
                 contain
                 it self
                 ;
                 it
                 shakes
                 off
                 the
                 Curb
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 eager
                 for
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 therefore
                 be
                 restrain'd
                 by
                 Art
                 and
                 Instruction
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 by
                 being
                 busied
                 in
                 some
                 honourable
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 advanc'd
                 in
                 years
                 ,
                 the
                 Cure
                 for
                 its
                 Levity
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 employ
                 it
                 in
                 Affairs
                 of
                 State
                 ;
                 I
                 take
                 this
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Reason
                 ,
                 why
                 some
                 States
                 admitted
                 young
                 Persons
                 into
                 their
                 Senates
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 Gardiners
                 use
                 ,
                 to
                 transplant
                 their
                 young
                 Trees
                 into
                 another
                 Ground
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 superfluous
                 Roots
                 may
                 be
                 prun'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tree
                 grow
                 strait
                 and
                 tall
                 .
                 Youth
                 seldom
                 thrives
                 well
                 in
                 its
                 own
                 Countrey
                 .
                 For
                 their
                 Friends
                 and
                 Relations
                 by
                 too
                 much
                 Indulgence
                 make
                 them
                 Extravagant
                 .
                 In
                 other
                 Countries
                 't
                 is
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Necessity
                 obliges
                 them
                 to
                 regulate
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 gain
                 People's
                 Esteem
                 .
                 At
                 home
                 we
                 generally
                 expect
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 promise
                 our selves
                 Pardon
                 ;
                 but
                 abroad
                 when
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 known
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 afraid
                 of
                 the
                 Rigour
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 besides
                 Travel
                 polishes
                 our
                 Behaviour
                 ,
                 and
                 corrects
                 the
                 Roughness
                 of
                 our
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 foolish
                 Vanity
                 ,
                 which
                 attends
                 our
                 home-bred
                 Gentlemen
                 .
                 There
                 Languages
                 ,
                 and
                 Men
                 are
                 learn't
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Manners
                 and
                 Customs
                 observed
                 ,
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 which
                 qualifies
                 a
                 Man
                 for
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 Peace
                 as
                 War.
                 'T
                 was
                 Travel
                 made
                 
                   Plato
                   ,
                   Lycurgus
                   ,
                   Solon
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Pythagoras
                 ,
                 such
                 prudent
                 Lawgivers
                 and
                 Philosophers
                 .
                 At
                 home
                 Men
                 are
                 born
                 and
                 die
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 but
                 abroad
                 they
                 raise
                 it
                 .
                 No
                 Planet
                 is
                 exalted
                 in
                 its
                 own
                 House
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 anothers
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 without
                 Detriment
                 and
                 Inconveniency
                 to
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 Travel
                 is
                 the
                 great
                 Mistress
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 if
                 made
                 for
                 Information
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Direction
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 the
                 Northern
                 People
                 are
                 very
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 great
                 Curiosity
                 and
                 Attention
                 travel
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 to
                 learn
                 Languages
                 ,
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 .
                 The
                 Spaniards
                 who
                 have
                 greater
                 Conveniency
                 for
                 travelling
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 Nation
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Extent
                 of
                 their
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 have
                 the
                 least
                 inclination
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 lazily
                 spending
                 all
                 their
                 time
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 unless
                 sometimes
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 out
                 by
                 War
                 ;
                 when
                 nevertheless
                 't
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 for
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 often
                 occasion
                 to
                 bring
                 their
                 Armies
                 into
                 several
                 Countries
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 perfect
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 two
                 chief
                 Reasons
                 which
                 detain
                 our
                 Spanish
                 Nobility
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 are
                 first
                 ,
                 because
                 Spain
                 being
                 almost
                 wholly
                 surrounded
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 inconvenient
                 Sailing
                 ,
                 than
                 Travelling
                 by
                 Land
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 a
                 vain
                 Conceit
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can't
                 appear
                 abroad
                 without
                 great
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 and
                 expensive
                 Equipage
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 though
                 Persons
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Quality
                 are
                 more
                 modest
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 sufficient
                 only
                 to
                 transplant
                 Youth
                 ,
                 but
                 Nurseries
                 should
                 be
                 also
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 vacant
                 Offices
                 may
                 be
                 supply'd
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 necessity
                 of
                 employing
                 fresh
                 Persons
                 ,
                 who
                 must
                 buy
                 their
                 Experience
                 at
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 the
                 State.
                 This
                 is
                 represented
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Device
                 by
                 a
                 bundle
                 of
                 Rods
                 ,
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Magistracy
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 being
                 planted
                 produce
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 in
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Forms
                 ,
                 that
                 's
                 to
                 say
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 Aristocracy
                 ,
                 and
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 the
                 methods
                 of
                 Government
                 are
                 different
                 ,
                 so
                 should
                 also
                 the
                 methods
                 of
                 Education
                 of
                 Youth
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 different
                 Institutions
                 and
                 Customs
                 of
                 each
                 State
                 ;
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 those
                 things
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 most
                 occasion
                 for
                 able
                 Men.
                 The
                 
                   Persians
                   ,
                   Aegyptians
                   ,
                   Chaldaeans
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Romans
                 were
                 particularly
                 careful
                 about
                 this
                 ;
                 but
                 principally
                 about
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 Youth
                 for
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 the
                 Welfare
                 or
                 Ruine
                 of
                 States
                 ,
                 depending
                 upon
                 the
                 Capacity
                 ,
                 or
                 insufficiency
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 their
                 Soul
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Affections
                 of
                 it
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 is
                 govern'd
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 several
                 Colleges
                 erected
                 in
                 Spain
                 for
                 this
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 so
                 many
                 Seminaries
                 of
                 able
                 Men
                 for
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ;
                 these
                 though
                 their
                 Institutions
                 might
                 seem
                 vain
                 and
                 frivolous
                 ,
                 yet
                 were
                 they
                 of
                 great
                 Use
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 first
                 taught
                 those
                 to
                 obey
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 afterwards
                 to
                 command
                 .
              
               
               
                 I
                 have
                 elsewhere
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 Sciences
                 was
                 a
                 necessary
                 Qualification
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 now
                 examine
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 proper
                 for
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 the
                 young
                 Commonalty
                 should
                 be
                 instructed
                 therein
                 .
                 Nature
                 has
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 the
                 Command
                 over
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 ,
                 the
                 Understanding
                 to
                 apprehend
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Memory
                 to
                 retain
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 the
                 Hands
                 and
                 other
                 parts
                 she
                 has
                 given
                 only
                 a
                 Disposition
                 to
                 Obedience
                 .
                 Men
                 at
                 first
                 enter'd
                 into
                 Society
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 mutual
                 Assistance
                 of
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 not
                 for
                 Contemplation
                 ;
                 more
                 for
                 the
                 conveniency
                 of
                 Action
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Subtilty
                 of
                 nice
                 Speculation
                 :
                 The
                 Happiness
                 of
                 Governments
                 proceeds
                 not
                 from
                 the
                 Vivacity
                 of
                 the
                 Wit
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Activity
                 of
                 the
                 Hands
                 .
                 The
                 leisure
                 of
                 Studies
                 is
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 Vices
                 ,
                 and
                 Eternizes
                 all
                 those
                 upon
                 Paper
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 wickedness
                 of
                 the
                 Times
                 shall
                 invent
                 ;
                 plotting
                 against
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 raising
                 Seditions
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 The
                 Spartans
                 thought
                 it
                 sufficient
                 to
                 learn
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 Patience
                 ,
                 and
                 Conquest
                 1
                 .
                 Too
                 subtil
                 and
                 learn'd
                 Subjects
                 are
                 always
                 fond
                 of
                 Novelty
                 ,
                 continually
                 reflecting
                 upon
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 disputing
                 the
                 Princes
                 Orders
                 ,
                 and
                 raising
                 Commotions
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 Obedience
                 should
                 be
                 prompt
                 not
                 ingenious
                 ,
                 sincere
                 not
                 cunning
                 2
                 .
                 Ignorance
                 is
                 the
                 principal
                 Foundation
                 of
                 the
                 Turkish
                 Empire
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 readiest
                 way
                 to
                 Ruin
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 sow
                 Literature
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 The
                 Happiness
                 and
                 Tranquility
                 of
                 the
                 Swisse
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 Cause
                 ,
                 for
                 frivolous
                 Sophistry
                 is
                 forbid
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 they
                 govern'd
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 Policy
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 as
                 any
                 Nation
                 whatever
                 .
                 Study
                 enervates
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 deba●es
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 giving
                 it
                 too
                 quick
                 an
                 apprehension
                 of
                 Danger
                 .
                 Most
                 Men
                 are
                 charm'd
                 by
                 the
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 Honour
                 ,
                 or
                 Profit
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 few
                 would
                 apply
                 themselves
                 to
                 Arms
                 ,
                 or
                 Military
                 Exercise
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 whose
                 Interest
                 is
                 in
                 having
                 its
                 People
                 Valiant
                 ,
                 rather
                 rather
                 than
                 Learned
                 .
                 The
                 
                 Genteel
                 Politeness
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 makes
                 the
                 Mind
                 wholly
                 averse
                 to
                 all
                 laborious
                 Exercises
                 .
                 Study
                 makes
                 Men
                 melancholy
                 ,
                 and
                 Lovers
                 of
                 a
                 retired
                 and
                 single
                 Life
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 wholly
                 opposite
                 to
                 the
                 Design
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 multiply
                 ,
                 and
                 raise
                 Men
                 fit
                 and
                 capable
                 of
                 publick
                 Imployments
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 Act
                 offensively
                 ,
                 or
                 defensively
                 with
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
                 The
                 Neatherlands
                 shew
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 Learning
                 and
                 Ingenuity
                 ,
                 but
                 Arts
                 ,
                 Industry
                 and
                 Trade
                 ,
                 that
                 makes
                 a
                 Nation
                 flourish
                 .
                 The
                 Germans
                 and
                 other
                 Nations
                 consider'd
                 these
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 founded
                 their
                 Nobility
                 upon
                 Arms
                 ,
                 not
                 regarding
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 Learning
                 ;
                 whence
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Nobility
                 apply'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 Arts
                 Military
                 .
                 Though
                 Literature
                 conduces
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 true
                 Religion
                 ,
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 thence
                 arise
                 different
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 which
                 create
                 as
                 many
                 Sects
                 ,
                 whence
                 proceed
                 the
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Ruin
                 of
                 Empires
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 true
                 Religion
                 being
                 now
                 found
                 ,
                 a
                 sincere
                 and
                 credulous
                 Ignorance
                 would
                 be
                 much
                 safer
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 presumptuous
                 and
                 conceited
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 expos'd
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 Errours
                 .
                 These
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Reasons
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 alledg'd
                 ,
                 seem
                 to
                 advise
                 an
                 utter
                 Extirpation
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 which
                 regard
                 more
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 ;
                 but
                 these
                 are
                 Maxims
                 of
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 just
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 Object
                 than
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Welfare
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ;
                 to
                 whom
                 Learning
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 to
                 confute
                 the
                 Errours
                 of
                 Sectaries
                 ,
                 which
                 always
                 flourish
                 where
                 Ignorance
                 Reigns
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 to
                 administer
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 preserve
                 and
                 improve
                 Arts
                 Military
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Civil
                 .
                 For
                 Scholars
                 are
                 as
                 useful
                 in
                 defending
                 Cities
                 as
                 Souldiers
                 ;
                 as
                 Syracuse
                 formerly
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 Archimedes
                 :
                 And
                 Dole
                 in
                 its
                 learn'd
                 Senate
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 prudent
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 ingenious
                 Machines
                 ,
                 and
                 vigorous
                 and
                 resolute
                 Defence
                 ,
                 it
                 resisted
                 the
                 whole
                 Power
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 changing
                 their
                 Libraries
                 into
                 Magazines
                 ,
                 their
                 Gowns
                 into
                 Coats
                 of
                 Mail
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Pens
                 into
                 Swords
                 ,
                 which
                 dip'd
                 in
                 French
                 Blood
                 ,
                 recorded
                 their
                 Names
                 and
                 Actions
                 to
                 Eternity
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 only
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 
                 number
                 of
                 Universities
                 and
                 Students
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 as
                 Spain
                 found
                 ,
                 whence
                 't
                 is
                 highly
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 number
                 should
                 apply
                 themselves
                 to
                 Arts
                 of
                 Navigation
                 and
                 War
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 Law
                 or
                 Speculative
                 Sciences
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 greater
                 Incouragement
                 given
                 to
                 those
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 Men
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 inclined
                 to
                 follow
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 such
                 Incouragement
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 apply
                 themselves
                 to
                 Learning
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 wants
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 This
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 remedied
                 by
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Prudence
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 so
                 judiciously
                 dispose
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 Youth
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Scholars
                 ,
                 Souldiers
                 and
                 Tradesmen
                 might
                 be
                 proportioned
                 to
                 his
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Proportion
                 should
                 be
                 observ'd
                 in
                 those
                 who
                 would
                 lead
                 a
                 religious
                 Monastick
                 Life
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 number
                 is
                 very
                 prejudicial
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 State.
                 Though
                 Religion
                 and
                 Piety
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 measur'd
                 by
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 Militant
                 ,
                 Spiritual
                 Arms
                 are
                 of
                 more
                 use
                 than
                 Temporal
                 ,
                 he
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Founder
                 of
                 that
                 State
                 ,
                 will
                 maintain
                 and
                 preserve
                 it
                 without
                 Detriment
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 ;
                 nevertheless
                 since
                 human
                 Prudence
                 ought
                 to
                 believe
                 ,
                 not
                 expect
                 Miracles
                 ,
                 I
                 leave
                 it
                 to
                 him
                 whose
                 Duty
                 't
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 whether
                 if
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Ecclesiasticks
                 ,
                 and
                 religious
                 Orders
                 should
                 exceed
                 the
                 Laity
                 which
                 should
                 support
                 'em
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 of
                 great
                 Detriment
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Church
                 it self
                 The
                 Council
                 of
                 Lateran
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Innocent
                 III.
                 provided
                 a
                 Remedy
                 for
                 this
                 Inconveniency
                 ,
                 by
                 prohibiting
                 the
                 Introduction
                 of
                 new
                 Religions
                 3
                 .
                 The
                 Royal
                 Counsel
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 also
                 perswaded
                 his
                 Majesty
                 to
                 request
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 none
                 admitted
                 into
                 any
                 Convent
                 under
                 the
                 Age
                 of
                 sixteen
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 be
                 ordain'd
                 under
                 twenty
                 ;
                 but
                 pretended
                 Piety
                 and
                 nice
                 Scruples
                 of
                 Conscience
                 ,
                 easily
                 pass
                 over
                 these
                 Inconveniencies
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 this
                 Proportion
                 in
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 design'd
                 for
                 Business
                 or
                 Speculation
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 small
                 use
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 Prince
                 also
                 take
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 Nurseries
                 of
                 the
                 Commonalty
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 produce
                 a
                 sufficient
                 number
                 of
                 well
                 qualified
                 Citizens
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 those
                 whom
                 Death
                 daily
                 takes
                 off
                 .
                 The
                 Ancients
                 were
                 always
                 very
                 careful
                 of
                 Propagation
                 ,
                 that
                 each
                 Individual
                 might
                 be
                 succeeded
                 by
                 another
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 necessity
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 in
                 particular
                 were
                 so
                 well
                 satisfied
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 proposed
                 Rewards
                 for
                 Procreation
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 looked
                 upon
                 a
                 single
                 Life
                 as
                 infamous
                 .
                 Germanicus
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 oblige
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 revenge
                 his
                 Death
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Services
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 he
                 urg'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 six
                 Children
                 by
                 his
                 Wise
                 4
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 also
                 told
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 good
                 Omen
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 that
                 
                 Drusus's
                 Wife
                 ,
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Bed
                 of
                 Twins
                 5
                 .
                 The
                 Strength
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 Prince
                 whose
                 State
                 is
                 most
                 populous
                 ,
                 not
                 he
                 whose
                 Territories
                 are
                 largest
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 of
                 themselves
                 can
                 neither
                 defend
                 nor
                 offend
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 their
                 Inhabitants●
                 ,
                 on
                 whom
                 all
                 their
                 Glory
                 depends
                 .
                 The
                 Emperour
                 Adrian
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   had
                   rather
                   his
                   Empire
                   should
                   ab●und
                   with
                   Men
                   than
                   Riches
                
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 for
                 Riches
                 without
                 Subjects
                 do
                 only
                 invite
                 Wars
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 Subjects
                 without
                 Riches
                 ,
                 want
                 neither
                 Power
                 to
                 acquire
                 ,
                 or
                 maintain
                 them
                 6
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 People
                 is
                 the
                 King's
                 Honour
                 :
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 Wise
                 Alphonso
                 would
                 have
                 a
                 Prince
                 take
                 particular
                 care
                 to
                 People
                 his
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 with
                 Commonalty
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 with
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 judg'd
                 with
                 great
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 for
                 one
                 without
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 Body
                 without
                 a
                 Soul
                 ,
                 the
                 Commonalty
                 being
                 insignificant
                 without
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 are
                 their
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 whose
                 Example
                 they
                 learn
                 to
                 covet
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 despise
                 Danger
                 .
                 It
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Prince's
                 chief
                 Care
                 ,
                 to
                 preserve
                 and
                 maintain
                 them
                 .
                 As
                 Augustus
                 did
                 ,
                 who
                 not
                 only
                 caus'd
                 Hortalus
                 to
                 marry
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 allowed
                 wherewithall
                 to
                 his
                 Quality
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 Noble
                 Family
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 extinct
                 8
                 .
                 The
                 Germans
                 are
                 very
                 circumspect
                 in
                 this
                 Point
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 they
                 anciently
                 gave
                 no
                 Portion
                 with
                 their
                 Women
                 9
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 now
                 give
                 very
                 small
                 ones
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Vertue
                 and
                 Nobility
                 might
                 be
                 their
                 only
                 Dowry
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 Lovers
                 might
                 respect
                 the
                 Endowments
                 of
                 their
                 Minds
                 and
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 their
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 that
                 Marriages
                 might
                 be
                 sooner
                 concluded
                 ,
                 without
                 losing
                 so
                 much
                 time
                 in
                 Fortune-Hunting
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 Lycurgus
                 wholly
                 prohibited
                 the
                 giving
                 Dowries
                 to
                 Women
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Charles
                 V.
                 regulated
                 them
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 Aristotle
                 reprehended
                 the
                 La●edaemonians
                 ,
                 for
                 giving
                 such
                 large
                 Fortunes
                 to
                 their
                 Daughters
                 10
                 .
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 also
                 advises
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Prince
                 unless
                 upon
                 extraordinary
                 occasions
                 should
                 not
                 People
                 his
                 State
                 with
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 and
                 truly
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 for
                 different
                 Manners
                 and
                 Religions
                 are
                 the
                 worst
                 Domestick
                 Enemies
                 .
                 This
                 made
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 drive
                 the
                 Iews
                 and
                 Moors
                 out
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
                 Foreigners
                 introduce
                 with
                 them
                 their
                 Vices
                 ,
                 and
                 Errours
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 ready
                 upon
                 every
                 occasion
                 to
                 rise
                 against
                 the
                 Natives
                 11
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Inconveniency
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 fear'd
                 ,
                 if
                 only
                 Labourers
                 and
                 Husbandmen
                 were
                 admitted
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 sometimes
                 of
                 great
                 Advantage
                 .
                 So
                 the
                 Grand
                 Signior
                 Selim
                 sent
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Labourers
                 from
                 Cairo
                 to
                 Constantinople
                 .
                 The
                 Poles
                 having
                 Elected
                 Henry
                 Duke
                 of
                 Anjou
                 King
                 ,
                 among
                 other
                 Articles
                 't
                 was
                 agreed
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 bring
                 with
                 him
                 several
                 Families
                 of
                 Artificers
                 .
                 Nebuchadnezzar
                 upon
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Ierusalem
                 ,
                 carried
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 
                 
                   Men
                   of
                   might
                   even
                   seven
                   thousand
                   ,
                   and
                   Crafts
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   Smiths
                   a
                   thousand
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   that
                   were
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   kept
                   for
                   War
                   ,
                   even
                   them
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   Babylon
                   brought
                
                 Captive
                 to
                 Babylon
                 12
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 this
                 method
                 may
                 be
                 too
                 troublesome
                 and
                 chargeable
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 because
                 such
                 a
                 Supply
                 may
                 be
                 insufficient
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 here
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 usual
                 Causes
                 of
                 want
                 of
                 People
                 in
                 Nations
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 either
                 internal
                 or
                 external
                 ;
                 External
                 are
                 Wars
                 and
                 Plantations
                 ;
                 War
                 is
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Monster
                 which
                 feeds
                 on
                 humane
                 Blood
                 ;
                 and
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 each
                 State
                 to
                 maintain
                 it
                 abroad
                 as
                 the
                 Romans
                 did
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 necessarily
                 be
                 done
                 at
                 the
                 Expence
                 of
                 the
                 Lives
                 and
                 Estates
                 of
                 the
                 Subjects
                 13
                 .
                 Neither
                 can
                 Plantations
                 be
                 long
                 ma●ntain'd
                 ,
                 without
                 great
                 Suppl●es
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 found
                 in
                 Spain
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 the
                 Romans
                 during
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 some
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 took
                 little
                 Care
                 of
                 planting
                 new
                 Colonies
                 14
                 ;
                 they
                 having
                 more
                 reason
                 to
                 recruit
                 than
                 weaken
                 their
                 Forces
                 .
                 
                   Velleius
                   Paterculus
                
                 esteem'd
                 the
                 planting
                 Colonies
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 as
                 very
                 pernicious
                 ,
                 because
                 being
                 so
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 ●ot
                 assist
                 it
                 upon
                 occasion
                 15
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 Causes
                 are
                 Internal
                 .
                 The
                 principal
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 want
                 of
                 Husbandry
                 and
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Holy
                 Days
                 ,
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 and
                 Remedies
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 set
                 down
                 elsewhere
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Court
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 great
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 for
                 as
                 a
                 hot
                 Liver
                 draws
                 all
                 the
                 natural
                 Heat
                 to
                 it self
                 ,
                 leaving
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 spiritless
                 and
                 faint
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 Ease
                 ,
                 Delight
                 ,
                 Profit
                 ,
                 and
                 hopes
                 of
                 Reward
                 at
                 Court
                 ,
                 allure
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 most
                 ,
                 especially
                 of
                 the
                 Artificers
                 and
                 Tradesmen
                 ,
                 who
                 think
                 it
                 a
                 more
                 pleasant
                 and
                 easie
                 
                 Life
                 to
                 serve
                 some
                 Person
                 of
                 Quality
                 ;
                 than
                 to
                 toil
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Trade
                 ;
                 the
                 Nobility
                 also
                 ,
                 invited
                 by
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Presence
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Charms
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 ,
                 leave
                 their
                 Estates
                 in
                 the
                 Countrey
                 for
                 a
                 Court
                 Life
                 ;
                 whence
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 spending
                 their
                 Revenu●s
                 upon
                 extravagant
                 and
                 unnecessary
                 Expences
                 ,
                 their
                 Estates
                 become
                 poo●
                 and
                 uninhabited
                 ,
                 whereas
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 rich
                 and
                 populous
                 ,
                 had
                 their
                 Lord
                 resided
                 there
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Iusti●●n
                 prudently
                 reflected
                 upon
                 these
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 an
                 Officer
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 prevent
                 them
                 16
                 .
                 King
                 Iohn
                 II.
                 also
                 order'd
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Nobility
                 at
                 his
                 Court
                 should
                 at
                 certain
                 times
                 ,
                 visit
                 their
                 own
                 Estates
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Trojan
                 did
                 before
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Birth-right
                 also
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 Spain
                 is
                 very
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 Propagation
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 eldest
                 Brother
                 Claims
                 the
                 whole
                 Estate
                 (
                 which
                 King
                 Theodorick
                 thought
                 very
                 unjust
                 )
                 17
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 youngest
                 not
                 having
                 wherewithal
                 to
                 maintain
                 a
                 Family
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 marrying
                 ,
                 either
                 shut
                 themselves
                 into
                 Convents
                 ,
                 or
                 turn
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 Plato
                 call'd
                 Riches
                 and
                 Poverty
                 ,
                 the
                 ancient
                 Plagues
                 of
                 Commonwealths
                 ,
                 knowing
                 that
                 almost
                 all
                 their
                 misfortunes
                 proceeded
                 from
                 an
                 unequal
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Riches
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Citizens
                 had
                 all
                 an
                 equal
                 Dividend
                 ,
                 State
                 would
                 undoubtedly
                 flourish
                 more
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 the
                 advantage
                 redounding
                 from
                 hence
                 wou●d
                 be
                 great
                 ,
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 Fie●●
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 less
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 Capacity
                 to
                 serve
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 State
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 those
                 may
                 be
                 allowed
                 to
                 the
                 ancient
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 modern
                 ,
                 by
                 making
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Relations
                 to
                 the
                 fourth
                 Degree
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 joynt
                 Heirs
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 yet
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Estate
                 18
                 ;
                 thus
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 of
                 Legacies
                 
                 and
                 Gifts
                 would
                 be
                 prevented
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 more
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 Vanity
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 serve
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 that
                 religious
                 Prodigality
                 ,
                 which
                 observing
                 neither
                 Bounds
                 ,
                 nor
                 Proximity
                 of
                 Blood
                 ,
                 gives
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 not
                 leaving
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 Subsistence
                 to
                 Brethren
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Relations
                 ,
                 whence
                 Families
                 become
                 Extinct
                 ,
                 the
                 Royal
                 Revenues
                 are
                 exhausted
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 impoverish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 unable
                 to
                 pay
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 exempted
                 is
                 increased
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 diminished
                 .
                 This
                 Moses
                 considering
                 19
                 forbid
                 by
                 Edict
                 ,
                 any
                 one
                 from
                 offering
                 any
                 more
                 towards
                 the
                 Work
                 of
                 the
                 Sanctuary
                 20
                 ,
                 though
                 God
                 himself
                 was
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 those
                 Offerings
                 ,
                 and
                 th●y
                 were
                 offer'd
                 through
                 pure
                 Devotion
                 ▪
                 21
                 ;
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 ●e●ice
                 have
                 made
                 very
                 prudent
                 Provisions
                 against
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 necessary
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 fit
                 time
                 should
                 be
                 observed
                 in
                 Marriages
                 :
                 for
                 if
                 too
                 late
                 the
                 Succession
                 is
                 endanger'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Government
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 much
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Incontinency
                 of
                 Youth
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 soon
                 the
                 Children
                 being
                 almost
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Age
                 with
                 their
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 would
                 soon
                 forget
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 grudge
                 'em
                 the
                 time
                 they
                 live
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXVII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Policy
                 of
                 our
                 Times
                 presupposes
                 Malice
                 and
                 Fraud
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 arms
                 it self
                 with
                 greater
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Justice
                 or
                 Honour
                 .
                 It
                 thinks
                 nothing
                 disallowable
                 that
                 is
                 advantageous
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 these
                 Practices
                 are
                 now
                 common
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 need
                 justle
                 and
                 confound
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Detriment
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Tranquility
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 obtaining
                 their
                 propos'd
                 Ends.
                 But
                 let
                 a
                 Prince
                 cautiously
                 avoid
                 such
                 Doctrine
                 ,
                 and
                 learn
                 rather
                 of
                 Nature
                 the
                 Mistress
                 of
                 true
                 Policy
                 ,
                 without
                 Malice
                 ,
                 Fraud
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 ill
                 Practice
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 none
                 so
                 certain
                 ,
                 firm
                 and
                 solid
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 she
                 
                 observes
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 of
                 Vegetables
                 and
                 Animals
                 ,
                 more
                 especially
                 that
                 which
                 she
                 dictates
                 to
                 every
                 Man
                 by
                 his
                 Reason
                 .
                 Particularly
                 to
                 Shepherds
                 and
                 Husbandmen
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 Flocks
                 ,
                 and
                 improvement
                 of
                 their
                 Ground
                 :
                 Hence
                 may
                 be
                 't
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Kings
                 who
                 have
                 been
                 chosen
                 from
                 the
                 Crook
                 or
                 the
                 Plow
                 ,
                 have
                 made
                 the
                 best
                 Governours
                 .
                 Though
                 the
                 Shepherd
                 (
                 whose
                 Office
                 is
                 almost
                 the
                 same
                 of
                 a
                 Prince's
                 )
                 1
                 enjoys
                 the
                 Benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Wool
                 and
                 the
                 Milk
                 of
                 his
                 Flock
                 ,
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 with
                 such
                 moderation
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 neither
                 draws
                 Blood
                 from
                 their
                 Duggs
                 ,
                 nor
                 shears
                 their
                 Skin
                 so
                 close
                 as
                 to
                 leave
                 'em
                 wholly
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Inconveniences
                 of
                 cold
                 and
                 heat
                 .
                 So
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 says
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 )
                 
                   ought
                   more
                   to
                   value
                   the
                   common
                   Good
                   of
                   his
                   People
                   ,
                   than
                   his
                   own
                   particular
                   Interest
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   common
                   Good
                   and
                   Riches
                   of
                   his
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   are
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   his
                   own
                
                 *
                 .
                 The
                 Husbandman
                 cuts
                 not
                 down
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Domestick
                 occasions
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 Lops
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 neither
                 ,
                 but
                 leaves
                 enough
                 to
                 sprout
                 out
                 and
                 serve
                 his
                 Occasions
                 the
                 next
                 Year
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Farmer
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 careful
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 for
                 making
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Farm
                 while
                 his
                 Lease
                 continues
                 ,
                 not
                 caring
                 how
                 much
                 he
                 impoverishes
                 his
                 Ground
                 for
                 his
                 Landlord
                 2
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 difference
                 between
                 a
                 lawful
                 Prince
                 and
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Impositions
                 .
                 This
                 having
                 an
                 unjust
                 Title
                 ,
                 and
                 fearing
                 soon
                 to
                 be
                 dethron'd
                 ,
                 makes
                 the
                 best
                 use
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 stocking
                 up
                 all
                 by
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 fleaing
                 instead
                 of
                 shearing
                 his
                 Flock
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 feeding
                 them
                 he
                 gluts
                 himself
                 ,
                 3
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 defending
                 them
                 ,
                 leaves
                 them
                 a
                 naked
                 Prey
                 to
                 every
                 Wolf
                 4
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 just
                 and
                 lawful
                 Prince
                 in
                 imposing
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 considers
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 the
                 Cause
                 ,
                 the
                 Quantity
                 ,
                 Quality
                 ,
                 and
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 Proportions
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 Estates
                 and
                 Persons
                 ,
                 treating
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 not
                 as
                 a
                 Body
                 which
                 
                 is
                 to
                 die
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 remain
                 to
                 his
                 Posterity
                 ;
                 knowing
                 that
                 though
                 Princes
                 are
                 Mortal
                 ,
                 States
                 are
                 Eternal
                 ,
                 5
                 and
                 since
                 he
                 expects
                 a
                 new
                 Crop
                 from
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 every
                 Year
                 ,
                 he
                 preserves
                 it
                 carefully
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 best
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 may
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 upon
                 urgent
                 Occasions
                 :
                 for
                 as
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 said
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Laws
                 ,
                 borrowing
                 his
                 Thought
                 from
                 a
                 Precept
                 of
                 Aristotle
                 to
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 :
                 
                   The
                   best
                   and
                   most
                   lasting
                   Treasure
                   of
                   a
                   King
                   ,
                   is
                   his
                   People
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   well
                   defended
                   ;
                   according
                   to
                   a
                   saying
                   of
                   the
                   Emperor
                   Iustinian
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   was
                   always
                   rich
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Exchequer
                   full
                   when
                   the
                   Subjects
                   were
                   wealthy
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Land
                   plentiful
                   *
                   .
                
              
               
                 When
                 therefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 raises
                 Taxes
                 with
                 this
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ought
                 chearfully
                 to
                 pay
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 they
                 without
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Rebellion
                 refuse
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 Sovereignty
                 has
                 no
                 other
                 Portion
                 ,
                 nor
                 publick
                 necessity
                 any
                 other
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Peace
                 without
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 no
                 Soldier
                 without
                 Pay
                 ,
                 no
                 Pay
                 without
                 Taxes
                 6
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 when
                 Nero
                 would
                 have
                 remitted
                 the
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 them
                 the
                 Empire
                 would
                 be
                 ruin'd
                 7
                 .
                 Taxes
                 are
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Peace
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 too
                 heavy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 not
                 well
                 satisfied
                 of
                 their
                 necessity
                 ,
                 they
                 soon
                 rebel
                 against
                 their
                 Prince
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 for
                 no
                 other
                 Reason
                 that
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 Sirnamed
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 grew
                 so
                 odious
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 many
                 Troubles
                 and
                 Vexations
                 he
                 was
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 quit
                 his
                 Crown
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 also
                 Garcios
                 King
                 of
                 Galicia
                 lost
                 both
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 and
                 Life
                 too
                 †
                 .
                 K.
                 Henry
                 III.
                 consider'd
                 this
                 Danger
                 ,
                 when
                 being
                 advised
                 by
                 some
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 new
                 Taxes
                 to
                 defray
                 the
                 Expence
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   fear
                
                 the
                 Discontent
                 of
                 my
                 People
                 more
                 than
                 my
                 Enemies
                 .
                 
                 Money
                 collected
                 from
                 unjust
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 is
                 mingled
                 with
                 the
                 Subjects
                 Blood
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 seen
                 to
                 drop
                 from
                 that
                 piece
                 which
                 St.
                 Francis
                 of
                 Padua
                 broke
                 in
                 the
                 Presence
                 of
                 Ferdinand
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 ever
                 crys
                 for
                 Vengeance
                 against
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
              
               
                 Great
                 Taxes
                 therefore
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 rais'd
                 till
                 the
                 People
                 be
                 well
                 convinced
                 of
                 the
                 Necessity
                 o●
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 satisfied
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 the
                 Cause
                 ,
                 they
                 patiently
                 bear
                 the
                 heaviest
                 Impositions
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 those
                 which
                 were
                 rais'd
                 by
                 K.
                 Ferdinand
                 IVth
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Grant
                 which
                 the
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 of
                 Toledo
                 made
                 of
                 a
                 Million
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 times
                 of
                 Henry
                 III.
                 permitting
                 him
                 also
                 to
                 raise
                 more
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Wars
                 against
                 the
                 Moors
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 for
                 private
                 Persons
                 to
                 examine
                 into
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 cannot
                 often
                 apprehend
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 Expences
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 they
                 be
                 communicated
                 to
                 them
                 without
                 evident
                 Danger
                 8
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 there
                 some
                 general
                 Reasons
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 without
                 Damage
                 be
                 inform'd
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 Natural
                 and
                 Divine
                 Reason
                 do
                 allow
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 levying
                 Impositions
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 Subjects
                 Consent
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 just
                 and
                 necessary
                 (
                 as
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 )
                 yet
                 will
                 a
                 prudent
                 Prince
                 so
                 manage
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 dispose
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 with
                 their
                 Approbation
                 ;
                 Taxes
                 are
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Scripture
                 )
                 the
                 Bridle
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 9
                 ;
                 they
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 and
                 uphold
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Authority
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 are
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 Taxes
                 are
                 ungovernable
                 ;
                 yet
                 this
                 Bridle
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 easie
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 gall
                 them
                 too
                 much
                 ;
                 as
                 King
                 
                   Flavius
                   Herwegi●s
                
                 prudently
                 consider'd
                 in
                 the
                 Thirteenth
                 Council
                 of
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 That
                 that
                 Government
                 was
                 best
                 which
                 neither
                 oppress'd
                 the
                 People
                 with
                 too
                 
                 great
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 nor
                 made
                 them
                 remiss
                 and
                 negligent
                 by
                 too
                 little
                 *
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Command
                 which
                 Princes
                 have
                 over
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 is
                 executed
                 without
                 Danger
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 done
                 by
                 Law
                 ,
                 which
                 punishes
                 some
                 as
                 Examples
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 so
                 that
                 Command
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 over
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 comprehend●
                 all
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 and
                 People
                 are
                 more
                 sensible
                 in
                 what
                 concerns
                 their
                 Estates
                 than
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 especially
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 got
                 by
                 Sweat
                 and
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 imployed
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Luxury
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 that
                 remarkable
                 Action
                 of
                 K.
                 David
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 refus'd
                 to
                 drink
                 the
                 water
                 which
                 his
                 three
                 Soldiers
                 brought
                 him
                 from
                 amidst
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 seem
                 to
                 drink
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 those
                 Men
                 10
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 no
                 good
                 Policy
                 to
                 impoverish
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 Taxes
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 for
                 though
                 Poverty
                 ,
                 whether
                 Original
                 or
                 Accidental
                 ,
                 debases
                 our
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 always
                 rise
                 and
                 fall
                 with
                 our
                 Condition
                 ;
                 yet
                 does
                 Oppression
                 provoke
                 our
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 urge
                 us
                 to
                 Rebellion
                 11
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Israelites
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Distress
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 Debt
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 discontented
                 joyn'd
                 David
                 against
                 Saul
                 12
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 are
                 always
                 most
                 obedient
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 richest
                 .
                 The
                 plenty
                 of
                 Egypt
                 made
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 though
                 very
                 severely
                 us'd
                 ,
                 forget
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 want
                 in
                 the
                 Wilderness
                 ,
                 they
                 complain'd
                 heavily
                 of
                 their
                 Slavery
                 and
                 Bondage
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 given
                 upon
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Taxes
                 shall
                 be
                 levy'd
                 without
                 its
                 Consent
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 this
                 be
                 afterwards
                 provided
                 by
                 some
                 general
                 Decree
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 Madrid
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 XIth
                 .
                 or
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 acquired
                 this
                 Privilege
                 
                 by
                 long
                 Prescription
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 France
                 ;
                 in
                 such
                 Cases
                 the
                 Prince
                 must
                 wait
                 the
                 Consent
                 of
                 the
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 least
                 he
                 should
                 expose
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Danger
                 ,
                 as
                 Charles
                 VIIth
                 .
                 of
                 France
                 did
                 formerly
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 certain
                 Tax
                 without
                 communicating
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 Council
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 also
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 well
                 es●eem'd
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 their
                 Opinion
                 of
                 his
                 Zeal
                 for
                 their
                 Good
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 think
                 whatever
                 Taxes
                 he
                 imposes
                 upon
                 them
                 are
                 just
                 and
                 reasonable
                 ,
                 and
                 blindly
                 agree
                 to
                 whatever
                 he
                 proposes
                 ,
                 committing
                 themselves
                 wholly
                 to
                 his
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Management
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 did
                 to
                 
                 Ioseph's
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 exacted
                 the
                 fifth
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Estates
                 13
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 People
                 have
                 once
                 this
                 Confidence
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 diligently
                 to
                 take
                 Care
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 burthen
                 them
                 without
                 sufficient
                 Cause
                 ,
                 and
                 mature
                 Deliberation
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 necessity
                 does
                 require
                 it
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 at
                 least
                 take
                 Care
                 that
                 the
                 Taxes
                 be
                 well
                 expended
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 take
                 nothing
                 more
                 hainously
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 see
                 no
                 advantage
                 from
                 their
                 Oppressions
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 see
                 their
                 Estates
                 squander'd
                 away
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 also
                 very
                 uneasie
                 to
                 see
                 Taxes
                 continued
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Occasion
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 rais'd
                 is
                 over
                 .
                 As
                 't
                 was
                 in
                 
                 Vespasian's
                 time
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Taxes
                 rais'd
                 for
                 the
                 necessity
                 of
                 War
                 were
                 continued
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 14
                 .
                 For
                 afterwards
                 Subjects
                 dread
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 grudge
                 to
                 pay
                 them
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 small
                 ,
                 thinking
                 that
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 perpetual
                 .
                 Queen
                 Mary
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 her
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 preserv'd
                 their
                 Loyalty
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 difficult
                 times
                 ,
                 by
                 remitting
                 the
                 Excise
                 which
                 her
                 Husband
                 King
                 Sancho
                 IVth
                 .
                 had
                 laid
                 upon
                 Provisions
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 difficult
                 to
                 perswade
                 People
                 to
                 part
                 with
                 their
                 Money
                 to
                 maintain
                 a
                 foreign
                 War
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 they
                 easily
                 
                 apprehend
                 how
                 much
                 it
                 conduces
                 to
                 their
                 Interest
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 War
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 Doors
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain
                 it
                 in
                 foreign
                 States
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 much
                 safer
                 is
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 a
                 Shield
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Helmet
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 farther
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Head.
                 The
                 Purblind
                 Mobb
                 can
                 seldom
                 see
                 so
                 far
                 .
                 They
                 weigh
                 rather
                 the
                 present
                 Burthen
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 future
                 Benefit
                 ,
                 not
                 thinking
                 all
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 will
                 be
                 afterwards
                 too
                 little
                 to
                 make
                 good
                 the
                 Damage
                 they
                 have
                 suffer'd
                 by
                 their
                 obstinate
                 Negligence
                 15
                 .
                 It
                 requires
                 therefore
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Dexterity
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 know
                 their
                 Interest
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 raising
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 Care
                 ought
                 always
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 not
                 to
                 oppress
                 the
                 Nobility
                 :
                 for
                 Exemption
                 from
                 Taxes
                 being
                 the
                 chief
                 Distinction
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Commons
                 ,
                 they
                 can't
                 brook
                 to
                 see
                 themselves
                 degraded
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Privileges
                 violated
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 acquir'd
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Vertue
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 Reason
                 why
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Castile
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 Henry
                 III.
                 who
                 tax'd
                 'em
                 at
                 fi●e
                 Marvedees
                 of
                 Gold
                 apiece
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Neither
                 should
                 Taxes
                 be
                 laid
                 upon
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 are
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 for
                 Life
                 ;
                 but
                 rather
                 upon
                 Toys
                 ,
                 Curiosities
                 ,
                 Pride
                 and
                 Vanity
                 :
                 for
                 so
                 besides
                 correcting
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 fall
                 in
                 the
                 greatest
                 measure
                 upon
                 the
                 Rich
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 Encouragement
                 to
                 Husbandmen
                 and
                 Tradesmen
                 ,
                 which
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ought
                 most
                 to
                 be
                 cherished
                 and
                 supported
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 Romans
                 laid
                 great
                 Taxes
                 upon
                 the
                 Spices
                 ,
                 Pearls
                 and
                 Jewels
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 imported
                 from
                 Arabia
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Alexander
                   Severus
                
                 did
                 upon
                 those
                 Offices
                 which
                 tended
                 more
                 to
                 Debauchery
                 ,
                 than
                 Use
                 and
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 readiest
                 way
                 to
                 Reformation
                 ,
                 to
                 inhance
                 the
                 Price
                 of
                 Vanity
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 no
                 Taxes
                 paid
                 more
                 easily
                 than
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 laid
                 upon
                 Commodities
                 imported
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 paid
                 by
                 Foreigners
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 in
                 England
                 the
                 Royal
                 Revenue
                 is
                 very
                 prudently
                 raised
                 from
                 these
                 kind
                 of
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 it self
                 being
                 Exempt
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 greatest
                 Inconveniency
                 in
                 raising
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Excise
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Collectors
                 and
                 Receivers
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 often
                 more
                 burthensome
                 than
                 the
                 Taxes
                 themselves
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 that
                 the
                 Subjects
                 take
                 more
                 grievously
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 violence
                 and
                 importunity
                 of
                 these
                 sort
                 of
                 Men
                 in
                 collecting
                 their
                 Money
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 an
                 Observation
                 that
                 only
                 Sicily
                 endur'd
                 them
                 with
                 Patience
                 :
                 God
                 himself
                 complains
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Isaiah
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 oppress'd
                 his
                 People
                 16
                 .
                 In
                 Egypt
                 some
                 Prophet
                 was
                 always
                 President
                 of
                 the
                 Customs
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 safe
                 to
                 trust
                 'em
                 to
                 any
                 but
                 God's
                 immediate
                 Servant
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 they
                 are
                 committed
                 to
                 Pedlars
                 and
                 Broakers
                 ,
                 who
                 wreck
                 a
                 Ship
                 in
                 Port
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 escaped
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 Wind
                 and
                 Sea
                 17
                 ,
                 like
                 Robbers
                 plundering
                 Travellers
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Money
                 .
                 What
                 wonder
                 therefore
                 that
                 Trade
                 decays
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Riches
                 and
                 Merchandice
                 are
                 not
                 imported
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 expos'd
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 these
                 ,
                 who
                 plunder
                 'em
                 by
                 Authority
                 ,
                 what
                 Wonder
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 People
                 complain
                 of
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 if
                 for
                 one
                 Shilling
                 that
                 comes
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 ten
                 goes
                 to
                 the
                 Collectors
                 and
                 Receivers
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 Guadal●jara
                 ,
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 offer'd
                 to
                 raise
                 150000
                 Ducats
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 upon
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 themselves
                 should
                 keep
                 Books
                 of
                 the
                 Receipts
                 and
                 Disbursements
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 know
                 what
                 was
                 imployed
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 how
                 it
                 was
                 expended
                 ,
                 without
                 trusting
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 during
                 the
                 Kings
                 Minority
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 France
                 propos'd
                 to
                 King
                 Henry
                 II.
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 discharge
                 his
                 Collectors
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 themselves
                 pay
                 in
                 their
                 Assessments
                 ,
                 where-ever
                 he
                 should
                 Order
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 agreed
                 to
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Ministers
                 disswaded
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Castile
                 have
                 often
                 offer'd
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 to
                 pay
                 off
                 the
                 Crown
                 Debts
                 ;
                 but
                 't
                 was
                 judg'd
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 Diminution
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 Authority
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 instructed
                 and
                 tutor'd
                 by
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 Power
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 without
                 Danger
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 believe
                 the
                 true
                 Reason
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Court
                 was
                 unwilling
                 to
                 lose
                 so
                 many
                 beneficial
                 Offices
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 ready
                 means
                 of
                 getting
                 Money
                 .
                 A
                 Prince's
                 Credit
                 consists
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Administration
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Possession
                 of
                 Riches
                 .
                 The
                 Roman
                 State
                 was
                 not
                 less
                 careful
                 of
                 their
                 Authority
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 Reason
                 of
                 the
                 Trouble
                 and
                 Charge
                 of
                 Collecting
                 ,
                 it
                 order'd
                 each
                 Province
                 to
                 Collect
                 and
                 pay
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Taxes
                 ;
                 taking
                 Care
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Officers
                 in
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 oppress
                 the
                 People
                 through
                 Avarice
                 and
                 Extortion
                 ;
                 in
                 this
                 Tiberius
                 took
                 particular
                 Care
                 18
                 .
                 Modesty
                 in
                 the
                 Collecting
                 of
                 one
                 Tax
                 ,
                 obliges
                 the
                 People
                 more
                 readily
                 to
                 grant
                 others
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXVIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Ingenious
                 Greeks
                 included
                 in
                 certain
                 pretty
                 Fables
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 in
                 Hieroglyphicks
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 all
                 Natural
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 Moral
                 and
                 Politick
                 ;
                 either
                 to
                 hide
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 imprinted
                 in
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 by
                 these
                 pleasant
                 and
                 delightful
                 Fictions
                 .
                 So
                 ,
                 to
                 represent
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Riches
                 thereby
                 acquir'd
                 ,
                 they
                 feign'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Ship
                 Argo
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 durst
                 venture
                 upon
                 the
                 main
                 Ocean
                 )
                 obtained
                 the
                 famous
                 Fleece
                 ,
                 which
                 instead
                 of
                 Wool
                 ,
                 yielded
                 Gold
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 glorious
                 Exploit
                 it
                 was
                 consecrated
                 to
                 Pallas
                 ,
                 the
                 Goddess
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 placed
                 amongst
                 the
                 Constellations
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 such
                 dangerous
                 Voyages
                 :
                 shewing
                 
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Help
                 of
                 Oars
                 and
                 Sails
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 make
                 Way
                 through
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Waves
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Wind
                 ,
                 carry
                 Arms
                 and
                 Merchandise
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 .
                 This
                 Morality
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Preferment
                 of
                 that
                 Ship
                 to
                 the
                 Skies
                 ,
                 occasion'd
                 me
                 to
                 draw
                 two
                 in
                 this
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 Poles
                 of
                 the
                 Globe
                 Terrestrial
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 that
                 Navigation
                 is
                 the
                 Support
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 by
                 Commerce
                 and
                 Arms
                 :
                 These
                 Poles
                 are
                 Movable
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 their
                 Motion
                 consists
                 the
                 Stability
                 of
                 Empires
                 :
                 There
                 's
                 scarce
                 any
                 Monarchy
                 which
                 has
                 not
                 receiv'd
                 its
                 Rise
                 and
                 Preservation
                 from
                 thence
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 Spain
                 were
                 not
                 supported
                 by
                 both
                 those
                 Poles
                 ,
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 and
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 soon
                 fall
                 :
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 Provinces
                 so
                 distant
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 ,
                 were
                 it
                 not
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 ,
                 united
                 by
                 Oars
                 and
                 Sails
                 ,
                 and
                 timely
                 supplied
                 with
                 Recruits
                 for
                 its
                 Support
                 and
                 Defence
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 Ships
                 and
                 Gallies
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Sea-Bridge
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 and
                 Ferdinand
                 Duke
                 
                   d'
                   Alva
                
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 King
                 Philip
                 II.
                 to
                 maintain
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Sea.
                 King
                 Sisebutus
                 well
                 knew
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 kept
                 a
                 Fleet
                 upon
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Seas
                 .
                 Themistocles
                 gave
                 the
                 same
                 Adice
                 to
                 his
                 State
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 afterwards
                 to
                 conquer
                 the
                 World.
                 This
                 Element
                 begirts
                 and
                 conquers
                 the
                 Earth
                 :
                 In
                 it
                 Strength
                 and
                 Speed
                 are
                 united
                 ;
                 and
                 whoever
                 can
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 with
                 Valour
                 ,
                 has
                 the
                 World
                 at
                 command
                 .
                 Arms
                 at
                 Land
                 attack
                 and
                 terrifie
                 only
                 one
                 Nation
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 Sea
                 they
                 Alarm
                 the
                 whole
                 World.
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Circumspection
                 ,
                 or
                 Power
                 sufficient
                 by
                 Land
                 ,
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 Sea
                 which
                 has
                 civiliz'd
                 all
                 Nations
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 rude
                 and
                 barbarous
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 Navigation
                 and
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 taught
                 'em
                 to
                 know
                 one
                 another's
                 Languages
                 and
                 Customs
                 :
                 This
                 Antiquity
                 meant
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 feign'd
                 that
                 the
                 Rudder
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 Argo
                 spoke
                 ;
                 intimating
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Help
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 foreign
                 Languages
                 were
                 learn'd
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 Navigation
                 that
                 supplies
                 each
                 Nation
                 with
                 the
                 Goods
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 all
                 Nations
                 mutually
                 
                 furnishing
                 each
                 other
                 with
                 what
                 they
                 want
                 ;
                 which
                 Advantage
                 promotes
                 that
                 mutual
                 Love
                 and
                 Correspondence
                 between
                 Men
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 their
                 reciprocal
                 Assistance
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Marine
                 Power
                 is
                 more
                 necessary
                 for
                 some
                 Kingdoms
                 than
                 others
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Situation
                 and
                 Disposition
                 .
                 The
                 Asiatick
                 Monarchies
                 have
                 more
                 Occasion
                 for
                 a
                 Land
                 than
                 Sea
                 Force
                 .
                 Venice
                 and
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 one
                 lies
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 near
                 it
                 ,
                 being
                 utterly
                 unapt
                 for
                 Husbandry
                 and
                 Agriculture
                 ,
                 apply
                 themselves
                 wholly
                 to
                 Navigation
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 they
                 maintain'd
                 their
                 Power
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 Terrour
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 So
                 Spain
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 surrounded
                 with
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 must
                 establish
                 its
                 Power
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 would
                 aspire
                 to
                 Universal
                 Monarchy
                 .
                 The
                 Situation
                 of
                 its
                 Ports
                 is
                 very
                 commodious
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 Support
                 of
                 such
                 Force
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 hindring
                 the
                 Navigation
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 by
                 our
                 Trade
                 ,
                 get
                 Riches
                 and
                 Strength
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 us
                 afterwards
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 convenient
                 to
                 provide
                 sufficient
                 Security
                 for
                 Commerce
                 and
                 Traffick
                 ,
                 they
                 being
                 the
                 principal
                 Causes
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 they
                 turn
                 all
                 the
                 Ports
                 into
                 Magazines
                 and
                 Stores
                 ,
                 furnishing
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 making
                 it
                 flourish
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 Populous
                 .
                 These
                 and
                 other
                 Conveniences
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Ezekiel
                 intimated
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Allegory
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 which
                 belong'd
                 to
                 Sidon
                 (
                 a
                 City
                 
                   situate
                   at
                   the
                   Entry
                   of
                   the
                
                 1
                 Sea
                 ,
                 )
                 which
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Merchants
                 and
                 Mariners
                 2
                 .
                 
                   They
                   of
                   Persia
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Lud
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Phut
                   ,
                   were
                   in
                   its
                   Armies
                   ,
                   Men
                   of
                   War
                   :
                   they
                   hang'd
                   the
                   Shield
                   and
                   Helmet
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   they
                   set
                   forth
                   its
                   comeliness
                
                 3
                 .
                 
                   Tarshish
                   was
                   its
                   Merchant
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   multitude
                   of
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   Riches
                   ;
                   with
                   Silver
                   ,
                   Iron
                   ,
                   Tin
                   ,
                   and
                   Lead
                   ,
                   they
                   traded
                   in
                   its
                   Fairs
                
                 4
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 There
                 was
                 nothing
                 in
                 any
                 Nation
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 not
                 sold
                 in
                 its
                 Fairs
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 truly
                 called
                 
                   glorious
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   Seas
                
                 5
                 .
                 We
                 find
                 also
                 its
                 Prince
                 exalted
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   lifted
                   up
                   by
                   its
                   Traffick
                
                 6
                 .
                 The
                 Republicks
                 of
                 
                   Si●●
                   Nineveh
                   ,
                   Babylon
                   ,
                   Rome
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 flourish'd
                 bo●●
                 in
                 War
                 and
                 Peace
                 ,
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 they
                 maintain'd
                 the●●
                 Trade
                 and
                 Commerce
                 .
                 When
                 Venice
                 and
                 Genoa
                 fail'd
                 ●
                 Traffick
                 and
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 their
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Glory
                 soon
                 faded
                 .
                 Holland
                 ,
                 situate
                 upon
                 a
                 barren
                 Sand
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 capable
                 of
                 being
                 manur'd
                 by
                 either
                 Spade
                 or
                 Plow
                 supports
                 very
                 numerous
                 Armies
                 by
                 their
                 Trade
                 an●
                 Commerce
                 ;
                 and
                 maintains
                 such
                 populous
                 Cities
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 fertile
                 Plains
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 supply
                 .
                 
                 Fr●
                 ●●
                 has
                 neither
                 Mines
                 of
                 Silver
                 nor
                 Gold
                 ,
                 yet
                 does
                 it
                 enri●●
                 it self
                 by
                 its
                 Trade
                 in
                 several
                 kind
                 of
                 Toys
                 and
                 Guga●
                 in
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Lead
                 and
                 Tin
                 :
                 Whereas
                 we
                 ,
                 through
                 Laziness
                 ,
                 neglect
                 these
                 Riches
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Conveniency
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Sea
                 offers
                 us
                 .
                 We
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Toil
                 and
                 Danger
                 bring
                 Home
                 the
                 Treasures
                 of
                 both
                 the
                 Indies
                 ,
                 as
                 Diamond●
                 Pearls
                 ,
                 Spice
                 ,
                 &c.
                 without
                 proceeding
                 any
                 further
                 ;
                 where●as
                 other
                 Nations
                 reap
                 the
                 Benefit
                 of
                 this
                 our
                 Labour
                 ,
                 b●
                 transporting
                 them
                 into
                 all
                 the
                 Countries
                 of
                 
                   Europe
                   ,
                   Asia
                
                 and
                 Africa
                 .
                 We
                 support
                 the
                 Genouese
                 with
                 Gold
                 〈◊〉
                 Silver
                 to
                 trade
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 pay
                 'em
                 extravaga●
                 Prices
                 for
                 their
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 so
                 paying
                 Interest
                 for
                 o●
                 own
                 Money
                 .
                 We
                 furnish
                 other
                 Nations
                 with
                 Silk●
                 Wool
                 ,
                 Steel
                 ,
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Commodities
                 which
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 wrought
                 ,
                 are
                 brought
                 to
                 us
                 again
                 and
                 we
                 buy
                 them
                 at
                 a
                 prodigious
                 Rate
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 th●
                 Carriage
                 and
                 Workmanship
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 we
                 pay
                 very
                 de●
                 for
                 the
                 Ingenuity
                 and
                 Industry
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
                 Th●●
                 bring
                 us
                 trifling
                 ,
                 insignificant
                 Ware
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 hen●●
                 our
                 substantial
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 (
                 ●
                 King
                 Henry
                 II.
                 said
                 )
                 
                   That
                   Foreigners
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   〈◊〉
                   very
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   grow
                   Rich
                   and
                   Powerful
                   ,
                   while
                   our
                   own
                   〈◊〉
                   are
                   Impoverish'd
                   and
                   Beggar'd
                   .
                
                 This
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Tiber●●
                 formerly
                 complain'd
                 of
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 the
                 Extravagan●
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Ladies
                 in
                 Pearls
                 and
                 Jewels
                 7
                 .
                 Yo●
                 R.
                 H.
                 would
                 gain
                 Immortal
                 Honour
                 ,
                 in
                 Encouragi●
                 
                 and
                 Promoting
                 Trade
                 and
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Products
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 are
                 not
                 more
                 Natural
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Traffick
                 and
                 Commerce
                 .
                 The
                 Kings
                 of
                 Tyre
                 did
                 not
                 disdain
                 to
                 Trade
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Fleets
                 which
                 Solomon
                 sent
                 to
                 Tarshish
                 ,
                 carry'd
                 not
                 only
                 Necessaries
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 Merchandize
                 and
                 Effects
                 to
                 Trade
                 with
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 exceed
                 all
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 for
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Riches
                 8
                 .
                 We
                 read
                 ,
                 that
                 Pompey
                 put
                 out
                 his
                 Money
                 to
                 Use.
                 The
                 Nobility
                 also
                 of
                 Rome
                 and
                 Carthage
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 beneath
                 'em
                 to
                 Traffick
                 .
                 Rome
                 Instituted
                 a
                 College
                 of
                 Merchants
                 ;
                 whence
                 ,
                 I
                 believe
                 ,
                 the
                 Dutch
                 took
                 the
                 Institution
                 of
                 their
                 Companies
                 .
                 How
                 much
                 more
                 commodiously
                 might
                 Spain
                 Establish
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 securing
                 them
                 with
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 which
                 would
                 make
                 it
                 not
                 only
                 Rich
                 ,
                 but
                 Formidable
                 .
                 These
                 Conveniencies
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Portugal
                 considering
                 ,
                 setled
                 their
                 Commerce
                 in
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 by
                 Force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ;
                 maintaining
                 their
                 Arms
                 by
                 their
                 Trade
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 founded
                 a
                 new
                 and
                 large
                 Empire
                 9
                 ;
                 Establishing
                 Religion
                 ,
                 before
                 unknown
                 to
                 those
                 remote
                 Countries
                 :
                 As
                 it
                 was
                 also
                 to
                 the
                 Western
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 till
                 introduc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prowess
                 of
                 the
                 Castilians
                 ,
                 who
                 instructed
                 that
                 Heathen
                 Country
                 in
                 what
                 before
                 they
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 heard
                 of
                 10
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 receiving
                 from
                 them
                 the
                 True
                 Religion
                 of
                 the
                 Gospel
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Mysterious
                 Bread
                 of
                 the
                 Encharist
                 ,
                 brought
                 them
                 so
                 far
                 11
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cried
                 out
                 for
                 Joy
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Prophet
                 
                   Isaiah
                   ,
                   Who
                   hath
                   begotten
                   me
                   these
                   ;
                   seeing
                   I
                   have
                   lost
                   my
                   Children
                   ,
                   and
                   am
                   desolate
                   ,
                   a
                   Captive
                   ,
                   and
                   removing
                   to
                   and
                   fro
                   ?
                   and
                   who
                   hath
                   brought
                   〈◊〉
                   these
                   ?
                   Behold
                   ,
                   I
                   was
                   left
                   alone
                   ,
                   these
                   ,
                   where
                   had
                   they
                   ●een
                
                 12
                 ?
              
               
                 'T
                 would
                 be
                 also
                 conducive
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Romans
                 formerly
                 establish'd
                 Garrisons
                 at
                 
                   Constantinople
                   ,
                   Rhodes
                
                 ,
                 ●pon
                 the
                 Rhine
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Cadiz
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 four
                 principal
                 Angles
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ;
                 so
                 now
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 should
                 
                 erect
                 Military
                 Orders
                 in
                 several
                 Places
                 in
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 and
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 who
                 might
                 Cruise
                 about
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 and
                 clear
                 them
                 of
                 Pyrates
                 ,
                 and
                 secure
                 our
                 Trade
                 with
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
                 These
                 Badges
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 are
                 sufficient
                 Rewards
                 for
                 Vertue
                 and
                 Valour
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Presidency
                 of
                 these
                 Orders
                 are
                 rich
                 enough
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Beginning
                 to
                 so
                 Glorious
                 and
                 Royal
                 an
                 Undertaking
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 their
                 Revenues
                 should
                 not
                 suffice
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Crown
                 be
                 willing
                 to
                 be
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Noble
                 Posts
                 ,
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 invested
                 in
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 See
                 ,
                 some
                 Ecclesiastical
                 Rents
                 might
                 be
                 apply'd
                 to
                 that
                 use
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 have
                 Constituted
                 the
                 Knights
                 of
                 St.
                 Iames
                 at
                 Oran
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Orders
                 of
                 Alcantara
                 ,
                 and
                 Calatrava
                 ,
                 at
                 Bugia
                 and
                 Tripoli
                 ;
                 having
                 obtained
                 leave
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 ,
                 to
                 convert
                 the
                 Revenues
                 of
                 the
                 Conven●●
                 
                   del
                   Villar
                   de
                   Venas
                
                 ,
                 St.
                 Martin
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Diocese
                 of
                 Saint
                 Iames
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 Oviedo
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 use
                 .
                 But
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 soon
                 after
                 broke
                 out
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 this
                 Design
                 was
                 not
                 accomplish'd
                 ,
                 or
                 perhaps
                 because
                 God
                 reserv'd
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 this
                 Institution
                 for
                 some
                 other
                 King.
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 State-Objection
                 ,
                 against
                 Intrusting
                 such
                 Potent
                 Offices
                 to
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 of
                 force
                 .
                 Military
                 Orders
                 were
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 the
                 Occasion
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Rebellions
                 in
                 Castile
                 :
                 yet
                 now
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 our
                 King
                 is
                 enlarg'd
                 by
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 tha●
                 Inconveniency
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 fear'd
                 ;
                 especially
                 if
                 these
                 Orders
                 were
                 setled
                 out
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Presidency
                 of
                 them
                 Ingrafted
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXIX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 DIvine
                 Providence
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 this
                 Monarchy
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 moment
                 without
                 Gold
                 and
                 Iron
                 ;
                 one
                 to
                 preserve
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 it
                 did
                 not
                 create
                 them
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 with
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 yet
                 did
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 the
                 Second
                 Governor
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 immediately
                 after
                 its
                 Creation
                 ,
                 operate
                 in
                 Purifying
                 and
                 Refining
                 the
                 Mineral
                 Matter
                 ,
                 and
                 locking
                 it
                 up
                 in
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 publick
                 Treasuries
                 ;
                 where
                 also
                 Mars
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Matter
                 was
                 harden'd
                 and
                 re●in'd
                 into
                 Iron
                 and
                 Steel
                 ,
                 erected
                 his
                 Armory
                 .
                 Arms
                 are
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Governments
                 ;
                 and
                 Riches
                 their
                 Blood
                 and
                 Spirit
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 these
                 don't
                 supply
                 the
                 Hands
                 with
                 Strength
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 again
                 preserve
                 and
                 defend
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 will
                 
                 soon
                 fall
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 expos'd
                 to
                 Ruine
                 and
                 Violence
                 .
                 Pliny
                 tells
                 of
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Ants
                 ,
                 in
                 India
                 ,
                 which
                 instead
                 of
                 Grains
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 heap
                 up
                 Grains
                 of
                 Gold.
                 Nature
                 has
                 not
                 granted
                 those
                 laborious
                 Animals
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 this
                 Metal
                 ;
                 yet
                 it
                 would
                 have
                 them
                 ,
                 like
                 Masters
                 ,
                 inform
                 every
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Importance
                 of
                 laying
                 up
                 Treasure
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 some
                 Statesmen
                 ,
                 That
                 hoarding
                 up
                 Riches
                 ,
                 serves
                 for
                 nothing
                 but
                 to
                 invite
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 as
                 Hezekiah
                 found
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 shewn
                 his
                 Treasure
                 to
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 of
                 Assyria
                 1
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 knew
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 employ'd
                 all
                 their
                 Royal
                 Revenues
                 in
                 Building
                 ;
                 yet
                 are
                 their
                 Reasons
                 invalid
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 two
                 Examples
                 of
                 no
                 force
                 :
                 For
                 't
                 was
                 not
                 
                 Hezekiah's
                 shewing
                 his
                 Riches
                 ,
                 that
                 brought
                 the
                 War
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Vanity
                 and
                 Pride
                 ,
                 in
                 putting
                 his
                 Trust
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 in
                 God
                 :
                 'T
                 was
                 this
                 that
                 made
                 Isaiah
                 prophesie
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 lose
                 all
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 2
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 employ
                 their
                 Treasure
                 in
                 Building
                 ,
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 losing
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 through
                 Vain-glory
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 amuse
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Minds
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 shall
                 observe
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 place
                 .
                 If
                 a
                 Prince
                 amasses
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 through
                 Avarice
                 ,
                 not
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 Occasion
                 requires
                 ,
                 to
                 defend
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 offend
                 his
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 to
                 save
                 Charges
                 ,
                 leaves
                 his
                 State
                 unprovided
                 of
                 Arms
                 and
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 soon
                 invite
                 his
                 Enemies
                 to
                 forge
                 Keys
                 to
                 open
                 his
                 Chests
                 ,
                 and
                 plunder
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Riches
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 he
                 applies
                 those
                 Treasures
                 to
                 the
                 Use
                 and
                 Service
                 of
                 his
                 State
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 at
                 once
                 strike
                 an
                 Awe
                 and
                 Respect
                 into
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 Riches
                 are
                 the
                 Nerves
                 of
                 War
                 3
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 they
                 procure
                 Friends
                 and
                 Allies
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 A
                 Full
                 Exchequer
                 does
                 more
                 Execution
                 than
                 Artillery
                 ,
                 Fleets
                 ,
                 or
                 Armies
                 .
                 When
                 thus
                 apply'd
                 ,
                 hoarding
                 Riches
                 ,
                 and
                 Moderation
                 of
                 Expences
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 Avarice
                 ,
                 but
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 as
                 was
                 that
                 of
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 while
                 living
                 ,
                 was
                 call'd
                 
                 Miserable
                 and
                 Covetous
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 was
                 clear'd
                 of
                 that
                 Aspersion
                 ,
                 he
                 leaving
                 behind
                 him
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 inconsiderable
                 Summ
                 ;
                 whatever
                 he
                 hoarded
                 ,
                 he
                 used
                 to
                 expend
                 upon
                 the
                 Fabrick
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 placing
                 his
                 Glory
                 not
                 in
                 spending
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 having
                 what
                 to
                 spend
                 .
                 It
                 must
                 be
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 That
                 Treasures
                 are
                 sometimes
                 collected
                 with
                 a
                 true
                 and
                 Heroick
                 Design
                 ,
                 to
                 execute
                 some
                 Great
                 and
                 Glorious
                 Action
                 :
                 yet
                 does
                 this
                 ,
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 dwindle
                 into
                 Avarice
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 States
                 happens
                 before
                 the
                 Treasury
                 is
                 open'd
                 for
                 their
                 Relief
                 .
                 Man's
                 Mind
                 is
                 easily
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 Riches
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 wholly
                 possess'd
                 with
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 obtaining
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Treasures
                 be
                 divided
                 among
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 as
                 Chlorus
                 in
                 Eutropius
                 desired
                 4
                 :
                 For
                 Riches
                 secure
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 endanger
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 Cerealis
                 told
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Treves
                 ,
                 That
                 their
                 Riches
                 were
                 the
                 chief
                 Cause
                 of
                 their
                 Wars
                 5
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Publick
                 is
                 Poor
                 ,
                 and
                 private
                 Persons
                 Rich
                 ,
                 Misfortunes
                 arrive
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 can
                 be
                 prevented
                 .
                 Counsels
                 are
                 prejudiced
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 avoid
                 those
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 which
                 seek
                 to
                 redress
                 the
                 Publick
                 Grievances
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Expence
                 of
                 particular
                 Persons
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 very
                 difficultly
                 be
                 induced
                 to
                 make
                 War.
                 Aristole
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 blam'd
                 the
                 Constitution
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 it
                 having
                 no
                 Publick
                 Treasury
                 6
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 more
                 intent
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 private
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Publick
                 Interest
                 ,
                 with
                 how
                 much
                 Regret
                 will
                 they
                 be
                 induced
                 to
                 remedy
                 the
                 Grievances
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 particular
                 Expence
                 7
                 ?
                 The
                 Republick
                 of
                 Genoa
                 feels
                 this
                 Inconveniency
                 .
                 And
                 Plato
                 ascribes
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 that
                 of
                 Rome
                 to
                 no
                 other
                 Cause
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Oration
                 which
                 Sallust
                 says
                 he
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 
                 against
                 the
                 Accomplices
                 of
                 
                 Cataline's
                 Conspiracy
                 ;
                 having
                 (
                 as
                 St.
                 Augustine
                 explains
                 it
                 *
                 )
                 stray'd
                 from
                 their
                 first
                 Institution
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 private
                 Persons
                 were
                 Poor
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Publick
                 Rich.
                 Of
                 which
                 Horace
                 complains
                 †
                 :
                 
                   
                     Non
                     it
                     a
                     Romuli
                  
                   
                     Praescriptum
                     ,
                     &
                     intonsi
                     Catonis
                  
                   
                     Auspiciis
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 Great
                 Princes
                 ,
                 relying
                 too
                 much
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 Power
                 ,
                 lay
                 aside
                 all
                 Care
                 of
                 laying
                 up
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 preserving
                 what
                 they
                 already
                 have
                 ;
                 not
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Necessity
                 of
                 their
                 Affairs
                 should
                 require
                 Money
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 oppress
                 their
                 Subjects
                 with
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 hazard
                 of
                 their
                 Fidelity
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 greater
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 need
                 of
                 greater
                 Expence
                 and
                 Charge
                 .
                 Princes
                 are
                 Briareus's
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 what
                 they
                 receive
                 with
                 fifty
                 Hands
                 ,
                 spend
                 with
                 a
                 hundred
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 any
                 Kingdom
                 rich
                 enough
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 Extravagance
                 of
                 one
                 .
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 in
                 one
                 Hour
                 ,
                 spend
                 all
                 the
                 Vapours
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 many
                 Days
                 in
                 collecting
                 .
                 Those
                 Riches
                 which
                 Nature
                 had
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 hoarded
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 close
                 Treasury
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 extravagant
                 Prodigality
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Emperors
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Extravagance
                 is
                 usual
                 to
                 Successors
                 who
                 find
                 the
                 Treasury
                 filled
                 to
                 their
                 Hands
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 spend
                 that
                 carelesly
                 and
                 lavishly
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 never
                 knew
                 the
                 trouble
                 of
                 acquiring
                 ;
                 they
                 soon
                 pull
                 down
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 and
                 drown
                 their
                 State
                 in
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Luxury
                 .
                 In
                 less
                 than
                 three
                 Years
                 time
                 ,
                 Caligula
                 squander'd
                 away
                 Sixty
                 Six
                 Millions
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 though
                 then
                 One
                 Crown
                 was
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 Two
                 now
                 .
                 Power
                 is
                 self-will'd
                 and
                 foolish
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 therefore
                 be
                 corrected
                 by
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 for
                 without
                 that
                 ,
                 Empires
                 would
                 soon
                 fall
                 to
                 Ruine
                 :
                 that
                 of
                 Rome
                 seem'd
                 to
                 decline
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Time
                 that
                 the
                 Emperors
                 began
                 to
                 squander
                 away
                 its
                 Treasures
                 .
                 The
                 World
                 is
                 wholly
                 ruled
                 by
                 Arms
                 and
                 Riches
                 .
                 Which
                 is
                 represented
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Sword
                 and
                 
                 
                   Golden
                   Bough
                
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 Hand
                 holds
                 over
                 a
                 Globe
                 ;
                 to
                 intimate
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 both
                 these
                 the
                 World
                 is
                 govern'd
                 :
                 alluding
                 to
                 
                 Virgil's
                 Story
                 of
                 Aeneas
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 both
                 these
                 ,
                 conquer'd
                 even
                 Hell
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 subdued
                 its
                 Monsters
                 and
                 Furies
                 .
                 The
                 Sword
                 wounds
                 most
                 ,
                 whose
                 edge
                 is
                 Gold
                 ;
                 and
                 Valour
                 without
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 and
                 Magazines
                 without
                 Treasuries
                 ,
                 are
                 insignificant
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 declares
                 War
                 ,
                 whether
                 he
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 these
                 Means
                 to
                 prosecute
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 convenient
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 President
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 should
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 the
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 Grounds
                 they
                 have
                 to
                 proceed
                 upon
                 .
                 Power
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 cautious
                 and
                 circumspect
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 consider
                 of
                 what
                 it
                 undertakes
                 .
                 Prudence
                 does
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Eyes
                 do
                 in
                 the
                 Head
                 ;
                 without
                 that
                 ,
                 Kingdoms
                 and
                 States
                 would
                 be
                 blind
                 :
                 And
                 Polyphemus
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 once
                 lost
                 his
                 Eye
                 by
                 the
                 Cunning
                 of
                 Vlysses
                 ,
                 in
                 vain
                 threw
                 Stones
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 storm'd
                 for
                 Revenge
                 :
                 so
                 will
                 they
                 vainly
                 squander
                 and
                 throw
                 away
                 their
                 Treasure
                 and
                 Riches
                 .
                 What
                 prodigious
                 Summs
                 have
                 we
                 seen
                 spent
                 in
                 our
                 Times
                 ,
                 upon
                 some
                 vain
                 Fear
                 ,
                 in
                 countermining
                 Enemies
                 Designs
                 ,
                 in
                 raising
                 Armies
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 avoided
                 by
                 a
                 Friendly
                 Composition
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 Dissimulation
                 ?
                 How
                 much
                 in
                 Subsidies
                 and
                 Taxes
                 ill
                 apply'd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 other
                 Necessary
                 Expences
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 Princes
                 ,
                 thinking
                 to
                 make
                 themselves
                 Powerful
                 ,
                 have
                 found
                 the
                 contrary
                 :
                 The
                 Ostentations
                 and
                 Menaces
                 of
                 Gold
                 extravagantly
                 and
                 unseasonably
                 squander'd
                 away
                 ,
                 render
                 themselves
                 ineffectual
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 second
                 are
                 less
                 than
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 for
                 one
                 weakens
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Strength
                 lost
                 ,
                 is
                 soon
                 recruited
                 ;
                 but
                 Riches
                 once
                 spent
                 ,
                 are
                 hard
                 to
                 be
                 recover'd
                 .
                 They
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 us'd
                 but
                 upon
                 absolute
                 Necessity
                 .
                 Aeneas
                 did
                 not
                 first
                 shew
                 the
                 
                   Golden
                   Bough
                
                 ,
                 but
                 offer'd
                 to
                 force
                 his
                 Passage
                 with
                 his
                 Sword.
                 
                 
                   
                     The
                     Chief
                     unsheath'd
                     his
                     shinning
                     Steel
                     ,
                     prepar'd
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Though
                     seiz'd
                     with
                     sudden
                     Fear
                     ,
                     to
                     force
                     the
                     Guard.
                     
                  
                
                 
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 found
                 that
                 neither
                 Force
                 nor
                 Fair
                 Means
                 could
                 oblige
                 Charon
                 to
                 waft
                 him
                 over
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Golden
                   Bough
                
                 was
                 produc'd
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 hitherto
                 conceal'd
                 8
                 :
                 At
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 angry
                 God
                 was
                 pacified
                 .
              
               
                 
                   *
                   If
                   neither
                   Piety
                   ,
                   nor
                   Heaven's
                   Command
                   ,
                
                 
                   Can
                   gain
                   his
                   Passage
                   to
                   the
                   Stygian
                   Strand
                   ,
                
                 
                   This
                   fatal
                   Present
                   shall
                   prevail
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                
                 
                   (
                   Then
                   shew'd
                   the
                   
                     Golden
                     Bough
                  
                   ,
                   conceal'd
                   within
                   her
                   Vest.
                   )
                
                 
                   No
                   more
                   was
                   needful
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Gloomy
                   God
                
                 
                   Stood
                   mute
                   with
                   Awe
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   the
                   Golden
                   Rod
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 Let
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 take
                 Care
                 to
                 keep
                 those
                 Eyes
                 of
                 Prudence
                 upon
                 their
                 Scepters
                 ,
                 clear
                 ,
                 and
                 quick-sighted
                 ,
                 not
                 disdaining
                 Oeconomy
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Safety
                 and
                 Preservation
                 thereof
                 ;
                 Princes
                 being
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Fathers
                 of
                 their
                 People
                 .
                 The
                 Great
                 Augustus
                 condescended
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 before
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Good
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Accompts
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 .
                 Spain
                 had
                 had
                 long
                 since
                 the
                 Universal
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 less
                 Extravagant
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 Regular
                 and
                 Methodical
                 in
                 Peace
                 ;
                 but
                 through
                 a
                 certain
                 Negligence
                 ,
                 the
                 usual
                 Effect
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 suffer'd
                 those
                 Riches
                 which
                 should
                 have
                 render'd
                 it
                 Invincible
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 by
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
                 We
                 purchase
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 simple
                 Indians
                 ,
                 for
                 Toys
                 and
                 Baubles
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 we
                 our selves
                 ,
                 as
                 silly
                 as
                 they
                 ,
                 permit
                 other
                 Nations
                 to
                 Export
                 them
                 ,
                 leaving
                 us
                 Brass
                 ,
                 Lead
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 such
                 worthless
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 stead
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 by
                 its
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prowess
                 ,
                 erected
                 our
                 Monarchy
                 ;
                 yet
                 others
                 triumph
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 suffers
                 ,
                 not
                 knowing
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 good
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 vast
                 Treasures
                 which
                 are
                 brought
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 So
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 levels
                 and
                 equals
                 States
                 ;
                 giving
                 to
                 the
                 Great
                 Ones
                 Strength
                 ,
                 without
                 Industry
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Little
                 ,
                 Industry
                 to
                 acquire
                 Strength
                 .
                 But
                 lest
                 I
                 should
                 seem
                 only
                 to
                 discover
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 heal
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 prescribe
                 some
                 Remedies
                 ;
                 not
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 Quintessence
                 and
                 Nicety
                 of
                 Speculation
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 approv'd
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 when
                 new
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 rejected
                 by
                 Experience
                 ;
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 Natural
                 Reason
                 shall
                 suggest
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 Ignorance
                 slights
                 as
                 vulgar
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 chief
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 no
                 Mines
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 being
                 richer
                 than
                 Agriculture
                 .
                 This
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 knew
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 the
                 lower
                 End
                 of
                 their
                 Scepters
                 like
                 a
                 Plow-share
                 ;
                 to
                 intimate
                 ,
                 that
                 its
                 Power
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 was
                 founded
                 upon
                 that
                 :
                 The
                 fertile
                 Sides
                 of
                 Vesuvi●s
                 ,
                 are
                 richer
                 than
                 Potosus
                 with
                 all
                 its
                 Gold.
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 by
                 Chance
                 ,
                 that
                 Nature
                 has
                 so
                 liberally
                 imparted
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 to
                 All
                 ,
                 and
                 hid
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 :
                 It
                 made
                 those
                 common
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Superficies
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 on
                 purpose
                 for
                 Man's
                 Nourishment
                 9
                 ;
                 and
                 hid
                 these
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 thereof
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 easily
                 be
                 dug
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 refined
                 ,
                 knowing
                 they
                 would
                 prove
                 the
                 Bane
                 and
                 Ruine
                 of
                 Mankind
                 .
                 Spain
                 was
                 ,
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 ,
                 so
                 rich
                 ,
                 almost
                 only
                 from
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 that
                 Lewis
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 coming
                 to
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 was
                 surpriz'd
                 at
                 the
                 Splendour
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 that
                 Court
                 ,
                 affirming
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 seen
                 the
                 like
                 in
                 all
                 that
                 Part
                 of
                 Asia
                 or
                 Europe
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 travell'd
                 through
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Voyage
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Land.
                
                 Such
                 was
                 then
                 ●he
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 one
                 King
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 though
                 distracted
                 with
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 possess'd
                 by
                 the
                 Moors
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 Authors
                 affirm
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   War
                
                 against
                 the
                 Heathens
                 ,
                 a
                 Rendezvouz
                 of
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Sixty
                 Thousand
                 Waggons
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 III.
                 daily
                 paid
                 both
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 Captains
                 ,
                 and
                 Generals
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Office
                 and
                 Quality
                 .
                 These
                 vast
                 Expences
                 
                 and
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 present
                 seem
                 incredible
                 ,
                 the
                 single
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 could
                 afford
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 maintain'd
                 a
                 greater
                 Number
                 of
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Riches
                 ;
                 until
                 a
                 certain
                 Biscayner
                 ,
                 roving
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 by
                 fortune
                 ,
                 got
                 a
                 sight
                 of
                 this
                 New
                 World
                 ,
                 either
                 unknown
                 to
                 ,
                 or
                 forgotten
                 by
                 the
                 Ancients
                 ,
                 and
                 preserv'd
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Columbus
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 this
                 Spaniard
                 ,
                 diligently
                 considering
                 the
                 Observations
                 that
                 he
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Discoverer
                 had
                 made
                 ,
                 undertook
                 to
                 demonstrate
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 which
                 Nature
                 seem'd
                 designedly
                 to
                 separate
                 from
                 us
                 by
                 Mountainous
                 Waves
                 .
                 He
                 communicated
                 this
                 his
                 Project
                 to
                 several
                 Princes
                 ,
                 hoping
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 to
                 facilitate
                 his
                 great
                 and
                 difficult
                 Enterprize
                 :
                 But
                 all
                 slighted
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 vain
                 and
                 notionary
                 .
                 Which
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 through
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Caution
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 Distrust
                 and
                 Misbelief
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 merited
                 the
                 same
                 Praise
                 which
                 Carthage
                 gain'd
                 of
                 old
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 when
                 some
                 Sailors
                 were
                 boasting
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Rich
                 and
                 Delicious
                 Island
                 ,
                 (
                 supposed
                 to
                 be
                 Hispaniola
                 )
                 caus'd
                 'em
                 immediately
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 thinking
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 such
                 an
                 Island
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 more
                 Detriment
                 than
                 Advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 Columbus
                 ,
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 applies
                 himself
                 to
                 Their
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 and
                 Isabella
                 ;
                 whose
                 Generous
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 capable
                 of
                 many
                 Worlds
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 content
                 with
                 one
                 alone
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 having
                 received
                 necessary
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 tedious
                 and
                 hazardous
                 Voyage
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 encounter'd
                 as
                 great
                 Danger
                 from
                 the
                 Diffidence
                 of
                 his
                 Companions
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 it self
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 last
                 return'd
                 to
                 Spain
                 ,
                 laden
                 with
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 flock'd
                 to
                 the
                 Shore
                 of
                 Guadalquivir
                 ,
                 to
                 admire
                 these
                 precious
                 Products
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 brought
                 to
                 light
                 by
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 and
                 thither
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Industry
                 of
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 great
                 Plenty
                 of
                 them
                 soon
                 perverted
                 all
                 Things
                 ;
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 soon
                 leaves
                 Plough
                 ,
                 gets
                 into
                 his
                 Embroider'd
                 Silks
                 ,
                 and
                 begins
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 curious
                 of
                 his
                 Tawny
                 ,
                 Sun-burnt
                 Hands
                 ;
                 the
                 Merchant
                 steps
                 from
                 his
                 Counter
                 into
                 his
                 Sedan
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 lolls
                 it
                 lazily
                 about
                 the
                 Streets
                 ;
                 Workmen
                 disdain
                 their
                 Tools
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 ,
                 forsooth
                 ,
                 must
                 now
                 turn
                 Gentlemen
                 .
                 No
                 Money
                 is
                 current
                 now
                 but
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 ;
                 and
                 our
                 Coin
                 being
                 wholly
                 unmix'd
                 and
                 pure
                 ,
                 is
                 coveted
                 and
                 desired
                 by
                 all
                 Nations
                 .
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 now
                 growing
                 common
                 ,
                 all
                 Things
                 raise
                 their
                 Price
                 .
                 In
                 fine
                 ,
                 It
                 befel
                 our
                 Kings
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 did
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Nero
                 ,
                 whom
                 a
                 certain
                 African
                 put
                 a
                 Trick
                 upon
                 ,
                 telling
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Grounds
                 he
                 had
                 found
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 believ'd
                 Queen
                 Dido
                 had
                 buried
                 there
                 ,
                 either
                 lest
                 too
                 much
                 Riches
                 should
                 enervate
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 her
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 or
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 invite
                 others
                 to
                 Invade
                 her
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Which
                 the
                 Emperor
                 giving
                 credit
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 thinking
                 himself
                 already
                 sure
                 of
                 the
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 squander'd
                 away
                 the
                 Old
                 Stock
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Hope
                 of
                 these
                 New-found
                 Riches
                 :
                 The
                 Expectation
                 of
                 Riches
                 being
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Want
                 10
                 .
                 Cheated
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Hopes
                 ,
                 we
                 were
                 persuaded
                 that
                 we
                 had
                 no
                 more
                 need
                 of
                 fix'd
                 and
                 standing
                 Treasuries
                 ,
                 but
                 think
                 our
                 Ships
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 not
                 considering
                 that
                 all
                 our
                 Power
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 Uncertainty
                 of
                 the
                 Winds
                 and
                 Seas
                 ;
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 said
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 did
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 Provisions
                 were
                 all
                 brought
                 them
                 from
                 Foreign
                 Provinces
                 11
                 .
                 Which
                 Hazard
                 Aleto
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 when
                 dissuading
                 Godfredo
                 from
                 going
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 Wars
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   *
                   Shall
                   then
                   your
                   Life
                   upon
                   the
                   Winds
                   depend
                   ?
                
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 Mens
                 Hopes
                 are
                 generally
                 above
                 their
                 Estates
                 12
                 ,
                 State
                 and
                 Pomp
                 encreases
                 ;
                 the
                 Salaries
                 ,
                 Wages
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Charges
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 are
                 enlarged
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Confidence
                 and
                 Expectations
                 of
                 these
                 Foreign
                 
                 Riches
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 afterwards
                 ill
                 and
                 negligently
                 managed
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 sufficient
                 to
                 defray
                 such
                 Expences
                 :
                 and
                 this
                 made
                 way
                 for
                 Debts
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 for
                 Usury
                 and
                 Interest
                 .
                 Necessity
                 daily
                 encreas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 occasion'd
                 new
                 Expences
                 :
                 But
                 nothing
                 was
                 so
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Alteration
                 of
                 the
                 Coin
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 Purity
                 as
                 Religion
                 it self
                 ;
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 
                   Alphonso
                   the
                   Wise
                   ,
                   Alphonso
                
                 XI
                 .
                 and
                 Henry
                 II.
                 who
                 did
                 offer
                 to
                 alter
                 it
                 ,
                 endanger'd
                 both
                 themselves
                 and
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 and
                 their
                 Misfortunes
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 Warning
                 to
                 us
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Ills
                 are
                 fatal
                 ,
                 neither
                 Experience
                 ,
                 nor
                 Example
                 ,
                 can
                 move
                 us
                 .
                 King
                 Philip
                 II.
                 deaf
                 to
                 all
                 these
                 Cautions
                 ,
                 doubled
                 the
                 Value
                 of
                 Copper
                 Coin
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 before
                 convenient
                 for
                 common
                 Use
                 ,
                 and
                 answerable
                 to
                 bigger
                 Money
                 .
                 Foreigners
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Value
                 that
                 the
                 Royal
                 Stamp
                 gave
                 to
                 this
                 paultry
                 Metal
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 Traffick
                 with
                 nothing
                 else
                 ,
                 bringing
                 us
                 in
                 vast
                 quantities
                 of
                 Copper
                 ready
                 Coin'd
                 ,
                 in
                 Exchange
                 for
                 our
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Merchandise
                 :
                 Which
                 did
                 us
                 more
                 Damage
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 all
                 the
                 Monsters
                 and
                 venomous
                 Serpents
                 of
                 Africa
                 had
                 been
                 brought
                 among
                 us
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 who
                 us'd
                 to
                 ridicule
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 for
                 their
                 Copper
                 Money
                 ,
                 became
                 themselves
                 the
                 Jest
                 and
                 Laughing-stock
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 World.
                 Trade
                 was
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 this
                 troublesome
                 ,
                 scoundrel
                 Metal
                 ,
                 all
                 things
                 grew
                 dearer
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 scarcer
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                   Alphonso
                   the
                   Wise.
                
                 Buying
                 and
                 Selling
                 ceas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Revenues
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 were
                 diminish'd
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 new
                 Impositions
                 and
                 Taxes
                 were
                 unavoidable
                 ;
                 whence
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 the
                 Wealth
                 of
                 Castile
                 was
                 spent
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Inconveniencies
                 renew'd
                 ,
                 proceeding
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 in
                 a
                 pernicious
                 Circle
                 ;
                 which
                 will
                 at
                 last
                 prove
                 our
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 unless
                 a
                 Remedy
                 be
                 timely
                 apply'd
                 ,
                 by
                 reducing
                 that
                 king
                 of
                 Money
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 and
                 intrinsick
                 Value
                 .
                 Who
                 would
                 not
                 think
                 that
                 this
                 World
                 must
                 be
                 subdu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Riches
                 and
                 Wealth
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ?
                 And
                 yet
                 we
                 see
                 there
                 were
                 greater
                 Exploits
                 perform'd
                 formerly
                 by
                 pure
                 Valour
                 ,
                 than
                 since
                 ,
                 by
                 all
                 these
                 Riches
                 ;
                 as
                 Tacitus
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 in
                 
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Vitellius
                 13
                 .
                 Foreign
                 Nations
                 did
                 soon
                 after
                 find
                 the
                 same
                 Damage
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 the
                 Indies
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 too
                 great
                 Dependance
                 upon
                 their
                 Riches
                 ;
                 all
                 things
                 grew
                 dearer
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 as
                 with
                 us
                 ,
                 their
                 Expences
                 surmounted
                 their
                 Revenues
                 :
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 all
                 the
                 same
                 Inconveniencies
                 with
                 us
                 ;
                 which
                 were
                 so
                 much
                 greater
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 farther
                 Distance
                 from
                 those
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Remedy
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 which
                 is
                 brought
                 us
                 from
                 the
                 Indies
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 they
                 must
                 receive
                 from
                 us
                 ,
                 being
                 more
                 uncertain
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 which
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 the
                 Indies
                 caused
                 :
                 In
                 knowing
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 we
                 know
                 also
                 their
                 Remedies
                 .
                 The
                 First
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 Not
                 to
                 neglect
                 Agriculture
                 ,
                 upon
                 Hopes
                 of
                 those
                 Riches
                 :
                 Those
                 which
                 we
                 receive
                 from
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 being
                 more
                 natural
                 ,
                 sure
                 ,
                 and
                 common
                 to
                 all
                 :
                 Wherefore
                 Husbandmen
                 should
                 be
                 encourag'd
                 and
                 exempted
                 from
                 the
                 Oppressions
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Incumbrances
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 since
                 all
                 things
                 are
                 restored
                 by
                 the
                 contrary
                 Means
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Expences
                 are
                 greater
                 than
                 the
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectation
                 of
                 those
                 Metals
                 ;
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 prudent
                 Governor
                 ,
                 provide
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Senators
                 of
                 Rome
                 advis'd
                 Nero
                 14
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Publick
                 Revenues
                 should
                 rather
                 Exceed
                 ,
                 than
                 fall
                 short
                 of
                 the
                 Expences
                 ;
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 moderate
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 superfluous
                 and
                 unnecessary
                 :
                 imitating
                 the
                 Emperors
                 
                   Antoninus
                   Pius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Alexander
                   Severus
                
                 ,
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 which
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   't
                   was
                   the
                   Part
                   of
                   a
                   Tyrant
                   ,
                   to
                   support
                   them
                   with
                   the
                   Intrails
                   of
                   his
                   State.
                
                 Such
                 a
                 Reform
                 would
                 only
                 Disgust
                 some
                 few
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 Abuse
                 or
                 Imprudence
                 has
                 rais'd
                 the
                 Salaries
                 of
                 Offices
                 ,
                 and
                 Charges
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 only
                 introduc'd
                 by
                 Vanity
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 title
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 ;
                 Why
                 should
                 they
                 not
                 be
                 corrected
                 and
                 reform'd
                 by
                 Prudence
                 ?
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 greater
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 
                 are
                 ,
                 those
                 Abuses
                 will
                 be
                 greater
                 ;
                 so
                 also
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 this
                 Remedy
                 .
                 Frugality
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 Revenue
                 .
                 Gold
                 once
                 spent
                 ,
                 returns
                 not
                 .
                 By
                 damming
                 up
                 the
                 Streams
                 ,
                 the
                 Fountain-Head
                 rises
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 keep
                 Silver
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 fix
                 the
                 Mercury
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 that
                 being
                 the
                 True
                 and
                 Approv'd
                 Philosopher's
                 Stone
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 satisfy'd
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 be
                 inform'd
                 by
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 superfluous
                 Expences
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 resolve
                 to
                 moderate
                 them
                 ;
                 he
                 would
                 soon
                 find
                 himself
                 enabled
                 to
                 pay
                 his
                 Debts
                 ,
                 lessen
                 his
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 and
                 fill
                 his
                 Treasury
                 .
                 As
                 King
                 Henry
                 III.
                 who
                 finding
                 the
                 Crown
                 much
                 in
                 Debt
                 ,
                 consulted
                 with
                 his
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 remedy
                 it
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 find
                 a
                 better
                 Expedient
                 ,
                 than
                 what
                 we
                 have
                 here
                 propos'd
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 To
                 Reduce
                 Salaries
                 and
                 Pensions
                 ,
                 and
                 Regulate
                 Superfluous
                 Expences
                 .
                 The
                 Treasurers
                 also
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Officers
                 in
                 the
                 Treasury
                 and
                 Exchequer
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 a
                 less
                 number
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 the
                 Collectors
                 of
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 who
                 all
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 thirsty
                 Sands
                 of
                 Africk
                 ,
                 soak
                 and
                 drink
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Streams
                 of
                 the
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 which
                 pass
                 by
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Great
                 Emperor
                 of
                 the
                 Turks
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 has
                 immense
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 has
                 but
                 two
                 Treasurers
                 ,
                 one
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 'tother
                 in
                 
                   Europe
                   .
                   Henry
                
                 IV.
                 of
                 France
                 (
                 not
                 less
                 a
                 Statesman
                 than
                 a
                 Soldier
                 )
                 was
                 satisfy'd
                 of
                 the
                 Inconveniency
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 Ministers
                 of
                 his
                 Revenue
                 to
                 a
                 less
                 ,
                 yet
                 sufficient
                 number
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Third
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 since
                 Princes
                 are
                 ,
                 by
                 Importunity
                 ,
                 often
                 forced
                 to
                 grant
                 those
                 Things
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 in
                 their
                 Power
                 ;
                 all
                 such
                 Grants
                 ,
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 Immunities
                 and
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 revok'd
                 ;
                 especially
                 when
                 the
                 same
                 Causes
                 concurr
                 ,
                 as
                 mov'd
                 Their
                 Catholick
                 Majesties
                 to
                 repeal
                 those
                 of
                 King
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 For
                 ,
                 said
                 they
                 ,
                 in
                 another
                 Law
                 ,
                 
                   A
                   Princes
                   Liberality
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   so
                   great
                   as
                   to
                   ruine
                   him
                   ▪
                   and
                   the
                   Immunities
                   granted
                   to
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   such
                   as
                   may
                   not
                   prejudice
                   the
                   Crown
                   .
                
                 But
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 through
                 Negligence
                 or
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 has
                 not
                 consider'd
                 this
                 ;
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 remedy'd
                 afterwards
                 .
                 As
                 was
                 after
                 the
                 Abdication
                 of
                 Ramirez
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 all
                 Grants
                 that
                 
                 had
                 weakned
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 were
                 made
                 void
                 .
                 King
                 
                   Henry
                   the
                   Liberal
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Queen
                 Isabella
                 ,
                 did
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 :
                 And
                 King
                 Iohn
                 II.
                 repeal'd
                 the
                 Privileges
                 and
                 Immunities
                 which
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Predecessors
                 had
                 granted
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 with
                 Princes
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 was
                 with
                 the
                 Idols
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ;
                 from
                 whose
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Ieremiah
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 took
                 the
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 apply'd
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Use
                 15
                 .
                 King
                 Henry
                 III.
                 perceiving
                 the
                 same
                 Abuse
                 ,
                 Imprison'd
                 several
                 of
                 his
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 'em
                 refund
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 purloin'd
                 from
                 the
                 Crown
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 just
                 Administration
                 of
                 his
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 he
                 amass'd
                 a
                 prodigious
                 Treasure
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Madrid
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Last
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 the
                 First
                 )
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Prince
                 should
                 first
                 regulate
                 the
                 Expences
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Family
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 reform
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 :
                 For
                 their
                 Reformation
                 ,
                 as
                 King
                 Theodatus
                 said
                 16
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 begun
                 by
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 effectual
                 .
                 St.
                 Lewis
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 advised
                 his
                 Son
                 Philip
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 his
                 Expences
                 were
                 moderate
                 and
                 reasonable
                 17
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 that
                 Princes
                 think
                 it
                 becomes
                 their
                 Grandeur
                 to
                 be
                 Careless
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 no
                 Accompts
                 ;
                 and
                 take
                 Extravagance
                 to
                 be
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 not
                 considering
                 how
                 contemptible
                 they
                 are
                 when
                 poor
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 true
                 Greatness
                 does
                 not
                 consist
                 in
                 Shews
                 ,
                 and
                 gaudy
                 Ostentation
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Castles
                 ,
                 strong
                 Garrisons
                 ,
                 and
                 Armies
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 in
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 Valladolid
                 ,
                 moderated
                 the
                 Expences
                 of
                 his
                 Houshold
                 .
                 The
                 true
                 Greatness
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 consists
                 in
                 being
                 liberal
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 moderate
                 and
                 sparing
                 to
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 ,
                 Sisenand
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 and
                 France
                 ,
                 (
                 so
                 stiled
                 by
                 the
                 Fourth
                 Council
                 of
                 Toledo
                 )
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 Kings
                 should
                 be
                 
                   Mais
                   Escasos
                   que
                   Gastadores
                
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 Rather
                 Rich
                 than
                 Lavish
                 .
                 I
                 well
                 know
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 of
                 these
                 Remedies
                 ;
                 but
                 ,
                 as
                 Petrarch
                 said
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 case
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   do
                   my
                   Duty
                
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 requisite
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 executed
                 ;
                 it
                 
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 represented
                 ,
                 to
                 accomplish
                 the
                 Design
                 of
                 this
                 Book
                 18
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 dare
                 hardly
                 say
                 any
                 thing
                 about
                 the
                 Remedies
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 the
                 Apple
                 of
                 the
                 Eye
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 cannot
                 touch
                 ,
                 without
                 hurting
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 let
                 it
                 alone
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 alter
                 the
                 ancient
                 Method
                 :
                 The
                 acutest
                 Judgment
                 cannot
                 foresee
                 all
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 which
                 attend
                 every
                 Alteration
                 thereof
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 are
                 discover'd
                 by
                 Experience
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 being
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Rule
                 and
                 Measure
                 of
                 Contracts
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 feels
                 the
                 least
                 Variation
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 Commerce
                 is
                 disturb'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 State
                 disorder'd
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 after
                 King
                 Peter
                 II.
                 had
                 Abdicated
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 prudently
                 Enacted
                 by
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 their
                 Kings
                 thenceforward
                 ,
                 should
                 take
                 an
                 Oath
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 alter
                 any
                 thing
                 about
                 the
                 Coin.
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 as
                 Pope
                 Innocent
                 III.
                 wrote
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 Peter
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 Subjects
                 began
                 to
                 rebell
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 this
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Reason
                 ;
                 That
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 Publick
                 Trustee
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 Alteration
                 in
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Coin
                 ,
                 which
                 consists
                 in
                 Matter
                 ,
                 Form
                 ,
                 and
                 Quantity
                 ;
                 nor
                 can
                 any
                 Kingdom
                 be
                 constituted
                 ,
                 where
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 pure
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 wholly
                 silent
                 in
                 a
                 Matter
                 so
                 Important
                 to
                 Government
                 ,
                 I
                 'll
                 mention
                 Two
                 things
                 .
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 Money
                 is
                 then
                 Just
                 and
                 Convenient
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Coin
                 or
                 Stamp
                 adds
                 nothing
                 to
                 the
                 Intrinsick
                 Value
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 have
                 the
                 common
                 Alloy
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 will
                 prevent
                 its
                 being
                 Exported
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Weight
                 and
                 Value
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 permitting
                 also
                 the
                 Currency
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Coin
                 :
                 Nor
                 will
                 it
                 at
                 all
                 derogate
                 from
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Authority
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Coin
                 serves
                 only
                 to
                 shew
                 the
                 Weight
                 and
                 Value
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 seems
                 most
                 commodious
                 ,
                 i●
                 those
                 Kingdoms
                 which
                 hold
                 Correspondence
                 and
                 Trade
                 with
                 many
                 Nations
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 EMPIRE
                 admits
                 of
                 no
                 Companion
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 Majesty
                 be
                 divided
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 that
                 each
                 should
                 Command
                 and
                 Obey
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ;
                 especially
                 since
                 Power
                 and
                 Accidents
                 cannot
                 be
                 so
                 nicely
                 shar'd
                 between
                 them
                 both
                 ,
                 nor
                 Ambition
                 so
                 equally
                 balanced
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 one
                 will
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 above
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 Envy
                 and
                 Emulation
                 will
                 disturb
                 their
                 Agreement
                 .
                 
                   
                     *
                     Rivals
                     in
                     Empire
                     still
                     mistrustful
                     are
                     ;
                  
                   
                     Nor
                     can
                     Authority
                     a
                     Part'ner
                     bear
                     .
                  
                
                 It
                 seems
                 next
                 to
                 an
                 Impossibility
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Orders
                 and
                 Commands
                 of
                 two
                 Governors
                 should
                 not
                 thwart
                 one
                 
                 another
                 .
                 Moses
                 and
                 Aaron
                 were
                 Brothers
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 when
                 God
                 made
                 them
                 Part'ners
                 ,
                 he
                 thought
                 it
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 teach
                 them
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 lest
                 any
                 Dissention
                 should
                 arise
                 between
                 them
                 1
                 .
                 A
                 Republick
                 has
                 but
                 one
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 therefore
                 be
                 guided
                 but
                 by
                 one
                 Soul
                 2
                 .
                 A
                 King
                 will
                 hardly
                 entertain
                 even
                 a
                 depos'd
                 Prince
                 within
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                 Portugal's
                 Excuse
                 ,
                 for
                 not
                 admitting
                 King
                 Peter
                 ,
                 when
                 depos'd
                 by
                 his
                 Brother
                 Henry
                 .
                 Nothing
                 but
                 Matrimony
                 ,
                 which
                 unites
                 Bodies
                 and
                 Souls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 singular
                 Prudence
                 of
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 and
                 Queen
                 Isabella
                 ,
                 could
                 have
                 prevented
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 of
                 their
                 Joint-Reign
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 .
                 For
                 Power
                 and
                 Concord
                 are
                 very
                 rarely
                 found
                 together
                 3
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 there
                 was
                 some
                 Consent
                 and
                 Union
                 in
                 the
                 Joint-Empire
                 of
                 Dioclesian
                 and
                 Maximinian
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 not
                 that
                 without
                 its
                 Troubles
                 and
                 Inconveniencies
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 used
                 to
                 Command
                 by
                 Turns
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 occasion
                 for
                 more
                 Princes
                 than
                 One
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 have
                 Three
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 One
                 ,
                 will
                 check
                 the
                 Ambition
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Two.
                 There
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 Faction
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Equality
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Reason
                 why
                 the
                 Triumvirates
                 of
                 
                   Caesar
                   ,
                   Crassus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Pompey
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 
                   Anthony
                   ,
                   Lepidus
                
                 and
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 continued
                 for
                 sometime
                 .
                 The
                 Kingdom
                 was
                 well
                 govern'd
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 Minority
                 of
                 King
                 Henry
                 III.
                 by
                 his
                 Three
                 Guardians
                 *
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 King
                 
                   Alphonso
                   the
                   Wise
                
                 propos'd
                 ,
                 That
                 during
                 the
                 Nonage
                 of
                 Kings
                 ,
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 Affairs
                 should
                 be
                 committed
                 to
                 One
                 ,
                 Three
                 ,
                 Five
                 ,
                 or
                 Seven
                 .
                 Which
                 not
                 being
                 observ'd
                 in
                 the
                 Minority
                 of
                 Alphonso
                 XI
                 .
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 felt
                 great
                 Commotions
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Infants
                 ,
                 Iohn
                 and
                 Peter
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 last
                 oblig'd
                 the
                 Royal
                 Council
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 'em
                 the
                 Administration
                 .
                 Though
                 Empires
                 
                 are
                 always
                 violent
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 short
                 continuance
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 divided
                 ,
                 and
                 depend
                 not
                 upon
                 one
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 happen'd
                 to
                 
                 Alexander's
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 vast
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 ended
                 with
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 after
                 him
                 ,
                 't
                 was
                 divided
                 among
                 many
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 the
                 Moors
                 had
                 founded
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 had
                 lasted
                 longer
                 ,
                 had
                 it
                 not
                 been
                 divided
                 into
                 many
                 Kingdoms
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 represented
                 in
                 this
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 
                   Crown'd
                   Tree
                
                 ,
                 which
                 signifies
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 To
                 intimate
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 two
                 Hands
                 ,
                 tho'
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Body
                 ,
                 should
                 pull
                 this
                 Tree
                 two
                 different
                 ways
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 rend
                 ,
                 burst
                 ,
                 and
                 ruine
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
                 For
                 Humane
                 Ambition
                 sometimes
                 forgets
                 the
                 Bonds
                 of
                 Nature
                 .
                 When
                 States
                 are
                 divided
                 among
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 the
                 Crown
                 can
                 never
                 remain
                 entire
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Union
                 ;
                 for
                 every
                 one
                 is
                 for
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 grasps
                 at
                 the
                 whole
                 Sceptre
                 as
                 his
                 Father
                 held
                 it
                 .
                 So
                 it
                 befell
                 King
                 Sancho
                 the
                 Elder
                 .
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 united
                 all
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Spain
                 to
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 their
                 Joint-Force
                 they
                 might
                 expell
                 the
                 Moors
                 ,
                 and
                 free
                 themselves
                 from
                 their
                 Tyrannick
                 Slavery
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 ,
                 through
                 Fatherly
                 Affection
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 prudent
                 Policy
                 ,
                 divided
                 his
                 Kingdoms
                 among
                 his
                 Children
                 ,
                 thinking
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 stronger
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 ready
                 to
                 unite
                 against
                 the
                 Common
                 Enemy
                 *
                 .
                 But
                 instead
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 Brothers
                 set
                 up
                 for
                 King
                 himself
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Crown
                 being
                 thus
                 rent
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 lost
                 its
                 Strength
                 and
                 Splendour
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 Domestick
                 Feuds
                 and
                 Grudges
                 are
                 more
                 inveterate
                 than
                 other
                 ,
                 they
                 soon
                 grew
                 to
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 each
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 depose
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Detriment
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 This
                 Example
                 might
                 ,
                 one
                 would
                 have
                 thought
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 Warning
                 to
                 all
                 Princes
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ;
                 yet
                 we
                 find
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Great
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 and
                 Iames
                 I.
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 guilty
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 fault
                 ,
                 dividing
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 their
                 Kingdoms
                 among
                 their
                 Children
                 †
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 this
                 be
                 the
                 Effect
                 of
                 Self-Conceit
                 ,
                 or
                 Humane
                 Nature
                 ,
                 ever
                 greedy
                 of
                 Novelty
                 ,
                 and
                 fond
                 of
                 old
                 rejected
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 thinking
                 that
                 best
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ;
                 if
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 that
                 we
                 
                 seek
                 for
                 Examples
                 to
                 excuse
                 our
                 own
                 Resolutions
                 .
                 Iames
                 II.
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 was
                 more
                 prudent
                 upon
                 this
                 score
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 firmly
                 Enacted
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Arragon
                 and
                 Valence
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Catalonia
                 ,
                 should
                 never
                 be
                 separated
                 *
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 can
                 these
                 Errors
                 be
                 excused
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 the
                 Twelve
                 Tables
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Common
                 Law
                 ,
                 which
                 shares
                 the
                 Father's
                 Estate
                 equally
                 among
                 the
                 Children
                 ;
                 or
                 by
                 Natural
                 Reason
                 ,
                 which
                 seems
                 to
                 urge
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 the
                 Children
                 receiv'd
                 their
                 being
                 in
                 common
                 from
                 their
                 Father
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 also
                 be
                 Sharers
                 of
                 his
                 Estate
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 King
                 is
                 a
                 Publick
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 ought
                 to
                 act
                 as
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 as
                 a
                 Father
                 ;
                 and
                 ought
                 rather
                 to
                 attend
                 the
                 Good
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 than
                 his
                 Children
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Publick
                 Chattel
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 belongs
                 to
                 no
                 one
                 in
                 particular
                 ;
                 it
                 not
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 King's
                 Power
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 private
                 Goods
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 in
                 submitting
                 themselves
                 to
                 One
                 ,
                 have
                 requir'd
                 a
                 Right
                 to
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 defended
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 him
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 inconsistent
                 with
                 the
                 Division
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 :
                 And
                 since
                 this
                 Right
                 is
                 Common
                 and
                 Universal
                 ,
                 it
                 ought
                 surely
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 to
                 private
                 Love
                 ,
                 and
                 Paternal
                 Affection
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 Desire
                 of
                 making
                 Peace
                 among
                 his
                 Children
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 making
                 them
                 agree
                 ,
                 it
                 arms
                 'em
                 with
                 Power
                 to
                 quarrel
                 with
                 one
                 another
                 about
                 the
                 Dividends
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 be
                 made
                 so
                 equal
                 as
                 to
                 satisfie
                 all
                 .
                 Brothers
                 would
                 live
                 much
                 more
                 quietly
                 ,
                 if
                 their
                 Maintenance
                 should
                 depend
                 upon
                 him
                 who
                 Commands
                 in
                 Chief
                 ;
                 for
                 so
                 each
                 would
                 receive
                 a
                 Revenue
                 sufficient
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 .
                 Thus
                 Iehosaphat
                 did
                 4
                 .
                 There
                 being
                 no
                 Occasion
                 for
                 that
                 barbarous
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 Turks
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 Impious
                 Policy
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 who
                 think
                 no
                 Government
                 firm
                 and
                 secure
                 ,
                 unless
                 its
                 Foundation
                 be
                 mix'd
                 with
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 all
                 such
                 who
                 have
                 but
                 the
                 least
                 Pretensions
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 as
                 if
                 that
                 ,
                 like
                 Cement
                 or
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 fasten'd
                 the
                 Stones
                 of
                 the
                 Building
                 .
              
               
               
                 For
                 the
                 said
                 Reason
                 ,
                 almost
                 all
                 Nations
                 preferr
                 Succession
                 to
                 Election
                 ;
                 well
                 knowing
                 that
                 an
                 Interregnum
                 is
                 liable
                 to
                 Dissentions
                 and
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 safer
                 to
                 accept
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 seek
                 one
                 5
                 .
              
               
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 since
                 Succession
                 is
                 best
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 most
                 agreeable
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 preferring
                 him
                 whom
                 she
                 first
                 sent
                 into
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 neither
                 Minority
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 Natural
                 Defect
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Objection
                 to
                 this
                 Right
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 there
                 are
                 greater
                 Inconveniencies
                 attend
                 the
                 admittance
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Scriptures
                 afford
                 us
                 very
                 many
                 Examples
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 and
                 Right
                 for
                 the
                 Succession
                 of
                 Women
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 in
                 default
                 of
                 Heirs
                 Male
                 ;
                 for
                 otherwise
                 the
                 Crown
                 would
                 be
                 subject
                 to
                 Divisions
                 ,
                 by
                 Collateral
                 Pretensions
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 
                   Salique
                   Law
                
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Pretence
                 of
                 the
                 Frailty
                 and
                 Imbecility
                 of
                 that
                 Sex
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 it
                 mayn't
                 rather
                 be
                 call'd
                 the
                 Envy
                 and
                 Ambition
                 of
                 Men
                 )
                 does
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 many
                 glorious
                 Examples
                 of
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Conduct
                 of
                 the
                 Female
                 Sex
                 ,
                 urge
                 many
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 exclude
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Administration
                 ;
                 yet
                 is
                 there
                 none
                 so
                 weighty
                 as
                 to
                 balance
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 preventing
                 an
                 Interregnum
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 strong
                 Reasons
                 why
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 admitted
                 ,
                 it
                 preventing
                 Pretensions
                 and
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 about
                 the
                 Succession
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 matching
                 the
                 Heiress
                 to
                 some
                 Great
                 Prince
                 ,
                 there
                 acceeds
                 a
                 considerable
                 Addition
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 happen'd
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 and
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 above-mention'd
                 Inconveniencies
                 are
                 ever
                 of
                 weight
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 small
                 Principalities
                 ;
                 where
                 the
                 Heiress
                 marrying
                 with
                 other
                 Princes
                 ,
                 the
                 Family
                 may
                 become
                 extinct
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 State
                 be
                 confounded
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 WHAT
                 does
                 not
                 Labour
                 overcome
                 ?
                 It
                 subdues
                 Iron
                 ,
                 softens
                 Brass
                 ,
                 draws
                 out
                 Gold
                 into
                 the
                 finest
                 Wire
                 ,
                 and
                 cuts
                 the
                 hardest
                 Diamonds
                 .
                 A
                 soft
                 Rope
                 does
                 ,
                 by
                 continual
                 Motion
                 ,
                 wear
                 the
                 Marble
                 Edge
                 of
                 the
                 Well
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 St.
                 Isidore
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 apply'd
                 himself
                 to
                 Study
                 ,
                 overcame
                 the
                 Dulness
                 of
                 his
                 Genius
                 .
                 What
                 Fort
                 was
                 ever
                 so
                 strong
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 Assiduity
                 could
                 not
                 conquer
                 it
                 ?
                 The
                 continued
                 Force
                 of
                 that
                 Engine
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Ancients
                 call'd
                 a
                 Ram
                 ,
                 would
                 make
                 a
                 Breach
                 in
                 the
                 thickest
                 and
                 strongest
                 Walls
                 .
                 And
                 we
                 see
                 now
                 a-days
                 ,
                 that
                 Castles
                 ,
                 though
                 defended
                 by
                 Artillery
                 Walls
                 ,
                 Ramparts
                 and
                 Ditches
                 ,
                 are
                 at
                 last
                 forced
                 to
                 yield
                 to
                 the
                 Spade
                 and
                 Mattock
                 .
                 No
                 Difficulty
                 retards
                 or
                 checks
                 a
                 Constant
                 Spirit
                 .
                 The
                 Temple
                 of
                 Glory
                 is
                 not
                 situated
                 in
                 a
                 delightful
                 Valley
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 a
                 
                 delicious
                 Plain
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 a
                 rugged
                 Mountain's
                 Top
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 rough
                 ,
                 uncouth
                 Paths
                 ,
                 over-run
                 with
                 Thorns
                 and
                 Brambles
                 .
                 The
                 Temples
                 of
                 
                   Minerva
                   ,
                   Mars
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 (
                 Deities
                 glorious
                 for
                 their
                 Vertue
                 )
                 were
                 not
                 built
                 of
                 Corinthian
                 or
                 Carv'd
                 Work
                 ,
                 finely
                 imbellish'd
                 with
                 curious
                 Engravings
                 ,
                 as
                 were
                 those
                 of
                 Flora
                 and
                 Venus
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 the
                 Dorick
                 Fashion
                 ,
                 rough
                 and
                 unpolish'd
                 :
                 Nor
                 did
                 the
                 Cornices
                 and
                 Chapiters
                 of
                 the
                 Pillars
                 shew
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 built
                 by
                 Labour
                 and
                 Industry
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Ease
                 .
                 'T
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 Ship
                 
                 Argos's
                 lying
                 at
                 Anchor
                 in
                 Port
                 ,
                 that
                 preferr'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Skies
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 s
                 daring
                 the
                 Wind
                 and
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 resolutely
                 exposing
                 it self
                 to
                 all
                 Dangers
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 .
                 Never
                 did
                 any
                 Prince
                 Enlarge
                 his
                 Territories
                 by
                 Effeminacy
                 ,
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Ease
                 .
                 Labour
                 ,
                 Traffick
                 and
                 Industry
                 are
                 necessary
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 none
                 more
                 than
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 ;
                 for
                 others
                 are
                 born
                 only
                 for
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Prince
                 for
                 All.
                 A
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 not
                 an
                 Office
                 of
                 Repose
                 and
                 Rest.
                 Certain
                 Courtiers
                 once
                 were
                 discoursing
                 before
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 and
                 Naples
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 necessity
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 taking
                 Pains
                 ;
                 
                   Do
                   you
                   think
                   then
                
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   that
                   Nature
                   gave
                   Princes
                   Hands
                   to
                   do
                   nothing
                   .
                
                 That
                 wise
                 Prince
                 had
                 ,
                 doubtless
                 ,
                 considered
                 the
                 admirable
                 Composure
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 their
                 Joins
                 ,
                 their
                 Readiness
                 to
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Strength
                 to
                 hold
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 their
                 mutual
                 Aptness
                 to
                 do
                 whatever
                 the
                 Mind
                 proposes
                 ,
                 being
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 all
                 Arts
                 :
                 Whence
                 he
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 exquisite
                 Structure
                 was
                 not
                 accidental
                 ,
                 or
                 merely
                 for
                 no
                 Use
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 Pains
                 and
                 Toil
                 ,
                 Labour
                 and
                 Industry
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 whose
                 Hands
                 are
                 careless
                 and
                 unclinched
                 ,
                 will
                 soon
                 drop
                 his
                 Sceptre
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 his
                 Courtiers
                 opportunity
                 of
                 catching
                 at
                 it
                 .
                 As
                 it
                 befell
                 King
                 Iohn
                 II.
                 who
                 so
                 wholly
                 gave
                 himself
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Diversions
                 of
                 Poetry
                 and
                 Musick
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 endure
                 the
                 Weight
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 either
                 carelesly
                 transacted
                 them
                 himself
                 ,
                 or
                 left
                 'em
                 totally
                 to
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 rather
                 chusing
                 this
                 sottish
                 Ease
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 glorious
                 Labour
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 regarding
                 the
                 Examples
                 of
                 his
                 Heroick
                 Predecessors
                 .
                 
                 So
                 we
                 often
                 find
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Vertue
                 and
                 ardent
                 Courage
                 of
                 Ancestors
                 is
                 wholly
                 extinguish'd
                 in
                 their
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Voluptuousness
                 of
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Race
                 of
                 great
                 Princes
                 becomes
                 degenerate
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 Horses
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 remov'd
                 from
                 a
                 dry
                 and
                 lean
                 Pasture
                 ,
                 into
                 one
                 too
                 fat
                 and
                 fertile
                 .
                 This
                 Consideration
                 mov'd
                 Frederick
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 upon
                 his
                 Death-bed
                 ,
                 to
                 write
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Calabria
                 ,
                 to
                 inure
                 his
                 Body
                 to
                 Military
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 suffer
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 debauch'd
                 by
                 Pleasures
                 ,
                 nor
                 vanquish'd
                 by
                 Difficulties
                 and
                 Dangers
                 *
                 .
                 Labour
                 and
                 Employment
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Anchor
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 :
                 without
                 which
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 toss'd
                 about
                 with
                 the
                 Waves
                 of
                 Passion
                 ,
                 and
                 dash'd
                 to
                 pieces
                 upon
                 the
                 Rocks
                 of
                 Vice.
                 God
                 enjoyn'd
                 Labour
                 to
                 Man
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Punishment
                 ;
                 yet
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Means
                 of
                 his
                 Quiet
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 1
                 .
                 Those
                 Foundations
                 and
                 noble
                 Superstructures
                 of
                 the
                 Monarchies
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Medes
                   ,
                   Assyrians
                   ,
                   Greeks
                
                 and
                 Romans
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 founded
                 by
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Laziness
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 Toil
                 and
                 Labour
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 that
                 which
                 so
                 long
                 supported
                 their
                 Grandeur
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 this
                 which
                 still
                 preserves
                 Oeconomies
                 in
                 Kingdoms
                 :
                 For
                 since
                 it
                 partly
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 mutual
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Peoples
                 Labours
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 flag
                 ,
                 all
                 those
                 Conveniencies
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 cease
                 ;
                 which
                 oblig'd
                 Men
                 to
                 Society
                 and
                 Order
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 Divine
                 Wisdom
                 proposes
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 Ant
                 ,
                 to
                 instruct
                 Men
                 in
                 their
                 Duty
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Care
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 lays
                 up
                 a
                 Store
                 in
                 the
                 Summer
                 ,
                 to
                 supply
                 its
                 Necessity
                 in
                 Winter
                 2
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 learn
                 from
                 this
                 little
                 ,
                 prudent
                 Animal
                 ,
                 timely
                 to
                 provide
                 their
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Forts
                 and
                 Garrisons
                 with
                 Necessaries
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 Preparations
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 of
                 Bees
                 less
                 assiduous
                 than
                 these
                 ;
                 you
                 shall
                 never
                 find
                 them
                 idle
                 ,
                 but
                 continually
                 employ'd
                 both
                 within
                 and
                 without
                 their
                 little
                 Cells
                 ;
                 the
                 Diligence
                 of
                 each
                 ,
                 causes
                 the
                 Prosperity
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 the
                 Labour
                 of
                 these
                 little
                 Animals
                 can
                 
                 enrich
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 with
                 Honey
                 and
                 Wax
                 ;
                 What
                 would
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 do
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 should
                 be
                 equally
                 Industrious
                 ?
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 in
                 China
                 ,
                 tho'
                 it
                 be
                 so
                 Populous
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 reckons
                 Seventy
                 Millions
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 they
                 all
                 live
                 in
                 the
                 greatest
                 Affluence
                 and
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 none
                 among
                 them
                 but
                 exercises
                 some
                 Trade
                 .
                 The
                 Scarcity
                 of
                 things
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 not
                 from
                 the
                 Infertility
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 the
                 Countries
                 of
                 Muroia
                 and
                 Carthagena
                 ,
                 Wheat
                 returns
                 a
                 hundred
                 Corns
                 for
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 might
                 thereby
                 sustain
                 a
                 War
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 :
                 But
                 this
                 Misfortune
                 arrives
                 from
                 the
                 neglect
                 of
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 Trades
                 ,
                 Business
                 ,
                 and
                 Commerce
                 ;
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 even
                 the
                 meanest
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 so
                 excessive
                 proud
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can't
                 be
                 content
                 with
                 what
                 Lot
                 Nature
                 has
                 given
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 aspire
                 to
                 something
                 greater
                 ,
                 loathing
                 those
                 Employments
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 agreeable
                 to
                 their
                 affected
                 Grandeur
                 .
                 The
                 Reason
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Bounds
                 between
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 the
                 Commonalty
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 well
                 distinguish'd
                 with
                 us
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Germany
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 Noble
                 and
                 Well-employ'd
                 Labour
                 is
                 Advantageous
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 Nice
                 and
                 Superfluous
                 is
                 Prejudicial
                 .
                 For
                 Mens
                 Minds
                 are
                 not
                 less
                 effeminated
                 by
                 soft
                 and
                 easie
                 Employments
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 Idleness
                 .
              
               
                 Wherefore
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 take
                 particular
                 care
                 to
                 employ
                 his
                 Subjects
                 in
                 such
                 Arts
                 as
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 Defence
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Debauchery
                 .
                 How
                 many
                 Hands
                 are
                 vainly
                 wearied
                 in
                 adorning
                 one
                 Finger
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 few
                 in
                 the
                 Necessities
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ?
                 How
                 many
                 are
                 employed
                 in
                 making
                 Conveniencies
                 for
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Recreation
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 few
                 in
                 making
                 necessary
                 Works
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 Cities
                 ?
                 How
                 many
                 in
                 Gardening
                 ,
                 and
                 forming
                 curious
                 Figures
                 in
                 Box
                 or
                 Myrtle
                 ;
                 and
                 how
                 few
                 in
                 Agriculture
                 ?
                 Whence
                 we
                 see
                 Kingdoms
                 abound
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 superfluous
                 Trifles
                 ,
                 and
                 want
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 are
                 most
                 necessary
                 .
                 Since
                 therefore
                 Labour
                 is
                 so
                 conducive
                 to
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 a
                 State
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 continual
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 be
                 hindred
                 by
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 
                 Holy-Days
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 through
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Pious
                 Levity
                 ,
                 dedicate
                 to
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 :
                 For
                 Experience
                 shews
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 are
                 more
                 employ'd
                 in
                 profane
                 Games
                 and
                 Sports
                 ,
                 than
                 Religious
                 Exercise
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 Labourers
                 would
                 spend
                 those
                 Days
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 read
                 St.
                 Isidore
                 of
                 Madrid
                 did
                 ,
                 't
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 hop'd
                 that
                 the
                 Time
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Angels
                 would
                 descend
                 and
                 hold
                 the
                 Plough
                 :
                 But
                 Experience
                 has
                 taught
                 us
                 the
                 contrary
                 .
                 One
                 Holy-day
                 in
                 which
                 all
                 Arts
                 and
                 Trade
                 ceases
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 considerable
                 than
                 any
                 Tax
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 as
                 St.
                 Chrysostom
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   Saints
                   take
                   no
                   delight
                   in
                   being
                   worshipp'd
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   Expence
                   of
                   the
                   Poor
                
                 3
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 Holy-Days
                 and
                 Working-Days
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 divided
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 those
                 might
                 not
                 hinder
                 the
                 other
                 4
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 argued
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Mentz
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Pope
                 Leo
                 III.
                 whether
                 't
                 was
                 not
                 better
                 either
                 to
                 reduce
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 less
                 Number
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 transferr
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 Sundays
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 generally
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 all
                 Actions
                 is
                 Rest
                 ,
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 otherwise
                 in
                 those
                 which
                 belong
                 to
                 Government
                 :
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 sufficient
                 for
                 Princes
                 and
                 States
                 to
                 labour
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Labour
                 must
                 also
                 be
                 continual
                 .
                 One
                 Hour's
                 Negligence
                 in
                 a
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 frustrates
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Vigilance
                 of
                 many
                 Months
                 .
                 The
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 supported
                 by
                 the
                 Labour
                 and
                 Valour
                 of
                 Six
                 Ages
                 ,
                 was
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 the
                 Negligence
                 of
                 a
                 few
                 Months
                 .
                 Spain
                 would
                 scarce
                 repair
                 the
                 Loss
                 in
                 Eight
                 Year
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 sustain'd
                 in
                 Eight
                 Months
                 .
                 There
                 should
                 be
                 no
                 Interposition
                 of
                 Idleness
                 between
                 the
                 Acquisition
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 Empires
                 .
                 The
                 Husbandman
                 has
                 no
                 sooner
                 got
                 his
                 Harvest
                 into
                 the
                 Barn
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 immediately
                 goes
                 to
                 Plough
                 again
                 ;
                 his
                 Labours
                 never
                 end
                 ,
                 but
                 continually
                 renew
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 should
                 rely
                 upon
                 his
                 Grainery
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 his
                 Lands
                 untill'd
                 ;
                 he
                 would
                 soon
                 find
                 one
                 empty
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 over-run
                 with
                 Weeds
                 and
                 Bryers
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 is
                 this
                 difference
                 between
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 
                 That
                 he
                 has
                 his
                 Set-times
                 of
                 Sowing
                 and
                 Reaping
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 not
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 Government
                 ,
                 all
                 Months
                 are
                 Septembers
                 to
                 Sow
                 ,
                 and
                 Augusts
                 to
                 Reap
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 Pains
                 and
                 Labours
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 excuse
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 Motion
                 must
                 be
                 continual
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 declining
                 things
                 surely
                 fall
                 ,
                 unless
                 supported
                 by
                 some
                 new
                 Force
                 ;
                 so
                 do
                 Empires
                 ,
                 unless
                 sustain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Successor
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 Cause
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 observ'd
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 Ruines
                 of
                 all
                 Kingdoms
                 .
                 When
                 any
                 Monarchy
                 shall
                 be
                 once
                 instituted
                 and
                 founded
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 ne'er
                 be
                 idle
                 ,
                 but
                 should
                 imitate
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 whose
                 Orbs
                 continue
                 their
                 Motion
                 from
                 their
                 first
                 Creation
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 once
                 stop
                 ,
                 the
                 Generation
                 and
                 Production
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 would
                 cease
                 .
                 The
                 Exercise
                 of
                 States
                 should
                 be
                 always
                 continual
                 and
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 be
                 corrupted
                 by
                 Idleness
                 or
                 Intermission
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 agitated
                 by
                 the
                 Winds
                 ,
                 is
                 kept
                 in
                 Motion
                 by
                 its
                 Tides
                 .
                 Citizens
                 who
                 carelesly
                 give
                 themselves
                 up
                 to
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 without
                 ever
                 moving
                 their
                 Hands
                 to
                 Work
                 or
                 Labour
                 ,
                 are
                 their
                 own
                 greatest
                 Enemies
                 .
                 Such
                 Idleness
                 plots
                 against
                 the
                 Laws
                 and
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 nourish'd
                 by
                 Vice
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 proceeds
                 all
                 the
                 Internal
                 and
                 External
                 Misfortunes
                 of
                 States
                 .
                 That
                 Repose
                 only
                 is
                 commendable
                 and
                 beneficial
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Gift
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 is
                 employ'd
                 in
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 Employments
                 and
                 Exercises
                 Military
                 and
                 Civil
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 all
                 enjoy
                 a
                 serene
                 ,
                 peaceable
                 and
                 secure
                 Tranquility
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Steel
                 would
                 lost
                 its
                 Spring
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 String
                 its
                 Force
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 Bow
                 were
                 always
                 bent
                 .
                 Labour
                 is
                 necessary
                 and
                 beneficial
                 ,
                 but
                 cannot
                 continue
                 without
                 some
                 intermission
                 .
                 The
                 Yoke
                 does
                 not
                 always
                 hang
                 upon
                 the
                 Oxe's
                 Neck
                 .
                 The
                 Force
                 and
                 Vigour
                 of
                 Things
                 consists
                 in
                 Vicissitude
                 .
                 From
                 Motion
                 comes
                 Rest
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 Motion
                 again
                 1
                 .
                 Nothing
                 ,
                 (
                 says
                 the
                 wise
                 
                   Alphonso
                   )
                   can
                   continue
                   long
                   ,
                   which
                   takes
                   no
                   Respite
                   .
                
                 Even
                 Land
                 must
                 be
                 Fallowed
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 afterwards
                 brings
                 better
                 Crops
                 .
                 Vertue
                 is
                 refresh'd
                 and
                 strengthned
                 by
                 Rest
                 2
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Stream
                 of
                 a
                 Fountain
                 
                 (
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 )
                 when
                 stopp'd
                 by
                 the
                 Hand
                 .
              
               
                 
                   A
                   seasonable
                   Rest
                   ,
                   Refreshment
                   gives
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   weary
                   Valour
                   ,
                   after
                   Ease
                   ,
                   revives
                   .
                
              
               
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 Day
                 and
                 Night
                 have
                 divided
                 the
                 Hours
                 into
                 Labour
                 and
                 Rest.
                 While
                 half
                 the
                 World
                 wakes
                 ,
                 th'
                 other
                 sleeps
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Ancients
                 feign'd
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 Iove
                 himself
                 sometimes
                 eas'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 by
                 laying
                 the
                 Burthen
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoulders
                 of
                 Atlas
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 Robust
                 Constitutions
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 continually
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Fatigues
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 Continual
                 Toil
                 weakens
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 besots
                 the
                 Mind
                 ;
                 so
                 does
                 also
                 too
                 much
                 Ease
                 3
                 .
                 It
                 should
                 be
                 therefore
                 only
                 as
                 a
                 Watering
                 to
                 Plants
                 ,
                 which
                 refreshes
                 ,
                 not
                 drowns
                 them
                 :
                 or
                 like
                 Sleep
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 if
                 moderate
                 ,
                 corroborates
                 ;
                 if
                 excessive
                 ,
                 rather
                 enervates
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 no
                 Diversions
                 better
                 than
                 those
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 recreate
                 and
                 instruct
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 as
                 does
                 the
                 Conversation
                 of
                 ingenious
                 and
                 learned
                 Persons
                 .
                 Such
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Adrian
                 always
                 entertain'd
                 at
                 his
                 Table
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 ,
                 Philostratus
                 call'd
                 ,
                 
                   A
                   Rendezvouz
                   of
                   the
                   Learned
                
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 ,
                 Pliny
                 commends
                 in
                 Trajan
                 ;
                 and
                 Lampridius
                 in
                 
                   Alexander
                   Severus
                
                 4
                 .
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 always
                 retir'd
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 after
                 Dinner
                 ,
                 into
                 another
                 Apartment
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 )
                 
                   feed
                   his
                   Mind
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   had
                   done
                   his
                   Body
                   .
                   Tiberius
                
                 never
                 travell'd
                 from
                 Rome
                 without
                 Nerva
                 and
                 Atticus
                 ,
                 Men
                 of
                 excellent
                 Learning
                 ,
                 to
                 direct
                 him
                 5
                 .
                 Francis
                 ,
                 the
                 First
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 learn'd
                 so
                 much
                 from
                 his
                 constant
                 and
                 continual
                 Conversation
                 with
                 such
                 learned
                 Men
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 apply'd
                 himself
                 to
                 Literature
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 would
                 discourse
                 very
                 pertinently
                 upon
                 any
                 Subject
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 commendable
                 Custom
                 is
                 out
                 of
                 date
                 ;
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 Princes
                 keep
                 Buffoons
                 ,
                 Jesters
                 ,
                 and
                 Ridiculous
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Entertainment
                 at
                 Table
                 .
                 The
                 Errors
                 and
                 Shame
                 of
                 Nature
                 are
                 become
                 now
                 their
                 Diversions
                 .
                 They
                 love
                 to
                 hear
                 themselves
                 prais'd
                 ,
                 though
                 undeservedly
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 Reason
                 and
                 Modesty
                 would
                 reject
                 those
                 Praises
                 ,
                 as
                 coming
                 from
                 some
                 Fool
                 ;
                 yet
                 Self-conceit
                 easily
                 receives
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Ears
                 being
                 by
                 degrees
                 us'd
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 soon
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 Flatterers
                 and
                 Pick-thanks
                 .
                 Their
                 Jests
                 impose
                 upon
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 being
                 generally
                 obscene
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 vicious
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 such
                 Buffoonry
                 can
                 divert
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 will
                 the
                 neat
                 and
                 witty
                 Discourses
                 of
                 the
                 Learned
                 ,
                 who
                 not
                 being
                 too
                 grave
                 and
                 rigid
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 sometimes
                 )
                 can
                 be
                 facetious
                 and
                 witty
                 upon
                 occasion
                 ?
                 If
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 Diversion
                 in
                 looking
                 upon
                 some
                 mishapen
                 ,
                 ridiculous
                 Monster
                 ;
                 What
                 Satisfaction
                 will
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 to
                 hear
                 of
                 the
                 prodigious
                 Works
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 discourse
                 of
                 her
                 Wonders
                 and
                 Secrets
                 ?
                 Athenaeus
                 mentions
                 of
                 Anacharsus
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 Buffoons
                 being
                 once
                 brought
                 to
                 Table
                 ,
                 to
                 promote
                 Mirth
                 ,
                 he
                 remain'd
                 grave
                 and
                 serious
                 ,
                 but
                 laught
                 heartily
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 an
                 Ape
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   th●●
                   Animal
                   was
                   naturally
                   ridiculous
                   ,
                   but
                   Man
                   only
                   by
                   Art
                   ,
                   and
                   base
                   Affectation
                
                 6
                 This
                 Composure
                 was
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 becoming
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 These
                 Fools
                 are
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Publick
                 Spies
                 in
                 Courts
                 ,
                 Corruptors
                 of
                 Manners
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 often
                 Plotters
                 against
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 State
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperors
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Alexander
                   Severus
                
                 ,
                 would
                 never
                 entertain
                 them
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 are
                 good
                 for
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 Truth
                 they
                 tell
                 the
                 Great
                 Ones
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Jest.
                 
              
               
                 Some
                 Princes
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Ambition
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 think
                 themselves
                 sufficiently
                 eas'd
                 ,
                 in
                 resting
                 
                 from
                 Matters
                 of
                 Importance
                 ,
                 and
                 employing
                 themselves
                 in
                 those
                 of
                 less
                 moment
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 Hair
                 of
                 a
                 Mad
                 Dog
                 cures
                 his
                 Bite
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 then
                 all
                 Minds
                 are
                 not
                 diverted
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Affair
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 ,
                 but
                 requires
                 Attention
                 enough
                 to
                 tire
                 the
                 Mind
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 sometimes
                 wholly
                 unemploy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 quit
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Trouble
                 and
                 Toil
                 of
                 Government
                 7
                 .
                 Business
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 mix'd
                 with
                 Diversion
                 and
                 Pastime
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Mind
                 may
                 neither
                 be
                 oppress'd
                 by
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 nor
                 enervated
                 by
                 the
                 latter
                 :
                 It
                 being
                 like
                 a
                 Mill
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 nothing
                 to
                 grind
                 ,
                 wears
                 out
                 it self
                 .
                 Pope
                 Innocent
                 VIII
                 .
                 sometimes
                 laid
                 by
                 the
                 Helm
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 diverted
                 himself
                 in
                 his
                 Garden
                 ,
                 in
                 planting
                 Trees
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 Truces
                 of
                 Repose
                 ,
                 Age
                 ,
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Quality
                 of
                 the
                 Diversion
                 ,
                 ought
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 consider'd
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 Gaiety
                 mayn't
                 be
                 offensive
                 to
                 Reserv'dness
                 ,
                 Ingenuity
                 to
                 Gravity
                 ,
                 nor
                 Recreation
                 to
                 Majesty
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 Pastimes
                 not
                 only
                 debase
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 diminish
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Authority
                 .
                 So
                 Artaxerxes
                 was
                 infamous
                 for
                 Spinning
                 ;
                 Viantes
                 ,
                 a
                 King
                 of
                 Lydia
                 ,
                 for
                 fishing
                 for
                 Frogs
                 ;
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 for
                 playing
                 at
                 Even
                 or
                 Odd
                 with
                 the
                 Boys
                 ;
                 Domitian
                 ,
                 for
                 killing
                 Flyes
                 with
                 a
                 Bodkin
                 ;
                 Solyman
                 ,
                 for
                 making
                 Pins
                 ;
                 and
                 Selim
                 ,
                 for
                 Embroidering
                 with
                 the
                 Women
                 .
                 While
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 young
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 Diversions
                 more
                 proper
                 than
                 such
                 as
                 confirm
                 the
                 Mind
                 and
                 Body
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 Fencing
                 ,
                 Horse-races
                 ,
                 Tennis
                 ,
                 and
                 Hunting
                 ;
                 and
                 also
                 those
                 Noble
                 Arts
                 of
                 Musick
                 and
                 Painting
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 elsewhere
                 commended
                 in
                 a
                 Prince's
                 Education
                 ;
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 requisite
                 to
                 refresh
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 when
                 exhausted
                 by
                 Assiduity
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 be
                 us'd
                 with
                 Moderation
                 :
                 So
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 waste
                 that
                 Time
                 therein
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 employ'd
                 in
                 Matters
                 of
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 diverted
                 himself
                 so
                 profitably
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 amidst
                 his
                 Recreations
                 he
                 forgot
                 not
                 his
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 but
                 while
                 a
                 Hawking
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 ear
                 to
                 the
                 Journals
                 and
                 Dispatches
                 which
                 his
                 Secretary
                 read
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 observ'd
                 the
                 Game
                 .
                 Emanuel
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 never
                 deny'd
                 Audience
                 amidst
                 his
                 Diversions
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 should
                 divert
                 himself
                 upon
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Dolphin
                 does
                 upon
                 the
                 Waves
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 deep
                 ,
                 not
                 seeking
                 the
                 quiet
                 Retreat
                 of
                 some
                 River
                 .
                 His
                 Repose
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 Idleness
                 ,
                 but
                 Refreshment
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 will
                 be
                 convenient
                 sometimes
                 to
                 entertain
                 the
                 People
                 with
                 Publick
                 Diversions
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 breath
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 return
                 more
                 vigorously
                 to
                 their
                 Work
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 their
                 Thoughts
                 are
                 employ'd
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 always
                 sad
                 and
                 melancholy
                 ,
                 they
                 turn
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 Magistracy
                 ;
                 whereas
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 allow'd
                 some
                 Refreshment
                 and
                 Recreation
                 ,
                 they
                 submit
                 their
                 Necks
                 to
                 any
                 Burthen
                 ;
                 and
                 losing
                 their
                 Heat
                 and
                 Restiness
                 ,
                 live
                 in
                 Obedience
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 Croesus
                 told
                 
                   Cyrus
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   must
                   learn
                   his
                
                 Lydians
                 
                   to
                   Sing
                   ,
                   Dance
                   ,
                   and
                   Revel
                   ,
                   if
                   he
                   would
                   keep
                   them
                   in
                   Obedience
                
                 8
                 .
                 These
                 Diversions
                 keep
                 the
                 People
                 as
                 firm
                 in
                 their
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 as
                 did
                 that
                 Method
                 of
                 Pharaoh
                 ,
                 in
                 employing
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Israel
                 in
                 making
                 Bricks
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 ,
                 Agricola
                 granted
                 the
                 Britains
                 many
                 of
                 these
                 Diversions
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 looked
                 upon
                 that
                 as
                 a
                 Favour
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Slavery
                 9
                 .
                 This
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 of
                 the
                 Tencteri
                 knew
                 ,
                 when
                 being
                 sent
                 to
                 Cologn
                 ,
                 they
                 propos'd
                 the
                 ●estitution
                 of
                 their
                 Ancient
                 Native
                 Customs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Abolition
                 of
                 those
                 Pleasures
                 which
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 introduced
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 subdu'd
                 more
                 than
                 by
                 Force
                 of
                 Arms
                 10
                 .
              
               
                 States
                 being
                 more
                 observant
                 of
                 this
                 Policy
                 ,
                 than
                 Princes
                 ,
                 permit
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 live
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 conniving
                 at
                 Vices
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 may
                 less
                 apprehend
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 more
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 that
                 way
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 taking
                 this
                 Licence
                 
                 for
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 they
                 being
                 ever
                 more
                 prone
                 to
                 a
                 Dissolute
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 Regular
                 way
                 of
                 living
                 11
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Policy
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 safest
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 People
                 have
                 once
                 laid
                 aside
                 Respect
                 for
                 Vertue
                 and
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 despise
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 almost
                 all
                 Mischiefs
                 in
                 States
                 proceed
                 from
                 Libertinism
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 sufficient
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 Tranquility
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 allow
                 them
                 some
                 honest
                 and
                 agreeable
                 Recreations
                 .
                 To
                 live
                 conformable
                 to
                 Government
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 but
                 Liberty
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 only
                 aim
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 conducive
                 to
                 convert
                 all
                 these
                 Diversions
                 into
                 such
                 Pastimes
                 as
                 exercise
                 the
                 Strength
                 ,
                 prohibiting
                 all
                 such
                 as
                 depend
                 upon
                 Luck
                 ,
                 as
                 pernicious
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 and
                 Subject
                 :
                 To
                 these
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 give
                 themselves
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 neglect
                 their
                 Business
                 ;
                 to
                 that
                 ,
                 because
                 by
                 such
                 Games
                 the
                 People
                 squander
                 away
                 their
                 Livelyhood
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 ,
                 through
                 Want
                 ,
                 are
                 necessitated
                 to
                 Plunder
                 and
                 Rebel
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Diseases
                 of
                 States
                 are
                 hidden
                 :
                 Nor
                 can
                 any
                 one
                 judge
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 their
                 present
                 Disposition
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 they
                 seem
                 in
                 full
                 Health
                 and
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 taken
                 ill
                 of
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 the
                 Distemper
                 breaking
                 out
                 when
                 least
                 thought
                 of
                 ;
                 like
                 the
                 Vapours
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 visible
                 till
                 gathered
                 into
                 Clouds
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 a
                 Prince
                 ought
                 carefully
                 to
                 remedy
                 the
                 first
                 Symptoms
                 ;
                 nor
                 are
                 they
                 to
                 be
                 slighted
                 ,
                 as
                 seeming
                 frivolous
                 and
                 distant
                 :
                 as
                 neither
                 the
                 first
                 Rumors
                 of
                 Ills
                 ,
                 though
                 to
                 appearance
                 never
                 so
                 unreasonable
                 .
                 Who
                 can
                 penetrate
                 the
                 unsetled
                 Designs
                 of
                 the
                 frantick
                 Mobb
                 ?
                 Upon
                 the
                 least
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 the
                 least
                 Shadow
                 of
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 or
                 Male-Administration
                 ,
                 it
                 rises
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 Arms
                 against
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 Seditions
                 arise
                 from
                 small
                 Causes
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 
                 proceed
                 to
                 greater
                 1
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 are
                 neglected
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 at
                 last
                 incurable
                 ;
                 they
                 spring
                 like
                 Rivers
                 from
                 small
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 flow
                 into
                 large
                 Streams
                 .
                 Their
                 Beginnings
                 always
                 create
                 too
                 much
                 Fear
                 ,
                 or
                 too
                 much
                 Confidence
                 2
                 .
                 These
                 Considerations
                 kept
                 Tiberius
                 in
                 suspence
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 notice
                 that
                 a
                 certain
                 Slave
                 pretended
                 to
                 be
                 Agrippa
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 raise
                 Commotions
                 in
                 the
                 Empire
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 doubt
                 whether
                 he
                 should
                 punish
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 hand
                 ,
                 or
                 let
                 Time
                 discover
                 the
                 Cheat
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 considering
                 that
                 nothing
                 should
                 be
                 slighted
                 ,
                 then
                 again
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 frighted
                 at
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 being
                 dubious
                 between
                 Shame
                 and
                 Fear
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 last
                 he
                 resolved
                 upon
                 a
                 Remedy
                 3
                 .
                 Certain
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Torrent
                 of
                 the
                 Mutinous
                 Mobb
                 is
                 so
                 rapid
                 ,
                 that
                 unless
                 Care
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 it
                 leaves
                 its
                 own
                 Channel
                 dry
                 ,
                 or
                 falls
                 into
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 the
                 Consequences
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 always
                 terrible
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 ,
                 if
                 taken
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 moderated
                 by
                 Accidents
                 and
                 Chance
                 ,
                 and
                 wholly
                 quash'd
                 by
                 Care
                 and
                 Prudence
                 4
                 .
                 Experience
                 shews
                 many
                 ways
                 to
                 appease
                 the
                 Commotions
                 and
                 Seditions
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 Chance
                 offers
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Inclination
                 of
                 the
                 Seditious
                 .
                 As
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 Drusus
                 ,
                 who
                 seeing
                 the
                 Legions
                 repent
                 of
                 their
                 having
                 Mutiny'd
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 an
                 Eclipse
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 which
                 happened
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 they
                 took
                 for
                 an
                 ill
                 Omen
                 ,
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 that
                 Inclination
                 to
                 appease
                 'em
                 5
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 also
                 
                   Herman
                   Cortez
                
                 did
                 ,
                 upon
                 another
                 Occasion
                 .
                 Nor
                 are
                 these
                 Means
                 to
                 be
                 slighted
                 as
                 frivolous
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Mobb
                 is
                 often
                 quieted
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Ease
                 it
                 is
                 rais'd
                 :
                 Neither
                 of
                 which
                 Motions
                 are
                 guided
                 by
                 Reason
                 .
                 A
                 blind
                 Hurry
                 puts
                 them
                 in
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 an
                 empty
                 Shadow
                 stops
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Art
                 lies
                 in
                 knowing
                 how
                 to
                 humour
                 their
                 Rage
                 ;
                 while
                 that
                 works
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 uncontrollable
                 ;
                 they
                 always
                 either
                 fear
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 fear'd
                 6
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 one
                 should
                 endeavour
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 set
                 ,
                 premeditated
                 Speech
                 ,
                 to
                 appease
                 and
                 quiet
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 lose
                 his
                 Time
                 and
                 Pains
                 .
                 A
                 sharp
                 Sentence
                 ,
                 or
                 severe
                 Check
                 ,
                 has
                 more
                 Force
                 than
                 all
                 the
                 Rhetorick
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 
                   Iulius
                   Caesar
                
                 with
                 one
                 Word
                 quash'd
                 a
                 Mutiny
                 among
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 
                   
                     *
                     —
                     Begone
                     ,
                     ye
                     Roman
                     Drones
                     ,
                  
                   
                     And
                     leave
                     our
                     Ensigns
                     to
                     be
                     born
                     by
                     Men.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 most
                 effectual
                 Means
                 to
                 pacifie
                 a
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 is
                 Division
                 ;
                 by
                 drawing
                 the
                 Heads
                 thereof
                 into
                 divers
                 Factions
                 and
                 Parties
                 .
                 This
                 Way
                 we
                 use
                 with
                 Bees
                 ,
                 whene'er
                 that
                 Wing'd
                 People
                 begin
                 to
                 Mutiny
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 even
                 that
                 Republick
                 has
                 its
                 Intestine
                 Broils
                 )
                 and
                 leaving
                 their
                 waxen
                 Houses
                 ,
                 begin
                 to
                 gather
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 by
                 throwing
                 a
                 little
                 Dust
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 soon
                 separated
                 :
                 
                   †
                   Throw
                   but
                   a
                   little
                   Sand
                   ,
                   they
                   settle
                   straight
                   .
                
                 Whence
                 the
                 Figure
                 and
                 Motto
                 of
                 this
                 present
                 Emblem
                 is
                 taken
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 this
                 Division
                 be
                 always
                 good
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 Prudence
                 thereby
                 to
                 prevent
                 Ills
                 e're
                 they
                 happen
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 remedy
                 them
                 afterwards
                 .
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 IV.
                 understanding
                 the
                 Commotions
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Galicia
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 giving
                 them
                 Commissions
                 ,
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Wars
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 us'd
                 to
                 send
                 all
                 turbulent
                 and
                 seditious
                 Men
                 to
                 their
                 Colonies
                 or
                 Armies
                 .
                 
                   Publius
                   Aemilius
                
                 transported
                 the
                 chief
                 Authors
                 of
                 Seditions
                 to
                 Italy
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 Charles
                 V.
                 did
                 the
                 Nobles
                 of
                 
                   Saxony
                   .
                   Rutilius
                
                 and
                 Germanicus
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 Punishing
                 some
                 Mutineers
                 ,
                 made
                 'em
                 Freemen
                 .
                 Drusus
                 appeas'd
                 the
                 Mutinous
                 Legions
                 ,
                 by
                 separating
                 them
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 7
                 .
                 Loyalty
                 ,
                 and
                 Military
                 
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 are
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 Division
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 hinders
                 Forces
                 and
                 Vices
                 from
                 joyning
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Armies
                 were
                 separated
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Galba
                 8
                 'T
                 is
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 think
                 it
                 requisite
                 to
                 prohibit
                 all
                 Cabals
                 and
                 Meetings
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Cause
                 ,
                 
                   Grand
                   Cairo
                
                 was
                 divided
                 into
                 several
                 Districts
                 or
                 Parishes
                 ,
                 by
                 very
                 high
                 Walls
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 might
                 not
                 so
                 easily
                 associate
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 that
                 has
                 so
                 long
                 preserv'd
                 Venice
                 in
                 quiet
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 all
                 its
                 Streets
                 are
                 divided
                 by
                 the
                 Sea.
                 Separation
                 makes
                 People
                 dubious
                 and
                 unresolv'd
                 ,
                 not
                 knowing
                 which
                 Part
                 is
                 safest
                 ;
                 but
                 without
                 that
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 all
                 unanimously
                 side
                 with
                 the
                 Strongest
                 9
                 .
                 This
                 made
                 Pisander
                 sow
                 Discord
                 among
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 divide
                 and
                 separate
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Military
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 sometimes
                 conducive
                 to
                 set
                 them
                 together
                 by
                 the
                 Ears
                 10
                 :
                 for
                 one
                 Mutiny
                 is
                 generally
                 remedied
                 by
                 another
                 .
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 was
                 advis'd
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 certain
                 Popular
                 Insurrection
                 ,
                 to
                 appease
                 the
                 Mobb
                 by
                 the
                 Mobb
                 11
                 ,
                 weakning
                 their
                 Force
                 by
                 Division
                 .
                 And
                 doubtless
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 meaning
                 of
                 that
                 Law
                 of
                 Solon
                 ,
                 which
                 Condemn'd
                 a
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 adhere
                 to
                 some
                 one
                 Party
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 is
                 rather
                 to
                 enflame
                 ,
                 than
                 quench
                 and
                 divide
                 it
                 ;
                 since
                 ,
                 at
                 this
                 rate
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 remain
                 none
                 who
                 might
                 be
                 Mediators
                 to
                 compose
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 another
                 effectual
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Presence
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 bravely
                 and
                 resolutely
                 confronting
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 foams
                 and
                 dashes
                 against
                 Rocks
                 and
                 Hills
                 ,
                 runs
                 smooth
                 upon
                 the
                 even
                 Sand
                 ;
                 so
                 is
                 the
                 Mobb
                 hush'd
                 and
                 quieted
                 by
                 the
                 serene
                 Presence
                 of
                 its
                 Prince
                 .
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Looks
                 ,
                 frighted
                 the
                 Actian
                 Legions
                 into
                 Obedience
                 12
                 .
                 
                 In
                 the
                 Disorders
                 of
                 the
                 German
                 Legions
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 look'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 they
                 shouted
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 again
                 they
                 cast
                 their
                 Eyes
                 upon
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 they
                 seemed
                 to
                 tremble
                 13
                 .
                 Sedition
                 is
                 soon
                 quash'd
                 by
                 Authority
                 and
                 Presence
                 .
                 As
                 the
                 Blood
                 hasts
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Part
                 wounded
                 ,
                 so
                 ought
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 assist
                 with
                 his
                 Presence
                 at
                 the
                 Disorders
                 of
                 his
                 State.
                 Majesty
                 easily
                 reduces
                 Subjects
                 to
                 their
                 Obedience
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 that
                 Nature
                 has
                 plac'd
                 a
                 certain
                 Occult
                 Force
                 ,
                 which
                 often
                 produces
                 wonderful
                 Effects
                 .
                 Certain
                 Conspirators
                 had
                 enter'd
                 the
                 very
                 Palace
                 of
                 Peter
                 IV.
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 upon
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 readily
                 going
                 to
                 meet
                 them
                 ,
                 quite
                 dash'd
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 .
                 The
                 Rebellion
                 in
                 the
                 Belgick
                 Provinces
                 had
                 never
                 gone
                 so
                 far
                 ,
                 had
                 Philip
                 II.
                 been
                 himself
                 upon
                 the
                 Spot
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Remedy
                 ought
                 well
                 to
                 be
                 weigh'd
                 and
                 consider'd
                 of
                 ,
                 whether
                 or
                 no
                 absolute
                 Necessity
                 requires
                 it
                 :
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 last
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 that
                 fails
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 other
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 Tiberius
                 sent
                 Drusus
                 and
                 Germanicus
                 to
                 compose
                 the
                 Mutinous
                 Legions
                 in
                 Hungary
                 14
                 .
                 The
                 Prince's
                 Presence
                 is
                 also
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 hated
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 the
                 Subjects
                 are
                 willing
                 and
                 eager
                 to
                 shake
                 off
                 the
                 Yoke
                 of
                 Obedience
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 any
                 Kingdom
                 be
                 divided
                 into
                 Factions
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 private
                 Grudges
                 of
                 Families
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 Prudence
                 to
                 prohibit
                 their
                 Names
                 from
                 being
                 mention'd
                 .
                 Thus
                 did
                 King
                 Francis
                 of
                 Navarr
                 ,
                 forbidding
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 upon
                 severe
                 Penalties
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 call'd
                 Agramont
                 or
                 Biamont
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 two
                 Families
                 in
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 at
                 continual
                 Enmity
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Dissatisfaction
                 and
                 Sedition
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Male-Administration
                 of
                 some
                 Minister
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Dust
                 more
                 effectual
                 to
                 appease
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Punishment
                 of
                 that
                 Person
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 impute
                 to
                 the
                 Minister
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 really
                 the
                 Prince's
                 fault
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rise
                 
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 their
                 Errour
                 must
                 have
                 its
                 free
                 course
                 ;
                 since
                 neither
                 Force
                 nor
                 Reason
                 can
                 stop
                 it
                 ,
                 without
                 greater
                 Detriment
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 Innocence
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 will
                 thereby
                 suffer
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 through
                 the
                 Prince's
                 fault
                 .
                 In
                 all
                 such
                 great
                 Accidents
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Remedy
                 without
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 compensated
                 by
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 15
                 .
                 Sedition
                 is
                 a
                 Poison
                 which
                 strikes
                 at
                 the
                 Heart
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 therefore
                 necessary
                 sometimes
                 to
                 lop
                 off
                 a
                 Limb
                 ,
                 to
                 save
                 the
                 Body
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Torrent
                 of
                 Fury
                 ,
                 though
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 Reason
                 and
                 Justice
                 .
                 Thus
                 did
                 Queen
                 Isabella
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Rising
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Sevill
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 they
                 insisted
                 upon
                 her
                 turning
                 
                   Andrew
                   Cabrera
                
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Office
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 running
                 on
                 to
                 further
                 Demands
                 ,
                 she
                 cut
                 'em
                 off
                 short
                 ;
                 Gentlemen
                 ,
                 says
                 she
                 ,
                 
                   what
                   you
                   demand
                   ,
                   I
                   had
                   before
                   resolv'd
                   on
                   ;
                   Go
                   ,
                   remove
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   Governor
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   all
                   my
                   other
                   Domesticks
                   .
                
                 By
                 which
                 Answer
                 ,
                 she
                 seem'd
                 to
                 command
                 that
                 which
                 she
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Mutineers
                 took
                 it
                 as
                 her
                 Favour
                 and
                 Kindness
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 satisfy'd
                 their
                 Rage
                 ,
                 by
                 tumbling
                 down
                 those
                 headlong
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 found
                 upon
                 the
                 Towers
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 quiet
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 she
                 ,
                 upon
                 Examining
                 the
                 Accusations
                 which
                 they
                 laid
                 to
                 the
                 Governor's
                 Charge
                 ,
                 finding
                 them
                 unjust
                 and
                 groundless
                 ,
                 restor'd
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Office.
                 When
                 the
                 Mutineers
                 think
                 that
                 the
                 Punishment
                 of
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Sedition
                 will
                 be
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 they
                 spare
                 none
                 ,
                 hoping
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 to
                 expiate
                 their
                 Crime
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 German
                 Legions
                 did
                 16
                 ;
                 though
                 Patience
                 and
                 Connivance
                 did
                 encrease
                 their
                 Insolence
                 17
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 you
                 grant
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 crave
                 ,
                 as
                 did
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 which
                 Flaccus
                 sent
                 to
                 Rome
                 18
                 :
                 Yet
                 this
                 chiefly
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Person
                 so
                 Granting
                 is
                 but
                 of
                 small
                 Authority
                 
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 Flaccus
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 despised
                 19
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 fore-mention'd
                 Case
                 of
                 Germanicus
                 ,
                 the
                 Demands
                 of
                 the
                 Mutineers
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 comply'd
                 with
                 ,
                 though
                 violent
                 and
                 unreasonable
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Fury
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 qualified
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 had
                 some
                 honourable
                 Pretence
                 ,
                 to
                 wave
                 their
                 Punishment
                 .
                 He
                 knew
                 the
                 Injustice
                 and
                 Inconvenience
                 of
                 a
                 general
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 of
                 necessity
                 involve
                 the
                 Innocent
                 :
                 But
                 though
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 wholly
                 be
                 avoided
                 ,
                 it
                 seemed
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 imputed
                 to
                 Chance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 Seditious
                 20
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 fault
                 of
                 the
                 Minister
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 excused
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 when
                 by
                 Popular
                 Constraint
                 he
                 becomes
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Sedition
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Fury
                 begins
                 to
                 abate
                 ,
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 reduce
                 them
                 to
                 Obedience
                 .
                 So
                 Spurinna
                 gave
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 Rage
                 ,
                 and
                 pretended
                 to
                 Countenance
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 preserve
                 his
                 Authority
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 repent
                 21
                 .
              
               
                 Sometimes
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 upon
                 pretence
                 of
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 Liberties
                 and
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 encroach
                 upon
                 the
                 Royal
                 Prerogative
                 :
                 A
                 piece
                 of
                 Arrogance
                 that
                 ought
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 to
                 be
                 connived
                 at
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 thence
                 become
                 more
                 saucy
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Case
                 ,
                 the
                 Punishment
                 of
                 the
                 Delinquents
                 should
                 be
                 speedy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Promoters
                 stuck
                 up
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Terrour
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 least
                 think
                 on
                 't
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 quells
                 their
                 Insolence
                 more
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Punishment
                 of
                 their
                 Leaders
                 22
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 an
                 approved
                 Truth
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Mobb
                 dare
                 attempt
                 nothing
                 without
                 them
                 23
                 .
              
               
               
                 Ramirus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 being
                 embroil'd
                 in
                 the
                 Insurrections
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 ask'd
                 Advice
                 of
                 the
                 Abbot
                 of
                 Tomer
                 :
                 Who
                 gave
                 him
                 no
                 Answer
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 his
                 Switch
                 ,
                 imitating
                 Periander
                 24
                 ,
                 lopt
                 off
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Tallest
                 Flowers
                 in
                 his
                 Garden
                 ,
                 (
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 then
                 walking
                 )
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 shew'd
                 him
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 Beheading
                 the
                 chief
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 Rebellion
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 Peace
                 to
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 was
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 
                   Don
                   Lopez
                   Barrientos
                
                 ,
                 to
                 King
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 Yet
                 will
                 it
                 be
                 convenient
                 to
                 use
                 this
                 Method
                 with
                 such
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Execution
                 may
                 fall
                 but
                 on
                 few
                 :
                 But
                 those
                 who
                 cannot
                 be
                 punish'd
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 conniv'd
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 dealt
                 with
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 their
                 Affections
                 may
                 be
                 gain'd
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 read
                 Otho
                 did
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 Army
                 Mutiny'd
                 25
                 .
                 Severity
                 with
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 appeases
                 all
                 Commotions
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Bad
                 begin
                 to
                 fear
                 ,
                 the
                 Good
                 will
                 obey
                 ;
                 as
                 Vocula
                 found
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 general
                 Mutiny
                 of
                 the
                 Legions
                 ,
                 punish'd
                 but
                 one
                 Man
                 26
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Method
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 Punishment
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 mild
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 People
                 occasion
                 to
                 resent
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 National
                 Grievance
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 would
                 make
                 them
                 more
                 Resolute
                 .
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Miseries
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 so
                 grievous
                 to
                 the
                 Germans
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 Trophy
                 which
                 Germanicus
                 erected
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 the
                 Rebellious
                 Provinces
                 27
                 .
                 Ferdinand
                 Duke
                 d'Alba
                 did
                 not
                 forget
                 this
                 Precept
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 erected
                 a
                 Statue
                 of
                 the
                 Rebels
                 Heads
                 :
                 Nor
                 had
                 he
                 omitted
                 it
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 read
                 or
                 heard
                 ,
                 that
                 Vitellius
                 would
                 not
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 
                   Iulius
                   Civilis
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Authority
                 among
                 the
                 Dutch
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 thereby
                 alienate
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 that
                 
                 Warlike
                 People
                 28
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 thought
                 a
                 severe
                 Animadversion
                 more
                 proper
                 :
                 which
                 nevertheless
                 created
                 no
                 Disturbance
                 ;
                 though
                 there
                 were
                 not
                 wanting
                 those
                 who
                 urg'd
                 it
                 as
                 an
                 Aggravation
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 that
                 People
                 revolt
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 Disobedience
                 ,
                 which
                 proceeds
                 from
                 a
                 too
                 zealous
                 and
                 inconsiderate
                 Fidelity
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 case
                 the
                 Subjects
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 by
                 benign
                 and
                 mild
                 Means
                 .
                 Such
                 as
                 Iohn
                 II.
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 us'd
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Insurrection
                 at
                 Barcelona
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 Prince
                 Charles
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 wrote
                 to
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 That
                 unless
                 compell'd
                 by
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 never
                 use
                 violent
                 Methods
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 use
                 them
                 as
                 his
                 own
                 Children
                 .
                 This
                 Mildness
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Promise
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 reduced
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 their
                 Devoir
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 ought
                 always
                 to
                 discover
                 an
                 Inclination
                 to
                 Clemency
                 ;
                 for
                 without
                 Hopes
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 Criminals
                 grow
                 desperate
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 ,
                 Valentinus
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 mov'd
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Treves
                 to
                 a
                 Rebellion
                 ,
                 order'd
                 the
                 Roman
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 be
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Despair
                 ,
                 strengthen
                 his
                 Crime
                 29
                 .
                 Sedition
                 turns
                 to
                 Obstinacy
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Hopes
                 of
                 Pardon
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Seditious
                 had
                 rather
                 die
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 than
                 Malefactors
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 account
                 ,
                 those
                 who
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Faction
                 of
                 Vitellius
                 ,
                 were
                 Pardon'd
                 30
                 .
                 This
                 Generosity
                 is
                 particularly
                 necessary
                 in
                 Insurrections
                 of
                 the
                 Mobb
                 .
                 This
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Holy
                
                 us'd
                 in
                 the
                 Commotions
                 of
                 Castile
                 ;
                 and
                 Iohn
                 I.
                 in
                 the
                 Convention
                 of
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 Guadalajara
                 ,
                 pardoning
                 all
                 those
                 who
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Portuguese
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 a
                 Prince
                 has
                 lost
                 his
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 in
                 contempt
                 with
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 then
                 ,
                 I
                 confess
                 ,
                 Clemency
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 small
                 use
                 :
                 nay
                 ,
                 those
                 very
                 Remedies
                 which
                 should
                 cure
                 these
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 do
                 more
                 exulcerate
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 them
                 incurable
                 .
                 For
                 his
                 Authority
                 once
                 
                 lost
                 ,
                 he
                 can
                 neither
                 maintain
                 the
                 Severity
                 of
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 nor
                 terrifie
                 the
                 Offenders
                 by
                 Example
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 his
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 prudently
                 as
                 he
                 can
                 ,
                 circumvent
                 them
                 by
                 Policy
                 and
                 Stratagem
                 .
                 Thus
                 Vocula
                 did
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 he
                 was
                 unable
                 to
                 punish
                 the
                 Mutinous
                 Legions
                 31
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 King
                 Iohn
                 II.
                 releas'd
                 those
                 Noblemen
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 Prison
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 are
                 those
                 Favours
                 and
                 Benefits
                 more
                 effectual
                 in
                 appeasing
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 which
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 Prince
                 who
                 has
                 lost
                 his
                 Reputation
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Receiver
                 either
                 imputes
                 them
                 to
                 Cowardice
                 ,
                 or
                 persists
                 in
                 Rebellion
                 to
                 preserve
                 them
                 32
                 ;
                 and
                 sometimes
                 sets
                 up
                 another
                 King
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 Protection
                 he
                 may
                 enjoy
                 them
                 :
                 As
                 did
                 those
                 who
                 Conspired
                 against
                 King
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 for
                 they
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 obliged
                 by
                 his
                 Favours
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 numerous
                 .
                 When
                 a
                 Prince
                 resolves
                 to
                 quench
                 the
                 Fire
                 of
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 conducive
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Resolutions
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 not
                 from
                 the
                 Persuasions
                 of
                 others
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 generally
                 more
                 Incens'd
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 find
                 the
                 Prince
                 does
                 nothing
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Instigation
                 of
                 his
                 Ministers
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 a
                 General
                 Pardon
                 is
                 once
                 granted
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 punctually
                 to
                 observe
                 it
                 ,
                 wholly
                 forgetting
                 all
                 former
                 Offences
                 and
                 Injuries
                 ;
                 for
                 otherwise
                 he
                 would
                 give
                 occasion
                 for
                 fresh
                 Commotions
                 :
                 As
                 Ferdinand
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 did
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 offer'd
                 to
                 punish
                 some
                 Noblemen
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 already
                 pardon'd
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 had
                 put
                 themselves
                 under
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 afterwards
                 found
                 Delinquent
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 punish'd
                 with
                 the
                 utmost
                 Rigour
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 to
                 curb
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 prevent
                 others
                 from
                 abusing
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Authority
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Remedies
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 useful
                 than
                 Expedition
                 33
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 People
                 grow
                 
                 Arrogant
                 and
                 Saucy
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Insolence
                 meets
                 wi●h
                 no
                 Check
                 nor
                 Opposition
                 .
                 Time
                 confirms
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 Dubious
                 declare
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 endangers
                 the
                 most
                 Loyal
                 .
                 Therefore
                 Artabanus
                 endeavoured
                 ,
                 with
                 utmost
                 Speed
                 and
                 Diligence
                 ,
                 to
                 compose
                 the
                 Commotions
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 34
                 .
                 As
                 Seditions
                 are
                 suddenly
                 raised
                 ,
                 they
                 ought
                 suddenly
                 to
                 be
                 remedied
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 more
                 need
                 of
                 Action
                 than
                 of
                 Consultation
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Venom
                 takes
                 Root
                 and
                 spreads
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 once
                 us'd
                 to
                 Murther
                 ,
                 Rapine
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Ills
                 that
                 Sedition
                 brings
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 recall
                 and
                 pacifie
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 King
                 Henry
                 well
                 knew
                 ,
                 when
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 King
                 Peter
                 ,
                 he
                 immediately
                 seized
                 upon
                 the
                 chief
                 Cities
                 and
                 Garrisons
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 Diligence
                 ,
                 soon
                 establish'd
                 its
                 Tranquility
                 .
              
               
                 Seditions
                 therefore
                 ,
                 and
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 being
                 Distempers
                 which
                 consume
                 the
                 Life
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 35
                 ,
                 and
                 enervate
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Losses
                 which
                 he
                 receives
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Gratuities
                 which
                 he
                 is
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 give
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 to
                 compose
                 them
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 .
                 This
                 mov'd
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 to
                 agree
                 with
                 Alphonso
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Pretensions
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Castile
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 such
                 Disorders
                 ,
                 the
                 Weakest
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 Oppress'd
                 ,
                 are
                 strongest
                 36
                 .
                 Princes
                 are
                 at
                 the
                 Discretion
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 their
                 Arms
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 have
                 more
                 Authority
                 than
                 their
                 Commanders
                 37
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXIV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 ANIMALS
                 naturally
                 endeavour
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 Individuals
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 they
                 injure
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 generally
                 from
                 that
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 certain
                 Natural
                 Fierceness
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Reason
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 Man
                 ,
                 animated
                 with
                 that
                 Celestial
                 Flame
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 him
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 ,
                 easily
                 persuades
                 himself
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 born
                 only
                 to
                 live
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 enjoy
                 all
                 those
                 Things
                 ,
                 even
                 beyond
                 the
                 Bounds
                 which
                 Reason
                 has
                 prescribed
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Imagination
                 being
                 cheated
                 by
                 the
                 false
                 Appearance
                 of
                 Good
                 ,
                 seeks
                 this
                 Enjoyment
                 in
                 several
                 Objects
                 ,
                 and
                 therein
                 places
                 his
                 Felicity
                 and
                 Satisfaction
                 .
                 Some
                 think
                 it
                 consists
                 in
                 Riches
                 ,
                 others
                 in
                 Dainties
                 and
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 others
                 in
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 
                 one
                 in
                 what
                 the
                 Errors
                 of
                 his
                 Appetite
                 or
                 Fancy
                 suggest
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Enjoyment
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 apply
                 those
                 Means
                 which
                 their
                 rambling
                 and
                 unquiet
                 Minds
                 prompt
                 'em
                 to
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 unjust
                 1
                 .
                 Whence
                 proceed
                 Murthers
                 ,
                 Rapine
                 ,
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 Man
                 the
                 most
                 unjust
                 of
                 all
                 Animals
                 :
                 And
                 since
                 one
                 cannot
                 be
                 secure
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 several
                 kind
                 of
                 Arms
                 were
                 invented
                 ,
                 to
                 repell
                 Villany
                 ,
                 and
                 preserve
                 Innocence
                 and
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 War
                 was
                 introduced
                 into
                 the
                 World
                 2
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 Original
                 of
                 this
                 Monster
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 came
                 from
                 Hell
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Fall
                 of
                 the
                 Rebellious
                 Angels
                 .
                 War
                 is
                 so
                 hateful
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 permit
                 David
                 ,
                 as
                 Just
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 to
                 build
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 shed
                 much
                 Blood
                 3
                 .
                 All
                 good
                 Princes
                 dread
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 knowing
                 the
                 various
                 Events
                 and
                 Success
                 thereof
                 4
                 .
                 War
                 disturbs
                 the
                 Order
                 and
                 Harmony
                 of
                 States
                 ;
                 changes
                 Religion
                 ,
                 violates
                 Justice
                 ,
                 silences
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 destroys
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Relation
                 ,
                 makes
                 Arts
                 forgot
                 ,
                 Agriculture
                 cease
                 ,
                 ruines
                 Trade
                 ,
                 depopulates
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 alters
                 Governments
                 .
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 calls
                 Wars
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Alienation
                   from
                   Peace
                   ,
                   the
                   Disturber
                   of
                   Quiet
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Destruction
                   of
                   Order
                   .
                
                 A
                 Civil
                 War
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 Burning
                 Fever
                 ,
                 which
                 soon
                 scorches
                 up
                 the
                 State
                 :
                 A
                 Foreign
                 War
                 cuts
                 its
                 Veins
                 ,
                 and
                 dreins
                 it
                 of
                 its
                 Riches
                 ,
                 Strength
                 and
                 Vigour
                 .
                 War
                 is
                 a
                 Vice
                 contrary
                 to
                 Reason
                 ,
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 Man
                 ;
                 for
                 God
                 created
                 him
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Image
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 here
                 below
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 destroy
                 them
                 by
                 War
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 preserve
                 'em
                 by
                 Peace
                 :
                 He
                 did
                 not
                 create
                 him
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 but
                 Peace
                 ;
                 not
                 for
                 Rage
                 ,
                 but
                 Quiet
                 ;
                 not
                 to
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 Preserve
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 he
                 sent
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 World
                 Naked
                 ,
                 without
                 Arms
                 to
                 offend
                 others
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 thick
                 Hide
                 to
                 defend
                 himself
                 ;
                 so
                 indigent
                 of
                 the
                 Assistance
                 and
                 Government
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 in
                 his
                 most
                 flourishing
                 Estate
                 he
                 can't
                 subsist
                 without
                 foreign
                 Aid
                 .
                 This
                 Necessity
                 oblig'd
                 
                 him
                 to
                 Society
                 ,
                 and
                 Civil
                 Correspondence
                 ;
                 from
                 which
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Joint-Labour
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 supply'd
                 with
                 necessary
                 Conveniencies
                 for
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 Politick
                 Felicity
                 might
                 unite
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 firmest
                 Bonds
                 of
                 mutual
                 Friendship
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 one
                 Country
                 ,
                 haughty
                 with
                 its
                 own
                 Riches
                 ,
                 might
                 not
                 disdain
                 Communication
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 he
                 has
                 shar'd
                 his
                 Blessings
                 among
                 all
                 ;
                 Wheat
                 he
                 has
                 given
                 to
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 Wine
                 to
                 Crete
                 ,
                 Purple
                 to
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 Silk
                 to
                 Calabria
                 ,
                 Aromaticks
                 to
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 to
                 Spain
                 and
                 the
                 West-Indies
                 ;
                 Diamonds
                 ,
                 Pearls
                 and
                 Spices
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 East-Indies
                 .
                 The
                 Desire
                 and
                 Want
                 of
                 the
                 Riches
                 and
                 Rarities
                 creating
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 became
                 as
                 one
                 common
                 House
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 understand
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 this
                 Correspondence
                 ,
                 and
                 mutually
                 express
                 their
                 Affections
                 of
                 Love
                 and
                 Benevolence
                 ,
                 he
                 endued
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Voice
                 Articulate
                 ,
                 smooth
                 and
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 to
                 explain
                 their
                 Conceptions
                 ;
                 Laughter
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 their
                 Satisfaction
                 ;
                 Tears
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 their
                 Sorrow
                 ;
                 Hands
                 ,
                 to
                 exert
                 their
                 Faith
                 and
                 Liberality
                 ;
                 Knees
                 ,
                 their
                 Submission
                 and
                 Obedience
                 :
                 Which
                 are
                 all
                 Tokens
                 of
                 a
                 Civil
                 ,
                 Benign
                 ,
                 and
                 Pacifick
                 Animal
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 Animals
                 which
                 Nature
                 designed
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 she
                 created
                 with
                 Arms
                 Offensive
                 and
                 Defensive
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 Lion
                 she
                 has
                 given
                 Claws
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Eagle
                 Talons
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Elephant
                 a
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Bull
                 Horns
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Bear
                 Fangs
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Porcupine
                 sharp
                 Quills
                 ;
                 she
                 has
                 made
                 Adders
                 and
                 Vipers
                 formidable
                 by
                 their
                 Poison
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 consists
                 in
                 our
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Security
                 in
                 our
                 Fear
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 Reason
                 ,
                 she
                 has
                 cloathed
                 almost
                 all
                 Beasts
                 with
                 a
                 thick
                 Skin
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 ;
                 the
                 Crocadile
                 with
                 a
                 Breast-Plate
                 ,
                 Serpents
                 with
                 a
                 Coat
                 of
                 Mail
                 ,
                 Scorpions
                 with
                 Scales
                 :
                 She
                 has
                 given
                 all
                 an
                 Aspect
                 terrible
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Voice
                 horrible
                 and
                 dreadful
                 .
                 Let
                 therefore
                 Savage
                 War
                 be
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 for
                 Man
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 Reason
                 is
                 predominate
                 over
                 Rage
                 .
                 Nature
                 has
                 hid
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Steel
                 ,
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 lest
                 Men
                 should
                 make
                 ill
                 Use
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 Revenge
                 or
                 Injustice
                 has
                 found
                 them
                 even
                 there
                 ,
                 some
                 for
                 the
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 for
                 the
                 Price
                 
                 of
                 Murther
                 5
                 .
                 Great
                 Abuse
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 to
                 employ
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 to
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 given
                 for
                 its
                 Preservation
                 !
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 many
                 Men
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 )
                 more
                 Savage
                 than
                 the
                 very
                 Beasts
                 themselves
                 ,
                 are
                 more
                 sway'd
                 by
                 Lust
                 and
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 than
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 unjustly
                 covet
                 to
                 oppress
                 and
                 govern
                 others
                 ,
                 War
                 became
                 necessary
                 for
                 Natural
                 Defence
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 being
                 two
                 Methods
                 of
                 deciding
                 Matters
                 ,
                 one
                 by
                 Justice
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 common
                 to
                 all
                 Animals
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 one
                 can't
                 be
                 us'd
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 must
                 6
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 Cause
                 and
                 Intention
                 be
                 just
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 lawful
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 also
                 nothing
                 should
                 be
                 resolv'd
                 on
                 ,
                 without
                 due
                 Deliberation
                 .
                 So
                 the
                 Athenians
                 us'd
                 to
                 consult
                 their
                 Orators
                 and
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Legality
                 of
                 their
                 Wars
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 our
                 Power
                 to
                 begin
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 to
                 end
                 them
                 ;
                 he
                 who
                 undertakes
                 them
                 in
                 haste
                 ,
                 will
                 repent
                 at
                 leisure
                 .
                 War
                 (
                 says
                 King
                 
                   Alphonso
                   )
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   well
                   weigh'd
                   e're
                   't
                   is
                   begun
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   agreeable
                   to
                   Reason
                   and
                   Iustice
                   ;
                   for
                   from
                   hence
                   proceed
                   three
                   great
                   Advantages
                   :
                   The
                   first
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   God
                   favours
                   those
                   who
                   do
                   so
                   :
                   The
                   second
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   they
                   themselves
                   are
                   more
                   encourag'd
                   ,
                   upon
                   Confidence
                   of
                   their
                   Iustice
                   :
                   The
                   third
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   those
                   who
                   know
                   it
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   are
                   Friends
                   ,
                   join
                   more
                   chearfully
                   ;
                   if
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   the
                   less
                   hopes
                   of
                   Success
                
                 *
                 .
                 War
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 undertaken
                 for
                 slight
                 and
                 frivolous
                 Matters
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 those
                 which
                 mov'd
                 Xerxes
                 to
                 bring
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lumbards
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Irruption
                 into
                 Italy
                 .
                 That
                 Prince
                 is
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 who
                 wages
                 War
                 for
                 another
                 State
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 Just
                 and
                 Commendable
                 ,
                 who
                 does
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Recovery
                 of
                 unjust
                 Usurpations
                 ;
                 in
                 such
                 case
                 especially
                 where
                 Justice
                 cannot
                 be
                 
                 obtained
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 or
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 securely
                 decided
                 by
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Book
                 so
                 subject
                 to
                 Deceit
                 and
                 Cavil
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 Success
                 of
                 War
                 is
                 a
                 Just
                 Judge
                 ,
                 giving
                 the
                 Right
                 of
                 Victory
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 belongs
                 .
                 King
                 Philip
                 II.
                 was
                 so
                 desirous
                 to
                 clear
                 his
                 Right
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 King
                 Sebastian
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 having
                 had
                 the
                 Opinions
                 of
                 many
                 Divines
                 and
                 Lawyers
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Army
                 being
                 then
                 upon
                 the
                 Frontiers
                 ,
                 he
                 stopp'd
                 ,
                 to
                 conferr
                 with
                 them
                 further
                 about
                 it
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 who
                 desires
                 gradually
                 to
                 raise
                 his
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 may
                 do
                 it
                 by
                 War
                 ,
                 provided
                 he
                 has
                 just
                 Occasion
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 already
                 in
                 quiet
                 Possession
                 of
                 a
                 competent
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 ought
                 diligently
                 to
                 consider
                 how
                 he
                 engages
                 himself
                 in
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 endeavour
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 possible
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 it
                 by
                 honourable
                 Means
                 ,
                 without
                 loss
                 of
                 Authority
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 he
                 loses
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Refusal
                 will
                 rather
                 kindle
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Rodolphus
                 I.
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   't
                   was
                   more
                   commendable
                   to
                   Govern
                   a
                   State
                   well
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   Enlarge
                   it
                   .
                
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 less
                 Glorious
                 for
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 preserve
                 Peace
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 Conquer
                 in
                 War.
                 Happy
                 is
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 Arms
                 maintains
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 Lances
                 support
                 the
                 Vines
                 and
                 Olive-Trees
                 ;
                 where
                 Ceres
                 is
                 protected
                 by
                 
                 Bellona's
                 Head-piece
                 .
                 The
                 greater
                 the
                 Courage
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 averse
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 War
                 ,
                 as
                 knowing
                 to
                 what
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 obliged
                 .
                 Many
                 times
                 ,
                 Cowards
                 advise
                 and
                 promote
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Brave
                 act
                 it
                 8
                 .
                 If
                 War
                 is
                 commenc'd
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 what
                 need
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 may
                 enjoy
                 this
                 ?
                 The
                 Choice
                 of
                 it
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 Force
                 or
                 Necessity
                 9
                 .
                 The
                 Ancients
                 feign'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Pallas
                 was
                 born
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 Iupiter
                 ;
                 to
                 intimate
                 ,
                 that
                 War
                 ought
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 not
                 from
                 the
                 Perverseness
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 .
                 Sebastian
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 who
                 carried
                 it
                 into
                 Africk
                 ,
                 more
                 by
                 the
                 
                 impulse
                 of
                 his
                 Courage
                 than
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Blood
                 imprinted
                 on
                 those
                 Sands
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 this
                 Precept
                 .
                 The
                 Bees
                 don't
                 chuse
                 an
                 armed
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 mayn't
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 neglect
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 State
                 ,
                 for
                 foreign
                 Conquests
                 .
                 If
                 Francis
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 Gustavus
                 King
                 of
                 Sweden
                 ,
                 had
                 duly
                 consider'd
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 taken
                 at
                 Pavia
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 last
                 kill'd
                 at
                 Lutzen
                 .
                 Ambition
                 of
                 Rule
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 begins
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 many
                 States
                 .
                 This
                 Hanibal
                 knew
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 told
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 That
                 '
                 
                   t
                   would
                   have
                   been
                   better
                   ,
                   had
                   the
                   Gods
                   given
                   Men
                   more
                   modest
                   Thoughts
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                
                 Romans
                 
                   might
                   be
                   content
                   with
                
                 Italy
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 with
                 Africk
                 .
              
               
                 Great
                 Princes
                 ought
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 War
                 with
                 their
                 utmost
                 Power
                 and
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 the
                 sooner
                 end
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Romans
                 did
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Protraction
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 both
                 chargeable
                 and
                 dangerous
                 .
                 The
                 Enemy
                 is
                 also
                 thereby
                 disciplin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 forewarn'd
                 ,
                 and
                 encouraged
                 .
                 Power
                 ,
                 without
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 loses
                 its
                 Esteem
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 two
                 Wars
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 commenc'd
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Forces
                 being
                 divided
                 ,
                 they
                 can't
                 be
                 ended
                 so
                 soon
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 any
                 Power
                 sufficient
                 to
                 maintain
                 'em
                 long
                 ,
                 nor
                 Subjects
                 capable
                 to
                 Command
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 ever
                 endeavoured
                 ,
                 as
                 do
                 the
                 Turks
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 engaged
                 in
                 two
                 Wars
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 were
                 grounded
                 the
                 Threats
                 of
                 Corbulo
                 to
                 the
                 Parthians
                 ;
                 telling
                 them
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   all
                   the
                   Empire
                   enjoy'd
                   a
                   firm
                   Peace
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   they
                   had
                   only
                   that
                   War
                
                 10
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 MEDEA
                 (
                 to
                 facilitate
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Golden
                   Fleece
                
                 )
                 sowed
                 Serpents
                 Teeth
                 in
                 Col●hos
                 ,
                 whence
                 immediately
                 sprang
                 Troops
                 of
                 armed
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 falling
                 together
                 by
                 the
                 ears
                 ,
                 destroyed
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 So
                 some
                 Princes
                 and
                 States
                 ,
                 the
                 pernicious
                 Medea's
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 sow
                 Discord
                 among
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 reap
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 the
                 Fruit
                 thereof
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 States
                 1
                 .
                 They
                 think
                 to
                 enjoy
                 themselves
                 that
                 Repose
                 which
                 they
                 molest
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Event
                 proves
                 contrary
                 .
                 Cosmographers
                 say
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Aequilibrium
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 Equidistant
                 from
                 the
                 Center
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 least
                 Weight
                 moves
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 War
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 so
                 distant
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 changes
                 the
                 Center
                 of
                 Rest
                 of
                 other
                 Kingdoms
                 .
                 War
                 is
                 a
                 raging
                 Fire
                 ,
                 which
                 kindled
                 in
                 one
                 Place
                 ,
                 runs
                 on
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 often
                 to
                 its
                 own
                 Home
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Wind
                 drives
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 prudent
                 Farmer
                 dreads
                 the
                 Storm
                 he
                 sees
                 gathering
                 upon
                 the
                 Mountain's
                 top
                 ,
                 though
                 at
                 never
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 distance
                 :
                 Much
                 greater
                 need
                 has
                 he
                 to
                 fear
                 ,
                 who
                 raises
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 supplying
                 it
                 with
                 Vapours
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 foment
                 the
                 Dutch
                 Power
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 may
                 in
                 time
                 repent
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Yoke
                 of
                 their
                 Slavery
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 befell
                 those
                 who
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Rise
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Grandeur
                 .
                 The
                 Venetians
                 ,
                 jealous
                 of
                 the
                 Portuguese
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 by
                 their
                 Voyages
                 they
                 depriv'd
                 'em
                 of
                 the
                 Traffick
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 East-Indies
                 ,
                 sent
                 an
                 Embassador
                 against
                 them
                 to
                 Cairo
                 ,
                 and
                 Engineers
                 and
                 Carpenters
                 to
                 arm
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Cal●cut
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 persuading
                 the
                 Dutch
                 to
                 oppose
                 their
                 Passage
                 by
                 the
                 Cape
                 of
                 
                   Good
                   Hope
                
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 having
                 comply'd
                 with
                 their
                 Desires
                 ,
                 and
                 establish'd
                 their
                 own
                 Factories
                 and
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 quite
                 disappointed
                 the
                 Republick
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 better
                 have
                 left
                 the
                 Portuguese
                 Trade
                 free
                 ,
                 since
                 so
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 to
                 Import
                 the
                 Eastern
                 Commodities
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 brought
                 to
                 their
                 Ports
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 might
                 with
                 more
                 Industry
                 and
                 Profit
                 disperse
                 over
                 Europe
                 .
                 Thus
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 Means
                 which
                 humane
                 Prudence
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 for
                 its
                 own
                 Safety
                 ,
                 turn
                 to
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 the
                 Author
                 .
                 The
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Savoy
                 and
                 Parma
                 thought
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 War
                 in
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Milan
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 one
                 utterly
                 ruin'd
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 made
                 his
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 War.
                 Ill
                 Advice
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Goodness
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 made
                 him
                 fearful
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 diffident
                 of
                 his
                 Mother
                 and
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 being
                 persuaded
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 War
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 subsist
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Preservation
                 depended
                 upon
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 (
                 with
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 engag'd
                 in
                 Civil
                 Broils
                 )
                 Clouds
                 which
                 created
                 a
                 general
                 Tempest
                 against
                 all
                 Christendom
                 ;
                 the
                 
                   Rhine
                   ,
                   Moselle
                   ,
                   Danube
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Elbe
                 ,
                 being
                 summoned
                 to
                 
                 his
                 Assistance
                 .
                 He
                 foments
                 the
                 Clouds
                 in
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   Holland
                
                 and
                 Denmark
                 .
                 He
                 breaks
                 the
                 Ice
                 of
                 Sweden
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 pass
                 the
                 Baltick
                 Sea
                 by
                 those
                 Northern
                 Streights
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 Empire
                 3
                 .
                 He
                 thaws
                 the
                 Snows
                 of
                 the
                 Switzers
                 and
                 Grisons
                 ,
                 and
                 scatters
                 them
                 through
                 Germany
                 and
                 Italy
                 .
                 He
                 turns
                 the
                 River
                 Po
                 upon
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 summoning
                 the
                 Tyber
                 and
                 Adriatick
                 to
                 his
                 Assistance
                 4
                 .
                 He
                 raises
                 the
                 Fogs
                 of
                 
                   Africk
                   ,
                   Persia
                   ,
                   Turkey
                   ,
                   Tartary
                
                 and
                 Moscovia
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 in
                 Clouds
                 of
                 Arrows
                 and
                 Lightning
                 invade
                 Europe
                 .
                 He
                 forces
                 through
                 the
                 secret
                 Crannies
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 Earthquakes
                 which
                 shook
                 Brazil
                 and
                 the
                 East-Indies
                 .
                 He
                 sends
                 through
                 all
                 Parts
                 furious
                 Hurricanes
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 one
                 continual
                 Tempest
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 disturbed
                 the
                 Heavens
                 with
                 such
                 Diligence
                 and
                 Art
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 darted
                 Fire
                 ,
                 hail'd
                 Shot
                 ,
                 and
                 rain'd
                 Blood
                 upon
                 the
                 Earth
                 5
                 .
                 He
                 reaches
                 from
                 Pole
                 to
                 Pole
                 with
                 the
                 Shot
                 of
                 his
                 Artillery
                 6
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 Dragoons
                 ,
                 more
                 swift
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 Negligence
                 or
                 Malice
                 of
                 some
                 )
                 than
                 the
                 Imperial
                 Eagles
                 7
                 .
                 Their
                 Neighings
                 are
                 heard
                 in
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 Mars
                 triumphs
                 in
                 Blood
                 and
                 Dust
                 8
                 .
                 The
                 Author
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Wars
                 ,
                 verifying
                 what
                 Isaiah
                 said
                 of
                 Lucifer
                 ,
                 That
                 
                   he
                   disturbs
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   ruines
                   Kingdoms
                   ,
                   dispeoples
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   destroys
                   its
                   Cities
                
                 9
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 God
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 one
                 as
                 a
                 Scourge
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 he
                 gives
                 him
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 succeeds
                 in
                 whatever
                 he
                 undertakes
                 ,
                 while
                 his
                 Divine
                 Anger
                 continues
                 10
                 .
                 He
                 told
                 Moses
                 ,
                 That
                 
                   he
                   had
                   made
                   him
                   God
                   over
                   Pharaoh
                
                 11
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 God
                 ,
                 he
                 wrought
                 Miracles
                 ,
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 12
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 so
                 bold
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 
                 Pharaoh's
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 is
                 represented
                 that
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Punishment
                 that
                 Divine
                 Sun
                 of
                 Justice
                 threatens
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 we
                 must
                 hope
                 for
                 other
                 miraculous
                 Actions
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 13
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 his
                 Displeasure
                 being
                 appeased
                 ,
                 will
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 dispell
                 the
                 Clouds
                 which
                 obscure
                 its
                 Pinnacles
                 ,
                 discovering
                 thereupon
                 the
                 Triumphant
                 Imperial
                 Eagle
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 sharpned
                 its
                 Talons
                 and
                 its
                 Beak
                 ,
                 and
                 refresh'd
                 its
                 Feathers
                 in
                 the
                 Waters
                 of
                 its
                 Trouble
                 ,
                 shall
                 join
                 that
                 Divine
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 Light
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 Fire
                 to
                 France
                 ,
                 causing
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 the
                 whole
                 Tempest
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 raised
                 against
                 other
                 Kingdoms
                 .
                 The
                 Spirit
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Tempests
                 shall
                 waste
                 it self
                 ,
                 their
                 Counsels
                 being
                 rash
                 and
                 violent
                 14
                 .
                 French
                 shall
                 War
                 with
                 French
                 ,
                 Friend
                 with
                 Friend
                 ,
                 Brother
                 with
                 Brother
                 ,
                 City
                 with
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 with
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 15
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 it
                 shall
                 become
                 the
                 Bloody
                 Scene
                 of
                 that
                 War
                 which
                 it
                 has
                 so
                 industriously
                 procured
                 other
                 Nations
                 16
                 .
                 Such
                 Counsels
                 are
                 like
                 Spiders
                 Webs
                 ,
                 drawn
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 Bowels
                 ;
                 their
                 due
                 Punishment
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 Nets
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 spread
                 for
                 others
                 17
                 .
                 Perillus
                 invented
                 a
                 Brazen
                 Bull
                 for
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 his
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 himself
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 made
                 it
                 Bellow
                 .
              
               
                 No
                 Possession
                 is
                 secure
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 founded
                 upon
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 A
                 certain
                 French
                 Embassador
                 advised
                 the
                 League
                 of
                 Cambray
                 against
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 insinuating
                 ,
                 That
                 she
                 should
                 sow
                 Dissentions
                 among
                 the
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 build
                 her
                 own
                 Fortune
                 upon
                 their
                 Ruine
                 :
                 And
                 several
                 of
                 them
                 uniting
                 ,
                 disarmed
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 from
                 her
                 all
                 the
                 Lands
                 she
                 possess'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Continent
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Times
                 required
                 such
                 Artifices
                 ;
                 or
                 that
                 the
                 Prudent
                 Noblemen
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 that
                 Illustrious
                 Senate
                 always
                 consists
                 ,
                 knew
                 those
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 prevent
                 'em
                 ,
                 either
                 through
                 the
                 furious
                 Torrent
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 or
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 rendring
                 themselves
                 suspected
                 by
                 Opposition
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 Misfortune
                 of
                 Republicks
                 ,
                 that
                 Malice
                 ,
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 fomenting
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 and
                 Self-Interest
                 ,
                 without
                 respect
                 to
                 Justice
                 ,
                 pass
                 for
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Love
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 hindring
                 
                 Persons
                 of
                 Integrity
                 from
                 appearing
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 Prudent
                 endeavour
                 to
                 procure
                 the
                 Peace
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 while
                 giddy
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 no
                 Prospect
                 of
                 the
                 Time
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 molest
                 it
                 by
                 their
                 vain
                 and
                 dangerous
                 Enterprizes
                 18
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 their
                 Resolves
                 ,
                 their
                 Votes
                 are
                 counted
                 not
                 weighed
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Communities
                 are
                 always
                 fuller
                 of
                 Raw
                 ,
                 Ignorant
                 Persons
                 ,
                 than
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Experience
                 ;
                 thence
                 happen
                 grievous
                 Inconveniencies
                 .
                 And
                 we
                 see
                 at
                 present
                 that
                 Republick
                 governs
                 with
                 great
                 Applause
                 by
                 the
                 best
                 Maxims
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 she
                 always
                 promotes
                 the
                 universal
                 Peace
                 and
                 good
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 her
                 neighbouring
                 Princes
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 to
                 be
                 prevail'd
                 upon
                 by
                 the
                 continual
                 Importunities
                 of
                 France
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 War
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 she
                 has
                 not
                 only
                 oblig'd
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 but
                 has
                 been
                 also
                 freed
                 from
                 this
                 general
                 Influence
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 she
                 has
                 gained
                 more
                 than
                 she
                 could
                 have
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 The
                 Neighbourhood
                 of
                 greater
                 Power
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 Dangerous
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 sometimes
                 like
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 Ebbing
                 ,
                 leaves
                 whole
                 Provinces
                 to
                 the
                 Continent
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 not
                 few
                 Princes
                 and
                 Republicks
                 which
                 owe
                 their
                 Preservation
                 to
                 this
                 Monarchy
                 .
                 'T
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 dangerous
                 Attempt
                 for
                 the
                 lesser
                 Powers
                 always
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 making
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Greater
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 observ'd
                 elsewhere
                 .
                 )
                 States
                 gain
                 more
                 by
                 their
                 good
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 Princes
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 Force
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 cunning
                 Ladies
                 ,
                 who
                 easily
                 captivate
                 their
                 Heart
                 and
                 Will
                 ,
                 and
                 guide
                 their
                 Actions
                 to
                 their
                 particular
                 Ends.
                 Let
                 'em
                 not
                 therefore
                 be
                 disturbed
                 ,
                 if
                 Princes
                 are
                 sometimes
                 angry
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 Anger
                 is
                 like
                 the
                 Petty
                 Quarrels
                 of
                 Lovers
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 Renewing
                 of
                 Love
                 :
                 Let
                 them
                 blame
                 rather
                 Jealousies
                 ,
                 and
                 credulous
                 Suspicions
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 them
                 doubt
                 the
                 Fidelity
                 of
                 their
                 best
                 Friends
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Vice
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 who
                 measure
                 Things
                 not
                 by
                 Reason
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 their
                 vain
                 Suspicions
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Arts
                 of
                 Sowing
                 Discord
                 ,
                 and
                 procuring
                 the
                 Rise
                 of
                 one
                 by
                 the
                 Fall
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 are
                 most
                 in
                 use
                 in
                 Courts
                 
                 and
                 Palaces
                 :
                 They
                 proceed
                 from
                 Ambition
                 ;
                 for
                 Rewards
                 being
                 already
                 divided
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 means
                 to
                 introduce
                 new
                 Forms
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Corruption
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 they
                 procure
                 it
                 by
                 Scandal
                 and
                 Violence
                 .
                 Sometime
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Envy
                 of
                 one
                 Minister
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 excellent
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 prevent
                 his
                 continuance
                 in
                 a
                 Post
                 where
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 conspicuous
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 ruine
                 the
                 Reputation
                 he
                 has
                 already
                 acquir'd
                 ,
                 by
                 false
                 Accusations
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 can't
                 obscure
                 the
                 Truth
                 ,
                 he
                 Sneers
                 ,
                 Joaks
                 at
                 ,
                 and
                 Ridicules
                 it
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Friendship
                 ;
                 that
                 losing
                 his
                 Credit
                 in
                 Things
                 of
                 small
                 concern
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 afterwards
                 gain
                 it
                 in
                 Things
                 of
                 greater
                 moment
                 .
                 Such
                 malicious
                 ,
                 sly
                 Tricks
                 ,
                 are
                 ever
                 perni●ious
                 to
                 their
                 Author
                 ,
                 as
                 Tacitus
                 remark'd
                 in
                 Hispon
                 19
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 those
                 who
                 followed
                 him
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 ,
                 
                   Lucinus
                   Proculus
                
                 succeded
                 well
                 ,
                 by
                 accusing
                 others
                 20
                 .
                 This
                 sometimes
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 Goodness
                 and
                 Modesty
                 are
                 so
                 reserv'd
                 as
                 to
                 live
                 privately
                 ,
                 despising
                 the
                 Honours
                 and
                 Favour
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 befalls
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 through
                 distrust
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Abilities
                 ,
                 are
                 thought
                 unfit
                 for
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 Publick
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 these
                 ,
                 assiduous
                 Malice
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 is
                 intent
                 upon
                 gaining
                 Mens
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 easily
                 robs
                 of
                 the
                 due
                 Rewards
                 of
                 their
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 as
                 Tigillinus
                 us'd
                 to
                 do
                 21
                 But
                 such
                 Artifices
                 fall
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 speed
                 they
                 rise
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 Tigillinus
                 is
                 an
                 Example
                 ,
                 who
                 died
                 infamously
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Hands
                 22
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXVI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Sun
                 darts
                 the
                 Rays
                 of
                 his
                 Light
                 upon
                 a
                 Concave-Glass
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 proceeds
                 ,
                 in
                 Rays
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 this
                 present
                 Emblem
                 ;
                 intimating
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 the
                 good
                 or
                 bad
                 Intention
                 of
                 the
                 Ministers
                 consist
                 Peace
                 or
                 War.
                 The
                 Reverberation
                 of
                 the
                 Orders
                 they
                 receive
                 ,
                 is
                 Fatal
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Breast
                 be
                 of
                 clear
                 and
                 plain
                 Crystal
                 ,
                 the
                 Orders
                 flow
                 thence
                 as
                 pure
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 purer
                 ,
                 than
                 they
                 entred
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 Steel
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 imbroil
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 in
                 Wars
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 Princes
                 ,
                 desirous
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 should
                 beware
                 of
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 Warlike
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 they
                 found
                 all
                 their
                 Fortune
                 upon
                 Arms
                 ,
                 they
                 continually
                 seek
                 Occasions
                 to
                 exercise
                 them
                 .
                 France
                 had
                 never
                 bewail'd
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 so
                 much
                 Discord
                 ,
                 nor
                 Europe
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Wars
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 that
                 King's
                 Favour
                 consisted
                 therein
                 .
                 We
                 
                 find
                 ,
                 in
                 Holy
                 Writ
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Priests
                 carried
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 wherewith
                 they
                 declared
                 War
                 1
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Gravity
                 of
                 their
                 Sacred
                 Office
                 would
                 not
                 use
                 them
                 without
                 great
                 Occasion
                 .
                 The
                 Breasts
                 of
                 Princes
                 are
                 Seas
                 ,
                 which
                 swell
                 with
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Waves
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Ministers
                 are
                 blustering
                 Boreas's
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 calm
                 and
                 serene
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 gentle
                 Zephyrs
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 generous
                 and
                 peaceful
                 Mind
                 tempers
                 the
                 hot
                 and
                 dangerous
                 Orders
                 ,
                 and
                 turns
                 them
                 to
                 good
                 ;
                 like
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 whose
                 Rays
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 pass
                 by
                 Angles
                 ,
                 endeavour
                 to
                 free
                 themselves
                 from
                 this
                 imperfect
                 Form
                 ,
                 and
                 return
                 Spherical
                 in
                 their
                 Reverberation
                 .
                 And
                 sometimes
                 it
                 suffices
                 not
                 that
                 their
                 Intention
                 is
                 good
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 pass
                 for
                 Warriors
                 ;
                 for
                 either
                 none
                 believe
                 that
                 Men
                 of
                 their
                 Courage
                 would
                 neglect
                 an
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 Fear
                 arms
                 against
                 their
                 Bravery
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 Malice
                 takes
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Pretence
                 .
                 The
                 Count
                 of
                 Fuentes
                 ,
                 foreseeing
                 what
                 would
                 happen
                 to
                 the
                 Valtoline
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Revolt
                 of
                 the
                 Grisons
                 ,
                 upon
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 built
                 a
                 Fort
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Ada
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Security
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Milan
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 of
                 Feria
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Country
                 ,
                 summon'd
                 the
                 Catholicks
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 Protestants
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 
                   d'
                   Ossuna
                
                 endeavour'd
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Fleet
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 ,
                 to
                 divert
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 Venice
                 upon
                 Friuli
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 these
                 three
                 Ministers
                 are
                 ascrib'd
                 the
                 Wars
                 which
                 were
                 afterwards
                 occasion'd
                 through
                 the
                 Troubles
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 those
                 who
                 assist
                 at
                 Treaties
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 the
                 Danger
                 is
                 yet
                 greater
                 ,
                 each
                 acting
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Inclination
                 and
                 Passion
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 Intention
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 
                   Don
                   Lopez
                   de
                   Haro
                
                 being
                 disgusted
                 by
                 King
                 
                   Sancho
                   the
                   Strong
                
                 ,
                 reveng'd
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Treaties
                 of
                 Peace
                 between
                 that
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 Peter
                 III.
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 differently
                 reporting
                 the
                 Answers
                 of
                 both
                 ;
                 which
                 incens'd
                 them
                 more
                 than
                 before
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 Misfortune
                 
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can't
                 Personally
                 assist
                 at
                 all
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 be
                 guided
                 by
                 others
                 Reports
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 like
                 Streams
                 which
                 are
                 always
                 tinctur'd
                 with
                 the
                 Quality
                 of
                 the
                 Minerals
                 through
                 which
                 they
                 pass
                 ,
                 proceeding
                 always
                 infected
                 with
                 the
                 Malice
                 ,
                 Passion
                 or
                 Affection
                 of
                 the
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 answer
                 their
                 Conveniencies
                 and
                 Designs
                 ;
                 by
                 these
                 they
                 strive
                 to
                 flatter
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 preparing
                 them
                 so
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 grateful
                 to
                 his
                 Taste
                 and
                 Inclination
                 .
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 principally
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 eager
                 to
                 shew
                 their
                 Abilities
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 penetrate
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 report
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 for
                 Certainty
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 fansie
                 may
                 be
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 too
                 prone
                 to
                 Suspicions
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 form
                 from
                 the
                 least
                 Shadow
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 give
                 credit
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 whence
                 proceed
                 great
                 Equivocations
                 and
                 Errors
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 chief
                 cause
                 of
                 Quarrels
                 and
                 Wars
                 among
                 Princes
                 ;
                 for
                 no
                 Minister
                 but
                 has
                 Power
                 to
                 promote
                 Broils
                 and
                 Discord
                 2
                 .
                 Let
                 Princes
                 therefore
                 be
                 cautious
                 of
                 giving
                 Credit
                 to
                 the
                 first
                 Relations
                 of
                 their
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 but
                 compare
                 them
                 first
                 with
                 those
                 they
                 receive
                 from
                 others
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 form
                 a
                 more
                 certain
                 Judgment
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 written
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 perfectly
                 acquainted
                 with
                 their
                 Humour
                 and
                 Genius
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 Method
                 of
                 Conceiving
                 Things
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 act
                 by
                 private
                 Interest
                 and
                 Passion
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 happens
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Minister
                 is
                 taken
                 with
                 a
                 Love
                 for
                 the
                 Country
                 or
                 Prince
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 Treats
                 .
                 and
                 thinks
                 all
                 things
                 Right
                 and
                 Just
                 ;
                 and
                 sometimes
                 suffers
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 oblig'd
                 by
                 their
                 Favours
                 and
                 Civilities
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 naturally
                 Grateful
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 their
                 Side
                 ,
                 and
                 acts
                 their
                 Cause
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 is
                 deluded
                 by
                 plain
                 Appearances
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 contrary
                 Reports
                 ,
                 cunningly
                 spread
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 easily
                 deceives
                 his
                 Prince
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 more
                 apt
                 to
                 deceive
                 others
                 ,
                 than
                 one
                 who
                 has
                 been
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 before
                 .
                 Many
                 Ministers
                 are
                 mov'd
                 by
                 slight
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 some
                 Passion
                 or
                 private
                 Aversion
                 which
                 disturbs
                 their
                 Judgments
                 ,
                 and
                 turn
                 every
                 thing
                 to
                 ill
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 also
                 naturally
                 enclin'd
                 
                 to
                 Misconstrue
                 all
                 Actions
                 and
                 Designs
                 ;
                 whereas
                 others
                 are
                 so
                 Frank
                 and
                 Generous
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 think
                 nothing
                 ill
                 design'd
                 .
                 Both
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 are
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 last
                 not
                 less
                 so
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 Sometimes
                 the
                 Minister
                 ,
                 thinking
                 it
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Duty
                 to
                 discover
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 he
                 shall
                 gain
                 the
                 Character
                 of
                 a
                 Zealous
                 and
                 Understanding
                 Person
                 ,
                 becomes
                 so
                 nicely
                 suspicious
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 one
                 is
                 safe
                 from
                 his
                 Tongue
                 and
                 Pen
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 Surmises
                 and
                 Apprehensions
                 sure
                 ,
                 gives
                 occasion
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Distrust
                 ,
                 to
                 Friends
                 to
                 become
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Detriment
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 were
                 much
                 better
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 good
                 Confidence
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 the
                 Minister
                 to
                 apply
                 Remedies
                 to
                 cure
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 infect
                 the
                 Minds
                 and
                 Wills
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 .
              
               
                 Ministers
                 also
                 ,
                 weary
                 of
                 Embassies
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 retire
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Conveniencies
                 and
                 Ease
                 of
                 a
                 Domestick
                 Life
                 ,
                 stick
                 not
                 to
                 promote
                 a
                 Rupture
                 between
                 the
                 Princes
                 they
                 assist
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 suggest
                 Counsels
                 not
                 less
                 pernicious
                 .
              
               
                 Princes
                 are
                 much
                 deceived
                 ,
                 who
                 think
                 their
                 Ministers
                 act
                 always
                 as
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 as
                 Men.
                 If
                 it
                 were
                 so
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 much
                 better
                 served
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 less
                 Inconveniencies
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 are
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Office
                 does
                 not
                 strip
                 'em
                 of
                 their
                 Inclination
                 to
                 Ease
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Pleasures
                 of
                 Love
                 ,
                 Anger
                 ,
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Affections
                 and
                 Passions
                 ,
                 which
                 Zeal
                 nor
                 Duty
                 are
                 not
                 always
                 capable
                 to
                 correct
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 let
                 Princes
                 be
                 apprized
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 can't
                 seduce
                 Good
                 and
                 Loyal
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 fathom
                 their
                 Artifices
                 and
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 and
                 know
                 what
                 is
                 their
                 Prince's
                 Interest
                 ,
                 what
                 not
                 )
                 they
                 traduce
                 them
                 as
                 Distrustful
                 ,
                 Passionate
                 ,
                 Perverse
                 and
                 Obstinate
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 endeavour
                 to
                 remove
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 introduce
                 others
                 less
                 Knowing
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 treat
                 immediately
                 with
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 ,
                 tendring
                 him
                 specious
                 Propositions
                 ,
                 which
                 oblige
                 him
                 to
                 Resolves
                 more
                 prejudicial
                 .
                 He
                 must
                 not
                 give
                 the
                 least
                 grounds
                 to
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 to
                 think
                 that
                 he
                 can't
                 change
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 or
                 displace
                 Ministers
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 such
                 Thoughts
                 take
                 place
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 will
                 be
                 ill
                 served
                 :
                 For
                 such
                 Confidence
                 causes
                 Disdain
                 and
                 Disobedience
                 in
                 the
                 Accuser
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fear
                 of
                 it
                 discourages
                 the
                 Minister
                 .
                 The
                 Errors
                 of
                 these
                 are
                 less
                 dangerous
                 than
                 those
                 to
                 admit
                 the
                 Accusations
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 Foreigners
                 :
                 And
                 were
                 they
                 true
                 ,
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 more
                 Prudence
                 to
                 deferr
                 the
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 from
                 whom
                 they
                 came
                 can't
                 ascribe
                 it
                 to
                 himself
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXVII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 farther
                 those
                 two
                 Luminaries
                 of
                 Day
                 and
                 Night
                 are
                 distant
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 their
                 Influence
                 and
                 Light
                 is
                 Below
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 Conjunction
                 ,
                 their
                 being
                 Brethren
                 ;
                 does
                 not
                 
                 prevent
                 the
                 one
                 from
                 obscuring
                 the
                 other's
                 Rays
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 Eclipse
                 creates
                 Shadows
                 and
                 Inconveniencies
                 to
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 Princes
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 their
                 Ministers
                 and
                 Letters
                 ,
                 maintain
                 and
                 uphold
                 mutual
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 each
                 other
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 Conferr
                 Personally
                 with
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 their
                 Interview
                 would
                 create
                 shadows
                 of
                 Suspicion
                 and
                 Jealousie
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 put
                 all
                 their
                 States
                 in
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 never
                 find
                 in
                 one
                 another
                 what
                 they
                 promis'd
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 neither
                 measures
                 himself
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Rule
                 ,
                 but
                 pretends
                 always
                 to
                 much
                 more
                 than
                 his
                 Due
                 .
                 An
                 Interview
                 of
                 two
                 Princes
                 ,
                 is
                 almost
                 like
                 a
                 Duel
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 fight
                 with
                 Ceremonies
                 ,
                 each
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 conquer
                 t'other
                 .
                 The
                 Families
                 of
                 each
                 assist
                 at
                 the
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 like
                 two
                 Hostile
                 Troops
                 ,
                 each
                 being
                 zealous
                 for
                 his
                 Prince's
                 Triumph
                 over
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 in
                 Personal
                 Accomplishments
                 or
                 Grandeur
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 number
                 all
                 can't
                 be
                 Men
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 some
                 light
                 Expression
                 ,
                 or
                 slight
                 Affront
                 ,
                 causes
                 Dissatisfaction
                 in
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 So
                 it
                 happen'd
                 in
                 the
                 Interview
                 between
                 King
                 Henry
                 ,
                 and
                 Lewis
                 XI
                 .
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 exceeding
                 them
                 in
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 and
                 scouting
                 the
                 Meanness
                 and
                 Slovenliness
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 those
                 two
                 Nations
                 departed
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 till
                 then
                 maintain'd
                 a
                 good
                 Correspondence
                 together
                 *
                 .
                 The
                 Hatred
                 between
                 Germanicus
                 and
                 Piso
                 was
                 private
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 saw
                 one
                 another
                 1
                 .
                 The
                 Interview
                 between
                 Ferdinand
                 IV.
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 his
                 Father-in-Law
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 caused
                 great
                 Disorders
                 ;
                 as
                 did
                 that
                 of
                 King
                 Philip
                 I.
                 and
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 Meeting
                 of
                 Iames
                 I.
                 and
                 King
                 Alphonso
                 ,
                 produced
                 very
                 good
                 Effects
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 the
                 safest
                 way
                 for
                 Princes
                 to
                 manage
                 their
                 Affairs
                 by
                 Embassadors
                 .
              
               
                 Sometimes
                 Favourites
                 sow
                 Discord
                 between
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Blood-Royal
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 observ'd
                 )
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 Examples
                 in
                 our
                 Histories
                 .
                 Don
                 
                   Lopez
                   de
                   Haro
                
                 procured
                 a
                 Separation
                 between
                 King
                 
                   Sancho
                   the
                   Strong
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Queen
                 his
                 Consort
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Domesticks
                 of
                 Queen
                 Catharine
                 ,
                 Mother
                 to
                 King
                 Iohn
                 II.
                 incens'd
                 her
                 against
                 the
                 Infant
                 ,
                 Don
                 Ferdinand
                 .
                 Don
                 
                   Alvarez
                   de
                   Lara
                
                 endeavoured
                 (
                 thereby
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Government
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Hands
                 )
                 to
                 persuade
                 King
                 Henry
                 I.
                 that
                 his
                 Sister
                 ,
                 Queen
                 Berenguela
                 ,
                 design'd
                 to
                 poison
                 him
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 were
                 interested
                 in
                 the
                 Quarrels
                 between
                 the
                 Infant
                 Sancho
                 ,
                 and
                 King
                 
                   Alphonso
                   the
                   Wise
                
                 ,
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 took
                 what
                 care
                 they
                 cou'd
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 Meeting
                 and
                 Agreement
                 .
                 The
                 Grandees
                 of
                 Castile
                 hindred
                 the
                 Reconcilement
                 of
                 King
                 Iohn
                 II.
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Henry
                 .
                 Don
                 
                   Alvarez
                   de
                   Luna
                
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 King
                 Iohn
                 of
                 Navarre
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Prince
                 Carlos
                 of
                 Viana
                 .
                 The
                 Favourites
                 of
                 King
                 Philip
                 I.
                 dissuaded
                 him
                 from
                 an
                 Interview
                 with
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 .
                 Such
                 Artifices
                 we
                 have
                 seen
                 us'd
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 Times
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Detriment
                 of
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 Christendom
                 .
                 The
                 only
                 Remedy
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 despise
                 the
                 Difficulties
                 and
                 Inconveniencies
                 which
                 these
                 Favourites
                 represent
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 an
                 Interview
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 secret
                 Operation
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 has
                 appeas'd
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 discover'd
                 the
                 Malice
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 procur'd
                 the
                 Misunderstanding
                 .
                 Upon
                 these
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 gave
                 a
                 Meeting
                 at
                 Segovia
                 ,
                 to
                 King
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 his
                 Brother-in-Law
                 ,
                 not
                 fearing
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 exposing
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Resentment
                 of
                 an
                 offended
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 either
                 through
                 Natural
                 Affection
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 disguise
                 his
                 Infamy
                 ,
                 procur'd
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Ioanna
                 's
                 Succession
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 *
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 sufficiently
                 pre-advis'd
                 by
                 his
                 Ministers
                 of
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ;
                 yet
                 in
                 the
                 Scales
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 this
                 Consideration
                 out-weigh'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   no
                   Force
                   nor
                   Treaty
                   was
                   so
                   effectual
                   as
                   Presence
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXVIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 WHAT
                 we
                 see
                 of
                 the
                 Mermaid
                 ,
                 is
                 Beautiful
                 ;
                 what
                 we
                 hear
                 ,
                 Melodious
                 ;
                 that
                 which
                 the
                 Intention
                 conceals
                 ,
                 Pernicious
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 hidden
                 under
                 Water
                 ,
                 Monstrous
                 .
                 Who
                 could
                 imagine
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Inequality
                 in
                 so
                 fair
                 an
                 Appearance
                 ?
                 Such
                 Beauty
                 as
                 to
                 charm
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 Harmony
                 as
                 to
                 intice
                 Ships
                 upon
                 Rocks
                 ?
                 Antiquity
                 admir'd
                 this
                 Monster
                 as
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Prodigy
                 :
                 yet
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 frequent
                 ;
                 Courts
                 and
                 Palaces
                 are
                 full
                 of
                 them
                 1
                 .
                 How
                 often
                 is
                 a
                 fair
                 ,
                 smooth
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 the
                 Snare
                 to
                 entrap
                 a
                 Friend
                 2
                 ?
                 How
                 often
                 does
                 a
                 Friendly
                 ,
                 Smiling
                 Look
                 ,
                 
                 conceal
                 a
                 Heart
                 full
                 of
                 Rancour
                 and
                 Malice
                 ?
                 How
                 often
                 are
                 Tears
                 forc'd
                 from
                 a
                 Spring
                 of
                 Joy
                 3
                 !
                 Those
                 who
                 shew'd
                 most
                 Sorrow
                 for
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Germanicus
                 ,
                 were
                 those
                 who
                 rejoyc'd
                 most
                 4
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 Pompey
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 he
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Tears
                 ,
                 dissembled
                 the
                 Satisfaction
                 of
                 the
                 Sight
                 :
                 
                   
                     Caesar
                     ,
                     at
                     first
                     ,
                     his
                     Gift
                     would
                     not
                     refuse
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Nor
                     turn
                     his
                     Eyes
                     away
                     ,
                     but
                     fix'dly
                     views
                  
                   
                     Till
                     he
                     perceiv'd
                     't
                     was
                     true
                     ,
                     and
                     plainly
                     saw
                  
                   
                     'T
                     was
                     safe
                     to
                     be
                     a
                     pious
                     Father-in-Law
                     ;
                  
                   
                     Then
                     shed
                     forc'd
                     Tears
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     a
                     joyful
                     Breast
                  
                   
                     Drew
                     Sighs
                     and
                     Groans
                     ,
                     as
                     thinking
                     Tears
                     would
                     best
                  
                   
                     Conceal
                     his
                     inward
                     Ioy
                     —
                     *
                  
                
              
               
                 We
                 see
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 Syren
                 in
                 the
                 Pretexts
                 of
                 some
                 Princes
                 :
                 How
                 full
                 of
                 Religion
                 and
                 Concern
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ?
                 How
                 Obliging
                 ,
                 Kind
                 ,
                 and
                 Promising
                 ?
                 And
                 what
                 Cheats
                 do
                 they
                 impose
                 upon
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 under
                 these
                 Feints
                 and
                 Appearances
                 ?
                 They
                 have
                 the
                 Face
                 of
                 Angels
                 ,
                 but
                 end
                 in
                 Serpents
                 ;
                 and
                 Embrace
                 ,
                 only
                 to
                 Sting
                 and
                 Poison
                 :
                 The
                 Wounds
                 of
                 a
                 Well-meaning
                 Sincerity
                 are
                 more
                 wholsom
                 than
                 the
                 Kisses
                 of
                 such
                 Lips
                 5
                 .
                 The
                 Words
                 of
                 those
                 are
                 smooth
                 and
                 balmy
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 these
                 sharp-pointed
                 Arrows
                 6
                 .
                 How
                 often
                 has
                 Treason
                 took
                 Rise
                 from
                 Honours
                 ?
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 designing
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Germanicus
                 ,
                 as
                 jealous
                 of
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 Victories
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 extinguish
                 thereby
                 the
                 Race
                 of
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 call'd
                 him
                 to
                 Triumph
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 him
                 his
                 Companion
                 in
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 By
                 such
                 Arts
                 he
                 strives
                 to
                 disguise
                 his
                 Mind
                 :
                 He
                 burns
                 with
                 Envy
                 of
                 Germanicus
                 ;
                 and
                 makes
                 his
                 Glory
                 blaze
                 more
                 ,
                 only
                 the
                 sooner
                 to
                 extinguish
                 it
                 :
                 What
                 appears
                 is
                 Honour
                 and
                 Affection
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 conceal'd
                 is
                 Hatred
                 and
                 Malice
                 7
                 The
                 more
                 
                 Frank
                 and
                 Sincere
                 a
                 Man
                 appears
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 Fraud
                 and
                 Design
                 he
                 harbours
                 .
                 We
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 apt
                 to
                 be
                 deceiv'd
                 by
                 Muddy
                 as
                 by
                 Clear
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 which
                 hide
                 their
                 Poison
                 ,
                 and
                 invite
                 by
                 their
                 Clearness
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 Prudence
                 should
                 be
                 upon
                 her
                 Guard
                 ,
                 to
                 penetrate
                 these
                 Arts
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 suspecting
                 them
                 most
                 when
                 they
                 seem
                 most
                 fair
                 and
                 obliging
                 ,
                 and
                 acting
                 against
                 their
                 Custom
                 and
                 Nature
                 ;
                 as
                 Agrippina
                 did
                 ,
                 changing
                 her
                 morose
                 Temper
                 into
                 good
                 Humour
                 and
                 Dalliance
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 Nero
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 his
                 Slave
                 8
                 :
                 Which
                 Alteration
                 was
                 suspected
                 by
                 Nero
                 and
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 who
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 beware
                 of
                 her
                 Subtilties
                 9
                 .
                 We
                 should
                 be
                 more
                 cautious
                 against
                 what
                 Princes
                 conceal
                 ,
                 than
                 against
                 what
                 they
                 shew
                 ;
                 more
                 against
                 what
                 they
                 are
                 silent
                 of
                 ,
                 than
                 what
                 they
                 declare
                 .
                 The
                 Elector
                 of
                 Treves
                 delivers
                 up
                 that
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 therein
                 a
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 knew
                 't
                 was
                 Imperial
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 the
                 Hereditary
                 Protection
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 as
                 Duke
                 of
                 Luxemburgh
                 ,
                 and
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 Lower
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 thereby
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 ran
                 counter
                 to
                 that
                 Protection
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 the
                 Constitutions
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Troops
                 of
                 Spain
                 surprize
                 this
                 City
                 from
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 and
                 accidentally
                 detain
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 the
                 Elector
                 ,
                 and
                 treat
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 Respect
                 due
                 to
                 his
                 Dignity
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 having
                 Eighteen
                 Days
                 before
                 concluded
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Hollanders
                 against
                 the
                 Netherlands
                 ,
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 Pretext
                 ,
                 though
                 happening
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 and
                 enters
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 in
                 their
                 behalf
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 setting
                 at
                 liberty
                 his
                 Friend
                 and
                 Allie
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 seeks
                 Occasions
                 ,
                 easily
                 finds
                 or
                 makes
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 Malice
                 is
                 like
                 Light
                 ,
                 which
                 enters
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 Chink
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 is
                 our
                 Inclination
                 to
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 blind
                 our
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Pretence
                 which
                 respects
                 either
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 we
                 immediately
                 embrace
                 it
                 ,
                 suffering
                 our selves
                 to
                 be
                 deceived
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 though
                 
                 never
                 so
                 unlikely
                 or
                 unreasonable
                 .
                 Italy
                 does
                 not
                 yet
                 apprehend
                 the
                 Designs
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 to
                 Lord
                 it
                 over
                 her
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 Protection
                 ,
                 though
                 she
                 has
                 seen
                 the
                 Publick
                 Faith
                 so
                 often
                 violated
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Treaties
                 of
                 
                   Ratisbon
                   ,
                   Carasco
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Mon●on
                 ;
                 the
                 Usurpation
                 of
                 Montferrat
                 ,
                 the
                 Valtoline
                 ,
                 and
                 Pignerol
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Garrison
                 put
                 into
                 Monaco
                 .
                 By
                 such
                 Pretexts
                 Princes
                 mask
                 their
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 their
                 Avarice
                 and
                 Designs
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 expence
                 of
                 the
                 Lives
                 and
                 Fortunes
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Hence
                 proceed
                 all
                 the
                 Commotions
                 and
                 Wars
                 that
                 the
                 World
                 labours
                 under
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 Interests
                 alter
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 do
                 these
                 Pretexts
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 give
                 Umbrage
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 follow
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 enter
                 into
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Grisons
                 ;
                 the
                 French
                 oppose
                 it
                 ,
                 lest
                 it
                 should
                 diminish
                 their
                 Alliance
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 divided
                 into
                 Factions
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Catholicks
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Protestants
                 endeavour
                 to
                 extirpate
                 .
                 The
                 Switzers
                 hereupon
                 summon
                 a
                 Diet
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 find
                 no
                 better
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 invite
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 into
                 the
                 Valley
                 ;
                 an
                 Expedient
                 before
                 thought
                 on
                 by
                 Pope
                 Clement
                 VIII
                 .
                 in
                 the
                 Instructions
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Veglia
                 ,
                 when
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Catholick
                 Cantons
                 in
                 Quality
                 of
                 Nuncio
                 .
                 Which
                 Method
                 was
                 also
                 approv'd
                 of
                 by
                 Gouffier
                 ,
                 who
                 managed
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 persuaded
                 Count
                 
                   Alphonso
                   Casati
                
                 ,
                 Embassador
                 from
                 Spain
                 to
                 the
                 Switzers
                 ,
                 to
                 write
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Feria
                 ,
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Valtoline
                 with
                 His
                 Majesty's
                 Forces
                 ;
                 that
                 thereby
                 shutting
                 up
                 the
                 Passage
                 of
                 Valcamonica
                 from
                 the
                 Venetians
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 desist
                 from
                 their
                 Pretensions
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Valley
                 might
                 be
                 clear'd
                 of
                 the
                 Protestants
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 ,
                 moved
                 by
                 these
                 Instances
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 common
                 Danger
                 of
                 this
                 Sect
                 ,
                 which
                 threatned
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 by
                 the
                 Complaints
                 and
                 Tears
                 of
                 the
                 Catholicks
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Valtoline
                 ;
                 and
                 immediately
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 upon
                 new
                 Considerations
                 ,
                 change
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 oppose
                 this
                 Intent
                 ,
                 entring
                 into
                 League
                 in
                 Avignon
                 with
                 Venice
                 and
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 under
                 Pretence
                 of
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 though
                 that
                 consists
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 stopping
                 that
                 Passage
                 from
                 the
                 Protestants
                 
                 on
                 t'other
                 side
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 any
                 Acquisitions
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 could
                 make
                 in
                 this
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Valtoline
                 being
                 only
                 the
                 Pretence
                 of
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 the
                 Allies
                 serv'd
                 only
                 as
                 a
                 Diversion
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Force
                 and
                 Design
                 were
                 turn'd
                 to
                 the
                 Oppression
                 of
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Genoa
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 Pretences
                 vary
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Alteration
                 of
                 Interests
                 .
              
               
                 Times
                 by
                 their
                 Effects
                 discover
                 the
                 Falsity
                 of
                 these
                 Pretences
                 ;
                 for
                 either
                 they
                 don't
                 perform
                 what
                 they
                 promise
                 ,
                 or
                 don
                 't
                 act
                 where
                 they
                 propos'd
                 .
                 The
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 seize
                 Gradisca
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 for
                 a
                 Pretext
                 the
                 Incursions
                 of
                 the
                 Vscoques
                 in
                 Croatia
                 :
                 They
                 made
                 a
                 Feint
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Land.
                 
              
               
                 Many
                 times
                 they
                 make
                 War
                 ,
                 upon
                 pretence
                 of
                 Zeal
                 for
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 rather
                 hinder
                 it
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 for
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 confound
                 it
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 for
                 Publick
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 disturb
                 it
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 for
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 oppress
                 'em
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 for
                 Protection
                 ,
                 and
                 enslave
                 them
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 own
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 invade
                 others
                 .
                 O
                 Men
                 ,
                 O
                 People
                 ,
                 O
                 States
                 ,
                 O
                 Kingdoms
                 !
                 whose
                 Tranquility
                 and
                 Happiness
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Capriche
                 of
                 a
                 few
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Ends
                 of
                 Actions
                 are
                 Just
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 not
                 being
                 so
                 interpreted
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 miscarrying
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 understood
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 so
                 dispose
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 our
                 Actions
                 may
                 appear
                 different
                 to
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 guided
                 by
                 other
                 honest
                 Causes
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 acts
                 so
                 ,
                 cheats
                 none
                 ,
                 but
                 acts
                 justifiably
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 amuses
                 Malice
                 by
                 false
                 Appearances
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 it
                 deceives
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 prevents
                 its
                 opposition
                 to
                 the
                 just
                 Designs
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 for
                 no
                 Reason
                 obliges
                 him
                 to
                 point
                 at
                 the
                 Mark
                 at
                 which
                 he
                 levels
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 impossible
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 strike
                 one
                 ,
                 if
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 seem
                 to
                 aim
                 at
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 not
                 less
                 Danger
                 to
                 States
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 feign'd
                 Zeal
                 with
                 which
                 some
                 would
                 seem
                 to
                 respect
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 and
                 regard
                 only
                 their
                 own
                 particular
                 Interest
                 .
                 They
                 pretend
                 to
                 reform
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 to
                 weaken
                 its
                 Authority
                 :
                 
                 They
                 propose
                 Means
                 ,
                 and
                 suggest
                 Counsels
                 after
                 the
                 Effect
                 ,
                 to
                 discover
                 Errors
                 already
                 past
                 Remedy
                 :
                 They
                 affect
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Applause
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 against
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 and
                 confound
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 by
                 reducing
                 it
                 afterwards
                 to
                 Slavery
                 10
                 .
                 These
                 Artifices
                 are
                 us'd
                 by
                 all
                 Tyrants
                 of
                 Republicks
                 11
                 .
                 What
                 Feints
                 did
                 Tiberius
                 make
                 of
                 restoring
                 Liberty
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 whole
                 Design
                 was
                 to
                 oppress
                 it
                 12
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Methods
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 O
                 —
                 us'd
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Netherlands
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 which
                 his
                 Family
                 have
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 since
                 to
                 Lord
                 it
                 over
                 the
                 
                   Vnited
                   Provinces
                
                 .
                 Time
                 will
                 shew
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 Cost
                 ,
                 the
                 difference
                 between
                 a
                 Natural
                 Prince
                 and
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ;
                 then
                 they
                 will
                 repent
                 of
                 having
                 preferr'd
                 Rebellion
                 with
                 their
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 to
                 Obedience
                 with
                 Security
                 ,
                 as
                 Cerialis
                 advis'd
                 those
                 of
                 Treves
                 13
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 blindly
                 fly
                 to
                 the
                 Call
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 don't
                 know
                 it
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 lost
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 themselves
                 intangled
                 in
                 the
                 Nets
                 of
                 Slavery
                 .
                 They
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 moved
                 by
                 the
                 Fears
                 of
                 these
                 false
                 Crocodiles
                 ,
                 and
                 rashly
                 intrust
                 them
                 with
                 their
                 Lives
                 and
                 Fortunes
                 .
                 How
                 peaceable
                 would
                 the
                 World
                 be
                 ,
                 if
                 Subjects
                 knew
                 ,
                 that
                 whether
                 the
                 Government
                 be
                 of
                 All
                 ,
                 of
                 Many
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 One
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 have
                 its
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 kind
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 :
                 For
                 though
                 Speculation
                 may
                 invent
                 a
                 perfect
                 Form
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 not
                 of
                 Angels
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 commended
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 practised
                 14
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 Liberty
                 consists
                 not
                 in
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 Form
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 a
                 long
                 Use
                 and
                 Experience
                 has
                 constituted
                 and
                 approved
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Justice
                 is
                 defended
                 ,
                 and
                 Publick
                 
                 Peace
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 supposing
                 that
                 some
                 sort
                 of
                 Government
                 must
                 be
                 obey'd
                 ;
                 for
                 Liberty
                 never
                 suffers
                 more
                 than
                 in
                 such
                 Changes
                 .
                 We
                 think
                 to
                 find
                 a
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 fall
                 into
                 a
                 worse
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 happen'd
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 survived
                 Tiberius
                 and
                 Caius
                 15
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 we
                 better
                 our selves
                 ,
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 countervail
                 the
                 Damage
                 we
                 sustain
                 in
                 the
                 change
                 of
                 one
                 Form
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 bear
                 with
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 though
                 unjust
                 16
                 ;
                 and
                 hope
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 bad
                 ,
                 God
                 will
                 be
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 send
                 another
                 good
                 one
                 17
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 he
                 bestows
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 accusing
                 his
                 Divine
                 Decrees
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 obey
                 those
                 whom
                 he
                 has
                 constituted
                 .
                 Nebuchadnezzar
                 was
                 a
                 wicked
                 Prince
                 ,
                 yet
                 God
                 threatned
                 a
                 severe
                 Punishment
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 did
                 not
                 obey
                 him
                 18
                 .
                 As
                 we
                 are
                 contented
                 with
                 the
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 patiently
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 of
                 Nature
                 ;
                 so
                 also
                 we
                 should
                 the
                 Defects
                 of
                 our
                 Princes
                 19
                 .
                 While
                 there
                 are
                 Men
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 Vices
                 20
                 .
                 Where
                 is
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 a
                 Prince
                 without
                 them
                 ?
                 These
                 Evils
                 are
                 not
                 continual
                 .
                 If
                 one
                 Prince
                 be
                 bad
                 ,
                 another
                 good
                 one
                 succeeds
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 one
                 makes
                 amends
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 21
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXIX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 NO
                 Bird
                 so
                 much
                 resembles
                 Man
                 in
                 the
                 Articulation
                 of
                 the
                 Voice
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Parrot
                 *
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 Vivacity
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Philosophers
                 have
                 doubted
                 whether
                 it
                 did
                 not
                 participate
                 of
                 Reason
                 .
                 Cardan
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 surpasses
                 all
                 Birds
                 in
                 Ingenuity
                 ,
                 and
                 Quickness
                 of
                 Apprehension
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 not
                 only
                 learns
                 to
                 Speak
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 Meditate
                 with
                 a
                 Desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 1
                 .
                 This
                 Bird
                 is
                 very
                 Candid
                 and
                 Ingenuous
                 ,
                 the
                 Quality
                 of
                 Great
                 Spirits
                 :
                 yet
                 is
                 not
                 its
                 Candour
                 exposed
                 to
                 Deceit
                 ,
                 but
                 she
                 
                 knows
                 how
                 to
                 prevent
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 sly
                 and
                 crafty
                 as
                 the
                 Serpent
                 is
                 ,
                 it
                 evades
                 his
                 Artifices
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 secure
                 its
                 Nest
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 it
                 hangs
                 it
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 and
                 slenderest
                 Twig
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 here
                 represented
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 would
                 pass
                 by
                 them
                 to
                 devour
                 its
                 young
                 ones
                 ,
                 he
                 falls
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 weight
                 .
                 So
                 Artifice
                 must
                 be
                 frustrated
                 by
                 Artifice
                 ,
                 and
                 Counsel
                 by
                 Counsel
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 Case
                 ,
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 was
                 an
                 Exellent
                 Master
                 for
                 Princes
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 sufficiently
                 shewed
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Designs
                 ,
                 particularly
                 in
                 his
                 Marriage
                 with
                 
                   Germana
                   de
                   Foix
                
                 ,
                 Niece
                 to
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 .
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 Peace
                 clapt
                 up
                 at
                 Hagenaw
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Son-in-Law
                 ,
                 King
                 Philip
                 I.
                 without
                 his
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 his
                 prejudice
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 he
                 use
                 with
                 less
                 Address
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 offer'd
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 's
                 desiring
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 get
                 liberty
                 to
                 Invade
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 contriving
                 the
                 Matter
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 recover
                 the
                 Governments
                 of
                 Rousillon
                 and
                 Sardinia
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 had
                 already
                 made
                 an
                 Inroad
                 into
                 Italy
                 with
                 that
                 Intent
                 ,
                 and
                 withal
                 how
                 dangerous
                 a
                 Neighbour
                 he
                 would
                 prove
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 which
                 his
                 Eye
                 was
                 upon
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 his
                 Progress
                 ,
                 broke
                 the
                 Treaty
                 ,
                 and
                 denounc'd
                 War
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 entring
                 into
                 an
                 Alliance
                 with
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Princes
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 Weapons
                 are
                 more
                 necessary
                 in
                 War
                 than
                 Peace
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 Wit
                 does
                 more
                 than
                 Strength
                 .
                 And
                 certainly
                 that
                 Commander
                 deserves
                 no
                 small
                 Praise
                 ,
                 who
                 despising
                 the
                 Vain-glory
                 of
                 Conquering
                 his
                 Enemy
                 with
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 steals
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 triumphs
                 by
                 Policy
                 and
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Nations
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 violated
                 2
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 the
                 War
                 be
                 Just
                 ,
                 the
                 Methods
                 thereof
                 are
                 so
                 also
                 3
                 :
                 
                   'Twixt
                   Force
                   and
                   Fraud
                   ,
                   what
                   Difference
                   in
                   War
                   ?
                
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 what
                 Reason
                 can
                 be
                 given
                 ,
                 why
                 you
                 may
                 not
                 deceive
                 him
                 ,
                 whom
                 it
                 is
                 lawful
                 even
                 to
                 kill
                 ?
                 It
                 is
                 
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Magnanimity
                 to
                 preferr
                 the
                 Publick
                 Safety
                 before
                 a
                 Triumph
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 sure
                 of
                 Victory
                 without
                 exposing
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 manifest
                 Fortune
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 's
                 none
                 ,
                 in
                 Humane
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 can
                 appear
                 so
                 certain
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 a
                 thousand
                 Chances
                 .
                 In
                 countermining
                 the
                 cunning
                 Designs
                 and
                 Intrigues
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 not
                 always
                 regard
                 what
                 a
                 Prudent
                 Man
                 would
                 do
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 case
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 to
                 have
                 also
                 some
                 Fore-thought
                 of
                 that
                 were
                 adviseable
                 )
                 but
                 a
                 Judgment
                 must
                 be
                 formed
                 from
                 the
                 Condition
                 and
                 Capacity
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 to
                 be
                 dealt
                 with
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 Men
                 take
                 not
                 always
                 the
                 most
                 proper
                 and
                 prudent
                 Methods
                 .
                 Ferdinand
                 Duke
                 of
                 Alba
                 's
                 entring
                 Portugal
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 upon
                 King
                 Sebastian
                 's
                 Death
                 ,
                 was
                 Amazing
                 ;
                 by
                 several
                 blamed
                 as
                 a
                 very
                 Dangerous
                 Enterprise
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Person
                 so
                 eminently
                 versed
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 War.
                 To
                 whom
                 he
                 reply'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   was
                   not
                   ignorant
                   of
                   the
                   Danger
                   ;
                   but
                   he
                   trusted
                   in
                   having
                   to
                   do
                   with
                   a
                   Nation
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   a
                   continued
                   Enjoyment
                   of
                   Peace
                   ,
                   had
                   probably
                   forgot
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                   War.
                
                 Even
                 when
                 we
                 have
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 Men
                 eminent
                 for
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 the
                 Judgment
                 and
                 Conjecture
                 we
                 pass
                 upon
                 their
                 Actions
                 ,
                 even
                 by
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 Reason
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 infallibly
                 certain
                 ;
                 for
                 sometimes
                 they
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 carry'd
                 away
                 by
                 Passion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 wisest
                 Men
                 are
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 guilty
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Errors
                 ,
                 Self-conceit
                 rendring
                 them
                 negligent
                 ,
                 or
                 too
                 much
                 Confidence
                 in
                 their
                 Discretion
                 ,
                 making
                 them
                 presume
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 little
                 lost
                 their
                 Way
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 easily
                 find
                 it
                 again
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 in
                 Things
                 they
                 presuppose
                 ,
                 Time
                 and
                 other
                 Events
                 deceive
                 them
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 safest
                 way
                 ,
                 ever
                 to
                 suspend
                 one's
                 Judgment
                 in
                 Things
                 that
                 depend
                 upon
                 another's
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 regulate
                 them
                 by
                 our
                 own
                 Private
                 Discretion
                 ;
                 for
                 every
                 one
                 has
                 his
                 particular
                 Reasons
                 unknown
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 consonant
                 to
                 his
                 Nature
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 Spring
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 .
                 What
                 to
                 one
                 seems
                 impossible
                 ,
                 another
                 thinks
                 easie
                 :
                 And
                 there
                 be
                 some
                 Genius's
                 that
                 fear
                 not
                 the
                 most
                 hazardous
                 Enterprises
                 ;
                 some
                 that
                 are
                 guided
                 by
                 Reason
                 ,
                 others
                 that
                 are
                 utterly
                 averse
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 most
                 secret
                 Artifices
                 of
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 or
                 those
                 who
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 aim
                 wholly
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Interest
                 ,
                 are
                 such
                 particularly
                 whereby
                 they
                 make
                 their
                 Proposals
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Subtilty
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 redound
                 to
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 really
                 tend
                 to
                 his
                 Ruine
                 ;
                 a
                 Thing
                 his
                 Integrity
                 is
                 easily
                 deluded
                 in
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 want
                 Experience
                 ,
                 or
                 smell
                 not
                 their
                 Drift
                 .
                 It
                 requires
                 therefore
                 no
                 small
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Attention
                 to
                 turn
                 such
                 Counsels
                 to
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 the
                 Authors
                 thereof
                 .
                 Into
                 what
                 Precipes
                 will
                 that
                 Government
                 fall
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 directed
                 by
                 Foreign
                 Councils
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Ghost
                 4
                 .
                 But
                 although
                 an
                 Enemy's
                 Designs
                 are
                 usually
                 discoverable
                 by
                 bare
                 Reasoning
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 convenient
                 to
                 trace
                 them
                 also
                 by
                 Spies
                 ,
                 the
                 principal
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 a
                 Crown
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 secure
                 ,
                 or
                 admit
                 of
                 Encrease
                 ,
                 nor
                 a
                 War
                 be
                 carry'd
                 on
                 with
                 Success
                 5
                 .
                 Vitellius
                 was
                 condemned
                 for
                 being
                 improvident
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 in
                 Warfare
                 ignorant
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 draw
                 up
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 what
                 belong'd
                 to
                 Scouts
                 ,
                 when
                 to
                 prosecute
                 ,
                 when
                 protract
                 a
                 War.
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 of
                 what
                 ill
                 Consequence
                 this
                 Negligence
                 is
                 ,
                 Germany
                 can
                 abundantly
                 testifie
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 lost
                 several
                 advantageous
                 Opportunities
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Soldiers
                 been
                 oftentimes
                 surprized
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 in
                 their
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Designs
                 and
                 Marches
                 6
                 .
                 Ioshua
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 Spies
                 ,
                 though
                 God
                 himself
                 took
                 care
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 7
                 .
                 Moses
                 never
                 March'd
                 ,
                 but
                 an
                 Angel
                 carry'd
                 a
                 Pillar
                 of
                 Fire
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 where
                 to
                 encamp
                 ;
                 yet
                 by
                 God's
                 Command
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 out
                 Men
                 to
                 search
                 the
                 Promis'd
                 Land
                 8
                 .
                 Embassadors
                 are
                 nothing
                 
                 but
                 Publick
                 Spies
                 ;
                 and
                 without
                 prejudice
                 to
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 may
                 endeavour
                 ,
                 by
                 Bribes
                 and
                 Presents
                 ,
                 to
                 corrupt
                 the
                 Fidelity
                 of
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 even
                 by
                 Oaths
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 sift
                 out
                 what
                 ill
                 Contrivances
                 are
                 in
                 Agitation
                 against
                 their
                 Prince
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 are
                 no
                 way
                 obliged
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Secret
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 have
                 on
                 their
                 side
                 the
                 Natural
                 Reason
                 of
                 Self-preservation
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Stone-cutter
                 at
                 Home
                 first
                 prepares
                 and
                 polishes
                 the
                 Marbles
                 he
                 designs
                 for
                 the
                 Ornanament
                 of
                 a
                 Building
                 ;
                 because
                 afterwards
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 troublesome
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Work
                 imperfect
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 
                 Solomon's
                 Temple
                 
                 were
                 fashion'd
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 erected
                 without
                 Noise
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sound
                 of
                 Tools
                 .
                 Thus
                 wise
                 Princes
                 ought
                 to
                 polish
                 their
                 Designs
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 to
                 Maturity
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 Execution
                 ;
                 for
                 not
                 to
                 consider
                 of
                 them
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 like
                 a
                 Gladiator
                 than
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 The
                 Bull
                 (
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 this
                 Emblem
                 )
                 before
                 he
                 engages
                 his
                 Rival
                 ,
                 practises
                 by
                 making
                 Trial
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 often
                 running
                 his
                 Horns
                 against
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 by
                 degrees
                 learns
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Defending
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 Goring
                 his
                 Opposer
                 1
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 is
                 to
                 Consult
                 in
                 heat
                 of
                 Action
                 ,
                 fears
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 knows
                 not
                 what
                 Measures
                 to
                 take
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 Occasions
                 happen
                 not
                 always
                 as
                 we
                 wish
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 in
                 our
                 Power
                 to
                 retard
                 or
                 hasten
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 Prudence
                 to
                 consider
                 whether
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 execute
                 our
                 Resolutions
                 with
                 Leisure
                 or
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 some
                 Affairs
                 require
                 Speed
                 in
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 others
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 mature
                 Consultation
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 offend
                 on
                 either
                 hand
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 when
                 of
                 worse
                 consequence
                 than
                 Rashness
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 to
                 be
                 avoided
                 .
                 In
                 sudden
                 Emergencies
                 ,
                 Counsels
                 are
                 better
                 snatch'd
                 than
                 taken
                 .
                 Whatever
                 Time
                 is
                 spent
                 in
                 Deliberation
                 ,
                 will
                 either
                 overcome
                 the
                 Danger
                 ,
                 or
                 lose
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 .
                 
                 Fortune's
                 nimble
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 generality
                 of
                 Men
                 move
                 but
                 slowly
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 's
                 the
                 reason
                 so
                 few
                 overtake
                 her
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 our
                 Deliberations
                 are
                 upon
                 Things
                 already
                 past
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Counsel
                 comes
                 after
                 the
                 Event
                 2
                 .
                 Our
                 Affairs
                 run
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 swiftness
                 ,
                 that
                 Counsel
                 must
                 be
                 speedy
                 to
                 pursue
                 them
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 even
                 that
                 will
                 be
                 too
                 slow
                 ,
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 readiness
                 to
                 expect
                 them
                 .
                 When
                 Time
                 favours
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 assisted
                 by
                 Delay
                 ;
                 otherwise
                 Expedition
                 surmounts
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 Counsellors
                 of
                 lively
                 ,
                 active
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 are
                 chiefly
                 necessary
                 .
                 Other
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 which
                 allow
                 Time
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 transacted
                 with
                 Maturity
                 ;
                 for
                 nothing
                 is
                 more
                 opposite
                 
                 to
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 than
                 Haste
                 and
                 Passion
                 .
                 Impetuousness
                 ever
                 miscarries
                 ,
                 and
                 Examination
                 and
                 Attention
                 are
                 confounded
                 by
                 it
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 hot
                 ,
                 rash
                 Counsels
                 almost
                 always
                 please
                 at
                 first
                 Sight
                 ;
                 are
                 difficult
                 in
                 the
                 Execution
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 Event
                 grievous
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Persons
                 who
                 suggest
                 them
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 may
                 appear
                 at
                 first
                 daring
                 ,
                 yet
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 execute
                 ,
                 are
                 at
                 a
                 stand
                 ,
                 being
                 embroiled
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Counsels
                 :
                 For
                 Haste
                 is
                 blind
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 Forecast
                 3
                 .
                 Wicked
                 Counsels
                 require
                 Precipitation
                 ,
                 but
                 Good
                 usually
                 get
                 Strength
                 by
                 Delay
                 4
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 love
                 to
                 see
                 Effects
                 before
                 they
                 do
                 Causes
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 always
                 condemn
                 slow
                 Counsels
                 ;
                 yet
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 Proof
                 against
                 these
                 Murmurings
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 upon
                 Success
                 ,
                 will
                 afterwards
                 redound
                 to
                 his
                 Glory
                 5
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 Delay
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 let
                 slip
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 of
                 Execution
                 ;
                 a
                 Fault
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Valens
                 was
                 guilty
                 of
                 ,
                 who
                 idly
                 spent
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 Action
                 in
                 Consultation
                 6
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 general
                 Error
                 in
                 imprudent
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 perplex'd
                 with
                 the
                 Weight
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 can
                 neither
                 judge
                 of
                 the
                 Danger
                 ,
                 nor
                 come
                 to
                 any
                 Conclusion
                 ;
                 whence
                 they
                 start
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 Shadow
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 think
                 by
                 these
                 very
                 Doubts
                 to
                 pass
                 for
                 Discreet
                 .
                 They
                 suspend
                 their
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 till
                 Time
                 it self
                 furnish
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 begin
                 to
                 Resolve
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 is
                 gone
                 .
                 Counsels
                 therefore
                 should
                 be
                 ripened
                 ,
                 not
                 hurried
                 ;
                 for
                 Maturity
                 errs
                 neither
                 in
                 Excess
                 nor
                 Defect
                 of
                 Time
                 :
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 admirably
                 express'd
                 by
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Device
                 of
                 a
                 Dolphin
                 twin'd
                 round
                 an
                 Anchor
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Inscription
                 ,
                 
                   Festina
                   lente
                
                 ;
                 with
                 which
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Alexander
                   the
                   Great
                
                 is
                 not
                 incompatible
                 ,
                 
                   Nihil
                   cunctando
                
                 :
                 the
                 one
                 being
                 understood
                 of
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 concerning
                 those
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 where
                 Expedition
                 gives
                 Success
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 Designs
                 .
                 Cerealis
                 
                 succeeded
                 well
                 in
                 all
                 Things
                 ,
                 by
                 Resolving
                 and
                 Executing
                 with
                 Expedition
                 7
                 .
                 But
                 notwithstanding
                 Speed
                 does
                 generally
                 produce
                 great
                 Effects
                 in
                 War
                 ;
                 yet
                 Care
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 blind
                 and
                 inconsiderate
                 ,
                 beginning
                 briskly
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 languisheth
                 8
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Thing
                 it self
                 admits
                 of
                 Delay
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 room
                 for
                 Deliberation
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 of
                 more
                 service
                 than
                 Rashness
                 9
                 :
                 Though
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Prudence
                 should
                 measure
                 Time
                 ,
                 either
                 lest
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 it
                 the
                 Counsels
                 be
                 like
                 Whelps
                 ,
                 born
                 blind
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 Hedghogs
                 with
                 Prickles
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 too
                 slow
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 therefore
                 Orders
                 come
                 first
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Hand
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 Absolute
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 Confusion
                 or
                 Doubt
                 in
                 their
                 Execution
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 most
                 prudent
                 Ministers
                 can
                 never
                 perform
                 as
                 they
                 ought
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 come
                 to
                 them
                 rough
                 and
                 deformed
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 for
                 him
                 that
                 Commands
                 to
                 prescribe
                 the
                 Form
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Subject
                 to
                 Execute
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 each
                 do
                 not
                 keep
                 to
                 their
                 distinct
                 Duties
                 ,
                 the
                 Work
                 will
                 remain
                 defective
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 should
                 do
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Master-Workman
                 ,
                 the
                 Minister
                 that
                 of
                 an
                 inferior
                 Labourer
                 .
                 That
                 Prince
                 who
                 leaves
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Disposal
                 of
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 either
                 is
                 ignorant
                 or
                 weary
                 of
                 his
                 Office.
                 'T
                 is
                 an
                 ill-constituted
                 Government
                 ,
                 where
                 ●ower
                 is
                 lodg'd
                 in
                 many
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 indeed
                 no
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 under
                 one
                 Head.
                 If
                 Ministers
                 Rule
                 ,
                 all
                 Authority
                 and
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 Government
                 will
                 perish
                 .
                 Then
                 only
                 they
                 may
                 and
                 ought
                 to
                 suspend
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 Orders
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 same
                 appear
                 evidently
                 unjust
                 ,
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 born
                 for
                 God
                 ,
                 before
                 their
                 Prince
                 .
                 As
                 also
                 when
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Commands
                 are
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 his
                 Patrimony
                 or
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 or
                 inconsistent
                 with
                 good
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 some
                 particular
                 Matters
                 of
                 Fact
                 ,
                 or
                 lastly
                 ,
                 when
                 Distance
                 or
                 other
                 Accidents
                 shall
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 made
                 such
                 an
                 Alteration
                 
                 in
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 probably
                 gather'd
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 Prince
                 known
                 these
                 before
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 given
                 those
                 Orders
                 ;
                 in
                 this
                 Case
                 ,
                 provided
                 however
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 other
                 considerable
                 Danger
                 in
                 Delaying
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 deferred
                 and
                 excepted
                 against
                 ,
                 modestly
                 however
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Respect
                 due
                 to
                 his
                 Authority
                 and
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Hope
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 that
                 upon
                 better
                 Information
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 Command
                 what
                 is
                 more
                 proper
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 Thus
                 the
                 
                   Great
                   Captain
                
                 did
                 ,
                 when
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Orders
                 of
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 ,
                 he
                 stay'd
                 at
                 Naples
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 considering
                 with
                 what
                 Impatience
                 the
                 Italian
                 Princes
                 expected
                 the
                 Result
                 of
                 the
                 Interview
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Son-in-Law
                 ,
                 Philip
                 I.
                 and
                 what
                 a
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Naples
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 abandon'd
                 them
                 at
                 that
                 Juncture
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Minister
                 know
                 his
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Lover
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 as
                 rather
                 to
                 do
                 amiss
                 ,
                 than
                 admit
                 of
                 Instruction
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 hold
                 his
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 and
                 Dissemble
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 were
                 downright
                 Folly
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 expose
                 himself
                 to
                 Danger
                 ,
                 without
                 hopes
                 of
                 a
                 Remedy
                 .
                 Corbulo
                 was
                 already
                 engaged
                 in
                 some
                 considerable
                 Enterprize
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Emperor
                 having
                 Commanded
                 him
                 to
                 desist
                 ,
                 he
                 retir'd
                 :
                 For
                 tho'
                 he
                 knew
                 those
                 Orders
                 were
                 unadvisedly
                 given
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 ruine
                 himself
                 by
                 Disobeying
                 them
                 10
                 .
              
               
                 No
                 Orders
                 require
                 so
                 punctual
                 Observance
                 in
                 the
                 Minister
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 which
                 relate
                 to
                 Matters
                 of
                 State.
                 In
                 this
                 Case
                 (
                 unless
                 the
                 above-mention'd
                 Circumstances
                 occurr
                 ,
                 or
                 there
                 be
                 otherwise
                 any
                 considerable
                 evident
                 Danger
                 in
                 the
                 Execution
                 )
                 he
                 is
                 implicitly
                 to
                 Obey
                 ,
                 without
                 giving
                 any
                 heed
                 to
                 his
                 private
                 Opinion
                 and
                 Arg●ments
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Designs
                 of
                 Princes
                 are
                 often
                 too
                 deeply
                 rooted
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 penetrated
                 by
                 the
                 Minister
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 him
                 dive
                 into
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 therefore
                 he
                 should
                 side
                 with
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 presume
                 upon
                 his
                 Prudence
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 .
                 Hence
                 Dolabella
                 ,
                 when
                 Commanded
                 by
                 Tiberius
                 to
                 bring
                 the
                 Ninth
                 Legion
                 out
                 of
                 Germany
                 ,
                 readily
                 Obeyed
                 ,
                 although
                 he
                 wanted
                 not
                 Reasons
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 11
                 .
                 If
                 every
                 one
                 had
                 liberty
                 to
                 canvas
                 and
                 examine
                 what
                 is
                 enjoined
                 ,
                 all
                 things
                 would
                 be
                 confounded
                 ,
                 and
                 infinite
                 Opportunities
                 lost
                 .
                 A
                 Kingdom
                 (
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 elsewhere
                 )
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 Musical
                 Instrument
                 ,
                 whose
                 Strings
                 the
                 Prince
                 tunes
                 ,
                 who
                 runs
                 them
                 all
                 over
                 with
                 his
                 Fingers
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 Minister
                 touches
                 only
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 hearing
                 the
                 rest
                 sound
                 ,
                 cannot
                 know
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 too
                 high
                 or
                 too
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 very
                 easily
                 be
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 set
                 it
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Fancy
                 .
                 The
                 Count
                 
                   de
                   Fuentes
                
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 liberty
                 of
                 his
                 Years
                 ,
                 Zeal
                 ,
                 Services
                 and
                 Experiences
                 ,
                 crowned
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 signal
                 Trophies
                 and
                 Victories
                 gave
                 him
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 (
                 while
                 he
                 governed
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Milan
                 )
                 suspended
                 his
                 Obedience
                 to
                 King
                 Philip
                 the
                 Third's
                 Orders
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 ●udged
                 them
                 improper
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 proceed
                 rather
                 from
                 the
                 Self-Interest
                 or
                 Ignorance
                 of
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 Mind
                 :
                 Which
                 Example
                 many
                 afterwards
                 have
                 followed
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Repose
                 ,
                 and
                 Regal
                 Authority
                 .
                 It
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 very
                 ill
                 Consequence
                 ,
                 for
                 Ministers
                 to
                 be
                 always
                 allow'd
                 to
                 question
                 ,
                 whether
                 what
                 is
                 Commanded
                 ,
                 be
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Will
                 or
                 not
                 ;
                 an
                 Abuse
                 which
                 usually
                 has
                 its
                 first
                 Rise
                 from
                 their
                 knowing
                 it
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 that
                 proportions
                 and
                 polishes
                 the
                 Stones
                 designed
                 for
                 the
                 Edifice
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 But
                 suppose
                 it
                 be
                 another's
                 ,
                 yet
                 due
                 Honour
                 and
                 submission
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 to
                 the
                 Commands
                 ,
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 if
                 they
                 came
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 Will
                 and
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 nothing
                 but
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Disorder
                 .
                 Zealous
                 and
                 Prudent
                 Obedience
                 reverences
                 the
                 bare
                 Hand
                 and
                 Seal
                 of
                 its
                 Sovereign
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 Princes
                 are
                 too
                 remote
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 Danger
                 of
                 their
                 Orders
                 coming
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 even
                 after
                 the
                 Event
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 variety
                 of
                 Accidents
                 (
                 particularly
                 in
                 Affairs
                 of
                 War
                 )
                 
                 may
                 not
                 allow
                 Time
                 for
                 Deliberation
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 be
                 certain
                 Intelligence
                 that
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 will
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 lost
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 Prudence
                 to
                 give
                 full
                 Power
                 of
                 Acting
                 as
                 Occasion
                 shall
                 require
                 ,
                 lest
                 that
                 happen
                 which
                 befell
                 Vespasian
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Civil
                 War
                 with
                 Vitellius
                 ,
                 when
                 Distance
                 of
                 Place
                 made
                 the
                 Counsels
                 come
                 after
                 the
                 Events
                 .
                 To
                 avoid
                 which
                 Inconveniency
                 ,
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 upon
                 sending
                 Drusus
                 to
                 Command
                 the
                 German
                 Legions
                 ,
                 joined
                 with
                 him
                 some
                 Prudent
                 and
                 Experienc'd
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 might
                 Consult
                 as
                 Occasion
                 required
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 full
                 Power
                 to
                 Act
                 as
                 he
                 saw
                 Opportunity
                 .
                 When
                 
                   Helvidius
                   Priscus
                
                 was
                 sent
                 into
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Commission
                 to
                 Act
                 as
                 he
                 saw
                 Occasion
                 .
                 In●fine
                 ,
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 usual
                 Practice
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 ,
                 to
                 leave
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Discretion
                 and
                 Conduct
                 of
                 their
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 recommend
                 nothing
                 in
                 particular
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 all
                 possible
                 Care
                 that
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 suffer'd
                 no
                 Damage
                 .
                 An
                 Example
                 the
                 Republicks
                 of
                 Venice
                 and
                 Florence
                 are
                 far
                 from
                 imitating
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 unwilling
                 to
                 let
                 their
                 Liberty
                 lie
                 at
                 the
                 Mercy
                 of
                 one
                 Man
                 ,
                 restrain
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 their
                 Generals
                 ;
                 being
                 forewarned
                 by
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 who
                 turned
                 the
                 Arms
                 upon
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 up
                 in
                 its
                 Defence
                 against
                 
                   Mark
                   Anthony
                
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Freedom
                 of
                 Power
                 the
                 Ministers
                 who
                 are
                 near
                 the
                 King's
                 Person
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 limit
                 ,
                 to
                 encrease
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 it
                 necessary
                 for
                 all
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 their
                 Hands
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 so
                 much
                 Time
                 is
                 spent
                 in
                 Deliberating
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Resolutions
                 are
                 taken
                 too
                 late
                 to
                 be
                 executed
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Success
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 expected
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 the
                 Charges
                 and
                 Pains
                 in
                 Preventing
                 is
                 utterly
                 thrown
                 away
                 .
                 It
                 happens
                 also
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 that
                 while
                 there
                 passes
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Space
                 of
                 Time
                 between
                 the
                 Accidents
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 being
                 known
                 and
                 examined
                 ,
                 fresh
                 Advice
                 is
                 brought
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 with
                 new
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 it
                 necessary
                 to
                 alter
                 the
                 former
                 Orders
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 this
                 manner
                 Days
                 and
                 Years
                 slide
                 away
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Effect
                 either
                 of
                 Resolution
                 or
                 Action
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXXI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Forces
                 of
                 all
                 Powers
                 are
                 limited
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 Ambition
                 alone
                 (
                 the
                 common
                 Vice
                 of
                 Humane
                 Nature
                 )
                 infinite
                 .
                 This
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 has
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 desires
                 to
                 have
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 fiery
                 Appetite
                 by
                 the
                 Heart
                 exhaled
                 ,
                 which
                 draws
                 Strength
                 and
                 Encrease
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 Matter
                 it
                 is
                 apply'd
                 to
                 .
                 This
                 Failing
                 is
                 greater
                 in
                 Princes
                 than
                 in
                 other
                 Men
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 the
                 Desire
                 of
                 Getting
                 is
                 joined
                 that
                 Glory
                 of
                 Commanding
                 ,
                 both
                 which
                 neither
                 submit
                 to
                 Reason
                 nor
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 hate
                 to
                 measure
                 themselves
                 by
                 their
                 Abilities
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 weigh
                 well
                 what
                 his
                 Sword
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 strike
                 ,
                 what
                 his
                 Shield
                 to
                 defend
                 ,
                 always
                 remembring
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Crown
                 is
                 a
                 finite
                 and
                 
                 limited
                 Circle
                 .
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Undertakings
                 ,
                 never
                 failed
                 to
                 consider
                 every
                 Circumstance
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 their
                 Cause
                 ,
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 Time
                 ,
                 Means
                 ,
                 and
                 End.
                 He
                 who
                 attempts
                 nothing
                 but
                 what
                 he
                 can
                 effect
                 ,
                 will
                 pass
                 for
                 Invincible
                 ;
                 whereas
                 one
                 that
                 aspires
                 to
                 a
                 Thing
                 impossible
                 ,
                 or
                 too
                 difficult
                 ,
                 discovers
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 frustrated
                 Designs
                 are
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 ,
                 publick
                 Records
                 of
                 his
                 Weakness
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Monarchy
                 so
                 Potent
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 upheld
                 more
                 by
                 Opinion
                 than
                 Reality
                 ,
                 by
                 Reputation
                 than
                 Strength
                 .
                 Desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 and
                 Sovereignty
                 hurry
                 us
                 on
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 things
                 seem
                 easie
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 we
                 meet
                 with
                 Difficulties
                 unobserved
                 before
                 .
                 Almost
                 all
                 Wars
                 might
                 be
                 avoided
                 ,
                 were
                 their
                 Means
                 and
                 End
                 throughly
                 examined
                 at
                 first
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 therefore
                 incumbent
                 on
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 engage
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 perfectly
                 to
                 know
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 Offensive
                 as
                 Defensive
                 ,
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 his
                 Malitia
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 Officers
                 he
                 has
                 to
                 Command
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Substance
                 of
                 his
                 Coffers
                 ,
                 what
                 Contributions
                 he
                 may
                 expect
                 from
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 whether
                 they
                 be
                 like
                 to
                 continue
                 Loyal
                 in
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 also
                 by
                 Study
                 ,
                 Reading
                 and
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 to
                 instruct
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Disposition
                 and
                 Situation
                 of
                 Countries
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Customs
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 the
                 Natures
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 their
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 Auxiliaries
                 and
                 Allies
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 measure
                 every
                 one's
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 examine
                 wherein
                 his
                 Strength
                 consists
                 .
                 Henry
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 his
                 Sickness
                 ,
                 never
                 neglected
                 this
                 ,
                 but
                 sent
                 several
                 Embassadors
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Asia
                 ,
                 to
                 inform
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Manners
                 and
                 Customs
                 of
                 those
                 Parts
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 did
                 Moses
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Israelites
                 entred
                 the
                 Promised
                 Land
                 1
                 .
                 And
                 lest
                 the
                 Prince
                 we
                 frame
                 by
                 these
                 Emblems
                 should
                 want
                 this
                 Matter
                 also
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 here
                 ,
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 touch
                 upon
                 some
                 Points
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 with
                 what
                 brevity
                 the
                 present
                 Design
                 requires
                 .
              
               
                 Nature
                 ,
                 willing
                 to
                 shew
                 her
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Power
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 variety
                 of
                 her
                 Productions
                 ,
                 has
                 stampt
                 a
                 Difference
                 
                 not
                 only
                 upon
                 the
                 Faces
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 on
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 Men
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 vast
                 Disagreement
                 between
                 the
                 Tempers
                 and
                 Morals
                 of
                 Nations
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 she
                 has
                 variously
                 disposed
                 the
                 Causes
                 themselves
                 ;
                 which
                 either
                 jointly
                 all
                 operate
                 in
                 some
                 Places
                 ,
                 or
                 separately
                 ;
                 in
                 these
                 some
                 ,
                 in
                 those
                 others
                 .
                 Geographers
                 have
                 divided
                 the
                 Globe
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 into
                 divers
                 Climates
                 ,
                 each
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 a
                 particular
                 Planet
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 principal
                 Cause
                 and
                 Fountain
                 of
                 that
                 Diversity
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 the
                 First
                 Climate
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 through
                 Meroe
                 ,
                 an
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 Black
                 ,
                 Barbarous
                 ,
                 Rough
                 ,
                 Suspicious
                 ,
                 Treacherous
                 ,
                 and
                 Cannibals
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 attributed
                 to
                 Iupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 passes
                 through
                 Siene
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 are
                 Religious
                 ,
                 Grave
                 ,
                 Honest
                 and
                 Prudent
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 Mars
                 ,
                 and
                 reaches
                 through
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 are
                 Restless
                 and
                 Warlike
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 under
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 stretch'd
                 through
                 the
                 Isle
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 and
                 the
                 Midst
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 are
                 Men
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 Orators
                 ,
                 Poets
                 ,
                 and
                 Ingenious
                 Artists
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 which
                 passes
                 through
                 Rome
                 ,
                 dividing
                 Italy
                 from
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 ascribed
                 to
                 Venus
                 ,
                 are
                 Effeminate
                 ,
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Musick
                 and
                 Luxury
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 Sixth
                 ,
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 through
                 France
                 ,
                 are
                 Fickle
                 ,
                 Inconstant
                 ,
                 and
                 addicted
                 to
                 Sciences
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 Seventh
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Moon
                 presides
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 is
                 extended
                 through
                 Germany
                 ,
                 the
                 Low-Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 England
                 ,
                 are
                 Flegmatick
                 ,
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Good-Fellowship
                 ,
                 Fishing
                 ,
                 and
                 Trading
                 .
              
               
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 this
                 one
                 Cause
                 seems
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 always
                 uniform
                 ,
                 nor
                 sufficient
                 :
                 For
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 Parallel
                 or
                 Climate
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Elevation
                 of
                 the
                 Pole
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 equal
                 Rising
                 and
                 Setting
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 we
                 see
                 opposite
                 Effects
                 ,
                 particularly
                 in
                 the
                 Climates
                 of
                 the
                 Lower
                 Hemisphere
                 .
                 In
                 Aethiopia
                 ,
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Sun's
                 Beams
                 scorch
                 and
                 blacken
                 Mens
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 Brasil
                 ,
                 which
                 
                 has
                 the
                 same
                 Latitude
                 ,
                 their
                 Skins
                 are
                 White
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Air
                 Temperate
                 and
                 Agreeable
                 .
                 The
                 Ancients
                 held
                 the
                 Torrid
                 Zone
                 ,
                 for
                 its
                 excessive
                 Heat
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 uninhabitable
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 Armenia
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 Temperate
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 Peopled
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 those
                 Eternal
                 Luminaries
                 of
                 Heaven
                 have
                 some
                 energy
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Disposition
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 contributes
                 more
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 find
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 their
                 Rays
                 to
                 be
                 greater
                 or
                 varied
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 various
                 Situation
                 of
                 Hills
                 and
                 Valleys
                 ,
                 and
                 temper'd
                 even
                 by
                 Rivers
                 and
                 Lakes
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 undeniable
                 ,
                 That
                 Nature
                 is
                 wonderful
                 in
                 her
                 Works
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 she
                 sometimes
                 seems
                 to
                 swerve
                 from
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Laws
                 of
                 Causes
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 Reason
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 baffle
                 Humane
                 Curiosity
                 .
                 Who
                 can
                 account
                 for
                 what
                 we
                 see
                 happen
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Malabar
                 ,
                 where
                 Calecut
                 is
                 ?
                 Vast
                 high
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 which
                 touch
                 the
                 very
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 and
                 end
                 in
                 a
                 Promontory
                 call'd
                 anciently
                 Corus
                 ,
                 now
                 Cape
                 Comorin
                 ,
                 divide
                 this
                 Country
                 into
                 two
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 altho'
                 both
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Elevation
                 of
                 the
                 Pole
                 ,
                 yet
                 when
                 on
                 this
                 side
                 the
                 Mountains
                 Winter
                 begins
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Neptune's
                 Billows
                 rage
                 and
                 swell
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 the
                 Fields
                 and
                 Towns
                 are
                 burnt
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 scorching
                 Heats
                 of
                 Summer
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Waters
                 continually
                 calm
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Diversity
                 then
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 Climates
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Situation
                 of
                 Places
                 ,
                 the
                 Temperature
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 Food
                 ,
                 variously
                 distinguishes
                 Mens
                 Complexions
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 again
                 their
                 very
                 Natures
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Manners
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 follow
                 the
                 Temperament
                 and
                 Disposition
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 The
                 Northerns
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Remoteness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Coldness
                 of
                 their
                 Countries
                 ,
                 are
                 Sanguine
                 ,
                 Robust
                 ,
                 and
                 Valiant
                 ;
                 whence
                 they
                 have
                 almost
                 ever
                 had
                 Dominion
                 over
                 the
                 Southern
                 Nations
                 2
                 ;
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 over
                 the
                 Chaldaeans
                 ,
                 the
                 Medes
                 over
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 ,
                 the
                 Parthians
                 over
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 the
                 Turks
                 over
                 the
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 the
                 Goths
                 over
                 the
                 Germans
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 over
                 the
                 Africans
                 ,
                 over
                 the
                 French
                 the
                 English
                 ,
                 and
                 over
                 these
                 the
                 Scotch
                 .
                 They
                 
                 love
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 also
                 do
                 who
                 inhabit
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Switzers
                   ,
                   Grisons
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Biscayners
                 ,
                 their
                 Temperament
                 being
                 not
                 much
                 unlike
                 the
                 Constitution
                 of
                 the
                 Northerns
                 .
                 In
                 Nations
                 very
                 near
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 Excess
                 of
                 Heat
                 quite
                 dries
                 up
                 the
                 Blood
                 ;
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 Melancholy
                 ,
                 and
                 Profound
                 in
                 the
                 Penetration
                 of
                 Nature's
                 Secrets
                 ;
                 whence
                 all
                 other
                 Northerly
                 Nations
                 have
                 received
                 the
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 Sciences
                 from
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 and
                 Arabians
                 .
                 Those
                 Countries
                 which
                 lie
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Torrid
                 Zones
                 enjoy
                 a
                 favourable
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Justice
                 and
                 Prudence
                 Flourish
                 3
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 every
                 Nation
                 differs
                 from
                 others
                 in
                 many
                 Particulars
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 situate
                 under
                 one
                 Climate
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 here
                 set
                 down
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 by
                 long
                 Experience
                 and
                 Study
                 observed
                 of
                 each
                 ,
                 lest
                 this
                 necessary
                 piece
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 should
                 be
                 wanting
                 to
                 your
                 Highness
                 ,
                 who
                 exercise
                 Dominion
                 over
                 almost
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spaniards
                 love
                 Religion
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 are
                 patient
                 of
                 Toil
                 ,
                 in
                 Counsel
                 profound
                 ,
                 in
                 Execution
                 slow
                 ;
                 of
                 such
                 great
                 Souls
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 Good
                 Fortune
                 elevates
                 ,
                 nor
                 Ill
                 dejects
                 them
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 in
                 them
                 a
                 Natural
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 Greatness
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 is
                 imputed
                 to
                 them
                 for
                 Pride
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Contempt
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 when
                 notwithstanding
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 agreeable
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 them
                 most
                 esteemed
                 4
                 ;
                 that
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 which
                 above
                 all
                 follows
                 the
                 guidance
                 of
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Dictates
                 of
                 that
                 checks
                 its
                 Passions
                 and
                 Appetites
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Africans
                 are
                 Subtile
                 ,
                 Deceitful
                 ,
                 Superstitious
                 and
                 Barbarous
                 ,
                 and
                 observe
                 no
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Italians
                 Cautious
                 and
                 Prudent
                 :
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 Species
                 or
                 Image
                 of
                 Vertue
                 which
                 they
                 represent
                 not
                 in
                 their
                 Words
                 and
                 Behaviour
                 ,
                 to
                 promote
                 their
                 Ends
                 and
                 Interest
                 .
                 A
                 Glorious
                 Nation
                 ,
                 whose
                 Temporal
                 Empire
                 
                 did
                 heretofore
                 ,
                 as
                 its
                 Spiritual
                 one
                 does
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 Rule
                 almost
                 the
                 whole
                 World.
                 They
                 are
                 no
                 less
                 able
                 and
                 fit
                 to
                 Command
                 ,
                 than
                 Obey
                 ;
                 of
                 Prodigious
                 Courage
                 and
                 Ingenuity
                 in
                 Arts
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 Peace
                 as
                 War.
                 Their
                 excess
                 of
                 Judgment
                 makes
                 them
                 enclinable
                 to
                 Suspicion
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 in
                 continual
                 fear
                 and
                 jealousie
                 of
                 greater
                 Powers
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 endeavour
                 to
                 balance
                 them
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 not
                 a
                 Sword
                 drawn
                 ,
                 nor
                 Pike
                 trail'd
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 first
                 made
                 and
                 sharpened
                 in
                 the
                 Forge
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Germany
                 ,
                 variety
                 of
                 Religions
                 ,
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 serving
                 there
                 ,
                 have
                 corrupted
                 their
                 ancient
                 Candour
                 and
                 Ingenuity
                 of
                 Mind
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 things
                 of
                 a
                 Delicate
                 Make
                 receive
                 most
                 Damage
                 by
                 being
                 corrupted
                 ;
                 so
                 where
                 Foreign
                 Malice
                 has
                 infected
                 these
                 People
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 render'd
                 them
                 more
                 Mistrustful
                 and
                 Depraved
                 in
                 their
                 Morals
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 have
                 wholly
                 thrown
                 off
                 Allegiance
                 to
                 their
                 Prince
                 .
                 The
                 Horror
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Cruelties
                 has
                 render'd
                 their
                 Minds
                 so
                 Savage
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 neither
                 touch'd
                 with
                 Love
                 nor
                 Compassion
                 towards
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 or
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 One
                 cannot
                 ,
                 without
                 Tears
                 ,
                 compare
                 what
                 this
                 Illustrious
                 Heroick
                 Nation
                 has
                 been
                 ,
                 with
                 what
                 it
                 is
                 now
                 ,
                 ruin'd
                 no
                 less
                 by
                 the
                 Vices
                 ,
                 than
                 Arms
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 Although
                 this
                 must
                 be
                 confess'd
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Nature
                 has
                 had
                 more
                 Force
                 than
                 Example
                 ,
                 several
                 still
                 refaining
                 the
                 Candour
                 and
                 generous
                 Sincerity
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ;
                 those
                 ancient
                 Manners
                 are
                 yet
                 in
                 our
                 Time
                 sufficiently
                 demonstrated
                 by
                 the
                 Integrity
                 and
                 Nobleness
                 of
                 these
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 tho'
                 the
                 Case
                 be
                 thus
                 in
                 Germany
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 cannot
                 deny
                 but
                 Good
                 Manners
                 have
                 more
                 In●●●nce
                 there
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 other
                 Places
                 Good
                 Laws
                 5
                 .
                 All
                 Arts
                 are
                 in
                 request
                 there
                 ;
                 Nobility
                 is
                 most
                 diligently
                 preserved
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Thing
                 it
                 may
                 boast
                 above
                 all
                 other
                 
                 Nations
                 .
                 Their
                 Obedience
                 and
                 Patience
                 in
                 War
                 is
                 great
                 ,
                 their
                 Hearts
                 strenuous
                 and
                 valiant
                 .
                 The
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 perished
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 too
                 prodigal
                 of
                 it
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Majesty
                 among
                 the
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 suffering
                 the
                 Usurpation
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 too
                 great
                 Liberty
                 of
                 the
                 Free
                 Towns
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 Rise
                 of
                 its
                 Troubles
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Disunion
                 of
                 the
                 Parts
                 of
                 so
                 Puissant
                 a
                 Body
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 French
                 are
                 Civil
                 ,
                 Affable
                 ,
                 and
                 Warlike
                 :
                 Their
                 first
                 Onsets
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Speed
                 they
                 are
                 heated
                 ,
                 cool
                 again
                 .
                 They
                 neither
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 keep
                 within
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 nor
                 preserve
                 themselves
                 in
                 another
                 Land
                 ;
                 are
                 Impatient
                 and
                 Fickle
                 ;
                 in
                 Look
                 lovely
                 ,
                 in
                 Manners
                 intolerable
                 ;
                 their
                 Vivacity
                 ,
                 and
                 Freedom
                 of
                 Action
                 ,
                 being
                 very
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Gravity
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
                 All
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 flourish
                 among
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 English
                 are
                 Grave
                 and
                 Resolute
                 ,
                 have
                 a
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 themselves
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 when
                 Occasion
                 requires
                 ,
                 undauntedly
                 expose
                 their
                 Lives
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 though
                 sometimes
                 carry'd
                 on
                 by
                 too
                 bold
                 and
                 impetuous
                 Passion
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 premeditated
                 Choice
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 excellent
                 and
                 Powerful
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 Soldiers
                 also
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 when
                 by
                 long
                 Use
                 inured
                 to
                 Arms.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Irish
                 are
                 Hardy
                 ;
                 despise
                 Arts
                 ,
                 and
                 proudly
                 boast
                 of
                 their
                 Extraction
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Scots
                 are
                 Constant
                 and
                 Faithful
                 to
                 their
                 Kings
                 ,
                 having
                 continued
                 the
                 Crown
                 in
                 one
                 Line
                 for
                 Twenty
                 Ages
                 down
                 to
                 these
                 Times
                 .
                 They
                 know
                 no
                 other
                 Tribunal
                 of
                 their
                 Anger
                 and
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Sword.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Netherlands
                 are
                 Industrious
                 ,
                 Men
                 of
                 Candour
                 and
                 Sincerity
                 ,
                 fit
                 for
                 Arts
                 both
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 that
                 Soil
                 has
                 always
                 produced
                 Eminent
                 Men.
                 They
                 love
                 Religion
                 and
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 know
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 cheat
                 others
                 ,
                 nor
                 will
                 they
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 cheated
                 .
                 Their
                 kind
                 Natures
                 are
                 like
                 melted
                 Metals
                 ,
                 which
                 afterwards
                 consolidated
                 ,
                 always
                 retain
                 the
                 Impression
                 of
                 their
                 Jealousies
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 Wit
                 and
                 Address
                 of
                 Count
                 Maurice
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 an
                 Aversion
                 to
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 
                 ●●d
                 under
                 a
                 Pretence
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 bring
                 on
                 them
                 that
                 Yoke
                 of
                 Slavery
                 under
                 which
                 the
                 
                   Vnited
                   Provinces
                
                 live
                 even
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 6
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Northern
                 Nations
                 are
                 Wild
                 and
                 Ungovernable
                 ;
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 Conquer
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain
                 their
                 Conquests
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Polanders
                 are
                 Martial
                 ,
                 but
                 better
                 at
                 Preserving
                 than
                 Acquiring
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Hungarians
                 Haughty
                 ,
                 and
                 resolute
                 Assertors
                 of
                 their
                 Privileges
                 .
                 They
                 retain
                 also
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Manners
                 of
                 those
                 Nations
                 which
                 have
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 for
                 or
                 against
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sclavonians
                 Fierce
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Greeks
                 Vain
                 ,
                 Superstitious
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 Faith
                 ;
                 forgetful
                 now
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 heretofore
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Asiaticks
                 are
                 Slaves
                 to
                 their
                 Sovereigns
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 Vices
                 also
                 ,
                 and
                 Superstitions
                 .
                 That
                 vast
                 Empire
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 raised
                 and
                 is
                 still
                 supported
                 more
                 by
                 our
                 Cowardice
                 than
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 that
                 People
                 ,
                 more
                 for
                 our
                 Punishment
                 than
                 their
                 Desert
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Moscovites
                 and
                 Tartars
                 are
                 naturally
                 Servile
                 ;
                 rush
                 with
                 heat
                 into
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 presently
                 fly
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 these
                 General
                 Observations
                 comprehend
                 not
                 without
                 Exception
                 every
                 Individual
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 are
                 found
                 some
                 Grateful
                 and
                 Loyal
                 Persons
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 Ungrateful
                 and
                 Perfidious
                 Nation
                 ,
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 Alteration
                 of
                 Governments
                 ,
                 passing
                 from
                 one
                 Nation
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 Inter-Marriages
                 ,
                 War
                 ,
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 very
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Spheres
                 which
                 from
                 the
                 Poles
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 Zodiack
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Primum
                   Mobile
                
                 derive
                 on
                 Things
                 here
                 below
                 Celestial
                 Influences
                 ,
                 change
                 Customs
                 and
                 Manners
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 even
                 Nature
                 it self
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 we
                 consult
                 Histories
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 the
                 Germans
                 were
                 noted
                 for
                 their
                 Bravery
                 ;
                 the
                 Italians
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 branded
                 with
                 Cowardice
                 :
                 a
                 Difference
                 not
                 visible
                 now
                 .
                 Nations
                 have
                 
                 been
                 uppermost
                 by
                 turns
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 Monarchy
                 lasted
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 Vertues
                 ,
                 Arts
                 and
                 Arms
                 flourished
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 been
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Empires
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 buried
                 in
                 its
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 it
                 revived
                 again
                 in
                 another
                 Place
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 all
                 Nations
                 have
                 some
                 peculiar
                 Inclinations
                 and
                 Passions
                 ,
                 which
                 insensibly
                 stick
                 to
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 make
                 any
                 considerable
                 Stay
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Customs
                 then
                 of
                 Nations
                 being
                 known
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 will
                 be
                 able
                 far
                 better
                 to
                 manage
                 Affairs
                 whether
                 of
                 Peace
                 or
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 rule
                 Foreign
                 Countries
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 enclines
                 to
                 a
                 particular
                 Manner
                 of
                 Government
                 7
                 ,
                 as
                 conformable
                 to
                 its
                 Nature
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 not
                 all
                 an
                 Uniform
                 Reason
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 one
                 Medicine
                 is
                 a
                 Cure
                 for
                 all
                 their
                 Diseases
                 .
                 And
                 herein
                 Unexperienc'd
                 Counsellors
                 are
                 generally
                 out
                 ,
                 who
                 think
                 others
                 can
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 the
                 Maxims
                 and
                 Principles
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 States
                 .
                 The
                 Bit
                 which
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 the
                 Spaniard
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 to
                 the
                 Italian
                 and
                 Netherlander
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 ways
                 of
                 Dressing
                 ,
                 Managing
                 and
                 Breaking
                 the
                 Horses
                 of
                 
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Naples
                
                 and
                 Hungary
                 are
                 different
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 Species
                 ;
                 so
                 Nations
                 also
                 should
                 be
                 differently
                 govern'd
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Natures
                 ,
                 Customs
                 and
                 Habits
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 this
                 variety
                 of
                 Peoples
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 gather
                 ,
                 how
                 careful
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 sending
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 only
                 endued
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Representation
                 of
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 Exercise
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ;
                 but
                 withal
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Natures
                 ,
                 Wit
                 and
                 Manners
                 ,
                 agree
                 with
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 treat
                 with
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 this
                 Conformity
                 be
                 wanting
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 fitter
                 to
                 kindle
                 War
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 ;
                 to
                 excite
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 than
                 procure
                 Love.
                 Hence
                 God
                 himself
                 was
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 in
                 Suspence
                 ,
                 and
                 Dubious
                 in
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 a
                 Minister
                 to
                 send
                 to
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 deliberates
                 thus
                 with
                 himself
                 ;
                 
                   Whom
                   shall
                   I
                   send
                   ,
                   and
                   who
                   will
                   go
                   for
                   us
                
                 8
                 ?
                 Every
                 
                 Court
                 requires
                 a
                 Minister
                 suitable
                 to
                 its
                 Nature
                 .
                 In
                 that
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 Men
                 of
                 Thought
                 are
                 approved
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 perfectly
                 versed
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Dissimulation
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 betray
                 any
                 Passion
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 their
                 Speech
                 or
                 Looks
                 :
                 such
                 as
                 appear
                 Sincere
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 Subtile
                 and
                 Prudent
                 ;
                 who
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 Oblige
                 all
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 Obliged
                 to
                 none
                 ;
                 are
                 Civil
                 in
                 Negotiations
                 ,
                 Easie
                 in
                 Treaties
                 ,
                 Reserved
                 in
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 Constant
                 in
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 Friends
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 Intimate
                 with
                 none
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Emperor's
                 Court
                 requires
                 a
                 Man
                 who
                 maintains
                 his
                 Authority
                 without
                 Pride
                 ,
                 who
                 Speaks
                 with
                 Sincerity
                 ,
                 Proposes
                 with
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 Answers
                 with
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 Expects
                 with
                 Patience
                 ;
                 who
                 anticipates
                 not
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 but
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 when
                 they
                 happen
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 is
                 Cautious
                 in
                 Promising
                 ,
                 Exact
                 in
                 performing
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 French
                 Court
                 likes
                 Men
                 of
                 Facetious
                 ,
                 Pleasant
                 Humours
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 mix
                 Seriousness
                 with
                 Gaiety
                 ;
                 that
                 neither
                 despise
                 ,
                 nor
                 very
                 much
                 regard
                 Promises
                 ;
                 who
                 change
                 with
                 the
                 Times
                 ,
                 though
                 more
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 than
                 future
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 England
                 ,
                 the
                 Grave
                 and
                 Reserved
                 are
                 commended
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 slow
                 both
                 in
                 Negotiations
                 and
                 Dispatches
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 Venice
                 are
                 valued
                 Men
                 of
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Ready
                 lavention
                 ,
                 Ingenuous
                 in
                 Reasoning
                 and
                 Proposing
                 ,
                 and
                 Quick-sighted
                 into
                 others
                 Designs
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 Persons
                 of
                 Frugality
                 ,
                 loving
                 rather
                 to
                 compose
                 than
                 breed
                 Dissention
                 ;
                 who
                 keep
                 up
                 their
                 Authority
                 without
                 State
                 ,
                 are
                 Patient
                 ,
                 and
                 Time-Servers
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Suissers
                 require
                 such
                 as
                 can
                 ,
                 upon
                 occasion
                 ,
                 lay
                 aside
                 Publick
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 Familiar
                 in
                 Conversation
                 ;
                 as
                 have
                 learn'd
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 themselves
                 by
                 Presents
                 and
                 Hopes
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 Patience
                 ,
                 and
                 watch
                 their
                 Opportunities
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 have
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 a
                 Subtile
                 and
                 Jealous
                 People
                 ,
                 differing
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 in
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Factions
                 ,
                 and
                 Methods
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 unanimous
                 in
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 and
                 Decrees
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 Counsels
                 avoid
                 Extremes
                 ,
                 which
                 each
                 Canton
                 afterwards
                 executes
                 according
                 to
                 its
                 own
                 Method
                 .
              
               
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 as
                 these
                 Qualities
                 are
                 proper
                 for
                 every
                 Court
                 before-mention'd
                 ;
                 so
                 are
                 Complaisance
                 ,
                 Civility
                 ,
                 and
                 Splendour
                 ,
                 of
                 universal
                 use
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 if
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 a
                 good
                 Mien
                 and
                 Carriage
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 Learning
                 and
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 Languages
                 ,
                 particularly
                 the
                 Latine
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 affect
                 every
                 body
                 ,
                 procure
                 the
                 Applause
                 and
                 Esteem
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 and
                 Credit
                 to
                 one's
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 Nations
                 differ
                 in
                 Manners
                 ,
                 so
                 do
                 they
                 also
                 in
                 Strength
                 .
                 That
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 Respect
                 and
                 Obedience
                 of
                 Christian
                 Believers
                 ;
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 in
                 Reputation
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 ;
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 in
                 its
                 Infantry
                 ;
                 France
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 of
                 the
                 Turks
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Number
                 ;
                 that
                 of
                 Poland
                 ,
                 in
                 its
                 Cavalry
                 ;
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Venetians
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 of
                 the
                 Savoyards
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Judgment
                 .
              
               
                 Almost
                 all
                 Nations
                 differ
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 in
                 Arms
                 both
                 Offensive
                 and
                 Defensive
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 adapted
                 to
                 the
                 Genius
                 and
                 Disposition
                 of
                 each
                 Country
                 ;
                 wherein
                 it
                 is
                 principally
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 common
                 and
                 general
                 ,
                 and
                 whether
                 those
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Country
                 are
                 inferior
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 advantageous
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 ;
                 for
                 Excellency
                 in
                 one
                 kind
                 of
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Novelty
                 of
                 the
                 late-invented
                 ones
                 ,
                 often
                 give
                 or
                 take
                 away
                 Empires
                 .
                 The
                 Parthians
                 enlarged
                 theirs
                 by
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Darts
                 :
                 The
                 French
                 and
                 Northerns
                 opened
                 a
                 way
                 to
                 theirs
                 by
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 armed
                 Lance
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 on
                 by
                 the
                 Swiftness
                 of
                 their
                 Cavalry
                 :
                 The
                 Art
                 of
                 Fencing
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Romans
                 practis'd
                 in
                 their
                 Publick
                 Sword-Plays
                 ,
                 (
                 wherein
                 Judgment
                 has
                 great
                 effect
                 )
                 made
                 them
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 have
                 conquer'd
                 a
                 New
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 establish'd
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Invention
                 of
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fire-Arms
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 ,
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 require
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 particular
                 Vertues
                 of
                 that
                 Nation
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 Element
                 of
                 Fire
                 the
                 very
                 Earth
                 has
                 opposed
                 it self
                 ,
                 (
                 so
                 that
                 now
                 all
                 the
                 Four
                 Elements
                 conspire
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ;
                 )
                 and
                 by
                 introducing
                 the
                 Pick-ax
                 and
                 Shovel
                 ,
                 the
                 Industry
                 of
                 the
                 Dutch
                 has
                 made
                 such
                 advances
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 resist
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 greatest
                 Politicians
                 often
                 mistake
                 the
                 Balance
                 of
                 Governments
                 ;
                 particularly
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Italians
                 ,
                 who
                 vainly
                 strive
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 always
                 in
                 Aequilibrio
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 Government
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 most
                 Dangerous
                 or
                 Potent
                 ,
                 whose
                 Dominions
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 Largest
                 Extent
                 ,
                 or
                 Subjects
                 most
                 Numerous
                 ,
                 but
                 which
                 knows
                 best
                 how
                 to
                 use
                 its
                 Strength
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 put
                 the
                 Forces
                 in
                 a
                 pair
                 of
                 Scales
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 fall
                 down
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 hang
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 upon
                 adding
                 to
                 this
                 but
                 one
                 drachm
                 of
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Valour
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 if
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 exceed
                 in
                 that
                 ,
                 the
                 former
                 shall
                 poise
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 out-weigh
                 the
                 latter
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 have
                 raised
                 their
                 Fortune
                 in
                 this
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 ruled
                 it
                 ,
                 have
                 all
                 had
                 but
                 slender
                 Beginnings
                 .
                 The
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 inflamed
                 the
                 Envy
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 conspired
                 to
                 bring
                 it
                 down
                 ,
                 while
                 not
                 one
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 thought
                 of
                 Sweden
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 undoubtedly
                 enslaved
                 Germany
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 Italy
                 too
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 King's
                 Death
                 prevented
                 it
                 .
                 Powers
                 that
                 begin
                 to
                 grow
                 ,
                 are
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 feared
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 already
                 grown
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 these
                 their
                 Declension
                 is
                 Natural
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 those
                 their
                 Encrease
                 .
                 The
                 one
                 strive
                 to
                 preserve
                 themselves
                 by
                 the
                 Publick
                 Quiet
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 advance
                 themselves
                 by
                 disturbing
                 Foreign
                 Dominions
                 .
                 Suppose
                 one
                 Power
                 be
                 in
                 it self
                 stronger
                 than
                 another
                 ,
                 this
                 has
                 not
                 therefore
                 less
                 Valour
                 than
                 that
                 ,
                 to
                 defend
                 and
                 protect
                 it self
                 .
                 One
                 Planet
                 has
                 more
                 Force
                 and
                 Vigour
                 in
                 its
                 own
                 House
                 ,
                 than
                 another
                 in
                 its
                 Elevation
                 .
                 Nor
                 are
                 these
                 Fears
                 of
                 a
                 Neighbouring
                 Power
                 always
                 well
                 grounded
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 they
                 often
                 turn
                 to
                 its
                 Advantage
                 .
                 Italy
                 was
                 under
                 Apprehensions
                 of
                 Slavery
                 from
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 saw
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Sicily
                 united
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Castile
                 ;
                 which
                 were
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 augmented
                 when
                 Naples
                 was
                 added
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 at
                 once
                 paid
                 Obedience
                 to
                 Castile
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 annexed
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Milan
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 it
                 seemed
                 absolutely
                 to
                 Despair
                 ;
                 yet
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Princes
                 lost
                 not
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 effectually
                 preserv'd
                 against
                 the
                 Turkish
                 and
                 Transalpine
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoy'd
                 a
                 whole
                 Age
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 The
                 Fort
                 
                   de
                   Fuentes
                
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Eye-sore
                 to
                 many
                 ,
                 who
                 look'd
                 on
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Bridle
                 to
                 Italy
                 ,
                 yet
                 Experience
                 has
                 shew'd
                 its
                 only
                 Design
                 was
                 their
                 Defence
                 .
                 But
                 all
                 these
                 Examples
                 are
                 not
                 sufficient
                 to
                 cure
                 the
                 Pannick
                 Fears
                 of
                 that
                 Hypochondria
                 of
                 State-Interest
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 ,
                 especially
                 complicated
                 with
                 the
                 ill
                 Humours
                 of
                 Envy
                 and
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 shake
                 off
                 those
                 Melancholy
                 Whimsies
                 .
                 His
                 Catholick
                 Majesty
                 lays
                 Siege
                 to
                 Casal
                 ,
                 to
                 dispossess
                 the
                 French
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 right
                 Owner
                 ,
                 to
                 promote
                 the
                 Peace
                 of
                 Italy
                 :
                 And
                 what
                 do
                 the
                 Envious
                 ,
                 but
                 immediately
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 new
                 League
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ?
                 As
                 if
                 one
                 City
                 ,
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 were
                 of
                 any
                 moment
                 to
                 so
                 vast
                 a
                 Dominion
                 .
                 From
                 this
                 false
                 Apprehension
                 of
                 future
                 Evils
                 and
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 which
                 perhaps
                 would
                 never
                 have
                 really
                 come
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 proceed
                 other
                 present
                 ones
                 ,
                 much
                 greater
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Anticipation
                 of
                 their
                 Remedies
                 .
                 Let
                 such
                 Persons
                 then
                 as
                 are
                 thus
                 solicitous
                 to
                 poise
                 the
                 Balance
                 of
                 Governments
                 ,
                 lay
                 aside
                 their
                 Emulations
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 effected
                 without
                 prejudice
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Repose
                 .
                 Who
                 can
                 so
                 keep
                 the
                 Globe
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 in
                 this
                 Equinox
                 of
                 Power
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 shall
                 not
                 come
                 nearer
                 the
                 Solstices
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 than
                 others
                 ;
                 Nations
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 perpetual
                 War
                 ;
                 nothing
                 giving
                 more
                 Disturbance
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 be
                 once
                 possess'd
                 with
                 such
                 empty
                 Chimera's
                 which
                 never
                 have
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 especially
                 since
                 the
                 Union
                 of
                 inferiour
                 Powers
                 against
                 a
                 Greater
                 cannot
                 be
                 of
                 long
                 continuance
                 :
                 And
                 should
                 they
                 pull
                 this
                 down
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 they
                 find
                 to
                 share
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 each
                 shall
                 be
                 satisfy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 every
                 one
                 desire
                 the
                 Whole
                 ?
                 Who
                 shall
                 keep
                 them
                 so
                 even
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 shall
                 not
                 encrease
                 faster
                 than
                 another
                 ?
                 Since
                 Man's
                 Body
                 is
                 preserved
                 by
                 the
                 inequality
                 of
                 its
                 Members
                 ,
                 why
                 should
                 not
                 States
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 one
                 and
                 Mediocrity
                 of
                 another
                 Commonwealth
                 ?
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 securer
                 Policy
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 most
                 Powerful
                 ,
                 and
                 conform
                 to
                 their
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 oppose
                 them
                 .
                 Opposition
                 awaken●
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 a
                 Pretence
                 to
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 The
                 Orb●
                 of
                 Heaven
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 whirled
                 by
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Prim●m
                   Mobile
                
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 cannot
                 resist
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 in
                 following
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 perform
                 their
                 own
                 Course
                 .
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   de
                   Medicis
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Tuscany
                 ,
                 learn'd
                 at
                 Rome
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Molesting
                 Superior
                 Powers
                 ,
                 and
                 practised
                 it
                 against
                 Spain
                 by
                 certain
                 new
                 Devices
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   England
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Holland
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 afterwards
                 found
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Lesson
                 to
                 his
                 Successors
                 never
                 to
                 use
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 they
                 observe
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Tranquility
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXXII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 SOme
                 adorned
                 their
                 Helmets
                 with
                 Swans
                 and
                 Peacocks
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Generosity
                 of
                 these
                 Creatures
                 to
                 animate
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 inflame
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 ;
                 others
                 with
                 a
                 Bear
                 's
                 or
                 Lion's
                 Head
                 ,
                 letting
                 
                 the
                 Skin
                 hang
                 down
                 their
                 Shoulders
                 ,
                 to
                 strike
                 Terror
                 into
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 of
                 this
                 Device
                 (
                 the
                 Design
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 shew
                 what
                 a
                 Price
                 the
                 Prince
                 ought
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 Arms
                 )
                 I
                 have
                 chosen
                 for
                 the
                 Crest
                 a
                 Porcupine
                 ,
                 whose
                 Quills
                 ,
                 no
                 less
                 agreeable
                 for
                 their
                 Roughness
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 
                 Ostrich's
                 Feathers
                 are
                 for
                 their
                 Smoothness
                 ,
                 at
                 once
                 Defend
                 and
                 Assault
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 Garb
                 more
                 graceful
                 than
                 Armour
                 adorned
                 with
                 Arms.
                 The
                 Splendour
                 of
                 Purple
                 ,
                 however
                 sparkling
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Pearls
                 and
                 Diamonds
                 ,
                 is
                 insignificant
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 Palaces
                 and
                 Attendance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pomp
                 of
                 Courts
                 useless
                 ,
                 except
                 flaming
                 Swords
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Glittering
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 contribute
                 to
                 render
                 Princes
                 Illustrious
                 .
                 Solomon
                 ,
                 the
                 wisest
                 of
                 Kings
                 ,
                 gloried
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 his
                 costly
                 Wardrobes
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 his
                 rich
                 Arsenals
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 stored
                 with
                 Shields
                 and
                 Targets
                 of
                 an
                 inestimable
                 Value
                 1
                 .
                 The
                 Spaniards
                 of
                 old
                 prized
                 a
                 War-Horse
                 more
                 than
                 their
                 Blood
                 2
                 :
                 now
                 that
                 Esteem
                 is
                 sunk
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Convenience
                 of
                 Coaches
                 and
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 prohibited
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 to
                 all
                 but
                 Senators
                 ,
                 and
                 Ladies
                 of
                 Quality
                 3
                 .
                 To
                 remedy
                 which
                 Abuses
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 more
                 introduce
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 Riding
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 spoke
                 thus
                 in
                 the
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 Madrid
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1534
                 :
                 
                   The
                   Natives
                   of
                   these
                   Kingdoms
                
                 (
                 said
                 he
                 )
                 
                   have
                   ever
                   been
                   esteemed
                   and
                   honoured
                   both
                   at
                   Home
                   and
                   Abroad
                   ,
                   for
                   their
                   Skill
                   in
                   Chivalry
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   by
                   this
                   alone
                   they
                   have
                   obtained
                   so
                   many
                   glorious
                   Victories
                   over
                   their
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   Christians
                   as
                   Infidels
                   ,
                   conquered
                   so
                   many
                   Kingdoms
                   and
                   Dominions
                   as
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   depend
                   on
                   our
                   Crown
                   .
                
                 The
                 Scripture
                 says
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Praise
                 of
                 Men
                 of
                 Courage
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   their
                   Shields
                   are
                   of
                   Fire
                
                 4
                 ;
                 intimating
                 how
                 careful
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 
                 bright
                 and
                 well
                 polish'd
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 another
                 place
                 observes
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Rays
                 reflected
                 on
                 neighbouring
                 Mountains
                 were
                 
                   like
                   Lamps
                   of
                   Fire
                
                 5
                 .
                 David
                 said
                 ,
                 a
                 Sword
                 added
                 Grace
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 God
                 6
                 .
                 
                 Hannibal's
                 Habit
                 was
                 mean
                 and
                 modest
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Equipage
                 he
                 surpass'd
                 all
                 others
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 took
                 more
                 delight
                 in
                 Military
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 Robes
                 embroider'd
                 with
                 Gold.
                 Ottocarus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Bohemia
                 ,
                 being
                 overcome
                 by
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Rodolphus
                 ,
                 came
                 with
                 great
                 Splendour
                 to
                 swear
                 Homage
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 exhorted
                 by
                 his
                 Attendance
                 ,
                 to
                 deck
                 himself
                 as
                 became
                 his
                 Majesty
                 :
                 he
                 replied
                 ;
                 
                   Arm
                   ,
                   and
                   March
                   in
                   Rank
                   and
                   File
                   ,
                   and
                   shew
                   these
                   men
                   ,
                   that
                   you
                   place
                   your
                   Bravery
                   and
                   Gallantry
                   ,
                   not
                   in
                   Fine
                   Cloaths
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   your
                   Arms
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   best
                   become
                   both
                   me
                   and
                   you
                   .
                
                 That
                 Majesty
                 begets
                 Princes
                 most
                 Authority
                 ,
                 which
                 proceeds
                 from
                 Power
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 chuse
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 intimated
                 by
                 the
                 Navarrois
                 ,
                 when
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Coronations
                 ,
                 they
                 seated
                 the
                 Kings
                 on
                 a
                 Shield
                 :
                 This
                 was
                 their
                 Throne
                 ,
                 and
                 Heaven
                 their
                 Canopy
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 Buckler
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 armed
                 against
                 all
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 and
                 exposed
                 to
                 Dangers
                 and
                 Injuries
                 .
                 He
                 will
                 never
                 appear
                 more
                 beautiful
                 either
                 to
                 them
                 or
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 in
                 Armour
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 Ornaments
                 and
                 Marks
                 of
                 Honour
                 the
                 ancient
                 Germans
                 gave
                 their
                 Youth
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Sword
                 and
                 Buckler
                 :
                 Till
                 then
                 they
                 were
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Family
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 became
                 Members
                 of
                 their
                 Government
                 8
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 never
                 looks
                 like
                 himself
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 in
                 Arms.
                 There
                 's
                 no
                 Equipage
                 more
                 splendid
                 than
                 a
                 Troop
                 of
                 Curiassiers
                 ;
                 no
                 Train
                 more
                 pleasing
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Squadrons
                 ,
                 whose
                 Sight
                 is
                 then
                 most
                 agreeable
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 Martially
                 equipt
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 an
                 Attack
                 ,
                 and
                 want
                 Nothing
                 either
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 or
                 
                 Subsistence
                 .
                 An
                 Army
                 requires
                 no
                 other
                 Ornament
                 but
                 what
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 Splendid
                 Furniture
                 is
                 but
                 Luggage
                 and
                 Cumber
                 9
                 .
                 That
                 makes
                 the
                 best
                 Appearance
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 conduces
                 most
                 to
                 the
                 principal
                 End
                 of
                 Victory
                 .
                 Hence
                 Scipio
                 the
                 African
                 ,
                 upon
                 going
                 into
                 Spain
                 ,
                 commanded
                 each
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 his
                 Shoulders
                 Thirty
                 Days
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 Seven
                 Stakes
                 for
                 Intrenchments
                 .
                 Such
                 was
                 then
                 the
                 Equipage
                 of
                 that
                 Warlike
                 Nation
                 ,
                 so
                 inured
                 to
                 Hardships
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 for
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 and
                 People
                 ,
                 the
                 Temples
                 for
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 but
                 thought
                 their
                 Glory
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 under
                 Tents
                 and
                 Pavilions
                 10
                 .
                 By
                 such
                 Discipline
                 they
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 rule
                 the
                 World.
                 Delights
                 ,
                 Costly
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 and
                 Riches
                 ,
                 are
                 for
                 Courtiers
                 ;
                 in
                 Soldiers
                 they
                 do
                 but
                 excite
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Avarice
                 .
                 Hence
                 Hannibal
                 had
                 just
                 cause
                 to
                 smile
                 ,
                 when
                 Antiochus
                 ,
                 shewing
                 him
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 rather
                 beautiful
                 in
                 Apparel
                 ,
                 than
                 strong
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 demanded
                 whether
                 this
                 would
                 be
                 enough
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   :
                   Yes
                
                 ,
                 (
                 answer'd
                 he
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 African
                 Subtilty
                 )
                 
                   certainly
                   enough
                   ,
                   be
                   they
                   never
                   so
                   Covetous
                   .
                   Let
                   not
                   the
                   empty
                   Show
                   and
                   Glittering
                   of
                   Gold
                   and
                   Silver
                   terrifie
                   you
                   ,
                   which
                   neither
                   Defend
                   nor
                   Wound
                   ,
                
                 said
                 Galgacus
                 to
                 the
                 Britains
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 11
                 .
                 And
                 Solyman
                 ,
                 going
                 to
                 relieve
                 Ierusalem
                 ,
                 to
                 encourage
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 tells
                 them
                 :
                 
                   
                     Their
                     Glorious
                     Equipage
                     you
                     view
                     from
                     hence
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Shall
                     be
                     our
                     Plunder
                     ,
                     '
                     stead
                     of
                     their
                     Defence
                     .
                     *
                  
                
              
               
                 And
                 tho'
                 
                   Iulius
                   Caesar
                
                 was
                 for
                 having
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 Rich
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 thought
                 fear
                 of
                 losing
                 their
                 Estates
                 would
                 make
                 such
                 Men
                 more
                 Resolute
                 ;
                 yet
                 large
                 Spoils
                 expose
                 Victory
                 to
                 sale
                 12
                 ,
                 and
                 Arms
                 adorned
                 with
                 nothing
                 
                 but
                 their
                 own
                 Strength
                 buy
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Soldier
                 is
                 generally
                 more
                 solicitous
                 to
                 preserve
                 what
                 he
                 has
                 ,
                 than
                 even
                 to
                 get
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 goes
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 is
                 desirous
                 to
                 conquer
                 his
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 only
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 afterwards
                 rifle
                 him
                 .
                 Interest
                 and
                 Glory
                 are
                 powerful
                 Incentives
                 to
                 Man's
                 Breast
                 .
                 How
                 would
                 Hannibal
                 have
                 laugh'd
                 to
                 have
                 seen
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 these
                 times
                 so
                 fine
                 and
                 spruce
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 such
                 sumptuous
                 Equipages
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 scarce
                 Horses
                 and
                 Carriages
                 enough
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 How
                 could
                 he
                 have
                 pass'd
                 the
                 Pyrenaean
                 Hills
                 ,
                 or
                 open'd
                 a
                 Way
                 over
                 the
                 Snowy
                 Alps
                 ,
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Chariots
                 ?
                 They
                 now
                 (
                 particularly
                 in
                 Germany
                 )
                 look
                 not
                 like
                 Armies
                 ,
                 but
                 large
                 Colonies
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 removing
                 from
                 one
                 Place
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Families
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Houshold
                 Goods
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 Instruments
                 of
                 War
                 13
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 Remissness
                 in
                 Discipline
                 Tacitus
                 observ'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 
                 Otho's
                 Army
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Prince
                 rich
                 enough
                 ,
                 no
                 Province
                 plentiful
                 enough
                 to
                 supply
                 them
                 with
                 Provision
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 equally
                 injurious
                 to
                 Friends
                 and
                 Enemies
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 slackness
                 was
                 introduc'd
                 by
                 Duke
                 Fridland
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 suffering
                 them
                 to
                 Forage
                 whole
                 Countries
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 thought
                 ,
                 to
                 oppress
                 and
                 weaken
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 never
                 after
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 make
                 head
                 against
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 by
                 this
                 Licentiousness
                 to
                 enervate
                 the
                 Army
                 it self
                 ,
                 following
                 herein
                 the
                 Practice
                 of
                 Caecinna
                 14
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Abuse
                 threatens
                 great
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 unless
                 a
                 timely
                 Remedy
                 be
                 applied
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 one
                 which
                 shall
                 not
                 appear
                 desperate
                 .
                 For
                 tho'
                 it
                 costs
                 no
                 less
                 Pains
                 to
                 correct
                 undisciplin'd
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 than
                 resist
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 Corbulo
                 ●ound
                 in
                 Syria
                 15
                 ;
                 yet
                 this
                 must
                 be
                 understood
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Enemy
                 gives
                 not
                 Time
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 improper
                 to
                 make
                 so
                 sudden
                 a
                 leap
                 from
                 one
                 extreme
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 Time
                 allow
                 ,
                 nothing
                 hinders
                 but
                 an
                 
                 Army
                 may
                 be
                 reduced
                 to
                 Order
                 and
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 by
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 Severity
                 ,
                 and
                 Example
                 ;
                 without
                 which
                 three
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 reformed
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 long
                 continue
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 Vitellius
                 experimentally
                 found
                 true
                 16
                 .
                 Corbulo
                 was
                 sensible
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 into
                 Germany
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 reduced
                 those
                 slothful
                 ,
                 disorderly
                 Legions
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Discipline
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 he
                 did
                 afterwards
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Syria
                 17
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 found
                 Soldiers
                 so
                 ignorant
                 in
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 ,
                 even
                 Veterans
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 never
                 kept
                 Guard
                 ,
                 or
                 stood
                 Centinel
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 utter
                 Strangers
                 to
                 Trenches
                 and
                 Fortifications
                 ,
                 unarmed
                 ,
                 but
                 rich
                 and
                 magnificent
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 served
                 all
                 their
                 time
                 in
                 good
                 Garrisons
                 18
                 ;
                 and
                 cashiering
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 unserviceable
                 ,
                 kept
                 the
                 rest
                 encamped
                 all
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 to
                 inure
                 them
                 to
                 Cold
                 ,
                 himself
                 in
                 a
                 thin
                 Habit
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Head
                 uncovered
                 ,
                 always
                 attending
                 them
                 ,
                 whether
                 on
                 a
                 March
                 or
                 in
                 their
                 Works
                 ,
                 commending
                 the
                 Valiant
                 ,
                 comforting
                 the
                 Weak
                 ,
                 and
                 giving
                 Example
                 to
                 all
                 19
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 the
                 Inclemency
                 of
                 the
                 Weather
                 made
                 many
                 leave
                 their
                 Colours
                 ,
                 he
                 remedy'd
                 that
                 by
                 Severity
                 ,
                 not
                 pardoning
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 usual
                 in
                 other
                 Armies
                 )
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 second
                 Transgression
                 of
                 that
                 nature
                 ,
                 but
                 whoever
                 Deserted
                 was
                 immediately
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 was
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 more
                 use
                 than
                 Clemency
                 ;
                 for
                 fewer
                 deserted
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 than
                 did
                 those
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 pardoned
                 20
                 .
                 The
                 Soldier
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 undergo
                 those
                 great
                 Fatigues
                 ,
                 and
                 expose
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Hazards
                 of
                 
                 War
                 ,
                 without
                 some
                 other
                 Severity
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 Reward
                 to
                 equal
                 those
                 two
                 .
                 Princes
                 ,
                 by
                 Honours
                 and
                 Recompences
                 ,
                 make
                 good
                 Generals
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 good
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 by
                 Example
                 ,
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 and
                 Liberality
                 .
                 Godfrey
                 well
                 knew
                 Courage
                 to
                 be
                 encreased
                 by
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 Hopes
                 of
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 when
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 giving
                 Battel
                 ,
                 
                   
                     
                       He
                       clears
                       the
                       Doubts
                       ,
                       and
                       elevates
                       the
                       Hopes
                    
                     
                       Of
                       those
                       whose
                       Bravery
                       deserves
                       Reward
                       .
                       —
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Some
                       he
                       with
                       Wealth
                       ,
                       with
                       Honour
                       some
                       excites
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       diff'ring
                       Genius's
                       as
                       each
                       delights
                       .
                       *
                    
                  
                
                 I
                 dare
                 affirm
                 ,
                 no
                 Soldiers
                 can
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 unless
                 their
                 Commanders
                 be
                 something
                 enclin'd
                 to
                 Prodigality
                 and
                 Severity
                 .
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 probably
                 on
                 this
                 account
                 the
                 Germans
                 call
                 a
                 Regiment
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 belongs
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Colonel's
                   Staff
                   ,
                   (
                   den
                   Regiment
                   oder
                   Colonelstah
                   ,
                
                 )
                 for
                 with
                 that
                 Soldiers
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 ruled
                 .
                 Moses
                 kept
                 his
                 in
                 such
                 strict
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 that
                 suing
                 once
                 for
                 Passage
                 through
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                 Edom's
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 withal
                 engaged
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 should
                 drink
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 of
                 his
                 Wells
                 ,
                 or
                 pass
                 through
                 any
                 one's
                 Fields
                 or
                 Vineyards
                 21
                 .
              
               
                 Antiquity
                 has
                 left
                 us
                 an
                 illustrious
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 Re-establishment
                 of
                 decayed
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 Metellus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 found
                 the
                 Roman
                 Army
                 so
                 corrupted
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 would
                 not
                 stir
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 deserted
                 their
                 Colours
                 ,
                 and
                 dispersing
                 themselves
                 over
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 Ravag'd
                 and
                 Plunder'd
                 where-ever
                 they
                 came
                 ,
                 being
                 guilty
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Extravagancies
                 that
                 Avarice
                 and
                 Luxury
                 are
                 capable
                 of
                 inspiring
                 .
                 Yet
                 all
                 these
                 he
                 insensibly
                 remedied
                 ,
                 by
                 Exercising
                 them
                 in
                 Military
                 Arts.
                 He
                 first
                 order'd
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Bread
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Meat
                 dress'd
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 sold
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 ;
                 forbad
                 the
                 Sutlers
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 suffer'd
                 not
                 any
                 Common
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 March
                 ,
                 to
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 have
                 a
                 Servant
                 or
                 Mule.
                 And
                 thus
                 correcting
                 the
                 other
                 Abuses
                 ,
                 he
                 restor'd
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Courage
                 and
                 Strength
                 .
                 The
                 effect
                 of
                 which
                 Care
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 it self
                 to
                 terrifie
                 Iugurtha
                 ,
                 and
                 oblig'd
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 to
                 beg
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 his
                 Children
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 promise
                 the
                 Delivery
                 of
                 all
                 besides
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 Arms
                 are
                 Vital
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 cherish
                 and
                 give
                 motion
                 to
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 Government
                 ;
                 the
                 Surety
                 of
                 Publick
                 Tranquility
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Preservation
                 and
                 Encrease
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 consists
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 be
                 well
                 ordered
                 ,
                 and
                 admit
                 of
                 Discipline
                 .
                 This
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                   Alexander
                   Severus
                
                 well
                 knew
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   Ancient
                   Discipline
                   was
                   the
                   Support
                   of
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   the
                   Fall
                   of
                   which
                   would
                   be
                   the
                   Ruine
                   of
                   the
                
                 Roman
                 
                   Name
                   and
                   Empire
                
                 22
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 Importance
                 to
                 have
                 good
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 Princes
                 to
                 conferr
                 Favours
                 and
                 Honours
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 Saul
                 loved
                 a
                 brave
                 Soldier
                 so
                 well
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 sight
                 .
                 Reward
                 and
                 Honour
                 find
                 ,
                 and
                 Exercise
                 makes
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 Nature
                 produces
                 few
                 Valiant
                 Men
                 ;
                 but
                 Industry
                 ,
                 with
                 good
                 Instruction
                 ,
                 brings
                 up
                 many
                 23
                 .
                 This
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 ,
                 Colonels
                 ,
                 and
                 Generals
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 of
                 Sopher
                 the
                 Chief
                 of
                 the
                 Host
                 ,
                 who
                 exercised
                 his
                 Fresh-water
                 Soldiers
                 24
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Holy
                 Scriptures
                 call
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 
                   Masters
                   of
                   Soldiers
                
                 25
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 teach
                 and
                 instruct
                 them
                 ;
                 such
                 were
                 Potiphar
                 and
                 Nebuzaradan
                 26
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 this
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 excessive
                 Indulgence
                 and
                 Carelesness
                 of
                 Officers
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 account
                 of
                 other
                 Impediments
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 easily
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 Practice
                 ,
                 the
                 Evil
                 of
                 it
                 ought
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 timely
                 prevented
                 ;
                 a
                 Thing
                 which
                 Princes
                 and
                 Commonwealths
                 are
                 strangely
                 negligent
                 in
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 Study
                 of
                 Literature
                 are
                 founded
                 Colleges
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Convents
                 and
                 Monasteries
                 .
                 The
                 Church
                 Militant
                 has
                 its
                 Nurseries
                 for
                 the
                 Edification
                 of
                 Spiritual
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 Temporal
                 ones
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 .
                 The
                 Turk
                 alone
                 regards
                 this
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 gathers
                 Children
                 of
                 all
                 Nations
                 into
                 certain
                 Seraglio's
                 ,
                 and
                 sees
                 them
                 brought
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 Arms
                 ;
                 whence
                 afterwards
                 is
                 formed
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 his
                 Janizaries
                 ,
                 who
                 knowing
                 no
                 other
                 Father
                 or
                 Lord
                 but
                 the
                 Grand
                 Signior
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Strength
                 and
                 Defence
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 .
                 Christian
                 Princes
                 ought
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 all
                 great
                 Cities
                 ,
                 by
                 taking
                 Orphans
                 ,
                 Foundlings
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 of
                 that
                 nature
                 ,
                 into
                 Seminaries
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 instructed
                 in
                 Military
                 Exercises
                 ,
                 taught
                 to
                 forge
                 Arms
                 ,
                 twist
                 Ropes
                 ,
                 make
                 Gun-powder
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Ammunition
                 ,
                 to
                 prepare
                 them
                 for
                 War-Service
                 .
                 There
                 might
                 also
                 be
                 some
                 educated
                 in
                 Sea-Port
                 Towns
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 an
                 early
                 insight
                 into
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 and
                 see
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Building
                 Ships
                 ,
                 of
                 making
                 Sails
                 and
                 Cables
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 means
                 to
                 cleanse
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 from
                 those
                 Dregs
                 of
                 Vagabonds
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish
                 it
                 with
                 Persons
                 that
                 would
                 be
                 useful
                 in
                 Military
                 Arts
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 kept
                 out
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 daily
                 earn
                 ;
                 or
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 would
                 not
                 suffice
                 ,
                 a
                 Law
                 might
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 assign
                 such
                 Seminaries
                 the
                 Third
                 of
                 all
                 Pious
                 Gifts
                 or
                 Legacies
                 :
                 For
                 assuredly
                 they
                 deserve
                 no
                 less
                 who
                 defend
                 the
                 Altars
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 offer
                 Incense
                 at
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 would
                 be
                 also
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 way
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Subsistence
                 of
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 to
                 endow
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 War
                 with
                 certain
                 stated
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 employed
                 to
                 no
                 other
                 uses
                 :
                 As
                 Augustus
                 did
                 ,
                 who
                 setled
                 the
                 Tenth
                 of
                 all
                 Hereditaments
                 and
                 Legacies
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Hundredth
                 part
                 of
                 all
                 Commodities
                 sold
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 Which
                 Tax
                 Tiberius
                 would
                 not
                 afterwards
                 take
                 off
                 ,
                 even
                 though
                 the
                 Senate
                 requested
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Support
                 of
                 the
                 Military
                 Treasury
                 27
                 .
                 Thus
                 Peter
                 Count
                 
                   de
                   Lemos
                
                 endowed
                 that
                 of
                 N●ples
                 ;
                 
                 but
                 Envy
                 afterwards
                 overthrew
                 all
                 that
                 his
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Prudence
                 had
                 establish'd
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 should
                 this
                 Care
                 be
                 taken
                 for
                 Soldiers
                 only
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 Erecting
                 Fortresses
                 ,
                 and
                 Garrisoning
                 them
                 ;
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 that
                 Charge
                 may
                 prevent
                 many
                 greater
                 .
                 The
                 Weakness
                 of
                 a
                 Place
                 invites
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 whereas
                 scarce
                 any
                 one
                 Attacks
                 a
                 State
                 he
                 thinks
                 able
                 to
                 Defend
                 it self
                 .
                 If
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 lavishly
                 squander'd
                 away
                 in
                 Gaming
                 ,
                 Shows
                 ,
                 and
                 Building
                 ,
                 were
                 expended
                 upon
                 this
                 ,
                 Princes
                 would
                 live
                 abundantly
                 more
                 Secure
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 enjoy
                 more
                 Peace
                 and
                 Tranquility
                 .
                 The
                 Emperors
                 ,
                 Dioclesian
                 and
                 Maximilian
                 ,
                 took
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 signal
                 piece
                 of
                 Service
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Governor
                 of
                 a
                 Province
                 ,
                 who
                 laid
                 out
                 a
                 Summ
                 of
                 Money
                 design'd
                 for
                 the
                 Structure
                 of
                 an
                 Amphitheater
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Repair
                 of
                 a
                 Citadel
                 28
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXXIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 very
                 Ground
                 whereon
                 Fortresses
                 are
                 built
                 is
                 their
                 greatest
                 Enemy
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 upon
                 the
                 Surface
                 of
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 Shovel
                 and
                 Pick-Axe
                 (
                 Weapons
                 of
                 this
                 Age
                 )
                 Trenches
                 and
                 Approaches
                 are
                 made
                 to
                 begin
                 a
                 Storm
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 within
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 that
                 Mines
                 are
                 secretly
                 sprung
                 under
                 the
                 Foundations
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 Bulwarks
                 ,
                 which
                 taking
                 Fire
                 ,
                 blow
                 them
                 all
                 up
                 .
                 That
                 Castle
                 only
                 is
                 Impregnable
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 situated
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 Waters
                 ,
                 is
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 surrounded
                 with
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 Foaming
                 Billows
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 beat
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 yet
                 do
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 also
                 defend
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 not
                 admitting
                 of
                 a
                 Naval
                 Siege
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Danger
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 Calm
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 continue
                 
                 long
                 .
                 Thus
                 Governments
                 ,
                 while
                 engaged
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 are
                 generally
                 safe
                 1
                 :
                 Then
                 are
                 they
                 industriously
                 Vigilant
                 ,
                 providently
                 forewarn'd
                 ;
                 Glory
                 animates
                 ;
                 Exercise
                 redoubles
                 their
                 Courage
                 ;
                 Emulation
                 prompts
                 to
                 great
                 Enterprizes
                 ;
                 and
                 Common
                 Danger
                 unites
                 Mens
                 Affections
                 ,
                 and
                 purges
                 off
                 the
                 State
                 's
                 ill
                 Humours
                 .
                 Fear
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 keeps
                 a
                 People
                 Regular
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 Laws
                 2
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 were
                 never
                 more
                 Valiant
                 ,
                 nor
                 their
                 Subjects
                 more
                 Quiet
                 and
                 Obedient
                 to
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 Pyrrhus
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Gates
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 Monarchy
                 is
                 in
                 more
                 Danger
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 its
                 Power
                 ,
                 than
                 others
                 are
                 from
                 their
                 Weakness
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 ,
                 through
                 too
                 much
                 confidence
                 in
                 its
                 Strength
                 ,
                 neglects
                 to
                 provide
                 against
                 future
                 Casualties
                 3
                 :
                 whereas
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 Fear
                 puts
                 this
                 always
                 upon
                 its
                 Guard.
                 If
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 cease
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 not
                 kept
                 in
                 continual
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 Sloth
                 effeminates
                 Minds
                 ,
                 weakens
                 and
                 throws
                 down
                 Walls
                 ,
                 rusts
                 Swords
                 ,
                 and
                 gnaws
                 the
                 Straps
                 of
                 Shields
                 ;
                 Debaucheries
                 ,
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 encrease
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 Ambition
                 reigns
                 ;
                 whence
                 arise
                 Dissentions
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 them
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 one
                 Intestine
                 Malady
                 or
                 Infirmity
                 ingender'd
                 by
                 Laziness
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 whole
                 State
                 suffers
                 by
                 it
                 .
                 Nothing
                 grows
                 or
                 is
                 preserved
                 without
                 Motion
                 .
                 
                   Q.
                   Metellus
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 said
                 openly
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   now
                   apprehended
                   that
                   of
                
                 Rome
                 
                   would
                   follow
                
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 Rival
                 Republick
                 destroyed
                 .
                 
                   Pub.
                   Nasica
                
                 ,
                 hearing
                 one
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   This
                   Success
                   put
                   Affairs
                   in
                   a
                   better
                   Posture
                
                 ;
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   Nay
                   ,
                   rather
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   now
                   in
                   greater
                   Danger
                   .
                
                 This
                 wise
                 Man
                 well
                 knew
                 those
                 Hostile
                 Forces
                 were
                 like
                 Surges
                 ,
                 which
                 indeed
                 shook
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 withal
                 added
                 Strength
                 and
                 Courage
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 exhorts
                 them
                 to
                 beware
                 of
                 their
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 as
                 knowing
                 weak
                 Minds
                 to
                 have
                 no
                 greater
                 Enemy
                 than
                 Security
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 〈◊〉
                 Fear
                 was
                 a
                 necessary
                 Tutor
                 to
                 this
                 Pupil
                 People
                 4
                 .
                 ●●inthila
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Goths
                 ,
                 was
                 great
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 ●●quired
                 Renown
                 by
                 his
                 Atchievements
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 engag'd
                 in
                 War
                 :
                 when
                 that
                 ceas'd
                 ,
                 he
                 abandon'd
                 him●elf
                 to
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 ruin'd
                 .
                 King
                 Alphonsus
                 VI.
                 re●lecting
                 upon
                 the
                 Losses
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 the
                 Moors
                 ,
                 ●●k'd
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 It
                 was
                 the
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Looseness
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 :
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 immediately
                 forbad
                 Bathing
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Wantonnesses
                 that
                 impair
                 Strength
                 .
                 The
                 Oscitancy
                 and
                 Drowsiness
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Roderick
                 and
                 Vitiza
                 ,
                 made
                 almost
                 all
                 Spain
                 fall
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Africans
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 times
                 of
                 Pelagius
                 and
                 his
                 Successors
                 ,
                 when
                 Warfare
                 beginning
                 to
                 flourish
                 again
                 ,
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 encreased
                 by
                 constant
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 deliver'd
                 Spain
                 from
                 that
                 heavy
                 Yoke
                 ,
                 but
                 render'd
                 it
                 Head
                 of
                 a
                 Puissant
                 Monarchy
                 .
                 The
                 Emulation
                 between
                 the
                 Military
                 Orders
                 of
                 Castile
                 produced
                 abundance
                 of
                 Great
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 ●trove
                 more
                 to
                 surpass
                 each
                 other
                 in
                 Military
                 Glory
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 conquer
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
                 The
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 had
                 never
                 ascended
                 to
                 this
                 Pitch
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 had
                 it
                 always
                 been
                 given
                 up
                 to
                 Idleness
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 means
                 Envy
                 takes
                 to
                 pull
                 it
                 down
                 by
                 ,
                 strengthen
                 and
                 render
                 it
                 more
                 glorious
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 who
                 live
                 in
                 Peace
                 ,
                 like
                 Iron
                 not
                 used
                 ,
                 lose
                 their
                 Brightness
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 rusty
                 5
                 .
                 Lesser
                 Powers
                 may
                 indeed
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 without
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 great
                 ones
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 difficult
                 to
                 keep
                 Fortune
                 equal
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 these
                 ;
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 if
                 Arms
                 be
                 ●ot
                 sent
                 abroad
                 ,
                 War
                 is
                 kindled
                 at
                 Home
                 :
                 As
                 it
                 befell
                 the
                 Roman
                 Monarchy
                 ;
                 with
                 whose
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 that
                 old
                 inbred
                 Vice
                 ,
                 encreased
                 and
                 broke
                 out
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Affairs
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 low
                 Condition
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 easie
                 to
                 keep
                 an
                 Equality
                 :
                 but
                 after
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Rival
                 Cities
                 and
                 Kings
                 were
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 at
                 leisure
                 to
                 share
                 their
                 Riches
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 the
                 
                 Senators
                 and
                 Common
                 People
                 first
                 began
                 to
                 fall
                 out
                 6
                 .
                 The
                 Emulation
                 of
                 Valour
                 which
                 is
                 exercised
                 against
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 any
                 ,
                 is
                 usually
                 inflamed
                 between
                 Country-men
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 .
                 This
                 the
                 Germans
                 had
                 Experience
                 of
                 ,
                 when
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Romans
                 leaving
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 being
                 exempt
                 from
                 Foreign
                 Fear
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 turn'd
                 their
                 Arms
                 upon
                 one
                 another
                 7
                 .
                 The
                 Peace
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 was
                 very
                 bloody
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 the
                 Source
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 8
                 .
                 Long
                 Peace
                 was
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Cherusci
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 no
                 advantage
                 9
                 .
                 The
                 Wars
                 of
                 the
                 Low-Countries
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Intestine
                 Commotions
                 in
                 Spain
                 .
                 That
                 Theater
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 that
                 School
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 where
                 so
                 many
                 Military
                 Arts
                 have
                 been
                 taught
                 and
                 exercised
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 very
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 this
                 Monarchy
                 :
                 Though
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 this
                 Military
                 Exercise
                 and
                 Discipline
                 has
                 been
                 common
                 to
                 its
                 Enemies
                 and
                 Rivals
                 ,
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 Europe
                 having
                 learn'd
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 Arms
                 there
                 ,
                 although
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 prodigious
                 Charge
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 in
                 Countries
                 so
                 disturb'd
                 and
                 remote
                 ,
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Bloodshed
                 and
                 Extortion
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 Advantage
                 on
                 the
                 Enemies
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 little
                 on
                 ours
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 reasonably
                 be
                 question'd
                 whether
                 it
                 were
                 better
                 to
                 conquer
                 or
                 be
                 conquered
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 more
                 expedient
                 to
                 apply
                 some
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 whereby
                 to
                 quench
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 damp
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 ardent
                 Thirst
                 after
                 Blood
                 and
                 Riches
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 is
                 thrown
                 away
                 there
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 laid
                 out
                 upon
                 a
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Establishment
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 Ocean
                 and
                 Mediterranean
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 a
                 War
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 the
                 successful
                 Progress
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 nearness
                 
                 of
                 Spain
                 and
                 Italy
                 ,
                 would
                 the
                 more
                 unite
                 this
                 Monarchy
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 Love
                 of
                 those
                 so
                 Ancient
                 and
                 Loyal
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 join'd
                 with
                 a
                 Desire
                 to
                 see
                 them
                 redeemed
                 from
                 that
                 vile
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Notion
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 miserably
                 oppress'd
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 reduce
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 true
                 Worship
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 have
                 more
                 Influence
                 on
                 us
                 ,
                 than
                 State-Interest
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 as
                 the
                 Encouragement
                 of
                 Valour
                 and
                 Military
                 Glory
                 in
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Security
                 thereof
                 ;
                 so
                 is
                 it
                 not
                 without
                 Danger
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Supreme
                 Power
                 is
                 lodg'd
                 in
                 many
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Commonwealths
                 ;
                 their
                 greatest
                 Hazard
                 being
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Arms
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 intrust
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 one
                 ;
                 that
                 very
                 Hand
                 which
                 they
                 first
                 arm'd
                 usually
                 laying
                 the
                 Yoke
                 on
                 them
                 ;
                 those
                 Forces
                 themselves
                 gave
                 ,
                 oppressing
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Thus
                 it
                 was
                 with
                 the
                 Roman
                 Republick
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 Tyranny
                 pass'd
                 to
                 almost
                 all
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
                 However
                 requisite
                 therefore
                 it
                 be
                 to
                 keep
                 Armies
                 always
                 ready
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Exercise
                 ;
                 yet
                 the
                 Arts
                 of
                 Peace
                 are
                 still
                 more
                 secure
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 the
                 People
                 be
                 corrupted
                 ,
                 and
                 separated
                 in
                 distant
                 Places
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Fierceness
                 of
                 War
                 does
                 but
                 render
                 them
                 more
                 Insolent
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 view
                 of
                 Danger
                 ,
                 than
                 secure
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 expect
                 they
                 should
                 unite
                 for
                 their
                 Conservation
                 .
                 The
                 Liberty
                 of
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Genoua
                 was
                 not
                 less
                 safe
                 ,
                 when
                 its
                 Mountains
                 were
                 not
                 regularly
                 fortified
                 ,
                 than
                 now
                 that
                 through
                 singular
                 Industry
                 and
                 Labour
                 they
                 are
                 made
                 as
                 Impregnable
                 Walls
                 to
                 the
                 State.
                 For
                 too
                 much
                 Security
                 breeds
                 ill
                 Humours
                 ,
                 divides
                 the
                 People
                 into
                 Factions
                 ,
                 begets
                 Presumptuous
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 despises
                 External
                 Means
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 In
                 Commonwealths
                 harrass'd
                 with
                 Intestine
                 Broils
                 ,
                 Wars
                 are
                 more
                 dangerous
                 than
                 useful
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 then
                 only
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 advantage
                 to
                 Genoua
                 ,
                 when
                 that
                 prudent
                 Senate
                 shall
                 act
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 never
                 built
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXXIV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 IT
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 That
                 Nature
                 was
                 rather
                 a
                 Step-Mother
                 to
                 Man
                 ,
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 she
                 had
                 shewed
                 her self
                 more
                 liberal
                 to
                 other
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 in
                 giving
                 them
                 a
                 clearer
                 Instinct
                 and
                 Notice
                 of
                 the
                 Means
                 necessary
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 and
                 Conservation
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 Persons
                 did
                 not
                 sufficiently
                 consider
                 their
                 own
                 Excellency
                 ,
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Dominion
                 over
                 Sublunary
                 Things
                 ;
                 Nature
                 having
                 bestowed
                 on
                 them
                 a
                 swift
                 Understanding
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Moment
                 penetrating
                 both
                 the
                 Earth
                 and
                 Heavens
                 :
                 a
                 Memory
                 ,
                 wherein
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 confusion
                 or
                 disorder
                 ,
                 are
                 reposited
                 the
                 Idea's
                 of
                 Things
                 so
                 various
                 :
                 a
                 Reason
                 ,
                 which
                 Distinguisheth
                 ,
                 Collects
                 ,
                 and
                 Concludes
                 :
                 a
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 that
                 Comprehends
                 ,
                 
                 Weighs
                 ,
                 and
                 Determines
                 ;
                 Gifts
                 whereby
                 Man
                 is
                 intitled
                 to
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 all
                 Created
                 Beings
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Liberty
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 them
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 having
                 Hands
                 framed
                 with
                 such
                 Skill
                 and
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 Tools
                 fit
                 for
                 all
                 Arts
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 although
                 he
                 comes
                 into
                 the
                 World
                 naked
                 and
                 without
                 Arms
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 forges
                 them
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Fancy
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 defend
                 himself
                 ,
                 or
                 assault
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 Earth
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 furnishes
                 him
                 with
                 Iron
                 and
                 Steel
                 ;
                 the
                 Water
                 (
                 as
                 you
                 see
                 in
                 this
                 Device
                 )
                 turns
                 the
                 Mill
                 that
                 strikes
                 them
                 :
                 Thus
                 all
                 the
                 Elements
                 obey
                 his
                 Will.
                 With
                 any
                 slight
                 Plank
                 (
                 Boat
                 )
                 he
                 tames
                 the
                 Sea's
                 Pride
                 ,
                 and
                 gathers
                 the
                 Winds
                 into
                 a
                 small
                 piece
                 of
                 Canvas
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 serve
                 him
                 for
                 Wings
                 to
                 fly
                 from
                 one
                 Place
                 to
                 another
                 ;
                 confines
                 all
                 the
                 Fire's
                 Violence
                 within
                 Brazen
                 Pipes
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Guns
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 shoots
                 Thunderbolts
                 no
                 less
                 terrible
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Iupiter
                 himself
                 .
                 By
                 Wit
                 and
                 Art
                 he
                 facilitates
                 many
                 Things
                 impossible
                 to
                 Nature
                 :
                 By
                 these
                 he
                 improves
                 Nature
                 1
                 ;
                 he
                 tempers
                 Breast-Plates
                 ,
                 and
                 sharpens
                 Iron
                 into
                 Lances
                 .
                 It
                 behoves
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 use
                 Industry
                 more
                 than
                 Force
                 ,
                 Wisdom
                 than
                 Arms
                 2
                 ,
                 the
                 Pen
                 rather
                 than
                 the
                 Sword
                 3
                 .
                 For
                 to
                 attempt
                 every
                 thing
                 with
                 one's
                 utmost
                 Power
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Folly
                 of
                 the
                 Gyants
                 ,
                 who
                 heaped
                 Mountains
                 upon
                 Mountains
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 greatest
                 Strength
                 that
                 always
                 Triumphs
                 ;
                 the
                 little
                 Remora
                 stops
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 a
                 Ship.
                 That
                 one
                 City
                 ,
                 Numantia
                 ,
                 fatigu'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 ,
                 for
                 fourteen
                 Years
                 :
                 Nor
                 did
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 those
                 vast
                 Countries
                 of
                 Asia
                 cost
                 it
                 so
                 much
                 Pains
                 as
                 the
                 Taking
                 of
                 Saguntum
                 *
                 .
                 Strength
                 decays
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 consumed
                 ,
                 but
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Ingenuity
                 endures
                 for
                 ever
                 ;
                 and
                 except
                 War
                 be
                 managed
                 by
                 this
                 ,
                 Victory
                 is
                 never
                 obtained
                 by
                 that
                 .
                 A
                 War
                 carry'd
                 on
                 by
                 Policy
                 is
                 secure
                 ;
                 that
                 which
                 relies
                 wholly
                 upon
                 Strength
                 ,
                 hazardous
                 and
                 uncertain
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 Wise
                 Head
                 is
                 worth
                 Twenty
                 Hands
                 .
                 †
              
               
               
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 writing
                 to
                 Germanicus
                 ,
                 boasts
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 nine
                 times
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 by
                 Augustus
                 into
                 Germany
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 more
                 by
                 Stratagem
                 than
                 by
                 Force
                 4
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 he
                 use
                 to
                 take
                 any
                 other
                 Measures
                 ,
                 when
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 especially
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 remote
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 and
                 would
                 frequently
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Foreign
                   Affairs
                   should
                   be
                   managed
                   by
                   Wisdom
                   and
                   Policy
                   ,
                   and
                   Armies
                   kept
                   as
                   far
                   off
                   as
                   possible
                
                 5
                 .
                 All
                 things
                 are
                 not
                 surmounted
                 by
                 Strength
                 and
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 by
                 Policy
                 and
                 Deliberation
                 6
                 .
                 The
                 Low-Countries
                 were
                 ruin'd
                 amidst
                 their
                 continual
                 Victories
                 ;
                 because
                 they
                 confided
                 in
                 Strength
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Let
                 Force
                 submit
                 to
                 Policy
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 will
                 conquer
                 where
                 the
                 other
                 cannot
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Moorish
                 Armies
                 annoyed
                 Spain
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 King
                 Roderick
                 ,
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 Murcia
                 was
                 defeated
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 lost
                 their
                 Lives
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Women
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 placed
                 themselves
                 along
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 in
                 Mens
                 Habit
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 in
                 Armour
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 thinking
                 by
                 this
                 they
                 were
                 still
                 very
                 Numerous
                 ,
                 consented
                 to
                 Honourable
                 Terms
                 .
                 Edward
                 IV.
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 used
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 
                   Charles
                   the
                   Wise
                
                 ,
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Armies
                 ,
                 by
                 writing
                 Letters
                 only
                 ,
                 did
                 him
                 more
                 mischief
                 than
                 his
                 Father
                 or
                 Grand-father
                 had
                 done
                 with
                 all
                 theirs
                 .
                 The
                 Sword
                 can
                 exert
                 its
                 Force
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 Places
                 ;
                 good
                 Management
                 is
                 of
                 Universal
                 Influence
                 .
                 Nor
                 does
                 Princes
                 being
                 remote
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 signifie
                 any
                 thing
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 Trees
                 have
                 Communication
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 united
                 to
                 each
                 other
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 Roots
                 ,
                 their
                 Activity
                 being
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 Extent
                 ;
                 so
                 they
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 secret
                 Practices
                 ,
                 may
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 Policy
                 makes
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 its
                 own
                 by
                 Alliance
                 ,
                 having
                 the
                 Common
                 Interest
                 in
                 view
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 may
                 do
                 more
                 from
                 a
                 private
                 Closet
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 an
                 open
                 Plain
                 .
                 King
                 Philip
                 II.
                 never
                 went
                 out
                 of
                 Madrid
                 ,
                 yet
                 kept
                 the
                 World
                 in
                 Awe
                 and
                 
                 Obedience
                 :
                 He
                 made
                 himself
                 more
                 Formidable
                 by
                 Prudence
                 than
                 by
                 Power
                 .
                 The
                 Power
                 that
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 Address
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 Infinite
                 .
                 Archimedes
                 often
                 said
                 ,
                 If
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Place
                 to
                 stand
                 on
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Machines
                 ,
                 move
                 this
                 Terraqueous
                 Globe
                 .
                 Any
                 Potent
                 Monarchy
                 might
                 easily
                 attain
                 to
                 an
                 Universal
                 Empire
                 ,
                 if
                 to
                 its
                 Strength
                 were
                 joined
                 Skill
                 and
                 Industry
                 :
                 But
                 lest
                 this
                 should
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Primum
                   Mobile
                
                 of
                 Empires
                 permits
                 the
                 Great
                 Ones
                 to
                 want
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 wholly
                 trust
                 to
                 their
                 Power
                 .
                 More
                 Affairs
                 are
                 transacted
                 by
                 Counsel
                 and
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 Blows
                 7
                 .
                 Power
                 with
                 Rashness
                 is
                 as
                 dangerous
                 as
                 Rashness
                 without
                 Power
                 .
                 Abundance
                 of
                 Wars
                 between
                 Christian
                 Princes
                 might
                 be
                 avoided
                 by
                 Industry
                 ;
                 but
                 either
                 Judgment
                 is
                 insensible
                 of
                 their
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 find
                 a
                 way
                 to
                 decline
                 them
                 Honourably
                 ,
                 or
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 regard
                 them
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 blinding
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 Vanity
                 and
                 Haughtiness
                 look
                 on
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Bravery
                 ,
                 voluntarily
                 to
                 face
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 are
                 tickled
                 with
                 a
                 Counterfeit-Glory
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Publick
                 Action
                 ,
                 whereon
                 the
                 Common
                 Preservation
                 of
                 all
                 depends
                 ,
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 measured
                 by
                 thin
                 Shadows
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Publick
                 Advantage
                 and
                 Utility
                 ;
                 yet
                 so
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 must
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 leave
                 no
                 Stone
                 unturn'd
                 to
                 shun
                 War
                 ,
                 cutting
                 off
                 all
                 Occasions
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 happen
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 already
                 ,
                 getting
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 by
                 their
                 Counsel
                 can
                 promote
                 Peace
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 find
                 out
                 all
                 endearing
                 ways
                 imaginable
                 to
                 preserve
                 Friendship
                 :
                 Let
                 him
                 embrace
                 his
                 Enemy
                 both
                 within
                 and
                 without
                 his
                 Realms
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 crossing
                 his
                 Designs
                 ,
                 and
                 entring
                 into
                 Leagues
                 and
                 Alliances
                 Defensive
                 ,
                 terrifie
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 these
                 Humane
                 Means
                 let
                 him
                 join
                 the
                 Divine
                 Assistances
                 of
                 Prayer
                 and
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 and
                 apply
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Pope
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Common
                 Father
                 of
                 Christendom
                 ,
                 ingenuously
                 telling
                 him
                 his
                 Intentions
                 and
                 Desire
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Quiet
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Injury
                 received
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Reasons
                 that
                 induce
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 ,
                 
                 if
                 Satisfaction
                 be
                 not
                 made
                 him
                 .
                 Whence
                 the
                 Matter
                 being
                 also
                 carry'd
                 to
                 the
                 College
                 of
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 See
                 interposed
                 ,
                 either
                 the
                 War
                 will
                 be
                 avoided
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Prince
                 justifie
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 it
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 where
                 is
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 at
                 which
                 all
                 Princes
                 Actions
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 judged
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Controversies
                 decided
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 this
                 a
                 Mean-spiritedness
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 a
                 Christian
                 Generosity
                 ,
                 and
                 Political
                 Provision
                 for
                 the
                 maintaining
                 Amity
                 among
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 avoiding
                 of
                 Emulations
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 they
                 occasion
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXXV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 WHen
                 the
                 Bear
                 has
                 got
                 a
                 Bee-Hive
                 ,
                 he
                 finds
                 no
                 better
                 way
                 than
                 to
                 plunge
                 it
                 under
                 Water
                 ;
                 for
                 any
                 other
                 would
                 rather
                 hinder
                 his
                 Design
                 of
                 getting
                 the
                 
                 Honey
                 ,
                 and
                 escaping
                 the
                 Stings
                 of
                 the
                 Bees
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 Example
                 ,
                 the
                 present
                 Emblem
                 shews
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 of
                 keeping
                 a
                 Mediocrity
                 in
                 Counsels
                 ;
                 experienc'd
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 
                   Herennius
                   Pontius
                
                 gave
                 the
                 Samnites
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 got
                 the
                 Romans
                 in
                 a
                 narrow
                 Pass
                 ,
                 who
                 seeing
                 his
                 first
                 Advice
                 rejected
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 all
                 go
                 ,
                 was
                 for
                 putting
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 ask'd
                 why
                 he
                 thus
                 went
                 from
                 one
                 Extreme
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Middle-way
                 might
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 of
                 giving
                 them
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Imposition
                 of
                 certain
                 Laws
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 Conquer'd
                 ?
                 He
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   was
                   necessary
                   either
                   to
                   shew
                   themselves
                   generous
                   to
                   the
                
                 Romans
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   so
                   signal
                   a
                   Kindness
                   to
                   establish
                   a
                   firm
                   and
                   inviolable
                   Peace
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   give
                   such
                   a
                   Blow
                   to
                   their
                   Forces
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   never
                   again
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   make
                   Head
                   against
                   them
                   ;
                   Any
                   way
                   between
                   these
                   two
                   ,
                
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   will
                   neither
                   make
                   Friends
                   ,
                   nor
                   take
                   away
                   Enemies
                
                 1
                 .
                 
                   Hence
                   that
                   of
                
                 Aristodemus
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Aetolians
                   :
                   We
                   must
                   have
                   the
                
                 Romans
                 
                   either
                   our
                   Allies
                   or
                   Enemies
                   ;
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   Middle-way
                
                 2
                 .
                 In
                 those
                 Cases
                 where
                 any
                 one
                 would
                 oblige
                 a
                 Friend
                 or
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 Moderate
                 Expressions
                 of
                 Kindness
                 do
                 nothing
                 :
                 For
                 Gratitude
                 always
                 looks
                 upon
                 the
                 Omissions
                 are
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 seldom
                 fails
                 to
                 find
                 a
                 Reason
                 not
                 to
                 think
                 it self
                 Obliged
                 .
                 Thus
                 Francis
                 I.
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 laid
                 not
                 aside
                 his
                 Enmity
                 to
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 notwithstanding
                 he
                 set
                 him
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 because
                 his
                 Captivity
                 was
                 not
                 so
                 generous
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Alphonsus
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 taken
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 by
                 Ferdinand
                 King
                 of
                 Leon
                 ,
                 was
                 treated
                 by
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Humanity
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 his
                 Wounds
                 dress'd
                 carefully
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 set
                 at
                 liberty
                 after
                 his
                 Recovery
                 ;
                 Favours
                 which
                 wrought
                 upon
                 him
                 to
                 lay
                 his
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 at
                 the
                 Conqueror's
                 Feet
                 :
                 But
                 Ferdinand
                 refused
                 the
                 Offer
                 ,
                 satisfied
                 with
                 the
                 Restitution
                 of
                 such
                 Places
                 as
                 had
                 been
                 lately
                 taken
                 in
                 Galicia
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Consideration
                 had
                 Philip
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 when
                 having
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Arragon
                 and
                 Navarr
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 Alphonsus
                 V.
                 )
                 he
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 ,
                 to
                 deliberate
                 what
                 should
                 be
                 done
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 some
                 were
                 for
                 having
                 them
                 pay
                 a
                 Ransom
                 ,
                 others
                 for
                 binding
                 them
                 to
                 certain
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 and
                 lasty
                 ,
                 others
                 for
                 freely
                 Dismissing
                 them
                 without
                 either
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 this
                 last
                 Advice
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 lay
                 the
                 greater
                 Obligation
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 engage
                 their
                 Friendship
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Kingdoms
                 are
                 embroil'd
                 in
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 more
                 dangerous
                 than
                 standing
                 Neuter
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Henry
                   the
                   Infant
                
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 Troubles
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 Nonage
                 of
                 King
                 Ferdinand
                 IV.
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 lost
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 without
                 obliging
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 dangerous
                 in
                 the
                 Punishments
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 to
                 inflict
                 them
                 promiscuously
                 on
                 all
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 it
                 seems
                 most
                 adviseable
                 ,
                 either
                 wholly
                 to
                 connive
                 at
                 their
                 Faults
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 severe
                 Example
                 of
                 some
                 one
                 .
                 Hence
                 Germanicus
                 was
                 counsell'd
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Rebellion
                 of
                 the
                 German
                 Legions
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 grant
                 All
                 or
                 None
                 of
                 what
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 demanded
                 3
                 ;
                 and
                 deservedly
                 blam'd
                 for
                 indulging
                 them
                 Part
                 ,
                 taking
                 a
                 Middle-way
                 4
                 .
                 Thus
                 Drusus
                 ,
                 in
                 another
                 Occasion
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 nature
                 ,
                 was
                 advised
                 either
                 to
                 Dissemble
                 ,
                 or
                 Punish
                 with
                 Rigour
                 .
                 The
                 prudentest
                 Counsel
                 certainly
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 can
                 never
                 keep
                 a
                 Medium
                 between
                 two
                 Extremes
                 ,
                 but
                 always
                 exceed
                 in
                 the
                 one
                 or
                 the
                 other
                 5
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Matter
                 require
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 Ruine
                 not
                 to
                 venture
                 enough
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 to
                 use
                 sufficient
                 Precaution
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 Valens
                 ,
                 who
                 wavering
                 between
                 the
                 Counsels
                 that
                 were
                 given
                 him
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 come
                 to
                 any
                 determinate
                 Resolution
                 6
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 Affairs
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 Fear
                 would
                 sometimes
                 appear
                 prudent
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 suggests
                 Moderate
                 Resolutions
                 ;
                 which
                 serve
                 but
                 to
                 encourage
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 him
                 Time
                 to
                 look
                 about
                 him
                 .
                 As
                 King
                 Iohn
                 I.
                 found
                 ,
                 who
                 pretending
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Portugal
                 was
                 devolved
                 on
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 his
                 Father-in-Law
                 ,
                 resolved
                 to
                 enter
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 alone
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 his
                 Army
                 follow
                 :
                 whence
                 the
                 Portuguese
                 gained
                 Time
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 in
                 the
                 interim
                 ;
                 which
                 had
                 never
                 been
                 done
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 immediately
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 War
                 ,
                 left
                 his
                 Right
                 to
                 the
                 Decision
                 of
                 Justice
                 .
                 Threats
                 signifie
                 little
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Hand
                 lifted
                 up
                 ,
                 have
                 no
                 Weapon
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 not
                 sometimes
                 punish
                 Disobedience
                 in
                 earnest
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Hastiness
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 makes
                 them
                 regard
                 neither
                 the
                 past
                 nor
                 present
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 their
                 Minds
                 they
                 are
                 too
                 adventurous
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 precipitous
                 in
                 their
                 Resolutions
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 this
                 very
                 thing
                 oftentimes
                 gives
                 Success
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 they
                 avoid
                 Luke-warmness
                 ,
                 and
                 dispatch
                 every
                 thing
                 in
                 a
                 trice
                 .
                 The
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 are
                 Dilatory
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 ,
                 by
                 long
                 and
                 much
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 proceed
                 with
                 more
                 Caution
                 ;
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 Affectation
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 use
                 to
                 Hesitate
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 take
                 Time
                 to
                 Consult
                 ,
                 lose
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 of
                 Execution
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Italians
                 know
                 better
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 Advantage
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 using
                 the
                 Opportunities
                 as
                 they
                 present
                 themselves
                 :
                 Not
                 like
                 the
                 Germans
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 slow
                 in
                 Resolving
                 ,
                 lazy
                 in
                 Executing
                 ,
                 and
                 consult
                 only
                 the
                 present
                 Time
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 past
                 or
                 future
                 .
                 Their
                 Minds
                 change
                 with
                 Events
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 they
                 have
                 so
                 little
                 advanced
                 their
                 Fortune
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 otherwise
                 a
                 Nation
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 considering
                 its
                 innate
                 Courage
                 ,
                 might
                 extend
                 its
                 Dominions
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 same
                 Cause
                 may
                 be
                 ascribed
                 the
                 long
                 Continuance
                 of
                 the
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 the
                 Empire
                 is
                 harrass'd
                 with
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ;
                 which
                 undoubtedly
                 ,
                 by
                 resolute
                 Counsel
                 and
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 laid
                 asleep
                 long
                 ago
                 ;
                 whereas
                 by
                 slow
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 pass'd
                 for
                 
                 Prudent
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 seen
                 vast
                 Armies
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Rhine
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 have
                 made
                 way
                 even
                 into
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 forced
                 it
                 to
                 an
                 Universal
                 Peace
                 :
                 a
                 thing
                 has
                 done
                 them
                 more
                 prejudice
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 lost
                 several
                 Battels
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 greater
                 Overthrow
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 an
                 Army
                 insensibly
                 to
                 waste
                 and
                 perish
                 within
                 it self
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 this
                 has
                 made
                 Havock
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Places
                 adjacent
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 War
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 carried
                 ,
                 when
                 now
                 its
                 Seat
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Heart
                 of
                 Germany
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 all
                 other
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Civil
                 Government
                 ,
                 Middle-Counsels
                 may
                 have
                 place
                 ;
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 Extremes
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 Importance
                 ever
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 from
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 afterwards
                 (
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 Necessity
                 )
                 come
                 to
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 with
                 the
                 less
                 inconvenience
                 .
                 Between
                 these
                 two
                 Extremes
                 ,
                 the
                 Ancients
                 placed
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 represented
                 by
                 the
                 flight
                 of
                 Daedalus
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 neither
                 too
                 near
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 nor
                 too
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 excessive
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 should
                 melt
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Moisture
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 wet
                 his
                 Wings
                 .
                 I●
                 Countries
                 whose
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 not
                 of
                 a
                 Servile
                 Nature
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 a
                 Polite
                 Genius
                 ,
                 and
                 Generous
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 the
                 Reins
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Caution
                 and
                 Address
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 too
                 much
                 Indulgence
                 shall
                 breed
                 Arrogance
                 ,
                 nor
                 too
                 much
                 Rigour
                 Aversion
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 equally
                 dangerous
                 to
                 curb
                 them
                 with
                 Bits
                 and
                 Barnacles
                 ,
                 and
                 turn
                 them
                 loose
                 without
                 a
                 Bridle
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 can
                 
                   neither
                   endure
                   all
                   Liberty
                   ,
                   nor
                   all
                   Slavery
                   ,
                
                 (
                 as
                 Galba
                 told
                 Piso
                 of
                 the
                 7
                 Romans
                 .
                 )
                 Always
                 to
                 execute
                 Power
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 wear
                 out
                 the
                 Chain
                 of
                 Servitude
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 to
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 reduce
                 Subjects
                 to
                 the
                 model
                 of
                 an
                 absolute
                 Perfect
                 State
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 Humane
                 Nature
                 admits
                 not
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Government
                 to
                 be
                 such
                 as
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 being
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 expedient
                 ,
                 
                 are
                 not
                 possible
                 to
                 Humane
                 Infirmity
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 an
                 Absurdity
                 ,
                 to
                 wish
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 no
                 Defect
                 at
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Common-wealth
                 .
                 There
                 will
                 be
                 Vices
                 ,
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 there
                 be
                 Men.
                 Excess
                 of
                 Zeal
                 is
                 the
                 Spring
                 of
                 many
                 Mistakes
                 in
                 Governors
                 ,
                 in
                 not
                 knowing
                 how
                 to
                 conform
                 to
                 Prudence
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 is
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 when
                 Princes
                 affect
                 to
                 pass
                 for
                 Severe
                 ,
                 and
                 imagining
                 their
                 Reputation
                 consists
                 in
                 Ruling
                 their
                 Subjects
                 so
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 shall
                 never
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 degree
                 swerve
                 from
                 Reason
                 and
                 the
                 Laws
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 dangerous
                 Strictness
                 ,
                 which
                 consults
                 not
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Passions
                 of
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 .
                 Open
                 Address
                 prevails
                 more
                 than
                 Power
                 ;
                 Example
                 and
                 Complacency
                 ,
                 than
                 Inhuman
                 Severity
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 rather
                 make
                 believe
                 he
                 finds
                 his
                 Subjects
                 good
                 ,
                 than
                 value
                 himself
                 upon
                 making
                 them
                 so
                 :
                 which
                 Tacitus
                 commends
                 Agricola
                 for
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Government
                 of
                 Britain
                 8
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 suffer
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 deceived
                 in
                 the
                 past
                 Times
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 wish
                 he
                 could
                 see
                 those
                 Good
                 Manners
                 he
                 fancies
                 were
                 in
                 those
                 Days
                 :
                 For
                 Malice
                 was
                 ever
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 all
                 Times
                 ;
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 fault
                 of
                 our
                 corrupt
                 Nature
                 ,
                 always
                 to
                 like
                 the
                 Past
                 better
                 than
                 the
                 Present
                 9
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 granting
                 that
                 Severity
                 and
                 Obedience
                 were
                 greater
                 formerly
                 ,
                 yet
                 this
                 Age
                 will
                 not
                 bear
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 those
                 Ancient
                 Manners
                 are
                 alter'd
                 in
                 it
                 :
                 This
                 Mistake
                 cost
                 Galba
                 both
                 his
                 Life
                 and
                 Empire
                 10
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXXVI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 MAN's
                 Mind
                 has
                 not
                 been
                 satisfy'd
                 with
                 the
                 Speculation
                 of
                 Terrestrial
                 Things
                 ;
                 but
                 impatient
                 that
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Heavens
                 should
                 be
                 deferred
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 till
                 after
                 Death
                 ,
                 has
                 broke
                 the
                 Prison
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 soar'd
                 above
                 the
                 very
                 Elements
                 ,
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 ,
                 by
                 Reasoning
                 ,
                 what
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 by
                 Touching
                 ,
                 Sight
                 ,
                 and
                 Hearing
                 :
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 hath
                 form'd
                 in
                 Imagination
                 an
                 Idea
                 of
                 that
                 most
                 Beautiful
                 Fabrick
                 ,
                 contriving
                 a
                 Sphere
                 with
                 such
                 various
                 Circles
                 ,
                 Equations
                 and
                 Epicycles
                 ,
                 as
                 aptly
                 represent
                 the
                 several
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Planets
                 and
                 Constellations
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 be
                 not
                 positively
                 assured
                 whether
                 the
                 thing
                 be
                 really
                 so
                 ,
                 he
                 hath
                 ,
                 however
                 ,
                 acquired
                 this
                 Glory
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 can
                 now
                 
                 conceive
                 how
                 this
                 World
                 is
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 how
                 it
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 created
                 .
                 Neither
                 does
                 the
                 Mind
                 stay
                 here
                 ;
                 but
                 restless
                 and
                 venturesom
                 in
                 its
                 Researches
                 ,
                 has
                 imagin'd
                 another
                 quite
                 different
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 persuade
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sun
                 is
                 the
                 Center
                 of
                 those
                 Orbs
                 which
                 move
                 round
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 Light
                 from
                 it
                 .
                 An
                 Hypothesis
                 impious
                 ,
                 and
                 directly
                 contrary
                 to
                 Natural
                 Reason
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 Rest
                 to
                 heavy
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 repugnant
                 to
                 Holy
                 Writ
                 ,
                 which
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Earth
                   stands
                   for
                   ever
                
                 1
                 :
                 lastly
                 ,
                 inconsistent
                 with
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 must
                 be
                 moved
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Rays
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 the
                 Sun
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 him
                 ,
                 when
                 yet
                 this
                 (
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 Creatures
                 )
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 only
                 for
                 his
                 Service
                 2
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 certain
                 then
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Prince
                 of
                 Light
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 in
                 Charge
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 here
                 below
                 ,
                 illuminates
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Presence
                 informs
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 going
                 ,
                 without
                 intermission
                 ,
                 from
                 one
                 Tropick
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Contrivance
                 so
                 wonderful
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 receive
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 an
                 equal
                 Heat
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 an
                 equal
                 Light
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Divine
                 Wisdom
                 has
                 prevented
                 the
                 Evil
                 that
                 would
                 unavoidably
                 ensue
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Sun
                 should
                 never
                 leave
                 the
                 Aequator
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 its
                 Rays
                 would
                 utterly
                 burn
                 up
                 some
                 Countries
                 ,
                 while
                 others
                 would
                 freeze
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 involved
                 in
                 perpetual
                 Darkness
                 .
                 This
                 Natural
                 Example
                 teaches
                 Princes
                 how
                 much
                 it
                 advances
                 the
                 Publick
                 Utility
                 ,
                 for
                 Them
                 ,
                 like
                 that
                 Swiftest
                 of
                 the
                 Planets
                 ,
                 continually
                 to
                 move
                 about
                 their
                 States
                 ,
                 to
                 warm
                 the
                 Affection
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Life
                 to
                 their
                 Affairs
                 3
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 what
                 the
                 Royal
                 Prophet
                 would
                 intimate
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   God
                   has
                   placed
                   his
                   Tabernacle
                   upon
                   the
                   Sun
                
                 4
                 ,
                 which
                 never
                 stands
                 still
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 present
                 on
                 all
                 Occasions
                 .
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 kept
                 not
                 their
                 Courts
                 in
                 one
                 certain
                 Place
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 atchieved
                 
                 many
                 Notable
                 Things
                 which
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 possibly
                 have
                 done
                 by
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 although
                 dexterous
                 and
                 careful
                 enough
                 ,
                 yet
                 never
                 perform
                 what
                 the
                 Prince
                 would
                 ,
                 were
                 he
                 present
                 in
                 Person
                 ;
                 because
                 they
                 want
                 either
                 Orders
                 or
                 Power
                 .
                 Our
                 Saviour
                 Christ
                 no
                 sooner
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Sheep-pool
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 healed
                 the
                 Paralytick
                 5
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Angel
                 could
                 not
                 do
                 in
                 Eight
                 and
                 thirty
                 Years
                 ,
                 whose
                 Commission
                 being
                 only
                 to
                 
                   trouble
                   the
                   Water
                
                 ,
                 he
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Minister
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 go
                 beyond
                 it
                 6
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 impossible
                 for
                 States
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 govern'd
                 by
                 the
                 bare
                 Relations
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 Solomon
                 advises
                 Kings
                 to
                 give
                 ●ar
                 to
                 their
                 Subjects
                 themselves
                 7
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Office
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 their
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 is
                 given
                 of
                 the
                 Lord
                 that
                 Power
                 and
                 Vertue
                 which
                 accompanies
                 the
                 Scepter
                 only
                 ,
                 wherein
                 it
                 infuses
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 of
                 Courage
                 and
                 Piety
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Divinity
                 ,
                 enabling
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 foresee
                 Things
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 cannot
                 be
                 put
                 upon
                 either
                 in
                 what
                 he
                 sees
                 or
                 hears
                 8
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 in
                 Time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 some
                 fix'd
                 Place
                 of
                 Residence
                 seems
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 inconvenient
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 by
                 going
                 a
                 Progress
                 round
                 each
                 Country
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 once
                 visited
                 his
                 States
                 .
                 Nor
                 indeed
                 are
                 any
                 Treasuries
                 capable
                 of
                 defraying
                 the
                 Expences
                 frequent
                 Removals
                 of
                 a
                 Court
                 will
                 require
                 ;
                 nor
                 can
                 they
                 be
                 made
                 without
                 considerable
                 Detriment
                 to
                 the
                 Subject
                 ,
                 without
                 disturbing
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 Councils
                 and
                 Tribunals
                 ,
                 and
                 retarding
                 the
                 Proceedings
                 of
                 Government
                 and
                 Justice
                 .
                 King
                 Philip
                 II.
                 throughout
                 his
                 whole
                 Reign
                 ,
                 scarce
                 ever
                 went
                 a
                 step
                 out
                 of
                 Madrid
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 Occasions
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 it
                 appears
                 more
                 adviseable
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 himself
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Head
                 his
                 Subjects
                 :
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 for
                 that
                 Reason
                 the
                 Scared
                 Writings
                 
                 call
                 him
                 Shepherd
                 and
                 Captain
                 9
                 .
                 Thus
                 God
                 ,
                 commanding
                 Samuel
                 to
                 anoint
                 Saul
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 say
                 to
                 be
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 be
                 
                   Captain
                   over
                   Israel
                
                 10
                 :
                 intimating
                 that
                 this
                 was
                 his
                 principal
                 Office
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 effect
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Practice
                 of
                 all
                 Kings
                 in
                 former
                 Ages
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 grounded
                 their
                 Petition
                 for
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 one
                 to
                 go
                 out
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 fight
                 their
                 Battels
                 11
                 .
                 Nothing
                 encourages
                 Soldiers
                 more
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 than
                 their
                 Prince's
                 Presence
                 12
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 thought
                 theirs
                 ,
                 even
                 while
                 in
                 their
                 Cradles
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 same
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 carry'd
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Infancy
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 .
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 took
                 his
                 Presence
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-fight
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 equivalent
                 to
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Ships
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 13
                 .
                 
                   Alexander
                   the
                   Great
                
                 animated
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 by
                 representing
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 first
                 exposed
                 himself
                 to
                 Dangers
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 case
                 ,
                 is
                 upon
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 great
                 Exploits
                 are
                 often
                 performed
                 ,
                 which
                 no
                 one
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 absence
                 ,
                 would
                 dare
                 to
                 undertake
                 :
                 Nor
                 is
                 there
                 need
                 to
                 wait
                 for
                 Orders
                 from
                 Court
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 generally
                 come
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 is
                 gone
                 ,
                 and
                 always
                 full
                 of
                 vain
                 Apprehensions
                 ,
                 and
                 impracticable
                 Circumstances
                 ;
                 a
                 Thing
                 we
                 have
                 often
                 experienc'd
                 in
                 Germany
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 great
                 Prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 nothing
                 kindles
                 Spirits
                 so
                 generously
                 ,
                 nothing
                 that
                 inspires
                 such
                 Lofty
                 Thoughts
                 in
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 Hand
                 is
                 Reward
                 ,
                 an
                 Eye-witness
                 of
                 their
                 Bravery
                 14
                 .
                 This
                 Argument
                 Hannibal
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 to
                 inflame
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ;
                 
                   There
                   's
                   none
                   of
                   you
                
                 ,
                 
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   whom
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   a
                   Witness
                   and
                   Spectator
                   of
                   ,
                   and
                   cannot
                   too
                   ,
                   in
                   convenient
                   Time
                   and
                   Place
                   ,
                   requite
                   ,
                   where
                   I
                   observe
                   Merit
                
                 15
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 ,
                 Godfrey
                 thus
                 spoke
                 to
                 his
                 Men
                 :
                 
                   
                     Whose
                     Country
                     is
                     not
                     known
                     ?
                     Whose
                     Noble
                     Blood
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Whose
                     Courage
                     or
                     whose
                     Conduct
                     is
                     not
                     understood
                     ?
                     *
                  
                
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 account
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 convenient
                 for
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 intrust
                 his
                 Forces
                 with
                 a
                 General
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 certain
                 a
                 Danger
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 looked
                 upon
                 as
                 unsafe
                 for
                 Tiberius
                 to
                 put
                 his
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 even
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 Germanicus
                 16
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 takes
                 place
                 more
                 particularly
                 in
                 Civil
                 Insurrections
                 ,
                 where
                 (
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 )
                 the
                 Princes
                 appearing
                 ,
                 easily
                 dashes
                 the
                 Rebels
                 17
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 ,
                 every
                 Motion
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 any
                 small
                 Town
                 ,
                 should
                 not
                 make
                 the
                 Prince
                 come
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 desert
                 the
                 Court
                 ;
                 whence
                 Government
                 flows
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Parts
                 ,
                 as
                 Tiberius
                 well
                 observed
                 in
                 the
                 Troubles
                 of
                 Germany
                 18
                 :
                 He
                 ,
                 at
                 another
                 time
                 ,
                 hearing
                 himself
                 reviled
                 ,
                 for
                 not
                 going
                 to
                 quiet
                 the
                 Hungarian
                 and
                 German
                 Legions
                 ,
                 stood
                 unshaken
                 at
                 those
                 Murmurings
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 fix'd
                 not
                 to
                 abandon
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 and
                 expose
                 that
                 and
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Chance
                 of
                 War.
                 By
                 these
                 Reasons
                 were
                 they
                 led
                 ,
                 who
                 persuaded
                 David
                 not
                 to
                 go
                 out
                 to
                 fight
                 against
                 the
                 Israelites
                 who
                 adhered
                 to
                 Absolom
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 That
                 their
                 being
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 or
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 of
                 so
                 bad
                 consequence
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 fly
                 or
                 be
                 killed
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Person
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 
                 worth
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 it
                 seemed
                 best
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 stay
                 behind
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 Which
                 accordingly
                 he
                 did
                 19
                 .
                 So
                 if
                 the
                 War
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 revenge
                 an
                 Injury
                 or
                 Affront
                 ,
                 
                   Vindictam
                   mandâsse
                   sat
                   est
                   .
                   *
                
                 The
                 same
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 when
                 Arms
                 are
                 taken
                 up
                 for
                 Defence
                 only
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 evident
                 Danger
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 the
                 Prince
                 will
                 get
                 more
                 Credit
                 by
                 despising
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 General
                 .
                 So
                 if
                 the
                 War
                 be
                 waged
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 new
                 Conquests
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 thought
                 too
                 eager
                 Ambition
                 in
                 him
                 to
                 hazard
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 greater
                 Prudence
                 to
                 try
                 his
                 Fortune
                 by
                 another
                 ;
                 as
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 did
                 ,
                 committing
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 Naples
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Great
                   Captain
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Indies
                 to
                 
                   Herman
                   Cortez
                
                 .
                 If
                 a
                 General
                 fall
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 find
                 another
                 to
                 succeed
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 all
                 is
                 lost
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 befell
                 King
                 S●bastian
                 .
                 The
                 Absence
                 of
                 Princes
                 from
                 their
                 Courts
                 is
                 very
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 as
                 Spain
                 found
                 to
                 its
                 cost
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 Nor
                 should
                 a
                 Prince
                 venture
                 his
                 own
                 State
                 ,
                 to
                 conquer
                 others
                 20
                 The
                 same
                 Sun
                 (
                 whose
                 Figure
                 we
                 use
                 in
                 this
                 Device
                 )
                 never
                 visits
                 the
                 Poles
                 ,
                 because
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 would
                 be
                 endanger'd
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 :
                 
                   
                     —
                     Medium
                     non
                     des●rit
                     unquam
                  
                   
                     Coeli
                     Phoebus
                     iter
                     ,
                     radiis
                     tamen
                     omnia
                     lustrat
                     .
                     †
                  
                
                 Nature
                 has
                 given
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 the
                 Bees
                 Wings
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 stray
                 too
                 far
                 from
                 their
                 Kingdoms
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 go
                 to
                 those
                 Wars
                 only
                 whose
                 Seat
                 is
                 within
                 his
                 own
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 threaten
                 him
                 with
                 evident
                 Danger
                 .
                 Hence
                 Mucianus
                 advised
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Domitian
                 to
                 stay
                 at
                 Lyons
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 stir
                 till
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 those
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Empire
                 
                 it self
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 greater
                 danger
                 21
                 .
                 Nor
                 was
                 it
                 good
                 Counsel
                 which
                 Titianus
                 and
                 Proculus
                 gave
                 Otho
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Bedriacum
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 Empire
                 depended
                 22
                 .
                 The
                 Arch-Duke
                 Leopold
                 shews
                 much
                 more
                 Courage
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 he
                 sees
                 himself
                 assaulted
                 at
                 Salefeld
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Joint-Forces
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 much
                 superiour
                 to
                 his
                 ,
                 yet
                 undervalues
                 his
                 Personal
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 and
                 always
                 maintains
                 a
                 general
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 well
                 knowing
                 the
                 Safety
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 and
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 to
                 consist
                 in
                 this
                 Event
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 is
                 the
                 foremost
                 in
                 the
                 Perils
                 and
                 Fatigues
                 of
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 
                   —
                   Monstrat
                   tolerare
                   labores
                   ,
                
                 
                   Non
                   jubet
                   —
                   *
                
              
               
                 But
                 even
                 in
                 these
                 Cases
                 too
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 examine
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 by
                 absenting
                 himself
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 leave
                 his
                 State
                 in
                 greater
                 danger
                 ,
                 either
                 from
                 within
                 or
                 abroad
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 shall
                 not
                 hazard
                 his
                 Succession
                 ;
                 whether
                 he
                 have
                 Courage
                 enough
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 an
                 Inclination
                 to
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 he
                 want
                 but
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 do
                 more
                 by
                 putting
                 his
                 Power
                 and
                 Forces
                 into
                 another
                 Hand
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 Loadstone
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 touching
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 communicating
                 its
                 Virtue
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 lifts
                 up
                 a
                 greater
                 Weight
                 than
                 it
                 could
                 do
                 by
                 it self
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Necessity
                 be
                 great
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 suffice
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 hard
                 by
                 ,
                 to
                 Influence
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 staying
                 in
                 some
                 Place
                 ,
                 whence
                 he
                 may
                 readily
                 Consult
                 ,
                 Resolve
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Orders
                 :
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                 Leopold's
                 way
                 ,
                 who
                 removed
                 sometimes
                 to
                 Aquileia
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 to
                 Ravenna
                 or
                 Milan
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 near
                 the
                 Wars
                 of
                 Hungary
                 and
                 Germany
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXXVII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 PRudence
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 fortunate
                 ,
                 nor
                 Temerity
                 always
                 unhappy
                 :
                 
                   —
                   Quisquis
                   sapit
                   celeriter
                   ,
                   non
                   tuto
                   sapit
                   .
                
                 It
                 is
                 however
                 good
                 for
                 fiery
                 Tempers
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 first
                 impetus
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 because
                 by
                 delay
                 they
                 cool
                 insensibly
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 never
                 determine
                 themselves
                 ;
                 nor
                 has
                 it
                 usually
                 an
                 ill
                 End
                 (
                 in
                 War
                 particularly
                 )
                 to
                 let
                 themselves
                 be
                 l●d
                 by
                 that
                 secret
                 Force
                 of
                 Second
                 Causes
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 compell
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 moves
                 them
                 so
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 it
                 they
                 seldom
                 miscarry
                 .
                 Some
                 Divine
                 Genius
                 favours
                 Daring
                 Actions
                 .
              
               
               
                 Scipio
                 passes
                 the
                 Sea
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 freely
                 trusts
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Punick
                 Faith
                 of
                 Syphax
                 ,
                 with
                 apparent
                 Risque
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Publick
                 Safety
                 of
                 
                   Rome
                   :
                   Julius
                   Caesar
                
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 Bark
                 abandons
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 ;
                 and
                 both
                 succeed
                 in
                 their
                 Ras●ness
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 impossible
                 for
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 provided
                 against
                 by
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 nor
                 would
                 any
                 thing
                 great
                 be
                 attempted
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 should
                 stand
                 to
                 consult
                 all
                 Casualties
                 and
                 Hazards
                 .
                 Cardinal
                 
                   Gaspar
                   Borgia
                
                 enter'd
                 Naples
                 in
                 Disguise
                 ,
                 upon
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Sedition
                 between
                 the
                 Commons
                 and
                 Nobility
                 :
                 The
                 Danger
                 was
                 great
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 proposed
                 several
                 ways
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 secure
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 p●esence
                 of
                 Mind
                 truly
                 generous
                 ,
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   now
                   a
                   Time
                   for
                   Deliberation
                   ,
                   something
                   must
                   be
                   allow'd
                   to
                   Chance
                
                 1
                 .
                 If
                 after
                 the
                 Success
                 of
                 great
                 Enterprizes
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 look
                 back
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Dangers
                 that
                 attended
                 them
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 scarce
                 venture
                 on
                 them
                 again
                 .
                 Iames
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 adventurous
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 sit
                 down
                 before
                 Valencia
                 with
                 only
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 hundred
                 and
                 sixty
                 Horse
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 this
                 Undertaking
                 was
                 look'd
                 on
                 by
                 all
                 Men
                 as
                 rash
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 impossible
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Town
                 surrender'd
                 .
                 Bold
                 Counsels
                 are
                 commonly
                 judged
                 by
                 the
                 Event
                 ;
                 if
                 they
                 succeed
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 commended
                 for
                 Prudent
                 2
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Persons
                 blamed
                 who
                 gave
                 safer
                 Advice
                 .
                 No
                 Judgment
                 can
                 either
                 in
                 Precipitation
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 it
                 acts
                 calmly
                 ,
                 sufficiently
                 provide
                 for
                 it self
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 Affairs
                 depend
                 upon
                 Contingencies
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 uncertain
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 wary
                 Foresight
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 Rashness
                 comes
                 before
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 Moderation
                 follows
                 it
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 this
                 slides
                 swiftly
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 has
                 it
                 any
                 Hair
                 behind
                 to
                 be
                 held
                 by
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 things
                 depend
                 on
                 that
                 Eternal
                 Providence
                 ,
                 which
                 efficaciously
                 moves
                 us
                 to
                 act
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Disposition
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Accomplishing
                 of
                 its
                 Divine
                 Decrees
                 so
                 require
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 then
                 Fool-hardy
                 Counsels
                 are
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 Errors
                 the
                 highest
                 Reason
                 .
                 When
                 Providence
                 would
                 pull
                 down
                 the
                 Pride
                 of
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 lest
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Tower
                 of
                 Babel
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 attempt
                 to
                 reach
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 it
                 confounds
                 the
                 Designs
                 and
                 Languages
                 of
                 its
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 disagree
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 one
                 asks
                 for
                 Lime
                 ,
                 another
                 either
                 does
                 not
                 understand
                 what
                 he
                 means
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 offers
                 him
                 Sand.
                 In
                 the
                 Untimely
                 Death
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 invested
                 with
                 Supreme
                 Government
                 ,
                 its
                 end
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 cut
                 their
                 Thread
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 throw
                 down
                 that
                 Grandeur
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 mentioning
                 
                 David's
                 Victory
                 over
                 Goliah
                 ,
                 says
                 not
                 that
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 his
                 Boasting
                 was
                 beat
                 down
                 with
                 the
                 Stone
                 3
                 .
                 So
                 if
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 decreed
                 to
                 Exalt
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 it
                 creates
                 in
                 that
                 Age
                 brave
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 wise
                 Councellors
                 ,
                 or
                 causes
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 them
                 occasion
                 of
                 exerting
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 giving
                 Proof
                 of
                 their
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 two
                 more
                 is
                 done
                 than
                 by
                 the
                 Arm
                 and
                 Sword
                 4
                 .
                 Bees
                 then
                 swarm
                 into
                 Helmets
                 ,
                 and
                 Weapons
                 grow
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 Hunting
                 Spear
                 of
                 Romulus
                 did
                 ,
                 upon
                 Mount
                 Palatine
                 ,
                 and
                 erected
                 at
                 a
                 Wild
                 Boar.
                 The
                 very
                 missing
                 of
                 the
                 Blow
                 of
                 this
                 Founder
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Monarchy
                 was
                 fortunate
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Prognostick
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Which
                 shews
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 Courage
                 or
                 Prudence
                 that
                 raises
                 and
                 supports
                 Monarchies
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 generally
                 the
                 Instruments
                 )
                 but
                 that
                 Superior
                 Impulse
                 which
                 moves
                 all
                 Causes
                 together
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Encrease
                 or
                 Preservation
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 even
                 Chance
                 ,
                 directed
                 by
                 that
                 Eternal
                 Mind
                 ,
                 effects
                 what
                 Prudence
                 could
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 have
                 imagined
                 before
                 .
                 When
                 Germany
                 Revolted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Roman
                 Affairs
                 were
                 extremely
                 desperate
                 ,
                 the
                 Fortune
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 had
                 often
                 upon
                 other
                 Occasions
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 its
                 Assistance
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 East
                 5
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Conduct
                 of
                 any
                 Hero
                 be
                 ordained
                 to
                 these
                 ends
                 ,
                 no
                 
                 other
                 Person
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 Brave
                 ,
                 and
                 truly
                 Great
                 ,
                 can
                 deprive
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 obtaining
                 them
                 .
                 Could
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 finer
                 Soldier
                 than
                 D'Aubigny
                 ?
                 Yet
                 he
                 was
                 unsuccessful
                 ,
                 having
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Great
                   Captain
                
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 Destined
                 to
                 Establish
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 in
                 Italy
                 :
                 God
                 so
                 disposing
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 6
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 )
                 its
                 Beginnings
                 and
                 Causes
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 chiefly
                 of
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Skill
                 in
                 Government
                 ,
                 laid
                 the
                 Foundations
                 of
                 that
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 erected
                 and
                 enlarg'd
                 it
                 ;
                 being
                 so
                 careful
                 and
                 vigilant
                 to
                 encrease
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 neglected
                 no
                 Occasion
                 which
                 offer'd
                 it self
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 found
                 all
                 that
                 Humane
                 Judgment
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 :
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 so
                 strenuous
                 in
                 the
                 prosecution
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 always
                 the
                 first
                 in
                 Danger
                 and
                 Fatigue
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 Imitation
                 is
                 abundantly
                 more
                 easie
                 to
                 Mankind
                 than
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 Command
                 more
                 by
                 his
                 Actions
                 than
                 Orders
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Fabrick
                 required
                 Workmen
                 ,
                 that
                 Age
                 (
                 fertile
                 in
                 Great
                 Persons
                 )
                 produced
                 
                   Columbus
                   ,
                   Herman
                   Cortez
                
                 ,
                 the
                 two
                 Brothers
                 Francis
                 and
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   Pizarro
                   ,
                   Antony
                   de
                   Liba
                   ,
                   Fabritius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Prosper
                   Colonna
                   ,
                   Raimond
                   de
                   Cardona
                   ,
                
                 the
                 Marquesses
                 of
                 Pescara
                 and
                 Basto
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Hero
                 's
                 so
                 illustrious
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 whole
                 Age
                 now
                 scarce
                 brings
                 forth
                 one
                 such
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 God
                 then
                 prolonged
                 their
                 Lives
                 ;
                 whereas
                 now
                 ,
                 not
                 
                 Mars's
                 Fury
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 lingring
                 Fever
                 ,
                 carries
                 them
                 off
                 before
                 their
                 time
                 .
                 Within
                 how
                 few
                 Years
                 has
                 untimely
                 Death
                 depriv'd
                 us
                 of
                 Peter
                 of
                 
                   Toledo
                   ,
                   Lewis
                   Tajardo
                   ,
                   Frederick
                
                 of
                 Toledo
                 ,
                 the
                 Marquess
                 
                   Spinola
                   ,
                   Gonsalez
                
                 of
                 Cordova
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 
                   de
                   Feria
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Marquess
                 d'Aytona
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                   Lerma
                   ,
                   John
                   Fajardo
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Marquess
                 
                   de
                   Zelada
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Count
                 
                   de
                   la
                   Fere
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Marquess
                 
                   de
                   Fuentes
                
                 ,
                 all
                 Persons
                 no
                 less
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 glorious
                 Actions
                 they
                 did
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 still
                 expected
                 from
                 them
                 ?
                 How
                 Profound
                 and
                 Inscrutable
                 is
                 the
                 Providence
                 of
                 this
                 Eternal
                 Deity
                 !
                 Who
                 would
                 not
                 from
                 
                 hence
                 inferr
                 the
                 Decay
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 ?
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                 Claudius's
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Quaestor
                 ,
                 Aedile
                 ,
                 Tribune
                 ,
                 Praetor
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Consul
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 Month's
                 time
                 ,
                 was
                 look'd
                 on
                 as
                 a
                 Prodigy
                 portending
                 some
                 Evil
                 7
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Instruments
                 are
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 to
                 let
                 all
                 Men
                 see
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 Divine
                 Grace
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 Humane
                 Strength
                 ,
                 is
                 upheld
                 that
                 Power
                 ,
                 the
                 Pillar
                 and
                 Support
                 of
                 Christian
                 Commonwealths
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 this
                 First
                 Mover
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 that
                 disposes
                 these
                 interchangeable
                 Alterations
                 of
                 Things
                 ,
                 these
                 Revolutions
                 of
                 Empires
                 .
                 One
                 Age
                 raises
                 up
                 great
                 Men
                 in
                 a
                 Country
                 ,
                 improves
                 Arts
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 Arms
                 flourish
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 succeeding
                 immediately
                 overturns
                 and
                 confounds
                 all
                 ,
                 without
                 leaving
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Traces
                 of
                 the
                 Vertue
                 and
                 Valour
                 which
                 were
                 an
                 Ornament
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 past
                 .
                 What
                 great
                 ,
                 what
                 secret
                 Force
                 on
                 Things
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 even
                 on
                 Minds
                 ,
                 is
                 conceal'd
                 in
                 those
                 Second
                 Causes
                 of
                 the
                 Heavenly
                 Spheres
                 ?
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 by
                 meer
                 Accident
                 that
                 those
                 Superior
                 Lights
                 are
                 so
                 different
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 some
                 having
                 a
                 Fix'd
                 Place
                 ,
                 others
                 Wandring
                 ;
                 and
                 since
                 this
                 Disorder
                 and
                 Irregularity
                 gives
                 no
                 additional
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 sign
                 at
                 least
                 they
                 contribute
                 to
                 Operations
                 and
                 Effects
                 .
                 O
                 vast
                 Volume
                 !
                 in
                 the
                 Leaves
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 God
                 ,
                 the
                 Contriver
                 and
                 Maker
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 (
                 yet
                 without
                 laying
                 any
                 Obligation
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Power
                 ,
                 or
                 8
                 Man's
                 Will
                 )
                 has
                 wrote
                 their
                 Changes
                 and
                 Vicissitudes
                 in
                 Characters
                 of
                 Light
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 Eternal
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 which
                 past
                 Ages
                 have
                 ,
                 the
                 present
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 to
                 come
                 will
                 for
                 ever
                 read
                 !
                 Greece
                 was
                 heretofore
                 flourishing
                 both
                 in
                 Arms
                 and
                 Arts
                 ;
                 it
                 left
                 Rome
                 enough
                 to
                 learn
                 ,
                 but
                 little
                 to
                 invent
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 it
                 lies
                 buried
                 in
                 the
                 Depth
                 of
                 Ignorance
                 and
                 Degeneracy
                 .
                 The
                 Wits
                 in
                 
                 Augustus's
                 time
                 exceeded
                 even
                 Expectation
                 ,
                 but
                 under
                 Nero
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 flag
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Pains
                 and
                 Industry
                 in
                 the
                 
                 World
                 was
                 not
                 sufficient
                 to
                 save
                 the
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 from
                 Destruction
                 .
                 Unhappy
                 are
                 those
                 great
                 Genius's
                 who
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 World
                 when
                 Monarchies
                 are
                 declining
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 they
                 either
                 are
                 not
                 employed
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 ,
                 cannot
                 withstand
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 their
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 or
                 perhaps
                 miserably
                 fall
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 without
                 Honour
                 or
                 Renown
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 their
                 Fate
                 seems
                 deserved
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 are
                 blamed
                 for
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 Chance
                 9
                 .
                 God
                 lays
                 no
                 Constraint
                 upon
                 Free-Will
                 ;
                 but
                 yet
                 either
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 Causes
                 draws
                 it
                 on
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 that
                 Divine
                 Light
                 ,
                 it
                 stumbles
                 of
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Designs
                 are
                 overthrown
                 or
                 executed
                 too
                 late
                 .
                 Princes
                 and
                 Councellors
                 are
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 God
                 Almighty
                 determines
                 the
                 overthrow
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 he
                 blinds
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 neither
                 see
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 nor
                 know
                 their
                 Remedies
                 10
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 they
                 think
                 to
                 succeed
                 most
                 by
                 ,
                 leads
                 them
                 most
                 into
                 Miscarriages
                 :
                 They
                 see
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 but
                 do
                 not
                 prevent
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 in
                 them
                 lies
                 ,
                 forward
                 them
                 .
                 A
                 Dangerous
                 Instance
                 of
                 this
                 Truth
                 we
                 have
                 in
                 the
                 Swiss-Cantons
                 ,
                 ever
                 so
                 prudent
                 and
                 stout
                 in
                 defending
                 their
                 Country
                 and
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 so
                 negligent
                 and
                 supine
                 ,
                 that
                 themselves
                 are
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 Ruine
                 that
                 threatens
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 First
                 Author
                 of
                 Monarchies
                 had
                 situated
                 their
                 Republick
                 between
                 the
                 Outworks
                 of
                 the
                 Alpes
                 and
                 the
                 Rhine
                 ,
                 and
                 environ'd
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Countries
                 of
                 
                   Alsace
                   ,
                   Lorrain
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Princes
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 farthest
                 from
                 the
                 Fire
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Fruition
                 of
                 a
                 happy
                 and
                 desired
                 Peace
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 themselves
                 called
                 and
                 encouraged
                 One
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 Borders
                 ,
                 standing
                 by
                 and
                 seeing
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 those
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 redounding
                 afterwards
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Prejudice
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 considering
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 a
                 neighbouring
                 Power
                 ,
                 superiour
                 in
                 Strength
                 ,
                 and
                 whose
                 Fortune
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 raised
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Ashes
                 .
                 May
                 I
                 be
                 deceived
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 I
                 fear
                 this
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Switzers
                 is
                 already
                 at
                 its
                 full
                 growth
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 begin
                 to
                 decay
                 ,
                 when
                 those
                 Spirits
                 and
                 Forces
                 are
                 spent
                 which
                 supported
                 its
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 .
                 Empires
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 have
                 their
                 Periods
                 :
                 That
                 which
                 has
                 endured
                 longest
                 ,
                 is
                 nearest
                 its
                 Ruine
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXXVIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 WHat
                 strange
                 Force
                 has
                 the
                 Loadstone
                 ,
                 to
                 produce
                 such
                 Wonderful
                 Effects
                 ?
                 What
                 so
                 Amorous
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 the
                 Polar
                 Star
                 ,
                 that
                 although
                 because
                 of
                 its
                 Weight
                 it
                 cannot
                 always
                 gaze
                 on
                 its
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Needles
                 it
                 touches
                 should
                 ?
                 What
                 
                 Resemblance
                 can
                 there
                 be
                 betwixt
                 these
                 two
                 ?
                 What
                 so
                 great
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 lost
                 at
                 so
                 wide
                 and
                 remote
                 Distances
                 ?
                 And
                 why
                 does
                 it
                 encline
                 to
                 that
                 Star
                 or
                 Point
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 ?
                 Were
                 not
                 the
                 Experience
                 common
                 ,
                 Ignorance
                 would
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 impute
                 it
                 to
                 Magick
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 all
                 other
                 Extraordinary
                 Effects
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 cannot
                 penetrate
                 the
                 Obscurity
                 of
                 its
                 Operations
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 Loadstone
                 less
                 admirable
                 in
                 that
                 other
                 Virtue
                 of
                 Attracting
                 and
                 Lifting
                 up
                 Iron
                 ,
                 against
                 its
                 Innate
                 Gravity
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 even
                 this
                 ,
                 carried
                 by
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Natural
                 Tendency
                 to
                 obey
                 that
                 Superior
                 Power
                 ,
                 closes
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 voluntarily
                 ,
                 what
                 ,
                 one
                 would
                 think
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 be
                 violent
                 .
                 How
                 much
                 were
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 wish'd
                 that
                 the
                 Prince
                 would
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 Example
                 ,
                 learn
                 to
                 know
                 that
                 concourse
                 of
                 Causes
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 )
                 sets
                 up
                 or
                 pulls
                 down
                 Empires
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 to
                 carry
                 himself
                 therein
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 encrease
                 their
                 Force
                 by
                 a
                 too
                 obstinate
                 Opposition
                 ,
                 nor
                 by
                 a
                 too
                 easie
                 Yielding
                 to
                 facilitate
                 their
                 Effects
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 with
                 this
                 Series
                 and
                 Connexion
                 of
                 Causes
                 moved
                 by
                 the
                 First
                 Cause
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 a
                 River
                 1
                 ,
                 which
                 while
                 it
                 streams
                 in
                 its
                 ordinary
                 Current
                 ,
                 is
                 easily
                 parted
                 into
                 several
                 Branches
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 by
                 Banks
                 cast
                 up
                 ,
                 turned
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 suffers
                 Bridges
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 over
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 swelled
                 by
                 continual
                 Rains
                 ,
                 or
                 melting
                 Snows
                 ,
                 admits
                 of
                 no
                 Resistance
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 any
                 one
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 does
                 but
                 augment
                 its
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 condition
                 to
                 carry
                 all
                 before
                 it
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 admonishes
                 us
                 not
                 to
                 strive
                 against
                 the
                 Stream
                 2
                 .
                 Patience
                 surmounts
                 that
                 Violence
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 a
                 moment
                 loses
                 both
                 its
                 Power
                 and
                 Being
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 account
                 it
                 was
                 look'd
                 on
                 as
                 an
                 ill
                 Omen
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 Vitellius
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 that
                 Euphrates
                 overflowed
                 ,
                 and
                 bubbled
                 into
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Frothy
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 by
                 those
                 who
                 consider'd
                 how
                 Transitory
                 these
                 were
                 .
                 When
                 therefore
                 many
                 Causes
                 conspiring
                 together
                 ,
                 attend
                 the
                 Victories
                 of
                 a●
                 
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 an
                 happy
                 Way
                 to
                 his
                 Military
                 Expeditions
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 great
                 Prudence
                 to
                 allow
                 them
                 Time
                 to
                 disperse
                 sensibly
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 they
                 lay
                 any
                 necessity
                 upon
                 the
                 Freedom
                 of
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 this
                 Freedom
                 has
                 power
                 only
                 over
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 and
                 Body
                 ,
                 not
                 over
                 those
                 External
                 Things
                 :
                 It
                 may
                 indeed
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 but
                 cannot
                 avoid
                 being
                 overwhelmed
                 by
                 them
                 .
                 Constancy
                 in
                 Expecting
                 ,
                 is
                 infinitely
                 more
                 valuable
                 than
                 Valour
                 in
                 Fighting
                 .
                 This
                 
                   Fabius
                   Maximus
                
                 well
                 knew
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 let
                 that
                 Torrent
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 run
                 by
                 ,
                 till
                 having
                 by
                 long
                 Delays
                 weakened
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 surmounted
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 saved
                 the
                 Roman
                 State.
                 Successes
                 get
                 strength
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Reputation
                 Opinion
                 gives
                 them
                 ,
                 suddenly
                 encrease
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Power
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 grapple
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 render'd
                 Charles
                 V.
                 Fortunate
                 and
                 Glorious
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 Courage
                 and
                 Vigilance
                 ,
                 made
                 the
                 Empire
                 happy
                 .
                 Which
                 eminent
                 Qualities
                 were
                 followed
                 by
                 the
                 general
                 Acclamations
                 and
                 Applause
                 of
                 all
                 Nations
                 .
                 All
                 Men
                 joined
                 with
                 his
                 Fortune
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 Francis
                 I.
                 emulous
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 Splendour
                 ,
                 striving
                 to
                 eclipse
                 it
                 ,
                 lost
                 his
                 own
                 Liberty
                 .
                 What
                 Terrors
                 does
                 Lightning
                 strike
                 us
                 with
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 breaks
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Clouds
                 !
                 Then
                 first
                 exerting
                 its
                 Force
                 when
                 it
                 meets
                 with
                 Resistance
                 ;
                 without
                 that
                 ,
                 vanishing
                 into
                 Air.
                 Such
                 was
                 that
                 Thunderbolt
                 raised
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Exhalations
                 of
                 the
                 North
                 ;
                 within
                 a
                 few
                 Days
                 it
                 triumphed
                 over
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 almost
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 with
                 Terrour
                 :
                 And
                 yet
                 one
                 leaden
                 Bullet
                 piercing
                 it
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 presently
                 disappear
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 nothing
                 so
                 frail
                 and
                 uncertain
                 as
                 the
                 Fame
                 of
                 a
                 Power
                 that
                 stands
                 not
                 upon
                 its
                 own
                 Bottom
                 3
                 .
                 All
                 those
                 Efforts
                 of
                 several
                 Causes
                 concurring
                 ,
                 are
                 very
                 brittle
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 they
                 hinder
                 each
                 other
                 ;
                 and
                 are
                 subject
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 various
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 Time
                 also
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 degrees
                 brings
                 their
                 Effects
                 to
                 Nothing
                 .
                 Many
                 Wars
                 ,
                 
                 hot
                 and
                 impetuous
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 vanish
                 by
                 Delay
                 4
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 can
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 bear
                 up
                 against
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Confederate
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 certainly
                 gets
                 the
                 better
                 of
                 them
                 at
                 last
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 many
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 different
                 Causes
                 ,
                 different
                 Interests
                 and
                 Designs
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 happen
                 to
                 disagree
                 in
                 any
                 one
                 thing
                 ,
                 part
                 and
                 leave
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 never
                 a
                 greater
                 League
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Cambray
                 against
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Resolution
                 and
                 Prudence
                 of
                 this
                 Valiant
                 Senate
                 soon
                 broke
                 it
                 .
                 All
                 things
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 arrive
                 to
                 a
                 certain
                 Period
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 decline
                 again
                 .
                 Were
                 that
                 Critical
                 Minute
                 known
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 easie
                 to
                 overcome
                 them
                 5
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 this
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 which
                 sometimes
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 Delay
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 sink
                 under
                 Accidents
                 .
                 Our
                 Impatience
                 or
                 Ignorance
                 aggravates
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 often
                 ,
                 not
                 sensible
                 of
                 their
                 Force
                 ,
                 we
                 voluntarily
                 submit
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 perhaps
                 promote
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 those
                 very
                 Means
                 we
                 take
                 to
                 shun
                 them
                 .
                 God
                 had
                 undertaken
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 
                   Cosmo
                   de
                   Medicis
                
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 who
                 strove
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 Banishing
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 making
                 him
                 Master
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 
                   Nicholas
                   Vzanus
                
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 greater
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 the
                 Torrent
                 of
                 that
                 Fortune
                 ;
                 and
                 lest
                 it
                 should
                 encrease
                 by
                 Opposition
                 ,
                 thought
                 it
                 most
                 advisable
                 (
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 he
                 lived
                 )
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 no
                 Occasion
                 of
                 Displeasure
                 ;
                 but
                 with
                 his
                 Death
                 the
                 Consideration
                 of
                 such
                 discreet
                 Counsel
                 fell
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 possible
                 for
                 the
                 greater
                 Force
                 of
                 such
                 like
                 Cases
                 to
                 be
                 concealed
                 ;
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 all
                 things
                 conspire
                 to
                 their
                 Success
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 appear
                 ,
                 at
                 first
                 sight
                 ,
                 directly
                 contrary
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 then
                 best
                 to
                 Endure
                 what
                 you
                 cannot
                 Mend
                 ;
                 and
                 quietly
                 to
                 conform
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 Appointment
                 all
                 Things
                 come
                 to
                 pass
                 6
                 .
                 The
                 Iron
                 should
                 not
                 obey
                 the
                 Loadstone
                 more
                 readily
                 ,
                 than
                 we
                 the
                 Divine
                 Pleasure
                 .
                 He
                 
                 comes
                 to
                 less
                 Harm
                 who
                 lets
                 himself
                 be
                 carried
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 Stream
                 ,
                 than
                 he
                 that
                 struggles
                 against
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 foolish
                 Presumption
                 ,
                 to
                 think
                 to
                 overthrow
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 Almighty
                 .
                 The
                 Predictions
                 of
                 the
                 Statue
                 with
                 Feet
                 of
                 Clay
                 ,
                 in
                 
                 Nebuchadnezzar's
                 Dream
                 ,
                 was
                 never
                 the
                 less
                 certain
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 making
                 another
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 commanding
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 worshipped
                 7
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 this
                 Resignation
                 of
                 our
                 Will
                 to
                 the
                 Divine
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 Brutish
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 believe
                 all
                 Things
                 were
                 so
                 Ordain'd
                 from
                 Eternity
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 Improv'd
                 by
                 our
                 Diligence
                 and
                 Conduct
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 very
                 Weakness
                 of
                 Mind
                 which
                 had
                 given
                 occasion
                 to
                 that
                 Divine
                 Decree
                 :
                 We
                 are
                 to
                 Act
                 as
                 if
                 all
                 depended
                 on
                 our
                 Will
                 ,
                 for
                 God
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 our Selves
                 to
                 bring
                 us
                 to
                 Happiness
                 or
                 Misery
                 8
                 .
                 We
                 make
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Creation
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 no
                 small
                 one
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 Things
                 were
                 set
                 in
                 order
                 without
                 us
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 made
                 without
                 us
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 we
                 cannot
                 break
                 that
                 Web
                 of
                 Events
                 wrought
                 on
                 the
                 Loom
                 of
                 Eternity
                 ,
                 but
                 we
                 might
                 very
                 well
                 concurr
                 to
                 the
                 weaving
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 that
                 ranged
                 the
                 Causes
                 foresaw
                 their
                 Effects
                 ,
                 and
                 permitted
                 their
                 Course
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 still
                 at
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 He
                 has
                 saved
                 from
                 Danger
                 whom
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 ;
                 and
                 left
                 others
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 abandoning
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 liberty
                 :
                 If
                 the
                 first
                 was
                 an
                 Effect
                 of
                 his
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 or
                 our
                 Merit
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 of
                 his
                 Justice
                 .
                 Our
                 Will
                 involved
                 in
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 falls
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 this
                 most
                 Wise
                 Contriver
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 is
                 the
                 Supreme
                 and
                 Absolute
                 Arbitrator
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 break
                 his
                 Vessels
                 as
                 he
                 pleased
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 one
                 to
                 Honour
                 ,
                 another
                 to
                 Dishonour
                 9
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Eternal
                 Disposal
                 of
                 Empires
                 ,
                 their
                 Progresses
                 ,
                 Revolutions
                 ,
                 or
                 Ruines
                 ;
                 that
                 Sovereign
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Orbs
                 had
                 always
                 present
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 our
                 Valour
                 and
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 our
                 Negligence
                 ,
                 Impudence
                 ,
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 :
                 And
                 upon
                 this
                 Prescience
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 disposed
                 the
                 Eternal
                 Order
                 of
                 Things
                 ,
                 in
                 conformity
                 to
                 the
                 Motion
                 and
                 Execution
                 of
                 our
                 Choice
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 
                 least
                 Violence
                 done
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 he
                 lays
                 no
                 Constraint
                 upon
                 our
                 Free
                 Will
                 ,
                 who
                 discovers
                 its
                 Operations
                 by
                 Reasoning
                 ;
                 so
                 neither
                 does
                 the
                 Supreme
                 Being
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 his
                 Immense
                 Wisdom
                 foresaw
                 them
                 long
                 ago
                 .
                 He
                 forced
                 not
                 our
                 Will
                 in
                 the
                 Alterations
                 of
                 Empires
                 ;
                 but
                 rather
                 altered
                 Empires
                 ,
                 because
                 our
                 Wills
                 freely
                 and
                 deliberately
                 deviated
                 from
                 Justice
                 .
                 The
                 Cruelty
                 exercised
                 by
                 King
                 Peter
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 
                 Henry's
                 succeeding
                 him
                 ;
                 not
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 this
                 the
                 Occasion
                 of
                 that
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Mind
                 has
                 more
                 Power
                 than
                 any
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 turns
                 its
                 Affairs
                 which
                 way
                 it
                 pleases
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 sole
                 Cause
                 of
                 a
                 Happy
                 or
                 Miserable
                 Life
                 10
                 .
                 To
                 expect
                 Fortune
                 from
                 Chance
                 ,
                 is
                 Heartlesness
                 ;
                 to
                 think
                 it
                 prescribed
                 and
                 already
                 determined
                 ,
                 Desperation
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 rate
                 ,
                 Vertue
                 would
                 be
                 useless
                 ,
                 and
                 Vice
                 excusable
                 by
                 Compulsion
                 .
                 Let
                 your
                 Highness
                 but
                 look
                 upon
                 your
                 Glorious
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 raised
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 this
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 am
                 assured
                 you
                 will
                 see
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 Chance
                 that
                 Crowned
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 Fatigues
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 supported
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Means
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 Descendants
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 an
                 equal
                 Glory
                 is
                 due
                 ;
                 he
                 no
                 less
                 contributing
                 to
                 the
                 Fabrick
                 of
                 his
                 Fortune
                 who
                 maintains
                 it
                 ,
                 than
                 he
                 that
                 at
                 first
                 raised
                 it
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 equally
                 difficult
                 to
                 get
                 ,
                 and
                 easie
                 to
                 lose
                 .
                 One
                 Hour's
                 Imprudence
                 ruines
                 what
                 cost
                 many
                 Years
                 to
                 acquire
                 .
                 By
                 Labour
                 and
                 Vigilance
                 alone
                 is
                 procured
                 God's
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 Princes
                 is
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 Eternity
                 11
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 LXXXIX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 smallest
                 things
                 encrease
                 by
                 Concord
                 ;
                 by
                 Discord
                 the
                 greatest
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 .
                 Those
                 which
                 being
                 divided
                 ,
                 were
                 weak
                 and
                 impotent
                 ;
                 when
                 united
                 ,
                 resist
                 any
                 Force
                 whatever
                 1
                 .
                 What
                 Arm
                 can
                 pull
                 off
                 a
                 Horse's
                 Main
                 when
                 the
                 Hairs
                 are
                 not
                 parted
                 ,
                 or
                 break
                 a
                 Bundle
                 of
                 Arrows
                 ?
                 And
                 yet
                 either
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 of
                 it self
                 ,
                 is
                 unable
                 to
                 withstand
                 the
                 least
                 Violence
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 Emblems
                 ,
                 Sertorius
                 ,
                 and
                 Scilurus
                 the
                 Scythian
                 ,
                 express'd
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 Concord
                 ,
                 which
                 of
                 many
                 distinct
                 Parts
                 makes
                 one
                 united
                 and
                 consequently
                 strong
                 Body
                 .
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Repose
                 has
                 raised
                 the
                 
                 Walls
                 of
                 Cities
                 so
                 much
                 above
                 the
                 reach
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 scale
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 however
                 ,
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 once
                 closing
                 their
                 Shields
                 ,
                 and
                 mutually
                 joining
                 and
                 agreeing
                 to
                 lift
                 one
                 another
                 up
                 ,
                 have
                 got
                 above
                 their
                 Battlements
                 ,
                 and
                 stormed
                 them
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Works
                 of
                 Nature
                 are
                 preserved
                 by
                 Amity
                 and
                 Concord
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 this
                 fails
                 ,
                 they
                 decay
                 and
                 die
                 :
                 The
                 cause
                 of
                 Death
                 being
                 no
                 other
                 than
                 a
                 Discord
                 of
                 the
                 Part
                 ,
                 whereon
                 Life
                 depends
                 .
                 The
                 very
                 same
                 happens
                 in
                 Commonwealths
                 ;
                 as
                 common
                 Consent
                 made
                 them
                 a
                 Society
                 ,
                 so
                 a
                 Dissention
                 between
                 the
                 greatest
                 or
                 most
                 powerful
                 part
                 dissolves
                 again
                 and
                 dissociates
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 new
                 models
                 them
                 .
                 That
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 Concord
                 was
                 but
                 one
                 ,
                 without
                 it
                 becomes
                 two
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 that
                 Body
                 of
                 Love
                 whereby
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 made
                 one
                 Body
                 .
                 This
                 Division
                 engenders
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 whence
                 Revenge
                 arises
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 that
                 a
                 disrespect
                 of
                 Laws
                 ;
                 without
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 Justice
                 loses
                 its
                 force
                 ;
                 and
                 where
                 that
                 fails
                 ,
                 Arms
                 are
                 taken
                 up
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 Civil
                 War
                 breaking
                 out
                 ,
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 which
                 wholly
                 consists
                 in
                 Unity
                 ,
                 is
                 confounded
                 2
                 .
                 The
                 Bees
                 no
                 sooner
                 fall
                 out
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Commonwealth
                 is
                 destroyed
                 .
                 The
                 Ancients
                 ,
                 to
                 represent
                 Discord
                 ,
                 painted
                 a
                 
                   Woman
                   tearing
                   her
                   Cloaths
                
                 .
              
               
                 Et
                 scissâ
                 gaudens
                 vadit
                 discordia
                 pallâ
                 .
                 *
              
               
                 Now
                 if
                 it
                 has
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 between
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 how
                 will
                 they
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 unite
                 for
                 their
                 Common
                 Defence
                 and
                 Interest
                 ?
                 How
                 will
                 they
                 have
                 God
                 on
                 their
                 side
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 Peace
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Lover
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 as
                 Iob
                 says
                 )
                 with
                 it
                 he
                 maintains
                 his
                 Heavenly
                 Monarchy
                 3
                 .
                 Plato
                 used
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Nothing
                   was
                   so
                   pernicious
                   to
                   Commonwealths
                   as
                   Division
                   .
                
                 Concord
                 is
                 the
                 Ornament
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 its
                 Walls
                 and
                 Guard
                 ;
                 even
                 Malice
                 it self
                 cannot
                 stand
                 long
                 without
                 it
                 .
                 Domestick
                 Dissentions
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 Victories
                 for
                 the
                 Enemy
                 4
                 ;
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 
                 
                   Britains
                   ,
                   Galgacus
                
                 said
                 ,
                 were
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 5
                 .
                 But
                 notwithstanding
                 these
                 and
                 other
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 some
                 Politicians
                 assert
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 necessary
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 a
                 State
                 ,
                 to
                 sow
                 Discords
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 alledges
                 ,
                 for
                 an
                 Example
                 ,
                 the
                 Bees
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 Hives
                 is
                 always
                 heard
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Murmurring
                 and
                 Dissention
                 .
                 But
                 ,
                 alas
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 strengthning
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 rather
                 overthrows
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 Humming
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 Dissonance
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 of
                 Wills
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Harmony
                 of
                 Voices
                 ,
                 whereby
                 these
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 encourage
                 and
                 stir
                 up
                 each
                 other
                 to
                 the
                 Labours
                 of
                 making
                 Honey
                 ,
                 as
                 Mariners
                 do
                 when
                 they
                 Hoise
                 Sail.
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 Argument
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 contrariety
                 of
                 the
                 four
                 Humours
                 in
                 living
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 of
                 any
                 force
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 rather
                 from
                 this
                 Conflict
                 of
                 theirs
                 that
                 proceed
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 and
                 Shortness
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 Prdominant
                 at
                 last
                 getting
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 Hence
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 because
                 without
                 that
                 contrariety
                 ,
                 endure
                 longer
                 .
                 What
                 differs
                 from
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 at
                 variance
                 with
                 it self
                 ,
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 suffer
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 suffers
                 ,
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 lasting
                 .
                 Who
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Republick
                 is
                 divided
                 ,
                 can
                 keep
                 the
                 Flame
                 of
                 Dissentions
                 within
                 certain
                 Bounds
                 ?
                 Who
                 will
                 afterwards
                 quench
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 All
                 are
                 involved
                 in
                 them
                 ?
                 The
                 more
                 Powerful
                 Faction
                 will
                 now
                 oppress
                 the
                 Weaker
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 to
                 Defend
                 ,
                 this
                 to
                 Revenge
                 it self
                 ,
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 enslave
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 introduce
                 a
                 new
                 Form
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 almost
                 always
                 be
                 Tyrannical
                 ,
                 as
                 several
                 Instances
                 witness
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Duty
                 to
                 distract
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 loving
                 and
                 amicable
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 they
                 should
                 conspire
                 to
                 love
                 and
                 obey
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 divided
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 consider
                 not
                 whence
                 their
                 Evil
                 comes
                 .
                 As
                 often
                 therefore
                 as
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 Discord
                 ,
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 abominably
                 6
                 detests
                 it
                 )
                 permits
                 
                 those
                 very
                 Means
                 he
                 thought
                 to
                 preserve
                 himself
                 by
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 his
                 Ruine
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Parties
                 come
                 to
                 know
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 despise
                 and
                 abhorr
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 first
                 Author
                 and
                 Promoter
                 of
                 their
                 Differences
                 .
                 King
                 Italus
                 gained
                 the
                 Affection
                 and
                 Applause
                 of
                 the
                 Germans
                 ,
                 by
                 never
                 fomenting
                 Dissentions
                 ,
                 and
                 carrying
                 himself
                 alike
                 to
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 these
                 then
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 beware
                 of
                 letting
                 Discords
                 take
                 root
                 ;
                 and
                 rather
                 strive
                 to
                 encourage
                 the
                 Union
                 of
                 his
                 State
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 easily
                 be
                 maintained
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 look
                 carefully
                 to
                 the
                 Observance
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 the
                 Unity
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Corn
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 equal
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Favours
                 and
                 Gratuities
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Maintaining
                 of
                 Privileges
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 be
                 employed
                 in
                 Mechanick
                 Arts
                 ,
                 the
                 Nobility
                 in
                 Publick
                 Government
                 ,
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 Literature
                 ,
                 to
                 prohibit
                 Cabals
                 ,
                 and
                 Clandestine
                 Meetings
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Great
                 Ones
                 Frugal
                 and
                 Modest
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inferiours
                 Peaceable
                 ,
                 to
                 restrain
                 Privileged
                 Persons
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 who
                 pretend
                 to
                 be
                 exempt
                 from
                 Duties
                 ;
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 see
                 that
                 Riches
                 be
                 reduced
                 to
                 a
                 Mediocrity
                 ,
                 and
                 Poverty
                 remedied
                 .
                 For
                 from
                 the
                 Reformation
                 and
                 Regulating
                 these
                 ,
                 results
                 good
                 Government
                 ;
                 and
                 where
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 there
                 Peace
                 and
                 Concord
                 ever
                 flourish
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 Case
                 wherein
                 it
                 seems
                 convenient
                 and
                 warrantable
                 to
                 kindle
                 Discords
                 in
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 already
                 troubled
                 with
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 and
                 Intestine
                 Broils
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 to
                 distract
                 them
                 into
                 Factions
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 means
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Bad
                 ,
                 the
                 only
                 end
                 in
                 that
                 being
                 to
                 render
                 Peace
                 to
                 the
                 Good.
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Self-Preservation
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 let
                 Disturbers
                 be
                 at
                 quiet
                 ;
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 the
                 Concord
                 of
                 Ill
                 Men
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 Prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Good
                 ;
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 wish'd
                 that
                 these
                 may
                 live
                 Peaceably
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 those
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 Discord
                 :
                 For
                 Good
                 Men
                 always
                 come
                 by
                 the
                 worst
                 ,
                 when
                 Bad
                 Men
                 are
                 united
                 7
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Discord
                 we
                 condemn
                 as
                 pernicious
                 to
                 Common-wealths
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 arises
                 from
                 Hatred
                 and
                 Enmity
                 ;
                 not
                 that
                 Contention
                 which
                 has
                 place
                 between
                 several
                 Conditions
                 and
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 as
                 between
                 the
                 Lords
                 and
                 Commons
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 and
                 Tradesmen
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 Contrariety
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 very
                 diversity
                 of
                 Natures
                 and
                 Ends
                 ,
                 keeps
                 up
                 a
                 Distinction
                 in
                 the
                 Degrees
                 and
                 Spheres
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 supports
                 it
                 ;
                 nor
                 are
                 there
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 States
                 combine
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 every
                 private
                 Person
                 's
                 the
                 Common
                 Interest
                 :
                 just
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 commixtion
                 of
                 the
                 Elements
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 meeting
                 of
                 Rivers
                 and
                 Streams
                 ,
                 proceed
                 Storms
                 and
                 Inundations
                 .
                 It
                 concerns
                 the
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 to
                 employ
                 all
                 his
                 Care
                 upon
                 this
                 Division
                 ;
                 so
                 moderating
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 shall
                 neither
                 come
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 to
                 absolute
                 Rupture
                 ,
                 nor
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 unlawful
                 Combinations
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 should
                 be
                 done
                 between
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 kind
                 of
                 Emulation
                 and
                 Diffidence
                 one
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 may
                 make
                 them
                 more
                 attentive
                 of
                 their
                 Duty
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 once
                 ,
                 through
                 a
                 neglect
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 Dissemble
                 ,
                 and
                 conceal
                 one
                 another's
                 Faults
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 one
                 consent
                 join
                 the
                 pursuit
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Interests
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 possibility
                 of
                 a
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 none
                 can
                 be
                 apply'd
                 but
                 by
                 their
                 Hands
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 this
                 Honest
                 and
                 Generous
                 Emulation
                 should
                 degenerate
                 into
                 Aversion
                 and
                 Enmity
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 create
                 the
                 same
                 Inconveniencies
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 will
                 then
                 be
                 more
                 intent
                 on
                 contradicting
                 and
                 thwarting
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 more
                 solicitous
                 to
                 overthrow
                 each
                 others
                 Counsels
                 and
                 Actions
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 promote
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Prince's
                 Service
                 .
                 Every
                 one
                 has
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Common
                 sort
                 of
                 People
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 be
                 ●ead
                 into
                 Factions
                 ,
                 whence
                 generally
                 arise
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Dissentions
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 Drusus
                 and
                 
                 Germanicus
                 ●oined
                 themselves
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Flame
                 of
                 the
                 Differences
                 ●indled
                 in
                 
                 Tiberius's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 encreased
                 by
                 the
                 ●last
                 of
                 their
                 Favour
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 is
                 apparent
                 how
                 ●●roneous
                 the
                 Judgment
                 of
                 Lycurgus
                 was
                 ,
                 who
                 sowed
                 
                 Dissentions
                 among
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Lacedaemon
                 ,
                 and
                 ordained
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 Embassadors
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 afar
                 off
                 ,
                 such
                 Persons
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 ,
                 as
                 had
                 some
                 grudge
                 to
                 each
                 other
                 .
                 We
                 have
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 Examples
                 in
                 this
                 Age
                 of
                 Publick
                 Losses
                 ,
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 clashing
                 of
                 Ministers
                 joined
                 in
                 one
                 Commission
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 Supposition
                 that
                 this
                 very
                 Emulation
                 would
                 incite
                 them
                 to
                 execute
                 it
                 carefully
                 .
                 The
                 Prince's
                 Service
                 is
                 One
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 be
                 perform'd
                 but
                 by
                 Persons
                 Unanimous
                 :
                 Whence
                 Tacitus
                 commends
                 Agricola
                 ,
                 for
                 one
                 who
                 was
                 far
                 from
                 envying
                 his
                 Colleagues
                 8
                 .
                 And
                 certainly
                 it
                 is
                 less
                 dangerous
                 for
                 an
                 Affair
                 to
                 be
                 managed
                 by
                 one
                 Bad
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 two
                 Good
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 don't
                 agree
                 ,
                 which
                 rarely
                 happens
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Nobility
                 is
                 the
                 Prince's
                 greatest
                 Security
                 ,
                 or
                 greatest
                 Hazard
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 Powerful
                 Body
                 ,
                 that
                 draws
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 after
                 it
                 .
                 Spain
                 and
                 France
                 furnish
                 us
                 with
                 many
                 Bloody
                 Instances
                 of
                 this
                 Truth
                 ;
                 that
                 in
                 former
                 Ages
                 ,
                 this
                 in
                 all
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 Remedies
                 are
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 Emulation
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 divided
                 from
                 the
                 Commons
                 and
                 themselves
                 ,
                 yet
                 with
                 the
                 Moderation
                 above-mention'd
                 .
                 To
                 multiply
                 and
                 level
                 the
                 Titles
                 and
                 Dignities
                 of
                 the
                 Nobles
                 ;
                 to
                 spend
                 their
                 Estates
                 upon
                 Publick
                 Ostentations
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Great
                 Souls
                 in
                 the
                 Toils
                 and
                 Dangers
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 to
                 divert
                 their
                 Thoughts
                 by
                 Employments
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 humble
                 their
                 Exalted
                 Spirits
                 by
                 the
                 servile
                 Offices
                 of
                 the
                 Court.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XC
                 .
                 
              
               
                 KINGS
                 ,
                 in
                 Holy
                 Scripture
                 ,
                 are
                 compared
                 to
                 Rivers
                 ;
                 for
                 so
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Habakkuk
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 God
                 would
                 cleave
                 the
                 Rivers
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 1
                 ;
                 meaning
                 ,
                 that
                 God
                 would
                 divide
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 his
                 People
                 :
                 As
                 David
                 actually
                 found
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Defeat
                 of
                 the
                 Philistines
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 openly
                 confessed
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Lord
                 had
                 divided
                 his
                 Enemies
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 Waters
                 are
                 divided
                 2
                 .
                 Division
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 effectual
                 means
                 
                 to
                 pull
                 down
                 any
                 Power
                 ;
                 the
                 very
                 greatest
                 ,
                 if
                 divided
                 ,
                 being
                 uncapable
                 of
                 making
                 any
                 further
                 Resistance
                 .
                 How
                 impetuously
                 does
                 a
                 River
                 stream
                 down
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 its
                 Channel
                 ,
                 breaking
                 through
                 its
                 very
                 Banks
                 to
                 open
                 it self
                 new
                 Passages
                 ;
                 yet
                 if
                 parted
                 into
                 several
                 Rivulets
                 ,
                 it
                 loses
                 its
                 strength
                 ,
                 and
                 becomes
                 passable
                 to
                 all
                 .
                 Thus
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Gyndes
                 ,
                 where
                 a
                 beloved
                 Horse
                 of
                 
                 Cyrus's
                 having
                 been
                 drowned
                 ,
                 it
                 so
                 enraged
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 immediately
                 commanded
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 into
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 sixty
                 Canals
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 it
                 lost
                 both
                 its
                 Name
                 and
                 Greatness
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 before
                 would
                 scarce
                 bear
                 Bridges
                 ,
                 might
                 afterwards
                 be
                 easily
                 forded
                 .
                 This
                 the
                 Counsel
                 had
                 regard
                 to
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 gave
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 ,
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 River
                 Tiber
                 ,
                 by
                 turning
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 Lakes
                 and
                 Brooks
                 that
                 discharged
                 themselves
                 into
                 it
                 3
                 ,
                 to
                 rid
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 continual
                 Fear
                 and
                 Danger
                 of
                 its
                 Inundations
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Senate
                 refused
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 unwilling
                 to
                 deprive
                 the
                 Tiber
                 of
                 its
                 Glory
                 4
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 things
                 have
                 given
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 ●mblem
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 by
                 a
                 River
                 parted
                 into
                 several
                 Branches
                 )
                 shews
                 of
                 what
                 consequence
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 distract
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Puissant
                 Princes
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 greater
                 the
                 Power
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 Forces
                 and
                 Expence
                 its
                 Defence
                 requires
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 hardly
                 possible
                 to
                 find
                 Officers
                 and
                 Soldiers
                 enough
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 prevent
                 all
                 Mischances
                 .
                 Courage
                 and
                 Prudence
                 are
                 confounded
                 ,
                 when
                 Dangers
                 threaten
                 thus
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 secure
                 and
                 the
                 cheapest
                 Method
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 taken
                 ;
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 sounding
                 an
                 Alarm
                 in
                 several
                 Parts
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 has
                 abundantly
                 greater
                 Effects
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 War
                 solemnly
                 denounced
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 always
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 securest
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 divide
                 Enemies
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 sow
                 seeds
                 of
                 Dissention
                 within
                 their
                 States
                 5
                 :
                 Nothing
                 so
                 much
                 exposing
                 to
                 Plots
                 and
                 
                 Invasions
                 ,
                 as
                 Discord
                 and
                 Sedition
                 6
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 Artifices
                 the
                 Phoenicians
                 established
                 their
                 Dominion
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 dividing
                 it
                 into
                 various
                 Factions
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 did
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 Therefore
                 the
                 Counsel
                 of
                 the
                 Marquess
                 of
                 Cadiz
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 imprudent
                 ,
                 when
                 having
                 taken
                 Boabdili
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Grenada
                 ,
                 he
                 moved
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 to
                 set
                 him
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Presence
                 might
                 foment
                 the
                 Factions
                 a
                 foot
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 distracted
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Parties
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 ,
                 says
                 Tacitus
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 decline
                 ,
                 and
                 hasten
                 to
                 decay
                 ,
                 nothing
                 greater
                 could
                 be
                 desired
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Discord
                 of
                 its
                 Enemies
                 7
                 .
                 No
                 Money
                 is
                 laid
                 out
                 to
                 more
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 none
                 with
                 less
                 Bloodshed
                 or
                 Danger
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 employed
                 in
                 encouraging
                 the
                 Dissentions
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy's
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 getting
                 another
                 Prince
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Charges
                 and
                 Damage
                 become
                 hereby
                 much
                 more
                 inconsiderable
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 matter
                 demandeth
                 extraordinary
                 Advertency
                 ;
                 for
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 mis-grounded
                 Apprehension
                 ,
                 Money
                 is
                 expended
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 the
                 ill
                 Intention
                 begets
                 open
                 Hostility
                 :
                 A
                 thing
                 we
                 have
                 many
                 Instances
                 of
                 ,
                 in
                 those
                 who
                 without
                 any
                 Provocation
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 least
                 Prospect
                 of
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 have
                 countenanced
                 the
                 Adversaries
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 its
                 Hands
                 full
                 ,
                 by
                 continual
                 Wars
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 unprofitably
                 exhausting
                 their
                 Treasuries
                 ,
                 without
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 once
                 be
                 attack'd
                 by
                 those
                 of
                 this
                 House
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 much
                 better
                 to
                 have
                 still
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 Defence
                 ,
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 laid
                 out
                 upon
                 the
                 Diversion
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 whole
                 Doctrine
                 has
                 place
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 scruple
                 in
                 Policy
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 open
                 War
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Reason
                 of
                 Self-Preservation
                 is
                 more
                 cogent
                 ,
                 than
                 other
                 Considerations
                 less
                 solid
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Cause
                 that
                 makes
                 the
                 
                 War
                 lawful
                 ,
                 justifies
                 also
                 this
                 Discord
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 case
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 an
                 invidious
                 Emulation
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 these
                 Artifices
                 are
                 not
                 warrantable
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 stirs
                 up
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 another
                 Prince
                 to
                 Rebellion
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 teaches
                 his
                 own
                 to
                 be
                 Traitors
                 .
                 The
                 Emulation
                 should
                 be
                 between
                 the
                 Persons
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 Offices
                 :
                 Dignity
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 in
                 all
                 its
                 parts
                 ;
                 that
                 which
                 wounds
                 one
                 ,
                 wounds
                 all
                 .
                 Passions
                 and
                 Hatreds
                 are
                 transient
                 ,
                 but
                 Bad
                 Examples
                 remain
                 for
                 ever
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 Interest
                 and
                 Concern
                 of
                 every
                 Prince
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 another
                 to
                 be
                 injured
                 by
                 Contempt
                 or
                 Disobedience
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 Person
                 by
                 Treason
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 an
                 Action
                 unworthy
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 conquer
                 by
                 Poison
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 It
                 was
                 ever
                 accounted
                 base
                 ,
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 8
                 ;
                 and
                 is
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 with
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 such
                 secret
                 Practices
                 against
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 often
                 been
                 assisting
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 A
                 remarkable
                 Example
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 our
                 Catholick
                 King
                 left
                 your
                 Highness
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 sent
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 aid
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 against
                 the
                 English
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Isle
                 of
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 not
                 regarding
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                 Roan's
                 Advice
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 ,
                 to
                 divide
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 into
                 several
                 Governments
                 .
                 And
                 another
                 time
                 ,
                 when
                 His
                 Majesty
                 offered
                 ,
                 by
                 Monsieur
                 
                   de
                   Maximi
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Pope's
                 Nuncio
                 ,
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 in
                 Person
                 to
                 subdue
                 the
                 Hugonots
                 of
                 Montauban
                 ,
                 and
                 drive
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 Which
                 Signal
                 and
                 Heroick
                 Kindness
                 had
                 no
                 other
                 Return
                 but
                 Ingratitude
                 ;
                 leaving
                 a
                 Lesson
                 to
                 Reason
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 let
                 it self
                 be
                 too
                 easily
                 touch'd
                 with
                 Compassion
                 towards
                 a
                 Foreign
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 From
                 what
                 hath
                 been
                 said
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 obvious
                 to
                 deduce
                 how
                 much
                 the
                 Agreement
                 of
                 Subjects
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Union
                 of
                 States
                 ,
                 contribute
                 to
                 their
                 Common
                 Defence
                 :
                 If
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 every
                 particular
                 Person
                 did
                 look
                 on
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 his
                 Neighbour
                 as
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 be
                 it
                 at
                 never
                 so
                 remote
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 endeavour
                 all
                 ways
                 ,
                 
                 both
                 with
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 ,
                 to
                 relieve
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 may
                 be
                 preserved
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 are
                 deceived
                 in
                 this
                 Point
                 ;
                 they
                 who
                 are
                 far
                 off
                 ,
                 flattering
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 Thoughts
                 that
                 the
                 Danger
                 will
                 never
                 reach
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 no
                 way
                 obliged
                 to
                 anticipate
                 such
                 Expences
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 greater
                 Prudence
                 to
                 keep
                 their
                 Forces
                 entire
                 till
                 the
                 Enemy
                 come
                 nigher
                 .
                 But
                 alas
                 !
                 then
                 all
                 the
                 Difficulties
                 being
                 surmounted
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 States
                 taken
                 ,
                 which
                 served
                 them
                 for
                 Out-works
                 the
                 rest
                 will
                 never
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 Fate
                 of
                 the
                 Britains
                 :
                 of
                 whom
                 ,
                 thus
                 
                   Tacitus
                   ;
                   Heretofore
                   they
                   were
                   under
                   Kings
                   ,
                   now
                   are
                   by
                   petty
                   Princes
                   distracted
                   into
                   Factions
                   ;
                   nor
                   does
                   any
                   thing
                   further
                   our
                   Designs
                   against
                   the
                   strongest
                   Nations
                   ,
                   than
                   their
                   not
                   consulting
                   the
                   Common
                   Good.
                   Seldom
                   above
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Cities
                   associate
                   to
                   repell
                   the
                   Common
                   Danger
                   :
                   Thus
                   while
                   every
                   one
                   fights
                   single
                   ,
                   all
                   are
                   overcome
                
                 9
                 .
                 The
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 Provinces
                 of
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Burgundy
                
                 and
                 Flanders
                 are
                 sensible
                 of
                 this
                 Danger
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 greater
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 a
                 more
                 eminent
                 and
                 exemplary
                 Piety
                 ,
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Affection
                 towards
                 their
                 Lawful
                 Lord
                 ;
                 in
                 that
                 with
                 a
                 generous
                 Emulation
                 they
                 voluntarily
                 offer
                 His
                 Majesty
                 their
                 Lives
                 and
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 to
                 protect
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 joint-Forces
                 conspire
                 the
                 Overthrow
                 of
                 the
                 Catholick
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Monarchy
                 .
                 Let
                 Your
                 Highness
                 ingrave
                 these
                 Services
                 on
                 your
                 tender
                 Breast
                 ;
                 and
                 let
                 the
                 Gratitude
                 and
                 Esteem
                 due
                 to
                 Subjects
                 so
                 Loyal
                 ,
                 encrease
                 with
                 your
                 Glorious
                 Years
                 :
                 
                   
                     Then
                     you
                     will
                     judge
                     which
                     is
                     most
                     excellent
                     ,
                  
                   
                     To
                     Rule
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     or
                     such
                     a
                     Government
                     .
                     *
                  
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XCI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 FRiendship
                 seems
                 to
                 restrain
                 a
                 Government
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 more
                 considered
                 by
                 Law-Givers
                 ,
                 than
                 Iustice.
                 For
                 if
                 all
                 Men
                 were
                 Friends
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 Justice
                 ;
                 but
                 though
                 all
                 were
                 Just
                 ,
                 yet
                 would
                 they
                 want
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 Friendship
                 1
                 .
                 Friendship
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 good
                 Mankind
                 enjoys
                 ;
                 a
                 sure
                 Sword
                 always
                 by
                 one's
                 side
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ;
                 a
                 faithful
                 Companion
                 in
                 both
                 Fortunes
                 .
                 
                 With
                 this
                 ,
                 Prosperity
                 is
                 crown'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Adversity
                 becomes
                 more
                 easie
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 neither
                 is
                 diminished
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 or
                 encreased
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 In
                 one
                 it
                 is
                 guided
                 by
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 by
                 Constancy
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 always
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 by
                 both
                 it
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 gain
                 .
                 Consanguinity
                 may
                 be
                 without
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Affection
                 ,
                 Friendship
                 cannot
                 .
                 This
                 comes
                 from
                 our
                 own
                 Choice
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 Chance
                 .
                 That
                 may
                 be
                 without
                 the
                 Bond
                 of
                 Communication
                 and
                 Mutual
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 this
                 cannot
                 ;
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 three
                 things
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 constituent
                 parts
                 of
                 its
                 Being
                 unite
                 it
                 ;
                 Nature
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 Resemblance
                 ;
                 the
                 Will
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 of
                 Good
                 Humour
                 ;
                 and
                 Reason
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 of
                 Honour
                 .
                 Hereunto
                 ,
                 certainly
                 ,
                 King
                 
                   Alphonsus
                   the
                   Wise
                
                 alludes
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 accuseth
                 a
                 certain
                 Person
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 for
                 carrying
                 away
                 Prisoner
                 one
                 of
                 two
                 Persons
                 who
                 were
                 endeared
                 to
                 each
                 other
                 by
                 Consanguinity
                 and
                 Friendship
                 2
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 more
                 tried
                 therefore
                 and
                 sincere
                 the
                 Friendship
                 has
                 been
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 less
                 valuable
                 will
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 when
                 once
                 violated
                 .
                 A
                 Crystal
                 crackt
                 ,
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 .
                 The
                 Diamond
                 loses
                 all
                 its
                 Worth
                 ,
                 when
                 divided
                 into
                 Pieces
                 .
                 A
                 Sword
                 once
                 broken
                 ,
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 solder'd
                 again
                 .
                 Whoever
                 trusts
                 to
                 reconciled
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 will
                 find
                 himself
                 deceived
                 ;
                 for
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Blow
                 of
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 or
                 Prospect
                 of
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 presently
                 relapse
                 again
                 .
                 Neither
                 
                 David's
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 in
                 sparing
                 
                 Saul's
                 Life
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Acknowledgments
                 and
                 fair
                 Protestations
                 of
                 Saul
                 ,
                 confirmed
                 by
                 Oath
                 ,
                 were
                 sufficient
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 first
                 think
                 himself
                 e'er
                 the
                 safer
                 for
                 this
                 Reconcilement
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 last
                 to
                 cease
                 Plotting
                 against
                 him
                 3
                 .
                 Esau
                 ,
                 with
                 Embraces
                 ,
                 and
                 Tears
                 in
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 tried
                 to
                 regain
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 Iacob
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 there
                 passed
                 great
                 Signs
                 and
                 Expressions
                 of
                 Friendship
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 yet
                 could
                 they
                 never
                 take
                 away
                 
                 Iacob's
                 Distrust
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 endeavoured
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 be
                 severed
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 secure
                 himself
                 *
                 .
                 Renewed
                 Friendship
                 
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 vessel
                 of
                 Metal
                 ,
                 which
                 to
                 day
                 shines
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 morrow
                 is
                 covered
                 with
                 Rust
                 4
                 .
                 Nor
                 are
                 all
                 the
                 good
                 offices
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 capable
                 of
                 making
                 it
                 firm
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 remembrance
                 of
                 Injuries
                 is
                 never
                 quite
                 erased
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Mind
                 .
                 Ervigius
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Usurpation
                 of
                 
                 Wamba's
                 Crown
                 ,
                 marry'd
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Cixilon
                 to
                 Egica
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 near
                 Relation
                 of
                 that
                 King
                 's
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 nominated
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Successor
                 ;
                 but
                 even
                 this
                 could
                 not
                 keep
                 Egica
                 from
                 giving
                 some
                 marks
                 of
                 his
                 Hatred
                 to
                 his
                 Father-in-Law
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 *
                 .
                 The
                 Scars
                 of
                 Wounds
                 made
                 by
                 Injuries
                 on
                 the
                 Mind
                 ,
                 always
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 wrong'd
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 motion
                 bleed
                 afresh
                 .
                 Injuries
                 are
                 like
                 Marshes
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 though
                 dried
                 up
                 ,
                 are
                 easily
                 filled
                 with
                 Water
                 again
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 Shadow
                 always
                 betwixt
                 the
                 Offender
                 and
                 the
                 Offended
                 ,
                 which
                 no
                 Light
                 of
                 Excuse
                 or
                 Satisfaction
                 can
                 dispell
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 Friendship
                 secure
                 on
                 the
                 former's
                 side
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 he
                 never
                 is
                 persuaded
                 the
                 other
                 has
                 really
                 and
                 from
                 his
                 heart
                 forgiven
                 the
                 Injury
                 ,
                 and
                 always
                 looks
                 on
                 him
                 as
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Besides
                 that
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 natural
                 to
                 hate
                 one
                 you
                 have
                 injured
                 5
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 what
                 happens
                 in
                 the
                 Friendship
                 of
                 private
                 Persons
                 ,
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 in
                 those
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 indeed
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 true
                 Friendship
                 to
                 be
                 met
                 with
                 between
                 them
                 )
                 for
                 Self-Interest
                 makes
                 them
                 Friends
                 or
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 the
                 Friendship
                 be
                 broke
                 a
                 thousand
                 times
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 presently
                 renewed
                 again
                 by
                 hopes
                 of
                 Advantage
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 executed
                 ,
                 continues
                 firm
                 and
                 constant
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 in
                 such
                 Friendships
                 as
                 these
                 ,
                 no
                 regard
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 to
                 the
                 Ties
                 of
                 Blood
                 ,
                 or
                 Obligations
                 of
                 Favours
                 received
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 are
                 things
                 disowned
                 by
                 Ambition
                 .
                 Their
                 Duration
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 esteem'd
                 by
                 Utility
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 all
                 Friendships
                 now-a-days
                 are
                 like
                 those
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 Interest
                 ,
                 not
                 Faith
                 ,
                 the
                 Measure
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 ,
                 Friendships
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 more
                 
                 
                   Reason
                   of
                   State
                
                 ,
                 than
                 any
                 Mutual
                 Harmony
                 of
                 Wills
                 ,
                 Aristotle
                 and
                 Cicero
                 would
                 never
                 have
                 so
                 sharply
                 reprimanded
                 Bias
                 ,
                 for
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   We
                   ought
                   to
                   love
                   no
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   than
                   if
                   we
                   were
                   to
                   hate
                   again
                   :
                
                 For
                 a
                 Prince
                 would
                 be
                 deceived
                 in
                 his
                 Confidence
                 ,
                 should
                 he
                 ground
                 it
                 upon
                 such
                 Friendship
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 best
                 then
                 for
                 Princes
                 to
                 be
                 Friends
                 so
                 to
                 day
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 think
                 they
                 may
                 possibly
                 fall
                 out
                 to
                 morrow
                 .
                 But
                 although
                 this
                 Precaution
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 fault
                 with
                 ,
                 yet
                 Interest
                 and
                 Self-ends
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 preferred
                 to
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 ever
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 common
                 for
                 others
                 to
                 do
                 so
                 .
                 Let
                 Friendship
                 fail
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 the
                 Prince
                 we
                 propose
                 to
                 form
                 by
                 these
                 Emblems
                 ,
                 whom
                 we
                 exhort
                 to
                 Constancy
                 in
                 his
                 Actions
                 and
                 Obligations
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 hitherto
                 ,
                 has
                 respect
                 to
                 such
                 Friendships
                 as
                 are
                 betwixt
                 neighbouring
                 Princes
                 ,
                 between
                 whom
                 there
                 is
                 some
                 Emulation
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 ;
                 for
                 among
                 others
                 ,
                 sincere
                 Amity
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 reciprocal
                 Correspondence
                 ,
                 may
                 have
                 place
                 .
                 Power
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 over-careful
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 trust
                 no
                 one
                 .
                 Like
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 be
                 ever
                 in
                 Fear
                 ,
                 who
                 puts
                 no
                 Confidence
                 in
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
                 Without
                 these
                 ,
                 the
                 Crown
                 is
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 not
                 Majesty
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 an
                 unjust
                 Empire
                 ,
                 that
                 deprives
                 Princes
                 of
                 Friendships
                 .
                 Not
                 Armies
                 nor
                 Treasures
                 are
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 but
                 Friends
                 6
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 Golden
                 Scepter
                 that
                 protects
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 abundance
                 of
                 Friends
                 ;
                 those
                 are
                 the
                 truest
                 ,
                 those
                 the
                 securest
                 Scepter
                 7
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 there
                 any
                 greater
                 Instrument
                 of
                 good
                 Government
                 ,
                 than
                 good
                 Friends
                 8
                 .
              
               
                 Friendship
                 between
                 great
                 Princes
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 maintained
                 rather
                 by
                 a
                 good
                 Correspondence
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 Presents
                 ;
                 for
                 Interest
                 is
                 always
                 ungrateful
                 and
                 insatiable
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 Friendships
                 are
                 pretended
                 ,
                 never
                 really
                 contracted
                 ;
                 as
                 Vitellius
                 found
                 ,
                 who
                 thinking
                 to
                 preserve
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Richness
                 of
                 his
                 Presents
                 ,
                 
                 not
                 by
                 his
                 Merit
                 ,
                 deserved
                 rather
                 than
                 had
                 them
                 9
                 .
                 Friends
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 by
                 Iron
                 ,
                 not
                 Gold
                 ;
                 for
                 Fear
                 of
                 Arms
                 creates
                 more
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 Desire
                 of
                 Money
                 .
                 Pecuniary
                 Subsidies
                 enervate
                 the
                 Giver
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 greater
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 lesser
                 time
                 can
                 they
                 be
                 continued
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 fast
                 as
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Coffers
                 empty
                 ,
                 his
                 Reputation
                 diminishes
                 .
                 Princes
                 are
                 esteem'd
                 and
                 lov'd
                 for
                 the
                 Treasures
                 they
                 still
                 have
                 ,
                 not
                 those
                 they
                 have
                 already
                 squandered
                 away
                 ;
                 more
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 for
                 what
                 they
                 can
                 give
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 given
                 :
                 For
                 Hope
                 prevails
                 much
                 more
                 with
                 Men
                 than
                 Gratitude
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 buys
                 Peace
                 ,
                 is
                 unable
                 to
                 uphold
                 it
                 with
                 Arms.
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 Fault
                 which
                 almost
                 all
                 Monarchies
                 fall
                 into
                 ,
                 when
                 arrived
                 to
                 some
                 height
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 they
                 strive
                 to
                 maintain
                 it
                 by
                 Money
                 ,
                 not
                 Arms
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 consuming
                 their
                 Treasures
                 ,
                 and
                 oppressing
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 Contributions
                 for
                 neighbouring
                 Princes
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Circumference
                 quiet
                 ,
                 they
                 weaken
                 the
                 Center
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 that
                 Greatness
                 be
                 supported
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 at
                 the
                 Price
                 of
                 a
                 greater
                 Downfall
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 Weakness
                 being
                 known
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Frontiers
                 once
                 lost
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 without
                 Opposition
                 ,
                 makes
                 way
                 to
                 their
                 Heart
                 .
                 Thus
                 it
                 befell
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 ,
                 when
                 ,
                 after
                 having
                 been
                 at
                 so
                 many
                 useless
                 Expences
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 their
                 Strength
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperors
                 went
                 about
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Parthians
                 and
                 Germans
                 by
                 Presents
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 beginning
                 of
                 their
                 Ruine
                 .
                 Hence
                 Alcibiades
                 advised
                 Tisaphernes
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 liberal
                 of
                 his
                 Succors
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 remember
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 but
                 another's
                 Victory
                 he
                 promoted
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 obliged
                 to
                 abandon
                 it
                 through
                 Want
                 10
                 .
                 This
                 Counsel
                 we
                 may
                 make
                 our
                 Advantage
                 of
                 ,
                 by
                 taking
                 care
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 expended
                 on
                 Favour
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Princes
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 prejudice
                 and
                 weakening
                 of
                 Castile
                 ;
                 which
                 
                 yet
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 quantity
                 of
                 Blood
                 ,
                 to
                 distribute
                 Vital
                 Spirits
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ;
                 as
                 Nature
                 her self
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 Mistress
                 of
                 Politicks
                 ,
                 instructs
                 ,
                 who
                 fortifies
                 with
                 the
                 strongest
                 Fences
                 the
                 interiour
                 Parts
                 ,
                 whereon
                 Life
                 depends
                 .
                 If
                 what
                 Timorousness
                 and
                 Solicitude
                 spends
                 Abroad
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 in
                 Security
                 ,
                 Prudence
                 would
                 lay
                 out
                 at
                 Home
                 in
                 maintaining
                 Forces
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 in
                 Fortifying
                 and
                 Garrisoning
                 Strong
                 Holds
                 ,
                 Forts
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 the
                 remote
                 Provinces
                 would
                 be
                 abundantly
                 more
                 safe
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 should
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 it
                 might
                 easily
                 be
                 recovered
                 by
                 the
                 Forces
                 within
                 .
                 Rome
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 defend
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 to
                 retake
                 all
                 that
                 Hannibal
                 had
                 gotten
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 overthrow
                 Carthage
                 it self
                 ,
                 by
                 keeping
                 all
                 its
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Strength
                 within
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 that
                 I
                 say
                 this
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 persuade
                 Princes
                 always
                 to
                 refuse
                 their
                 Money
                 to
                 their
                 Friends
                 and
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 very
                 careful
                 how
                 they
                 lay
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 rather
                 assist
                 them
                 with
                 Men
                 than
                 Money
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 stays
                 with
                 them
                 that
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 ,
                 whereas
                 those
                 return
                 to
                 him
                 who
                 sent
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 danger
                 of
                 engaging
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 by
                 drawing
                 it
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 States
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 getting
                 their
                 Friend
                 greater
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 Expensive
                 ,
                 and
                 liable
                 to
                 more
                 Inconveniences
                 to
                 aid
                 with
                 Money
                 ,
                 than
                 Arms
                 :
                 For
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 ways
                 State-Interest
                 absolutely
                 requires
                 us
                 to
                 defend
                 a
                 neighbouring
                 Prince
                 ,
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 our
                 Fortune
                 is
                 inseparably
                 joined
                 with
                 his
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 prudenter
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 a
                 War
                 in
                 another's
                 State
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 feed
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Heart
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 .
                 Thus
                 ,
                 of
                 old
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 peculiar
                 way
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 far
                 from
                 Home
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Fortresses
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Fortunes
                 of
                 their
                 Allies
                 11
                 ,
                 not
                 their
                 own
                 Houses
                 .
                 
                 And
                 this
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 learn'd
                 from
                 that
                 Government
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 forced
                 to
                 lament
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 so
                 many
                 Calamities
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 this
                 Policy
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 that
                 has
                 moved
                 the
                 Swiss-Cantons
                 to
                 undertake
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 some
                 People
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 sensible
                 this
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 done
                 without
                 great
                 Charges
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 running
                 the
                 Risque
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Defence
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 thought
                 it
                 more
                 their
                 Interest
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 War
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Territories
                 :
                 The
                 Confines
                 of
                 a
                 neighbouring
                 State
                 are
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 such
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 guarded
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Care
                 imaginable
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XCII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 EVen
                 the
                 Feathers
                 of
                 Birds
                 are
                 in
                 danger
                 ,
                 when
                 too
                 near
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Eagle
                 ;
                 in
                 that
                 these
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 natural
                 Antipathy
                 surviving
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 between
                 the
                 
                 Eagle
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Birds
                 ,
                 corrode
                 and
                 destroy
                 them
                 1
                 .
                 Thus
                 Protection
                 changes
                 into
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 A
                 Superiour
                 Power
                 observes
                 no
                 Laws
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 no
                 Respect
                 .
                 What
                 was
                 committed
                 to
                 its
                 Trust
                 ,
                 it
                 afterwards
                 detains
                 as
                 its
                 own
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 Self-Preservation
                 .
                 Petty
                 Princes
                 think
                 to
                 secure
                 their
                 States
                 by
                 Foreign
                 Aids
                 and
                 utterly
                 ruine
                 them
                 :
                 They
                 fall
                 a
                 Prey
                 both
                 to
                 Friend
                 and
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 the
                 former
                 being
                 no
                 less
                 dangerous
                 from
                 Confidence
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 latter
                 from
                 Hatred
                 .
                 With
                 a
                 Friend
                 we
                 live
                 secure
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 Fear
                 or
                 Precaution
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 easily
                 strike
                 us
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Danger
                 on
                 his
                 side
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 ,
                 was
                 founded
                 that
                 Law
                 ,
                 which
                 commanded
                 ,
                 the
                 Oxe
                 that
                 had
                 gored
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 stoned
                 2
                 ,
                 but
                 says
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 Bull
                 ;
                 because
                 we
                 trust
                 the
                 Oxe
                 more
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 a
                 Domestick
                 Animal
                 we
                 every
                 day
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 .
                 Ambition
                 creeps
                 in
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pretext
                 of
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Protection
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 means
                 ,
                 is
                 easily
                 obtained
                 ,
                 which
                 never
                 could
                 have
                 been
                 by
                 Force
                 .
                 With
                 what
                 specious
                 Names
                 did
                 the
                 Romans
                 mask
                 their
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 received
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 for
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 Allies
                 ?
                 They
                 admitted
                 the
                 Albani
                 into
                 their
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 peopling
                 it
                 with
                 those
                 who
                 before
                 were
                 Enemies
                 :
                 The
                 Sabines
                 they
                 made
                 Free
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 Countries
                 called
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 Aid
                 ,
                 against
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Protectors
                 of
                 their
                 Liberties
                 and
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Universal
                 Arbitrators
                 of
                 Justice
                 .
                 Thus
                 they
                 ,
                 who
                 of
                 themselves
                 could
                 not
                 have
                 〈◊〉
                 one
                 Foot
                 of
                 Ground
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Ignorance
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 extended
                 their
                 Dominions
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 they
                 exacted
                 but
                 moderate
                 Tributes
                 of
                 those
                 Nations
                 ;
                 thus
                 disguising
                 their
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Appearance
                 of
                 Morality
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 that
                 Imperial
                 Eagle
                 had
                 spread
                 its
                 Wings
                 wider
                 ,
                 over
                 the
                 three
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 
                   Europe
                   ,
                   Asia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Africa
                 ,
                 she
                 whet
                 her
                 Beak
                 upon
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 discovered
                 the
                 Claws
                 of
                 her
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 then
                 found
                 their
                 Confidence
                 was
                 miserably
                 deluded
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Feathers
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 under
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Oppression
                 of
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 and
                 Privileges
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 was
                 grown
                 powerful
                 ,
                 could
                 neither
                 recover
                 themselves
                 again
                 ,
                 nor
                 re-establish
                 their
                 Forces
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Venom
                 might
                 turn
                 into
                 Nature
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 invented
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 and
                 introduced
                 the
                 Latin
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 thus
                 to
                 efface
                 the
                 Distinction
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Romans
                 alone
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 that
                 Eagle
                 in
                 
                 Ezekiel's
                 Vision
                 ,
                 with
                 
                   great
                   Wings
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   Feathers
                
                 3
                 ;
                 or
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Septuagint
                 has
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   many
                   Talons
                
                 ,
                 because
                 such
                 were
                 its
                 Feathers
                 .
                 How
                 often
                 do
                 Men
                 think
                 they
                 stand
                 under
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 really
                 under
                 the
                 other
                 ?
                 How
                 often
                 do
                 they
                 think
                 themselves
                 covered
                 with
                 the
                 Lily
                 ,
                 when
                 stuck
                 so
                 fast
                 amidst
                 Thorns
                 and
                 Briars
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can't
                 escape
                 without
                 tearing
                 their
                 Cloaths
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Pisa
                 put
                 their
                 Rights
                 and
                 Pretensions
                 against
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Florence
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 and
                 both
                 agreed
                 to
                 deliver
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Florentines
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 pretence
                 of
                 the
                 Repose
                 of
                 
                   Italy
                   .
                   Lewis
                   Sforza
                
                 employed
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 against
                 his
                 Nephew
                 ,
                 
                   Iohn
                   Galeas
                
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 having
                 divested
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 carried
                 him
                 Prisoner
                 into
                 France
                 .
                 But
                 what
                 need
                 is
                 there
                 to
                 look
                 so
                 far
                 for
                 Examples
                 ?
                 Let
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Mantua
                 〈◊〉
                 how
                 dear
                 another's
                 Protection
                 has
                 cost
                 him
                 ?
                 Let
                 〈◊〉
                 Elector
                 of
                 Treves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grisons
                 ,
                 say
                 whether
                 they
                 have
                 ●●eserved
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 by
                 admitting
                 Foreign
                 Armies
                 into
                 their
                 States
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 and
                 Protection
                 :
                 Let
                 Germany
                 tell
                 us
                 how
                 it
                 finds
                 it self
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Patronage
                 of
                 Sweden
                 ;
                 now
                 the
                 noble
                 Circles
                 of
                 its
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 heretofore
                 the
                 Splendour
                 and
                 Support
                 of
                 the
                 Imperial
                 Diadem
                 ,
                 are
                 divided
                 and
                 broken
                 ;
                 now
                 those
                 sparkling
                 Diamonds
                 ,
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 its
                 ancient
                 
                 Ornament
                 ,
                 are
                 sullied
                 and
                 unset
                 ,
                 the
                 Orders
                 of
                 its
                 States
                 overthrown
                 and
                 confounded
                 ,
                 the
                 Harmony
                 of
                 its
                 Politick
                 Government
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 its
                 ancient
                 Nobility
                 stript
                 and
                 impoverished
                 ;
                 that
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 its
                 Provinces
                 which
                 knew
                 best
                 how
                 to
                 assert
                 its
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 now
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 appearance
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 trampled
                 under
                 foot
                 and
                 laid
                 waste
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 a
                 thousand
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 all
                 living
                 Pictures
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Sweden
                 ;
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 a
                 Slave
                 both
                 to
                 Friends
                 and
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 stupified
                 by
                 its
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 render'd
                 incapable
                 of
                 discerning
                 its
                 Interest
                 or
                 Disadvantage
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 Fate
                 of
                 all
                 People
                 at
                 variance
                 with
                 themselves
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 Princes
                 who
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Forces
                 ;
                 especially
                 if
                 he
                 who
                 sends
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 also
                 pay
                 them
                 .
                 Thus
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 when
                 Philip
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 contriving
                 to
                 ensnare
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 fomented
                 their
                 Contentions
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 fiding
                 with
                 the
                 Weaker
                 ,
                 made
                 both
                 the
                 Victors
                 and
                 Vanquished
                 submit
                 to
                 one
                 Yoke
                 4
                 .
                 Glory
                 ,
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 prompts
                 to
                 the
                 Defence
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 seizes
                 all
                 .
                 Whoever
                 employs
                 his
                 Forces
                 for
                 another
                 ,
                 expects
                 some
                 Amends
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Country
                 always
                 loves
                 the
                 Power
                 that
                 protects
                 it
                 ;
                 the
                 Subjects
                 imagining
                 they
                 shall
                 live
                 more
                 secure
                 and
                 happy
                 under
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 freed
                 from
                 the
                 Fear
                 and
                 Danger
                 of
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 severe
                 Taxes
                 inferiour
                 Princes
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 impose
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 those
                 Grievances
                 they
                 generally
                 suffer
                 at
                 their
                 Hands
                 .
                 The
                 Nobles
                 too
                 ,
                 think
                 it
                 more
                 Honourable
                 to
                 serve
                 a
                 greater
                 Master
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 larger
                 Rewards
                 to
                 give
                 ,
                 and
                 greater
                 Preferments
                 to
                 confer
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 Considerations
                 make
                 way
                 for
                 Tyranny
                 and
                 Usurpation
                 .
                 Auxiliary
                 Troops
                 always
                 obey
                 him
                 who
                 sends
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 whose
                 Pay
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 and
                 treat
                 those
                 Countries
                 they
                 serve
                 in
                 ,
                 as
                 Foreign
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 War
                 is
                 ended
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 begin
                 with
                 the
                 Friend
                 .
                 Therefore
                 
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 hazardous
                 and
                 expensive
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 weaker
                 Prince
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 a
                 Composition
                 ,
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 powerful
                 ,
                 than
                 even
                 to
                 conquer
                 him
                 with
                 Foreign
                 Arms
                 :
                 What
                 cannot
                 be
                 obtained
                 but
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 can
                 much
                 less
                 be
                 preserved
                 without
                 them
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 shall
                 be
                 withdrawn
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Danger
                 of
                 Auxiliary
                 Forces
                 is
                 yet
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 feared
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Prince
                 who
                 sends
                 them
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 different
                 Religion
                 ,
                 or
                 has
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 pretends
                 to
                 some
                 Right
                 to
                 that
                 State
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 of
                 any
                 considerable
                 Advantage
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 possessed
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 opening
                 a
                 Passage
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 or
                 obstructing
                 that
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
                 These
                 Apprehensions
                 should
                 be
                 measured
                 by
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 the
                 Condition
                 and
                 Manners
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 being
                 well
                 examined
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 open
                 and
                 generous
                 ,
                 Publick
                 Faith
                 and
                 Reputation
                 will
                 have
                 more
                 Influence
                 on
                 him
                 ,
                 than
                 Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 Reasons
                 of
                 State
                 ;
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 experienced
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 (
                 represented
                 by
                 that
                 powerful
                 protecting
                 Cherub
                 to
                 which
                 Ezekiel
                 5
                 compares
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 failed
                 in
                 his
                 Duty
                 )
                 of
                 whose
                 Friendship
                 no
                 one
                 can
                 justly
                 complain
                 .
                 
                   Piedmont
                   ,
                   Savoy
                   ,
                   Cologne
                   ,
                   Constance
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Brisac
                 ,
                 all
                 Places
                 defended
                 by
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 restored
                 without
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 a
                 Garrison
                 left
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 are
                 everlasting
                 Witnesses
                 of
                 this
                 Truth
                 .
                 Nor
                 can
                 Genoua
                 deny
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 oppressed
                 by
                 France
                 and
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 it
                 put
                 its
                 Liberty
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 these
                 People
                 most
                 faithfully
                 preserved
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 esteeming
                 more
                 their
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Publick
                 Faith
                 ,
                 than
                 Dominion
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 oblige
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 a
                 Foreigner
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 avoid
                 the
                 Dangers
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 by
                 these
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Cautions
                 :
                 If
                 he
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 the
                 Foreign
                 Forces
                 be
                 not
                 greater
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 ;
                 That
                 his
                 own
                 Officers
                 Command
                 them
                 ;
                 That
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 put
                 in
                 Garrisons
                 ;
                 That
                 they
                 be
                 mixed
                 or
                 divided
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 drawn
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XCIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 OFten
                 has
                 the
                 Tyrrhene
                 Sea
                 felt
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbourhood
                 of
                 Mount
                 Vesuvius
                 :
                 But
                 we
                 learn
                 not
                 always
                 to
                 profit
                 by
                 our
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 being
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 vain
                 confidence
                 ,
                 apt
                 to
                 persuade
                 our selves
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 never
                 happen
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 World
                 had
                 long
                 since
                 been
                 at
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 had
                 it
                 known
                 how
                 to
                 improve
                 by
                 its
                 Experiences
                 :
                 But
                 Time
                 ,
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 effaces
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 did
                 in
                 the
                 Ruines
                 the
                 late
                 Conflagrations
                 had
                 left
                 upon
                 the
                 skirts
                 of
                 that
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 covering
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 prodigious
                 quantity
                 of
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 Years
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 the
                 Plough
                 cultivated
                 ,
                 and
                 reduced
                 again
                 to
                 Soil
                 .
                 The
                 Remembrance
                 of
                 the
                 Losses
                 sustained
                 ,
                 was
                 lost
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 ,
                 no
                 one
                 would
                 retain
                 it
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 yet
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 ever
                 kept
                 Humane
                 Caution
                 upon
                 its
                 Guard.
                 The
                 treacherous
                 Mountain
                 conceal'd
                 under
                 its
                 green
                 Garment
                 the
                 Heat
                 and
                 Drought
                 of
                 its
                 Entrails
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 suspecting
                 no
                 harm
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Alliance
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 embraced
                 it
                 with
                 its
                 Waters
                 ,
                 not
                 regarding
                 the
                 contrariety
                 of
                 those
                 two
                 Natures
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 treacherous
                 Mountain
                 kept
                 its
                 Intention
                 so
                 close
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Smoke
                 gave
                 any
                 sign
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 plotting
                 within
                 .
                 Their
                 Communication
                 encreased
                 by
                 secret
                 ways
                 :
                 Nor
                 co●ld
                 the
                 Sea
                 imagine
                 this
                 pretended
                 Friend
                 was
                 raising
                 Fortifications
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 preparing
                 Mines
                 with
                 divers
                 sulphurous
                 Metals
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 afterwards
                 filled
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 our
                 Age
                 ,
                 was
                 set
                 fire
                 to
                 .
                 There
                 open'd
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 a
                 wide
                 and
                 deep
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 breathing
                 out
                 Flames
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 first
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 P●●mes
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 of
                 Sparks
                 ,
                 or
                 Bonfires
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 hours
                 proved
                 tragical
                 Prodigies
                 .
                 This
                 heavy
                 Body
                 several
                 times
                 shook
                 ;
                 and
                 amidst
                 its
                 dreadful
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 vomited
                 up
                 the
                 liquid
                 Flames
                 of
                 those
                 indigested
                 Matters
                 of
                 melted
                 Metals
                 which
                 boiled
                 in
                 its
                 Stomach
                 :
                 like
                 Torrents
                 of
                 Fire
                 they
                 streamed
                 down
                 it
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Plains
                 adjacent
                 ,
                 burning
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 carrying
                 the
                 Houses
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 run
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 astonish'd
                 at
                 so
                 sudden
                 an
                 Hostility
                 ,
                 retired
                 with
                 its
                 Waters
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Center
                 ,
                 whether
                 out
                 of
                 Fear
                 ,
                 or
                 Policy
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 greater
                 Body
                 of
                 Waves
                 to
                 defend
                 it self
                 withal
                 ;
                 for
                 now
                 the
                 old
                 League
                 was
                 violated
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 obliged
                 to
                 prepare
                 for
                 its
                 Defence
                 .
                 The
                 two
                 Elements
                 engaged
                 not
                 without
                 the
                 trembling
                 of
                 Nature
                 her
                 ●elf
                 ,
                 afraid
                 of
                 seeing
                 this
                 beautiful
                 Fabrick
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 on
                 Fire
                 :
                 The
                 very
                 Waves
                 ,
                 conquered
                 by
                 a
                 superiour
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 burned
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Fish
                 ,
                 swimming
                 in
                 the
                 Flames
                 ,
                 were
                 drowned
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 Solomon
                 1
                 speaks
                 )
                 had
                 power
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 forgetting
                 his
                 own
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Water
                 forgot
                 his
                 own
                 quenching
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
               
                 Such
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 like
                 Alliances
                 of
                 contrary
                 Natures
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 the
                 Catholick
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 enters
                 into
                 a
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 Infidels
                 ,
                 expect
                 less
                 Evils
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 more
                 inveterate
                 Animosities
                 than
                 those
                 which
                 arise
                 from
                 the
                 Difference
                 of
                 Religions
                 ,
                 the
                 present
                 Necessity
                 may
                 indeed
                 dissemble
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 that
                 Time
                 should
                 not
                 discover
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 how
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 imagined
                 that
                 Amity
                 can
                 ever
                 be
                 maintained
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 one
                 cannot
                 trust
                 the
                 other
                 ?
                 when
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 that
                 ?
                 They
                 who
                 differ
                 in
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 differ
                 also
                 in
                 Minds
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 Creatures
                 of
                 that
                 Eternal
                 Artificer
                 ,
                 we
                 cannot
                 suffer
                 any
                 other
                 Adoration
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 him
                 ,
                 than
                 what
                 we
                 judge
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 and
                 Orthodox
                 .
                 And
                 altho'
                 the
                 Friendship
                 of
                 Infidels
                 were
                 never
                 so
                 good
                 ,
                 yet
                 Divine
                 Justice
                 permits
                 us
                 not
                 to
                 obtain
                 our
                 Ends
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 usually
                 chastises
                 us
                 by
                 the
                 very
                 Infidel's
                 Hand
                 that
                 Sign'd
                 the
                 Treaty
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 which
                 
                   Constantine
                   the
                   Great
                
                 translated
                 into
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 was
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 the
                 Alliance
                 of
                 the
                 Palaeologi
                 with
                 the
                 Turk
                 ;
                 God
                 permitting
                 it
                 to
                 remain
                 to
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 for
                 an
                 Example
                 of
                 his
                 Correction
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 any
                 living
                 Memorial
                 of
                 that
                 Family
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Distance
                 of
                 Places
                 ,
                 or
                 Disposition
                 of
                 Things
                 ,
                 the
                 Chastisement
                 cannot
                 be
                 inflicted
                 by
                 those
                 very
                 Infidels
                 ,
                 God
                 uses
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 .
                 What
                 Calamities
                 has
                 not
                 France
                 suffered
                 ,
                 since
                 Francis
                 I.
                 more
                 through
                 Emulation
                 of
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth's
                 Glory
                 ,
                 than
                 forced
                 by
                 any
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Turk
                 ,
                 and
                 called
                 him
                 into
                 Europe
                 ?
                 This
                 Fault
                 he
                 acknowledged
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 moments
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 expressed
                 his
                 utmost
                 Detestation
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 Words
                 ;
                 which
                 piously
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 impute
                 to
                 a
                 Christian
                 Compunction
                 ,
                 though
                 otherwise
                 they
                 seemed
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 extreme
                 Despair
                 .
                 God
                 pursued
                 his
                 Chastisement
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Successors
                 ,
                 by
                 taking
                 them
                 off
                 with
                 violent
                 and
                 unhappy
                 Deaths
                 .
                 Now
                 if
                 this
                 Just
                 Judge
                 be
                 thus
                 severe
                 on
                 Princes
                 who
                 do
                 but
                 ask
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 Infidels
                 and
                 Hereticks
                 ,
                 what
                 will
                 he
                 do
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 assist
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 Catholicks
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 making
                 such
                 great
                 Progresses
                 ?
                 The
                 
                 Example
                 of
                 Peter
                 II.
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 will
                 tell
                 us
                 2
                 :
                 This
                 King
                 stuck
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 the
                 Faction
                 of
                 the
                 Albigenses
                 in
                 France
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 fought
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 One
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Catholicks
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 but
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 lost
                 at
                 once
                 both
                 his
                 Life
                 and
                 the
                 Battel
                 .
                 
                   Iudas
                   Machabaeus
                
                 no
                 sooner
                 joined
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 tho'
                 only
                 to
                 defend
                 himself
                 against
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Power
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 two
                 Angels
                 ,
                 that
                 stood
                 by
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 left
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 was
                 slain
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 Cause
                 ,
                 suffered
                 Ionathan
                 and
                 Simon
                 ,
                 his
                 Brothers
                 and
                 Successors
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 Excuse
                 of
                 Self-Defence
                 always
                 sufficient
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Conditions
                 and
                 Circumstances
                 that
                 make
                 such
                 Confederacies
                 allowable
                 ,
                 very
                 rarely
                 concurr
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 of
                 greater
                 weight
                 than
                 that
                 universal
                 Scandal
                 and
                 Danger
                 of
                 defiling
                 the
                 true
                 Religion
                 with
                 Errors
                 ;
                 the
                 Communication
                 of
                 Hereticks
                 being
                 a
                 Poison
                 apt
                 to
                 infect
                 ,
                 a
                 Gangrene
                 that
                 soon
                 spreads
                 ,
                 where
                 Minds
                 are
                 enclined
                 to
                 Novelty
                 and
                 Licentiousness
                 3
                 .
                 Policy
                 distrusting
                 the
                 Divine
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 wholly
                 relying
                 upon
                 Humane
                 Artifices
                 ,
                 may
                 indeed
                 deceive
                 it self
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 God
                 ,
                 at
                 whose
                 Tribunal
                 meer
                 Appearances
                 of
                 Reason
                 are
                 not
                 received
                 .
                 Baasha
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Israel
                 ,
                 built
                 a
                 Fortress
                 in
                 Ramah
                 ,
                 the
                 last
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Tribe
                 of
                 Benjamin
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Asa
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 stopt
                 its
                 Avenues
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 one
                 could
                 go
                 in
                 or
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 safety
                 4
                 .
                 This
                 occasion'd
                 a
                 War
                 between
                 those
                 two
                 Kings
                 ;
                 and
                 Asa
                 fearing
                 the
                 Alliance
                 of
                 Ben-hadad
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 contrived
                 first
                 to
                 break
                 that
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 enter'd
                 himself
                 into
                 a
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 Ben-hadad
                 :
                 which
                 when
                 Baasha
                 heard
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 off
                 building
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 of
                 Ramah
                 5
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 though
                 Asa
                 made
                 this
                 League
                 out
                 of
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 only
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Defence
                 ,
                 whereof
                 the
                 good
                 Effect
                 soon
                 appeared
                 ;
                 yet
                 God
                 was
                 displeased
                 that
                 he
                 put
                 more
                 confidence
                 in
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Syria
                 than
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Hanani
                 the
                 Prophet
                 to
                 represent
                 his
                 fault
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 threaten
                 him
                 with
                 Wars
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Punishment
                 6
                 ;
                 which
                 accordingly
                 happened
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 easie
                 to
                 gather
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 France
                 has
                 incurred
                 the
                 Divine
                 Displeasure
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Alliances
                 it
                 has
                 now
                 engaged
                 it self
                 in
                 with
                 those
                 of
                 another
                 Religion
                 ,
                 to
                 oppress
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 :
                 Where
                 is
                 no
                 room
                 for
                 the
                 Pretence
                 of
                 Self-Preservation
                 in
                 extreme
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 since
                 without
                 any
                 Provocation
                 or
                 Reason
                 ,
                 he
                 has
                 sided
                 with
                 all
                 its
                 Adversaries
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 fomenting
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 States
                 ,
                 and
                 enlarging
                 these
                 by
                 the
                 Usurpation
                 of
                 foreign
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 assisting
                 the
                 Hereticks
                 and
                 their
                 Allies
                 with
                 Counsel
                 and
                 Arms
                 to
                 conquer
                 the
                 Catholicks
                 ;
                 no
                 one
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 coming
                 thence
                 to
                 the
                 Treaty
                 of
                 Peace
                 at
                 Cologne
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 Pope
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 and
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 had
                 all
                 sent
                 their
                 Plenipotentiaries
                 thither
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 unlawful
                 only
                 to
                 make
                 Leagues
                 with
                 Hereticks
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Scriptures
                 give
                 us
                 an
                 illustrious
                 Instance
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 King
                 Amasiah
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 hired
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Israel
                 ,
                 was
                 commanded
                 of
                 God
                 to
                 dismiss
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 reproved
                 ,
                 for
                 not
                 rather
                 relying
                 on
                 him
                 7
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 he
                 presently
                 obeyed
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 Danger
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 the
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 he
                 had
                 given
                 them
                 ,
                 God
                 gave
                 him
                 a
                 signal
                 Victory
                 over
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 those
                 of
                 a
                 different
                 Religion
                 is
                 lawful
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 its
                 End
                 is
                 the
                 Intermission
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Commerce
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 that
                 was
                 which
                 Isaac
                 made
                 with
                 Abimelech
                 8
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 now
                 is
                 between
                 Spain
                 and
                 England
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 any
                 Treaty
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 Hereticks
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 interfere
                 not
                 with
                 Religion
                 or
                 Good
                 Manners
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 confirmed
                 by
                 Oath
                 ,
                 the
                 Publick
                 Faith
                 is
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 the
                 Oath
                 ,
                 God
                 is
                 called
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Witness
                 to
                 the
                 Agreement
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 a
                 Surety
                 for
                 the
                 Performance
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 both
                 Parties
                 consenting
                 to
                 make
                 him
                 Judge
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 punish
                 the
                 Perjurer
                 .
                 And
                 certainly
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 hainous
                 Sin
                 ,
                 to
                 call
                 him
                 to
                 witness
                 to
                 a
                 Lye.
                 Nations
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 Security
                 of
                 the
                 Treaties
                 they
                 make
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Religion
                 of
                 Oaths
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 deceive
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 Commerce
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 nor
                 would
                 it
                 be
                 possible
                 for
                 firm
                 Truces
                 or
                 Peace
                 to
                 be
                 ever
                 concluded
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 there
                 pass
                 no
                 Oath
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Treaties
                 should
                 nevertheless
                 be
                 observed
                 :
                 For
                 from
                 the
                 Truth
                 ,
                 Fidelity
                 and
                 Justice
                 whereby
                 they
                 are
                 maintained
                 ,
                 there
                 arises
                 in
                 them
                 a
                 mutual
                 Obligation
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Duty
                 common
                 to
                 all
                 Nations
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 allowable
                 to
                 kill
                 or
                 hate
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 different
                 Communion
                 ,
                 so
                 neither
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 cheat
                 ,
                 or
                 break
                 a
                 Promise
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Hence
                 Ioshua
                 kept
                 his
                 Oath
                 with
                 the
                 Gibeonites
                 9
                 :
                 A
                 thing
                 which
                 was
                 so
                 pleasing
                 to
                 God
                 Almighty
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 vouchsafed
                 in
                 his
                 savour
                 to
                 interrupt
                 the
                 Natural
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 Orbs
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 obeying
                 the
                 Voice
                 of
                 Ioshua
                 ,
                 and
                 stopping
                 the
                 Sun
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 its
                 Course
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 Time
                 to
                 prosecute
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 acquit
                 himself
                 of
                 his
                 Obligation
                 10
                 :
                 
                 As
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 he
                 punished
                 David
                 with
                 a
                 Three
                 Years
                 Famine
                 ,
                 for
                 
                 Saul's
                 breaking
                 this
                 very
                 Treaty
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Years
                 after
                 11
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XCIV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Sun
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 Libra
                 ,
                 distributes
                 his
                 Rays
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Justice
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 makes
                 the
                 Days
                 and
                 Nights
                 equal
                 ;
                 not
                 ,
                 however
                 ,
                 without
                 having
                 a
                 more
                 particular
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 Zones
                 that
                 are
                 nearest
                 
                 and
                 most
                 subject
                 to
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 imparts
                 a
                 greater
                 Force
                 of
                 Light
                 ,
                 always
                 preferring
                 those
                 Climates
                 and
                 Pa●allels
                 that
                 are
                 least
                 remote
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 Country
                 suffers
                 the
                 Intemperatures
                 of
                 Heat
                 under
                 the
                 Torrid
                 Zone
                 ,
                 the
                 fault
                 is
                 in
                 its
                 ill
                 Situation
                 ,
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Sun's
                 Rays
                 ,
                 since
                 they
                 are
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 Time
                 benign
                 to
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Zone
                 .
                 Now
                 what
                 the
                 Sun
                 does
                 in
                 the
                 Equinoctial-Line
                 ,
                 a
                 Part
                 of
                 Heaven
                 so
                 considerable
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 immense
                 Being
                 of
                 God
                 could
                 be
                 confined
                 to
                 any
                 limited
                 Place
                 ,
                 it
                 could
                 be
                 no
                 other
                 than
                 that
                 ;
                 the
                 same
                 Effect
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 is
                 produced
                 here
                 below
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 Pontifical
                 Triple-Crown
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 Rome
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Fixed
                 Equinox
                 ,
                 with
                 its
                 Divine
                 Rays
                 illuminates
                 all
                 the
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 :
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 Sun
                 of
                 these
                 inferior
                 Orbs
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 was
                 substituted
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Light
                 of
                 that
                 Eternal
                 Sun
                 of
                 Righteousness
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Things
                 Sacred
                 might
                 receive
                 from
                 it
                 their
                 true
                 Form
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 never
                 to
                 be
                 called
                 in
                 question
                 by
                 the
                 shadows
                 of
                 impious
                 Opinions
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Country
                 so
                 near
                 the
                 Poles
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Brightness
                 of
                 its
                 Rays
                 ,
                 in
                 spite
                 of
                 the
                 Frosts
                 and
                 Mists
                 of
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 has
                 reached
                 it
                 .
                 This
                 Tiara
                 ,
                 or
                 Triple-Crown
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Touch-stone
                 on
                 which
                 other
                 Crowns
                 are
                 tried
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Caracts
                 of
                 their
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 proved
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 separated
                 from
                 other
                 base
                 Metals
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 the
                 Tau
                 they
                 are
                 stampt
                 with
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 assured
                 of
                 their
                 real
                 Value
                 .
                 Hence
                 Ramius
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 voluntarily
                 offered
                 to
                 become
                 Feudataries
                 to
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 looking
                 on
                 it
                 as
                 an
                 Honour
                 and
                 Happiness
                 for
                 their
                 Crowns
                 to
                 pay
                 it
                 Tribute
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 refuse
                 the
                 Touch
                 of
                 this
                 Apostolical
                 Stone
                 ,
                 are
                 of
                 Lead
                 and
                 Tin
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 soon
                 wear
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 consume
                 ,
                 rarely
                 passing
                 to
                 the
                 Fifth
                 Generation
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 by
                 frequent
                 Experience
                 .
                 )
                 It
                 was
                 with
                 the
                 Respect
                 and
                 Obedience
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Temporal
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 foretold
                 by
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Isaiah
                 1
                 ,
                 
                 was
                 encreased
                 ;
                 who
                 afterwards
                 armed
                 the
                 Spiritual
                 Sword
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 render
                 it
                 capable
                 of
                 being
                 the
                 Balance
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Christendom
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 the
                 Popes
                 still
                 endeavour
                 to
                 support
                 their
                 Power
                 ,
                 procuring
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 Potentates
                 by
                 their
                 Paternal
                 Affection
                 .
                 Their
                 Empire
                 over
                 Minds
                 is
                 a
                 Voluntary
                 one
                 ,
                 imposed
                 by
                 Reason
                 ,
                 not
                 Force
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 this
                 latter
                 has
                 been
                 too
                 immoderate
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 had
                 quite
                 contrary
                 Effects
                 ;
                 for
                 Passion
                 is
                 blind
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 runs
                 headlong
                 .
                 The
                 Papacy
                 even
                 unarmed
                 ,
                 is
                 stronger
                 than
                 the
                 best
                 appointed
                 Armies
                 .
                 The
                 Presence
                 of
                 Pope
                 Leo
                 in
                 his
                 Pontifical
                 Robes
                 ,
                 struck
                 such
                 a
                 Terrour
                 into
                 Attila
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 made
                 him
                 retreat
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 aside
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 of
                 Sacking
                 of
                 Rome
                 ;
                 which
                 had
                 he
                 attempted
                 by
                 Arms
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 quelled
                 the
                 haughty
                 Spirit
                 of
                 that
                 Barbarian
                 .
                 The
                 bare
                 Whistle
                 of
                 the
                 Shepherd
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 kind
                 Menace
                 of
                 the
                 Crook
                 or
                 Sling
                 ,
                 do
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 hardest
                 Stones
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 Rebellious
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 that
                 must
                 be
                 led
                 by
                 Rigour
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 the
                 Piety
                 of
                 the
                 Faithful
                 has
                 given
                 Force
                 to
                 the
                 Papal
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 rather
                 for
                 the
                 Security
                 of
                 its
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 than
                 done
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 use
                 it
                 ,
                 except
                 when
                 the
                 Maintenance
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Universal
                 Benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 so
                 required
                 .
                 When
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 this
                 one
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 the
                 Mitre
                 is
                 turned
                 into
                 a
                 Helmet
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 Reverence
                 or
                 Obedience
                 is
                 due
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 merely
                 Temporal
                 *
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 it
                 will
                 depend
                 on
                 Reasons
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 looked
                 upon
                 only
                 as
                 a
                 Politick
                 Prince's
                 Crown
                 ,
                 not
                 as
                 the
                 Diadem
                 of
                 a
                 Pope
                 ,
                 whose
                 Empire
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 a
                 Spiritual
                 Authority
                 .
                 His
                 Pastoral
                 Office
                 is
                 of
                 Peace
                 only
                 ,
                 not
                 War
                 ;
                 his
                 Crosier
                 crooked
                 ,
                 to
                 guide
                 ,
                 not
                 pointed
                 ,
                 to
                 wound
                 .
                 The
                 Sovereign
                 Priest
                 is
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 should
                 not
                 ,
                 as
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 be
                 guilty
                 of
                 Envy
                 ,
                 Hatred
                 or
                 Partiality
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 always
                 Incentives
                 of
                 War
                 2
                 .
                 This
                 even
                 the
                 very
                 Pagans
                 required
                 in
                 their
                 Chief-Priest
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Splendour
                 of
                 his
                 Vertues
                 strike
                 the
                 Mind
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Sword
                 does
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 much
                 less
                 prevalent
                 in
                 composing
                 the
                 Differences
                 of
                 Princes
                 than
                 Love
                 and
                 Respect
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 Princes
                 once
                 see
                 that
                 his
                 good
                 Offices
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 true
                 Paternal
                 Love
                 ,
                 free
                 from
                 Passions
                 ,
                 Affections
                 ,
                 and
                 Politick
                 Artifices
                 ,
                 they
                 willingly
                 lay
                 their
                 Rights
                 ,
                 and
                 Arms
                 ,
                 at
                 his
                 Feet
                 .
                 This
                 several
                 Popes
                 have
                 had
                 Experience
                 of
                 ,
                 who
                 avoiding
                 Neutrality
                 ,
                 have
                 shewn
                 themselves
                 the
                 Common
                 Fathers
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 World.
                 He
                 who
                 adheres
                 to
                 one
                 alone
                 ,
                 denies
                 himself
                 to
                 all
                 besides
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 is
                 neither
                 on
                 this
                 Side
                 nor
                 that
                 Side
                 ,
                 takes
                 the
                 Part
                 of
                 none
                 .
                 Whereas
                 the
                 High-Priests
                 should
                 be
                 for
                 All
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 Garments
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Old
                 Law
                 ,
                 gave
                 us
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 whose
                 exquisite
                 Make
                 represented
                 the
                 Globe
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 3
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 to
                 stand
                 with
                 Arms
                 a-cross
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 other
                 Mens
                 Calamities
                 .
                 Should
                 a
                 Father
                 stand
                 still
                 while
                 his
                 Children
                 quarrel
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 deservedly
                 blamed
                 for
                 whatever
                 mischief
                 they
                 should
                 do
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ;
                 he
                 ought
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 by
                 Rigour
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 by
                 good
                 Words
                 ,
                 to
                 part
                 them
                 ,
                 putting
                 himself
                 betwixt
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 if
                 need
                 be
                 ,
                 espousing
                 one's
                 Cause
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 reduce
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 Agreement
                 .
                 Thus
                 if
                 Princes
                 refuse
                 to
                 hearken
                 to
                 the
                 Fatherly
                 Admonition
                 of
                 His
                 Holiness
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 pay
                 not
                 the
                 Respect
                 due
                 to
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 hopes
                 of
                 ever
                 recovering
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 best
                 to
                 declare
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 just
                 Side
                 ,
                 always
                 having
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Quiet
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Advancement
                 of
                 Religion
                 and
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 to
                 assist
                 that
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 other
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 its
                 Duty
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 that
                 approves
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 co-operate
                 with
                 both
                 .
                 *
                 In
                 Italy
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 this
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 Popes
                 is
                 necessary
                 4
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 once
                 they
                 so
                 openly
                 betray
                 their
                 Inclination
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 promise
                 themselves
                 their
                 Aid
                 and
                 Favour
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 will
                 soon
                 bring
                 their
                 Arms
                 thither
                 .
                 This
                 Conside●●tion
                 prevailed
                 on
                 some
                 Popes
                 to
                 shew
                 themselves
                 more
                 addicted
                 to
                 Spain
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 keep
                 France
                 within
                 Bounds
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 any
                 one
                 ,
                 induced
                 by
                 an
                 appearance
                 of
                 Good
                 ,
                 or
                 through
                 Partiality
                 or
                 Self-Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Forgetfulness
                 of
                 this
                 Caution
                 ,
                 has
                 used
                 Secular
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 called
                 in
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 he
                 〈◊〉
                 given
                 occasion
                 to
                 great
                 Commotions
                 in
                 Italy
                 ;
                 as
                 Historians
                 observe
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 5
                 Vrban
                 IV.
                 who
                 sent
                 for
                 Charles
                 ,
                 Count
                 of
                 Anjou
                 and
                 Provence
                 ,
                 to
                 〈◊〉
                 Relief
                 ,
                 against
                 Mainfroy
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 both
                 Sicilies
                 :
                 Of
                 Nicholas
                 III.
                 who
                 being
                 jealous
                 of
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 King
                 Charles
                 ,
                 had
                 recourse
                 to
                 Peter
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 :
                 Of
                 Nicholas
                 IV.
                 who
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 
                 Alphonsus
                 ●f
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 against
                 King
                 Iames
                 :
                 Of
                 Boniface
                 VIII
                 .
                 who
                 ●ppealed
                 to
                 Iames
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 and
                 called
                 in
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Charles
                 of
                 Valois
                 ,
                 Count
                 of
                 Anjou
                 ,
                 against
                 ●rederick
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Sicily
                 :
                 Of
                 Eugenius
                 IV.
                 who
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Faction
                 of
                 Anjou
                 ,
                 against
                 Alphonsus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 N●ples
                 :
                 Of
                 Clement
                 V.
                 who
                 sought
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 Philip
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Viscounts
                 of
                 Milan
                 :
                 Of
                 Leo
                 X.
                 and
                 c●●ment
                 VII
                 .
                 who
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Francis
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 against
                 Charles
                 V.
                 to
                 throw
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 This
                 Inconveniency
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 Weight
                 of
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 See
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Scale
                 wherein
                 't
                 is
                 put
                 must
                 necessarily
                 fall
                 very
                 much
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 probable
                 that
                 some
                 Appearance
                 of
                 Good
                 moved
                 those
                 ●●pes
                 to
                 do
                 thus
                 ;
                 but
                 certainly
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 was
                 far
                 from
                 answering
                 their
                 Intention
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 the
                 Popes
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 ●●intain
                 Princes
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 Tranquility
                 ;
                 so
                 ought
                 these
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Interest
                 (
                 were
                 there
                 no
                 Divine
                 Obligation
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 really
                 is
                 )
                 to
                 have
                 continually
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Heliotrope
                 ,
                 upon
                 that
                 Sun
                 of
                 the
                 Pope's
                 Triple-Crown
                 ,
                 which
                 always
                 shines
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 sets
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 ●●edient
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 protect
                 it
                 .
                 Hence
                 Alphonsus
                 V.
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 upon
                 his
                 Death-bed
                 ,
                 charged
                 his
                 Son
                 
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 to
                 esteem
                 nothing
                 beyond
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 See
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 Popes
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 not
                 to
                 disgust
                 them
                 ,
                 whatever
                 Reason
                 he
                 had
                 on
                 his
                 side
                 6
                 .
                 Impious
                 or
                 Imprudent
                 Princes
                 think
                 it
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Bravery
                 to
                 carry
                 themselves
                 haughtily
                 towards
                 the
                 Popes
                 :
                 but
                 such
                 an
                 Humility
                 is
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 a
                 Weakness
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 Religious
                 Act
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 no
                 Dishonour
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Glory
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 submissive
                 Deferences
                 paid
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 greatest
                 Princes
                 ,
                 are
                 but
                 a
                 pious
                 Magnanimity
                 ,
                 that
                 teaches
                 Subjects
                 what
                 Respect
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 Sacred
                 ;
                 they
                 beget
                 not
                 any
                 Infamy
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 an
                 Universal
                 Applause
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 condemned
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Constanti●●
                 ,
                 for
                 taking
                 a
                 low
                 Seat
                 in
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 Bishops
                 7
                 ;
                 nor
                 King
                 Egica
                 ,
                 for
                 prostrating
                 himself
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 in
                 another
                 held
                 at
                 Toledo
                 8
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 ever
                 succeeds
                 in
                 opposing
                 the
                 Popes
                 ;
                 those
                 are
                 Quarrels
                 that
                 nev●●
                 have
                 a
                 good
                 end
                 ?
                 And
                 who
                 can
                 separate
                 the
                 Inter●●●
                 of
                 the
                 Temporal
                 Prince
                 from
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ?
                 Injury
                 and
                 Authority
                 are
                 so
                 joined
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 greater
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 derogates
                 from
                 this
                 .
                 The
                 Pontifical
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 when
                 armed
                 with
                 both
                 the
                 Temporal
                 and
                 Spiritual
                 Sword
                 ,
                 withstands
                 the
                 greatest
                 Power
                 .
                 It
                 meets
                 with
                 an
                 unshaken
                 Obedience
                 in
                 Foreign
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 once
                 goes
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 People's
                 Piety
                 grows
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 fighting
                 with
                 Arms
                 ,
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 Books
                 ;
                 Allegiance
                 tott●●
                 ▪
                 and
                 Religion
                 being
                 confounded
                 ,
                 changes
                 of
                 Governm●●●
                 ensue
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 overthrow
                 of
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 whose
                 only
                 Bottom
                 is
                 the
                 Reverence
                 and
                 Respect
                 of
                 the
                 Priesthood
                 9
                 .
                 which
                 made
                 some
                 Nations
                 unite
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Re●●
                 Dignity
                 .
                 Princes
                 ought
                 therefore
                 to
                 carry
                 themsel●●
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 decline
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 〈◊〉
                 sible
                 ,
                 giving
                 any
                 Occasion
                 of
                 Distaste
                 to
                 the
                 Pope●●
                 which
                 they
                 will
                 do
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 pay
                 a
                 due
                 Respect
                 to
                 〈◊〉
                 Apostolick
                 See
                 ,
                 maintaining
                 its
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 Rights
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 
                 ●munities
                 inviolable
                 ,
                 and
                 asserting
                 their
                 own
                 with
                 ●urage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 interfere
                 not
                 with
                 ●●●m
                 ,
                 without
                 admitting
                 any
                 Innovations
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 ●●eir
                 own
                 States
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 tend
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 Spiritual
                 ●ood
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 .
                 When
                 Charles
                 V.
                 went
                 into
                 ●ely
                 to
                 be
                 Crown'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Pope's
                 Legates
                 would
                 oblige
                 ●●●m
                 to
                 take
                 an
                 Oath
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 Rights
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 .
                 ●o
                 which
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   as
                   he
                   would
                   not
                   alter
                   them
                   ,
                   〈◊〉
                   neither
                   would
                   he
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   do
                   any
                   thing
                   against
                   〈◊〉
                   Constitutions
                   of
                   the
                   Empire
                   :
                
                 Which
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 ●●count
                 of
                 the
                 Fiefs
                 which
                 the
                 Church
                 pre●ded
                 on
                 Parma
                 and
                 Placentia
                 .
                 *
                 King
                 
                   ●dinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 was
                 so
                 exact
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 ●at
                 one
                 may
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 say
                 he
                 fell
                 ●to
                 Excess
                 ;
                 judging
                 it
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 transgress
                 ●●e
                 Limits
                 of
                 Rights
                 and
                 Privileges
                 the
                 ●st
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 because
                 when
                 the
                 Foot
                 is
                 once
                 ●●ed
                 ,
                 it
                 presently
                 defends
                 the
                 Place
                 it
                 stands
                 on
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 ●●●ssession
                 ;
                 and
                 insensibly
                 goes
                 farther
                 ,
                 when
                 ,
                 by
                 briskly
                 ●●posing
                 its
                 first
                 steps
                 ,
                 much
                 greater
                 Losses
                 might
                 be
                 ●●oided
                 .
                 Iohn
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 refused
                 to
                 ratifie
                 the
                 ●●ant
                 of
                 the
                 Archbishoprick
                 of
                 Saragossa
                 ,
                 made
                 by
                 Pope
                 ●●tus
                 IV.
                 to
                 Cardinal
                 
                   Ausias
                   Dezpuch
                
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 ●ominate
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 then
                 the
                 Custom
                 ;
                 but
                 causing
                 the
                 ●●rdinal's
                 Goods
                 and
                 Revenues
                 to
                 be
                 seized
                 ,
                 and
                 mis●ing
                 his
                 Relations
                 ,
                 forced
                 him
                 to
                 quit
                 the
                 Pontificate
                 ,
                 ●●ich
                 he
                 afterwards
                 conferred
                 upon
                 his
                 Nephew
                 Al●●●sus
                 10
                 .
                 Such
                 another
                 Dispute
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 ,
                 arose
                 ●●on
                 the
                 Subject
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 Tarrassona
                 ;
                 which
                 a
                 ●rtain
                 Temporal
                 Judge
                 having
                 been
                 made
                 Bishop
                 of
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 ordered
                 him
                 to
                 leave
                 it
                 instantly
                 ,
                 threatning
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 ●●d
                 not
                 ,
                 to
                 drive
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 belong'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 out
                 〈◊〉
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 did
                 his
                 Son
                 Ferdinand
                 ,
                 in
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Bishoprick
                 of
                 Cuenca
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 Pope
                 Sixtus
                 had
                 ●●●ated
                 
                   Raphaël
                   Galeot
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Relation
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 11
                 :
                 For
                 ●●e
                 King
                 ,
                 incens'd
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 a
                 Foreigner
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 without
                 his
                 Nomination
                 ,
                 enjoined
                 all
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 to
                 leave
                 Rome
                 ,
                 protesting
                 he
                 would
                 call
                 a
                 Council
                 upon
                 that
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Matters
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Pope
                 afterwards
                 sent
                 his
                 Nuncio
                 into
                 Spain
                 ,
                 he
                 bid
                 him
                 return
                 ,
                 complaining
                 that
                 His
                 Holiness
                 did
                 not
                 use
                 him
                 as
                 such
                 an
                 obedient
                 Son
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 deserved
                 ,
                 and
                 wondred
                 that
                 the
                 Embassador
                 should
                 undertake
                 such
                 a
                 Commission
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 humbly
                 making
                 answer
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 renounce
                 the
                 Pri●●es
                 of
                 an
                 Embassador
                 ,
                 and
                 submit
                 wholly
                 to
                 His
                 Majesty's
                 Pleasure
                 ;
                 by
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 good
                 Offices
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 admitted
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Differences
                 adjusted
                 .
                 But
                 unless
                 ,
                 for
                 Self-Preservation
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 the
                 Case
                 be
                 extremely
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 recourse
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 had
                 to
                 these
                 Methods
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 befitting
                 the
                 Paternal
                 Affection
                 of
                 the
                 Popes
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 Occasion
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 behaving
                 themselves
                 so
                 Courteous
                 always
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 thereby
                 to
                 maintain
                 a
                 good
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 Princes
                 :
                 For
                 although
                 they
                 have
                 in
                 their
                 Hand
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 ,
                 the
                 two
                 Swords
                 of
                 Spiritual
                 and
                 Temporal
                 Authority
                 ,
                 yet
                 this
                 ought
                 to
                 execute
                 nothing
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 Emperors
                 and
                 Kings
                 ,
                 as
                 Protectors
                 and
                 Defenders
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 :
                 Which
                 makes
                 it
                 (
                 as
                 
                   Alphonsus
                   the
                   Wise
                
                 says
                 *
                 )
                 of
                 so
                 much
                 concernment
                 for
                 those
                 two
                 Powers
                 always
                 to
                 agree
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 each
                 may
                 help
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 when
                 Occasion
                 requires
                 .
                 I
                 doubt
                 not
                 but
                 all
                 those
                 whom
                 God
                 hath
                 placed
                 in
                 this
                 High
                 Station
                 ,
                 have
                 this
                 Care
                 deeply
                 rooted
                 in
                 their
                 Hearts
                 ;
                 but
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 often-times
                 perplexed
                 by
                 the
                 Courtiers
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 whose
                 only
                 business
                 is
                 to
                 sow
                 Discords
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 by
                 the
                 Ambition
                 of
                 some
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 who
                 think
                 to
                 wind
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 Popes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 procure
                 the
                 best
                 Preferments
                 by
                 their
                 Independency
                 on
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Aversion
                 they
                 bear
                 them
                 ,
                 always
                 inventing
                 Pretences
                 to
                 reject
                 their
                 Petitions
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 all
                 occasions
                 of
                 Affronting
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 ;
                 and
                 who
                 ,
                 to
                 appear
                 Stout
                 ,
                 suggest
                 violent
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 Religion
                 and
                 Zeal
                 :
                 all
                 which
                 ruine
                 the
                 good
                 Understanding
                 of
                 the
                 Popes
                 and
                 Temporal
                 
                 Princes
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Christian
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 and
                 chills
                 the
                 Veins
                 of
                 Piety
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Love
                 ,
                 the
                 Artery
                 that
                 cherishes
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 maintains
                 their
                 warmth
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XCV
                 .
                 
              
               
                 THE
                 Isthmus
                 maintains
                 it self
                 between
                 the
                 Force
                 and
                 Power
                 of
                 two
                 contrary
                 Seas
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 common
                 Arbiter
                 ,
                 not
                 enclining
                 more
                 to
                 this
                 than
                 that
                 :
                 Hence
                 ,
                 what
                 one
                 takes
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 restores
                 again
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 conflict
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 preserved
                 entire
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 the
                 Waves
                 of
                 either
                 should
                 once
                 swell
                 and
                 overflow
                 the
                 whole
                 Tract
                 of
                 Ground
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 spoil
                 
                 its
                 Jurisdiction
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 longer
                 an
                 Isthmus
                 .
                 This
                 Neutrality
                 betwixt
                 two
                 great
                 Powers
                 supported
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 
                   Peter
                   Ruiz
                   d'Azagra
                
                 in
                 his
                 Government
                 of
                 Albarraein
                 ,
                 situate
                 on
                 the
                 Frontiers
                 of
                 Castile
                 and
                 Arragon
                 1
                 ;
                 for
                 each
                 of
                 these
                 Kings
                 took
                 care
                 not
                 to
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 oppress'd
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Emulations
                 kept
                 the
                 Freedom
                 of
                 that
                 little
                 State
                 untouch'd
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Savoy
                 may
                 see
                 how
                 much
                 it
                 is
                 their
                 Interest
                 to
                 stand
                 Neuter
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Crowns
                 of
                 France
                 and
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 keep
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 the
                 free
                 Disposal
                 of
                 the
                 Passes
                 into
                 ●●aly
                 by
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 whereon
                 their
                 Grandeu●
                 ,
                 their
                 Conservation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Necessity
                 of
                 their
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 entirely
                 depends
                 ;
                 it
                 highly
                 concerning
                 each
                 of
                 these
                 Crowns
                 not
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 subdued
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 have
                 so
                 often
                 marched
                 to
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 
                   Charles
                   Emanuel
                
                 ,
                 and
                 recovered
                 such
                 Places
                 as
                 the
                 French
                 had
                 taken
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 only
                 one
                 Case
                 wherein
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 that
                 these
                 Princes
                 brea●
                 this
                 Neutrality
                 ,
                 and
                 side
                 with
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Crowns
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 other
                 attempts
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 their
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 particularly
                 that
                 of
                 France
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 once
                 the
                 French
                 should
                 drive
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 become
                 so
                 powerful
                 (
                 considering
                 they
                 have
                 already
                 e●tended
                 their
                 Dominions
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 utmost
                 Limits
                 of
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 ,
                 through
                 Cal●●ria
                 )
                 that
                 over
                 running
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 Savoy
                 and
                 Piedmont
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 either
                 unite
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 or
                 but
                 then
                 them
                 with
                 an
                 intolerable
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 Italy
                 would
                 soon
                 feel
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 ,
                 without
                 hopes
                 of
                 redeeming
                 their
                 Liberty
                 again
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 Spain
                 ever
                 to
                 retrieve
                 their
                 Losses
                 ,
                 or
                 balance
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 extremely
                 difficult
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 vast
                 distance
                 between
                 them
                 too
                 .
                 This
                 Danger
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 weighed
                 ,
                 when
                 seeing
                 Charles
                 the
                 Eighth's
                 Power
                 encrease
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 they
                 struck
                 up
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 called
                 
                   the
                   Holy
                   League
                
                 .
                 From
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 one
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 began
                 to
                 contrive
                 the
                 Security
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 Chair
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 prevent
                 its
                 falling
                 under
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 the
                 Turk
                 ,
                 or
                 being
                 infected
                 with
                 the
                 Heresies
                 ,
                 then
                 taking
                 root
                 in
                 Germany
                 ;
                 advanced
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 and
                 establish'd
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 in
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 
                   Naples
                   ,
                   Sicily
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Milan
                 ,
                 that
                 Italy
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 Catholick
                 Prince
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 restrain
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 content
                 with
                 the
                 Rights
                 of
                 Succession
                 ,
                 Fiefs
                 ,
                 and
                 Arms
                 ,
                 it
                 raised
                 it
                 a
                 Rival
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 its
                 Kings
                 under
                 a
                 necessity
                 for
                 their
                 Preservation
                 of
                 gaining
                 the
                 Love
                 and
                 Good-will
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Esteem
                 of
                 other
                 Princes
                 ,
                 by
                 maintaining
                 Justice
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 these
                 Peace
                 ,
                 without
                 giving
                 the
                 least
                 Occasion
                 to
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 always
                 hazards
                 the
                 Rights
                 and
                 Designs
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Powerful
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Advantage
                 which
                 Italy
                 reaps
                 from
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 by
                 some
                 ,
                 unjustly
                 traduced
                 as
                 a
                 Yoke
                 of
                 Slavery
                 ;
                 when
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 Instrument
                 of
                 its
                 Repose
                 ,
                 of
                 its
                 Liberty
                 and
                 Religion
                 :
                 The
                 Mistake
                 proceeds
                 from
                 their
                 not
                 well
                 knowing
                 the
                 Importance
                 of
                 this
                 Counterpoise
                 .
                 A
                 Person
                 ,
                 ignorant
                 in
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 Bottom
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 filled
                 with
                 Sand
                 and
                 Stones
                 ,
                 thinks
                 it
                 carries
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 its
                 Wreck
                 in
                 this
                 Weight
                 :
                 whereas
                 they
                 who
                 are
                 acquainted
                 with
                 Sea-Affairs
                 ,
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 this
                 Ballast
                 ,
                 the
                 Lightness
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 could
                 never
                 subsist
                 long
                 against
                 the
                 Agitation
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 .
                 Nicephorus
                 ,
                 speaking
                 of
                 this
                 Aequilibrium
                 between
                 two
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 looks
                 on
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Common
                 Advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 both
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   enough
                   admire
                   the
                   inscrutable
                   Wisdom
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                   who
                   makes
                   two
                   directly
                   opposite
                   Means
                   tend
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   End
                   ;
                   as
                   when
                   he
                   would
                   keep
                   two
                   Powers
                   at
                   variance
                   ,
                   without
                   however
                   subjecting
                   the
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   he
                   either
                   gives
                   to
                   both
                   Commanders
                   ,
                   whose
                   Capacity
                   and
                   Courage
                   discover
                   the
                   Artifices
                   ,
                   and
                   oppose
                   the
                   Attempts
                   of
                   the
                   adverse
                   Party
                   ,
                   which
                   makes
                   for
                   the
                   Liberty
                   of
                   the
                   Subjects
                   of
                   both
                   Sides
                   ;
                   
                   or
                   else
                   sets
                   over
                   them
                   Men
                   so
                   senseless
                   and
                   cowardly
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   undertake
                   nothing
                   considerable
                   one
                   against
                   another
                   ,
                   but
                   leave
                   the
                   Limits
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   as
                   they
                   found
                   them
                
                 2
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 ends
                 ,
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 has
                 parted
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 and
                 Spanish
                 Kings
                 ,
                 by
                 interposing
                 the
                 high
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 lest
                 Propinquity
                 of
                 Territories
                 ,
                 or
                 Easiness
                 of
                 Passage
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 Temptation
                 to
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 favour
                 the
                 French
                 most
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 Nation
                 should
                 have
                 these
                 Doors
                 so
                 often
                 open
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 still
                 ,
                 for
                 greater
                 Security
                 ,
                 given
                 the
                 Keys
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 an
                 Italian
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 his
                 States
                 between
                 those
                 two
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 can
                 lock
                 or
                 leave
                 them
                 open
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 requires
                 .
                 This
                 Divine
                 Disposition
                 Pope
                 Clement
                 VIII
                 .
                 was
                 sensible
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 singular
                 Prudence
                 procured
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Saluzzes
                 to
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 '
                 s
                 Hands
                 .
                 *
                 This
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 ancient
                 State-Maxim
                 ;
                 on
                 which
                 Alphonsus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 grounded
                 his
                 Advice
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 Asti
                 to
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Dauphin
                 :
                 For
                 (
                 said
                 he
                 )
                 
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   for
                   the
                   good
                   of
                
                 Italy
                 ,
                 
                   that
                   the
                
                 French
                 
                   strive
                   to
                   get
                   footing
                   there
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   bring
                   it
                   under
                   their
                   Subjection
                   ,
                   as
                   was
                   attempted
                   in
                   the
                
                 Genoese
                 Expedition
                 .
                 That
                 Italian
                 Prince
                 penetrated
                 not
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 this
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 who
                 advised
                 the
                 prefent
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 by
                 making
                 himself
                 Master
                 of
                 Pignerol
                 ,
                 to
                 get
                 firm
                 footing
                 on
                 the
                 Alps
                 ;
                 deceived
                 probably
                 (
                 unless
                 it
                 were
                 Malice
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 appearing
                 Conveniency
                 of
                 having
                 the
                 French
                 ready
                 against
                 any
                 Attacks
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ;
                 not
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 a
                 future
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 perhaps
                 never
                 have
                 really
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 a
                 present
                 and
                 most
                 certain
                 one
                 is
                 kindled
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 admission
                 of
                 
                 the
                 French
                 into
                 Italy
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 for
                 Peace
                 to
                 be
                 preserved
                 in
                 any
                 one
                 Province
                 betwixt
                 two
                 Nations
                 so
                 opposite
                 and
                 disagreeing
                 :
                 Nor
                 were
                 Italy
                 like
                 to
                 reap
                 any
                 other
                 Benefit
                 from
                 it
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 would
                 nourish
                 a
                 Serpent
                 in
                 its
                 Bosom
                 ,
                 whose
                 poisonous
                 Sting
                 would
                 certainly
                 afterwards
                 envenom
                 it
                 .
                 Besides
                 that
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 even
                 when
                 within
                 their
                 own
                 Limits
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 are
                 always
                 near
                 enough
                 to
                 march
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 when
                 called
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 necessary
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 so
                 near
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Passage
                 at
                 their
                 Command
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 French
                 so
                 modest
                 ,
                 so
                 void
                 of
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 confine
                 themselves
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 move
                 but
                 when
                 called
                 upon
                 ;
                 yet
                 who
                 doubts
                 but
                 upon
                 such
                 an
                 Occasion
                 they
                 would
                 widely
                 transgress
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 Protection
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Lewis
                   Sforza
                   ,
                   Castruchio
                   Castrocani
                
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 others
                 ,
                 have
                 actually
                 experienc'd
                 ,
                 who
                 sought
                 their
                 Aid
                 with
                 no
                 other
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 befell
                 them
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 some
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 )
                 which
                 Tacitus
                 relates
                 to
                 have
                 happened
                 to
                 the
                 Frecentini
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 agreed
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 valued
                 not
                 the
                 Parthians
                 ;
                 but
                 upon
                 their
                 falling
                 into
                 Dissentions
                 ,
                 while
                 each
                 called
                 in
                 Aid
                 against
                 his
                 Rival
                 ,
                 the
                 Person
                 invited
                 by
                 one
                 Party
                 conquered
                 both
                 3
                 .
                 Now
                 if
                 that
                 Power
                 might
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 Pignerol
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 wholly
                 at
                 the
                 Disposal
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 call
                 it
                 in
                 ,
                 or
                 send
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 its
                 Territories
                 ,
                 as
                 Occasion
                 should
                 require
                 ,
                 there
                 had
                 then
                 been
                 some
                 Reason
                 in
                 the
                 Policy
                 ,
                 some
                 colour
                 of
                 Zeal
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 Counsel
                 :
                 But
                 now
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 time
                 the
                 most
                 improper
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 to
                 place
                 it
                 within
                 the
                 very
                 Gates
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 to
                 enter
                 them
                 upon
                 every
                 Motion
                 of
                 Ambition
                 or
                 Levity
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Fear
                 of
                 it
                 might
                 keep
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 continually
                 upon
                 their
                 Guard
                 ,
                 and
                 Occasion
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 other
                 Princes
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Storm
                 of
                 Wars
                 be
                 raised
                 never
                 to
                 be
                 calmed
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 good
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 rankest
                 Treason
                 ,
                 
                 being
                 ,
                 in
                 plain
                 terms
                 ,
                 no
                 other
                 than
                 exposing
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 wresting
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Italian
                 Prince's
                 Hand
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 over
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Common
                 Good
                 of
                 All.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 other
                 Potentates
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 situate
                 between
                 those
                 two
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 this
                 Reason
                 of
                 Neutrality
                 has
                 not
                 the
                 same
                 force
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 once
                 War
                 is
                 brought
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 they
                 cannot
                 but
                 fall
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 without
                 having
                 obliged
                 either
                 Party
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 Consul
                 Quinetius
                 said
                 to
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 to
                 persuade
                 them
                 to
                 declare
                 for
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Antiochus
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 Florentines
                 found
                 ,
                 when
                 refusing
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 they
                 stood
                 Neuter
                 ;
                 thereby
                 losing
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 without
                 appeasing
                 the
                 Anger
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 4
                 .
                 
                   Neutrality
                   neither
                   makes
                   Friends
                   ,
                   nor
                   removes
                   Enemies
                
                 5
                 .
                 Hence
                 Alphonsus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Sienois
                 ,
                 who
                 thinking
                 to
                 save
                 themselves
                 by
                 Neutrality
                 ,
                 were
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   same
                   happened
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   usually
                   does
                   to
                   one
                   who
                   lodges
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   an
                   House
                   ,
                   whom
                   they
                   below
                   fill
                   with
                   Smoke
                   ,
                   those
                   above
                   pour
                   Water
                   down
                   upon
                   him
                   .
                
                 What
                 did
                 not
                 the
                 Thebans
                 suffer
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 Neutral
                 ,
                 when
                 Xerxes
                 invaded
                 Greece
                 ?
                 While
                 Lewis
                 XI
                 .
                 of
                 France
                 continued
                 so
                 ,
                 he
                 never
                 had
                 Peace
                 with
                 any
                 Prince
                 6
                 .
                 *
                 Let
                 not
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 deceived
                 ,
                 in
                 imagining
                 this
                 Neutrality
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 means
                 to
                 balance
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Spain
                 and
                 France
                 ;
                 for
                 certainly
                 there
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 some
                 Declaration
                 in
                 behalf
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 enlarge
                 its
                 Territories
                 ,
                 or
                 make
                 an
                 Inrode
                 into
                 France
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 maintain
                 what
                 it
                 is
                 already
                 possessed
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 French
                 be
                 kept
                 within
                 their
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 by
                 any
                 Neutrality
                 or
                 Affection
                 be
                 invited
                 out
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 so
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 Declaration
                 of
                 Favour
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 other
                 Publick
                 De●●nstrations
                 ,
                 
                 poises
                 these
                 Scales
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Ar●ment
                 of
                 War.
                 Italy
                 can
                 never
                 bear
                 two
                 Factions
                 that
                 ●ive
                 to
                 raise
                 their
                 Fortunes
                 by
                 the
                 Contention
                 of
                 both
                 ●owns
                 within
                 its
                 Bowels
                 .
                 This
                 Charles
                 V.
                 was
                 sensible
                 〈◊〉
                 when
                 ,
                 to
                 restore
                 Peace
                 to
                 Italy
                 ,
                 he
                 destroyed
                 them
                 ,
                 ●●d
                 new-modelled
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Florence
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 ●●at
                 Time
                 encouraged
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Balances
                 〈◊〉
                 France
                 or
                 Spain
                 ,
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 over-loaded
                 ,
                 turned
                 .
                 〈◊〉
                 Scale
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 which
                 consists
                 in
                 keeping
                 them
                 even
                 .
                 ●●on
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 this
                 Truth
                 ,
                 all
                 prudent
                 Princes
                 ●●d
                 Commonwealths
                 have
                 shewed
                 themselves
                 more
                 ad●●ed
                 to
                 Spain
                 ,
                 to
                 add
                 some
                 Weight
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 by
                 ●●ing
                 a
                 more
                 perfect
                 Aequilibrium
                 ,
                 they
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 ●●tes
                 ,
                 might
                 enjoy
                 a
                 happy
                 Tranquility
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 ●ne
                 any
                 one
                 has
                 disordered
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 espousing
                 the
                 contrary
                 ●●ty
                 ,
                 he
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 Occasion
                 of
                 great
                 Troubles
                 ,
                 and
                 ●●moted
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 Glory
                 ,
                 that
                 constant
                 attendant
                 of
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 prompts
                 ●ne
                 Italians
                 to
                 think
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 advantageous
                 〈◊〉
                 them
                 to
                 unite
                 against
                 both
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 no
                 ●●er
                 Masters
                 but
                 themselves
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 dividing
                 them●●ves
                 into
                 Republicks
                 ,
                 or
                 setting
                 up
                 one
                 Head.
                 Thoughts
                 ●re
                 for
                 Talk
                 ,
                 than
                 Effect
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 present
                 ●●ndition
                 of
                 Italy
                 ;
                 for
                 either
                 this
                 Sovereign
                 must
                 be
                 〈◊〉
                 Pope
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Pope
                 ,
                 there
                 want
                 not
                 ●●y
                 many
                 plausible
                 Reasons
                 to
                 shew
                 the
                 impossibility
                 〈◊〉
                 maintaining
                 a
                 Spiritual
                 Monarchy
                 changed
                 into
                 a
                 ●mporal
                 one
                 under
                 an
                 Elective
                 Prince
                 (
                 especially
                 if
                 〈◊〉
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 declining
                 Age
                 ,
                 as
                 generally
                 all
                 the
                 Popes
                 are
                 )
                 ●sed
                 only
                 in
                 Arts
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 Ecclesiastical
                 Tran●lity
                 ,
                 wholly
                 employed
                 in
                 Spiritual
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 sur●nded
                 with
                 Nephews
                 and
                 Relations
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 should
                 ●●●y
                 not
                 require
                 to
                 secure
                 to
                 themselves
                 the
                 Succession
                 〈◊〉
                 their
                 States
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 share
                 them
                 by
                 Investitures
                 .
                 ●●●des
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 Christendom
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 ●●●es
                 be
                 the
                 Common
                 Fathers
                 of
                 all
                 its
                 Members
                 ,
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 have
                 any
                 Differences
                 with
                 other
                 Princes
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 ●●●eby
                 be
                 engaged
                 in
                 perpetual
                 Quarrels
                 with
                 those
                 two
                 ●●wns
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 on
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Claims
                 each
                 lay
                 to
                 
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Naples
                 and
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 will
                 soon
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 See
                 ,
                 whethe●
                 joined
                 by
                 some
                 Compact
                 to
                 divide
                 the
                 Conquests
                 of
                 these
                 States
                 ,
                 or
                 separately
                 ,
                 one
                 breaking
                 into
                 Italy
                 through
                 ,
                 the
                 Milanese
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 through
                 Naples
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Danger
                 too
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 calling
                 in
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 the
                 Germans
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Turk
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 afterwards
                 fix
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 suppose
                 any
                 Person
                 were
                 created
                 King
                 of
                 all
                 Italy
                 ,
                 yet
                 still
                 the
                 same
                 Inconveniencies
                 would
                 remain
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 another
                 much
                 greater
                 would
                 arise
                 from
                 hence
                 ;
                 that
                 in
                 form
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 this
                 King
                 must
                 necessarily
                 make
                 other
                 Princes
                 subject
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 strip
                 the
                 Pope
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 :
                 For
                 should
                 he
                 leave
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Condition
                 they
                 are
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 under
                 some
                 acknowledgment
                 of
                 Homage
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 Alliance
                 )
                 he
                 could
                 never
                 support
                 himself
                 ;
                 besides
                 that
                 thus
                 Italy
                 would
                 lose
                 that
                 Spiritual
                 Empire
                 ,
                 which
                 renders
                 it
                 no
                 less
                 Ill●strious
                 than
                 heretofore
                 the
                 Roman
                 did
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 d●prived
                 of
                 its
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 a
                 kind
                 〈◊〉
                 Tyrannical
                 Confusion
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 yet
                 less
                 probability
                 of
                 Italy
                 's
                 continuing
                 〈◊〉
                 Peace
                 ,
                 under
                 several
                 Native
                 Princes
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 can
                 neve●
                 agree
                 so
                 uniformly
                 as
                 to
                 unite
                 against
                 the
                 two
                 Crow●
                 but
                 will
                 rather
                 ruine
                 one
                 another
                 by
                 Intestine
                 Wars
                 ,
                 ●
                 it
                 happened
                 in
                 former
                 Ages
                 ;
                 the
                 Italian
                 Nation
                 being
                 〈◊〉
                 so
                 lofty
                 a
                 Genius
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 scorns
                 a
                 Medium
                 ;
                 either
                 it
                 m●●●
                 absolutely
                 Govern
                 or
                 Obey
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 all
                 which
                 ,
                 it
                 appears
                 ,
                 how
                 necessary
                 so●●
                 Foreign
                 Power
                 is
                 to
                 Italy
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 opposed
                 to
                 all
                 othe●
                 neither
                 suffers
                 Wars
                 between
                 its
                 Princes
                 ,
                 nor
                 allo●
                 them
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Arms
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 reas●
                 that
                 since
                 it
                 was
                 united
                 with
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 it
                 〈◊〉
                 always
                 enjoy'd
                 a
                 perfect
                 and
                 continual
                 Peace
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Advantage
                 therefore
                 that
                 attends
                 that
                 necessity
                 〈◊〉
                 joining
                 it self
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 may
                 pre●●●
                 upon
                 the
                 Italian
                 Nation
                 to
                 conform
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 〈◊〉
                 especially
                 since
                 if
                 there
                 should
                 happen
                 any
                 Alteration
                 〈◊〉
                 
                   Milan
                   ,
                   Naples
                
                 and
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 give
                 a
                 〈◊〉
                 
                 ●●●●rbance
                 to
                 other
                 Governments
                 :
                 For
                 no
                 New
                 Forms
                 〈◊〉
                 ●ntroduced
                 without
                 the
                 corruption
                 of
                 others
                 ;
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Nations
                 must
                 be
                 incorporated
                 〈◊〉
                 Italy
                 ,
                 the
                 Spanish
                 has
                 most
                 Reason
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 lying
                 〈◊〉
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 Climate
                 ,
                 which
                 renders
                 them
                 more
                 〈◊〉
                 in
                 Firmness
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 Observance
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 ●vity
                 of
                 Actions
                 ,
                 Fidelity
                 to
                 their
                 princes
                 ,
                 Constancy
                 in
                 〈◊〉
                 Promises
                 and
                 Publick
                 Faith
                 ,
                 in
                 Moderation
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 briefly
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Customs
                 and
                 Manners
                 ;
                 and
                 ●es
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 governs
                 not
                 in
                 Italy
                 〈◊〉
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 an
                 Italian
                 Prince
                 ,
                 who
                 aims
                 at
                 no●●●g
                 more
                 there
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 maintain
                 what
                 he
                 justly
                 pos●●●
                 since
                 he
                 can
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 more
                 Advantage
                 to
                 his
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 extend
                 his
                 Monarchy
                 over
                 the
                 vast
                 Countries
                 〈◊〉
                 Africa
                 .
                 This
                 Maxim
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 left
                 to
                 Successors
                 ,
                 in
                 generously
                 refusing
                 the
                 Offer
                 of
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 Emperor
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   desired
                   nothing
                   〈◊〉
                   what
                   of
                   Right
                   belonged
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   his
                   〈◊〉
                   to
                   dismember
                   the
                   Imperial
                   Dignity
                   .
                
                 This
                 Truth
                 is
                 ●●●ently
                 attested
                 by
                 the
                 Restitutions
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 〈◊〉
                 made
                 of
                 several
                 Places
                 ,
                 without
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 any
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 or
                 demanding
                 Satisfaction
                 for
                 Charges
                 〈◊〉
                 Damage
                 ,
                 or
                 taking
                 up
                 Arms
                 but
                 upon
                 necessity
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 defence
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 Mantua
                 have
                 experienc'd
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 has
                 at
                 〈◊〉
                 time
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Nevers
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 〈◊〉
                 as
                 Malice
                 would
                 insinuate
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 Master
                 ●asal
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 put
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 to
                 justice
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 laid
                 Pretensions
                 to
                 these
                 States
                 .
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Nevers
                 having
                 implored
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Marquess
                 Mirebaean
                 ,
                 His
                 Majesty's
                 Protection
                 and
                 Consent
                 to
                 〈◊〉
                 Marriage
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Retel
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 ●●●eess
                 Mary
                 ,
                 obtained
                 both
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 Conclusion
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 Matter
                 ,
                 Advice
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Madrid
                 ,
                 That
                 by
                 the
                 ●er-hand
                 Practices
                 of
                 Count
                 d'Estrige
                 ,
                 the
                 Wedding
                 〈◊〉
                 already
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 Vincent
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Mantua
                 ,
                 being
                 ●he
                 point
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 King's
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 ●●●ctly
                 against
                 the
                 Agreement
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 this
                 Novelty
                 ,
                 which
                 
                 appeared
                 to
                 some
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Slight
                 and
                 Distrust
                 ,
                 deferred
                 first
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 the
                 Protection
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 afterwards
                 place
                 to
                 fresh
                 Deliberations
                 ;
                 wherein
                 it
                 was
                 resolved
                 ,
                 That
                 without
                 any
                 Notice
                 taken
                 of
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Favour
                 promised
                 ,
                 should
                 remain
                 in
                 full
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 One
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 Married
                 Couple
                 Joy.
                 But
                 as
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 had
                 determined
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 House
                 of
                 Mantua
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Vices
                 of
                 its
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Violation
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Marriages
                 ,
                 it
                 directed
                 all
                 Events
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ;
                 and
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 while
                 these
                 Things
                 passed
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 Cardinal
                 Richlieu
                 ,
                 a
                 sworn
                 Enemy
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Nevers
                 ,
                 brought
                 it
                 about
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 assisted
                 by
                 his
                 Master
                 ,
                 denounced
                 War
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 get
                 what
                 he
                 laid
                 claim
                 to
                 in
                 Montferrat
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Duke
                 smelling
                 this
                 to
                 be
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 Pretence
                 ,
                 under
                 which
                 to
                 bring
                 th●
                 French
                 Arms
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 both
                 Dukes
                 ,
                 to
                 encrease
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 discover'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Intrigue
                 to
                 Gonsalvo
                 of
                 Cordoua
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 desert
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 ass●●●
                 him
                 .
                 Gonsalvo
                 desired
                 Time
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 and
                 se●●●
                 Advice
                 of
                 it
                 into
                 Spain
                 ;
                 and
                 seeing
                 the
                 Duke
                 make
                 some
                 difficulty
                 to
                 grant
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 succo●
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Doors
                 of
                 the
                 Alps
                 would
                 be
                 open
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 he
                 ,
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 head
                 ,
                 agreed
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 hoping
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 Master
                 of
                 Casal
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 mea●●●
                 of
                 Espadin
                 ,
                 whereby
                 (
                 as
                 himself
                 wrote
                 to
                 His
                 Majesty
                 )
                 the
                 Emperor
                 might
                 with
                 much
                 more
                 ease
                 determine
                 the
                 Controversies
                 on
                 foot
                 in
                 Montferrat
                 and
                 Mantua
                 :
                 a
                 Reso●lution
                 which
                 obliged
                 His
                 Majesty
                 to
                 suspend
                 a
                 second
                 time●
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 the
                 Protection
                 promised
                 ,
                 though
                 contrary
                 to
                 his
                 Design
                 of
                 procuring
                 the
                 Peace
                 of
                 
                   Italy
                   ▪
                
                 nevertheless
                 ,
                 to
                 maintain
                 that
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 Occasi●●
                 of
                 Jealousie
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 Order
                 to
                 Gonsalvo
                 of
                 Cordoua
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 supposed
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 already
                 possessed
                 of
                 
                   Casa●
                   ▪
                
                 he
                 should
                 keep
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 the
                 true
                 Master
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 dispatching
                 Letters
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 that
                 effect
                 ,
                 to
                 convey
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 case
                 ,
                 to
                 His
                 Imperial
                 Majesty
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Treaty
                 with
                 Espadin
                 not
                 su●●ding
                 ,
                 
                 Gonsalvo
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Order
                 from
                 His
                 Ma●●●y
                 ,
                 invested
                 Casal
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Occasion
                 of
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 France
                 '
                 s
                 Journey
                 to
                 Susa
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 
                 Spain's
                 being
                 ●xpectedly
                 engaged
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 after
                 having
                 pub●ly
                 protested
                 that
                 those
                 Forces
                 were
                 only
                 Auxi●ies
                 to
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Rights
                 of
                 the
                 ●●enders
                 upon
                 Mon●ferrat
                 and
                 Mantua
                 might
                 be
                 ●●ded
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Justice
                 ;
                 nor
                 would
                 Gonsalvo
                 accept
                 ●he
                 Term
                 offered
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Nevers
                 ,
                 of
                 ●●●ng
                 Casal
                 ,
                 lest
                 any
                 should
                 think
                 His
                 Majesty
                 engaged
                 ●ese
                 Commotions
                 more
                 out
                 of
                 private
                 Interest
                 ,
                 than
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 fake
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Quiet
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 very
                 ●th
                 of
                 the
                 Matter
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 many
                 have
                 unjustly
                 ●aim'd
                 against
                 ,
                 so
                 few
                 really
                 known
                 .
              
               
                 ●et
                 the
                 Prince
                 therefore
                 and
                 Republick
                 of
                 Italy
                 lay
                 ●e
                 the
                 empty
                 Shadows
                 of
                 Jealousies
                 assuring
                 them●es
                 that
                 Spain
                 aims
                 at
                 nothing
                 more
                 than
                 to
                 keep
                 up
                 〈◊〉
                 Grandeur
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 encrease
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 let
                 〈◊〉
                 give
                 place
                 to
                 this
                 true
                 piece
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 desire
                 Peace
                 of
                 Italy
                 :
                 for
                 these
                 imaginary
                 Emulations
                 tend
                 ●o
                 other
                 end
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 promote
                 its
                 Disquiet
                 ;
                 there
                 ●g
                 no
                 War
                 but
                 what
                 proceeds
                 either
                 from
                 the
                 Ambi●●●
                 of
                 a
                 powerful
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Apprehensions
                 of
                 ●●feriour
                 Prince
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XCVI
                 .
                 
              
               
                 VIctory
                 in
                 just
                 Wars
                 ,
                 aims
                 at
                 no
                 other
                 end
                 〈◊〉
                 Peace
                 :
                 Hence
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 Glorious
                 ,
                 wh●●●
                 is
                 obtained
                 with
                 least
                 Damage
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 〈◊〉
                 Stratagem
                 than
                 Force
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 least
                 covered
                 〈◊〉
                 Dust
                 and
                 Blood
                 ;
                 which
                 Horace
                 calls
                 ,
                 
                   
                     —
                     Dulcis
                     sine
                     pulvere
                     palma
                     :
                     *
                  
                   
                     
                       Lawrels
                       with
                       Ease
                       obtain'd
                       ,
                       smell
                       always
                       sweet
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 The
                 Romans
                 ,
                 for
                 bloody
                 Victories
                 ,
                 sacrificed
                 a
                 〈◊〉
                 and
                 an
                 Oxe
                 ,
                 for
                 those
                 got
                 by
                 Stratagem
                 .
                 If
                 by
                 Wit●●●
                 
                 ●nderstanding
                 we
                 are
                 like
                 God
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 Force
                 in
                 com●on
                 with
                 Brutes
                 ,
                 undoubtedly
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 Glory
                 in
                 ●●quering
                 with
                 the
                 former
                 than
                 the
                 latter
                 .
                 
                 Tiberius
                 ●s
                 better
                 pleas'd
                 in
                 having
                 quieted
                 the
                 Empire
                 by
                 Pru●nce
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 Sword
                 1
                 :
                 And
                 Agricola
                 looked
                 on
                 it
                 as
                 Glorious
                 to
                 vanquish
                 the
                 
                 Britains
                 ●●●thout
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 Roman
                 Blood
                 2
                 .
                 If
                 Victory
                 pro●oses
                 the
                 Preservation
                 and
                 Encrease
                 of
                 the
                 Common-●ealth
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 succeed
                 much
                 better
                 by
                 Policy
                 or
                 Nego●tion
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 Arms.
                 The
                 Life
                 of
                 one
                 Citizen
                 is
                 of
                 ●ore
                 account
                 than
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 many
                 Enemies
                 .
                 Whence
                 ●●pio
                 the
                 African
                 used
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   be
                   had
                   rather
                   save
                   〈◊〉
                   Citizen
                   ,
                   than
                   conquer
                   a
                   thousand
                   Enemies
                   :
                
                 A
                 Sentence
                 ●hich
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                   Marcus
                   Antoninus
                
                 Pius
                 ●ok
                 for
                 his
                 Device
                 .
                 For
                 to
                 conquer
                 an
                 Enemy
                 is
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 Work
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 ;
                 to
                 save
                 a
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 ●●triot
                 .
                 Vitellius
                 considered
                 not
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 having
                 de●●ded
                 Otho
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 in
                 passing
                 among
                 the
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 
                   ●●he
                   smell
                   of
                   dead
                   Enemies
                   is
                   sweet
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   of
                   Citizens
                   yet
                   ●●eter
                   .
                
                 A
                 barbarous
                 Saying
                 ,
                 unworthy
                 even
                 of
                 a
                 Vulture
                 .
                 ●
                 quite
                 different
                 Compassion
                 was
                 seen
                 in
                 Himilcon
                 ,
                 who
                 ●ving
                 obtained
                 considerable
                 Victories
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 because
                 〈◊〉
                 had
                 lost
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 by
                 Sicknesses
                 which
                 seized
                 〈◊〉
                 Army
                 in
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 entered
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 not
                 in
                 ●riumph
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Mourning
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Habit
                 of
                 a
                 Slave
                 ,
                 ●●d
                 going
                 strait
                 to
                 his
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 killed
                 himself
                 ,
                 without
                 ●aking
                 a
                 word
                 to
                 any
                 .
                 Cruel
                 Victory
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 ●●re
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 than
                 Effect
                 of
                 Courage
                 ;
                 it
                 has
                 ●●re
                 of
                 Fierceness
                 than
                 Reason
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 When
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 .
                 ●ing
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 received
                 News
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Army
                 had
                 ●otten
                 the
                 better
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Ravenna
                 ,
                 though
                 with
                 〈◊〉
                 loss
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Officers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 ●●diers
                 ;
                 
                   Would
                   to
                   God
                
                 (
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 sighing
                 )
                 
                   I
                   had
                   lost
                   the
                   ●ay
                   ,
                   and
                   my
                   brave
                   Captains
                   were
                   now
                   alive
                   !
                   May
                   such
                   ●ctories
                   as
                   these
                   be
                   for
                   my
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   wherein
                   the
                   Conquered
                   〈◊〉
                   Conqueror
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Victor
                   vanquished
                   .
                
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 most
                 prudent
                 Commanders
                 decline
                 Engagements
                 and
                 Attacks
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 possible
                 ;
                 and
                 value
                 themselves
                 more
                 upon
                 obliging
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 yield
                 ,
                 than
                 upon
                 subduing
                 him
                 by
                 Force
                 3
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Great
                   Captain
                
                 received
                 Gajeta
                 by
                 Surrender
                 :
                 and
                 some
                 thinking
                 he
                 had
                 better
                 ,
                 since
                 he
                 was
                 now
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 have
                 stormed
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 taken
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 any
                 mischief
                 they
                 might
                 do
                 ,
                 if
                 let
                 go
                 ;
                 he
                 answered
                 ,
                 
                   It
                   would
                   have
                   cost
                   more
                   in
                   Powder
                   and
                   Ball
                   than
                   the
                   Danger
                   would
                   have
                   been
                   worth
                   .
                
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 generous
                 Valour
                 that
                 brings
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 a
                 Surrender
                 without
                 Bloodshed
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 happy
                 War
                 that
                 is
                 ended
                 by
                 Mercy
                 and
                 Pardon
                 4
                 .
                 Valour
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 Mercy
                 for
                 the
                 Captive
                 5
                 .
                 This
                 Generosity
                 of
                 Mind
                 is
                 very
                 rare
                 now-a-days
                 ,
                 when
                 War
                 is
                 undertaken
                 more
                 to
                 satisfie
                 Passion
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 exert
                 Valour
                 ,
                 more
                 for
                 Devastation
                 than
                 Conquest
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 called
                 Peace
                 ,
                 to
                 reduce
                 Cities
                 into
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 and
                 Countries
                 into
                 Desarts
                 6
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 waste
                 and
                 burn
                 up
                 Fields
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 Germany
                 and
                 Burgundy
                 .
                 What
                 a
                 barbarous
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 how
                 inconsistent
                 with
                 Humane
                 Reason
                 is
                 it
                 thus
                 to
                 wage
                 War
                 with
                 Nature
                 her self
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 from
                 her
                 those
                 Means
                 wherewith
                 she
                 nourishes
                 and
                 supports
                 us
                 ?
                 The
                 Holy
                 Scriptures
                 forbid
                 even
                 the
                 Trees
                 that
                 grow
                 near
                 besieged
                 Cities
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 down
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 Wood
                 ,
                 not
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 cannot
                 encrease
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Number
                 7
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 degree
                 does
                 God
                 abhorr
                 Blood
                 spilt
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 his
                 People
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 the
                 Midianites
                 yet
                 he
                 afterwards
                 enjoined
                 ,
                 That
                 whosoever
                 had
                 killed
                 any
                 Person
                 ,
                 or
                 touched
                 any
                 Slain
                 ,
                 should
                 purifie
                 himself
                 
                 ●●ven
                 Days
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 8
                 .
                 Aeneas
                 thought
                 it
                 ●
                 Crime
                 to
                 touch
                 Things
                 Sacred
                 before
                 he
                 had
                 washed
                 ●is
                 Hands
                 in
                 some
                 living
                 Stream
                 :
                 
                   Attrectare
                   nefas
                   ,
                   donec
                   me
                   flumine
                   vivo
                   Abluero
                   .
                   *
                
                 God
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 is
                 equally
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 Life
                 ,
                 hates
                 those
                 who
                 disturb
                 that
                 ,
                 or
                 cut
                 the
                 thread
                 of
                 this
                 :
                 ●ven
                 to
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 he
                 has
                 ●eclared
                 his
                 aversion
                 ;
                 for
                 hence
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 ,
                 he
                 com●anded
                 his
                 Altars
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 of
                 rough
                 ,
                 unpolish'd
                 ●tone
                 ,
                 which
                 no
                 Iron
                 had
                 touched
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 that
                 was
                 ●hich
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Israel
                 raised
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 passed
                 ●●e
                 River
                 Iordan
                 9
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 Ioshua
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 ●ctory
                 over
                 the
                 Men
                 of
                 Ai
                 10
                 .
                 The
                 Reason
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 that
                 Iron
                 is
                 the
                 Matter
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 whereof
                 Swords
                 are
                 ●ade
                 :
                 nor
                 would
                 he
                 suffer
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 purity
                 and
                 ●aceableness
                 of
                 his
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 other
                 Precept
                 ●●●ms
                 to
                 intimate
                 11
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 ambition
                 of
                 Glory
                 seldom
                 gives
                 place
                 to
                 these
                 ●nsiderations
                 ,
                 imagining
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 Reputation
                 ●t
                 ,
                 where
                 Valour
                 is
                 not
                 exercised
                 ,
                 and
                 Blood
                 spilt
                 ;
                 ●●d
                 thence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 some
                 care
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 ●●xiliaries
                 ,
                 or
                 admit
                 of
                 Companions
                 in
                 Victory
                 .
                 ●ing
                 Alphonsus
                 III.
                 lost
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Arc
                 ,
                 only
                 because
                 〈◊〉
                 would
                 not
                 stay
                 for
                 the
                 coming
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 ●on
                 and
                 Navarr
                 ;
                 and
                 Tilly
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 Leipsick
                 ,
                 by
                 not
                 ●aiting
                 for
                 the
                 Imperial
                 Forces
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 thing
                 Ambi●on
                 is
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 wrong
                 ;
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Victories
                 consisting
                 
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 any
                 degree
                 of
                 Courage
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 having
                 known
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 good
                 use
                 of
                 safe
                 Counsels
                 ;
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 the
                 one
                 depends
                 on
                 Chance
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 on
                 Prudence
                 .
                 He
                 obtains
                 the
                 Victory
                 soon
                 enough
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 with
                 Judgment
                 so
                 provided
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 overcome
                 .
                 Ambition
                 burns
                 ;
                 and
                 Reason
                 ,
                 once
                 disturbed
                 ,
                 follows
                 its
                 Natural
                 Force
                 and
                 Tendency
                 ,
                 and
                 destroys
                 it self
                 .
                 States
                 are
                 never
                 more
                 beholding
                 to
                 their
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 undervaluing
                 Trophies
                 and
                 Triumphs
                 ,
                 he
                 strives
                 to
                 maintain
                 Peace
                 by
                 Negotiation
                 ,
                 and
                 purchases
                 Victory
                 with
                 Money
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 cheaper
                 buying
                 for
                 that
                 than
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 generally
                 safer
                 fighting
                 with
                 Golden
                 than
                 Iron
                 Weapons
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 variety
                 of
                 past
                 Accidents
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 make
                 Victory
                 forget
                 it self
                 ;
                 Glory
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 vanish
                 ;
                 Joy
                 ,
                 to
                 disorder
                 ;
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 to
                 puff
                 it
                 up
                 ;
                 Acclamations
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 over●confident
                 ;
                 and
                 Bloodshed
                 prompts
                 it
                 to
                 despise
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 sleep
                 secure
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 most
                 vigilant
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 greater
                 Fortune
                 in
                 subduing
                 it self
                 ,
                 than
                 it
                 met
                 with
                 in
                 conquering
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 for
                 this
                 latter
                 may
                 possibly
                 be
                 more
                 an
                 effect
                 of
                 Fortune
                 than
                 Courage
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Triumph
                 over
                 our
                 Affections
                 and
                 Passions
                 ,
                 Chance
                 has
                 no
                 part
                 .
                 The
                 General
                 therefore
                 would
                 do
                 well
                 ,
                 immediately
                 after
                 a
                 Victory
                 ,
                 to
                 retire
                 into
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Constancy
                 compose
                 the
                 Civil
                 War
                 of
                 his
                 Passions
                 ;
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 without
                 this
                 Triumph
                 ,
                 that
                 other
                 will
                 but
                 be
                 more
                 dangerous
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 watch
                 his
                 Spoils
                 and
                 Trophies
                 the
                 more
                 carefully
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 of
                 them
                 he
                 has
                 gotten
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 Danger
                 ,
                 Fear
                 doubles
                 Guards
                 and
                 Sentinels
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 who
                 thinks
                 himself
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 abandons
                 himself
                 to
                 Sleep
                 .
                 Ioshua
                 drew
                 not
                 back
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 utterly
                 destroyed
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 A●
                 .
                 12
                 Between
                 the
                 Battel
                 and
                 Victory
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Security
                 :
                 Despair
                 is
                 daring
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 contemptible
                 Animal
                 ,
                 when
                 provoked
                 ,
                 
                 turns
                 again
                 .
                 This
                 Experience
                 cost
                 Archduke
                 Albert
                 dear
                 ,
                 at
                 Newport
                 :
                 And
                 Abner
                 told
                 Ioab
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 making
                 his
                 Sword
                 too
                 bloody
                 13
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 Adversity
                 is
                 ingenuous
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Enemy
                 it
                 oppresses
                 often
                 lays
                 hold
                 on
                 the
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 recovers
                 in
                 a
                 moment
                 whatever
                 it
                 had
                 lost
                 ,
                 baffling
                 Fortune
                 by
                 her
                 own
                 Incon●ancy
                 :
                 A
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 who
                 the
                 more
                 she
                 shines
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 brittle
                 she
                 is
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 sooner
                 broken
                 .
                 A
                 General
                 must
                 not
                 therefore
                 be
                 elated
                 by
                 his
                 Victories
                 ,
                 nor
                 think
                 it
                 impossible
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 become
                 in
                 his
                 turn
                 a
                 Trophy
                 to
                 the
                 Person
                 he
                 ●as
                 conquered
                 .
                 He
                 should
                 have
                 ever
                 before
                 his
                 eyes
                 the
                 like
                 Casualty
                 ,
                 phansying
                 he
                 always
                 sees
                 plunged
                 ●der
                 the
                 Waters
                 of
                 Calamities
                 the
                 same
                 Palm
                 which
                 ●e
                 has
                 once
                 lifted
                 up
                 in
                 Triumph
                 :
                 Thus
                 that
                 of
                 this
                 ●●blem
                 looks
                 it self
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 whose
                 liquid
                 Mirrour
                 ●●presents
                 to
                 it
                 the
                 Condition
                 ,
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 Winds
                 ,
                 or
                 ●●jury
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 may
                 reduce
                 it
                 to
                 .
                 This
                 prudent
                 Cau●●usness
                 made
                 the
                 Spouse
                 compare
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 her
                 ●eloved
                 to
                 Rivers
                 of
                 Waters
                 14
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 them
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 dresses
                 and
                 prepares
                 it self
                 for
                 Adversities
                 .
                 ●●sperity
                 is
                 Glory's
                 greatest
                 Enemy
                 :
                 Confidence
                 ren●ing
                 Vertue
                 negligent
                 ,
                 and
                 Pride
                 undervaluing
                 Danger
                 .
                 ●cessity
                 obliges
                 the
                 Conquered
                 to
                 good
                 Discipline
                 ;
                 ●ger
                 and
                 Revenge
                 animate
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 inspire
                 Cou●ge
                 15
                 :
                 Whereas
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 through
                 Arro●●●ce
                 ,
                 and
                 breach
                 of
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 grows
                 dull
                 and
                 ●●●vy
                 16
                 .
                 The
                 gain
                 of
                 a
                 Battel
                 is
                 often-times
                 the
                 ●ginning
                 of
                 Happiness
                 to
                 the
                 Conquered
                 ,
                 of
                 Misfortune
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Victor
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 being
                 blinded
                 by
                 his
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 other
                 casting
                 about
                 to
                 retrieve
                 his
                 .
                 What
                 Arms
                 ●●rishing
                 could
                 not
                 conquer
                 ,
                 those
                 thrown
                 down
                 often
                 〈◊〉
                 ;
                 and
                 Spoils
                 scattered
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 inflaming
                 the
                 
                 Avarice
                 of
                 the
                 Victorious
                 ,
                 make
                 of
                 them
                 an
                 ea●ie
                 Victory
                 .
                 Thus
                 it
                 befell
                 the
                 Sarmatae
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 loaded
                 with
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 were
                 cut
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 bound
                 ,
                 and
                 immovable
                 17
                 .
                 The
                 Battel
                 of
                 Tarro
                 ,
                 against
                 Charles
                 VIII
                 .
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 was
                 lost
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 dubious
                 ,
                 ●●debanmur
                 ,
                 Tac.
                 Hist.
                 l
                 2.
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Italian
                 Soldiers
                 falling
                 too
                 soon
                 upon
                 the
                 Baggage
                 .
                 Hence
                 
                   Iudas
                   Maccabaeus
                
                 required
                 his
                 Men
                 not
                 to
                 touch
                 the
                 Booty
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 over
                 18
                 .
              
               
                 Victories
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 esteemed
                 more
                 for
                 the
                 Progresses
                 may
                 be
                 expected
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 should
                 be
                 cultivated
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 bear
                 the
                 more
                 .
                 To
                 give
                 the
                 Enemy
                 Time
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 Arm
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 sit
                 down
                 satisfied
                 with
                 the
                 Fruit
                 already
                 gathered
                 ,
                 to
                 leave
                 Arms
                 barren
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 as
                 easie
                 for
                 a
                 Fortune
                 raised
                 to
                 fall
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 lift
                 up
                 again
                 one
                 fallen
                 .
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 considering
                 this
                 Uncertainty
                 of
                 Things
                 ,
                 endeavoured
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 Arguments
                 ,
                 to
                 persuade
                 the
                 Senate
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 quick
                 in
                 executing
                 the
                 Honours
                 decreed
                 to
                 Germanicus
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Victories
                 in
                 Germany
                 19
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 Victories
                 should
                 be
                 pursued
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 with
                 a
                 Heat
                 so
                 secure
                 and
                 careless
                 as
                 to
                 slight
                 Dangers
                 .
                 Let
                 Expedition
                 consult
                 with
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 with
                 regard
                 to
                 Time
                 ,
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 Occasion
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 use
                 his
                 Victories
                 with
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 a
                 Bloody
                 and
                 Inhumane
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 always
                 having
                 before
                 him
                 that
                 Counsel
                 of
                 Theodorick
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Ostrogoths
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Letter
                 to
                 his
                 Father-in-Law
                 ,
                 Clovis
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Germa●
                 Victories
                 ;
                 
                   In
                   such
                   Cases
                   ,
                   let
                   him
                   be
                   heard
                   who
                   has
                   most
                   Experience
                   :
                   No
                   Wars
                   have
                   been
                   more
                   successful
                   to
                   me
                   ,
                   than
                   those
                   I
                   have
                   ended
                   with
                   Moderation
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   comes
                   oftenest
                   off
                   Conqueror
                   ,
                   who
                   best
                   uses
                   his
                   Victory
                   ;
                   and
                   Fortune
                   ever
                   favours
                   them
                   most
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   least
                   puft
                   up
                
                 *
                 .
                 
                 The
                 French
                 follow
                 not
                 this
                 prudent
                 Advice
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 have
                 imposed
                 a
                 heavier
                 Yoke
                 on
                 Germany
                 than
                 it
                 ever
                 yet
                 bore
                 ,
                 and
                 hastened
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 that
                 Empire
                 .
                 The
                 Piety
                 and
                 Modesty
                 of
                 Marcellus
                 made
                 a
                 greater
                 Shew
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 wept
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 the
                 beautiful
                 Buildings
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 than
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Glory
                 in
                 having
                 stormed
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 Triumphant
                 Entry
                 at
                 the
                 Breach
                 .
                 Count
                 Tilly
                 struck
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 several
                 ,
                 more
                 by
                 the
                 Tears
                 he
                 shed
                 for
                 the
                 burning
                 of
                 Magdeburg
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 his
                 Sword.
                 And
                 though
                 Ioshua
                 commanded
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 put
                 their
                 Feet
                 upon
                 the
                 Necks
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Gibaon
                 20
                 ;
                 yet
                 this
                 was
                 not
                 done
                 out
                 of
                 Pride
                 or
                 Vain-glory
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 animate
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 remove
                 the
                 Fear
                 they
                 had
                 conceived
                 of
                 the
                 Giants
                 of
                 Canaan
                 21
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 treat
                 those
                 one
                 has
                 subdued
                 with
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 to
                 maintain
                 their
                 Privileges
                 and
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 ease
                 them
                 of
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 is
                 twice
                 to
                 conquer
                 them
                 ,
                 once
                 by
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 by
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 to
                 prepare
                 a
                 Chain
                 for
                 other
                 Nations
                 ;
                 no
                 fewer
                 yielding
                 to
                 Generosity
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 Force
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Expugnat
                   nostram
                   clementia
                   gentem
                   ,
                
                 
                   Mars
                   gravior
                   sub
                   pace
                   latet
                   .
                   *
                
              
               
                 By
                 these
                 Artifices
                 the
                 Romans
                 made
                 themselves
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 ever
                 they
                 forgot
                 them
                 ,
                 their
                 Victories
                 were
                 the
                 more
                 difficult
                 .
                 Despair
                 it self
                 arms
                 against
                 a
                 bloody
                 Conqueror
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Vna
                   salus
                   victis
                   nullam
                   sperare
                   salutem
                   .
                   †
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Wretch's
                     only
                     Comfort
                     is
                     Despair
                     .
                  
                
              
               
               
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 with
                 more
                 Impiety
                 than
                 Reason
                 ,
                 advise
                 ,
                 for
                 greater
                 Security
                 ,
                 to
                 extirpate
                 the
                 hostile
                 Nation
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Romans
                 did
                 in
                 demolishing
                 
                   Carthage
                   ,
                   Numantia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 oblige
                 it
                 to
                 seek
                 a
                 new
                 Habitation
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 barbarous
                 and
                 inhumane
                 Counsel
                 :
                 Others
                 are
                 for
                 extinguishing
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 building
                 Forts
                 ,
                 and
                 disarming
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Tyranny
                 is
                 practicable
                 only
                 in
                 servile
                 Nations
                 ,
                 not
                 among
                 People
                 of
                 ●
                 more
                 generous
                 Nature
                 .
                 Cato
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 to
                 secure
                 himself
                 from
                 some
                 People
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 ●iver
                 ●berus
                 ,
                 took
                 away
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 soon
                 obliged
                 to
                 return
                 them
                 ;
                 they
                 being
                 so
                 exasperated
                 to
                 see
                 themselves
                 without
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 killed
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 they
                 despised
                 a
                 Life
                 destitute
                 of
                 Instruments
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 Honour
                 ,
                 and
                 acquire
                 Glory
                 22
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XCVII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 HERCVLES
                 having
                 master'd
                 the
                 Lion
                 ,
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 enjoy
                 his
                 Victory
                 ,
                 in
                 covering
                 his
                 Shoulders
                 with
                 its
                 Skin
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 to
                 tame
                 other
                 Monsters
                 .
                 Thus
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 a
                 Triumph
                 arm
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 and
                 encrease
                 his
                 Power
                 .
                 Thus
                 ought
                 Princes
                 to
                 use
                 their
                 Victories
                 ,
                 augmenting
                 their
                 Forces
                 by
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 advancing
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 their
                 States
                 by
                 the
                 Places
                 they
                 take
                 .
                 All
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Original
                 ,
                 were
                 small
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 encreased
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 by
                 getting
                 ,
                 and
                 preserving
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Reasons
                 that
                 make
                 the
                 War
                 lawful
                 ,
                 justifie
                 also
                 the
                 detaining
                 of
                 what
                 it
                 brings
                 .
                 To
                 spoil
                 ,
                 only
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 restore
                 again
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 foolish
                 and
                 extravagant
                 Levity
                 .
                 That
                 Man
                 
                 holds
                 not
                 himself
                 at
                 all
                 obliged
                 ,
                 who
                 to
                 day
                 receives
                 what
                 was
                 yesterday
                 wrested
                 from
                 him
                 with
                 Bloodshed
                 .
                 Princes
                 ,
                 by
                 Restitution
                 ,
                 barter
                 for
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 buy
                 its
                 contrary
                 :
                 〈…〉
                 render
                 them
                 Formidable
                 ;
                 what
                 they
                 〈…〉
                 contemptible
                 ,
                 this
                 being
                 generally
                 〈…〉
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 after
                 ,
                 upon
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 they
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 recover
                 it
                 ,
                 〈…〉
                 Difficulties
                 .
                 His
                 Majesty
                 〈…〉
                 put
                 the
                 Valtaline
                 in
                 〈…〉
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 French
                 〈…〉
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Milan
                 in
                 〈…〉
                 and
                 Arms.
                 By
                 holding
                 〈…〉
                 is
                 check'd
                 ,
                 〈…〉
                 by
                 so
                 many
                 Pawns
                 〈…〉
                 Necessity
                 .
                 Time
                 and
                 〈…〉
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 in
                 what
                 Cases
                 it
                 is
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 greater
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 however
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 whose
                 blind
                 appetite
                 〈…〉
                 by
                 those
                 very
                 means
                 it
                 〈…〉
                 .
              
               
                 Princes
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 let
                 several
                 considerable
                 Forts
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 sorry
                 for
                 ,
                 but
                 too
                 late
                 .
                 Present
                 Necessity
                 accuses
                 past
                 Liberality
                 .
                 No
                 Power
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 confident
                 of
                 it self
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 think
                 it
                 stands
                 not
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 for
                 its
                 Defence
                 .
                 The
                 Eagle
                 parts
                 not
                 with
                 her
                 Tallons
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 she
                 did
                 ,
                 she
                 would
                 become
                 the
                 Je●●
                 of
                 other
                 Birds
                 :
                 They
                 respect
                 her
                 not
                 as
                 their
                 Queen
                 ,
                 for
                 her
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 since
                 in
                 that
                 the
                 Peacock
                 much
                 exceeds
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 her
                 Pounces
                 .
                 The
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 His
                 Majesty
                 would
                 now
                 be
                 in
                 far
                 more
                 Veneration
                 and
                 Security
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 still
                 kept
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Siena
                 ,
                 the
                 Garrison
                 of
                 Placentia
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 all
                 those
                 Places
                 which
                 he
                 has
                 left
                 in
                 other
                 Hands
                 .
                 Even
                 Restitution
                 of
                 a
                 State
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 without
                 Prejudice
                 to
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 Inconveniencies
                 in
                 making
                 War
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 using
                 Arms
                 negligently
                 :
                 To
                 take
                 them
                 
                 〈◊〉
                 only
                 to
                 offer
                 Blows
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 dangerous
                 way
                 of
                 fighting
                 .
                 ●
                 Sword
                 drawn
                 without
                 being
                 dyed
                 in
                 Blood
                 ,
                 returns
                 ●●amed
                 into
                 the
                 Scabbard
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 wounds
                 not
                 our
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 ●
                 does
                 our
                 Honour
                 .
                 Fire
                 is
                 the
                 Instrument
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 ●●oever
                 holds
                 it
                 up
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 burnt
                 by
                 it
                 .
                 ●he
                 Army
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 kept
                 in
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Country
                 ,
                 wasts
                 ●s
                 own
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 is
                 wasted
                 it self
                 .
                 Courage
                 grows
                 cold
                 ,
                 ●ithout
                 Occasions
                 to
                 exercise
                 ,
                 and
                 Spoils
                 to
                 inflame
                 it
                 .
                 ●ence
                 Vocula
                 quartered
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Land
                 1
                 ;
                 〈◊〉
                 David
                 went
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Realms
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Philistines
                 2
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 did
                 Iehoash
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Israel
                 ,
                 ●hen
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 Amaziah
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Iudah
                 ,
                 was
                 ●●ming
                 against
                 him
                 3
                 .
                 Subjects
                 can
                 never
                 long
                 bear
                 〈◊〉
                 War
                 at
                 Home
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 maintaining
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 ●oth
                 Friends
                 and
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 Charges
                 encrease
                 ,
                 Means
                 ●il
                 ,
                 and
                 Dangers
                 continue
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 thinks
                 ●●reby
                 to
                 sooth
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 appease
                 him
                 he
                 ●●gaged
                 with
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 imprudent
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 ●●ttering
                 a
                 declared
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Moderation
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 is
                 ●ot
                 imputed
                 to
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 Weakness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ●ost
                 Powerful
                 lose
                 their
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 endanger'd
                 〈◊〉
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 's
                 Mildness
                 to
                 Charles
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 ●●st
                 him
                 dear
                 .
                 This
                 Duke
                 made
                 War
                 against
                 Ferdinand
                 Duke
                 of
                 Mantua
                 ,
                 to
                 assert
                 his
                 ancient
                 Pretensions
                 upon
                 Montferrat
                 ;
                 and
                 King
                 Philip
                 III.
                 not
                 thinking
                 it
                 fit
                 that
                 〈◊〉
                 Sword
                 should
                 decide
                 this
                 Suit
                 ,
                 then
                 depending
                 before
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Quarrel
                 of
                 these
                 two
                 ●rinces
                 should
                 disturb
                 the
                 Peace
                 of
                 all
                 Italy
                 ,
                 made
                 War
                 ●pon
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 and
                 sate
                 down
                 before
                 Asti
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 ●●y
                 design
                 to
                 enter
                 that
                 Place
                 forcibly
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 might
                 ●●ve
                 been
                 easily
                 done
                 )
                 but
                 by
                 this
                 Menace
                 to
                 oblige
                 him
                 〈◊〉
                 Peace
                 ,
                 as
                 accordingly
                 he
                 did
                 .
                 This
                 moderate
                 way
                 ●f
                 proceeding
                 encreased
                 the
                 Duke's
                 Obstinacy
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Treaty
                 ,
                 he
                 again
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 ,
                 kindling
                 another
                 War
                 more
                 dangerous
                 than
                 the
                 first
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 His
                 Majesty
                 besieged
                 Ver●eil
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 ,
                 but
                 presently
                 restored
                 again
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 who
                 saw
                 his
                 Designs
                 succeed
                 so
                 happily
                 ,
                 struck
                 up
                 a
                 Leag●●
                 with
                 the
                 French
                 and
                 Venetians
                 at
                 Avigno●
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 third
                 time
                 disturbed
                 Italy
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 Wars
                 might
                 very
                 easily
                 have
                 been
                 avoided
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 been
                 made
                 to
                 feel
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 suffered
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 State.
                 Whoever
                 has
                 once
                 opposed
                 a
                 greater
                 Power
                 ,
                 will
                 never
                 become
                 a
                 Friend
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 sees
                 himself
                 oppressed
                 and
                 robb'd
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 Vocula
                 said
                 to
                 the
                 Mutinous
                 Legions
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 encouraged
                 them
                 against
                 some
                 Provinces
                 of
                 France
                 4
                 that
                 revolted
                 .
                 )
                 Princes
                 are
                 not
                 feared
                 for
                 having
                 the
                 Weapons
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 knowing
                 how
                 to
                 use
                 them
                 .
                 No
                 one
                 assaults
                 him
                 who
                 dares
                 turn
                 again
                 .
                 Almost
                 all
                 Wars
                 are
                 grounded
                 either
                 upon
                 the
                 Oscitancy
                 or
                 Cowardice
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 against
                 whom
                 they
                 are
                 waged
                 .
                 What
                 Risque
                 is
                 there
                 in
                 making
                 War
                 against
                 a
                 Prince
                 wholly
                 devoted
                 to
                 Peace
                 ,
                 since
                 whatever
                 the
                 Success
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 will
                 certainly
                 be
                 obtained
                 ?
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 convenient
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Maxims
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 be
                 changed
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 which
                 endeavour
                 to
                 inculcate
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 King
                 wishes
                 nothing
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 purchase
                 it
                 at
                 any
                 Rate
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 fit
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 Princes
                 should
                 know
                 that
                 His
                 Majesty
                 is
                 always
                 Sincere
                 ,
                 and
                 willing
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 good
                 Understanding
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 ready
                 to
                 employ
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 for
                 their
                 Conservation
                 and
                 Defence
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 will
                 spare
                 no
                 Care
                 which
                 may
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Quiet
                 of
                 those
                 Provinces
                 :
                 but
                 withal
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 know
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 unjustly
                 opposes
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 and
                 conspires
                 to
                 overthrow
                 it
                 ,
                 putting
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Damages
                 and
                 Expences
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 get
                 Satisfaction
                 ,
                 by
                 detaining
                 what
                 he
                 shall
                 take
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 What
                 Court
                 of
                 Justice
                 will
                 not
                 allow
                 Costs
                 to
                 the
                 Party
                 that
                 sues
                 another
                 without
                 Reason
                 ?
                 
                 ●●o
                 will
                 not
                 try
                 his
                 Sword
                 upon
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 potent
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 can
                 do
                 it
                 with
                 safety
                 ?
              
               
                 When
                 a
                 Victory
                 is
                 obtained
                 ,
                 the
                 Spoils
                 should
                 be
                 〈◊〉
                 among
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 particular
                 Honour
                 shewed
                 〈◊〉
                 as
                 have
                 eminently
                 signalized
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 ;
                 ●●at
                 Valour
                 seeing
                 it self
                 rewarded
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 encouraged
                 〈◊〉
                 greater
                 Enterprizes
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 an
                 Example
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 〈◊〉
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 invented
                 so
                 many
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 ●ollars
                 ,
                 Ovations
                 ,
                 and
                 Triumphs
                 .
                 Saul
                 erected
                 to
                 him●●lf
                 a
                 Triumphant-Arch
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Defeat
                 of
                 the
                 Ama●●●ites
                 5
                 .
                 Nor
                 are
                 these
                 Honours
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 the
                 ●●rvivors
                 only
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 also
                 who
                 have
                 valiantly
                 lost
                 ●●eir
                 Lives
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 since
                 they
                 bought
                 the
                 Victory
                 〈◊〉
                 so
                 dear
                 a
                 Price
                 .
                 Signal
                 Services
                 done
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 can●ot
                 be
                 recome●●●ed
                 but
                 by
                 some
                 Eternal
                 Remembrance
                 .
                 ●hus
                 those
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 were
                 requited
                 with
                 a
                 Sepulchre
                 ●hich
                 lasted
                 〈◊〉
                 many
                 Ages
                 6
                 .
                 The
                 Soul
                 ,
                 sensible
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 own
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 undervalues
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 ●emory
                 of
                 its
                 Actions
                 immortal
                 too
                 :
                 Hence
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 〈◊〉
                 old
                 raised
                 as
                 many
                 Obelisks
                 about
                 every
                 Soldier
                 's
                 ●omb
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 killed
                 Enemies
                 7
                 .
                 God
                 being
                 the
                 ●●vereign
                 Disposer
                 of
                 Victories
                 ,
                 to
                 him
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 pay
                 〈◊〉
                 Acknowledgments
                 first
                 ,
                 to
                 engage
                 him
                 to
                 grant
                 us
                 ●thers
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Thanksgiving
                 and
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 ●ut
                 by
                 Spoils
                 〈◊〉
                 and
                 Offerings
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 Israelites
                 did
                 ,
                 ●pon
                 raising
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Bethulia
                 ,
                 and
                 routing
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 8
                 ;
                 and
                 Ioshua
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Victory
                 over
                 the
                 
                 Men
                 of
                 Ai
                 9
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 particular
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Kings
                 have
                 always
                 been
                 very
                 liberal
                 ;
                 which
                 Piety
                 of
                 theirs
                 God
                 has
                 rewarded
                 with
                 the
                 present
                 Monarchy
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XCVIII
                 .
                 
              
               
                 WAR
                 ,
                 in
                 many
                 things
                 ,
                 resembles
                 Fire
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 its
                 Nature
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 destroy
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 Matter
                 wherewith
                 it
                 i●
                 fed
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 too
                 much
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 extinguishes
                 it
                 .
                 Arms
                 support
                 War
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 powerful
                 ,
                 quench
                 it
                 ,
                 
                 〈◊〉
                 change
                 it
                 into
                 Peace
                 .
                 Therefore
                 whoever
                 would
                 ob●●in
                 this
                 ,
                 must
                 use
                 them
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 that
                 any
                 ●eace
                 should
                 be
                 concluded
                 with
                 Honour
                 and
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 ●Nless
                 it
                 be
                 treated
                 of
                 under
                 the
                 Shield●
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 this
                 ●he
                 Arm
                 must
                 be
                 guarded
                 ,
                 which
                 reaches
                 out
                 the
                 Hand
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Olive
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 Clovis
                 wish'd
                 for
                 two
                 Right-Hands
                 ;
                 one
                 arm'd
                 ,
                 to
                 oppose
                 Alaricus
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 ●aked
                 ,
                 to
                 present
                 in
                 token
                 of
                 Peace
                 to
                 Theodorick
                 ,
                 the
                 Mediator
                 between
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Arms
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 should
                 be
                 equally
                 prepared
                 for
                 Peace
                 and
                 War.
                 Clovis
                 never
                 thought
                 he
                 could
                 obtain
                 that
                 by
                 shewing
                 his
                 unarmed
                 Right-Hand
                 ,
                 without
                 having
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 another
                 ●pon
                 its
                 Guard.
                 This
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Greeks
                 meant
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Hieroglyphick
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 holding
                 in
                 one
                 Hand
                 a
                 Pike
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 ▪
                 other
                 a
                 Caduceus
                 .
                 Negotiation
                 ,
                 expressed
                 by
                 the
                 latter
                 ,
                 can
                 never
                 succeed
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Menace
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 attend
                 it
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 annoyed
                 by
                 Eumolphus
                 ,
                 their
                 General
                 marched
                 first
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Caduceus
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 follow'd
                 by
                 the
                 flower
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 Armour
                 ,
                 hereby
                 shewing
                 himself
                 ready
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 Peace
                 as
                 War.
                 When
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 sent
                 an
                 Embassy
                 to
                 Constantinople
                 ,
                 there
                 went
                 one
                 by
                 the
                 Embassador's
                 side
                 carrying
                 three
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 signifying
                 the
                 same
                 Disposition
                 of
                 Mind
                 :
                 To
                 which
                 Virgil
                 seems
                 also
                 to
                 have
                 alluded
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 Verse
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 
                   
                     Pacem
                     orare
                     manu
                     ,
                     praefigere
                     puppibus
                     arma
                     .
                     *
                  
                   
                     
                       To
                       sue
                       for
                       Peace
                       ,
                       yet
                       prosecute
                       the
                       War.
                       
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 Even
                 after
                 the
                 Conclusion
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 Care
                 ought
                 still
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 since
                 between
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 and
                 Conquered
                 no
                 firm
                 Faith
                 is
                 ever
                 established
                 1
                 .
                 One
                 Day
                 saw
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 several
                 times
                 engaged
                 and
                 violated
                 at
                 Casal
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Marquess
                 
                   de
                   Saint
                   Croix
                
                 's
                 Goodness
                 abused
                 ,
                 he
                 who
                 preferred
                 the
                 Quiet
                 of
                 Italy
                 before
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 which
                 an
                 advantageous
                 
                 Post
                 ,
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 Forces
                 ,
                 offered
                 him
                 as
                 〈…〉
              
               
                 In
                 Treaties
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 a
                 Free
                 Temper
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 requisite
                 than
                 i●
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 a
                 War.
                 He
                 that
                 cons●lts
                 too
                 much
                 his
                 Honour
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 conquer
                 his
                 Enemy
                 as
                 well
                 with
                 the
                 Pen
                 as
                 Sword
                 ,
                 bu●ies
                 Sparks
                 under
                 the
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 to
                 kindle
                 the
                 Fire
                 of
                 a
                 greater
                 War.
                 Those
                 Peaces
                 which
                 Pompey
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Consul
                 Mancinus
                 ,
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 Nu●●●tines
                 ,
                 had
                 no
                 effect
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 derogatory
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 The
                 Capitulation
                 of
                 Asti
                 ,
                 between
                 
                   Charles
                   Emanuel
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Marquess
                 
                   de
                   Hino●osa
                
                 ,
                 was
                 soon
                 broken
                 ,
                 upon
                 account
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Articles
                 about
                 Di●arming
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 not
                 much
                 for
                 His
                 Majesty's
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 which
                 those
                 Disturbances
                 and
                 Innovations
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 seemed
                 to
                 tend
                 to
                 .
                 No
                 Peace
                 can
                 be
                 secure
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 inequality
                 2
                 .
                 One
                 of
                 the
                 Privernates
                 being
                 asked
                 by
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 ,
                 how
                 his
                 Countrymen
                 would
                 observe
                 the
                 Peace
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 allowed
                 them
                 ;
                 answered
                 ,
                 
                   Faithfully
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   Ever
                   ,
                   if
                   you
                   grant
                   us
                   a
                   good
                   and
                   equal
                   one
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   you
                   impose
                   hard
                   Conditions
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   not
                   expect
                   we
                   should
                   keep
                   them
                   long
                
                 3
                 .
                 Never
                 does
                 any
                 one
                 observe
                 a
                 Peace
                 which
                 he
                 knows
                 is
                 to
                 his
                 Disadvantage
                 4
                 .
                 Except
                 it
                 be
                 Honourable
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Conveniency
                 of
                 both
                 Parties
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 but
                 a
                 lame
                 Contract
                 :
                 he
                 that
                 studies
                 most
                 his
                 own
                 Interest
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 makes
                 it
                 most
                 slender
                 ,
                 and
                 subjects
                 it
                 to
                 an
                 easie
                 Rupture
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 any
                 ill
                 Success
                 ,
                 one
                 is
                 not
                 immediately
                 to
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 Peace
                 ,
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 least
                 room
                 is
                 left
                 for
                 putting
                 Affairs
                 in
                 a
                 better
                 posture
                 ;
                 otherwise
                 it
                 can
                 never
                 go
                 well
                 with
                 the
                 Oppressed
                 :
                 Hence
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 
                   Toro
                   ,
                   Alphonsus
                
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 a
                 good
                 Time
                 to
                 talk
                 of
                 Agreeing
                 with
                 
                 
                   ●●rdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 .
                 That
                 is
                 a
                 weak
                 Peace
                 which
                 ●●rce
                 and
                 Menace
                 extort
                 ;
                 for
                 Honour
                 and
                 Liberty
                 never
                 〈◊〉
                 to
                 plot
                 against
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 usually
                 no
                 less
                 Cheats
                 and
                 Contrivances
                 in
                 ●reaties
                 of
                 Peace
                 than
                 in
                 War
                 :
                 witness
                 those
                 pretended
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 Rhadamistus
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 Mithridates
                 's
                 Life
                 *
                 .
                 ●hey
                 are
                 generally
                 set
                 on
                 foot
                 only
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 ●ctions
                 and
                 Designs
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 Time
                 for
                 ●●rtifications
                 ,
                 Succours
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Practices
                 of
                 Alliance
                 ;
                 〈◊〉
                 waste
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Forces
                 ,
                 break
                 Confederacies
                 ,
                 and
                 ●ll
                 asleep
                 with
                 the
                 Hopes
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 Diligence
                 and
                 Precaution
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 they
                 are
                 clapt
                 up
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 raise
                 ●ew
                 Forces
                 ,
                 frustrate
                 Counsels
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 to
                 serve
                 〈◊〉
                 a
                 Truce
                 ,
                 or
                 Cessation
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 until
                 a
                 better
                 Oppor●●nity
                 for
                 taking
                 them
                 up
                 again
                 shall
                 offer
                 it self
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 may
                 be
                 changed
                 .
                 Thus
                 the
                 French
                 Sign'd
                 the
                 Peace
                 of
                 Mouzon
                 ,
                 with
                 no
                 other
                 intent
                 than
                 to
                 remove
                 the
                 War
                 into
                 Germany
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Valtoline
                 that
                 way
                 .
                 So
                 the
                 only
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Peace
                 of
                 Ratisbone
                 was
                 to
                 disarm
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ;
                 for
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 Time
                 the
                 French
                 agreed
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 brewing
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Sweden
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 above
                 two
                 Months
                 between
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Now
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 Cases
                 ,
                 War
                 is
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 a
                 suspected
                 Peace
                 5
                 ;
                 this
                 being
                 indeed
                 a
                 Peace
                 without
                 Peace
                 6
                 .
              
               
                 Peaces
                 should
                 be
                 perpetual
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 those
                 of
                 God
                 have
                 been
                 7
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 Holy
                 Scriptures
                 call
                 such
                 Treaties
                 ,
                 
                   Covenants
                   of
                   Salt
                
                 ;
                 by
                 this
                 expression
                 intimating
                 their
                 Permanency
                 8
                 .
                 A
                 Prince
                 who
                 is
                 a
                 real
                 Lover
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 sincerely
                 endeavours
                 the
                 Settlement
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 
                 not
                 afraid
                 to
                 bind
                 even
                 his
                 Posterity
                 to
                 its
                 Observance
                 .
                 A
                 short
                 Peace
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 but
                 to
                 gather
                 Fuel
                 to
                 light
                 War
                 withal
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Inconveniencies
                 attend
                 Trucer
                 made
                 for
                 a
                 few
                 Years
                 ;
                 they
                 do
                 but
                 suspend
                 Anger
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 place
                 for
                 the
                 sharpening
                 of
                 Swords
                 ,
                 and
                 pointing
                 of
                 Lances
                 ;
                 by
                 their
                 means
                 Usurpations
                 pass
                 into
                 Prescription
                 ,
                 and
                 Peace
                 is
                 afterwards
                 rendred
                 more
                 difficult
                 ,
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 no
                 one
                 resigns
                 willingly
                 what
                 he
                 has
                 possessed
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 Ten
                 Years
                 Truce
                 between
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 and
                 Francis
                 I.
                 gave
                 not
                 Peace
                 to
                 Europe
                 ,
                 as
                 *
                 Pope
                 Paul
                 III.
                 very
                 well
                 observed
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Peace
                 is
                 secure
                 ,
                 firm
                 ,
                 and
                 honourable
                 ,
                 no
                 prudenter
                 Course
                 can
                 be
                 taken
                 than
                 to
                 embrace
                 it
                 ,
                 however
                 Victorious
                 your
                 Arms
                 are
                 ,
                 or
                 whatever
                 considerable
                 Progresses
                 may
                 be
                 expected
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 since
                 the
                 Casualties
                 of
                 War
                 are
                 various
                 and
                 fortunate
                 ,
                 often
                 beget
                 unhappy
                 Successes
                 .
                 How
                 frequent
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 see
                 him
                 begging
                 for
                 Peace
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 but
                 just
                 before
                 asked
                 it
                 .
                 A
                 Certain
                 Peace
                 is
                 better
                 than
                 a
                 Victory
                 in
                 Expectation
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 depends
                 on
                 our
                 own
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 in
                 God's
                 Hand
                 9
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 Sabinus
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Peace
                   was
                   to
                   the
                   Glory
                   only
                   of
                   the
                   Conqueror
                   ,
                   but
                   Profitable
                   to
                   the
                   Conquered
                
                 10
                 :
                 yet
                 this
                 Advantage
                 reaches
                 the
                 Victor
                 too
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 being
                 so
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 have
                 it
                 the
                 more
                 advantageous
                 ,
                 and
                 secure
                 the
                 Progresses
                 already
                 made
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 better
                 Time
                 for
                 Peace
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 one
                 is
                 uppermost
                 in
                 War.
                 This
                 ,
                 among
                 other
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 moved
                 Hanno
                 ,
                 when
                 News
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Carthage
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 of
                 Cannae
                 ,
                 to
                 advise
                 the
                 Senate
                 to
                 close
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 :
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 for
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 neglect
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 forced
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 such
                 Laws
                 and
                 Conditions
                 as
                 Scipio
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 impose
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 when
                 Success
                 is
                 yet
                 dubious
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 a
                 Desire
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 betrays
                 weakness
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 
                 Heart
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 is
                 too
                 passionate
                 for
                 it
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 never
                 obtains
                 it
                 :
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolutions
                 are
                 much
                 better
                 Persuasives
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 then
                 love
                 Peace
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 commit
                 In●ustice
                 ,
                 or
                 suffer
                 Indignities
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 Let
                 ●im
                 not
                 look
                 on
                 that
                 he
                 has
                 made
                 with
                 a
                 Neighbour
                 superiour
                 in
                 Strength
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 safe
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 one
                 is
                 powerful
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 weak
                 11
                 .
                 Ambition
                 knows
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 contain
                 it self
                 ,
                 where
                 ●here
                 is
                 a
                 prospect
                 of
                 Usurping
                 any
                 thing
                 ;
                 and
                 specious
                 Names
                 ,
                 and
                 Pretexts
                 of
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 are
                 never
                 wanting
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 seeks
                 to
                 enlarge
                 his
                 Do●inions
                 ,
                 and
                 aspires
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Monarch
                 :
                 For
                 one
                 who
                 is
                 so
                 already
                 ,
                 aims
                 at
                 nothing
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Enjoyment
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 without
                 going
                 to
                 intrench
                 ●pon
                 that
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 or
                 designing
                 any
                 thing
                 against
                 it
                 12
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 XCIX
                 .
                 
              
               
                 HE
                 knows
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 value
                 the
                 Quietness
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 not
                 felt
                 the
                 Storm
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 he
                 sensible
                 of
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 that
                 has
                 never
                 tasted
                 the
                 bitterness
                 of
                 War
                 :
                 Then
                 first
                 this
                 wild
                 Beast
                 ,
                 the
                 sworn
                 Enemy
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 appears
                 in
                 its
                 true
                 Colours
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 tamed
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 agrees
                 Samson
                 's
                 Riddle
                 of
                 the
                 
                   dead
                   Lion
                
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 Mouth
                 Bees
                 swarmed
                 ,
                 and
                 wrought
                 their
                 Honey-Combs
                 1
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 War
                 is
                 ended
                 ,
                 Peace
                 opens
                 the
                 Doors
                 of
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 brings
                 the
                 Hand
                 to
                 the
                 Plough
                 ,
                 re-establishes
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 
                 Arts
                 ,
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 that
                 Riches
                 which
                 freed
                 from
                 the
                 Fears
                 that
                 drove
                 them
                 away
                 ,
                 then
                 begin
                 to
                 circulate
                 .
                 Peace
                 then
                 ,
                 as
                 Isaiah
                 the
                 Prophet
                 speaks
                 2
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 Good
                 that
                 God
                 has
                 bestowed
                 on
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 as
                 War
                 the
                 greatest
                 Evil.
                 Hence
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 ,
                 to
                 describe
                 Peace
                 ,
                 represented
                 Pluto
                 ,
                 the
                 God
                 of
                 Riches
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Boy
                 crowned
                 with
                 Ears
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Laurel
                 and
                 Roses
                 ,
                 to
                 signifie
                 all
                 the
                 Happiness
                 it
                 brings
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 God
                 has
                 given
                 it
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 in
                 Isaiah
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 his
                 People
                 should
                 take
                 their
                 Rest
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 upon
                 a
                 Bed
                 of
                 Flowers
                 3
                 .
                 Even
                 the
                 most
                 insensible
                 Beings
                 rejoyce
                 at
                 Peace
                 .
                 How
                 chearful
                 ,
                 how
                 fertile
                 do
                 the
                 Fields
                 look
                 ,
                 which
                 that
                 cultivates
                 ?
                 How
                 beautiful
                 the
                 Cities
                 adorned
                 and
                 enriched
                 by
                 its
                 Calmness
                 ?
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 what
                 Desarts
                 ,
                 what
                 ruinous
                 Countries
                 are
                 not
                 those
                 where
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 War
                 has
                 ranged
                 ?
                 Scarce
                 can
                 one
                 know
                 now
                 the
                 fair
                 Cities
                 and
                 Castles
                 of
                 Germany
                 ,
                 by
                 those
                 disfigured
                 Carkasses
                 .
                 Burgundy
                 sees
                 its
                 Verdant
                 Perriwig
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 dy'd
                 in
                 Blood
                 ;
                 and
                 its
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 once
                 so
                 gay
                 and
                 fine
                 ,
                 now
                 ragged
                 and
                 scorch'd
                 up
                 ,
                 with
                 amazement
                 at
                 so
                 wonderful
                 a
                 Change.
                 Nature
                 has
                 no
                 greater
                 Enemy
                 than
                 War.
                 He
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Creation
                 ,
                 was
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Author
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 Justice
                 gives
                 it self
                 up
                 to
                 its
                 Embraces
                 4
                 .
                 Laws
                 tremble
                 ,
                 hide
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 dumb
                 at
                 the
                 frightful
                 sight
                 of
                 Weapons
                 .
                 Hence
                 Marius
                 excuses
                 himself
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 done
                 something
                 against
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 by
                 saying
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 hear
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 Noise
                 of
                 Arms.
                 In
                 War
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 equally
                 unfortunate
                 to
                 good
                 Men
                 to
                 kill
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 kill'd
                 5
                 .
                 In
                 War
                 ,
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 subversion
                 of
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 Mortality
                 ,
                 bury
                 their
                 Children
                 ;
                 whereas
                 in
                 Peace
                 ,
                 these
                 bury
                 them
                 .
                 Here
                 every
                 one's
                 Merit
                 is
                 considered
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Causes
                 examined
                 :
                 In
                 War
                 ,
                 Innocence
                 and
                 Malice
                 run
                 the
                 same
                 Fortune
                 6
                 .
                 In
                 Peace
                 ,
                 Nobility
                 is
                 distinguisht
                 from
                 Populacy
                 :
                 In
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 confounded
                 ,
                 the
                 Weaker
                 obeying
                 the
                 Stronger
                 .
                 In
                 that
                 ,
                 Religion
                 is
                 〈◊〉
                 ;
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 lost
                 ;
                 that
                 maintains
                 ,
                 this
                 usurps
                 Dominions
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 breaks
                 the
                 haughty
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 renders
                 them
                 Submissive
                 and
                 Loyal
                 7
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 makes
                 them
                 haughty
                 and
                 rebellious
                 .
                 This
                 made
                 Tiberius
                 fear
                 nothing
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 disturbing
                 the
                 Repose
                 Augustus
                 had
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 Empire
                 8
                 .
                 With
                 Peace
                 ,
                 Delights
                 and
                 Pleasures
                 encrease
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 greater
                 these
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 weaker
                 are
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 secure
                 9
                 .
                 In
                 Peace
                 ,
                 all
                 depends
                 on
                 the
                 Prince
                 himself
                 ;
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 on
                 him
                 that
                 has
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Armies
                 .
                 Hence
                 Tiberius
                 dissembled
                 all
                 Occasions
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 commit
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 another
                 10
                 .
                 
                   Pomponius
                   Laetus
                
                 well
                 knew
                 all
                 these
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   while
                   the
                   Prince
                   could
                   live
                   in
                   Peace
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   by
                   no
                   means
                   kindle
                   War.
                
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Marcianus
                 used
                 this
                 Motto
                 ,
                 
                   Pax
                   bello
                   potior
                
                 ;
                 and
                 certainly
                 not
                 without
                 Reason
                 ,
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 War
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 convenient
                 ,
                 unless
                 carried
                 on
                 to
                 maintain
                 Peace
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 Good
                 that
                 Infernal
                 Monster
                 brings
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 That
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                   Aurelius
                   Caracalla
                   ,
                   Omnis
                   in
                   ferro
                   salus
                   ,
                
                 was
                 a
                 Tyrannical
                 Saying
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 that
                 Prince
                 only
                 who
                 cannot
                 maintain
                 himself
                 but
                 by
                 Force
                 .
                 That
                 Empire
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 short
                 continuance
                 ,
                 whose
                 support
                 is
                 War
                 11
                 .
                 As
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Sword
                 is
                 by
                 the
                 Side
                 ,
                 Danger
                 is
                 so
                 too
                 :
                 and
                 though
                 Victory
                 be
                 in
                 one's
                 Power
                 ,
                 yet
                 Peace
                 is
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 embraced
                 :
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 so
                 happy
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Damage
                 that
                 attends
                 it
                 is
                 greater
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Peace
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   Treasure
                   Man
                   e'er
                   knew
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   Thousand
                   Triumphs
                   to
                   it
                   seem
                   but
                   few
                   .
                   *
                
              
               
               
                 No
                 Victory
                 can
                 make
                 amends
                 for
                 the
                 Expences
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 So
                 mischievous
                 is
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 when
                 triumphant
                 ,
                 it
                 throws
                 down
                 Walls
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Custom
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 then
                 we
                 have
                 conducted
                 our
                 Prince
                 amidst
                 Dust
                 and
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 seated
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 quiet
                 ,
                 happy
                 state
                 of
                 Peace
                 ;
                 our
                 next
                 Advice
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 do
                 his
                 utmost
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoy
                 the
                 happiness
                 thereof
                 ,
                 without
                 imbittering
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Perils
                 and
                 Calamities
                 of
                 War.
                 David
                 never
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 indispensibly
                 obliged
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Theodosius
                 did
                 not
                 seek
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 found
                 War.
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 Glorious
                 and
                 Princely
                 Care
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 procuring
                 Peace
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Now
                   Caesar
                   's
                   Grandeur
                   ,
                   Caesar
                   's
                   Glories
                   reign
                   ,
                
                 
                   His
                   Conqu'ring
                   Arm
                   sheathing
                   his
                   Sword
                   again
                   .
                   *
                
              
               
                 Nothing
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 is
                 more
                 an
                 Enemy
                 to
                 Possession
                 than
                 War.
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 wicked
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 foolish
                 Doctrine
                 ,
                 which
                 teaches
                 ,
                 that
                 Seeds
                 of
                 Hatred
                 should
                 be
                 nourished
                 ,
                 that
                 Matter
                 for
                 War
                 may
                 be
                 furnished
                 ,
                 whenever
                 it
                 shall
                 be
                 thought
                 fit
                 12
                 .
                 He
                 always
                 lives
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 it
                 always
                 in
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 .
                 The
                 Advice
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 wholsom
                 ,
                 
                   Seek
                   Peace
                   ,
                   and
                   pursue
                   it
                
                 13
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 a
                 Peace
                 is
                 once
                 Concluded
                 ,
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 God
                 and
                 Man
                 oblige
                 to
                 a
                 faithful
                 Observance
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 even
                 although
                 transacted
                 with
                 one's
                 Predecessors
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Distinction
                 between
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 One
                 and
                 Many
                 ;
                 both
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 and
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Benefit
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 Faith
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Contract
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 being
                 always
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 dying
                 .
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 Common
                 Consent
                 ,
                 have
                 Passed
                 what
                 was
                 once
                 Agreed
                 upon
                 into
                 a
                 Law.
                 Nor
                 is
                 Force
                 or
                 Necessity
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Excuse
                 for
                 making
                 War
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 the
                 Publick
                 Faith
                 might
                 be
                 violated
                 for
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 
                 no
                 Capitulation
                 ,
                 no
                 Treaty
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 but
                 might
                 be
                 broken
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 colour
                 .
                 Francis
                 I.
                 was
                 blamed
                 for
                 declaring
                 War
                 against
                 Charles
                 V.
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Agreement
                 made
                 during
                 his
                 Imprisonment
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 Constraint
                 .
                 By
                 such
                 Artifices
                 ,
                 and
                 Equivocal
                 Negotiations
                 ,
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 are
                 firm
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 to
                 establish
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 demand
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 or
                 detain
                 some
                 considerable
                 Place
                 ;
                 things
                 which
                 embarrass
                 a
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 fatigue
                 the
                 World
                 with
                 perpetual
                 Wars
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Prince
                 then
                 being
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Toils
                 and
                 Dangers
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 should
                 apply
                 himself
                 wholly
                 to
                 the
                 Arts
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 Tasso
                 ,
                 )
                 
                   
                     Learning
                     and
                     Arts
                     promote
                     throughout
                     your
                     Realm
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Divert
                     your
                     Subjects
                     Minds
                     with
                     Plays
                     and
                     Balls
                     :
                  
                   
                     With
                     equal
                     Iustice
                     punish
                     and
                     reward
                     ;
                  
                   
                     And
                     out
                     of
                     Danger
                     ,
                     stand
                     upon
                     your
                     Guard.
                     
                  
                
                 Yet
                 not
                 without
                 reflecting
                 how
                 soon
                 War
                 may
                 possibly
                 disturb
                 his
                 Rest.
                 Let
                 not
                 his
                 Eye
                 quit
                 the
                 Arms
                 his
                 Hand
                 has
                 laid
                 down
                 ;
                 nor
                 those
                 old
                 Medals
                 influence
                 him
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Reverse
                 of
                 which
                 Peace
                 was
                 described
                 burning
                 Shields
                 with
                 a
                 Torch
                 :
                 This
                 was
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 a
                 prudent
                 Emblem
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 so
                 necessary
                 after
                 War
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 preserving
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 Violence
                 from
                 making
                 any
                 attempt
                 against
                 Peace
                 .
                 None
                 but
                 God
                 alone
                 could
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 gave
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 
                   break
                   the
                   Bow
                
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Psalmist
                 expresseth
                 it
                 )
                 
                   cut
                   the
                   Spear
                   in
                   sunder
                
                 ,
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 
                   the
                   Chariots
                   in
                   the
                   fire
                
                 14
                 ;
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 he
                 being
                 the
                 Arbiter
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 needs
                 not
                 Arms
                 to
                 maintain
                 Peace
                 withal
                 :
                 But
                 among
                 Men
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 Peace
                 ,
                 where
                 Ambition
                 is
                 not
                 restrained
                 by
                 Fear
                 or
                 Force
                 .
                 This
                 gave
                 Occasion
                 to
                 the
                 Invention
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 which
                 Defence
                 found
                 out
                 before
                 Offence
                 .
                 The
                 Plough
                 marked
                 out
                 the
                 Walls
                 before
                 the
                 Streets
                 were
                 disposed
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Tents
                 were
                 pitched
                 ,
                 and
                 Houses
                 built
                 .
                 The
                 Publick
                 Repose
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 secure
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 Care
                 armed
                 
                 guard
                 its
                 Sleep
                 .
                 A
                 State
                 unprovided
                 with
                 Arms
                 ,
                 awakens
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 invites
                 War.
                 Never
                 had
                 the
                 Alps
                 heard
                 the
                 Echo's
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Trumpets
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Milanese
                 been
                 better
                 fortify'd
                 :
                 This
                 State
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 an
                 Outwork
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 ought
                 ,
                 for
                 its
                 own
                 Security
                 ,
                 to
                 contribute
                 to
                 its
                 Strength
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 joined
                 with
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 would
                 render
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 firm
                 and
                 unshaken
                 .
                 Mens
                 Hearts
                 ,
                 were
                 they
                 of
                 Adamant
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 supply
                 the
                 Defect
                 of
                 Walls
                 .
                 King
                 Witiza
                 ,
                 by
                 demolishing
                 these
                 ,
                 made
                 the
                 Moors
                 so
                 bold
                 as
                 to
                 invade
                 Spain
                 ,
                 when
                 those
                 Banks
                 were
                 gone
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 till
                 then
                 ,
                 had
                 stopt
                 their
                 Inundations
                 15
                 .
                 Augustus
                 was
                 not
                 guilty
                 of
                 this
                 Negligence
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 long
                 Peace
                 he
                 enjoyed
                 ;
                 but
                 appointed
                 a
                 Publick
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Provision
                 against
                 a
                 War.
                 Except
                 Forces
                 be
                 Exercised
                 in
                 Time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Mind
                 disciplin'd
                 in
                 the
                 Arts
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 easily
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 when
                 Danger
                 of
                 Invasion
                 shall
                 have
                 put
                 all
                 Men
                 in
                 a
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 be
                 more
                 intent
                 on
                 flying
                 and
                 saving
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 ,
                 than
                 on
                 their
                 Defence
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 greater
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 leave
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 its
                 own
                 Idleness
                 .
                 When
                 Military
                 Exercise
                 fails
                 ,
                 Valour
                 does
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 Nature
                 produces
                 in
                 all
                 Parts
                 great
                 Souls
                 ,
                 which
                 either
                 Occasion
                 discovers
                 ,
                 or
                 want
                 of
                 Business
                 burieth
                 .
                 Past
                 Ages
                 have
                 not
                 furnish'd
                 braver
                 Men
                 in
                 Greece
                 and
                 Rome
                 ,
                 than
                 are
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 born
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 then
                 appeared
                 so
                 Heroical
                 ,
                 because
                 Desire
                 of
                 Rule
                 made
                 them
                 use
                 themselves
                 to
                 Arms.
                 Let
                 not
                 a
                 Prince
                 be
                 discouraged
                 at
                 the
                 Sluggishness
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 Discipline
                 will
                 fit
                 them
                 either
                 to
                 preserve
                 Peace
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 maintain
                 War.
                 Let
                 him
                 keep
                 them
                 always
                 employed
                 in
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 Arms
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 that
                 desires
                 Peace
                 ,
                 must
                 prevent
                 War.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 EMBLEM
                 C.
                 
                 
              
               
                 IT
                 is
                 a
                 short
                 breathing
                 between
                 the
                 Cradle
                 and
                 the
                 Tomb
                 ;
                 short
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 yet
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 occasioning
                 considerable
                 Evils
                 ,
                 if
                 ill
                 employed
                 .
                 Often
                 does
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 lament
                 whole
                 Ages
                 the
                 Errour
                 of
                 one
                 Moment
                 .
                 On
                 this
                 Point
                 turns
                 the
                 Fall
                 or
                 Rise
                 of
                 Empires
                 .
                 One
                 bad
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Minute
                 throws
                 down
                 what
                 has
                 cost
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 many
                 Years
                 to
                 build
                 1
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 enough
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 Amphitheater
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 run
                 well
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Course
                 be
                 not
                 equal
                 to
                 the
                 End.
                 He
                 only
                 receives
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 lawfully
                 touch'd
                 the
                 last
                 Goal
                 of
                 Death
                 .
                 The
                 Foundation
                 of
                 
                 Houses
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Stones
                 ;
                 that
                 of
                 Renown
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 ;
                 except
                 they
                 be
                 Glorious
                 ,
                 it
                 soon
                 falls
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 buried
                 in
                 Oblivion
                 .
                 The
                 Cradle
                 does
                 not
                 flourish
                 until
                 the
                 Tomb
                 has
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 even
                 the
                 Briars
                 of
                 past
                 Vices
                 turn
                 to
                 Flowers
                 ;
                 for
                 Fame
                 is
                 the
                 last
                 Spirit
                 of
                 our
                 Actions
                 ,
                 which
                 thence
                 receive
                 their
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Lustre
                 ,
                 a
                 thing
                 never
                 seen
                 in
                 an
                 infamous
                 Old
                 Age
                 ,
                 that
                 rather
                 effacing
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Youth
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 2
                 Vitellius
                 .
                 )
                 The
                 most
                 perfect
                 Stroaks
                 of
                 the
                 Pencil
                 or
                 Chizel
                 are
                 not
                 esteemed
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 whole
                 Work
                 remain
                 imperfect
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 ever
                 Fragments
                 were
                 regarded
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 for
                 being
                 the
                 Reliques
                 of
                 a
                 once
                 perfect
                 Statue
                 .
                 Envy
                 or
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 while
                 Life
                 lasts
                 ,
                 give
                 different
                 Forms
                 to
                 Actions
                 ;
                 but
                 Fame
                 ,
                 unbyass'd
                 by
                 those
                 Passions
                 ,
                 pronounces
                 ,
                 after
                 Death
                 ,
                 true
                 and
                 just
                 Sentences
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 of
                 Posterity
                 confirms
                 3
                 .
                 Some
                 Princes
                 are
                 sensible
                 enough
                 of
                 how
                 great
                 Consequence
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 Crown
                 their
                 Life
                 with
                 Vertues
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 in
                 thinking
                 to
                 supply
                 that
                 ,
                 by
                 leaving
                 them
                 described
                 in
                 Epitaphs
                 ,
                 and
                 represented
                 in
                 Statues
                 ;
                 not
                 considering
                 that
                 they
                 blush
                 to
                 accompany
                 him
                 in
                 Death
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 accompanied
                 while
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Marbles
                 are
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 in
                 Indignation
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Counterfeit-Glory
                 of
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 inscribed
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 seem
                 to
                 soften
                 to
                 facilitate
                 the
                 engraving
                 of
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Just
                 Prince
                 ,
                 hardening
                 again
                 afterwards
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 to
                 Eternity
                 ;
                 which
                 even
                 the
                 Stones
                 themselves
                 sometimes
                 write
                 on
                 their
                 hardness
                 .
                 Letters
                 of
                 a
                 miraculous
                 Epitaph
                 were
                 the
                 Tears
                 of
                 Blood
                 ,
                 shed
                 by
                 those
                 before
                 St.
                 
                 Isidore's
                 Altar
                 at
                 Leon
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 King
                 Alphonsus
                 VI.
                 *
                 Nor
                 came
                 they
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Joints
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Marbles
                 ,
                 which
                 seemed
                 mollified
                 for
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 King.
                 The
                 Statue
                 of
                 a
                 vitious
                 Prince
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Transcript
                 of
                 his
                 Vices
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 there
                 either
                 Marble
                 or
                 Brass
                 so
                 durable
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 
                 Time
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 the
                 Natural
                 Fabrick
                 is
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 is
                 the
                 Artificial
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 only
                 is
                 lasting
                 which
                 Vertues
                 frame
                 ,
                 those
                 intrinsick
                 and
                 inseparable
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 an
                 immortal
                 Soul
                 4
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 engrav'd
                 on
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 being
                 successively
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 endures
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 World.
                 
                   No
                   Statues
                   are
                   〈◊〉
                   perpetual
                   than
                   those
                   carved
                   by
                   Vertue
                   and
                   good
                   Offices
                   〈◊〉
                   the
                   Esteem
                   and
                   Acknowledgment
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                
                 (
                 as
                 Mecanus
                 5
                 told
                 Augustus●
                 )
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 Tiberius
                 refused
                 the
                 Temples
                 which
                 the
                 
                   Nearer
                   Spain
                
                 would
                 have
                 built
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Temples
                   and
                   Statues
                   which
                   he
                   most
                   esteemed
                   ,
                   was
                   to
                   perpetuate
                   his
                   Memory
                   in
                   the
                   Minds
                   of
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                
                 6
                 .
                 The
                 Ashes
                 of
                 Hero's
                 are
                 preserved
                 in
                 the
                 Everlasting
                 Obelisks
                 of
                 Universal
                 Applause
                 and
                 Triumph
                 ,
                 even
                 after
                 having
                 been
                 spoiled
                 by
                 Fire
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happened
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 Trajan
                 .
                 The
                 dead
                 Body
                 of
                 that
                 Valiant
                 Prelate
                 ,
                 
                   Giles
                   d'
                   Albornoz
                
                 was
                 carry'd
                 '
                 from
                 Rome
                 to
                 Toled●
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoulders
                 of
                 Nations
                 as
                 well
                 Friends
                 as
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Guard
                 was
                 forced
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 to
                 defend
                 that
                 of
                 Augustus
                 7
                 .
                 But
                 granting
                 the
                 Firmness
                 of
                 the
                 Marble
                 ,
                 and
                 Solidity
                 of
                 the
                 Brass
                 ,
                 should
                 equal
                 future
                 Ages
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 known
                 afterwards
                 who
                 they
                 were
                 raised
                 for
                 *
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 with
                 the
                 Pyramids
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 where
                 we
                 see
                 that
                 Names
                 of
                 those
                 worn
                 out
                 who
                 laid
                 their
                 Ashes
                 there
                 to
                 immortalize
                 themselves
                 8
                 .
              
               
               
                 From
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 gathered
                 how
                 much
                 it
                 concerns
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Declension
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 to
                 endeavour
                 that
                 his
                 former
                 Glories
                 may
                 receive
                 new
                 Life
                 and
                 Vigour
                 from
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 last
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 both
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 may
                 remain
                 for
                 ever
                 in
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 Mankind
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 offer
                 some
                 Rules
                 to
                 direct
                 him
                 how
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 govern
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 relation
                 to
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 his
                 Successor
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Dominions
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 to
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 he
                 advanceth
                 in
                 Years
                 ,
                 his
                 Empire
                 grows
                 more
                 savage
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 subject
                 to
                 Reason
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 variety
                 of
                 Accidents
                 he
                 has
                 met
                 with
                 ,
                 instruct
                 him
                 in
                 Malice
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 indulging
                 Jealousies
                 and
                 Distrusts
                 ,
                 he
                 becomes
                 Cruel
                 and
                 Tyrannical
                 .
                 A
                 long
                 Reign
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 beget
                 Pride
                 and
                 Presumption
                 9
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Experience
                 of
                 Want
                 ,
                 Avarice
                 :
                 whence
                 proceed
                 many
                 things
                 inconsistent
                 with
                 the
                 Decorum
                 of
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 them
                 contempt
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Person
                 .
                 Princes
                 will
                 still
                 retain
                 their
                 ancient
                 Customs
                 and
                 Gravity
                 ,
                 forgetting
                 what
                 they
                 did
                 when
                 young
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 they
                 render
                 themselves
                 odious
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Beginnings
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 Passion
                 for
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 Fear
                 of
                 Ruine
                 ,
                 make
                 them
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 Act
                 with
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Caution
                 :
                 But
                 afterwards
                 Ambition
                 is
                 tired
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 neither
                 any
                 Satisfaction
                 in
                 good
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 Concern
                 for
                 ill
                 Success
                 10
                 ;
                 but
                 imagining
                 Vice
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Recompence
                 of
                 his
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 Reward
                 of
                 his
                 Toils
                 ,
                 shamefully
                 gives
                 himself
                 up
                 to
                 it
                 :
                 Whence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 so
                 few
                 Princes
                 grow
                 better
                 by
                 Ruling
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Holy
                 Scriptures
                 give
                 us
                 Instances
                 in
                 Saul
                 and
                 Solomon
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Government
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Image
                 in
                 
                 Nebuchadnezzar's
                 Dream
                 ,
                 its
                 Beginning
                 's
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 its
                 End
                 of
                 
                   Clay
                   .
                   Vespasian
                
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 Prnce
                 remarkable
                 for
                 having
                 passed
                 from
                 bad
                 to
                 good
                 11
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 Prince
                 strive
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 continue
                 like
                 himself
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 for
                 
                 him
                 to
                 please
                 All
                 ,
                 if
                 his
                 Reign
                 be
                 long
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 hate
                 to
                 be
                 ruled
                 so
                 long
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Hand
                 .
                 They
                 love
                 Novelty
                 ,
                 and
                 rejoyce
                 at
                 Revolutions
                 ,
                 though
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 12
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Prince
                 be
                 Vertuous
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 hated
                 by
                 the
                 Bad
                 ;
                 if
                 Vitious
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 Good
                 and
                 Bad
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 only
                 talk
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 Successor
                 13
                 ,
                 whom
                 every
                 one
                 makes
                 his
                 Court
                 to
                 ;
                 a
                 thing
                 which
                 cannot
                 but
                 incense
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 usually
                 enclines
                 him
                 to
                 hate
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 them
                 ill
                 .
                 As
                 his
                 Strength
                 decays
                 ,
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 vigilance
                 ,
                 his
                 Prudence
                 also
                 ,
                 Understanding
                 and
                 Memory
                 proportionably
                 fail
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Sense●
                 grow
                 old
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 the
                 Body
                 14
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 he
                 desires
                 to
                 reserve
                 this
                 small
                 remainder
                 of
                 his
                 days
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Hurry
                 and
                 Fatigue
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 he
                 surrenders
                 all
                 to
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 on
                 whom
                 the
                 Weight
                 of
                 Affairs
                 lies
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Odium
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 is
                 transferred
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 Case
                 ,
                 they
                 who
                 are
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 no
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Administration
                 and
                 Preferments
                 ,
                 wish
                 for
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 their
                 utmost
                 to
                 procure
                 a
                 new
                 Master
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 dangerous
                 Rocks
                 of
                 a
                 declining
                 Age
                 ,
                 among
                 which
                 the
                 Prince
                 cannot
                 use
                 too
                 much
                 Precaution
                 against
                 a
                 Shipwreck
                 .
                 Yet
                 though
                 the
                 Course
                 be
                 hazardous
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 not
                 therefore
                 to
                 despair
                 of
                 passing
                 securely
                 ,
                 since
                 many
                 Princes
                 have
                 maintained
                 their
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Respect
                 to
                 their
                 last
                 Gasp.
                 An
                 Excellency
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 admir'd
                 in
                 Philip
                 II.
                 The
                 motion
                 of
                 a
                 prudent
                 Government
                 continues
                 uniform
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 shore
                 of
                 Death
                 ;
                 a
                 former
                 Character
                 and
                 Reputation
                 support
                 it
                 against
                 the
                 Hatreds
                 and
                 Inconveniencies
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 as
                 Tiherius
                 experienc'd
                 in
                 himself
                 15
                 .
                 Besides
                 we
                 pass
                 over
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 
                 Slips
                 in
                 Old
                 Age
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 unpardonable
                 in
                 Youth
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 Drusus
                 16
                 observed
                 .
                 )
                 The
                 more
                 boisterous
                 the
                 Storms
                 are
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 Resolution
                 the
                 Prince
                 had
                 need
                 be
                 armed
                 to
                 bear
                 up
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 closer
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 keep
                 to
                 the
                 Helm
                 of
                 Government
                 ;
                 lest
                 by
                 entrusting
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 both
                 himself
                 and
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 should
                 fall
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Sea.
                 While
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Vigour
                 lasts
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 live
                 and
                 die
                 in
                 Action
                 .
                 Government
                 is
                 like
                 the
                 Spheres
                 ,
                 which
                 never
                 stand
                 still
                 ;
                 it
                 admits
                 no
                 Poles
                 but
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 not
                 those
                 of
                 Sloth
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 must
                 find
                 Refreshment
                 in
                 the
                 Toils
                 of
                 his
                 Old
                 Age
                 17
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 through
                 the
                 Infirmities
                 of
                 his
                 Age
                 he
                 wants
                 Strength
                 to
                 bear
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 need
                 of
                 other
                 Shoulders
                 ,
                 yet
                 let
                 him
                 not
                 wholly
                 refuse
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 were
                 it
                 only
                 for
                 Shew
                 ,
                 since
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 in
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 ignorant
                 Mobb
                 as
                 Reality
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 observed
                 elsewhere
                 )
                 is
                 a
                 Restraint
                 to
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 Support
                 to
                 Reputation
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Case
                 it
                 is
                 safer
                 to
                 form
                 a
                 Privy-Council
                 of
                 Three
                 ,
                 as
                 Philip
                 II.
                 did
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 leave
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 One
                 single
                 Person
                 ;
                 because
                 the
                 People
                 look
                 not
                 on
                 them
                 as
                 Favourites
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 Councellors
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 the
                 Prince
                 beware
                 of
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 a
                 Vice
                 universally
                 detested
                 ,
                 and
                 peculiar
                 to
                 Old
                 Age
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 never
                 forsakes
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 has
                 bid
                 adieu
                 to
                 all
                 others
                 .
                 Undoubtedly
                 Galba
                 might
                 have
                 ingratiated
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 been
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 Generous
                 18
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 conform
                 to
                 the
                 Mode
                 ,
                 and
                 present
                 Customs
                 ,
                 and
                 forget
                 those
                 more
                 harsh
                 and
                 rigid
                 ones
                 of
                 former
                 Times
                 ,
                 a
                 fault
                 Old
                 Men
                 are
                 too
                 apt
                 to
                 fall
                 into
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 their
                 Education
                 ,
                 
                 from
                 Vain-glory
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 difficulty
                 they
                 find
                 in
                 taking
                 up
                 those
                 new
                 Customs
                 ;
                 whence
                 they
                 incurr
                 the
                 hate
                 of
                 all
                 Men.
                 They
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 that
                 melancholy
                 Humour
                 ,
                 which
                 ariseth
                 from
                 the
                 Coldness
                 of
                 their
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 exclaim
                 against
                 all
                 Pastimes
                 and
                 Divertisements
                 ,
                 not
                 remembring
                 how
                 much
                 Time
                 they
                 have
                 formerly
                 spent
                 in
                 them
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 him
                 not
                 discover
                 any
                 Jealousy
                 of
                 his
                 Successor
                 ,
                 as
                 Ferdinand
                 the
                 Catholick
                 did
                 ,
                 when
                 Philip
                 I.
                 was
                 to
                 succeed
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 .
                 That
                 is
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 most
                 adore
                 the
                 Rising
                 Sun
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 appears
                 reserved
                 in
                 this
                 particular
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Trick
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 pass
                 for
                 a
                 Loyal
                 ,
                 Constant
                 Man
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Successor
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 gain
                 his
                 Esteem
                 ;
                 as
                 was
                 observed
                 of
                 several
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Augustus
                 19
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 him
                 strive
                 to
                 endear
                 himself
                 to
                 All
                 by
                 Courtesy
                 ,
                 Equality
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 by
                 Clemency
                 and
                 Plenty
                 ;
                 being
                 assured
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 have
                 governed
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 the
                 Love
                 and
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 maintain
                 them
                 without
                 much
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 begetting
                 in
                 their
                 Minds
                 a
                 fear
                 of
                 losing
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 keeping
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 these
                 Methods
                 will
                 be
                 yet
                 of
                 more
                 force
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Successor
                 be
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 born
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 immortalized
                 by
                 ;
                 for
                 although
                 Adoption
                 be
                 only
                 a
                 Fiction
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Person
                 Adopting
                 seems
                 to
                 renew
                 his
                 Youth
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 Galba
                 20
                 said
                 to
                 Piso.
                 )
                 Succession
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 least
                 Care
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 not
                 so
                 frivolous
                 a
                 thing
                 as
                 Solomon
                 imagined
                 21
                 .
                 Sons
                 are
                 the
                 Anchors
                 and
                 Props
                 of
                 a
                 State
                 ,
                 the
                 Joy
                 and
                 Comfort
                 of
                 a
                 Government
                 and
                 Court
                 ,
                 Augustus
                 
                 well
                 knew
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 having
                 none
                 ,
                 he
                 Adapted
                 his
                 Nearest
                 Relations
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 Pillars
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 Empire
                 22
                 .
                 Neither
                 Fleets
                 nor
                 Armies
                 are
                 greater
                 Securities
                 to
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 numerous
                 Off-spring
                 23
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 no
                 greater
                 Friends
                 than
                 They
                 ;
                 no
                 more
                 zealous
                 Opposers
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 Domestick
                 and
                 Foreign
                 .
                 All
                 bear
                 a
                 part
                 in
                 the
                 Happiness
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 their
                 Children
                 only
                 are
                 Sharers
                 in
                 their
                 Misfortunes
                 24
                 .
                 Friends
                 change
                 and
                 fall
                 off
                 with
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 our
                 own
                 Blood
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 transfused
                 into
                 another
                 ,
                 still
                 corresponds
                 with
                 us
                 by
                 a
                 secret
                 and
                 Natural
                 Inclination
                 25
                 .
                 The
                 Safety
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 includes
                 that
                 of
                 his
                 Relations
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Faults
                 reflect
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 endeavour
                 to
                 mend
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 most
                 concerned
                 to
                 observe
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 free
                 and
                 bold
                 to
                 reprove
                 them
                 .
                 Thus
                 Drusus
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 discover
                 what
                 was
                 disliked
                 at
                 Rome
                 in
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 correct
                 it
                 26
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 Reasons
                 may
                 serve
                 to
                 excuse
                 that
                 Authority
                 which
                 some
                 Popes
                 have
                 allowed
                 their
                 Nephews
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 .
                 The
                 Subject
                 has
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Heir
                 ,
                 one
                 to
                 reward
                 his
                 Services
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 afraid
                 to
                 offend
                 the
                 Father
                 ,
                 who
                 leaves
                 a
                 Son
                 to
                 inherit
                 his
                 Power
                 and
                 Quarrels
                 27
                 .
                 On
                 this
                 Marcellus
                 grounded
                 his
                 Advice
                 to
                 Priscus
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 pretend
                 to
                 prescribe
                 to
                 Vespasian
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 grown
                 old
                 in
                 Triumphs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 many
                 young
                 Children
                 28
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Hopes
                 of
                 the
                 Rising
                 Sun
                 makes
                 the
                 cold
                 and
                 gloomy
                 Evenings
                 of
                 the
                 Setting
                 much
                 more
                 tolerable
                 .
                 Ambition
                 is
                 confounded
                 ,
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 trembles
                 .
                 Liberty
                 dare
                 not
                 break
                 the
                 Chain
                 of
                 Servitude
                 ,
                 when
                 she
                 sees
                 the
                 Links
                 continued
                 in
                 a
                 Long
                 Train
                 of
                 Successors
                 .
                 The
                 Publick
                 Repose
                 is
                 not
                 disturbed
                 by
                 Factions
                 and
                 Differences
                 about
                 the
                 Succession
                 29
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 already
                 knowing
                 that
                 a
                 new
                 Phoenix
                 must
                 arise
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ashes
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 even
                 now
                 this
                 Successor
                 has
                 taken
                 Root
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 Strength
                 ,
                 by
                 making
                 himself
                 beloved
                 and
                 feared
                 ;
                 as
                 an
                 old
                 Tree
                 shoots
                 out
                 of
                 its
                 Stump
                 a
                 young
                 Sprig
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 comes
                 to
                 grow
                 in
                 its
                 place
                 30
              
               
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 lie
                 in
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Breast
                 to
                 appoint
                 the
                 Successor
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 such
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 preferr
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 Moses
                 ,
                 distrusting
                 the
                 Abilities
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Sons
                 ,
                 left
                 to
                 God
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 Captain
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 31
                 :
                 And
                 Galba
                 gloried
                 ,
                 in
                 having
                 had
                 more
                 Regard
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 his
                 Family
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 chosen
                 a
                 Person
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 to
                 succeed
                 him
                 32
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 last
                 and
                 greatest
                 Benefit
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 doing
                 his
                 States
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 same
                 Galba
                 told
                 Piso
                 33
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 Adopted
                 him
                 .
                 )
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 Noble
                 Instance
                 of
                 the
                 Prince's
                 Generosity
                 ,
                 to
                 strive
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 successor
                 better
                 than
                 himself
                 .
                 He
                 has
                 but
                 a
                 mean
                 Opinion
                 of
                 his
                 Merit
                 ,
                 who
                 seeks
                 a
                 Name
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Vices
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 comes
                 after
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Comparison
                 of
                 one
                 Reign
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 Herein
                 Augustus
                 himself
                 was
                 faulty
                 ,
                 in
                 chusing
                 
                 Tiberius
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 motive
                 34
                 ,
                 without
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 glorious
                 or
                 infamous
                 Actions
                 of
                 a
                 Successor
                 are
                 charged
                 upon
                 the
                 Predecessor
                 who
                 was
                 concerned
                 in
                 his
                 Election
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Care
                 to
                 provide
                 a
                 good
                 Heir
                 is
                 a
                 Natural
                 Duty
                 in
                 Parents
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 attend
                 it
                 with
                 utmost
                 Application
                 ,
                 since
                 in
                 their
                 Sons
                 they
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 live
                 for
                 ever
                 :
                 And
                 indeed
                 it
                 were
                 against
                 Natural
                 Reason
                 to
                 envy
                 the
                 Excellency
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Image
                 ,
                 or
                 leave
                 it
                 unpolish'd
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 Institution
                 of
                 a
                 Great
                 Person
                 be
                 generally
                 the
                 Occasion
                 of
                 Domestick
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 Mens
                 Ambition
                 is
                 proportion'd
                 to
                 the
                 Capacity
                 of
                 their
                 Souls
                 35
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 oftentimes
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 subversion
                 of
                 the
                 Ties
                 of
                 Reason
                 and
                 Nature
                 ,
                 Children
                 grow
                 weary
                 of
                 expecting
                 the
                 Crown
                 so
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 their
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Glory
                 waste
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 with
                 Rhadamistus
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 long
                 Reign
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 Pharasman
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Iberia
                 36
                 ;
                 although
                 too
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Counsel
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Spirit
                 37
                 to
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 their
                 Sons
                 Liberty
                 in
                 their
                 Youth
                 ,
                 nor
                 wink
                 at
                 their
                 Follies
                 :
                 yet
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 a
                 Father
                 ought
                 to
                 spare
                 no
                 Pains
                 that
                 may
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 Education
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 second
                 Obligation
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 nor
                 let
                 fall
                 his
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Confidence
                 for
                 a
                 few
                 particular
                 Cases
                 .
                 No
                 Prince
                 was
                 ever
                 more
                 jealous
                 of
                 his
                 Children
                 than
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 absented
                 himself
                 from
                 Rome
                 to
                 leave
                 Drusus
                 in
                 his
                 Place
                 38
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Prince
                 would
                 prevent
                 these
                 Suspicions
                 by
                 Politick
                 Methods
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 allow
                 his
                 Son
                 a
                 part
                 in
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 Affairs
                 both
                 Civil
                 and
                 Military
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 in
                 the
                 Dispensation
                 of
                 his
                 Favours
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 
                 the
                 former
                 the
                 Applause
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 got
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 Liberal
                 and
                 Obliging
                 Temper
                 of
                 the
                 Son
                 ,
                 a
                 thing
                 not
                 very
                 pleasing
                 to
                 the
                 Fathers
                 who
                 sit
                 on
                 the
                 Throne
                 39
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 admitted
                 into
                 the
                 Secrets
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 not
                 into
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 who
                 well
                 understood
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 desired
                 to
                 have
                 Tiberius
                 made
                 Tribune
                 ,
                 commended
                 him
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Artifice
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 discovered
                 his
                 Faults
                 in
                 excusing
                 them
                 40
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 believed
                 that
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 to
                 render
                 Drusus
                 odious
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 him
                 pass
                 for
                 one
                 of
                 a
                 cruel
                 Temper
                 ,
                 gave
                 him
                 leave
                 to
                 frequent
                 the
                 Sword-Plays
                 41
                 ;
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 glad
                 when
                 any
                 Contest
                 arose
                 between
                 his
                 Sons
                 and
                 the
                 Senate
                 42
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 Artifices
                 are
                 more
                 hurtful
                 and
                 treacherous
                 than
                 becomes
                 the
                 Sincerity
                 of
                 a
                 Father
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 prudent
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 young
                 Prince
                 some
                 Confident
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 Power
                 the
                 Direction
                 and
                 Management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 may
                 be
                 :
                 as
                 Vespasian
                 did
                 ,
                 when
                 her
                 gave
                 the
                 Praetorship
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Domitian
                 ,
                 and
                 assigned
                 Mutian
                 for
                 his
                 Assistant
                 43
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Son
                 shall
                 seem
                 to
                 harbour
                 great
                 and
                 enterprising
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 may
                 give
                 just
                 Apprehension
                 of
                 some
                 ambitious
                 Design
                 against
                 the
                 Respect
                 due
                 to
                 a
                 Father
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 impatience
                 of
                 his
                 long
                 life
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 will
                 be
                 to
                 employ
                 him
                 in
                 some
                 Undertaking
                 that
                 may
                 wholly
                 engage
                 those
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 and
                 cool
                 the
                 warmth
                 and
                 vigour
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 this
                 made
                 Pharasman
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Iberia
                 ,
                 put
                 his
                 Son
                 Rhadamistus
                 upon
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 Armenia
                 44
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 this
                 Caution
                 of
                 Honouring
                 the
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 employing
                 him
                 in
                 Places
                 of
                 Difficulty
                 ,
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 must
                 care
                 be
                 taken
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Armies
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Hand
                 of
                 another
                 ;
                 for
                 whoever
                 is
                 Master
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 rules
                 the
                 whole
                 State.
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 Otho
                 gave
                 his
                 Brother
                 Titianus
                 the
                 Name
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 the
                 Supreme
                 Command
                 ,
                 yet
                 left
                 all
                 the
                 Authority
                 and
                 real
                 Power
                 lodged
                 in
                 Proculus
                 45
                 :
                 And
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Senate
                 had
                 decreed
                 Germanicus
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 beyond
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 made
                 Piso
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 his
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Designs
                 46
                 .
                 Indeed
                 ,
                 the
                 Constitution
                 of
                 States
                 and
                 Governments
                 in
                 Europe
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 little
                 fear
                 of
                 those
                 Dangers
                 ;
                 yet
                 if
                 the
                 Genius
                 of
                 the
                 Son
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 violent
                 and
                 terrible
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Remedies
                 mentioned
                 cannot
                 sufficiently
                 provide
                 for
                 the
                 Father's
                 Security
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 consider
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 proper
                 to
                 apply
                 that
                 which
                 Philip
                 II.
                 used
                 with
                 his
                 only
                 Son
                 ,
                 
                   Don
                   Carlos
                
                 ,
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 which
                 made
                 Politicks
                 admire
                 its
                 own
                 Power
                 ,
                 struck
                 Nature
                 with
                 Amazement
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 with
                 Horrour
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 he
                 distrust
                 the
                 Fidelity
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 their
                 Aversion
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 usually
                 no
                 better
                 Remedy
                 than
                 to
                 have
                 him
                 educated
                 in
                 some
                 other
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 some
                 greater
                 Prince
                 ,
                 (
                 provided
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 danger
                 of
                 any
                 Emulation
                 between
                 them
                 )
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 may
                 afterwards
                 establish
                 an
                 Alliance
                 .
                 This
                 Motive
                 prevailed
                 with
                 Phraates
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Parthia
                 ,
                 to
                 bring
                 up
                 Vonones
                 in
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 Augustus
                 47
                 :
                 Though
                 this
                 oftentimes
                 produces
                 a
                 contrary
                 effect
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 being
                 apt
                 to
                 hate
                 him
                 afterwards
                 as
                 a
                 Foreigner
                 ,
                 who
                 returns
                 to
                 them
                 with
                 strange
                 Manners
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Case
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Vonones
                 48
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Disposal
                 of
                 his
                 Dominions
                 to
                 his
                 Children
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 cannot
                 be
                 too
                 cautious
                 ;
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Advancement
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Ruiné
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 Younger
                 Sons
                 ,
                 who
                 generally
                 envy
                 the
                 Elder
                 his
                 Prerogative
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Daughters
                 matched
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 whence
                 arise
                 Jealousies
                 and
                 Uneasinesses
                 ,
                 which
                 end
                 in
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 .
                 Augustus
                 
                 re●●●●ting
                 upon
                 this
                 ,
                 refused
                 his
                 Daughter
                 to
                 a
                 Roman
                 Knight
                 ,
                 who
                 might
                 occasion
                 Disturbance
                 49
                 ,
                 and
                 proposed
                 Proc●dejus
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 who
                 lived
                 a
                 calm
                 and
                 retired
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 intermedled
                 not
                 with
                 Affairs
                 of
                 State
                 50
              
               
                 The
                 Choice
                 of
                 a
                 Tutor
                 for
                 the
                 Son
                 who
                 is
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 his
                 Non-age
                 is
                 another
                 thing
                 ,
                 which
                 demands
                 all
                 the
                 Skill
                 and
                 Prudence
                 the
                 Father
                 is
                 Master
                 of
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 nothing
                 more
                 exposed
                 to
                 Casualties
                 than
                 that
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 read
                 of
                 past
                 Examples
                 of
                 many
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 during
                 their
                 Minority
                 ,
                 have
                 lost
                 their
                 Lives
                 and
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 been
                 reduced
                 to
                 great
                 Distress
                 51
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 the
                 Guardianship
                 be
                 left
                 to
                 the
                 Mother
                 ,
                 though
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 looked
                 upon
                 as
                 most
                 secure
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Experience
                 requisite
                 for
                 such
                 a
                 Task
                 are
                 rarely
                 to
                 be
                 met
                 with
                 in
                 a
                 Woman
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 that
                 Sex
                 want
                 Courage
                 to
                 awe
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 gain
                 Respect
                 .
                 But
                 should
                 it
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 Uncle
                 ,
                 Ambition
                 of
                 Rule
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 strongest
                 and
                 most
                 close
                 Ties
                 of
                 Blood.
                 If
                 it
                 light
                 upon
                 the
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 wholly
                 devoted
                 to
                 his
                 private
                 Interest
                 ,
                 which
                 occasions
                 Divisions
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 Subjects
                 despise
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 their
                 Equals
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Rise
                 of
                 Troubles
                 ,
                 and
                 Civil
                 Commotions
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 Dangers
                 and
                 Inconveniencies
                 the
                 Prince
                 must
                 chuse
                 the
                 least
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Persons
                 most
                 capable
                 of
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 picking
                 out
                 a
                 Class
                 of
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Security
                 of
                 the
                 Pupil
                 may
                 be
                 so
                 provided
                 for
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 unite
                 and
                 conspire
                 to
                 ruine
                 him
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Case
                 it
                 is
                 highly
                 requisite
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 immediately
                 brought
                 into
                 Business
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 to
                 have
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Father's
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 Tuition
                 and
                 Guidance
                 of
                 the
                 Heir
                 ,
                 and
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 the
                 Prince's
                 only
                 Duty
                 to
                 get
                 the
                 Successor
                 secured
                 and
                 instructed
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 is
                 also
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Accidents
                 of
                 his
                 new
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 ill
                 Consequence
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 Sails
                 are
                 changed
                 the
                 Ship
                 is
                 endanger'd
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Introduction
                 of
                 New
                 Forms
                 ,
                 Nature
                 suffers
                 ;
                 because
                 Things
                 end
                 faintly
                 ,
                 but
                 begin
                 with
                 vigour
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 from
                 this
                 Vicissitude
                 of
                 Things
                 that
                 those
                 Dangers
                 proceed
                 which
                 threaten
                 upon
                 the
                 meeting
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 of
                 both
                 Reigns
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happens
                 when
                 one
                 rapid
                 River
                 runs
                 violently
                 into
                 another
                 of
                 an
                 equal
                 Current
                 .
                 The
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Successor
                 is
                 easily
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 Conspiracies
                 and
                 Innovations
                 contriv'd
                 against
                 him
                 52
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Prince
                 should
                 endeavour
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 latter
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 so
                 calm
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 new
                 one
                 may
                 be
                 entred
                 on
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 hazard
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 Seamen
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 enter
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 quit
                 their
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 furl
                 their
                 Sails
                 ;
                 so
                 ought
                 he
                 to
                 close
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 by
                 laying
                 aside
                 all
                 thoughts
                 of
                 Enterprizes
                 and
                 Wars
                 ,
                 by
                 confirming
                 ancient
                 Alliances
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 new
                 ones
                 ,
                 particularly
                 with
                 his
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 that
                 Peace
                 may
                 be
                 setled
                 in
                 his
                 Realms
                 .
                 
                   
                     'T
                     is
                     no
                     less
                     worthy
                     Praise
                     ,
                     when
                     Age
                     draws
                     on
                     ,
                  
                   
                     To
                     settle
                     Peace
                     and
                     Quietness
                     at
                     Home
                     ;
                  
                   
                     That
                     no
                     Intestine
                     Broil●
                     subvert
                     the
                     State
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Or
                     pow'rful
                     Neighbours
                     War
                     without
                     create
                     .
                     *
                  
                
                 Let
                 him
                 dissemble
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 us
                 Tiberius
                 did
                 with
                 Getulicus
                 53
                 and
                 Philip
                 II.
                 with
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   de
                   Medicis
                
                 ;
                 for
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 the
                 most
                 prudent
                 Princes
                 order
                 a
                 Rainbow
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 over
                 their
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 Token
                 of
                 Peace
                 to
                 their
                 Successors
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 Lance
                 fixed
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 to
                 prompt
                 them
                 to
                 revenge
                 their
                 Quarrels
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Athenians
                 used
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 govern
                 his
                 foreign
                 Provinces
                 with
                 Counsel
                 and
                 Address
                 ,
                 not
                 Arms
                 54
                 ;
                 and
                 see
                 that
                 the
                 Governors
                 he
                 sets
                 over
                 them
                 be
                 Eloquent
                 ,
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 unexperienc'd
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 kindle
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Galba
                 55
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 compose
                 
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 reconcile
                 their
                 Differences
                 ;
                 protect
                 them
                 from
                 Inj●ries
                 ,
                 moderate
                 their
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 and
                 re●ove
                 all
                 Nor●lties
                 odiovs
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 Let
                 him
                 make
                 choice
                 of
                 prudent
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 Friends
                 to
                 peace
                 and
                 the
                 Publick
                 Quiet
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 his
                 Subjects
                 Minds
                 being
                 formed
                 to
                 Ease
                 ,
                 and
                 gentle
                 Usage
                 ,
                 will
                 promise
                 themselves
                 the
                 same
                 from
                 the
                 Successor
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 not
                 attempt
                 any
                 Innovation
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 EMBLEM
                 CI.
                 
                 
              
               
                 MAny
                 great
                 Men
                 have
                 laboured
                 ,
                 by
                 Speculation
                 and
                 Exper●ence
                 ,
                 to
                 form
                 the
                 Idea
                 of
                 a
                 Perfect
                 Prince
                 .
                 It
                 hath
                 〈…〉
                 this
                 Royal
                 Porcelain
                 ,
                 this
                 〈◊〉
                 Vessel
                 of
                 Ear●●
                 ,
                 no
                 less
                 brittle
                 than
                 others
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 more
                 subject
                 to
                 Casualties
                 than
                 any
                 ;
                 particularly
                 when
                 the
                 Potter
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 School
                 of
                 Matchiavel
                 ,
                 whence
                 all
                 come
                 out
                 distorted
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 short
                 continuance
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 was
                 which
                 he
                 laid
                 down
                 as
                 a
                 Model
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Design
                 of
                 these
                 Emblems
                 has
                 been
                 to
                 set
                 off
                 that
                 Purple
                 ,
                 whose
                 Scarlet
                 Dye
                 soon
                 turns
                 to
                 Ashes
                 ;
                 they
                 began
                 at
                 the
                 Cradle
                 ,
                 and
                 end
                 at
                 the
                 Tomb.
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 Parenthesis
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 least
                 clause
                 of
                 Time
                 includes
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 easie
                 to
                 determine
                 which
                 Hour
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 happy
                 ,
                 that
                 wherein
                 the
                 Eyes
                 are
                 open
                 to
                 the
                 Day
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 closed
                 to
                 the
                 Night
                 of
                 Death
                 1
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 one
                 is
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 our
                 Labours
                 ;
                 and
                 however
                 great
                 the
                 difference
                 may
                 be
                 betwixt
                 being
                 and
                 
                   not
                   being
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Material
                 Part
                 of
                 Man
                 only
                 feels
                 that
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 Form
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 Immortal
                 ,
                 and
                 improved
                 by
                 Death
                 .
                 The
                 Dread
                 we
                 have
                 of
                 the
                 Grave
                 is
                 natural
                 ;
                 but
                 had
                 Reason
                 more
                 influence
                 on
                 us
                 than
                 Desire
                 of
                 Living
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 rejoyce
                 at
                 the
                 fight
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 do
                 ,
                 who
                 looking
                 for
                 Treasures
                 ,
                 find
                 urns
                 ,
                 being
                 sure
                 to
                 meet
                 with
                 Riches
                 there
                 2
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Grave
                 that
                 the
                 Soul
                 finds
                 the
                 real
                 Treasure
                 of
                 Eternal
                 Rest.
                 This
                 
                   Simon
                   Maccahaeus
                
                 signified
                 by
                 that
                 Hieroglyphick
                 of
                 Ships
                 carved
                 upon
                 the
                 Pillars
                 he
                 set
                 about
                 the
                 Maus●laeum
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 and
                 Brothers
                 3
                 ;
                 intimating
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Ship
                 of
                 our
                 Life
                 floating
                 upon
                 the
                 Billows
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 is
                 never
                 quiet
                 till
                 landed
                 at
                 the
                 Shore
                 of
                 Death
                 .
                 In
                 effect
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 Life
                 but
                 a
                 perpetual
                 Fear
                 of
                 Death
                 ?
                 without
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 assure
                 us
                 of
                 its
                 continuance
                 .
                 Many
                 Signs
                 portend
                 the
                 Approach
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 not
                 one
                 exactly
                 marks
                 out
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 The
                 most
                 flourishing
                 Age
                 and
                 strongest
                 Constitution
                 are
                 not
                 sufficient
                 Sureties
                 for
                 one
                 Hour
                 of
                 Health
                 .
                 The
                 Heart
                 ,
                 which
                 performs
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Balance
                 in
                 this
                 clock
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 points
                 indeed
                 to
                 
                 the
                 present●
                 Hours
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 to
                 the
                 future
                 .
                 Nor
                 ought
                 this
                 ●ncertainty
                 to
                 be
                 termed
                 Disdain
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 a
                 Favour
                 of
                 Nature
                 ;
                 for
                 were
                 the
                 precise
                 Time
                 determined
                 for
                 Death
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 Birth
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Dissolution
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Formation
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 Man
                 would
                 become
                 Insolent
                 to
                 Reason
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 she
                 has
                 not
                 only
                 given
                 him
                 one
                 sure
                 Minute
                 to
                 breath
                 in
                 ,
                 but
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 hath
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 imaginable
                 laid
                 before
                 him
                 Evidences
                 of
                 the
                 Shortness
                 of
                 Life
                 :
                 The
                 Earth
                 represents
                 it
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Youth
                 of
                 its
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 Gray-Hairs
                 of
                 its
                 Harvests
                 ;
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Rapidness
                 of
                 its
                 Current
                 ;
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Fires
                 it
                 kindles
                 ,
                 and
                 extinguishes
                 again
                 in
                 a
                 moment
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Heavens
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Light
                 which
                 the
                 same
                 Day
                 sees
                 rise
                 in
                 the
                 golden
                 Cradle
                 of
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 Tomb
                 of
                 the
                 West
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 Death
                 be
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 all
                 Evils
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 comes
                 not
                 too
                 late
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 esteem'd
                 a
                 Happiness
                 .
                 The
                 shorter
                 the
                 Interval
                 is
                 between
                 the
                 Cradle
                 and
                 the
                 Tomb
                 ,
                 the
                 shorter
                 is
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 our
                 Labours
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Iob
                 wished
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 immediately
                 carried
                 from
                 the
                 Womb
                 of
                 his
                 Mother
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 4
                 .
                 We
                 are
                 bound
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 born
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 our
                 Life-time
                 after
                 involved
                 in
                 Care●
                 5
                 ;
                 nor
                 have
                 Kings
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 any
                 Privilege
                 above
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Mankind
                 *
                 .
                 Did
                 Humane
                 Felicity
                 consist
                 in
                 long
                 Life
                 ,
                 Man
                 would
                 undoubtedly
                 out-live
                 the
                 Stag
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 were
                 absurd
                 that
                 any
                 Creature
                 should
                 be
                 happier
                 than
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 whose
                 Service
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 created
                 6
                 .
                 That
                 Natural
                 Desire
                 we
                 have
                 of
                 seeing
                 Hours
                 pass
                 swiftly
                 away
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 Argument
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 Time
                 which
                 makes
                 our
                 Happiness
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 would
                 the
                 Mind
                 find
                 its
                 Rest
                 in
                 that
                 :
                 whatever
                 it
                 desires
                 out
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 it
                 always
                 wants
                 .
                 In
                 Princes
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 exposed
                 to
                 greater
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 Experience
                 shews
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 long
                 Life
                 
                 Fortune
                 is
                 endanger'd
                 ,
                 she
                 being
                 tired
                 as
                 much
                 with
                 being
                 propitions
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 being
                 adverse
                 .
                 Lewis
                 XI
                 .
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 happy
                 Prince
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 ended
                 his
                 Days
                 before
                 the
                 Calamities
                 of
                 his
                 last
                 Years
                 .
                 Sovereignty
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 tempestuous
                 Sea
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 calm
                 by
                 a
                 long
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 ;
                 he
                 who
                 lives
                 longest
                 ,
                 suffers
                 most
                 Storms
                 and
                 Dangers
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 End
                 and
                 Perfection
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 a
                 long
                 Life
                 is
                 happy
                 ,
                 when
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Testimony
                 of
                 Iob
                 ,
                 it
                 comes
                 into
                 the
                 Grave
                 in
                 its
                 Maturity
                 ,
                 as
                 Corn
                 into
                 the
                 Barn
                 7
                 ,
                 before
                 Decrepidness
                 makes
                 it
                 wither
                 ;
                 for
                 with
                 the
                 Shadow
                 of
                 Death
                 the
                 Vital
                 Spirits
                 congeal
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Body
                 remains
                 useless
                 .
                 The
                 Trembling
                 Hand
                 can
                 no
                 longer
                 steer
                 the
                 Helm
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 the
                 Eye
                 perceive
                 the
                 Clouds
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 Winds
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rocks
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Ear
                 hear
                 the
                 Barkings
                 of
                 Scylla
                 and
                 Carybdis
                 .
                 Amidst
                 so
                 many
                 Miseries
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 Constancy
                 fails
                 the
                 Prince
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 reduced
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Moisture
                 of
                 the
                 Senses
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 second
                 Infancy
                 ,
                 he
                 believes
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 suffers
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Malice
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 then
                 most
                 awake
                 in
                 those
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 offend
                 with
                 equal
                 Profit
                 and
                 Impunity
                 8
                 .
                 Women
                 get
                 Possession
                 of
                 his
                 Will
                 ,
                 as
                 Livia
                 did
                 of
                 
                 Augustus's
                 ,
                 when
                 she
                 made
                 him
                 banish
                 his
                 Nephew
                 Agrippa
                 9
                 ,
                 bringing
                 him
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 before
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 in
                 Peace
                 ,
                 became
                 incapable
                 of
                 ruling
                 his
                 own
                 Family
                 10
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 Majesty
                 is
                 made
                 the
                 Derision
                 of
                 all
                 Men
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Galba
                 was
                 an
                 Instance
                 11
                 Other
                 Nations
                 despise
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 not
                 afraid
                 to
                 rise
                 up
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 Arbanus
                 did
                 against
                 Tiberius
                 12
                 .
                 The
                 Authority
                 of
                 a
                 decrepid
                 Prince
                 is
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Orders
                 
                 〈…〉
                 ,
                 not
                 taken
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 13
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 hated
                 by
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 who
                 look
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 an
                 unprofitable
                 Instrument
                 ,
                 the
                 Source
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Evils
                 the
                 Government
                 suffers
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 Love
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 bred
                 by
                 interest
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 up
                 by
                 Hope
                 ,
                 all
                 make
                 slight
                 of
                 him
                 ;
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 ●ble
                 to
                 give
                 much
                 ,
                 who
                 hath
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 to
                 live
                 .
                 His
                 Empire
                 is
                 accounted
                 precarious
                 ,
                 and
                 short
                 lived
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Galba
                 was
                 14
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Goss-Hawks
                 of
                 Norway
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 get
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 lay
                 their
                 Pounces
                 upon
                 the
                 Publick
                 Trea●ures
                 ,
                 selling
                 Places
                 and
                 Favours
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Servants
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Emperor
                 did
                 15
                 .
                 When
                 therefore
                 the
                 Age
                 is
                 come
                 to
                 this
                 pass
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 has
                 more
                 need
                 of
                 Instructions
                 to
                 make
                 him
                 sensible
                 of
                 his
                 inability
                 ,
                 and
                 resign
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 to
                 his
                 Successor
                 ,
                 than
                 of
                 Precepts
                 to
                 continue
                 it
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 Let
                 not
                 Ambition
                 delude
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Representation
                 of
                 his
                 post
                 Character
                 and
                 Applause
                 ;
                 for
                 Men
                 consider
                 not
                 the
                 Prince
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 he
                 now
                 is
                 :
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 enough
                 to
                 have
                 once
                 made
                 himself
                 feared
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 cannot
                 do
                 it
                 now
                 ;
                 nor
                 to
                 have
                 governed
                 well
                 heretofore
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 neither
                 is
                 able
                 nor
                 knows
                 how
                 to
                 govern
                 well
                 still
                 .
                 Dominion
                 is
                 like
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 immediately
                 casts
                 on
                 Shore
                 all
                 unprofitable
                 Carkasses
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 is
                 esteemed
                 for
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 the
                 Soul
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 Ordains
                 ,
                 Commands
                 ,
                 Rewards
                 and
                 Punishes
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 when
                 Age
                 comes
                 to
                 discompose
                 that
                 Form
                 ,
                 the
                 Esteem
                 vanishes
                 ;
                 a●d
                 therefore
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 prudent
                 to
                 acknowledge
                 the
                 Injuries
                 and
                 Contempts
                 of
                 Age
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 slip
                 from
                 them
                 before
                 they
                 arrive
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Prince
                 and
                 Business
                 must
                 part
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 that
                 he
                 bid
                 the
                 first
                 adieu
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 glorious
                 Action
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 own
                 one's
                 Frailty
                 ,
                 and
                 voluntarily
                 divest
                 one's
                 self
                 of
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 before
                 Death
                 takes
                 it
                 away
                 by
                 Force
                 ;
                 lest
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 died
                 unknown
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 lived
                 known
                 by
                 all
                 Men.
                 He
                 should
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Royal
                 Scepter
                 is
                 like
                 the
                 Herb
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 turns
                 to
                 Worms
                 16
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 whole
                 Globe
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 Point
                 ,
                 in
                 comparison
                 of
                 the
                 Heavens
                 ;
                 What
                 will
                 one
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 one
                 Kingdom
                 be
                 ?
                 And
                 though
                 this
                 were
                 never
                 so
                 large
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 can
                 have
                 no
                 more
                 of
                 it
                 than
                 a
                 Place
                 to
                 bury
                 him
                 in
                 17
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 as
                 Saladin
                 said
                 ,
                 a
                 Shrowd
                 ,
                 without
                 carrying
                 away
                 with
                 him
                 any
                 other
                 Glory
                 .
                 The
                 Prince
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 live
                 always
                 for
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 he
                 should
                 reserve
                 some
                 Time
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 setting
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 the
                 Horizon
                 of
                 Death
                 may
                 be
                 cleared
                 from
                 the
                 Vapours
                 of
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Clouds
                 of
                 Passion
                 and
                 Interest
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 expressed
                 by
                 the
                 Sun
                 in
                 this
                 Emblem
                 ,
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Ioshua
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 a
                 Representation
                 of
                 that
                 Planet
                 was
                 raised
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 difference
                 only
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 it
                 was
                 put
                 in
                 memory
                 of
                 its
                 standing
                 still
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Voice
                 of
                 this
                 Great
                 Captain
                 18
                 ;
                 here
                 ,
                 to
                 signifie
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 a
                 Clear
                 and
                 Fair
                 Evening
                 is
                 an
                 infallible
                 Sign
                 of
                 the
                 Serenity
                 of
                 the
                 next
                 Morning
                 ,
                 so
                 a
                 Reign
                 ended
                 in
                 Sanctity
                 and
                 Happiness
                 ,
                 portends
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 a
                 to
                 succeed
                 will
                 be
                 also
                 happy
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 Reward
                 to
                 the
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 irresistible
                 Efficacy
                 of
                 this
                 last
                 Example
                 .
                 The
                 Art
                 of
                 Living
                 and
                 Dying
                 well
                 ,
                 that
                 glorious
                 Retirement
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 Va.
                 May
                 teach
                 ,
                 who
                 so
                 far
                 laid
                 aside
                 all
                 Publick
                 Cares
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 enquired
                 after
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 his
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 but
                 brought
                 his
                 great
                 Soul
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 made
                 for
                 brave
                 Atchievements
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 dressing
                 of
                 a
                 Garden
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 divert
                 the
                 Hours
                 (
                 after
                 his
                 Spiritual
                 Exercise
                 performed
                 )
                 at
                 some
                 Ingenious
                 Art
                 or
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 there
                 are
                 any
                 Disputes
                 or
                 Revolutions
                 to
                 be
                 apprehended
                 upon
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Succession
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 Prudence
                 in
                 the
                 Persons
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 King's
                 Death
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 secret
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 that
                 and
                 the
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 Successor
                 publick
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 such
                 Cases
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 like
                 a
                 Colt
                 not
                 broke
                 ,
                 which
                 suffers
                 not
                 the
                 Saddle
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 
                 〈…〉
                 sees
                 it
                 .
                 Th●●
                 Livi●
                 concealed
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 untill
                 〈◊〉
                 was
                 setled
                 in
                 his
                 〈◊〉
                 19
                 ;
                 as
                 Agrippin●
                 did
                 that
                 of
                 Claudius
                 ,
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Di●●imulation
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 after
                 his
                 Decease
                 a
                 Senate
                 was
                 convened
                 in
                 his
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 Prayers
                 offered
                 for
                 his
                 Health
                 ,
                 till
                 Time
                 was
                 gained
                 to
                 contrive
                 
                 Nero's
                 Succession
                 20
                 .
                 The
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 being
                 made
                 known
                 ,
                 neither
                 Piety
                 nor
                 Prudence
                 dissuade
                 from
                 Tears
                 ,
                 and
                 Demonstrations
                 of
                 Sorrow
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Ghost
                 ,
                 far
                 from
                 forbidding
                 ,
                 recommends
                 th●em
                 21
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Israel
                 lamented
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Abner
                 ,
                 and
                 David
                 followed
                 his
                 Corps
                 to
                 the
                 Grave
                 22
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 there
                 want
                 not
                 Christian
                 Considerations
                 to
                 comfort
                 us
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 there
                 hath
                 been
                 heretofore
                 a
                 Nation
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 less
                 enlightned
                 with
                 the
                 Rays
                 of
                 Immortality
                 ,
                 received
                 those
                 with
                 Tears
                 who
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 leave
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 went
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 Rejoycings
                 ;
                 yet
                 these
                 Reasons
                 stand
                 good
                 only
                 on
                 their
                 side
                 who
                 are
                 gone
                 to
                 a
                 better
                 Life
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 not
                 for
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 left
                 alone
                 ,
                 and
                 deprived
                 of
                 their
                 Services
                 and
                 Conversation
                 .
                 Even
                 our
                 Saviour
                 Christ
                 going
                 to
                 raise
                 Lazarus
                 ,
                 wept
                 over
                 his
                 Sepulchre
                 23
                 .
                 These
                 last
                 Expressions
                 of
                 Grief
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 denied
                 the
                 Tenderness
                 and
                 Resentments
                 of
                 Nature
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 Scales
                 wherein
                 the
                 Merit
                 of
                 the
                 deceas'd
                 Prince
                 is
                 weighed
                 ,
                 and
                 whereby
                 may
                 be
                 known
                 what
                 Value
                 his
                 Subjects
                 had
                 for
                 him
                 ;
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 the
                 Touch-stone
                 on
                 which
                 their
                 Love
                 and
                 Obedience
                 is
                 tried
                 ,
                 which
                 strengthens
                 the
                 Links
                 of
                 Subjection
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 Heart
                 to
                 the
                 Successor
                 .
                 Yet
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 obliged
                 to
                 an
                 expensive
                 Mourning
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 their
                 Prince's
                 Death
                 should
                 turn
                 to
                 a
                 burthensom
                 Tax
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 ,
                 however
                 ,
                 that
                 Funeral
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 and
                 magnificent
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 adorned
                 with
                 Statues
                 ,
                 and
                 costly
                 Imbossed
                 Works
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 look'd
                 on
                 as
                 a
                 meer
                 Vanity
                 of
                 Princes
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 
                 rather
                 a
                 generous
                 piece
                 of
                 Piety
                 ,
                 which
                 marks
                 out
                 the
                 last
                 Bounds
                 of
                 Humane
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 and
                 shews
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 wherewith
                 their
                 Ashes
                 are
                 honoured
                 ,
                 what
                 Respect
                 is
                 owing
                 to
                 Majesty
                 ;
                 Sepulchres
                 being
                 no
                 other
                 than
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 mute
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Race
                 24
                 .
                 The
                 Obsequies
                 of
                 
                   David
                   and
                   Solomon
                
                 were
                 celebrated
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Splendour
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Funerals
                 of
                 private
                 Persons
                 great
                 Care
                 is
                 required
                 ,
                 because
                 Superstitions
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 Religion
                 are
                 easily
                 introduced
                 ,
                 the
                 Imagination
                 being
                 deluded
                 in
                 what
                 is
                 hoped
                 or
                 feared
                 from
                 the
                 Deceased
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 Funeral
                 Charges
                 are
                 things
                 which
                 happen
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 concern
                 many
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 moderated
                 ,
                 Sorrow
                 and
                 Vain-glory
                 being
                 apt
                 to
                 raise
                 them
                 too
                 high
                 .
                 Plato
                 set
                 a
                 certain
                 Rate
                 upon
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 Sepulchres
                 ,
                 as
                 did
                 Solon
                 also
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 them
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 King
                 Philip
                 II.
                 made
                 a
                 Law
                 to
                 regulate
                 the
                 Abuses
                 and
                 Excesses
                 of
                 Funerals
                 and
                 Monuments
                 ;
                 saying
                 ,
                 That
                 what
                 was
                 laid
                 out
                 superfluously
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 better
                 given
                 to
                 pious
                 Uses
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 pray
                 for
                 the
                 Souls
                 of
                 the
                 Deceased
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 far
                 Your
                 Highness
                 has
                 seen
                 the
                 Birth
                 ,
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 Burial
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 whom
                 these
                 Emblems
                 form
                 ;
                 being
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 this
                 Politick
                 Edifice
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 Foundation
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Stone
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 ,
                 that
                 your
                 Highness
                 may
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 take
                 a
                 Review
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Fabrick
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 thought
                 convenient
                 to
                 subjoin
                 here
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Platform
                 thereof
                 ,
                 or
                 Looking-Glass
                 ,
                 wherein
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 represented
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 greater
                 City
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 lesser
                 .
                 This
                 shall
                 be
                 King
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                   Catholick
                
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 Your
                 Royal
                 Highnesses's
                 Ancestors
                 ;
                 in
                 whose
                 glorious
                 Reign
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Arts
                 both
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 flourished
                 ,
                 and
                 Accidents
                 both
                 of
                 prosperous
                 and
                 adverse
                 Fortune
                 occurred
                 .
                 The
                 Infancy
                 of
                 this
                 Great
                 King
                 was
                 ripe
                 and
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 his
                 Youth
                 employed
                 in
                 Military
                 Exercises
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 art
                 and
                 Industry
                 could
                 not
                 perfect
                 in
                 
                 him
                 ,
                 Experience
                 supplied
                 .
                 His
                 very
                 Leisure
                 was
                 Employment
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Diversions
                 ,
                 Attention
                 of
                 Mind
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 absolute
                 Master
                 of
                 his
                 Passions
                 ,
                 following
                 more
                 the
                 Dictates
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 Natural
                 inclinations
                 .
                 He
                 own'd
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 to
                 be
                 from
                 God
                 only
                 ;
                 and
                 gloried
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Actions
                 ,
                 not
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 .
                 He
                 look'd
                 on
                 Sovereignty
                 rather
                 as
                 a
                 Charge
                 than
                 a
                 Succession
                 .
                 He
                 qu●e●ed
                 his
                 Realms
                 by
                 Dil●gence
                 ,
                 and
                 Personal
                 Presence
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Monarchy
                 by
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 ●stabllsh'd
                 it
                 by
                 Religion
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 supported
                 it
                 by
                 Love
                 and
                 Respect
                 ,
                 embellish'd
                 it
                 with
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 enrich'd
                 it
                 by
                 Trade
                 and
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 and
                 eterniz'd
                 it
                 by
                 Maxims
                 and
                 Institutions
                 truly
                 Politick
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 King
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 his
                 Court
                 as
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 and
                 Master
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Home
                 as
                 Abroad
                 .
                 He
                 temper'd
                 his
                 Liberality
                 with
                 Frugality
                 ,
                 Affab●lity
                 with
                 Authority
                 ,
                 Modesty
                 with
                 Gravity
                 ,
                 and
                 Clemency
                 with
                 Justice
                 .
                 By
                 punishing
                 some
                 few
                 ,
                 he
                 terrified
                 many
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 rewarding
                 others
                 ,
                 he
                 encourag'd
                 the
                 Hopes
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 Personal
                 Affronts
                 he
                 easily
                 pardon'd
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 which
                 struck
                 at
                 the
                 Royal
                 Dignity
                 he
                 never
                 forgave
                 .
                 The
                 Injuries
                 done
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 he
                 reveng'd
                 as
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 behaving
                 himself
                 always
                 as
                 a
                 Father
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 valu'd
                 his
                 Glory
                 more
                 than
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ;
                 but
                 was
                 neither
                 puft
                 up
                 by
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 nor
                 dejected
                 by
                 Adversity
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 one
                 he
                 fortify'd
                 himself
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 Fortune
                 frown'd
                 ,
                 he
                 us'd
                 all
                 his
                 Industry
                 to
                 retrieve
                 her
                 Favour
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 not
                 Time
                 of
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 submitted
                 to
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 subservient
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Advantage
                 .
                 His
                 Conduct
                 render'd
                 him
                 both
                 belov'd
                 and
                 fear'd
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 He
                 gave
                 Audience
                 with
                 readiness
                 ;
                 Hearing
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 know
                 ;
                 and
                 asking
                 Questions
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 more
                 certain
                 Information
                 .
                 He
                 trusted
                 not
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 reserv'd
                 even
                 with
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
                 His
                 Friendship
                 was
                 Conv●niency
                 ;
                 his
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 Reason
                 of
                 State
                 ;
                 his
                 Confidence
                 vigilant
                 ;
                 his
                 Diffidence
                 considerate
                 ;
                 his
                 Providence
                 ,
                 Assurance
                 ;
                 his
                 Jealousy
                 ,
                 Circumspection
                 ;
                 his
                 Malice
                 ,
                 a
                 Defence
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Dissimulation
                 ,
                 a
                 Refuge
                 .
                 He
                 deceived
                 none
                 ,
                 yet
                 others
                 were
                 deceived
                 by
                 the
                 Ambiguity
                 
                 of
                 his
                 Words
                 and
                 Treaties
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 manage
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Artifice
                 (
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 necessary
                 to
                 baffle
                 Malice
                 with
                 Prudence
                 )
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 extricate
                 himself
                 without
                 violating
                 the
                 Publick
                 Faith.
                 Neither
                 Falshood
                 dared
                 attack
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 nor
                 Flattery
                 his
                 Knowledge
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 his
                 Ministers
                 serviceable
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 without
                 making
                 them
                 Favourites
                 ;
                 and
                 suffer'd
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 counsel'd
                 ,
                 not
                 govern'd
                 by
                 them
                 .
                 What
                 he
                 could
                 do
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 not
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 He
                 took
                 Time
                 for
                 Consultation
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 very
                 Expeditious
                 in
                 Execution
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 Resolutions
                 the
                 Effects
                 were
                 seen
                 sooner
                 than
                 the
                 Causes
                 .
                 He
                 conceal'd
                 his
                 Designs
                 from
                 his
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 desir'd
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 deceiv'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 more
                 effectually
                 persuade
                 others
                 the
                 contrary
                 .
                 He
                 knew
                 how
                 to
                 rule
                 with
                 his
                 Queen
                 ,
                 and
                 obey
                 his
                 Son-in-Law
                 .
                 He
                 imposed
                 Taxes
                 through
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 not
                 out
                 of
                 Avarice
                 and
                 Luxury
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 he
                 then
                 took
                 from
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 he
                 afterwards
                 restor'd
                 ,
                 respecting
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 Jurisdiction
                 ,
                 and
                 maintaining
                 the
                 Regal
                 .
                 He
                 kept
                 no
                 fixed
                 Court
                 ,
                 but
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 mov'd
                 continually
                 about
                 the
                 Orbs
                 of
                 his
                 Realms
                 .
                 He
                 manag'd
                 Peace
                 with
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 and
                 prosecuted
                 War
                 with
                 Force
                 and
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 neither
                 desiring
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 nor
                 refusing
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Whatsoever
                 his
                 Foot
                 was
                 fixed
                 on
                 ,
                 his
                 Arm
                 and
                 Conduct
                 join'd
                 in
                 the
                 Defecne
                 thereof
                 ,
                 encreasing
                 his
                 Strength
                 by
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 He
                 did
                 as
                 much
                 by
                 his
                 Negotiations
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 never
                 committing
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 what
                 he
                 could
                 conquer
                 by
                 Address
                 .
                 he
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Ostentation
                 of
                 his
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Pomp
                 in
                 the
                 Bravery
                 of
                 his
                 Battalions
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 always
                 present
                 ,
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 within
                 his
                 Kingdoms
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Orders
                 which
                 he
                 gave
                 ,
                 he
                 observ'd
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 made
                 Leagues
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 remain
                 Arbiter
                 ,
                 not
                 subject
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 neither
                 exalted
                 when
                 Conqueror
                 ;
                 nor
                 when
                 beaten
                 ,
                 dispirited
                 .
                 He
                 Sign'd
                 Treaties
                 of
                 Peace
                 under
                 the
                 Shield
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 He
                 liv'd
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 dy'd
                 to
                 himself
                 ;
                 yet
                 always
                 remaining
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 .
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 absolute
                 Pattern
                 for
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 Immortalizing
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Desire
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 
                   
                     
                       THis
                       naked
                       Skull
                       of
                       Death
                       ,
                       the
                       dismal
                       Sc●●e
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Which
                       now
                       the
                       simple
                       Spider
                       measures
                       o're
                    
                     
                       WIth
                       its
                       slight
                       Web
                       ;
                       which
                       baffled
                       heretofore
                    
                     
                       The
                       nicest
                       Subteilties
                       of
                       Humane
                       Brain
                       ,
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Once
                       wore
                       a
                       〈◊〉
                       ,
                       and
                       triumphant
                       stood
                       ,
                    
                     
                       As
                       Monarch
                       of
                       the
                       〈◊〉
                       of
                       Peace
                       and
                       War
                       :
                    
                     
                       His
                       Smiles
                       gave
                       Life
                       ;
                       his
                       Anger
                       dire
                       Despair
                       ;
                    
                     
                       And
                       all
                       the
                       World
                       depended
                       on
                       its
                       Nod.
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       What
                       oncee
                       gave
                       proudly
                       Laws
                       to
                       War
                       and
                       Peace
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Spiders
                       and
                       Ear-wigs
                       do
                       now
                       possess
                       .
                    
                     
                       Why
                       then
                       this
                       Pride
                       ,
                       O
                       Princes
                       ,
                       since
                       the
                       Grave
                    
                     
                       Makes
                       no
                       Distinction
                       'twixt
                       the
                       Base
                       and
                       Brave
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Betwixt
                       the
                       mighty
                       Prince
                       and
                       wretched
                       Slave
                       ?
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   On
                   the
                   Author
                   and
                   his
                   Book
                   ,
                   in
                   Allusion
                   to
                   the
                   EMBLEM
                   .
                
                 
                   WHither
                   so
                   fast
                   ,
                   vain
                   Man
                   ?
                   'fore
                   out
                   of
                   breath
                   ,
                
                 
                   Stop
                   ,
                   and
                   behold
                   this
                   lively
                   Scene
                   of
                   Death
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Head
                   thou
                   seest
                   was
                   Great
                   
                   Saavedra's
                   once
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   greater
                   Name
                   no
                   Rhetorick
                   can
                   pronounce
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   Piety
                   with
                   Policy
                   were
                   join'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   Honour
                   ,
                   Sence
                   and
                   Learning
                   were
                   combin'd
                
                 
                   False
                   Machiavilian
                   Notions
                   to
                   convince
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   form
                   at
                   oncea
                   Wise
                   and
                   Vertuous
                   Prince
                   .
                
                 
                   Where
                   now
                   ,
                   alas
                   !
                   Worms
                   having
                   eat
                   it
                   bare
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Death-watch
                   Spiders
                   spread
                   their
                   curious
                   Hair
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   with
                   their
                   Bowels
                   nobly
                   re-interr
                   ,
                
                 
                   Scepters
                   and
                   Crowns
                   here
                   tumbled
                   down
                   you
                   see
                   ;
                
                 
                   A
                   trifling
                   Lose
                   to
                   one
                   so
                   Great
                   as
                   He
                   :
                
                 
                   But
                   since
                   this
                   Work
                   remains
                   ,
                   the
                   World
                   may
                   cry
                   ,
                
                 
                   Death
                   ,
                   where
                   's
                   thy
                   Sting
                   ?
                   Grave
                   ,
                   where
                   's
                   thy
                   Victory
                   ?
                
                 
                   FINIS
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A58845-e750
           
             1
             Praecipere
             qualis
             debeat
             esse
             princeps
             ,
             pulchrum
             quidem
             ,
             &
             generosum
             ,
             &
             prope
             superbum
             .
             
               Plin.
               Jun
               ▪
               lib.
               3.
               
               Epist.
            
             18.
             
          
           
             2
             Numb
             .
             21.
             
          
           
             3
             Exodus
             3.
             
          
           
             4
             Judges
             6.
             
          
           
             5
             Judges
             14.
             
          
           
             6
             Exodus
             28.
             
          
           
             7
             Song
             of
             Solomon
             .
          
           
             8
             Psalm
             12.
             7.
             
             The
             Words
             of
             the
             Lord
             are
             pure
             Words
             ;
             as
             Silver
             tried
             in
             a
             Furnace
             of
             Earth
             ,
             purified
             seven
             times
             .
          
           
             9
             Brevis
             esse
             laboro
             obscurus
             fi●
             ,
             Hor.
             
          
           
             10
             Tac.
             4.
             ann
             .
             Qui
             ob
             similitudinem
             al●ena
             malefacta
             sibi
             objectari
             putant
             .
          
           
             11
             Tac.
             4.
             ●ist
             .
          
           
             12
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             †
             Estafermos
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58845-e1290
           
             1
             The
             first
             Edition
             that
             I
             know
             of
             ,
             was
             at
             
               Munster
               ,
               Anno
            
             1642.
             which
             being
             near
             six
             .
             Year
             before
             the
             Conclusion
             of
             the
             Peace
             there
             ,
             may
             serve
             as
             some
             Apology
             for
             the
             Author's
             Reflections
             on
             the
             Princes
             of
             Orange
             ,
             and
             other
             Heroes
             of
             the
             Adverse
             Party
             .
          
           
             2
             Nic.
             Antonio's
             Bibliotheca
             Scrip.
             Hispan
             .
             Miraeu●'s
             Bibliotheca
             Ecclesiast
             .
             Moreri
             '
             
               s
               Great
               Dictionary
            
          
           
             3
             Mariana
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             Turquet
             .
             Roderick
             Geneb
             .
             Spond
             .
             Bzovi●s
             .
          
           
             4
             Sir
             Iohn
             Denham●
             
          
           
             5
             Bochartus's
             Geograph
             ▪
             Sacra
             .
             Phaleg
             ,
             lib.
             c.
             1.
             
             Canaan
             ,
             lib.
             1.
             c.
             35.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58845-e6960
           
             1
             And
             the
             Children
             ●●ruggled
             together
             within
             her
             ,
             Gen.
             25.
             22.
             
          
           
             2
             And
             it
             came
             to
             pass
             when
             she
             travailed
             ,
             that
             the
             one
             put
             o●●●
             his
             ha●d
             first
             ,
             Genes
             .
             38.
             28.
             
          
           
             3
             Hast
             thou
             Children
             ,
             instruct
             them
             .
             Eccles.
             7.
             23.
             
          
           
             4
             Educat●
             siquidem
             recte
             à
             parentibus
             ,
             per
             sancto●
             &
             justos
             mores
             boni
             merito
             ●vadent
             .
             Arist●t
             .
             Oecon.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             5
             Wisdom
             exal●eth
             her
             Children
             .
             Eccles.
             4.
             12.
             
          
           
             6
             He
             was
             the
             Father
             of
             all
             such
             as
             handle
             the
             harp
             and
             Organ
             ,
             Gen.
             4.
             21.
             
          
           
             7
             My
             ●on
             give
             me
             thine
             heart
             ,
             and
             let
             thine
             Eyes
             observe
             my
             ways
             .
             Pr●v
             .
             23.
             26.
             
          
           
             8
             For
             I
             was
             my
             Father's
             Son
             ,
             tender
             and
             only
             belov'd
             of
             my
             Mother
             ;
             he
             taught
             me
             also
             ,
             and
             said
             ,
             Let
             thine
             heart
             retain
             my
             words
             .
             Prov.
             4.
             3.
             
          
           
             9
             Quarendi
             sunt
             liberis
             Magistri
             ,
             quorum
             &
             inculpata
             sit
             ●ita
             &
             mo●e●
             .
             
               Plut.
               de
               Educ
            
             .
          
           
             10
             Vtque
             Do●itii
             jueritia
             tali
             Magistro
             adolesceret
             ;
             &
             co●siliis
             ejusdem
             ad
             spem
             domination●s
             uteretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               12.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             11
             And
             he
             made
             him
             Lord
             of
             his
             house
             ,
             and
             ruler
             of
             his
             substance
             :
             To
             bi●d
             his
             Princes
             at
             his
             pleasure
             :
             and
             teach
             his
             Sena●ours
             wisdom
             ,
             Psal.
             105.
             21
             ,
             22.
             
          
           
             12
             Bow
             down
             his
             neck
             while
             he
             is
             young
             ,
             and
             beat
             him
             on
             the
             sides
             while
             he
             is
             a
             Child
             ,
             least
             he
             wax
             stubborn
             ,
             and
             be
             disobedient
             to
             thee
             ,
             and
             so
             bring
             sorrow
             to
             thine
             heart
             .
             Eccles.
             30.
             12.
             
          
           
             13
             I●
             is
             good
             for
             a
             Man
             that
             he
             bear
             the
             Yoke
             in
             his
             Youth
             ,
             he
             sitteth
             alone
             ,
             and
             keepeth
             silence
             ,
             because
             he
             hath
             born
             it
             upon
             him
             ,
             Lam.
             3.
             27
             ,
             28.
             
          
           
             14
             They
             four
             had
             also
             the
             face
             of
             an
             Eagle
             .
             Ezek.
             1.
             10.
             
          
           
             15
             Train
             up
             thy
             child
             in
             the
             way
             he
             should
             go
             :
             and
             when
             he
             is
             old
             he
             will
             not
             depart
             from
             it
             .
             Prov.
             22.
             6.
             
          
           
             16
             Nutritur
             puer
             non
             à
             Muliere
             n●trice
             parum
             honorifica
             ,
             verum
             ab
             Eunuchis
             ,
             qui
             reliquorum
             circa
             Reem
             optimi
             videantur
             ,
             
               Plur.
               primo
               A●cib
            
             .
          
           
             17
             I●venes
             non
             s●nt
             maligni
             moris
             ,
             sed
             facilis
             moris
             ,
             propterea
             quod
             nondum
             vi●●●nt
             〈…〉
             .
          
           
             18
             Caeterum
             ne
             propter
             teneritatem
             membra
             torqueantur
             ,
             nationes
             quibusd●●
             artificiosis
             instr●mentis
             utebantur
             .
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               7.
               
               Pol.
               cap.
            
             17.
             
          
           
             1
             Omnibus
             natura
             fundamenta
             dedit
             ,
             semenque
             virtutum
             ,
             omnes
             ad
             ista
             omnia
             nati
             sum●s
             ;
             cum
             irritator
             accessit
             ,
             ●unc
             i●●a
             ●●ni●●
             bona
             ,
             velu●
             sopita
             excitantur
             .
             
               Sen.
               Epist.
            
             10.
             
          
           
             2
             Ex
             hoc
             posse
             cog●●s●●
             animas
             immortales
             esse
             ,
             atque
             divinas
             ,
             quod
             in
             pueris
             mobilia
             sunt
             ingenia
             ,
             &
             ad
             p●●●●piendum
             facilia
             .
             
               Plat.
               de
               A●
            
             .
          
           
             3
             Homo
             rectam
             nactus
             institutionem
             divinissimum
             mansuetissimumque
             animal
             effici
             solet
             ;
             si
             vero
             ,
             vel
             non
             sufficienter
             ,
             vel
             non
             benè
             educetur
             ,
             eorum
             quae
             terraprogen●it
             ,
             ferocissimum
             .
             
               Plat.
               lib.
               3.
               de
               leg
            
             .
          
           
             4
             Educatio
             ,
             &
             institutio
             commoda
             ,
             natur
             as
             bonas
             inducit
             ,
             &
             rursum
             bonae
             naturae
             si
             talem
             institutionem
             consequantu●
             ,
             meliores
             adhuc
             &
             praestantiores
             eva●ere
             s●imus
             .
             
               Plat.
               Dial.
               4
               de
               Leg.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Cuncta
             igitu●
             mala
             ,
             sed
             ea
             maximè
             quae
             turpitudinem
             ●abent
             vel
             ●dium
             parent
             ,
             sunt
             procul
             à
             pu●ris
             removend
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               7.
               c.
            
             17.
             
          
           
             6
             Nam
             f●cile
             turpia
             loquendo
             ,
             efficitur
             ut
             homines
             his
             proxima
             facient
             :
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               7.
               c.
            
             17.
             
          
           
             7
             Coram
             quâ
             neque
             dicere
             fas
             e
             at
             ,
             quod
             turpe
             dictu
             ,
             neque
             facere
             quod
             inhonest●●
             fact●
             vi●eretur
             .
             
               Quint.
               dial
               .
               de
               ora●
            
             .
          
           
             8
             Quo
             disciplina
             ,
             ac
             severitas
             ●o
             pertimebat
             ,
             ut
             sincera
             &
             integra
             ,
             &
             nullis
             pravitatibus
             detorta
             uni●scujusque
             natura
             toto
             statim
             pectore
             arri●ere●
             artes
             honestas
             .
             
               Quin●il
               .
               Ibid.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Nec
             quisquam
             in
             tota
             domo
             pensi
             habet
             qui●●
             coram
             infante
             domino
             ,
             aut
             dicat
             aut
             faciat
             ;
             quando
             etiam
             ipsi
             parente●
             nec
             probit●i
             neque
             modestiae
             ●arvulos
             assue●ac●unt
             ,
             sed
             lasciviae
             ,
             &
             liberta●i
             .
             
               Quint.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Neque
             enim
             auribus
             jucunda
             convenit
             dicere
             ,
             sed
             ex
             quo
             aliquis
             gloriosus
             fiat
             .
             
               Eurip.
               in
               Hippol.
            
             
          
           
             11
             P●ona
             in
             eu●
             au●●
             Neronis
             ut
             similem
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             H●st
             .
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             †
             Mac.
             Hist
             His.
             
          
           
             12
             Amicorum
             ,
             libertorumque
             ubi
             in
             b●nos
             incidisset
             ,
             sine
             reprehensione
             patiens
             .
             si
             mali
             f●rent
             ,
             usque
             ad
             culpam
             igna●us
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Cum
             autem
             ne
             quis
             talia
             loquatur
             prohibetur
             ,
             satis
             intelligitur
             vetari
             ,
             ●e
             turpes
             ,
             vel
             picturas
             vel
             fabulas
             spectet
             .
             
               Arist.
               7
               Pol.
               cap.
            
             17.
             
          
           
             14
             Quo
             facilius
             lubricam
             Principis
             aetatem
             ,
             si
             ver●tutem
             asper
             nare●ur
             ,
             voluptatibus
             concessus
             ,
             retineret
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Est
             etiam
             utile
             s●atim
             ab
             ineunte
             aetate
             frigoribus
             assuescere
             ,
             hoc
             〈◊〉
             tum
             ad
             v●letudinem
             ,
             tum
             ad
             munera
             milita●ia
             commod●ssimum
             est
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               7.
               cap
            
             17.
             
          
           
             2
             I
             will
             give
             Children
             to
             be
             their
             Princes
             ,
             and
             B●b●s
             to
             rule
             over
             them
             ,
             Isa●
             .
             3.
             4.
             
          
           
             3
             Vt
             suesceret
             ,
             Militi●e
             ,
             s●udiaque
             exercitui
             pararet
             ,
             si●ul
             juventutem
             urban●
             luxu
             lascivientem
             medus
             in
             castris
             haber●
             Tiberi●s
             ,
             s●que
             〈◊〉
             rebatur
             ,
             utroque
             filio
             legiones
             obtinente
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             4
             And
             when
             he
             stood
             among
             the
             people
             ,
             he
             was
             higher
             than
             any
             of
             the
             people
             from
             the
             shoulders
             upwards
             ,
             1
             Sam.
             10.
             22.
             
          
           
             5
             Ipsa
             ●tas
             Galbae
             &
             irrisui
             &
             fastidio
             erat
             assuetis
             juventae
             Neronis
             ,
             &
             Imperatores
             forma
             &
             decore
             corporis
             ,
             (
             ut
             est
             mos
             vulgi
             )
             comparantibus
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Augebat
             famam
             ipsius
             decor
             oris
             cum
             quadam
             Majestate
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Commend
             not
             a
             Man
             for
             his
             beauty
             ,
             neither
             abhor
             a
             man
             for
             his
             outward
             appearance
             .
             Eccles.
             11.
             2.
             
          
           
             8
             Species
             enim
             corporis
             simulacrum
             est
             men●is
             ,
             figuraque
             probitatis
             .
             
               Ambr.
               2.
               de
               vir
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Cant.
             7.
             7.
             
          
           
             11
             Studia
             exe
             citus
             raro
             c●iquam
             b●●is
             ar●ibus
             quaes●ta
             ,
             perinde
             ad
             fuere
             quam
             ●uic
             per
             ignaviam
             .
             
               Tac.
               3
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Pers●●●
             Principis
             non
             solum
             animis
             ,
             sed
             etiam
             oculis
             servire
             debet
             ●●vium
             .
             
               Cic.
               Phil.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             13
             H●c
             cobors
             ,
             velut
             seminari●m
             Ducum
             ,
             Praesect●
             u●que
             apud
             Macedonas
             fu●
             .
             Curt.
             
          
           
             14
             Nam
             &
             sylvae
             solitudo
             ,
             ipsumque
             illud
             silentium
             quod
             venationi
             da●ur
             ,
             magna
             cogitationis
             incitamenta
             sunt
             .
             
               Plin.
               lib.
               1.
               
               Epist.
               ad
               Cor.
               Tac.
               
            
          
           
             15
             Nam
             simul
             mentem
             &
             corpus
             laboribus
             fatigare
             non
             convenit
             ,
             quon●am
             bi
             labores
             contrariarum
             rerum
             efficientes
             sunt
             .
             Labo●
             enim
             corp●●is
             menti
             est
             impedimento
             ,
             mentis
             ●utem
             corpori
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               8.
               
               C.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             1
             Praeest
             autem
             naturae
             ,
             qui
             valet
             intelligentia
             praevidere
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               1.
               
               C●p.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             2
             Imperatoriam
             Majestatem
             no●
             solum
             armis
             decoratam
             ,
             s●d
             etiam
             legibus
             oportet
             esse
             armatam
             ,
             ut
             u●rumque
             tempus
             &
             belli
             &
             pacis
             recte
             possit
             gubernari
             .
             
               Ju●●
               .
               in
               prooem
               .
               Inst.
               
            
          
           
             3
             Ex
             libris
             se
             arma
             ,
             &
             armorum
             Iura
             didi●isse
             .
             
               Panorm
               .
               lib.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             4
             E●si
             prudentia
             quosdam
             impetus
             à
             natura
             suma●
             tamen
             perficienda
             doctrinâ
             est
             .
             
               Quint.
               lib.
               12.
               
               C.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             5
             Omni
             animali
             facilius
             imperabi●
             quam
             homini
             ,
             ideo
             sapientissimum
             esse
             oportet
             ,
             qui
             hominibus
             regere
             ve●it
             .
             Xenoph.
             
          
           
             6
             Null●s
             est
             ,
             cu●
             sapientia
             magis
             conveniat
             ,
             quam
             Principi
             ,
             cujus
             doctrina
             omnibus
             debet
             prodesse
             subditis
             .
             Veget.
             
          
           
             7
             Wisd.
             5.
             26.
             
          
           
             8
             Eccl.
             10.
             3
             
          
           
             9
             Eam
             vocem
             b●vis
             esse
             ,
             non
             ●ominis
             .
             
               Panorm
               .
               lib.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             †
             lib.
             16
             c.
             5.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             10
             Hebetiores
             quam
             acutiores
             ut
             plurimum
             melius
             Rempub.
             administrant
             .
             
               Thucyd.
               lib.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             11
             I
             gave
             my
             Heart
             to
             search
             out
             by
             Wisdom
             ,
             concerning
             all
             things
             that
             are
             done
             under
             Heaven
             :
             This
             sore
             Travail
             hath
             God
             given
             to
             the
             Sons
             of
             Men
             ,
             to
             be
             exercised
             with
             ▪
             ●●●les
             .
             1.
             13.
             
          
           
             12
             Sunt
             enim
             quaedam
             ex
             liberalibus
             scientiis
             quos
             usque
             ad
             aliquid
             discere
             honestius
             sit
             ,
             penitus
             vero
             illis
             tradere
             atque
             usque
             ad
             extremum
             persequi
             velle
             ,
             valde
             noxium
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               8.
               Pol.
            
             
          
           
             13
             sed
             in
             prima
             juventa
             studium
             Philosophiae
             acrius
             quam
             concessum
             Rom.
             ●c
             senat●ri
             hausisse
             ,
             ni
             prudentia
             matris
             incensum
             ac
             flagrantem
             animum
             coercuisset
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               v●t
               .
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Retinuitque
             quod
             d●fficillimum
             est
             ex
             sapientia
             modum
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             15
             Ingenium
             illustre
             altioribus
             studiis
             juvenis
             admodum
             dedit
             ,
             non
             ut
             plerique
             ,
             ut
             nomine
             magnifico
             orium
             velaret
             ,
             sed
             quo
             firmior
             adversu●
             fo●tuita
             Rempub
             ▪
             ●apesseret
             .
             
               Ta●
               .
               lib
               4.
               
               Hist.
               
            
          
           
             16
             Psal.
             100.
             10.
             
          
           
             17
             O
             my
             Lord
             ,
             I
             am
             not
             eloquent
             ,
             neither
             heretofore
             ,
             nor
             since
             thou
             hast
             spoken
             to
             thy
             Servant
             :
             I
             am
             but
             slow
             of
             speech
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             slow
             tongue
             .
             Exod
             4.
             10.
             
          
           
             18
             I
             will
             be
             in
             thy
             mou●h
             ,
             an●
             teach
             thee
             what
             thou
             shalt
             say
             .
             Exod.
             4.
             12.
             
          
           
             19
             Wisd.
             8.
             12.
             
          
           
             20
             Primus
             ex
             iis
             ,
             qui
             rerum
             po●iti
             essent
             ,
             Neronem
             alienae
             facundi●
             eguisse
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             21
             Verissmam
             disciplinam
             ,
             ●●ercitationemque
             ad
             politicas
             actiones
             ,
             Historiam
             esse
             .
             
               Polyb.
               lib.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             22
             Hominum
             multorum
             m●ns
             in
             unum
             collecta
             .
             
               Greg.
               Naz.
               ad
               Nicom
               ▪
            
          
           
             1
             Psa●m
             8●
             .
             6.
             
          
           
             2
             I●aque
             ludi
             magna
             ex
             parte
             imitationes
             esse
             debent
             earum
             rerum
             ,
             qu●
             se●io
             postea
             obeunde
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               7.
               c.
            
             17.
             
          
           
             3
             A
             wise
             Man
             will
             hear
             ,
             and
             will
             inc●ease
             Learning
             ;
             and
             a
             Man
             of
             understanding
             shall
             attain
             unto
             wise
             Counsel
             .
             Prov.
             1.
             5.
             
          
           
             4
             Eccl.
             39.
             3.
             
          
           
             5
             Mihi
             videtur
             ars
             artium
             &
             scientia
             scientiarum
             ,
             nominem
             ▪
             regere
             ,
             animal
             tam
             varium
             &
             multiplex
             .
             
               Greg.
               Naz.
               in
               Apolog.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Thy
             Belly
             is
             like
             an
             heap
             of
             Whea●
             ,
             set
             about
             with
             Lilies
             ,
             ●ant
             .
             7.
             2.
             
          
           
             2
             And
             upon
             the
             tops
             of
             the
             Pillars
             was
             Lily-work
             ,
             so
             was
             the
             Work
             of
             the
             Pillars
             finished
             .
             1
             Kings
             7.
             22.
             
          
           
             3
             Exod.
             25.
             31.
             
          
           
             4
             Spicae
             nomine
             ,
             at
             ego
             quidem
             sentio
             ,
             discipulorum
             caetum
             intellexit
             .
             
               Procop.
               in
               c.
               17.
               
               Isa.
               
            
          
           
             5
             His
             Lips
             like
             Lilies
             dropping
             sweet
             smelling
             Myrrh
             .
             Cant.
             5.
             13.
             
          
           
             6
             Diadema
             eximium
             impretiabilis
             not●●ia
             literarum
             ,
             per
             quam
             dum
             veterum
             providentia
             discitur
             ,
             regalis
             dignitas
             augetur
             .
             
               Cassi.
               12.
               
               Var.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             7
             Nec
             cuiqua●
             judici
             grave
             ,
             au●es
             studiis
             honestis
             &
             voluptatibus
             concessis
             impartire
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Nec
             luxus
             in
             juvene
             adeo
             displicehat
             :
             hoc
             potius
             intenderet
             ,
             diem
             ●difica●i●nibus
             ,
             noctem
             conviviis
             ●●a●ere●
             ;
             quam
             solus
             &
             nullis
             voluptati●us
             avocatus
             ,
             〈…〉
             &
             malas
             curas
             exercer●t
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Haec
             tria
             ad
             discipl
             nam
             spectari
             ●portet
             ,
             at
             medium
             tenea●ur
             ,
             ut
             fieri
             〈◊〉
             ut
             deceat
             .
          
           
             10
             Vile
             autem
             exerciti●m
             putandum
             est
             ,
             &
             Ars
             ,
             &
             Discipl●na
             ,
             quae●
             〈◊〉
             co●pus
             ,
             aut
             animam
             ,
             aut
             ment●m
             liberi
             hominis
             ad
             ●sum
             ,
             &
             ●pem
             vi●tutis
             inutilem
             reddant
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               8.
               cap.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             11
             Be
             not
             curious
             in
             unnecessary
             matters
             ;
             for
             more
             things
             are
             shewed
             unto
             thee
             ,
             than
             men
             understand
             .
             Eccl
             3.
             24.
             
          
           
             12
             What
             is
             richer
             than
             wisdom
             that
             worketh
             all
             things
             ?
             And
             if
             prudence
             work
             ;
             who
             of
             all
             that
             are
             is
             a
             more
             cunning
             workman
             than
             shee
             ?
             Wisd.
             8.
             5.
             
          
           
             13
             And
             he
             spake
             of
             Trees
             ,
             from
             the
             Cedar-tree
             that
             is
             in
             Lebanon
             ,
             even
             unto
             the
             Hysop
             ,
             that
             springeth
             out
             of
             the
             Wa●l
             .
             1
             Kings
             4.
             33.
             
          
           
             1
             Si
             recludantur
             tyrannorum
             mentes
             ,
             posse
             aspici
             laniatus
             ,
             &
             ictus
             ,
             quando
             ,
             ut
             corpora
             verberibus
             ,
             ita
             saevitia
             ,
             libidine
             ,
             malis
             consultis
             animus
             dilaceretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             2
             Omnia
             namque
             ejus
             ,
             quod
             speciem
             boni
             praefert
             gratiâ
             omnes
             agunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               1.
               
               Cap.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             3
             Pauci
             prudentia
             ,
             honesta
             à
             deterior●bus
             ,
             uttlia
             ab
             noxiis
             discernunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               Lib.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             4
             James
             1.
             5.
             
          
           
             5
             Regum
             est
             ita
             vivere
             ,
             ut
             non
             modo
             homini
             sed
             ne
             cupiditati
             quidem
             serviant
             .
             
               M.
               Tull.
               in
               Orat.
               Syll.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Null●
             magis
             exterritus
             est
             ,
             quam
             quod
             Tiberium
             sine
             miserat●ne
             ,
             sine
             ira
             obstinatum
             ,
             ●lau●umque
             vidit
             ,
             ne
             quo
             affectu
             perumperetur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             7
             〈◊〉
             est
             sapere
             ,
             qui
             ,
             ubicumque
             opus
             sit
             ,
             ani●●um
             possis
             flectere
             .
             Terent.
             
          
           
             8
             
               Tempo●i
               ap●ari
               decet
            
             .
             Sen.
             in
             M●d.
             
          
           
             9
             Ha●d
             f●cile
             q●i
             despexerit
             illa
             ,
             in
             c●gni●●sne
             mentem
             Principis
             ;
             〈…〉
             misouit
             ●ra
             &
             ●lementiae
             signa
             .
             
               Tac.
               3
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Pulchra
             virtus
             est
             verecundia
             ,
             &
             suavis
             gratia
             ,
             quae
             non
             solum
             in
             factis
             ,
             sed
             etiam
             in
             ipsis
             spectatur
             sermonibus
             ,
             ne
             modum
             praetergrediaris
             lo●uendi
             ,
             ne
             quid
             indecorum
             sermo
             resonet
             tuus
             .
             
               St.
               Ambros.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Quorundam
             parum
             idonea
             est
             verecundia
             rebus
             civilibus
             ,
             quae
             firmam
             frontem
             desiderant
             .
             Seneca
             .
          
           
             12
             Vix
             artibus
             honestis
             retinetur
             pudor
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Postremo
             in
             scelera
             s●●ul
             ac
             dedeco●a
             prorupit
             ,
             postquam
             remoto
             pudore
             &
             ●etu
             ,
             suo
             tantum
             ●ngento
             utebat●r
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Principatu●
             enim
             proprium
             est
             mise●eri
             .
             
               St.
               Chrys.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Non
             desiderat
             fortitudo
             advocatam
             iram
             .
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             2
             Quid
             enim
             ●●●ltuis
             est
             ,
             quam
             hanc
             ab
             i●
             acundia
             petere
             praesidium
             ,
             rem
             stabilem
             ab
             in●ertâ
             ,
             fidelem
             ab
             infidâ
             sanam
             ab
             aegra
             ?
             Senec.
             
          
           
             3
             The
             W●ath
             of
             Kings
             is
             as
             Messengers
             of
             Death
             .
             Prov.
             16.
             14.
             
          
           
             †
             L.
             10.
             tit
             .
             p
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             L.
             tit
             .
             5
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             4
             Idque
             vitae
             spatium
             damnatis
             prorogaretur
             ,
             sed
             non
             senatui
             libertas
             ad
             poenitendum
             erat
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             5
             N●que
             Tiberius
             interjectu
             temporis
             mitigabatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Esth.
             1.
             2.
             
          
           
             7
             Let
             every
             man
             be
             swift
             to
             hear
             ,
             slow
             to
             ●●ak
             ,
             flow
             to
             wrath
             .
             Iames
             1.
             19.
             
          
           
             8
             Nunc
             Iras●i
             ●onven●
             ,
             justitiae
             〈◊〉
             .
             
               S●ob
               .
               Serm.
            
             20.
             
          
           
             9
             Lord
             remember
             David
             and
             all
             his
             Afflictions
             ,
             
               Lat.
               Vers.
               〈◊〉
               suetudinis
               ejus
            
             .
             Psal.
             131.
             1.
             
          
           
             10
             I
             have
             found
             David
             ,
             the
             So●
             Iesse
             ,
             a
             Man
             after
             mine
             own
             heart
             .
             Acts
             13.
             22.
             
          
           
             11
             And
             it
             〈◊〉
             to
             pass
             afterwards
             that
             
             David's
             heart
             smote
             him
             ,
             because
             he
             had
             〈◊〉
             off
             
             Saul's
             Skirt
             ▪
             1
             Sam.
             24.
             5.
             
          
           
             12
             2
             Sam.
             12.
             31.
             
          
           
             13
             Esth.
             ●
             24.
             
          
           
             14
             Because
             the
             Syrians
             have
             said
             ,
             the
             Lord
             is
             the
             God
             of
             the
             Hills
             ,
             but
             he
             is
             not
             God
             of
             the
             Vallies
             ;
             therefore
             will
             I
             deliver
             this
             great
             multitude
             into
             thine
             hand
             ,
             and
             ye
             shall
             know
             that
             I
             am
             the
             Lord
             ,
             1
             Kings
             20.
             28.
             
          
           
             15
             Nam
             si
             legatus
             officii
             terminos
             ,
             obsequium
             erga
             Imperatorem
             exuit
             ,
             ejusdemque
             morte
             ,
             &c.
             luctu
             meo
             laetatus
             est
             ,
             odero
             :
             seponamque
             ●
             domo
             meâ
             &
             privatas
             inimicitias
             ,
             non
             Principis
             ,
             ulciscar
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Marian.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             lib.
             24.
             cap.
             16.
             
          
           
             16
             A
             Fool
             's
             wrath
             is
             presently
             known
             ;
             but
             a
             prudent
             Man
             covereth
             shame
             .
             
               Lat.
               Vers.
               Injuriam
               dissimulat
               .
               Prov.
            
             12.
             16.
             
          
           
             17
             Cuncta
             tamen
             ad
             Imperato●em
             in
             mallius
             relata
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Isaiah
             6.
             1.
             
          
           
             19
             Revel
             .
             6.
             16.
             
          
           
             20
             Gen.
             19.
             26.
             
          
           
             1
             Envy
             is
             the
             rottenness
             of
             the
             Bones
             ,
             Prov.
             14.
             30.
             
          
           
             2
             Insita
             mortalibus
             natura
             ,
             recentem
             aliorum
             soelicitatem
             aegris
             〈◊〉
             intr●spicere
             ,
             modumque
             f●tunae
             à
             nullis
             magis
             exigere
             ,
             quam
             quos
             in
             〈◊〉
             videre
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             3
             But
             when
             the
             Blade
             was
             sprung
             up
             ,
             〈◊〉
             brought
             forth
             Fruit
             ,
             then
             appeared
             the
             Tares
             also
             ,
             Matth.
             13.
             
             2●
             .
          
           
             4
             Ex
             mediocritate
             fortunae
             pauciora
             pericula
             sunt
             .
             Tac.
             14.
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             5
             Quia
             nova
             generis
             claritudine
             ,
             neque
             invi●●osis
             opibus
             erat
             .
             Tac.
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             6
             1
             Sam.
             10.
             11.
             
          
           
             7
             Vt
             effugiamus
             n●men
             invid●●e
             ,
             quod
             verbum
             ductum
             est
             ,
             à
             nimis
             intuend●
             fortunam
             alte●i●s
             .
             
               C●e
               .
               in
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             8
             Non
             ●ni●
             poterimus
             utta
             esse
             invidiâ
             spoliati
             opibus
             ,
             &
             i●la
             senatoria
             patesta●e
             .
             
               Cic.
               ad
               Att.
            
             
          
           
             9
             That
             the
             purpose
             might
             not
             be
             chang'd
             concerning
             
               Daniel
               .
               Lat.
               Vers.
               Ne
               quid
               fieret
               contra
               Danielem
               ,
            
             Dan.
             6.
             17.
             
          
           
             10
             Peculi●riter
             miratum
             ,
             quo
             mode
             adhaerens
             ●enuisset
             ,
             nec
             idem
             polleret
             in
             navigi●●
             recep●us
             .
             
               Plin
               ,
               lib.
            
             32.
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             11
             Pyramides
             in
             Egypto
             ,
             quarum
             in
             suo
             statu
             se
             umbra
             consume●t
             ,
             ultra
             constructionis
             spatia
             nulla
             pa●te
             respicitur
             .
             Cassiodor
             .
             l.
             6.
             
             
               Var.
               Epist.
            
             16.
             
          
           
             12
             Lucanum
             propriae
             causae
             accendebant
             ,
             quod
             fama●
             carminum
             ejus
             premebat
             Nero.
             
               Tac.
               lib.
               15.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             13
             And
             there
             appear'd
             in
             the
             Cherubims
             ,
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Man's
             hand
             u●der
             their
             Wings
             ,
             Ez●k
             .
             10.
             8.
             
          
           
             14
             And
             Saul
             eyed
             David
             from
             that
             day
             ,
             and
             forward
             .
             1
             Sam.
             18.
             9.
             
          
           
             15
             And
             all
             the
             King's
             Servants
             that
             were
             in
             the
             〈◊〉
             ,
             b●w'd
             and
             reverenced
             Haman
             ,
             for
             the
             King
             had
             so
             commanded
             concerning
             him
             .
             Esth.
             3.
             2.
             
          
           
             16
             Tum
             ipse
             ,
             exercitusque
             ,
             saevitia
             ,
             libidine
             ,
             rapti
             in
             extremos
             mo●es
             proruperunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             17
             Scientia
             militiae
             &
             rumore
             populi
             ,
             qui
             neminem
             sine
             〈◊〉
             sinit
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Privata
             odia
             publicis
             u●ilitatibus
             remittere
             ,
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             19
             Arduum
             eodem
             loco
             potentiam
             ,
             &
             concordiam
             esse
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Delectus
             est
             M.
             Aletus
             è
             pretoriis
             ,
             ne
             Consulari
             obtinente
             Asiam
             ,
             emulatio
             inter
             pares
             ,
             &
             ex
             eo
             impedimentum
             ●riretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Nec
             minus
             periculum
             ex●magna
             fama
             quam
             ex
             mala
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vir.
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             2
             Cui
             vigor
             animi
             ingentibus
             negotiis
             par
             suberat
             ,
             eo
             magis
             ,
             ut
             invidiam
             amoliretur
             ,
             somnum
             &
             inertiam
             ostentabat
             .
             
               Tac.
               5.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Viso
             aspectoque
             Agricola
             quaererent
             famam
             ,
             pauci
             interpretarentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Debella●is
             inter
             Rhenum
             ,
             Albimque
             nationibus
             exercitum
             T●●erit
             Caesaris
             ea
             Monumenta
             Marti
             ,
             &
             Iovi
             ,
             &
             Augusto
             sacravisse
             ,
             de
             se
             nihil
             addidit
             ,
             metu
             invidiae
             ,
             an
             ratus
             conscientiam
             facti
             esse
             satis
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Now
             there
             was
             leaning
             on
             Jesus's
             bosom
             ,
             one
             of
             his
             Di●ciples
             whom
             Jesus
             loved
             .
             Iohn
             13.
             23.
             
          
           
             6
             Agricola
             simul
             suis
             virtutibus
             ,
             simul
             vitiis
             aliorum
             in
             ipsam
             gloriam
             praeceps
             agebatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Nihil
             ausus
             ,
             sed
             nomen
             insigne
             ,
             &
             decora
             ipsi
             juventa
             ,
             rumore
             vulgi
             celebrabantur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Breves
             &
             infaustos
             populi
             Romani
             amores
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             9
             N●llam
             ob
             eximiam
             artem
             ,
             sed
             quod
             par
             negotiis
             ,
             neque
             supra
             erat
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Omnium
             ore
             Rubellius
             Plautus
             celebratur
             ,
             cui
             nobilitas
             per
             matrem
             ex
             Iuliâ
             familiâ
             ,
             ipse
             placita
             majorum
             c●lebat
             ,
             habitu
             severo
             ,
             ca●●â
             &
             secretâ
             domo
             ,
             quantoque
             metu
             occultior
             ,
             tanto
             plus
             famae
             adeptus
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Gloriam
             in
             se
             trahente
             ,
             tanquam
             ,
             &
             ipse
             foelix
             bell●
             ,
             &
             suis
             ducibus
             ,
             &
             suis
             exe●citibus
             Remp.
             aux●sset
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hi●t
            
             .
          
           
             12
             Destrui
             per
             haec
             fortunam
             suam
             ,
             Caesar
             ,
             imparemque
             tanto
             meri●●
             rebatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Ni●ius
             commemorandis
             quae
             meruisset
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Nec
             Agricola
             unquam
             suam
             famam
             gestis
             exultavit
             ,
             ad
             auctorem
             &
             ducem
             ,
             ut
             Minister
             ,
             fortunam
             referebat
             .
             Ita
             virtute
             in
             obsequendo
             ,
             verecundia
             in
             praedicando
             extra
             invidiam
             ,
             nec
             extra
             gloriam
             erat
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             15
             Now
             therefore
             gather
             the
             People
             together
             ,
             and
             encamp
             against
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             take
             it
             ,
             least
             I
             take
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             it
             be
             called
             after
             my
             name
             .
             
               Lat.
               Vers.
               Et
               nomini
               meo
               ascribatur
               victoria
               .
            
             2
             Sam.
             12.
             28.
             
          
           
             16
             Principem
             suum
             defendere
             ,
             tueri
             ,
             sua
             quoqu●
             fortia
             facta
             gloriae
             ejus
             assignare
             ,
             praecipuum
             Sacramentum
             erat
             .
             
               Tac.
               lib.
               de
               Germ.
            
             
          
           
             17
             Tarda
             sunt
             quae
             in
             commune
             expostulantur
             ,
             privata●
             gratiam
             statim
             mereare
             ,
             statim
             recipias
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Ita
             trepidi
             ,
             &
             utrinque
             anxii
             coeunt
             ;
             nemo
             privat●●
             ,
             expedit●
             consilio
             ,
             inter
             multos
             ,
             societate
             culpae
             tutior
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             19
             〈◊〉
             de●●s
             publicum
             curae
             ,
             plures
             tuta
             disserunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               12.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Magis
             sine
             Domino
             ,
             quam
             in
             libertate
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             21
             Sed
             dum
             veritati
             consulitur
             ,
             libertas
             corrumpebatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Eccles.
             cap
             4.
             29.
             
          
           
             †
             L
             5.
             ●it
             .
             4.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             2
             Orati●
             vultus
             ani●●
             est
             ,
             si
             cir●umto●sa
             est
             &
             fucata
             ,
             &
             manuf●cta
             ,
             o●tendi●
             illum
             non
             esse
             〈◊〉
             ,
             &
             habere
             aliquid
             ●racti
             .
             
               Sen
               Epis●
            
             .
             115.
             
          
           
             3
             Vas
             fictil●
             ictu
             &
             sono
             ,
             h●mo
             sernione
             p●o●atu●
             .
             
               Meliss
               .
               Serm
               48.
               
               Tom.
               ●
               .
               B●bl
               .
            
          
           
             4
             A
             Fool
             travaileth
             with
             a
             Word
             ,
             as
             a
             Woman
             in
             labour
             of
             ●
             Child
             .
             Eccles.
             19.
             11.
             
          
           
             †
             L.
             1.
             tit
             .
             4.
             part
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             5
             Where
             the
             Word
             of
             a
             King
             is
             ,
             there
             is
             power
             .
             Eccl.
             8.
             4.
             
          
           
             6
             Death
             and
             Life
             are
             i●
             the
             Power
             of
             the
             T●ngue
             .
             Prov.
             18.
             21.
             
          
           
             7
             Eccl.
             28.
             29.
             
          
           
             8
             Psalm
             140.
             3.
             
          
           
             9
             Neque
             ●●sse
             Principem
             sua
             scientia
             cuncta
             complecti
             .
             
               Tac
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Componit
             ad
             Caesareni
             codicill●s
             :
             mo●is
             quippe
             tum
             erat
             quamquam
             praesentem
             sc●ipto
             adi●e
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Multum
             brevi
             sermone
             inest
             ●rude●tiae
             Sopn●cl
             .
          
           
             12
             Imperatoria
             brevit●●e
             .
             
               Tac
               ▪
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Pro●
             .
             cap.
             17.
             
          
           
             14
             Eccles
             21.
             29
             ▪
             
          
           
             15
             Job
             41.
             3.
             
          
           
             16
             Better
             is
             it
             that
             thou
             shouldest
             no●
             vow
             ,
             t●an
             that
             thou
             shouldest
             vow
             and
             no●
             pay
             .
             E●cles
             .
             5.
             5.
             
          
           
             17
             ●e
             not
             hasty
             in
             thy
             Tongue
             ,
             and
             in
             thy
             Deeds
             sl●ck
             and
             remis●
             ,
             Eccl.
             4.
             29.
             
          
           
             18
             Vid.
             Lat.
             Vers.
             
               Ante
               mortem
               ne
               laudes
               hominem
               quenquam
               .
            
             Eccles.
             11.
             30.
             
          
           
             1
             Magni
             praesentia
             veri
             .
             Virgil.
             
          
           
             2
             Excellent
             Speech
             becometh
             not
             a
             Fool
             ;
             much
             less
             do
             lying
             ●ip●
             a
             P●ince
             .
             Prov.
             17.
             7.
             
          
           
             3
             Ad
             vana
             &
             toties
             irrisa
             revolutus
             de
             reddenda
             Rep●●
             utque
             consules
             ,
             se●
             quis
             alius
             ,
             regimen
             susci●eret
             ,
             ●●ro
             quoque
             &
             honesto
             fidem
             dempsit
             .
             
               T●c
               .
               4
               A●n
            
             .
          
           
             4
             C●ncta
             m●g●is
             impe●iis
             objecta●i
             solitus
             .
             
               T●c
               .
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Rex
             Regum
             Sapor
             ,
             particeps
             side●●m
             ,
             &
             frater
             s●iis
             ,
             &
             Lunae
             ,
             Constantio
             fra●ri
             meo
             sal●t●m
             .
             
               Amm●in
               .
               Marcel
               .
               lib
            
             4.
             
          
           
             2
             Zach.
             3.
             9.
             
          
           
             3
             Qui
             magno
             imperio
             ●●●diti
             in
             excelso
             ae●a●em
             agunt
             ,
             eorumque
             fact●
             〈◊〉
             mortales
             novêre
             ,
             ita
             maximâ
             fortunâ
             ●●inima
             licentia
             est
             .
             Salust
             .
          
           
             4
             Vitellius
             ventre
             ,
             &
             gula
             sibi
             ipsi
             hostis
             :
             Otho
             luxu
             ,
             saevitia
             ,
             audatia
             Reipub.
             exitiosior
             ducebatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Flexibiles
             in
             quamcunq●●
             partem
             ducimur
             à
             principibus
             ,
             atque
             ,
             ut
             ita
             d●cam
             ,
             sequentes
             sumus
             .
             
               Plin
               in
               Paneg.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Ezek.
             10.
             
             1●
             .
          
           
             7
             Ea
             conditio
             principum
             ,
             ut
             quicquid
             facian●
             ,
             praecipere
             videantur
             .
             Quinci●
             .
          
           
             8
             Validio●que
             indies
             Tigellin●●
             ,
             &
             malas
             artes
             quibus
             pollebat
             ,
             gratiores
             ratus
             ,
             si
             principem
             societate
             s●eleris
             obstringeret
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             9
             And
             the
             Lord
             sh●ll
             give
             Israel
             up
             ,
             bec●use
             of
             the
             Sins
             of
             Ierob●am
             ,
             who
             did
             sin
             ,
             and
             made
             Is●ael
             to
             sin
             .
             1
             Kings
             14.
             
             1●
             .
          
           
             †
             Lop.
             Gamar
             .
          
           
             10
             Annum
             〈◊〉
             non
             tam
             de
             bonis
             fructibus
             ,
             quam
             de
             juste
             reg●●●tibus
             existimandum
             .
             Boetius
             .
          
           
             11
             Qui
             mos
             vulgo
             for●uita
             ad
             culp●●
             trabentes
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Ratusque
             dedecus
             emoliri
             ,
             si
             plures
             〈◊〉
             dasset
             ▪
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             13
             And
             he
             compassed
             him
             with
             Pomegranates
             ,
             and
             with
             golden
             Bells
             round
             about
             ,
             that
             there
             might
             be
             a
             sound
             ,
             and
             a
             noise
             made
             ,
             that
             might
             be
             heard
             in
             the
             Temple
             .
             Eccl.
             45.
             9.
             
          
           
             14
             Psal.
             122.
             2.
             
          
           
             15
             His
             word
             was
             in
             mine
             heart
             as
             a
             burning
             fire
             sh●t
             up
             in
             my
             bones
             ,
             and
             I
             was
             weary
             with
             forbearing
             ,
             and
             I
             could
             not
             slay
             ,
             Ier.
             20.
             9.
             
          
           
             16
             Quippe
             Tiberium
             non
             fortuna
             ,
             non
             solitudines
             protegebant
             ,
             qui●●ormenta
             pectoris
             ,
             su●sque
             ipse
             poe●as
             fateretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             17
             Igitur
             aeris
             sono
             ,
             tubarum
             ,
             corn●umque
             conc●n●u
             strepere
             ,
             prout
             ●plendidior
             ,
             obscuriorve
             laetari
             aut
             moerere
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Prov.
             25.
             12.
             
          
           
             2
             Rara
             temporum
             foelicitate
             ,
             ubi
             sentire
             quae
             velis
             ,
             &
             quae
             sentias
             dicere
             licet
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Magnarum
             rerum
             curas
             non
             dissimulaturos
             ,
             qui
             animum
             etiam
             levissimis
             adverterent
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Gonsalvo
             of
             Cordoua
             .
          
           
             4
             Quo
             magis
             socordiam
             eorum
             irride●e
             libet
             ,
             qui
             praesenti
             potentiâ
             ,
             credunt
             extingui
             posse
             etiam
             sequentis
             aevi
             memoriam
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Non
             ope
             humana
             ,
             non
             largit●onibus
             ,
             aut
             Deûm
             placamentis
             decedebat
             infamia
             ,
             qui●
             jussum
             incendium
             crederetur
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Prohibiti
             per
             civitatem
             sermones
             ,
             eoque
             plures
             ,
             ac
             si
             liceret
             ,
             vera
             narraturi
             ,
             quia
             vetabantur
             ,
             atrociora
             vulgaverunt
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             7
             Quoniam
             si
             id
             ex
             levitate
             processerit
             contemnendum
             est
             ;
             si
             ex
             insania
             ,
             miseratione
             dighissimum
             ,
             si
             ab
             inj●ria
             ,
             remittendum
             .
             
               L.
               unica
               C.
               si
               quis
               imperat
               .
               Maledi●
               .
            
          
           
             8
             Omnia
             scire
             non
             omnia
             exequi
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Facta
             arguebantur
             ,
             dicta
             impunè
             erant
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Vana
             à
             scelestis
             ,
             dicta
             à
             maleficiis
             differunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Namque
             spreta
             exolescunt
             ,
             si
             trascare
             agnita
             videntur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Conquisites
             lectitatosque
             donec
             cum
             periculo
             parabantur
             ,
             〈◊〉
             licentia
             habendi
             oblivionem
             attulit
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Punitis
             ingeniis
             gliscit
             Authoritas
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Neque
             aliud
             externi
             Reges
             ,
             〈◊〉
             qui
             eadem
             saevitia
             usi
             sunt
             ,
             nisi
             dedecus
             sibi
             ,
             atque
             illis
             gloriam
             peperere
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             15
             Rev.
             9.
             5.
             
          
           
             16
             Psal.
             56.
             5.
             
          
           
             17
             Psal.
             10.
             2.
             
          
           
             18
             Psal.
             100.
             6.
             
          
           
             19
             Eccl.
             27.
             23.
             
             Lat.
             Vers.
             
          
           
             20
             Et
             hanc
             velim
             generalem
             tibi
             ●●●stituas
             regulam
             ,
             ut
             omnem
             qui
             palam
             veretur
             dicere
             ,
             suspectum
             habeas
             .
             
               S.
               Bern.
               1.
               4.
               de
               Cons.
               ad
               Eug.
               c.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             21
             Si
             quis
             est
             cujuscunque
             loci
             ardinis
             ,
             dignitatis
             ,
             qui
             se
             in
             quemcunque
             Iudicum
             ,
             Comitium
             ,
             Amicorum
             ,
             &
             Palatinorum
             meorum
             aliquid
             veraci●er
             &
             manifeste
             probare
             posse
             confidit
             ,
             quod
             non
             integre
             ,
             atque
             juste
             gessisse
             videatur
             ,
             intrepidus
             ,
             atque
             securus
             〈◊〉
             ,
             interpellet
             me
             ,
             ipse
             audiam
             omnia
             ,
             ipse
             cognoscam
             ,
             &
             si
             fuerit
             comprobatum
             ,
             ipse
             me
             vindicabo
             .
             
               L.
               4.
               
               C.
               de
               Accus
               .
            
          
           
             22
             Curse
             the
             whisperer
             ,
             and
             double
             tongued
             ;
             for
             such
             have
             destroyed
             many
             that
             were
             at
             Peace
             ,
             Eccles.
             28.
             13.
             
          
           
             23
             2
             Sam.
             24.
             10.
             
          
           
             24
             Quid
             enim
             tam
             du●um
             ,
             tamque
             inhumanum
             est
             quam
             publicatione
             pompâque
             rerum
             fami●iar●um
             ,
             &
             〈◊〉
             detegi
             utisitatem
             ,
             &
             invidiae
             exponere
             aivitia●
             .
             L.
             2.
             
             C.
             〈◊〉
             .
             ●
             qui●
             .
             quam
             .
             pars
             .
          
           
             1
             Eccles.
             50.
             9.
             
          
           
             2
             Fax
             mentis
             honestae
             gloria
             .
          
           
             3
             He
             was
             as
             the
             Morning
             Star
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             a
             Cloud
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             Moon
             at
             the
             Full.
             Eccles.
             50.
             6.
             
          
           
             4
             Eccles.
             41.
             16.
             
          
           
             5
             The
             number
             of
             years
             is
             hidden
             to
             oppressors
             .
             Iob
             15.
             20.
             
          
           
             6
             Quanquam
             medio
             in
             spati●
             integrae
             aetatis
             ereptus
             ,
             quantum
             ad
             g●riam
             longissimum
             ●evum
             peregit
             .
             
               ●ac
               .
               in
               Vir.
               Agri●
            
             .
          
           
             7
             Caeteris
             mortalibus
             ,
             in
             eo
             stare
             consilia
             ,
             quid
             sibi
             conducere
             pute●●
             ,
             Principum
             diversam
             esse
             sortem
             ,
             quibus
             praecipua
             rerum
             ad
             famam
             di●●genda
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Argentum
             quidem
             ,
             &
             pecunia
             est
             commo●●
             omnium
             possessio
             ,
             at
             honestum
             ,
             &
             ex
             eo
             laus
             ,
             &
             gloria
             Deorum
             est
             〈◊〉
             eorum
             ,
             qui
             à
             aiis
             proximi
             censentur
             .
             Polybius
             .
          
           
             9
             Let
             your
             Light
             so
             shine
             before
             Men
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             see
             your
             good
             Works
             ,
             Matth.
             5.
             12.
             
          
           
             10
             Caete●a
             Principibus
             statim
             a●●esse
             :
             unum
             insatiabiliter
             parandum
             ,
             prosperam
             sui
             memo●●am
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Consenuitque
             ,
             multum
             immatatâ
             〈…〉
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Dan.
             5.
             6.
             
          
           
             1
             Tanquam
             in
             speculo
             ornare
             ,
             &
             comparare
             vitam
             tuam
             ad
             alienas
             virtutes
             ,
             Plu●arch
             .
          
           
             2
             Call
             to
             remembrance
             what
             Acts
             our
             Fathers
             did
             in
             their
             time
             ,
             so
             shall
             ye
             receive
             great
             Honour
             ,
             and
             an
             everlasting
             Name
             ,
             1
             Macc.
             2.
             52.
             
          
           
             3
             And
             in
             the
             four
             Rows
             of
             Stones
             ,
             was
             the
             Glory
             of
             the
             Fathers
             graven
             ,
             Wisd.
             8.
             24.
             
          
           
             4
             Qui
             omnia
             facta
             dictaqu●
             ejus
             vice
             legis
             observem
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             5
             An
             cum
             Tiberius
             p●st
             tantam
             ●erum
             experient●am
             vi
             dominationis
             convulsus
             ,
             &
             〈◊〉
             sit
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Prima
             Imperii
             aetate
             clarus
             acceptusque
             popularibus
             ;
             mox
             diuturni●atem
             ,
             in
             superbiam
             mutans
             ,
             &
             odio
             accolarum
             s●●al
             〈…〉
             circumventis
             .
             
               Tac.
               12.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Ipso
             Vespasiano
             ,
             inter
             initia
             Imperii
             ad
             obtinendas
             iniquitates
             han●
             perinde
             obstinato
             ;
             donec
             ,
             indulgentia
             fortunae
             ,
             &
             pra●is
             Magistris
             ,
             didicit
             ,
             ansusque
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Marian.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             1
             Par
             est
             meliores
             esse
             eos
             qui
             ex
             melioribus
             ,
             Arist.
             
          
           
             2
             Nam
             ut
             ex
             homine
             hominem
             ,
             ex
             belluis
             helluam
             ,
             sic
             ex
             bonis
             bonum
             generari
             putant
             ;
             at
             hoc
             qu●dem
             natura
             saepè
             efficere
             vult
             ,
             non
             tamen
             potest
             .
             
               Arist.
               1.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             3
             Langues●et
             alioqui
             ind●stria
             ,
             intendetur
             socordia
             ,
             si
             nullus
             ex
             se
             metus
             ,
             aut
             spes
             ,
             &
             securi
             omnes
             aliena
             subsidia
             expectabant
             ,
             sibi
             ignavi
             ,
             nobis
             graves
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Censoris
             Vitellii
             ac
             ter
             Consulis
             filius
             ,
             id
             satis
             ●idebatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Mandabatque
             honores
             ,
             nobilitatem
             majorum
             ,
             claritudinem
             ●●●litiae
             ,
             illustres
             domi
             artes
             ,
             spectando
             ,
             ut
             satis
             constaret
             ,
             non
             alios
             poti●●es
             fuisse
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Reges
             ex
             nobilitate
             ,
             Duces
             ex
             virtute
             〈◊〉
             .
             
               Tac.
               de
               mor.
               Germ.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Si
             Remp.
             gnaris
             ,
             &
             non
             magni
             pre●ii
             hominibus
             committas
             ,
             stat●●n
             &
             nobilium
             ac
             strenuorum
             iram
             in
             te
             provocabis
             ob
             contemptam
             e●um
             fidem
             ,
             &
             maximis
             in
             rebus
             damna
             patiens
             .
             
               Dion
               .
               Cassio
            
             .
          
           
             8
             Videntur
             〈◊〉
             ex
             se
             nati
             .
             
               Tac.
               11.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Claud.
             
          
           
             9
             Et
             revocante
             Nobilitate
             ,
             cui
             in
             pace
             durius
             servitium
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               11.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Nam
             Imbecilliores
             semper
             equum
             ,
             &
             justum
             quaerunt
             ,
             potenti●ribus
             autem
             id
             nihil
             curae
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               6.
               
               C.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             11
             Nihil
             ausuram
             plebem
             principibus
             amotis
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Commodum
             est
             etiam
             ,
             ut
             haereditates
             non
             donatione
             ,
             sed
             jure
             agnationis
             tradantur
             ,
             utque
             ad
             eundem
             una
             ,
             non
             plures
             haereditates
             perveniant
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               5.
               c.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             13
             Dites
             elim
             familiae
             nobilium
             ,
             aut
             claritudine
             insignes
             ,
             studio
             Magnificentiae
             prolabehantur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Sed
             cum
             ex
             Primariis
             aliqui
             bona
             dissiparunt
             ,
             hi
             res
             novas
             moliuntur
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               6.
               c.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             1
             Non
             censebat
             conveni●e
             cuiquam
             Imperti●m
             qui
             non
             melior
             esset
             iis
             quibus
             imperaret
             .
             
               Xenoph
               ,
               lib.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             2
             So
             the
             Lord
             was
             with
             Ioshua
             ,
             and
             his
             fame
             was
             noised
             throughout
             all
             the
             Country
             ,
             Iosh.
             6.
             27.
             
          
           
             3
             Rex
             enim
             Dux
             erat
             in
             be●h
             ,
             &
             Iudex
             ,
             &
             in
             iis
             quae
             ad
             cultum
             Deorum
             pertinerent
             ,
             summam
             potesta●●
             habebat
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
            
             3.
             13.
             
          
           
             4
             Minusque
             insidiantur
             iis
             ,
             qui
             D●●●
             auxiliares
             habent
             .
             
               Arist.
               Polit.
            
             
          
           
             5
             He
             set
             a
             Crown
             of
             Gold
             upon
             the
             Mitre
             ,
             wherein
             was
             engraved
             Holiness
             ,
             an
             ornament
             of
             Honour
             ,
             a
             safety-work
             ,
             the
             desires
             of
             the
             Eyes
             goodly
             and
             beautiful
             .
             Eccl.
             45.
             12.
             
          
           
             6
             And
             he
             worshipped
             leaning
             upon
             the
             top
             of
             his
             Staff.
             Vid.
             La●
             Vers.
             
               Et
               adoravit
               fastigium
               virgae
               ejus
            
             :
             Heb.
             11.
             21.
             
          
           
             7
             Fear
             ye
             not
             ,
             stand
             still
             ,
             and
             see
             the
             Salvation
             of
             the
             Lord
             ,
             which
             he
             will
             shew
             you
             to
             day
             ,
             Exod.
             14.
             13.
             
          
           
             8
             And
             the
             Lord
             God
             of
             Israel
             fought
             for
             
               Israel
               ,
               Josh.
            
             10.
             42.
             
          
           
             9
             And
             that
             turn
             not
             aside
             from
             the
             Commandment
             ,
             to
             the
             right
             ,
             or
             to
             the
             left
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             that
             he
             may
             prolong
             his
             days
             in
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             he
             and
             his
             Children
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             
               Israel
               ,
               Deut.
            
             17.
             20.
             
          
           
             10
             Rom.
             13.
             1.
             
          
           
             11
             Principes
             quidem
             instar
             deorum
             esse
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             12
             And
             he
             had
             in
             his
             right
             hand
             seven
             Stars
             ,
             Revel
             .
             1.
             16.
             
          
           
             13
             And
             he
             cast
             it
             on
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             it
             became
             a
             Serpent
             ,
             and
             
             Moses
             ●led
             from
             before
             it
             ,
             Exod.
             4.
             3.
             
          
           
             14
             And
             he
             dreamed
             ,
             and
             behold
             ,
             a
             Ladder
             set
             upon
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             the
             top
             of
             it
             reached
             to
             Heaven
             ;
             and
             behold
             ,
             the
             Angel●
             of
             God
             ascending
             and
             descending
             on
             it
             .
             Gen.
             18.
             13.
             
          
           
             15
             Vera
             gloria
             radices
             agit
             ,
             atque
             etiam
             propagatur
             ;
             ficta
             〈◊〉
             celeriter
             tanquam
             flosculi
             decidunt
             ,
             neque
             fimulatum
             quidquam
             potest
             〈◊〉
             diuturnum
             .
             
               Cic.
               lib.
               2.
               de
               Off.
               cap.
            
             32.
             
          
           
             16
             And
             all
             our
             righte●●●nesses
             are
             as
             filthy
             rags
             ,
             Isaiah
             64.
             6.
             
          
           
             17
             Otho
             interim
             ,
             contra
             〈◊〉
             omnium
             ,
             non
             deliciis
             ,
             neque
             desidia
             torpescere
             ,
             dilatae
             voluptates
             ,
             diss●●●
             lata
             luxuria
             ,
             &
             cuncta
             ad
             decorem
             imperii
             composita
             ,
             eoque
             plus
             〈◊〉
             a●●erebantur
             fals●
             virtutes
             ,
             &
             vitia
             reditura
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Haud
             minus
             noxiae
             ,
             quoties
             ,
             parando
             regno
             finguntur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             19
             Extrema
             est
             perversitas
             ,
             cum
             prorsus
             jus●●tia
             vaces
             ,
             ad
             id
             niti
             ,
             ut
             〈◊〉
             bonus
             esse
             videaris
             .
             Plat.
             
          
           
             20
             Quae
             grata
             sane
             &
             popularia
             ,
             si
             à
             ●●tutibus
             proficiscerentur
             ;
             memoria
             vitae
             prioris
             ,
             indecora
             ,
             &
             vilia
             accipiebantur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             21
             Penetrabat
             Pavor
             ,
             &
             admiratio
             ,
             callidum
             olim
             ,
             &
             regendis
             sceleribus
             obscurum
             ,
             huc
             confidentiae
             venisse
             ,
             ut
             tanquam
             dimotis
             parietibus
             ostenderet
             Nepotem
             sub
             verbere
             Centurionis
             ,
             inter
             servorum
             ictus
             ,
             extrema
             vitae
             alimenta
             frustra
             orantem
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             22
             Claro
             apud
             vulg●●●umore
             erat
             per
             virtutem
             ,
             aut
             species
             virtutibus
             ●imiles
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             23
             Permittimus
             ,
             quod
             nolentes
             indulgemus
             ,
             quia
             pravam
             hominum
             voluntatem
             ad
             plexum
             cohibere
             non
             possumus
             .
             
               S.
               Chrysost.
            
             
          
           
             24
             Non
             id
             tempus
             censurae
             ,
             nec
             si
             quid
             in
             moribus
             laboret
             defuturum
             corrigendi
             authorem
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             25
             Pervulgatum
             esse
             incestum
             ,
             gloriante
             matre
             ,
             nec
             toleraturos
             milites
             profani
             Principis
             Imperium
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             26
             Corpus
             illi
             laborum
             tolerans
             ,
             animus
             audax
             ,
             sui
             obtegens
             ,
             in
             alios
             criminator
             ,
             justa
             adulatio
             ,
             &
             superbia
             ,
             palam
             compositus
             pudor
             ,
             intus
             summa
             adipiscendi
             libido
             ,
             ejusque
             causa
             ,
             modo
             largitio
             ,
             &
             luxus
             ,
             saepius
             industria
             ,
             &
             vigilantia
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             27
             Ambigua
             de
             Vespasiano
             fama
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             28
             Egregium
             Principatus
             temperamentum
             ,
             si
             demptis
             virtutibus
             utriusque
             vitiis
             solae
             virtutes
             miscerentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             29
             Eo
             Munitiores
             Reges
             censentur
             ,
             quo
             illis
             ,
             quibus
             imperitant
             ,
             nequi●res
             .
             Salust
             .
          
           
             30
             Sed
             à
             Caesare
             profecto
             demum
             sceleris
             magnitudo
             intellecta
             est
             ;
             reliquo
             noctis
             ,
             modo
             persaepius
             pavore
             exurgens
             ,
             &
             mentis
             in●ps
             operiebatur
             ,
             tanquam
             exitium
             allaturam
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             31
             Sed
             magnitud●
             facinoris
             metum
             ,
             prolationes
             ,
             diversa
             interdum
             consilia
             adferebat
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             32
             Job
             5.
             13.
             
          
           
             33
             He
             disappointeth
             the
             devices
             of
             the
             crafty
             ,
             so
             that
             their
             hands
             cannot
             perform
             their
             enterprise
             ,
             Iob
             5.
             12.
             
          
           
             34
             Because
             thou
             hast
             rejected
             the
             Lord
             ,
             he
             has
             also
             rejected
             thee
             from
             being
             King
             ,
             1
             Sam.
             15.
             23.
             
          
           
             1
             Vt
             vitam
             ,
             quam
             ipsi
             à
             majoribus
             ,
             accepissent
             ,
             vicissim
             ,
             quasi
             t●dam
             ardentem
             posteris
             tradant
             .
             Plato
             .
          
           
             2
             I
             will
             also
             give
             thee
             for
             a
             light
             to
             the
             Gentiles
             ,
             that
             thou
             maist
             be
             my
             Salvation
             to
             the
             end
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             Isaiah
             49.
             6.
             
          
           
             3
             Thou
             art
             weigh'd
             in
             the
             balance
             ,
             and
             found
             wanting
             ,
             Dan.
             5.
             27.
             
          
           
             4
             Vrbi
             nostrae
             institutum
             ,
             &
             à
             Regibus
             usque
             ad
             Principes
             continuum
             ,
             &
             immortalem
             ,
             sicut
             à
             Majoribus
             accepimus
             ,
             sic
             posteris
             tradamus
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Quam
             arduum
             ,
             quam
             subjectum
             fortunae
             regendi
             cuncta
             onus
             ?
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             *
             S●rabo
             .
          
           
             †
             Valer.
             Max.
             
          
           
             2
             Let
             them
             set
             a
             fair
             Mi●re
             upon
             his
             Head
             ,
             Zach.
             3.
             5.
             
          
           
             4
             Consula●es
             fasces
             ,
             praet●●tum
             ,
             curulemque
             sellam
             ,
             nihil
             aliud
             ,
             quam
             pompam
             funeris
             putent
             ;
             claris
             insignibus
             velut
             in●●sis
             velatos
             ad
             mo●t
             〈◊〉
             destinari
             .
             
               Liv.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Vt
             non
             dominationem
             ,
             &
             servos
             ,
             sed
             rectorem
             &
             cives
             cogitaret
             .
             
               Tac.
               12.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Cogitare
             quid
             ●ut
             〈◊〉
             sub
             alio
             Principe
             ,
             aut
             volueris
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             An
             Ignoras
             ,
             〈◊〉
             mi
             ,
             nostrum
             Regnum
             ess●●
             n●bilem
             servitutem
             ?
          
           
             8
             With
             f●vour
             wilt
             thou
             compass
             him
             as
             with
             a
             Shield
             ,
             Psalm
             5.
             
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             9
             Vt
             enim
             gubernatio
             patrisfamilias
             est
             Regia
             quaedam
             potestas
             domi
             ;
             ita
             Regia
             potestas
             ,
             est
             civitatis
             &
             gentis
             unius
             aut
             plurium
             quasi
             domestica
             quaedam
             gubernatio
             .
             
               Arist.
               Polit.
               3.
               cap.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             10
             For
             thou
             hast
             been
             a
             strength
             to
             the
             poor
             ,
             a
             strength
             to
             the
             needy
             in
             his
             distress
             ;
             a
             refuge
             from
             the
             Storm
             ,
             a
             shadow
             from
             the
             hear
             ,
             Isa.
             25.
             4.
             
          
           
             11
             There
             were
             Giants
             in
             the
             Earth
             in
             those
             days
             ;
             the
             same
             became
             mighty
             Men
             ,
             Gen.
             6.
             4.
             
          
           
             12
             Vid.
             Iob
             26.
             5.
             
          
           
             13
             And
             the
             Waters
             which
             thou
             sawest
             ,
             where
             the
             Whore
             sitteth
             ,
             are
             Peoples
             ,
             and
             Multitudes
             ,
             and
             Nations
             ,
             and
             Tongues
             ,
             Revel
             .
             17.
             15.
             
          
           
             14
             Vid.
             1
             Sam.
             14.
             38.
             
          
           
             15
             It
             a
             nati
             estis
             ut
             bona
             malaque
             ves●ra
             ad
             Remp.
             pertineant
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             16
             2
             Sam.
             5.
             1.
             
          
           
             17
             Facta
             quae
             laedunt
             pietatem
             ,
             existimation●m
             ,
             verecundiam
             nostram
             ,
             &
             ut
             generaliter
             dixe●im
             ,
             contra
             bonos
             more
             's
             fi●●t
             ●ec
             facere
             e●s
             credendum
             est
             .
             
               L.
               15.
               
               F.
               de
               Condit
               .
               I●stir
               .
            
          
           
             18
             Quomodo
             pessimis
             Imperatoribus
             sine
             fine
             dominationem
             ,
             ita
             quamvis
             egregiis
             libertatis
             modum
             placere
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             19
             Bind
             the
             ti●e
             of
             thine
             Head
             upon
             thee
             .
             Ezek.
             24.
             17.
             
          
           
             1
             Sermo
             vero
             datus
             est
             homini
             ,
             ad
             utile
             &
             inutile
             ,
             ac
             proinde
             justum
             ac
             injustum
             declarandum
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               1.
               cap.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             2
             Nam
             Respub
             .
             nulla
             ●st
             ,
             ubi
             leges
             non
             te●ent
             Imperium
             ,
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               4.
               cap.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             3
             For
             Justice
             is
             immortal
             ,
             Wisd.
             1.
             15.
             
          
           
             4
             Leg●m
             scimus
             Iusti
             injustique
             regulam
             esse
             .
             Seneca
             .
          
           
             5
             Nec
             utendum
             imperio
             ,
             ubi
             legibus
             agi
             possit
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Minui
             jura
             quoties
             gliscat
             potestas
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             7
             The
             work
             of
             righteousness
             shall
             be
             peace
             ,
             and
             the
             effect
             of
             righteousness
             ,
             quietness
             and
             assurance
             for
             ever
             ,
             Isaiah
             32.
             17.
             
          
           
             8
             Inauditi
             atque
             defensi
             tanquam
             innocentes
             peritant
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Factae
             sunt
             autem
             leges
             ,
             ut
             eorum
             metu
             humana
             coerceatur
             audacia
             ,
             tutaque
             sit
             inter
             improbos
             innocentia
             ,
             &
             in
             ipsis
             improbis
             reformidato
             supplicio
             refraenetur
             audacia
             &
             nocendi
             facultas
             .
             
               Isid.
               lib.
               2.
               
               Etymol
               .
               L.
               legibus
               ,
               C.
               de
               leg
               .
            
          
           
             10
             Insurgere
             paulatim
             ,
             munia
             senatus
             ,
             Magistratuum
             ,
             legum
             in
             se
             trabere
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Nam
             cuncta
             legum
             ,
             &
             Magistratuum
             mu●ia
             in
             se
             trahens
             Princeps
             ,
             materiam
             praedandi
             patefecit
             .
             
               Tac.
               11.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Deditque
             jura
             ,
             queis
             pace
             ,
             &
             Principe
             uteremur
             ,
             acriora
             ex
             〈◊〉
             vincula
             inditi
             custodes
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Vtque
             antehac
             ftagitiis
             ita
             nunc
             legibus
             laborabatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Because
             Ephraim
             hath
             made
             many
             Altars
             to
             Sin
             ,
             Altars
             shall
             be
             unto
             him
             to
             Sin.
             
               Scriba●●i
               multiplices
               leges
               meas
            
             ,
             says
             the
             Latin
             Version
             ,
             Hos.
             8.
             11
             ,
             12.
             
          
           
             15
             Vsus
             ●ris
             ad
             perpetuitatem
             monumento●um
             jampridem
             translatus
             est
             tabulis
             aereis
             ,
             in
             quibus
             constitutiones
             publicae
             inciduntur
             .
          
           
             16
             And
             he
             gave
             unto
             Moses
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             made
             an
             end
             of
             communing
             with
             him
             upon
             Mount
             Sinai
             ,
             two
             Tables
             of
             Testimony
             ,
             Tables
             of
             Stone
             written
             with
             the
             Finger
             of
             God.
             
          
           
             17
             Positas
             semel
             leges
             constanter
             servate
             ,
             nec
             ullam
             earum
             immutate
             ;
             nam
             quae
             in
             suo
             statu
             eademque
             ma●●nt
             ,
             etsi
             deteriora
             sint
             ,
             tamen
             utili●ra
             sunt
             Reipublicae
             ,
             his
             quae
             per
             innovationem
             ,
             vel
             meliora
             indacuntur
             .
             Dion
             .
             l.
             52.
             
          
           
             18
             Non
             fuerint
             concordes
             unquam
             ,
             aut
             inter
             amantes
             cives
             ,
             ubi
             mut●●
             〈◊〉
             lites
             judiciales
             sunt
             ,
             sed
             ubi
             eae
             brevissimae
             &
             paucissimae
             .
             Plato
             .
          
           
             19
             Tot
             à
             majoribus
             repertae
             ,
             tot
             quas
             divus
             Augustus
             tulit
             ,
             illae
             oblivione
             ,
             hae
             (
             quod
             flagitiosius
             est
             )
             contemptu
             abolitae
             ,
             securtorem
             luxum
             fecere
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Num
             coercio
             plus
             damni
             in
             Remp.
             ferret
             ;
             quam
             indecorum
             attrectare
             ,
             quod
             non
             obtineretur
             ,
             vel
             retentum
             ignominiam
             &
             infamiam
             virorum
             illustrium
             posceret
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             21
             Sed
             praecipuu●
             adstricti
             moris
             autor
             Vespafianus
             fuit
             ,
             antiquo
             ipse
             cultu
             ,
             victuque
             obsequium
             inde
             in
             Principem
             ,
             &
             aemulandi
             amor
             validior
             ,
             quam
             poenae
             ex
             legibus
             ,
             &
             metus
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             22
             Mos
             hominum
             tutissime
             agere
             ,
             qui
             praesentibus
             moribus
             ,
             legibusque
             etiam
             si
             deteriores
             sint
             ,
             minimum
             variantes
             Rempub.
             administrant
             .
             Thucid.
             
          
           
             23
             Quid
             leges
             sine
             moribus
             vanae
             prosiciunt
             ?
             
               S.
               Aug.
            
             
          
           
             24
             Digna
             vax●st
             Majestate
             regnantis
             ,
             legibus
             allig●tum
             se
             pr●fiteri
             .
             
               L.
               4.
               
               C.
               de
               Leg.
               
            
          
           
             25
             Quibus
             etiam
             Reges
             obtemperarent
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             26
             Siquando
             cum
             privatis
             disceptarent
             ,
             forum
             &
             jus
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             27
             Eat
             this
             Roll
             ,
             and
             go
             speak
             un●o
             the
             House
             of
             Israel
             ;
             so
             I
             opened
             my
             Mouth
             ,
             and
             he
             caus'd
             me
             to
             eat
             the
             Roll
             ,
             
               Ezek.
               3.
               1
               ,
               and
            
             2.
             
          
           
             28
             Quae
             gloria
             tua
             est
             praecipua
             ,
             saepe
             vincitur
             Fiscus
             cujus
             mala
             causa
             nunquam
             est
             ,
             nisi
             sub
             bono
             principe
             .
             
               Plin.
               in
               Pan.
            
             
          
           
             1
             For
             he
             is
             the
             Minister
             of
             God
             to
             thee
             for
             good
             ;
             but
             if
             thou
             do
             that
             which
             is
             evil
             ,
             ●e
             afraid
             ;
             for
             he
             beareth
             not
             the
             Sword
             in
             vain
             ,
             Rom.
             13.
             4.
             
          
           
             2
             M●r.
             Hist.
             of
             
               Spain
               ▪
            
          
           
             3
             Et
             quanquam
             multi
             ex
             ejus
             dom●
             equites
             ac
             senatores
             sustentasse
             opibus
             ,
             juvisse
             consillis
             ,
             dicerentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Parvis
             peccatis
             〈◊〉
             ,
             magnis
             severitatem
             commendare
             ;
             nec
             poena
             semper
             ,
             sed
             saepiùs
             p●nitentia
             contentus
             esse
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Ag●ic
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Hanc
             P.
             C.
             curam
             sustinet
             Princeps
             ,
             hâc
             omissâ
             sunditus
             Remp.
             trahet
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Mar
             ,
             Hist
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             7
             Non
             honore
             Galbae
             ,
             sed
             tradito
             principi●●●
             more
             ,
             munimentum
             ad
             praesens
             ,
             in
             posterum
             ultionem
             .
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               lib.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             8
             Cavendum
             est
             ne
             iisdem
             de
             caussis
             alii
             plectantur
             ,
             alii
             ne
             appellantur
             quidem
             
               〈◊〉
               de
               Off.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Nec
             Tiberius
             poenam
             ejus
             palam
             ausus
             ,
             in
             secreta
             palatii
             parte
             interfici
             jussit
             ,
             corpusque
             clam
             auferri
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Si
             prohibita
             impunè
             transcenderis
             neque
             metus
             ultrà
             neque
             pudor
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Wherein
             were
             all
             manner
             of
             fourfooted
             Beasts
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             wild
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             creeping
             Things
             ,
             and
             Fowls
             of
             the
             Air
             ;
             and
             there
             came
             a
             Voice
             unto
             him
             ,
             Rise
             ,
             Peter
             ,
             kill
             and
             eat
             ,
             Act●
             10.
             12
             ,
             13.
             
          
           
             12
             Vix
             enim
             quisquam
             adeò
             mali
             expers
             ,
             ut
             non
             aliquam
             mortem
             meyeatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             13
             And
             he
             plac'd
             at
             the
             east
             end
             of
             the
             Garden
             of
             Eden
             Cherubims
             ,
             and
             a
             flaming
             Sword
             ,
             Gen.
             3.
             24.
             
          
           
             14
             Faliciores
             sunt
             impr●●i
             ,
             supplicia
             luentes
             ,
             quam
             si
             eos
             nulla
             justitiae
             〈◊〉
             coerceat
             .
             
               Boet.
               lib.
               4.
               
               Phil.
            
             
          
           
             15
             Mirumque
             amorem
             assecutus
             etat
             effuse
             clementiae
             ,
             modicus
             severitate
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             16
             I
             will
             sing
             of
             Mercy
             and
             Judgment
             ,
             unto
             thee
             ,
             O
             Lord
             ,
             will
             I
             sing
             .
          
           
             1
             Imperator
             aliquando
             torquibus
             ,
             murali
             ,
             &
             civicâ
             donat
             ;
             quid
             habet
             per
             se
             pretiosum
             ,
             quid
             pr●texta
             ,
             quid
             fasces
             ,
             quid
             tribunal
             ,
             quid
             currus
             ?
             nil
             horum
             honor
             est
             ,
             sed
             honoris
             insigne
             .
             
               Sen.
               lib.
               1.
               de
               Ben.
            
             
          
           
             2
             Irridente
             Arm●nio
             vilia
             servitii
             praemia
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Hono●●
             augmentum
             non
             ambitione
             ,
             sed
             labore
             ad
             unumquemque
             convenit
             perve●●
             ▪
             
               L.
               contra
               publicam
               C.
               de
               re
               milit
               .
            
          
           
             4
             Tunc
             vectigal
             publicum
             ,
             quo
             anteà
             milites
             &
             remiges
             aleba●●●●
             ,
             cum
             urbano
             populo
             dividi
             coeptum
             ,
             quibus
             rebus
             effectum
             est
             ,
             ut
             inter
             〈◊〉
             graecorum
             ,
             sordidum
             &
             obscurum
             antea
             Macedonum
             nomen
             emergeret
             .
             Trog
             .
             ●
             .
             6.
             
          
           
             5
             Aurum
             &
             argentum
             raro
             cuiquam
             nisi
             militi
             divisit
             ,
             〈◊〉
             esse
             dicens
             ,
             us
             dispensator
             publicus
             in
             delectationes
             suas
             &
             suorum
             〈◊〉
             ,
             id
             quod
             provinciales
             dedissent
             .
             
               La●p
               .
               in
               Vit.
               Alex.
            
             
          
           
             6
             For
             the
             Throne
             is
             establish'd
             by
             righteousness
             ,
             Prov.
             16.
             12.
             
          
           
             7
             Remove
             the
             Diadem
             ,
             and
             take
             off
             the
             Crown
             ,
             
               &c.
               Ezek.
            
             21.
             
             2●
             .
          
           
             8
             Subverti
             leges
             ,
             quae
             sua
             spatia
             exercendae
             Candidatorum
             〈◊〉
             ,
             quaerendisque
             hand
             potiundis
             honoribus
             statuerint
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Hand
             dubium
             erat
             ,
             eam
             sententiam
             altius
             penetrare
             ,
             &
             arcana
             i●perii
             te●tari
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Atque
             ita
             favorabili
             in
             speciem
             eratione
             ,
             vim
             imperii
             retinuit
             ,
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             11
             Abunde
             cognoscetur
             quisquis
             fama
             teste
             laudatur
             ;
             quapropter
             longissime
             constitutum
             mentis
             nostrae
             oculus
             serenus
             inspexit
             &
             vidit
             meri●um
             .
             
               Cassid
               .
               lib.
               9.
               cap.
            
             22.
             
          
           
             12
             Facilius
             quippe
             est
             ,
             ut
             oculis
             ejus
             ●ult●●
             absentis
             ,
             quam
             animo
             charitas
             excidat
             .
             
               Plin.
               in
               Paneg.
            
             
          
           
             13
             And
             I
             have
             also
             given
             thee
             that
             which
             thou
             hast
             not
             ask'd
             ,
             both
             Riches
             and
             Honour
             ;
             so
             that
             there
             shall
             not
             be
             any
             among
             the
             ●ings
             like
             unto
             thee
             ,
             in
             thy
             days
             ,
             1
             Kings
             3.
             13.
             
          
           
             14
             Amamu●
             〈◊〉
             beneficia
             germinare
             ,
             nec
             semel
             praesta●
             largitulis
             collatae
             fastidium
             ,
             ma●●sque
             nos
             provocant
             ad
             frequens
             praemium
             ,
             qui
             initia
             nostrae
             gratiae
             suscipere
             ●●ruerunt
             ;
             novis
             enim
             judicium
             impenditur
             ,
             favor
             autem
             semel
             placitis
             ●xhibetur
             .
             
               Cas.
               lib.
               2.
               
               Epist.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             †
             Concil
             .
             Tolet.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             Hist.
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             1
             Omnium
             primam
             rem
             ad
             multitudinem
             imperitam
             efficacissimam
             Deorum
             metum
             injiciendum
             ratus
             .
             Liv.
             
          
           
             2
             Ob
             hoc
             sui
             Regni
             apicem
             à
             Deo
             solidari
             praeoptaret
             ,
             si
             Catholicae
             fid●i
             per
             euntium
             turmas
             acquireret
             ,
             indignum
             reputans
             Catholicae
             fidei
             Principe●
             sacrileges
             imperare
             .
             
               Conci●
               .
               Tol.
               8.
               cap.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             3
             And
             they
             withstood
             Vzziah
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             said
             unto
             him
             ,
             it
             appertaineth
             not
             unto
             thee
             ,
             Vzziah
             ,
             to
             burn
             Incense
             unto
             the
             Lord
             ,
             but
             to
             the
             Priests
             ,
             2
             Chro●
             .
             26.
             18.
             
          
           
             1
             And
             the
             People
             shouted
             with
             a
             great
             shout
             ,
             that
             the
             Wall
             fell
             down
             flat
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             People
             went
             up
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             every
             Man
             strait
             before
             him
             ,
             and
             they
             took
             the
             Ci●y
             ,
             Ios.
             6.
             20.
             
          
           
             2
             For
             where
             your
             Treasure
             is
             ,
             there
             will
             your
             Heart
             he
             also
             ,
             Mat.
             6.
             21.
             
          
           
             1
             Now
             they
             do
             it
             to
             obtain
             a
             corruptible
             Crown
             ,
             but
             we
             an
             inco●r●ptible
             ,
             1
             Cor.
             9.
             25.
             
          
           
             2
             Heb.
             11.
             33
             ,
             34.
             
          
           
             3
             So
             that
             fighting
             with
             their
             Hands
             ,
             and
             praying
             to
             God
             with
             their
             Hearts
             ,
             they
             slew
             no
             less
             than
             Thirty
             and
             five
             thousand
             Men
             ,
             2
             Mach.
             15.
             27.
             
          
           
             4
             Least
             thou
             say
             in
             thine
             Heart
             ,
             my
             Power
             ,
             and
             the
             might
             of
             my
             Hand
             hath
             gotten
             me
             this
             Victory
             .
             But
             thou
             shalt
             remember
             the
             Lord
             thy
             God
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             he
             that
             hath
             given
             thee
             power
             to
             get
             wealth
             ,
             Deut.
             8.
             17
             ,
             18.
             
          
           
             5
             Take
             this
             Holy
             Sword
             ,
             a
             Gift
             from
             God
             ,
             with
             which
             thou
             shalt
             wound
             the
             Adversaries
             ,
             ●
             Mach.
             15.
             16.
             
          
           
             *
             
               In
               hoc
               signo
               vinces
            
             .
             Euseb.
             I.
             9.
             
             Hist.
             St.
             Ambr.
             Ep.
             29.
             
          
           
             †
             Ge●●br
             .
             l
             ,
             4.
             
             Chron.
             Anno
             1572.
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             6
             Josh.
             23.
             10.
             
          
           
             7
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             8
             They
             fought
             from
             Heaven
             ,
             the
             Stars
             in
             their
             courses
             fought
             against
             Sisera
             .
          
           
             9
             The
             Lord
             ca●t
             down
             great
             Stones
             from
             Heaven
             upon
             them
             to
             Azekah
             ,
             and
             they
             died
             ,
             Iosh
             ,
             10.
             11.
             
          
           
             10
             Judg.
             7.
             22.
             
          
           
             1
             For
             the
             Priest's
             Lips
             should
             keep
             knowledge
             ,
             a●d
             they
             should
             seek
             the
             Law
             at
             his
             Mouth
             ,
             Malach.
             2.
             7.
             
          
           
             2
             Nullae
             res
             multitudinem
             efficacius
             regit
             ,
             quam
             superstitio
             .
             Curtius
             .
          
           
             3
             Censuit
             Asinius
             Gallus
             ,
             ut
             libri
             Sibyllini
             adirentur
             ,
             renuit
             Tiberi●s
             ,
             perinde
             divina
             humanaque
             obtegens
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Many
             of
             them
             also
             which
             us'd
             curious
             Arts
             ,
             brought
             their
             Books
             together
             ,
             and
             burnt
             them
             before
             all
             Men
             ,
             Acts
             19.
             19.
             
          
           
             5
             And
             they
             arose
             up
             early
             on
             the
             morrow
             ,
             and
             offered
             burnt
             offerings
             ,
             and
             burnt
             peace-offerings
             ;
             and
             the
             People
             sat
             down
             to
             eat
             ,
             and
             to
             drink
             ,
             and
             rose
             up
             to
             play
             ,
             Exod.
             32.
             6.
             
          
           
             6
             Eos
             vero
             qui
             in
             divinis
             aliquid
             innovant
             ,
             odio
             habe
             ,
             &
             coerce
             ,
             non
             Deorum
             solum
             causâ
             (
             quos
             tamen
             qui
             contemnit
             ,
             nec
             aliud
             sane
             magni
             feceri●
             )
             sed
             quia
             nova
             quaedam
             numina
             hi
             tales
             introducentes
             ,
             multos
             impellunt
             ad
             mut●●ionem
             rerum
             ,
             unde
             Conjurationes
             ,
             Seditiones
             ,
             Conciliabula
             existunt
             ,
             res
             profecto
             minimè
             conducibiles
             Principatui
             .
             Dion
             .
          
           
             7
             Deorum
             inj●rias
             Dii●
             curae
             ,
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Sanctius
             ,
             ac
             reverentius
             visum
             ,
             de
             actis
             Deorum
             credere
             ,
             quam
             scire
             .
             
               Tac.
               de
               Mor.
               Germ.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Neque
             nisi
             Romani
             Dei
             ,
             nec
             quo
             ali●
             more
             ,
             quam
             parvo
             colerentur
             ,
             
               T.
               Liv.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Quia
             externae
             superstitiones
             valescant
             ,
             
               Tac.
               11.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Nam
             recte
             disponere
             ,
             recteque
             judicare
             ,
             qui
             potest
             ,
             is
             est
             Princeps
             &
             imperator
             .
             Menand
             .
          
           
             2
             Who
             seek
             Wisdom
             upon
             Earth
             ,
             the
             Merchants
             of
             Merrhan
             and
             Theman
             ,
             the
             Authors
             of
             Fables
             ,
             and
             Searchers
             out
             of
             Understanding
             ;
             none
             of
             these
             have
             known
             the
             way
             of
             Wisdom
             ,
             or
             remember
             her
             Paths
             ,
             
               Baruch
               3.
               v.
            
             23.
             
          
           
             3
             All
             Scripture
             is
             given
             by
             Inspiration
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             is
             profitable
             for
             Doctrine
             ,
             for
             Reproof
             ,
             for
             Correction
             ,
             for
             Instruction
             in
             Righteousness
             ,
             2
             Tim.
             3.
             16.
             
          
           
             4
             And
             he
             shall
             read
             therein
             all
             the
             days
             of
             his
             Life
             ,
             Deut.
             17.
             
             1●
             .
          
           
             5
             Praeficiebat
             rebus
             literatos
             ,
             &
             maximè
             qui
             historiam
             norant
             ,
             requirans
             〈◊〉
             in
             talibus
             causis
             ,
             quales
             in
             disceptatione
             versabantur
             ,
             veteres
             impera●●●
             fecissent
             .
             Lamp.
             
          
           
             6
             She
             knoweth
             things
             of
             old
             ,
             and
             conje●●●eth
             aright
             what
             is
             to
             come
             ,
             Wisd.
             8.
             8.
             
          
           
             7
             Eccles.
             1.
             9.
             
          
           
             8
             Wo
             to
             the
             idle
             Shepherd
             that
             leaveth
             his
             Flock
             ,
             Zach.
             11.
             17.
             
          
           
             9
             They
             have
             Mouths
             ,
             but
             they
             speak
             not
             ;
             Eyes
             have
             they
             ,
             but
             they
             see
             not
             ;
             Ears
             have
             they
             ,
             but
             they
             hear
             not
             ;
             Noses
             have
             they
             ,
             but
             they
             smell
             not
             ,
             Psalm
             115.
             5.
             
          
           
             10
             We
             know
             that
             an
             Idol
             is
             nothing
             i●
             the
             World
             ,
             1
             Cor.
             8.
             4.
             
          
           
             11
             Give
             therefore
             thy
             Servant
             an
             understanding
             heart
             to
             judg●
             thy
             People
             ,
             that
             I
             may
             discern
             between
             good
             and
             bad
             ,
             I
             Kings
             3.
             9.
             
          
           
             1
             Plures
             aliorum
             eventis
             docentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             2
             Quippe
             fa●●
             ▪
             spe
             ,
             veneratione
             potius
             omnes
             destinabantur
             Imper●●
             ,
             quam
             quem
             fatu●●m
             Principem
             for●una
             in
             occulto
             tene●●t
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             3
             1
             Sam.
             10.
             6.
             
          
           
             1
             1
             Sam.
             11.
             5.
             
          
           
             2
             Jon.
             3.
             5.
             
          
           
             3
             Judith
             14.
             10
             ▪
             
          
           
             4
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             5
             Eccl.
             19.
             26.
             
          
           
             6
             Eccl.
             19.
             27.
             
          
           
             7
             Quod
             precibus
             non
             potuit
             t●dio
             impetravit
             .
             
               D.
               Hieron
            
             .
          
           
             8
             2
             Kings
             8.
             9.
             
          
           
             1
             Nihil
             rerum
             mortalium
             tam
             instabile
             ac
             fl●xum
             est
             ,
             quam
             famae
             potentiae
             ,
             non
             sua
             vi
             ni●a
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             2
             Melius
             Divo
             Iulio
             ,
             Divoque
             Augusto
             notos
             eorum
             animos
             Galbam
             ,
             &
             infracta
             tributa
             ,
             hostiles
             Spiritus
             induisse
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Nomine
             tantum
             ,
             &
             auctore
             opus
             ,
             ut
             sponte
             Caesaris
             ,
             ut
             genus
             Arsacis
             ,
             ripam
             apud
             Euphratis
             cerneretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Nunquam
             obscura
             ,
             nomina
             ,
             etsi
             aliquando
             obumbrentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Erat
             grande
             momentum
             ,
             in
             nomine
             Vrbis
             ,
             &
             praetextu
             senatus
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Nec
             d●erat
             Otho
             protendens
             manus
             adorare
             vulgum
             ,
             jacere
             oscula
             ,
             &
             omnia
             serviliter
             pro
             dominatione
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Caeterum
             ad
             supplenda
             exercitus
             damna
             ,
             certavere
             Gallia
             ,
             Hispania
             ,
             Italia
             ,
             quod
             cuique
             promp●um
             ,
             arma
             ,
             equos
             ,
             au●um
             ●fferentes
             ,
             quorum
             laud●to
             studio
             Germanicus
             ,
             armis
             modo
             &
             equis
             ad
             bellum
             sumptis
             ,
             propria
             pecunia
             militem
             juvit
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Legatis
             gratiae
             actae
             pro
             magnificentia
             cu●aque
             ,
             Patera
             quae
             minimi
             ponderis
             fuit
             accepta
             .
             
               Liv.
               l.
            
             22.
             
          
           
             9
             Gratiae
             actae
             ,
             ●●rum
             non
             acceptum
             .
             Liv.
             22.
             
          
           
             10
             Visuque
             &
             auditu
             juxta
             venerabilis
             ,
             cum
             magnitudinem
             ,
             &
             gravi●atem
             summae
             fortunae
             re●ineret
             invidiam
             &
             a●●ogantiam
             e●●ugeret
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Hest.
             15.
             9.
             
          
           
             12
             Exod.
             28.
             2.
             
          
           
             13
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             14
             Job
             40.
             4.
             
          
           
             15
             Psalm
             103.
             2.
             
          
           
             16
             Job
             40.
             5.
             
          
           
             17
             Psalm
             81.
             6.
             
          
           
             18
             Eccl.
             2.
             4.
             
          
           
             19
             Prov.
             22.
             29.
             
          
           
             20
             Job
             25.
             2.
             
          
           
             21
             Isaiah
             9.
             6.
             
          
           
             22
             Neve
             Tiberius
             vim
             principatus
             resolveret
             ,
             cuncta
             ad
             senatum
             vocando
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             23
             Vite●●um
             subitis
             offensis
             ,
             aut
             intempestivis
             blanditiis
             mutabilem
             contemnebant
             metue●antque
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             24
             Optimus
             quisque
             mortalium
             altissima
             cupere
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             25
             Ade●
             non
             Principatus
             appetens
             ,
             ut
             parum
             effageret
             ne
             dignus
             crederetur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             26
             Primum
             domum
             suam
             coercuit
             ,
             quod
             plerisque
             haud
             minus
             arduum
             〈◊〉
             ,
             quam
             Provinciam
             regere
             ;
             nihil
             per
             liber●os
             ,
             servosque
             publicae
             rei
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vir.
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             27
             Iam
             afferebant
             cuncta
             venalia
             praepotentes
             liber●i
             servorum
             manus
             sub●tis
             avidae
             tanquam
             apud
             senem
             festinantes
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             28
             Modesta
             servitia
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             29
             Aratores
             in
             Aegypto
             Coelum
             no●
             suspiciunt
             .
             Pli●
             .
          
           
             1
             Offensionem
             pro
             utilitate
             publica
             non
             pavidum
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             2
             Nihil
             gloriosum
             nisi
             tutum
             ,
             &
             omnia
             retinendae
             dominationis
             〈◊〉
             .
             Sallust
             .
          
           
             3
             Tanto
             impensius
             in
             sccuritatem
             compositus
             ,
             neque
             loco
             ,
             neque
             〈…〉
             ,
             sed
             ut
             s●litum
             per
             illos
             d●es
             egit
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             4
             1
             Sam.
             10.
             27.
             
          
           
             5
             1
             Sam.
             11.
             12.
             
          
           
             6
             Non
             ex
             rumore
             statuendum
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               Ann
            
          
           
             7
             Si
             ubi
             jubeantur
             ,
             quaerere
             singulis
             〈◊〉
             ;
             pereunte
             obsequio
             ,
             e●●am
             〈◊〉
             interci●it
             ,
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Psalm
             118.
             39.
             
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             9
             Sectari
             cantantem
             solitus
             ,
             non
             necessitate
             ,
             qua
             honestissimus
             quisq●e
             ,
             sed
             i●
             Luxu
             &
             sagina
             mancipatus
             emptusque
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             1
             In
             ipso
             nihil
             tumidum
             ,
             arrog●●s
             ,
             aut
             in
             rebus
             novis
             novum
             fuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             2
             Frons
             privata
             manet
             ,
             non
             se
             meruisse
             fatetur
             ,
             Qui
             crevisse
             putat
             .
             Cla●d
             .
          
           
             3
             Nullum
             turbati
             ,
             aut
             exultantis
             animi
             m●tum
             prodidisse
             ,
             ●ermo
             erga
             ●●rem
             ,
             Imperatoremque
             reverens
             :
             de
             se
             moderatus
             ,
             ●hil
             in
             vultu
             .
             ha●●qe
             mutatum
             ,
             quasi
             imperare
             posset
             magis
             quam
             veilet
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Vlacidus
             ore
             ,
             intrepidus
             verbis
             ,
             intempestivas
             suo●rum
             lathry●●●●ercens
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Haec
             audita
             ,
             quanquam
             abstrusum
             ,
             &
             tristissima
             quoque
             maxi●●
             occultantem
             Tiberium
             pertule●unt
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Simul
             Oth●●
             vultum
             intn●eri
             ,
             atque
             eve●t
             inclinatis
             ad
             suspicionem
             mentibus
             ,
             cum
             ti●●
             ret
             Otho
             timebatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Fides
             metu
             infracta
             .
             Tac.
             3.
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             8
             2
             Sam.
             1.
             11.
             
          
           
             9
             Jos.
             7.
             6.
             
          
           
             10
             Job
             2.
             10.
             
          
           
             11
             Non
             ut
             profugus
             aut
             supplex
             ,
             sed
             ex
             memoria
             prioris
             fortunae
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Mithridates
             terra
             marique
             per
             tot
             annos
             Romanis
             quaesitis
             ,
             sponte
             adsum
             ;
             utere
             ,
             ut
             voles
             ,
             prole
             magni
             Achemeis
             ,
             quod
             mihi
             solum
             hostes
             non
             abstulerunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               12.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             13
             M●ta●●●e
             rerum
             ,
             &
             prece
             haud
             degenerare
             permotus
             .
             
               Tac.
               12.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Simul
             Segestes
             ipse
             ingens
             visu
             ,
             &
             memor
             ia
             bonae
             societatis
             impavidus
             ;
             verba
             ejus
             in
             hunc
             modum
             fuere
             .
          
           
             15
             Etiam
             illum
             ,
             qui
             libertatem
             publicam
             nollet
             ,
             tam
             projectae
             servi●ntium
             patientiae
             cedebat
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             16
             Nulla
             offensa
             ,
             sed
             mit●●
             &
             injuriam
             segniter
             laturum
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             17
             Avitae
             nobilitatis
             eti●●
             inter
             angustias
             fortunae
             retinens
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Nul
             '
             os
             mortalium
             armis
             ,
             &
             fide
             ante
             Germanos
             esse
             .
             
               Tac
               13.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             19
             Quod
             comiter
             à
             visentibus
             exceptum
             ,
             quasi
             impetus
             antiqui
             ,
             &
             bona
             ●mulatione
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Actaeque
             insuper
             Vitell●
             gratiae
             ,
             consuetudine
             servitii
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             21
             Seneca
             (
             qui
             finis
             omnium
             cum
             dominante
             sermonum
             )
             gratias
             agit
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             22
             Constantia
             orationis
             ,
             &
             quia
             repertus
             erat
             qui
             efferret
             quae
             omnes
             animo
             agitabant
             ,
             
               &c.
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             23
             Vbi
             nihil
             pro
             innocentia
             ,
             quasi
             diffideret
             ,
             nec
             beneficiis
             ,
             quasi
             exprobraret
             ,
             disseruit
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             24
             Praefectus
             nisi
             formam
             suam
             referat
             ,
             mali
             fati
             instar
             subditis
             efficitur
             .
             
               Them.
               Orat.
            
             17.
             
          
           
             25
             Cant.
             5.
             11
             ,
             14.
             
          
           
             1
             Vt
             nullum
             ferox
             verbum
             excideret
             .
             
               Tit.
               liv
            
             .
          
           
             2
             Eccl.
             11.
             4.
             
          
           
             3
             Quem
             casum
             ,
             neque
             ,
             ut
             plerique
             fortium
             virorum
             ,
             ambitiosè
             ,
             neque
             per
             lamenta
             rursus
             ,
             ac
             terrorem
             multebrem
             tuli●
             ,
             &
             in
             lustu
             ,
             bellum
             inter
             remedia
             erat
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Prov.
             14.
             17.
             
          
           
             5
             Octogentorum
             annorum
             fortuna
             ,
             disciplinaque
             ,
             compages
             haec
             coal●●
             ;
             quae
             convelli
             sine
             excidio
             convellentium
             non
             potest
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Multorum
             improbitate
             depressa
             veritas
             emergit
             ,
             &
             innocentiae
             desens●
             interclusa
             respirat
             .
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             2
             Secundae
             res
             acrioribus
             flimulis
             animum
             exploravit
             ;
             quia
             miseri●
             toler
             antur
             ,
             felicitate
             corrumpimur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Dan.
             3.
             50.
             
          
           
             4
             Job
             42.
             12.
             
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             1
             Reputante
             Tiberio
             ,
             publicum
             sibi
             ●dium
             ,
             extremam
             aetatem
             ,
             magisque
             fama
             ,
             quam
             vi
             stare
             res
             sua●
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Cur
             hostem
             concitet
             ?
             adversa
             in
             Remp.
             casura
             ;
             sin
             prosperè
             egisset
             ,
             formidolos●m
             paci
             virum
             insignem
             ,
             &
             ignavo
             principi
             praegravem
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Ann.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Tac.
             3.
             
             Ann.
             
          
           
             6
             Neque
             alients
             consilis
             regi
             ,
             neque
             sua
             expedire
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Surdae
             ad
             fortia
             consilia
             Vitellio
             aures
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Proinde
             intuta
             quae
             indecora
             ;
             vel
             si
             cadere
             necesse
             sit
             ,
             occurrendu●
             〈◊〉
             ,
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             2
             Tanto
             impensius
             in
             securitatem
             compositus
             ,
             neque
             loco
             ,
             neque
             vultu
             mutato
             ,
             sed
             ut
             solitum
             per
             illos
             dies
             egit
             ;
             alti●●dine
             animi
             ,
             an
             competerat
             ,
             modica
             esse
             &
             v●lgatis
             leviora
             ?
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Quia
             in
             metu
             consilia
             prudentium
             ,
             &
             vulgi
             rumor
             juxta
             audiun●●
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             4
             2
             Kings
             6.
             7.
             
          
           
             5
             Nemo
             mortalium
             juxta
             viperam
             secures
             somnos
             sapit
             ,
             quae
             etsi
             non
             percutiat
             certe
             solicitat
             ;
             tutius
             est
             perire
             non
             posse
             ,
             quam
             juxta
             pericul●m
             〈◊〉
             periisse
             .
             
               Sanct.
               Hier.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Corporis
             custodiam
             tutissimam
             esse
             putatam
             in
             virtute
             amicorum
             ,
             tum
             in
             benevolentia
             civium
             esse
             collocatam
             .
             
               Isocr
               .
               ad
               Nic.
            
             
          
           
             2
             Salvum
             Principem
             in
             aperto
             clementia
             praestabit
             ,
             vivum
             erit
             inexpugnabile
             monument
             ●n
             amor
             civium
             .
             
               Sen.
               de
               Clem.
               lib.
               1
               ca.
            
             19.
             
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             3
             Nec
             quisquam
             tibi
             fidelior
             militum
             ●uit
             ,
             dum
             amari
             meruisti
             ,
             odisse
             ●aepi
             postquam
             parricida
             Matris
             &
             Uxo●is
             ,
             auriga
             ,
             histrio
             ,
             &
             incendiar●us
             extitisti
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             4
             Clarit●●ine
             paucos
             inter
             senatum
             Regum
             ,
             siperinde
             amorem
             inter
             populares
             ,
             quam
             metum
             apud
             hostes
             quaesivisset
             .
             
               Tac.
               11.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             I●geus
             gloria
             ,
             atque
             eo
             f●rocior
             ,
             &
             subjectis
             intolerantior
             ,
             
               Tac.
               11.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             6
             Wisd.
             17.
             11.
             
          
           
             7
             Timore
             Princeps
             ●ciem
             authoritatis
             suae
             non
             patitur
             hebescere
             .
             
               Cic.
               1.
               
               Ca●
            
             .
          
           
             8
             Ps.
             22.
             4.
             
             Exod.
             19.
             
          
           
             9
             Ita
             agere
             in
             subjectis
             ,
             ut
             magi●
             vereantur
             severitatem
             ,
             quam
             ut
             saevitiam
             ejus
             detestentur
             .
             Colum.
             
          
           
             10
             Isa.
             14.
             5
             ,
             6.
             
          
           
             1
             Prov.
             16.
             15.
             
          
           
             2
             Jud.
             6.
             37.
             
          
           
             3
             Comitas
             facile
             faustum
             omne
             atterit
             ,
             &
             in
             familiari
             consuetudine
             agrè
             custodias
             illud
             opinionis
             augustum
             .
             
               Herod
               .
               lib.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             4
             Cultu
             modi●us
             ,
             se●mone
             facilis
             ;
             adeo
             ut
             plerique
             ,
             quibus
             magnos
             viros
             per
             ambitionem
             astimare
             mos
             est
             ,
             viso
             aspectoque
             Agricola
             ,
             quaererent
             famam
             ,
             pauci
             interpretarentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Et
             videri
             velle
             non
             asperum
             ,
             sed
             cum
             gravitate
             honestum
             ,
             &
             talem
             ,
             ut
             eum
             non
             timeant
             obvii
             ,
             sed
             magis
             revereantur
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               lib.
               5.
               c.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             6
             Nec
             illi
             quod
             rarissimum
             est
             ,
             aut
             facilitas
             authoritatem
             ▪
             aut
             severitas
             amorem
             diminuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Atque
             ipse
             ,
             ut
             super
             fortunam
             crederetur
             ,
             decorum
             se
             ,
             promptumque
             armis
             ostentabat
             ,
             comitate
             &
             alloquiis
             officia
             provocans
             ,
             ac
             plerumque
             i●
             opere
             ,
             in
             agmine
             ,
             in
             gregario
             militi
             mixtus
             ,
             incorrupto
             ducis
             honore
             .
             
               Tac.
               5.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Claud.
             
          
           
             9
             H●sther
             15.
             11.
             
          
           
             10
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             11
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             12
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             13
             Isai.
             3.
             7.
             
          
           
             14
             Eccl.
             4.
             10.
             
          
           
             15
             Ezek.
             3.
             9.
             
          
           
             16
             Etiam
             fera
             animalia
             si
             clausa
             teneas
             ,
             virtutis
             obliviscuntur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             17
             Eccl.
             23.
             12.
             
          
           
             18
             Continuus
             aspectus
             minus
             verendos
             magnos
             homines
             ipsa
             societate
             f●it
             .
             Liv.
             
          
           
             19
             Arcebantur
             conspectu
             ,
             quo
             venerationis
             plus
             inesset
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Cui
             major
             è
             l●nginquo
             reverenti●
             .
             Tac.
             ●
             .
             ann
             .
          
           
             1
             Ye
             Mountains
             of
             Israel
             ,
             hear
             the
             word
             of
             the
             Lord
             God
             ,
             〈◊〉
             saith
             the
             Lord
             God
             to
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Hills
             ,
             to
             the
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Valleys
             ,
             Ezek.
             6.
             3.
             
          
           
             2
             ●ames
             1.
             5.
             
          
           
             3
             Prov.
             19.
             6.
             
          
           
             4
             Quam
             virtutem
             diu
             retinuit
             ,
             cum
             caeteras
             〈◊〉
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Ac
             velut
             perfringere
             aerarium
             :
             〈◊〉
             si
             〈◊〉
             exhauserimus
             ,
             per
             scelera
             supplendum
             ●rit
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             6
             Psal.
             98.
             4.
             
          
           
             7
             Levit.
             2.
             14.
             
             Eccl.
             35.
             11.
             
          
           
             8
             Eccl.
             35.
             11.
             
          
           
             †
             L.
             3.
             tit
             .
             10.
             lib.
             5.
             
             Recop
             .
          
           
             9
             Prov.
             22.
             9.
             
          
           
             10
             Gen.
             45.
             18.
             
          
           
             11
             Ibid.
             ver
             .
             20.
             
          
           
             12
             Luke
             19.
             26.
             
          
           
             1
             Magni
             animi
             est
             magna
             contemnere
             ,
             prudentis
             est
             mediocria
             malle
             ,
             quam
             nimia
             ;
             ista
             enim
             utilia
             sunt
             :
             illa
             quòd
             superfluunt
             nocent
             .
             Sic
             s●●
             getem
             nimia
             sternit
             ubertas
             ,
             sic
             Rami
             onere
             franguntur
             ,
             sic
             ad
             maturita●em
             non
             pervenit
             nimi●
             foecunditas
             ,
             
               Sen.
               Epist.
            
             39.
             
          
           
             †
             L.
             1.
             tit
             .
             21.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             2
             Mansuram
             discordiam
             ●btendens
             ,
             ●i
             semina
             belli
             restrinxisset
             .
             
               Tac.
               ●
               .
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             3
             2
             Sam.
             9.
             3.
             
          
           
             4
             Hec
             clementia
             non
             minus
             utilis
             victori
             quam
             victo
             fuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Judg
             ▪
             16.
             21.
             
          
           
             6
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             7
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             8
             Quae
             ex
             pluribus
             constat
             resp
             melior
             est
             
               Arist.
               2
               Pol.
               c.
            
             ●
             .
          
           
             9
             Huc
             enim
             sunt
             omnia
             reducenda
             ,
             ut
             iis
             qui
             sub
             imperio
             sunt
             ,
             non
             Tyrannum
             ,
             sed
             patrem-familias
             ,
             aut
             regem
             agere
             videatur
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Arist.
               Pol.
               5.
               c.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             10
             Exod.
             4.
             6.
             
          
           
             11
             Hebr.
             5.
             2.
             
          
           
             12
             Quod
             regnum
             est
             ,
             cui
             parata
             non
             sit
             ruina
             ,
             &
             proculcatio
             ,
             &
             dominus
             ,
             &
             car●fex
             ?
             Nec
             ista
             intervallis
             divisa
             ,
             ●ed
             hor●e
             momentum
             interest
             inter
             soli●m
             ,
             &
             aliena
             genua
             .
             Senec.
             
          
           
             13
             Modestia
             fama
             ,
             quae
             neque
             summis
             mortalium
             spernenda
             est
             ,
             &
             à
             diis
             aestimatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             14
             Acer●éque
             increpuit
             eos
             qui
             divina●
             occupationes
             ,
             ipsumque
             Dominum
             dixerunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             15
             Assid●bat
             in
             corn●
             Tribunalis
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             16
             Non
             ●nim
             solum
             respublica
             ,
             quae
             optima
             sit
             ,
             considerari
             debet
             ,
             sed
             etiam
             quae
             constitui
             possit
             ,
             praetereà
             quae
             facilior
             &
             cunctis
             civitatibus
             communior
             habeatur
             .
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               4
               Pol.
               6.
               c.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             17
             Praeterea
             seditiones
             〈◊〉
             modo
             propter
             fortunarum
             ,
             sed
             etiam
             propter
             honorum
             inaequalitatem
             existunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               2.
               c.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             18
             Sed
             jam
             haec
             consuetudo
             in
             civitatibus
             invaluit
             ,
             ut
             homines
             ,
             aequalitatem
             odio
             hab●ant
             ,
             &
             malint
             ,
             aut
             imperio
             potiri
             ,
             aut
             si
             victi
             fuerint
             ,
             imperio
             subesse
             .
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               4.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             19
             Nam
             qui
             virtute
             praestant
             ,
             iniquo
             animo
             sibi
             indigniores
             aequari
             paterentur
             :
             quamobrem
             sapè
             conspira●e
             ,
             &
             seditio●es
             commovere
             notantur
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               2.
               c.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             †
             Silvest●es
             homines
             sacer
             interpresque
             Deorum
             ,
             Cadibus
             &
             foedo
             victu
             deterruit
             Orpheus
             ,
             Dictus
             ab
             hoc
             lenire
             Tigres
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             *
             Juego
             de
             las
             Cannas
             .
          
           
             1
             Imperaturus
             es
             hominibus
             ,
             qui
             nec
             totam
             servitutem
             pati
             possunt
             ,
             nec
             totam
             libertatem
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             2
             Circumire
             saucios
             ,
             facta
             singulorum
             extollere
             ,
             vulnera
             intuens
             ,
             alium
             spe
             ,
             alium
             gloria
             ,
             cunctos
             alloquio
             &
             〈◊〉
             ,
             sibique
             &
             praelio
             firmabat
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             3
             Tiberius
             tamen
             lu●ibria
             ser●is
             permiscere
             solitus
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             4
             Mis●●
             stultitiam
             consiliis
             brevem
             .
          
           
             5
             Eccl.
             10.
             1.
             
          
           
             1
             Quo
             Leonis
             pellis
             attingere
             non
             potest
             ,
             principi
             assumendam
             Vulpinam
             .
             Plut.
             
          
           
             2
             Fuit
             ,
             cui
             in
             tractandis
             negotiis
             dolus
             malus
             placeret
             ,
             quem
             Regi
             convenire
             sane
             nemo
             dixerit
             ,
             etsi
             non
             desunt
             ,
             qui
             id
             tam
             crebr●●su
             hodie
             doli
             mali
             ,
             necessarium
             eum
             esse
             dicant
             ad
             publicam
             rerum
             administrationem
             .
             
               Polyb.
               13.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Nihil
             gloriosum
             nisi
             tutum
             ,
             &
             omni●
             retinendae
             dominationis
             honesta
             .
             Sal.
             
          
           
             4
             Ubicunque
             tantam
             honesta
             dominanti
             licet
             ,
             praecario
             regnatur
             .
             
               Sen.
               in
               Trag
               ▪
               Thyest.
            
             
          
           
             5
             A
             Lion
             which
             is
             the
             strongest
             among
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             turneth
             not
             away
             for
             any
             .
             Prov.
             30.
             30.
             
          
           
             6
             And
             he
             made
             as
             though
             he
             would
             have
             gone
             farther
             .
             Luke
             24.
             28.
             
          
           
             7
             And
             he
             changed
             his
             behaviour
             before
             them
             ,
             and
             feign'd
             himself
             mad
             in
             their
             hands
             ,
             and
             scr●bbled
             on
             the
             doors
             of
             the
             gate
             ,
             and
             let
             his
             Spittle
             fall
             down
             upon
             his
             Bea●●
             ,
             1
             Sam
             21.
             13.
             
          
           
             8
             And
             the
             Lord
             said
             ,
             take
             a
             Heifer
             with
             thee
             and
             say
             ,
             I
             am
             come
             to
             sacrifice
             to
             the
             Lord
             ,
             1
             Sam
             16.
             2.
             
          
           
             9
             And
             he
             put
             the
             skins
             of
             the
             Kids
             of
             the
             Goats
             upon
             his
             〈◊〉
             ,
             and
             〈…〉
             the
             smooth
             of
             his
             neck
             ,
             〈◊〉
             27.
             16.
             
          
           
             10
             Simul
             simplicitatis
             ,
             ac
             modestiae
             imagine
             conditus
             ,
             studiumque
             literarum
             ,
             &
             amorem
             carminum
             simulans
             ,
             qu●
             velaret
             animum
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Retinuitque
             quod
             difficillimum
             est
             ,
             ex
             sapientia
             modum
             .
             
               Tac
               in
               vit
               .
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Wherefore
             when
             Saul
             saw
             that
             he
             behaved
             himself
             very
             wisely
             ,
             he
             was
             afraid
             of
             him
             ,
             1.
             
             Sam.
             18.
             15.
             
          
           
             1
             But
             canst
             not
             tell
             whence
             it
             cometh
             ,
             and
             whither
             it
             goeth
             .
             Ioh.
             3.
             8.
             
          
           
             2
             And
             who
             is
             able
             to
             discover
             his
             ways
             ?
             Eccl.
             16.
             19.
             
          
           
             3
             And
             with
             twain
             he
             covered
             his
             feet
             ,
             Isai.
             6.
             2.
             
          
           
             4
             Primo
             prudentes
             ,
             dein
             vulgum
             ,
             diutissimè
             Provincias
             fefellit
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Et
             baculum
             intorquens
             emittit
             in
             auras
             ,
             Principium
             pugnae
             .
             Virg.
             
          
           
             6
             And
             Iephtha
             sent
             Messengers
             unto
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Children
             of
             Ammon
             ,
             saying
             ,
             What
             hast
             thou
             to
             do
             with
             me
             ,
             that
             thou
             art
             come
             against
             me
             to
             fight
             in
             my
             Land
             ?
             Iudg.
             11.
             12.
             
          
           
             7
             Ne
             dissimulans
             suspectior
             foret
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Solum
             insidiarum
             remedium
             esse
             si
             non
             intelligerentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Consulto
             ambiguns
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             10
             Quibus
             usus
             metus
             si
             intelligere
             viderentur
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             11
             Intelligebantur
             artes
             :
             sed
             pars
             obsequii
             〈…〉
             ne
             deprehenderentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Abditos
             Principis
             sensus
             ,
             &
             〈◊〉
             quid
             occultius
             parat
             exquir●re
             illicitum
             ,
             anceps
             ,
             nec
             ideo
             assequare
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             13
             Eo
             aegrius
             accepit
             recludi
             quae
             premeret
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             14
             Haud
             ●●●●ctatus
             est
             ultra
             Germanicus
             ;
             quanquam
             fingi
             ea
             seque
             per
             invidiam
             ●●rto
             jam
             decori
             abstrahi
             intelligeret
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             15
             Si
             intelligere
             videretur
             ,
             vim
             metuens
             ,
             in
             urbem
             properat
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             16
             Tr●pida●●●
             à
             circumsedentibus
             ,
             diffugiunt
             imprudentes
             ,
             at
             quibus
             altior
             intellectus
             ,
             resistunt
             defixi
             ,
             &
             Neronem
             intuentes
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               Non
               decet
               ignavum
               totâ
               producere
               somnum
            
             
               N●cte
               virum
               ,
               sub
               consilio
               ,
               sub
               nomine
               cujus
            
             
               T●t
               populi
               degunt
               ,
               cui
               rerum
               cura
               ,
               fidesque
            
             
               Credita
               summarum
               est
               .
            
          
           
             1
             Dicta
             factaque
             ejus
             quanto
             solutiora
             ,
             &
             quandam
             sui
             negligentia●
             praeferentia
             ,
             tantò
             gratius
             in
             speciem
             simplicitatis
             accipiebantur
             .
             
               Tac.
               16.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Ezek.
             2.
             6.
             
          
           
             2
             Semper
             cauda
             in
             ictu
             est
             ,
             nulloque
             momento
             meditari
             cessat
             ,
             ne
             quan●o
             desit
             occasioni
             .
             
               Plin.
               lib.
               11.
               c.
            
             25.
             
          
           
             3
             Q●anqua●
             〈◊〉
             or●●t●one
             ,
             quaedam
             de
             habitu
             ,
             cultuque
             &
             institutis
             ejus
             fecer●t●
             quae
             velut
             excusand●
             exprobraret
             .
             
               Tac.
               1
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             4
             Unde
             amico
             infamiam
             parat
             ,
             inde
             gloriam
             sibi
             re●ipere
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Pessimum
             ini●icorum
             genus
             ,
             ●●udantes
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Secr●tis
             cum
             criminationibus
             infa●●n●verat
             ,
             ignarum
             ,
             &
             quo
             cautius
             dec●peretur
             ,
             palam
             laudat●●●
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Psal.
             78.
             57.
             
          
           
             8
             Hos.
             7.
             16.
             
          
           
             9
             Multaque
             de
             virtute
             ejus
             memoravit
             ,
             magis
             in
             speciem
             verbis
             ad●rnata
             quam
             ut
             penitus
             sentire
             crederetur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             10
             Igitur
             Mucianus
             quia
             propalam
             opprimi
             Antonius
             nequibat
             ,
             multis
             in
             senatu
             laudil●s
             cumulatum
             s●cretis
             promissis
             onerat
             ,
             Citerierem
             Hispaiam
             ostenta●s
             discessu
             Cluvii
             Rufi
             vacuam
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Sed
             callidè
             ut
             ignotum
             〈◊〉
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             13
             Odia
             in
             longum
             jacens
             ,
             quae
             reconderet
             .
             auct●que
             prom●r●t
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
          
           
             14
             Devise
             not
             (
             Lat.
             
               noli
               arare
            
             )
             a
             lye
             against
             thy
             Brothers
             ▪
             Eccl
             7.
             13.
             
          
           
             15
             Ye
             have
             plowed
             wickedness
             ,
             ye
             have
             reaped
             iniquity
             ,
             ye
             have
             eaten
             the
             fruit
             of
             Lyes
             ,
             Hos.
             10.
             13.
             
          
           
             16
             And
             he
             said
             ,
             I
             will
             go
             forth
             and
             be
             a
             Lying
             Spirit
             in
             the
             mouth
             of
             all
             his
             Prophets
             ,
             1
             Kin.
             22.
             22.
             
          
           
             17
             And
             they
             rose
             up
             early
             in
             the
             Morning
             ,
             and
             the
             Sun
             shone
             upon
             the
             Waters
             ,
             and
             the
             Moabites
             saw
             the
             water
             on
             the
             other
             side
             as
             red
             as
             Blood
             ,
             2
             Kings
             3.
             22.
             
          
           
             18
             And
             Ioshu●
             heard
             the
             noise
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             as
             they
             shouted
             ,
             he
             said
             unto
             Moses
             ,
             There
             is
             a
             noise
             of
             war
             in
             the
             camp
             .
             And
             he
             said
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             the
             voice
             of
             them
             that
             shout
             for
             Mastery
             ,
             neither
             is
             it
             the
             voice
             of
             them
             that
             cry
             for
             being
             overcome
             :
             but
             the
             noise
             of
             them
             that
             sing
             ,
             do
             I
             hear
             ,
             Exod.
             32.
             17
             ,
             18.
             
          
           
             19
             I
             will
             go
             down
             now
             ,
             and
             see
             whether
             they
             have
             done
             altogether
             according
             to
             the
             cry
             of
             it
             ,
             which
             is
             come
             unto
             me
             ;
             and
             if
             not
             ,
             I
             will
             know
             ,
             Gen.
             18.
             21.
             
          
           
             20
             Non
             authoris
             ,
             non
             ipsius
             negotii
             side
             satis
             spectata
             ,
             nec
             missis
             visoribus
             per
             quos
             nosceret
             an
             vera
             ass●rerentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               16.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             21
             Plebei●
             ingenia
             exemplis
             ●agis
             quam
             ratione
             capiuntur
             .
             Macrob.
             
          
           
             1
             Quas●
             scelere
             contaminaretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             2
             At
             ille
             moriturum
             potiùs
             quam
             fidem
             exueret
             ,
             clamitans
             ,
             ferrum
             à
             latere
             diripuit
             ,
             elatumque
             deferebat
             in
             pectus
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Sed
             quod
             largiendis
             pecuniis
             &
             mission●●estinata
             favorem
             militum
             quaefivisset
             ,
             belli●a
             quoque
             Germanici
             gloria
             aug●batur
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Quod
             Tiberio
             haud
             probatum
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Id
             S●berit
             animum
             altius
             penetravit
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Cuncta
             Germanici
             in
             deterius
             trahenti
             .
             
               Id.
               Ibid.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Quanto
             summe
             spei
             propi●r
             ,
             tanto
             impensi●s
             pro
             Tiber●o
             niti
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Novisq●e
             provinc●is
             impositum
             ,
             dolo
             simul
             &
             cafibus
             objectaret
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Na●
             G●rmanici
             mortem
             inter
             prospera
             ducebat
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             10
             Their
             eyes
             be
             full
             of
             dust
             ,
             through
             the
             feet
             of
             them
             that
             come
             in
             .
             Baruc.
             6.
             17.
             
          
           
             11
             Prov.
             25.
             3.
             
          
           
             12
             Nobilitas
             ,
             opes
             ,
             omissi
             g●stique
             honores
             pro
             crimine
             &
             ob
             virtutes
             certissimum
             exitium
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             13
             And
             Uzzah
             put
             forth
             his
             hand
             to
             the
             Ark
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             took
             hold
             of
             it
             ,
             for
             the
             Oxen
             shook
             it
             And
             the
             anger
             of
             the
             Lord
             was
             kindled
             against
             Uzzah
             ,
             and
             God
             smote
             him
             there
             for
             his
             error
             ,
             and
             there
             he
             died
             by
             the
             Ark
             of
             God
             ,
             2
             Sam.
             6.
             6.
             
          
           
             14
             Lugdune●sis
             Galliae
             rector
             ,
             genere
             illustris
             ,
             largus
             animo
             ,
             &
             par
             opibus
             ,
             circumdaret
             Principi
             ministeria
             ▪
             comitaretur
             liberaliter
             ,
             〈◊〉
             ipso
             ingratus
             quamvis
             ,
             odium
             Vitellius
             humilibus
             blanditiis
             velaret
             .
             
               Tic.
               2.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             15
             And
             no
             man
             knoweth
             either
             Love
             or
             Hatred
             ,
             by
             all
             that
             is
             before
             them
             ,
             E●●l
             .
             9.
             1.
             
          
           
             16
             Now
             when
             
             Iob's
             three
             Friends
             heard
             of
             all
             this
             evil
             that
             was
             come
             upon
             him
             ,
             they
             came
             every
             one
             from
             his
             own
             place
             ,
             
               V.
               Lat.
               v●nerunt
               sicut
               locutus
               est
               dominus
               ad
               eos
               ,
            
             Job
             2.
             9.
             
          
           
             17
             Then
             came
             there
             unto
             him
             all
             his
             Brethren
             ,
             and
             all
             his
             Sisters
             ,
             and
             all
             that
             had
             been
             of
             his
             acquaintance
             before
             ,
             and
             did
             eat
             Bread
             with
             him
             in
             his
             house
             ,
             Iob
             4●
             .
             11.
             
          
           
             18
             Prov.
             6.
             1.
             
          
           
             19
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             20
             Ne
             vana
             ,
             &
             reo
             non
             profitura
             ,
             intercessori
             exitiosa
             inciperet
             .
             
               Tac.
               16
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             21
             Nullius
             servilis
             sententiae
             sponte
             author
             ,
             &
             quoties
             necessitas
             ingrueret
             ,
             sapi●ntèr
             moderans
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Wo
             unto
             them
             that
             call
             evil
             good
             and
             good
             evil
             ;
             that
             put
             darkness
             for
             light
             ,
             and
             light
             for
             darkness
             ;
             that
             put
             bitter
             for
             sweet
             ,
             and
             sweet
             for
             bitter
             ,
             Isai.
             5.
             20.
             
          
           
             2
             When
             a
             man
             shall
             have
             in
             the
             skin
             of
             his
             Flesh
             ,
             a
             rising
             ,
             a
             scab
             ,
             or
             bright
             spot
             ,
             Levit.
             13.
             2.
             
          
           
             3
             Sponte
             dixisse
             ,
             Respondit
             ;
             neque
             in
             its
             quae
             and
             remp
             .
             pertinerent
             ,
             consilio
             nisi
             su●●surum
             ,
             vel
             cum
             periculo
             offensionis
             ,
             ea
             sola
             species
             adulandi
             supererat
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             4
             Palam
             aspernante
             Atieo
             Capitone
             quasi
             per
             libertatem
             .
             N●●
             enim
             debere
             eripi
             patribus
             vim
             statuendi
             ,
             neque
             tantum
             maleficium
             impune
             habendum
             ;
             sane
             lentius
             in
             suo
             dolore
             esset
             ;
             reipub
             .
             dolores
             ne
             largiretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             5
             O
             my
             People
             ,
             they
             which
             lead
             thee
             cause
             thee
             to
             err
             ,
             and
             destroy
             the
             way
             of
             thy
             paths
             ,
             Isa.
             3.
             12.
             
          
           
             6
             Elanditiae
             pessimum
             veri
             affectus
             venenum
             ;
             sua
             cuique
             utilitas
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Quae
             ab
             haeredibus
             occultata
             ,
             recitari
             Tiberius
             jussit
             :
             patientiam
             libert
             at
             is
             alienae
             ostentans
             ,
             &
             contemptor
             suae
             infamiae
             ,
             an
             scelerum
             Sejani
             dici
             nescius
             ,
             mox
             quodam
             modo
             dicta
             vulgari
             malebat
             ,
             veritatisqui
             cui
             officit
             adulatio
             ,
             per
             probra
             saltem
             gnarus
             fieri
             .
             
               T●c
               .
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             8
             It
             is
             better
             to
             hear
             the
             rebuke
             of
             the
             wise
             ,
             than
             for
             a
             man
             to
             hear
             the
             Song
             of
             Fools
             ,
             Eccl.
             7.
             6.
             
          
           
             9
             And
             Samuel
             feared
             to
             shew
             Eli
             the
             Vision
             ,
             1
             Sam.
             3.
             15.
             
          
           
             10
             And
             he
             said
             ,
             What
             is
             the
             thing
             that
             the
             Lord
             hath
             said
             unto
             thee
             ?
             I
             pray
             thee
             hide
             it
             not
             from
             me
             ,
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             11
             And
             Saul
             disguised
             himself
             ,
             and
             put
             on
             other
             raiment
             ,
             and
             he
             went
             ,
             1
             Sam.
             28.
             8.
             
          
           
             12
             1
             King
             14.
             2.
             
          
           
             13
             Prov.
             25.
             2.
             
          
           
             14
             Cr●brisque
             precibus
             efflagit
             abant
             ,
             visendi
             sui
             copiam
             facerent
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             15
             Vidisse
             civium
             moestos
             vultus
             ,
             audire
             secretas
             quarimonias
             ,
             quod
             tantum
             aditurus
             esset
             iter
             ,
             cujus
             ne
             modicos
             quidem
             egressus
             tolerarent
             ,
             sueti
             adversum
             fortuit
             a
             aspectu
             Principis
             ref●veri
             .
          
           
             16
             Senatus
             &
             Primat●●
             in
             incerto
             erant
             .
             procul
             ,
             an
             coram
             atrocior
             haberetur
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             17
             Contumacius
             loqui
             non
             est
             tutum
             apud
             aures
             superbas
             ,
             &
             offensioni
             proniores
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             18
             Nam
             suadere
             Principi
             quod
             oporteat
             ,
             multi
             laboris
             ,
             &
             periculi
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             19
             Etiam
             ego
             &
             tu
             simplicissimè
             inter
             nos
             hodie
             loquimur
             ,
             caeteri
             libe●tius
             cum
             fortunâ
             ▪
             quam
             nobiscum
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Audiente
             h●c
             Tiberio
             ,
             ac
             silente
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             21
             Intellexit
             haec
             Tiberius
             ,
             ut
             erant
             magis
             ,
             quam
             ●t
             dicebantur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Mar.
               hist.
               Hisp.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             22
             1
             Kings
             22.
             8.
             
          
           
             23
             After
             their
             own
             Lusts
             they
             shall
             heap
             to
             themselves
             teachers
             ,
             2
             Tim.
             4.
             3.
             
          
           
             24
             And
             Mi●ah
             said
             ,
             as
             the
             Lord
             liveth
             ,
             even
             what
             my
             God
             saith
             ,
             that
             will
             I
             speak
             ,
             2
             Chron.
             18.
             13.
             
          
           
             25
             Gen.
             41.
             22.
             
             &
             Dan.
             4
             2.
             
          
           
             27
             Moderatione
             tamen
             prudentiâque
             Agricolae
             leniebatur
             ,
             quia
             non
             contumaciâ
             neque
             inani
             jactatione
             libertatis
             famam
             ,
             fatumque
             provocabat
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             28
             Posse
             etiam
             sub
             malis
             Principibus
             magnos
             viros
             esse
             .
             
               Tac
               in
               vit
               .
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             29
             Nam
             pleraque
             ab
             saevis
             adulationibus
             aliorum
             in
             melius
             flexit
             :
             neque
             tamen
             temperamenti
             egebat
             ,
             cum
             ●
             quabili
             authoritate
             ,
             &
             gratia
             apud
             Tiber●um
             viguerit
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               an
            
             .
          
           
             30
             Thrasea
             Paetus
             silentio
             vel
             brevi
             ass●nsu
             pri●res
             adulationes
             transmittere
             solitus
             ,
             exiit
             ,
             tum
             Senatu
             ,
             ac
             sibi
             causam
             periculi
             fecit
             ,
             caeteris
             libertatis
             initium
             non
             praebuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             31
             Tiberius
             acerbis
             facetiis
             irridere
             solitus
             ,
             quarum
             apud
             pr●potentes
             in
             longum
             memoria
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               5.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             32
             Saepe
             asperis
             facetiis
             illusus
             ,
             quae
             ubi
             multum
             ex
             vero
             traxere
             ,
             acrem
             sui
             memoriam
             relinqunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             33
             Unde
             angusta
             &
             lubrica
             oratio
             sub
             Principe
             qui
             libertatem
             metuebat
             ,
             adulationem
             oderat
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             34
             Quae
             moribus
             corru●
             ptis
             ,
             perinde
             anceps
             ,
             si
             nulla
             ,
             &
             ubi
             nimia
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             35
             Psal
             57.
             6.
             
          
           
             36
             Jer.
             8.
             17.
             
          
           
             37
             Caesar
             objectam
             sibi
             adversus
             reos
             inclementiam
             ,
             eo
             pervicacius
             amplexus
             est
             .
             Tac.
             4.
             ann
             .
          
           
             38
             Magnis
             patrum
             laudibus
             ,
             ut
             juvenilis
             animus
             levium
             quoque
             rerum
             gloria
             sublatus
             ,
             majores
             continuaret
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             39
             Postquam
             cuncta
             scelerum
             pro
             egregiis
             ●●cipi
             videt
             ,
             exturbat
             Octaviam
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             1
             And
             he
             said
             in
             the
             sight
             of
             Israel
             ,
             Sun
             ,
             stand
             thou
             still
             upon
             Gibeon
             ;
             and
             thou
             Moon
             ,
             in
             the
             valley
             of
             
               Ajalon
               ,
               Jos.
            
             10.
             12.
             
          
           
             2
             The
             Lord
             harkened
             to
             the
             voice
             of
             man
             ,
             for
             the
             Lord
             fought
             for
             
               Israel
               ,
               Ibid
            
          
           
             3
             And
             they
             shall
             bear
             the
             ●urthen
             of
             the
             people
             with
             thee
             ,
             that
             thou
             bear
             it
             not
             thy self
             alone
             ,
             N●●b
             .
             11.
             17.
             
          
           
             4
             For
             this
             thing
             is
             too
             heavy
             for
             thee
             ;
             thou
             art
             not
             able
             to
             perform
             it
             thy self
             alone
             ,
             Exod.
             18.
             18.
             
          
           
             †
             L.
             3.
             tit
             .
             1.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             5
             Solatium
             curarum
             frequenter
             sibi
             adhibent
             maturi
             P●eges
             ,
             &
             hinc
             meliores
             aestimantur
             ,
             si
             soli
             omnia
             non
             praesumunt
             .
             
               Cassiod
               lib
               8.
               epist.
            
             9.
             
          
           
             6
             Exod.
             20.
             19.
             
          
           
             7
             Thy
             matters
             are
             good
             and
             right
             ,
             but
             there
             is
             no
             man
             deputed
             of
             the
             King
             to
             hear
             thee
             ,
             2
             Sam.
             15.
             3.
             
          
           
             8
             Qui
             in
             regiae
             familiaritatis
             sacrarium
             admittuntur
             multa
             facere
             possunt
             ,
             &
             dicere
             ,
             quibus
             paupcrum
             necessita
             ,
             sublevetur
             ,
             faveatur
             religio
             ,
             fiat
             aequitas
             ,
             Ecclesia
             dilatetur
             .
             
               Petr.
               Blis
               .
               Epist.
            
             150.
             
          
           
             9
             Obtectis
             libidinibus
             ,
             dam
             Sejanum
             dilexit
             ,
             timuitve
             :
             postremò
             in
             scelera
             simul
             at
             dedecora
             prorupit
             ,
             postquam
             remoto
             pudore
             ,
             &
             metu
             ,
             su●
             tantum
             ingenio
             utebatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             10
             2
             Kings
             5.
             1
             
          
           
             11
             And
             so
             the
             multitude
             ,
             allured
             by
             the
             grace
             of
             the
             work
             ,
             took
             him
             now
             for
             a
             God
             ,
             which
             a
             little
             before
             was
             but
             honoured
             as
             a
             man
             ,
             Wisd
             14.
             20.
             
          
           
             12
             Tiberium
             variis
             artibus
             devinxit
             ,
             adeo
             ut
             obscurum
             adversus
             alios
             ,
             sibi
             uni
             incautuin
             intectumque
             efficere●
             .
          
           
             13
             Prov.
             29.
             ●6
             
          
           
             14
             N●●
             tam
             sol●rtia
             (
             quippe
             iisdem
             artibus
             victus
             est
             )
             〈…〉
             pari
             ex●tio
             vigu●t
             ●●●iditque
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             †
             M●r.
             〈…〉
             lib.
             20.
             l.
             25.
             
          
           
             15
             Esth.
             3.
             11.
             
          
           
             16
             Acts
             5.
             15.
             
          
           
             17
             Sed
             uterque
             mensuram
             implevimus
             &
             tu
             quantum
             princeps
             tribuere
             amico
             posses
             ,
             &
             ego
             quantum
             amicus
             à
             principe
             acci●pere
             :
             caetera
             invidiam
             a●gent
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Eccles.
             9.
             13.
             
          
           
             2
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             3
             Fato
             potenti●
             raro
             sempiternae
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             4
             An
             satius
             capis
             ,
             ●ut
             illos
             cum
             omnia
             tribuerunt
             ;
             Aut
             hos
             ,
             cum
             jam
             nihil
             reliquum
             est
             quod
             capiant
             ?
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Wisd.
             15.
             11.
             
          
           
             6
             Haec
             est
             conditio
             Regum
             ,
             ut
             casus
             tantum
             adversos
             hominibus
             tribuant
             ,
             sccundos
             fortunae
             suae
             .
             
               Aemil.
               Prob
            
          
           
             7
             Prospera
             om●es
             sibi
             vendicant
             ,
             adversa
             uni
             〈◊〉
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Feralemque
             annum
             fer●bant
             ,
             &
             omnibus
             adversis
             susceptum
             Principi
             consilium
             absentia
             ,
             qui
             mos
             vulgò
             ad
             culpam
             fortuita
             trahentes
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Ergo
             non
             jam
             Nero
             cujus
             immanitas
             omnium
             qu●stus
             anteibat
             ,
             sed
             adverso
             rumore
             ,
             Seneca
             erat
             ,
             quod
             oratione
             tali
             confessionem
             scripsisset
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             10
             Sed
             quia
             Sejanus
             ●acinorum
             ommum
             repertor
             habebatur
             ,
             ex
             nimia
             charitate
             in
             eum
             Caesaris
             ,
             &
             caeterorum
             in
             utrumque
             odio
             quamvis
             fabulosa
             &
             immania
             credebantur
             .
             
               Tac
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             11
             Nam
             beneficia
             eo
             usque
             laeta
             sunt
             dum
             videntur
             exsolvi
             posse
             ;
             ubi
             multum
             antevenè●e
             ,
             pro
             gratia
             odium
             redditur
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             12
             Quidam
             quo
             plus
             deb●nt
             ,
             magis
             oderunt
             .
             Leve
             as
             alienum
             debit●rem
             facit
             ,
             grave
             inimicum
             .
             
               Sen.
               Ep.
            
             19.
             
          
           
             13
             Quem
             ita
             gloriae
             cupidum
             esse
             dicunt
             familiares
             ,
             ut
             omnia
             clara
             ●acinora
             sua
             esse
             videri
             cupit
             ,
             &
             magis
             indignatur
             Ducibus
             &
             Praefectis
             ,
             qui
             prospere
             ,
             &
             laudabilitèr
             aliquid
             gesserint
             ,
             quam
             iis
             qui
             infelicitèr
             &
             ignave
             .
             Demost.
             
          
           
             14
             Suae
             demptum
             gloriae
             existimans
             quicquid
             cessisset
             alien●
             .
             Curt.
             
          
           
             15
             Id
             sibi
             maxime
             formidolosum
             ,
             privati
             hominis
             nomen
             supra
             Principis
             attolli
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             16
             Integram
             causam
             ad
             Senatum
             remisit
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             17
             Nullo
             magis
             exterritus
             est
             ,
             quam
             quod
             Tiberium
             sine
             miseratione
             ,
             sine
             ira
             obstinatum
             ,
             clausumque
             vidit
             ,
             ne
             quo
             affectu
             perrumperetur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             18
             Wisd
             2.
             15.
             
          
           
             19
             Levi
             post
             admiss●m
             scelus
             gratia
             ,
             dein
             graviore
             odio
             ,
             quia
             malorum
             facinorum
             ministri
             quasi
             exprobrantes
             aspiciuntur
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             20
             Qui
             scelerum
             ministros
             ut
             perverti
             ab
             aliis
             nolebat
             ,
             ita
             plerumque
             satiatus
             ,
             &
             oblatis
             in
             eandem
             operam
             recentibus
             ,
             veteres
             &
             praegraves
             adfl●xit
             .
             
               Tac.
               4
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             21
             Ut
             odium
             &
             gratia
             desiere
             ,
             ju●
             valuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             22
             Isa.
             24.
             16.
             
               vid.
               lat
               .
               vers
            
             .
          
           
             23
             Dan.
             6
             4.
             
          
           
             24
             1
             S●m
             .
             20.
             6.
             
          
           
             25
             Quia
             Sejanus
             ,
             incipiente
             adhuc
             potentia
             ,
             bonis
             consiliis
             no●escere
             volebat
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             26
             Ut
             soci●m
             laborum
             non
             modo
             in
             sermonibus
             ,
             sed
             apud
             patres
             &
             populum
             celebraret
             .
             
               Tac
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             27
             Praebuitque
             ipsi
             materiam
             ,
             cur
             amicitiae
             ,
             ●●stanti
             aeque
             〈◊〉
             magis
             fideret
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             28
             Major
             ex
             e●
             ,
             &
             quanquam
             exitiosa
             suaderet
             ,
             ut
             non
             sui
             anxius
             ,
             c●m
             fide
             audiebatur
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             29
             Colique
             per
             theatr●
             &
             fora
             effigies
             ejus
             ,
             interque
             principia
             legionum
             sineret
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             30
             Exod.
             32.
             4.
             
          
           
             31
             Avaritiam
             &
             arrogantiam
             ,
             praecipua
             validiorum
             vitia
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             32
             Felicitas
             in
             tali
             ingenio
             ,
             avaritiam
             ,
             superbiam
             ,
             caeter●que
             occulta
             mala
             patef●cit
             
               Tac.
               3.
               hist
            
          
           
             33
             At
             Sejanus
             nimiâ
             fortunà
             socors
             ,
             &
             muliebri
             insuper
             cupidine
             incensus
             ,
             promissum
             matrimonium
             ,
             flagitante
             Livia
             ,
             componit
             ad
             Caesarios
             codicillos
             .
             
               Tac.
               14
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             34
             Mucianus
             cum
             expedita
             manu
             ,
             socium
             magis
             imperii
             quam
             ministrum
             agens
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             35
             Vim
             principis
             amplecti
             ,
             ●omen
             remittere
             .
             
               Tac.
               4
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             36
             1
             Kings
             1.
             18.
             
          
           
             37
             2
             Sam.
             15.
             6.
             
          
           
             38
             Neque
             S●natorio
             ambitu
             abstin●bat
             ,
             clientes
             suos
             konoribus
             aut
             provinc●is
             ornando
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             39
             C●terum
             pl●na
             C●sarum
             domus
             ,
             juvenis
             filius
             ,
             nepotes
             adulti
             m●ram
             capitis
             ad●erebant
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             40
             Imm●ssis
             qui
             per
             speciem
             amiciti●
             monerent
             ,
             paratum
             ei
             venenum
             ,
             vitandas
             s●ceri
             epul●s
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             41
             Exod.
             34.
             30.
             
          
           
             42
             Esth
             16.
             
             ●
             .
          
           
             43
             Minore
             avaritia
             ,
             aut
             licentia
             grassatus
             esset
             Vinius
             s●
             ipse
             imperasse●
             ,
             nunt
             &
             subjectos
             nos
             habuit
             tanquam
             suos
             ,
             &
             viles
             ut
             alienos
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             44
             Unum
             ad
             potentiam
             iter
             prodigis
             epulis
             ,
             &
             sumptu
             ,
             ganeaque
             sati●re
             inexpl●biles
             Vitellii
             libidines
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               hist.
            
             
          
           
             45
             Optimi
             cujusque
             criminatione
             eousque
             valuit
             ,
             ut
             gratia
             ,
             pecunia
             ,
             vi
             nocendi
             ,
             etiam
             malos
             praemineret
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             46
             Sui
             obtegens
             in
             alios
             criminator
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             47
             Baruch
             6.
             46.
             
          
           
             48
             Ac
             ne
             assiduos
             in
             domum
             caetus
             arcendo
             ,
             infringeret
             potentiam
             ,
             aut
             recept●ndo
             facultatem
             criminantibus
             praeberet
             ;
             huc
             ●lexit
             ,
             ut
             T●berium
             ad
             vitam
             procul
             Roma
             amoenis
             locis
             degendam
             ,
             impelleret
             :
             mult●
             quippe
             provideb●t
             .
             Suà
             in
             manu
             aditus
             ,
             literarumque
             magna
             ex
             parte
             se
             arbitrum
             fore
             ▪
             cum
             per
             milites
             comm●arent
             :
             mox
             Caesarem
             vigente
             jam
             ●en●ctâ
             se●r●toque
             loci
             mollitum
             munia
             imperii
             facilius
             transmissurum
             :
             &
             mi●ui
             ibi
             invidiam
             ,
             ademptâ
             salutantum
             turbâ
             ,
             sublatisque
             m●nibus
             vera
             po●entia
             augere
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             49
             Plura
             saepe
             peccantur
             dum
             〈◊〉
             ,
             quam
             cum
             〈◊〉
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             50
             Perque
             invidi●m
             tui
             ,
             me
             qu●que
             incusant
             .
             
               T●c
               .
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             51
             Dum
             Sejanum
             dilexit
             timuitve
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             52
             Quidam
             male
             alacres
             ,
             quibus
             infanstae
             amicitie
             gravis
             exitus
             imminebat
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             53
             Psal.
             61.
             4.
             
          
           
             54
             N●n
             tam
             s●le●tia
             ,
             quippe
             iisdem
             artibus
             victus
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             55
             Exod.
             34.
             35.
             
          
           
             56
             Dan.
             2.
             49.
             
          
           
             57
             Revel
             .
             19.
             
             1●
             .
          
           
             58
             Eccles
             ,
             12.
             9.
             
          
           
             59
             ●ccles
             .
             2.
             12.
             
          
           
             60
             Prov.
             22.
             11.
             
          
           
             61
             Luk.
             17.
             10.
             
          
           
             62
             Sub
             Genii
             nostri
             luce
             intrepidus
             quidem
             ,
             sed
             reverenter
             astabat
             ,
             opportun●
             tacitus
             ,
             necessariè
             copiosus
             ,
             
               Cass.
               lib.
               ●
               .
               Ep.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             63
             Prov.
             28
             23.
             
          
           
             64
             Prov.
             10.
             9.
             
          
           
             65
             Eccles.
             32.
             1.
             
          
           
             66
             Breves
             &
             infaustos
             populi
             Romani
             amores
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             67
             Instituta
             prioris
             potentiae
             commutat
             ,
             pro●ibet
             coetus
             salutantium
             ,
             v●tat
             comitantes
             ,
             rarus
             per
             Urbem
             ,
             quasi
             valetudine
             infe●sa
             ,
             aut
             sapientiae
             studiis
             do●●
             〈◊〉
             .
             
               T●c
               .
               14.
               ann
            
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58845-e47160
           
             1
             Eccles.
             13.
             31.
             
          
           
             2
             The
             heart
             is
             deceitful
             above
             all
             things
             ,
             an●
             desperately
             wicked
             :
             Who
             can
             know
             it
             ?
             Ierem.
             17.
             9.
             
          
           
             3
             Utrumq●
             in
             viti●
             est
             ,
             &
             .
             omnib●is
             credere
             ,
             &
             .
             nulli
             .
             Seneca
             .
          
           
             †
             
               Gon●alez
               Fernandez
            
             of
             Cordov●
             .
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             4
             Sibi
             fidem
             integram
             ,
             &
             .
             si
             nullis
             infidiis
             peteretur
             ,
             mansuram
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Quippe
             proditores
             ,
             etiam
             iis
             ,
             quos
             anteponunt
             ,
             invisunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             6
             Mansitque
             Celso
             velut
             fat
             alit●r
             etiam
             pro
             Othone
             fides
             integr●
             &
             .
             infelix
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             He
             that
             is
             faithful
             in
             that
             which
             is
             least
             ,
             is
             faithful
             also
             in
             much
             ,
             Luk.
             16.
             10.
             
          
           
             8
             Acerrimè
             increpuit
             ,
             quod
             contra
             institutum
             Augusti
             ,
             non
             sponte
             Principis
             Alexandriam
             introisset
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Numb
             .
             27.
             18.
             
          
           
             10
             Neque
             enim
             imminentes
             virtutes
             sectabatur
             ,
             &
             rursus
             vitia
             oderat
             ;
             ex
             optimis
             periculum
             sibi
             ,
             à
             pessimis
             dedecus
             publicum
             metuebat
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             11
             Qui
             in
             affluentia
             fortunae
             ,
             virium
             ,
             opum
             ,
             &
             amicorum
             ,
             ālioruamque
             talium
             constituti
             sunt
             ,
             Reginaeque
             ob●dire
             norunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               4.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             12
             Auri
             vim
             ,
             atque
             opes
             Principibus
             infensas
             .
             
               Tac.
               11.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             13
             Nuntiata
             ea
             Tiberium
             laetitia
             curaque
             affecere
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             14
             Ut
             to
             specie
             Germanicum
             suetis
             Legionibus
             abstraheret
             ,
             nov●sque
             Provineiis
             impositum
             ,
             dolo
             simul
             &
             casibus
             objectaret
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             15
             Acriùs
             modestiam
             ejus
             aggreditur
             ,
             alterum
             Consulatum
             offerend●
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             16
             Difficiles
             fratrum
             dissentiones
             ,
             &
             qui
             valdè
             am●nt
             ,
             valdè
             edio
             habent
             .
             
               Arist.
               7.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             1
             Nam
             qui
             maguam
             potestatem
             habent
             ,
             etiam
             si
             ipsi
             nullius
             pretii
             sint
             ,
             multum
             nocent
             .
             
               Arist.
               1.
               
               Pol.
               cap.
            
             9.
             
          
           
             2
             For
             the
             Children
             of
             this
             world
             are
             in
             their
             Generation
             ,
             wiser
             than
             the
             Children
             of
             light
             ,
             Luke
             16.
             8.
             
          
           
             3
             Regiae
             potentiae
             Ministri
             .
             quos
             delectat
             superbiae
             suae
             longum
             spectaculum
             ;
             minusque
             se
             judicant
             posse
             ,
             nisi
             diu
             ,
             multumque
             singulis
             ,
             quid
             possint
             ●ftendant
             .
             Seneca
             .
          
           
             4
             Posse
             etiam
             sub
             mal●s
             Principibus
             magnos
             vires
             esse
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Neque
             nunc
             properè
             ,
             s●d
             per
             octo
             annos
             capto
             experimento
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             6
             Nam
             unum
             opus
             ab
             uno
             optim●
             perficitur
             ,
             quod
             ut
             fiat
             ,
             munus
             est
             Legumlatoris
             providere
             ,
             nec
             jubere
             ,
             ut
             tibia
             canat
             quisquam
             ,
             &
             idem
             Gale●●s
             confici●t
             .
             
               Arist.
               2.
               
               Pol.
               cap.
            
             9
             
          
           
             7
             1
             Macch.
             a
             65.
             
          
           
             8
             Sic
             enim
             optimè
             instrument
             a
             profici●nt
             ,
             si
             eorum
             singula
             ,
             non
             inultis
             ,
             sed
             uni
             deserviant
             .
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               1.
               
               Pol.
               cap.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             9
             Nec
             sit
             concessum
             cuiquam
             duobus
             assistere
             Magistratibus
             ,
             &
             utriusque
             Iudicii
             curam
             peragere
             ,
             nec
             facile
             cre●endum
             duabus
             necessariis
             rebus
             ,
             unum
             suff●cere
             .
             
               L.
               F.
               de
               Asses
            
          
           
             10
             ●
             Chron.
             c.
             4.
             5.
             
          
           
             11
             1
             Kings
             7.
             26.
             
          
           
             12
             Ubi
             aliquos
             voluisset
             ,
             vel
             Rectores
             Provinciis
             dare
             ,
             vel
             Praepositos
             facere
             ,
             vel
             Procurat●res
             ,
             id
             est
             ,
             rationales
             ordinare
             ,
             nomina
             eorum
             proponebat
             ,
             &
             
               Lamp.
               in
               vit
               .
               Alex.
               Sev.
               
            
          
           
             13
             Haud
             semper
             errat
             famae
             ,
             aliquando
             &
             eligit
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Non
             ex
             rumore
             statuendum
             multos
             in
             Provinciis
             ,
             contra
             quem
             spes
             ,
             aut
             metus
             de
             illis
             fuerit
             ,
             egisse
             ,
             excitari
             quosdam
             ad
             meliora
             Magnitudine
             r●rum
             ,
             hebescore
             alios
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             15
             Officiis
             ac
             administrat
             ●onibus
             ,
             potiùs
             non
             peccaturos
             ,
             quam
             damnare
             cum
             peccassent
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             16
             Quia
             sine
             Ambitione
             ,
             aut
             proximorum
             Precibus
             ,
             ignotos
             etiam
             ,
             ac
             ultro
             accitos
             M●nificentia
             juver
             at
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             17
             Sorte
             &
             .
             urna
             mores
             non
             disecrni
             :
             suffragia
             &
             existimationem
             senafus
             reperta
             ,
             ut
             an
             eujusque
             vitam
             ,
             famamque
             penitrarent
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Eccles.
             5.
             9.
             
          
           
             2
             Eccles.
             14.
             9.
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             3
             Exod.
             18.
             21.
             
          
           
             4
             Pl●raque
             eor●m
             quae
             h●mines
             injuste
             faciunt
             ,
             per
             Ambitionem
             &
             Ava●i●●am
             commit
             tuntur
             .
             
               Aristo●
               .
               2.
               
               Pol.
               cap.
            
             7.
             
          
           
             5
             Prov.
             29.
             4.
             
          
           
             *
             L.
             4.
             tit
             .
             3.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             6
             Prov.
             28.
             15.
             
          
           
             7
             Job
             27.
             18.
             
          
           
             8
             Job
             8.
             14.
             
          
           
             9
             Provincias
             spoliari
             ,
             &
             nummarium
             tribunal
             ,
             audita
             utrinque
             licitatione
             ,
             alteri
             addici
             non
             mirum
             quando
             quae
             emerit
             vendere
             gentium
             jus
             est
             .
             
               Sen.
               lib.
               1.
               c.
               9.
               de
               ben
               .
            
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             10
             Sed
             caput
             est
             in
             omni
             Rep.
             ut
             legibus
             ,
             &
             omni
             alia
             ratione
             provisum
             sit
             ,
             ne
             qu●●
             facultas
             quaestus
             faciendi
             Magistratibus
             relinqu●tur
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               5.
               c.
               ●
            
             .
          
           
             11
             Tunc
             utrumque
             ei
             molestum
             est
             ,
             quod
             nec
             honorum
             particeps
             sit●
             &
             quod
             à
             quaestibus
             submoveatur
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             12
             Quasi
             impossibile
             ●it
             ,
             qui
             egenus
             existat
             ,
             eum
             benè
             Magistratum
             gerere
             ,
             aut
             quietem
             optare
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               2.
               c.
            
             9.
             
          
           
             13
             Haud
             enim
             frustra
             placitum
             olim
             ,
             ne
             foeminae
             in
             S●cios
             aut
             gentes
             externas
             traherentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             14
             Hest.
             1.
             11.
             
          
           
             1
             Naturam
             duas
             necessarias
             res
             ,
             easdem
             salutares
             human●
             generi
             comparasse
             ,
             ut
             alii
             cum
             Imperio
             essent
             ,
             al●i
             ei
             subjicerentur
             ,
             nihilque
             quod
             citra
             haec
             ,
             nec
             〈◊〉
             quidem
             queat
             spatio
             perdurare
             .
             
               Dion
               .
               lib.
            
             14.
             
          
           
             2
             1
             Kin.
             11.
             28.
             
          
           
             3
             1
             Kin.
             11.
             26.
             
          
           
             4
             Est
             autem
             omnis
             Monarchiae
             cautio
             communis
             ,
             neminem
             facere
             nimis
             magnum
             ,
             aut
             certè
             plusquam
             unum
             facere
             :
             ipsi
             enim
             inter
             se
             ,
             quid
             quisque
             agat
             observant
             .
             
               Arist.
               5.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             5
             Gen.
             41.
             40.
             
          
           
             6
             Job
             4.
             18.
             
          
           
             7
             Id
             morum
             Tiberii
             suit
             ,
             continuare
             Imperia
             ,
             ac
             plerosque
             ad
             fine●
             vitae
             in
             eisdem
             exercitibus
             ,
             aut
             Iurisdictionibus
             habere
             .
             
               Tac.
               5.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             8
             Superbire
             homines
             etiam
             annua
             designatione
             :
             quid
             si
             honorem
             per
             quinquennium
             agitent
             ?
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Apoc.
             5.
             6.
             
          
           
             2
             Superior
             debet
             esse
             totus
             mens
             ,
             &c
             totus
             oculus
             .
             
               S.
               Antioc
               .
               Hom.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             3
             Nam
             Principes
             ac
             Reges
             nunc
             quoque
             multos
             sibi
             oculos
             ,
             multas
             a●res
             ,
             multas
             item
             manus
             atque
             pedes
             faciunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               5.
               c.
            
             12
             
          
           
             4
             H●●
             enim
             ratione
             ,
             &
             omnium
             oculis
             cernet
             ,
             &
             omnium
             auribus
             audiet
             ,
             &
             omnium
             denique
             consiliis
             in
             unum
             tendentibus
             consultabit
             .
             
               Sines
               .
               ad
               Arcad
            
          
           
             5
             
               Consilium
               oculus
               futurorum
            
             .
             Arist.
             lib.
             6.
             de
             Regim
             .
          
           
             6
             ●erem
             :
             1
             ▪
             11.
             
             Vid.
             Version
             .
             Vulgar
             .
          
           
             7
             Morum
             ,
             animor●mque
             Provincie
             nisi
             s●●gneri
             qui
             de
             ea
             consulant
             ,
             perdant
             se
             ,
             &
             R●mpub
             .
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             8
             Eccles
             .
             3.
             4.
             
          
           
             *
             L.
             5.
             tit
             .
             9.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             9
             Eccles.
             8.
             20
             
          
           
             †
             L.
             7.
             tit
             .
             1.
             p.
             4.
             
          
           
             10
             2
             Chron.
             3.
             12.
             
          
           
             11
             Populi
             Im●erium
             juxta
             libertatem
             :
             paucorum
             Dominatio
             Regi●
             l●bidini
             proprior
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             12
             Hinc
             factum
             est
             ,
             ut
             vulgò
             jactarunt
             Per●arum
             Regem
             multos
             h●bere
             e●ules
             ,
             auresque
             multas
             :
             quod
             si
             quis
             putet
             unum
             oculum
             expetendum
             Regi
             ,
             eum
             egregie
             falli
             certum
             est
             ,
             unus
             enim
             &
             pa●ca
             videat
             ,
             &
             pa●ca
             〈◊〉
             ;
             
               Xenoph.
               lib.
               4.
               
               Cyri.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Et
             Majestas
             qui
             〈◊〉
             imperium
             habere
             apud
             Ministrum
             sol●t
             ;
             Regi
             ,
             aut
             Principi
             〈…〉
             relinquitur
             .
             Plutarch
             .
          
           
             14
             Unde
             si
             de
             jure
             tractaretur
             ,
             in
             consilium
             solos
             doctos
             adhibebat
             ,
             ●●vero
             de
             re
             militari
             ,
             milites
             veteres
             ,
             &
             senes
             ac
             bene
             meritos
             &
             locorum
             peritos
             .
             
               Lamp.
               in
               Vit.
               Alex.
            
             
          
           
             †
             L.
             1.
             tit
             .
             9.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             15
             Si
             de
             sua
             uni●●
             sententia
             omnia
             geret
             ,
             superbum
             hunc
             judicabo
             ,
             magis
             quam
             prudente●
             Livius
             .
          
           
             16
             Jos.
             8.
             10.
             
          
           
             17
             Hest.
             1.
             13.
             
          
           
             18
             Prov.
             13.
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             19
             Nemo
             solus
             sapit
             .
             Plaut
             .
          
           
             20
             Prov.
             11.
             12.
             
          
           
             21
             Prov.
             4.
             25.
             
          
           
             22
             Prov.
             12.
             15.
             
          
           
             *
             Homer
             .
             ●
             
          
           
             23
             Prov.
             13.
             16.
             
          
           
             24
             Bene
             enim
             quod
             cum
             vestro
             consilio
             fuerit
             ●●●dinatum
             ,
             id
             ad
             beatitudinem
             nostri
             imperii
             ,
             &
             ad
             nostram
             Gloriam
             red●●●dare
             .
             
               L.
               Humanum
               ,
               c.
               de
               Leg.
               
            
          
           
             25
             
               indignum
               esse
               ,
               Rempub
               ,
               &
               f●●tunas
               civium
               ei
               committi
               qui
               alienis
               oculis
               uti
               crederetur
               .
            
             Tit.
             Li●
             ▪
             lib.
             26.
             
          
           
             26
             Prov.
             21.
             1.
             
          
           
             27
             Non
             omnia
             consilia
             cuncti●
             praesentibus
             tractari
             ,
             aut
             occasionum
             velocitas
             patitur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             28
             Ne
             〈◊〉
             sententi●
             indig●●s
             videretur
             ,
             i●
             diversa
             ac
             deterior●
             〈◊〉
             .
             
               Tac.
               11.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             29
             Ezek.
             13.
             10.
             
          
           
             30
             Cry
             aloud
             ,
             spare
             not
             ,
             lift
             up
             thy
             voice
             like
             a
             Trumpet
             ,
             Is●
             58.
             1.
             
          
           
             31
             For
             every
             High
             Priest
             taken
             from
             among
             Men
             ,
             is
             ordained
             for
             Men
             in
             things
             appertaining
             to
             God
             ,
             Heb.
             5.
             1.
             
          
           
             32
             Behold
             I
             have
             put
             my
             words
             in
             thy
             mouth
             ,
             Ierem.
             1.
             9.
             
          
           
             33
             I
             know
             thy
             Works
             ,
             and
             Charity
             ,
             and
             Service
             ,
             and
             Faith
             ,
             and
             thy
             Patience
             ,
             and
             thy
             Works
             ;
             and
             the
             last
             to
             be
             more
             than
             the
             first
             .
             Notwithstanding
             I
             have
             a
             few
             things
             against
             thee
             .
             Revel
             .
             2.
             19.
             
          
           
             †
             L.
             4.
             tit
             .
             9.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             1
             Sit
             annullus
             tuus
             ,
             non
             ut
             vas
             aliquod
             ,
             sed
             tanquam
             ipse
             tu
             ;
             no●
             Minister
             alien●
             voluntatis
             ,
             sed
             t●stis
             tuae
             .
             
               Cicer.
               Epist.
               1.
               ad
               Quint.
               fratrem
               .
            
          
           
             2
             Revel
             .
             4.
             8.
             
          
           
             3
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             4
             Ezek.
             1.
             11.
             
          
           
             5
             Ezek.
             1.
             12.
             
          
           
             †
             L.
             4.
             ti●
             9.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             ‖
             L.
             12.
             ti●
             .
             1.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             1
             Neve
             Tiberius
             vim
             Principatus
             resolveret
             ,
             ●unc●a
             ad
             senatum
             vocando
             ,
             eam
             conditionem
             esse
             ●mperan●●
             ,
             ut
             non
             aliter
             ratio
             const●t
             ,
             quam
             si
             uni
             reddatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             2
             For
             the
             transgression
             of
             a
             Land
             ,
             many
             are
             the
             Princes
             thereof
             Prov.
             28.
             2.
             
          
           
             3
             And
             I
             will
             set
             up
             one
             Sheph●rd
             over
             them
             .
             Ez●●
             .
             34.
             
             ●3
             .
          
           
             4
             Nihil
             arduum
             videbat●r
             in
             ani●o
             Principis
             ,
             〈◊〉
             non
             judiciu●
             ,
             non
             odium
             erat
             nisi
             indita
             &
             j●ssa
             .
             
               Tac.
               12.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Is●●
             .
             9.
             6
             
          
           
             6
             And
             the
             Cook
             to●k
             up
             the
             Shoulder
             ,
             &c.
             
             1
             Sam.
             9.
             24.
             
          
           
             7
             Ezek.
             1.
             18.
             lm
             LXX
             .
          
           
             †
             2
             Kings
             2
             12.
             
          
           
             8
             Ips●
             n●q●e
             jub●nd●
             ,
             neque
             vi●an●i
             pot●ns
             ,
             non
             jam
             Imperator
             ,
             sed
             tantum
             〈…〉
             .
             
               T●c
               1.
               
               H●st
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Non
             Aedilis
             ,
             aut
             Praetoris
             ,
             aut
             Consulis
             Partes
             sustineo
             ,
             majus
             aliquod
             ,
             &
             excelsius
             à
             Principe
             postulatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Et
             proximi
             Senatus
             die
             ,
             Tiberius
             castigatis
             per
             literas
             oblique
             Patribus
             ,
             quod
             cunct●
             curarum
             ad
             Principem
             rejicerent
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             11
             Sanguinius
             Maximus
             è
             Consularibus
             oravit
             Senatum
             ne
             curas
             Imperatoris
             conquisitis
             insuper
             acerbitatibus
             augerent
             ,
             sufficere
             ipsum
             statuendis
             remediis
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             12
             Gen.
             2.
             19.
             
          
           
             13
             Inclinatio
             Senatus
             incitamentum
             Tiberio
             fuit
             ,
             quo
             promptiùs
             〈◊〉
             saretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             14
             Violentèr
             increpuit
             ,
             velut
             coram
             rogit●●
             quid
             illi
             cum
             militibus
             ,
             quos
             ,
             neque
             dicta
             Imperatoris
             ,
             neque
             pr●mia
             ,
             〈◊〉
             ab
             imperatore
             accipere
             par
             ●sset
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             15
             Et
             honores
             ipse
             〈◊〉
             se
             tribuere
             ,
             p●nas
             autem
             per
             ali●s
             Magistratus
             ,
             &
             judices
             irrog●●
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               5
               Pol.
               c.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             16
             Quo
             lo●o
             cens●bis
             Caesa●
             ?
             Si
             pri●us
             ,
             habeo
             quod
             sequor
             :
             si
             post
             omnes
             ,
             vereor
             nè
             imprudens
             dissentiam
             .
             
               Tac
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             17
             Exemit
             etian●
             Drusum
             Consule●
             designatum
             dicendae
             primo
             loco
             sententiae
             ,
             quod
             alii
             ci●ile
             reb●ntur
             ,
             nè
             〈…〉
             fieret
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             18
             Sed
             quod
             in
             cjusmodi
             rebus
             accidit
             ,
             consili●m
             ab
             omnibus
             dat●●
             est
             ,
             periculum
             pauci
             sensere
             .
          
           
             19
             Nec
             patrum
             cognitionibus
             satiatus
             ,
             Iudiciis
             adsidebat
             in
             co●nu
             tribunalis
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             *
             L.
             20.
             tit
             .
             23.
             p.
             3.
             
          
           
             20
             And
             all
             Israel
             h●ard
             of
             the
             Judgment
             which
             the
             King
             had
             judged
             ,
             and
             they
             feared
             the
             King
             :
             for
             they
             saw
             that
             the
             Wisdom
             of
             God
             was
             in
             him
             to
             do
             ●udgment
             ,
             1
             Kin.
             3.
             28
             
          
           
             21
             Now
             make
             us
             a
             King
             to
             judge
             us
             like
             all
             the
             Nations
             ,
             1
             Sam.
             8.
             5.
             
          
           
             22
             A
             King
             that
             sitteth
             in
             the
             Throne
             of
             Judgment
             ,
             sca●●ereth
             away
             all
             evil
             with
             his
             Eyes
             ,
             Prov.
             20.
             8.
             
          
           
             23
             Psalm
             9.
             14.
             
          
           
             24
             1
             Sam.
             17.
             31.
             
          
           
             25
             Isa.
             1.
             17.
             
          
           
             26
             Opes
             publicae
             continebantur
             ,
             quantum
             civium
             ,
             sociorumque
             in
             ●●mis
             ,
             quot
             Classes
             ,
             Regna
             ,
             Provinciae
             ,
             Tributa
             &
             Necessitates
             ,
             ac
             Largiti●nes
             ,
             quae
             cuncta
             sua
             manu
             perscripserat
             Augustus
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             27
             Est
             senatori
             necessarium
             nosse
             Rempub.
             quàm
             latè
             p●tet
             ,
             quid
             habeat
             Militum
             ,
             quid
             valeat
             aerarium
             ,
             quo●
             socios
             Resp.
             habeat
             ,
             quos
             amicos
             ,
             quos
             ●ipendiarios
             ,
             qua
             quisque
             sit
             lege
             ,
             conditione
             ,
             foedere
             ,
             
               &c.
               Cicero
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Velle
             pecuniis
             excellere
             Tyrannicum
             ,
             H●noribus
             vero
             magis
             Regium
             .
             
               Arist.
               Po●
               .
               lib.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             2
             Itaque
             Monarchas
             ,
             non
             ut
             sibi
             vendicent
             Monarchiam
             ,
             invadunt
             ,
             s●d
             ut
             famam
             &
             gloriam
             adipiscantur
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               5.
               cap.
            
             10.
             
          
           
             *
             Ennius
             .
          
           
             3
             Ut
             quicquid
             sine
             detrimento
             accommodari
             possit
             id
             tribuatur
             velignoto
             .
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             4
             Illo
             in
             corpore
             decus
             owne
             Cheruscorum
             ,
             illius
             consilia
             gesta
             ,
             quae
             prosper●
             ce●id●rint
             testa●atur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Nam
             quod
             Domino
             in
             monte
             demorante
             ,
             &
             ipsis
             cum
             turba
             resid●
             tibus
             quid●m
             tepor
             eorum
             fidem
             retardaverat
             .
             
               Hilar.
               cap.
               7.
               
               Sup.
               Matth
            
          
           
             6
             And
             I
             brought
             him
             to
             thy
             Disciples
             and
             they
             could
             not
             cu●
             him
             ,
             Matth.
             17.
             15.
             
          
           
             7
             Caeterum
             anxius
             invidia
             ,
             &
             mulieb●e
             fastigium
             in
             diminutionem
             sui
             ●ccipiens
             ,
             ne
             lictorem
             qui●●em
             ei
             decern●
             〈◊〉
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             8
             Tum
             verò
             aequari
             adolescentes
             senectae
             suae
             ,
             uis
             hoentèr
             indoluit
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Vanescit
             Augusti
             honor
             ,
             si
             promis●
             noribus
             vulg●tur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Test●dinem
             ,
             ubi
             collecta
             in
             suum
             tegmen
             est
             ,
             tutam
             ad
             omnes
             〈◊〉
             esse
             ,
             ubi
             exerit
             partes
             aliquas
             ,
             quodcunque
             nudavit
             obnoxium
             at
             que
             i●
             mum
             habere
             Cic
          
           
             2
             Et
             sua
             retinere
             privatae
             domus
             ,
             alienis
             ce●●●
             Regiam
             laudem
             esse
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             3
             Suam
             quisque
             fortunam
             in
             〈◊〉
             ●●lio
             habeat
             ,
             cum
             de
             ●lieno
             deliberat
             .
             Curtius
             .
          
           
             4
             Quibus
             nova
             &
             ancipitia
             praecolere
             avida
             ,
             &
             plerumque
             fallax
             〈◊〉
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Vetus
             ,
             &
             jampridem
             insita
             Mortalibus
             〈◊〉
             cupido
             ,
             cum
             imperii
             Magnitudine
             adolevit
             erupitque
             .
             Tac.
             2
             ▪
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             6
             Et
             quae
             ab
             exiguis
             profecta
             initiis
             ●o
             ●reverit
             ,
             ut
             j●m
             Magni●●ine
             laboraret
             sua
             .
             
               Liv.
               lib.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             7
             Addideratque
             consilium
             coercendi
             in●●
             terminos
             imperii
             .
             
               Tac.
               1
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             8
             I●pone
             felicitati
             tu●
             fraena
             ,
             faci●●
             reges
             .
             Curti●
             ,
          
           
             9
             Fa●ilius
             est
             qu●dam
             vincere
             quam
             tenere
             .
             Curt.
             
          
           
             10
             Fortunam
             〈…〉
             invenies
             quam
             retineas
             Publ.
             
          
           
             11
             Fortunam
             tuam
             pressis
             manibus
             tene
             ,
             lubrica
             .
             Curtius
             :
          
           
             12
             Anceps
             &
             operosa
             nimis
             est
             mutatio
             ,
             quae
             subitò
             &
             cum
             qu●●
             violentiâ
             suscipitur
             ;
             facilior
             autem
             quae
             sensim
             &
             paulatim
             de
             .
             li●●
             fit
             .
             
               Arist.
               6.
               
               Pol.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Sed
             populum
             per
             tot
             annos
             mollitèr
             habi●
             nondum
             audebat
             ad
             duriora
             vertere
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             14
             〈◊〉
             veterem
             disciplinam
             ,
             atque
             ita
             quatuordecim
             annis
             à
             Nerone
             〈◊〉
             ,
             ut
             haud
             minus
             vitia
             Principis
             amarent
             ,
             quam
             olim
             virtutes
             〈◊〉
             rabantur
             .
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             15
             Non
             minus
             negotii
             est
             Remp.
             〈◊〉
             quam
             ab
             initi●●onstituere
             .
             
               Arist.
               4.
               
               Pol.
               cap.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             16
             2
             S●m
             .
             3.
             39.
             
          
           
             17
             1
             Kings
             12.
             14.
             
          
           
             18
             Ubi
             famae
             inserviret
             ,
             〈◊〉
             in
             novis
             c●ptis
             validissima
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             19
             Non
             ignarus
             instandum
             fa●●ae
             ,
             &
             prout
             prima
             ●essissent
             ,
             fore
             universa
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Cur
             abstinuerit
             Spectaculo
             ipse
             ,
             variè
             trahebant
             ;
             ali●
             taedio
             caetus
             ,
             ●●id●m
             tristitia
             ingenii
             ,
             &
             met●
             comparationis
             ,
             quia
             Augustu●
             comi●er
             ●●●fuisset
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             21
             Tum
             formam
             futuri
             Principatus
             pr●scripsit
             ,
             ca
             maximè
             declin●●
             ,
             querum
             recens
             flagrabat
             invidia
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             22
             Sed
             prompti
             adius
             ,
             obvia
             comitas
             ,
             ignotae
             Parthis
             Vertutes
             ,
             nova
             vitia
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             23
             Quod
             hic
             prima
             ab
             infantia
             instituta
             .
             &
             cultum
             Armeniorum
             〈◊〉
             latus
             ,
             venatu
             ,
             epulis
             ,
             &
             quae
             alia
             barbari
             celebrant
             proceres
             ,
             plebem●●
             juxta
             devinxerat
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             24
             Novum
             Imperium
             inchoanti●●
             utilis
             clementia
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             25
             Laudatorum
             Principum
             usu●
             ex
             aequo
             ,
             quamvis
             prout
             agentibus
             ,
             s●vi
             proximis
             ingr●nt
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             26
             1
             Sam.
             10.
             27.
             
          
           
             27
             Egregium
             vita
             ,
             famaque
             quoad
             privatus
             ,
             vel
             in
             imperiis
             sub
             Augusto
             fuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             28
             Major
             privato
             visus
             ,
             dum
             privatus
             fuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             29
             Non
             parcit
             populis
             Regnum
             breve
             .
             Statius
             .
          
           
             30
             Difficilius
             est
             temperare
             felicitati
             ,
             qua
             te
             non
             putes
             di●
             us●rum
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             31
             Si
             immensum
             Imperii
             corpus
             starè
             ,
             ac
             librari
             sine
             rectore
             posset
             ,
             dignus
             eram
             à
             quo
             Respub
             .
             inciperet
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             32
             Prima
             dominandi
             spes
             in
             arduo
             ;
             ubi
             sis
             ingressus
             ,
             adsunt
             studia
             &
             Ministri
             .
             Tac.
             4.
             ann
             .
          
           
             33
             Magna
             cum
             invidia
             novi
             Principatus
             ,
             cuju●●oc
             primum
             specimen
             nosce●atur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             34
             Nemo
             enim
             unquam
             imperium
             flagitio
             quaesitum
             ,
             bonis
             artibus
             exercuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             35
             Simul
             reputans
             non
             posse
             Principatum
             scelere
             quaesitum
             ,
             subita
             modestia
             &
             prisca
             gravitate
             retineri
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             36
             Nono
             decimo
             Caesar
             Octavianus
             civilia
             bella
             sustinuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             37
             Mansisse
             ,
             C●s●re
             Augusto
             victore
             ,
             Imperium
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             38
             Lepidi
             atque
             Antonii
             arma
             in
             Augustum
             cessere
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             39
             Cuncta
             discordiis
             civilibus
             fess●
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             40
             Nulla
             jam
             public●
             arma
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             41
             Nullo
             adversante
             cum
             ferocissimi
             per
             acies
             out
             proscriptione
             cecidissent
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             42
             Neque
             Provincia
             illum
             rerum
             statum
             abnueb●nt
             ,
             suspecto
             Senatus
             populique
             Imperio
             ,
             ●ob
             certamina
             ,
             potentiam
             &
             avaritiam
             magistratuum
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             43
             Non
             alitèr
             discordantis
             patriae
             remedium
             suisse
             quam
             ut
             ab
             uno
             regeretur
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             44
             Ad
             tuendam
             plebem
             tribunitio
             jure
             contentam
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             45
             Non
             Regno
             tamen
             neque
             Dictatura
             ,
             sed
             Principis
             nomine
             constitutam
             Remp.
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             46
             eadem
             Magistratibus
             vocabula
             ,
             militem
             donis
             populum
             annona
             ,
             cunctos
             dulcedine
             ●tii
             pellexit
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             47
             Multa
             Antonio
             &
             multa
             Lepido
             concessit
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             48
             Quanto
             quis
             servitio
             promptior
             ,
             opibus
             &
             honoribus
             extollebatur
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             49
             Pauca
             admodum
             vi
             tractata
             ,
             quo
             caeteris
             quies
             esset
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             50
             Augusto
             prompta
             ac
             profluens
             ,
             quae
             decerat
             Principem
             ,
             eloqu●ntia
             fuit
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             51
             Ius
             apud
             cives
             ,
             modestiam
             apud
             socios
             
               Ibid.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             52
             Oh
             impudicitiam
             filiae
             &
             neptis
             ,
             quas●urbe
             d●puli●
             ,
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             53
             In
             lect●s
             à
             Divo
             Augusto
             liberalitate
             decies
             sestertium
             duc●re
             u●orem
             ,
             ●è
             clarissima
             familia
             extingueretur
             .
          
           
             54
             Primus
             Augustus
             cognitionem
             ,
             ●e
             famosis
             libellis
             ,
             specie
             legis
             ejus
             tractavit
             &c.
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             55
             Sed
             ipse
             Divus
             Iulius
             ,
             ipse
             Divus
             Augustus
             &
             tulêre
             ea
             ,
             &
             reliquêre
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             56
             Urbem
             ipsam
             magnifico
             ornatu
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             57
             M●ri
             oceano
             ,
             aut
             a●nibus
             longi●quis
             septum
             imperium
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             58
             Regiones
             ,
             Provincias
             ,
             Classes
             ,
             cuncta
             inter
             so
             co●●exa
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             59
             Novis
             ex
             rebus
             aucti
             tuta
             &
             pr●●●ntia
             quam
             vet●ra
             &
             periculosa
             mallent
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             60
             Quid
             aliud
             exitio
             Lacedaemoniis
             &
             Atheniensibus
             fuit
             ,
             quamquam
             armis
             pollerent
             ,
             nisi
             quod
             victos
             pro
             alienigenis
             arcebant
             ?
             Et
             conditor
             noster
             R●mulus
             tantum
             s●pientia
             valuit
             ,
             ut
             plerosque
             populos
             ,
             eodem
             die
             hostes
             ,
             deind●
             cives
             habuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             61
             Eadem
             Magistratuum
             vocabula
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             62
             Sed
             Tiborius
             vim
             Principatus
             ,
             sibi
             firmans
             ,
             imaginem
             antiquitatis
             senatui
             praebebat
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             63
             Non
             omnia
             statim
             ,
             uti
             decretum
             erat
             ,
             executus
             est
             ,
             veritus
             ,
             nè
             parum
             succederet
             si
             simul
             homines
             transferre
             &
             invertere
             vellet
             ,
             sed
             qu●dam
             extempore
             disposuit
             ,
             quaedam
             rejicit
             in
             tempus
             .
             Dion
             .
          
           
             64
             Eccles
             .
             46.
             16.
             
          
           
             65
             Idque
             adversus
             Britanniam
             pro●iturum
             ,
             si
             Romana
             ubique
             arma
             ,
             &
             velut
             è
             conspectu
             libertas
             tolleretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             66
             Quaedam
             ex
             Regiis
             tributis
             diminuta
             ,
             qu●
             mitius
             Rom.
             Imperi●●
             speraretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             67
             Pa●em
             exu●re
             ,
             nostrae
             magis
             avaritiae
             ,
             quam
             obsequii
             impatientes
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             68
             Quid
             〈◊〉
             ,
             in
             modum
             deferre
             Census
             ,
             pati
             tributa
             adigebatur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             69
             Verba
             fuere
             pauca
             ,
             &
             s●●su
             permodesto
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             70
             Et
             minus
             sibi
             invidiam
             ,
             adempta
             salutantium
             turb●
             ,
             sublatisque
             inanibus●
             ,
             vera
             potentia
             aug●ri
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             71
             Apud
             qu●s
             vis
             imperii
             valet
             ,
             inania
             transmit●untur
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             72
             Validus
             alioqui
             spernendis
             Honoribus
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
               ▪
            
          
           
             73
             Nomen
             Patris
             Patriae
             Tiberi●●
             à
             popul●
             saepius
             ingestum
             ,
             repudi●
             vit
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             74
             C●ncta
             mortalium
             incerta
             ,
             quantoque
             plus
             ad●●tus
             sere●
             ,
             tant●
             se
             magis
             in
             lubrico
             dictitans
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Nec
             enim
             in
             melius
             verti
             ,
             nec
             diu
             sistere
             valent
             ,
             reliquum
             est
             ,
             ●t
             〈◊〉
             deterius
             dilabantur
             .
             Hippoc.
             
          
           
             2
             Qui
             causam
             esse
             tradit
             ,
             quod
             nihil
             perpetuò
             maneat
             ▪
             sed
             omnia
             motu
             qu●dam
             orbicular
             :
             mutentur
             .
             
               Arist.
               5.
               
               Pol.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Naturales
             esse
             convers●●●es
             Rerumpub
             .
             
               Cic.
               lib.
               2.
               de
               nar
               .
               Deor.
               
            
          
           
             4
             Regum
             majestatem
             dissi●ilius
             à
             summo
             fastigio
             ad
             medium
             detra●i
             ,
             quam
             a
             mediis
             ad
             ima
             prae●ipitari
             .
             Livius
             .
          
           
             5
             Fati
             maligna
             ,
             perpetuaque
             in
             ommbus
             rebus
             Lex
             est
             ,
             ●t
             ad
             summum
             perducta
             ,
             rursus
             ad
             infimum
             velocius
             quidem
             quam
             ascen●erunt
             ,
             relabantur
             .
             Seneca
             .
          
           
             6
             Ego
             ita
             comperi
             omma
             Regna
             Civit●tes
             ▪
             Nationesque
             usque
             eo
             prosp●●
             imperium
             habu●sse
             ,
             dum
             apud
             eos
             vera
             consilia
             valuerunt
             ;
             ubicunque
             Gr●●
             Timor
             Voluptas
             ●a
             corrupt●re
             ,
             post
             paulo
             imm●nut●
             opes
             ,
             deinde
             〈◊〉
             in
             perium
             ,
             postremè
             servitus
             imposita
             est
             .
             Sallust
             .
          
           
             7
             Numb
             .
             33.
             5.
             
          
           
             8
             Honor
             quoque
             quant●●
             valeat
             ,
             &
             quomodo
             sit
             causa
             seditionis
             〈◊〉
             est
             
               Arist.
               5.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             9
             Et
             multae
             conspirationes
             ,
             &
             invasio●s
             in
             Monarchas
             propter
             pudendas
             contumelias
             ,
             in
             corpus
             illatas
             fact●
             sunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               5.
               
               Pol.
            
             l.
             10.
             
          
           
             10
             Prop●er
             contemp●um
             etiam
             seditiones
             conspirat●●●qu●
             f●●n●
             
               A●●st
               .
               5.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             *
             L.
             14.
             tit
             .
             3.
             lib.
             2.
             recop
             .
          
           
             11
             Non
             multitudo
             qu●dem
             gravit●
             fert
             inaequalitatem
             patrimoniorum
             ,
             praestantes
             autem
             honorum
             inaequalitatem
             .
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               2.
               
               Po●
               .
               c.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             12
             Nam
             homines
             tum
             quod
             ipsi
             inhonorati
             fiunt
             inovent
             seditiones
             ,
             tum
             quod
             alios
             videant
             in
             honore
             .
             
               Arist.
               5.
               
               Pol.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             13
             Gen.
             12.
             17.
             
          
           
             14
             2
             Sam.
             12.
             10.
             
          
           
             15
             Cum
             enim
             multitudo
             in●pum
             est
             in
             civitate
             ,
             eademque
             ab
             honoribus
             exclusa
             ,
             necesse
             est
             eam
             civitatem
             plenam
             hostium
             Reipub
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               3.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             7.
             
          
           
             16
             Honori
             incumbit
             ,
             tam
             ignarus
             quam
             bonus
             .
             
               Arist.
               2.
               
               Pol.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             17
             Insuper
             seditiones
             oriuntur
             ,
             non
             solum
             ob
             patrimoniorum
             ,
             verum
             etiam
             ob
             honorum
             inaequalitatem
             .
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               2.
               
               Pol.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             18
             Sed
             illud
             primum
             omnium
             dubitar●
             non
             potest
             ,
             quin
             cognitis
             iis
             quae
             Reipub
             interitum
             important
             ,
             ea
             quoque
             quae
             salutem
             afferunt
             ,
             intelligantur
             .
             
               Arist.
               lib.
               5.
               pol.
               cap.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             19
             〈…〉
             diora
             sunt
             remedia
             quam
             mala
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Ezek.
             1.
             24.
             
          
           
             21
             Attamen
             quantum
             sine
             bello
             dabatur
             ,
             revocare
             priscum
             morem
             ,
             exercitare
             Legiones
             cura
             provisus
             agere
             ,
             p●rinde
             acsi
             hostis
             ingrueret
             .
             
               Tac.
               12.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             22
             Aliae
             ●yrannides
             ex
             Regibus
             ,
             qui
             moribus
             institutisque
             majorum
             violatis
             ,
             imperia
             magis
             concupierunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               5.
               cap.
            
             10.
             
          
           
             23
             Nam
             si
             〈◊〉
             volentibus
             imperet
             ,
             protinus
             desinit
             ●sse
             Reg●um
             .
             
               Arist.
               5.
               
               Pol.
               cap.
            
             10.
             
          
           
             24
             Omnium
             consensu
             c●pax
             imperii
             ,
             ●isi
             imperasset
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             25
             Jerem.
             1.
             16.
             
          
           
             26
             Illud
             clarum
             te●tatumque
             exemplis
             est
             ,
             quod
             homines
             felicitatem
             assequantur
             be●ignitate
             in
             alios
             ,
             &
             bona
             de
             se
             opinione
             ,
             iidem
             cum
             adepti
             ,
             qu●e
             voluerant
             ,
             ad
             injurias
             &
             impotenti●n
             in
             imperiis
             dilabuntur
             ,
             fit
             meritissimo
             ,
             ut
             una
             cum
             imperantium
             mutatione
             ,
             ●psi
             sub●iti
             se
             &
             affectus
             mutent
             Polyb.
             
          
           
             27
             Qui
             occuparunt
             imperia
             ,
             eo●um
             plerique
             eadem
             retinu●runt
             ,
             qui
             vero
             tradita
             ab
             aliis
             accepere
             ,
             hi
             statim
             fer●
             omnes
             amiserunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               5.
               
               Pol.
            
             9.
             
          
           
             28
             Eccles.
             1.
             8.
             
          
           
             29
             Conservantur
             etiam
             Respub
             .
             non
             solum
             ,
             qui●
             procu●
             sunt
             ab
             iis
             ,
             ●uae
             interitum
             aff●runt
             ,
             sed
             etiam
             ,
             quia
             prope
             sunt
             ,
             nam
             Timor
             intentiore
             cur●
             R●i●ab
             ,
             consul●re
             c●gis
             .
             
               Arist.
               5.
               pol.
               cap.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             30
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             *
             L.
             13.
             tit
             .
             5.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             †
             Ma●●
             .
          
           
             1
             1
             Kings
             2.
             24.
             
          
           
             2
             Neque
             nervum
             intendit
             ,
             neque
             remittit
             ultra
             modum
             ,
             nè
             harmi●●iae
             consensum
             laedat
             .
             Chrysost.
             
          
           
             1
             Tu
             vero
             ,
             inquit
             ,
             siquid
             in
             te
             artis
             est
             ,
             it
             a
             compone
             do●num
             meam
             ,
             ut
             quicquid
             again
             ,
             ab
             omnibus
             perspici
             possit
             .
             
               Vell.
               Pat
               lib.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             2
             Judith
             .
             2.
             2.
             
          
           
             3
             Taciturnitas
             optimum
             atque
             tutissimum
             rerum
             administrandarum
             Vinculum
             
               Val.
               Max.
               l.
               2.
               c.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             4
             Micah
             .
             7.
             5.
             
          
           
             5
             Quod
             Maximum
             uxori
             Martlae
             aperuisse
             ,
             illam
             Liviae
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             6
             Nihil
             ex
             iis
             Caesari
             incognitum
             ;
             consilia
             ,
             locos
             ,
             prompta
             multa
             noverat
             ,
             astusque
             hostium
             in
             perniciem
             ipsis
             vertebat
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             7
             Ni
             arcana
             domus
             ,
             ne
             consilia
             amicorum
             ,
             ne
             ministeri●
             militum
             vulgarentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             8
             Jud.
             16.
             ●
             
          
           
             9
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             10
             Prov.
             20.
             5.
             
          
           
             11
             Major
             è
             longinquis
             reverentia
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             12
             Exod.
             19.
             6.
             
          
           
             13
             Exod
             19.
             12.
             
          
           
             *
             L.
             4.
             tit
             .
             3.
             lib.
             1.
             
             Re●op
             .
          
           
             14
             N●
             ali●ni
             Regni
             ,
             quod
             non
             convenit
             ,
             scrutentur
             arcana
             .
             
               L.
               M●rcato●es
               C
               de
               Commer
            
             .
          
           
             15
             Tib●rioque
             etiam
             in
             rebus
             ,
             quas
             non
             occuleret
             ,
             seu
             natura
             ,
             sive
             adsuetudine
             suspensa
             semper
             ,
             obscur●
             semper
             :
             tunc
             vero
             nitenti
             ut
             sensus
             suos
             abderet
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             16
             Luk.
             8.
             51.
             
          
           
             17
             Si
             tam
             in
             nostra
             potestate
             esset
             oblivisci
             quam
             tacere
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               vit
               .
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Psal.
             54.
             16.
             
          
           
             19
             At
             Agrippinae
             is
             Pavor
             ,
             ea
             consternatio
             mentis
             ▪
             quamvis
             vultu
             premeretur
             emi●uit
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             20
             Anne
             omnium
             oculis
             vultum
             eorum
             scrutantibus
             salli
             inteliigerentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             21
             Atque
             ipse
             moestus
             &
             magnae
             cogitationis
             manisestus
             erat
             ,
             quamvis
             laetitiam
             vagis
             sermonibus
             simularet
             .
             
               Tac.
               1●
               .
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             22
             Octavia
             quoque
             quamvis
             rudibus
             annis
             omnes
             affectus
             abscondere
             didicerat
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             23
             Factus
             Natura
             ,
             &
             consuetudine
             exercitu●
             ,
             vel●re
             odium
             fallacibus
             blanditiis
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             24
             Eccles.
             22.
             24.
             
          
           
             25
             Agrippinae
             quoque
             proximi
             inliciebantur
             pravis
             sermonibus
             tumidos
             Spiritus
             perstimulare
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             26
             Audita
             haec
             raram
             occulti
             pectoris
             vocem
             elicuit
             correptamque
             Graeco
             versu
             admonuit
             ,
             ideo
             laedi
             quia
             non
             regnaret
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             27
             Postea
             cognitum
             est
             ad
             introspiciendas
             etiam
             procerum
             v●luntates
             ,
             inductam
             dubita●ionem
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             28
             Tac.
             4.
             ann
             .
          
           
             29
             Crebris
             interrogationibus
             exquirit
             ,
             qualem
             Piso
             diem
             supre●●●
             Noctemque
             exegisset
             ,
             atque
             illo
             pleraque
             sapientèr
             ,
             quaedam
             inconsultius
             resp●●dente
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             30
             Perculsus
             improvisa
             interrogatione
             paululum
             reticuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             31
             Etenim
             Vultu
             offensionem
             conjectaverat
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             32
             Non
             temperante
             Tiberio
             quin
             premeret
             voce
             ;
             Vultu
             ,
             ●ò
             quod
             ipse
             ●reberrimè
             interrogabat
             :
             neque
             ▪
             refellere
             aut
             eludere
             dabatur
             ;
             ac
             saepe
             etiam
             confitendum
             erat
             nè
             frustra
             quesivisset
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             33
             Crebr●
             ipsius
             sermne
             fact●
             fides
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             34
             Tac.
             4.
             ann
             .
          
           
             *
             Ld.
             Roscom
             .
             Hor.
             Art
             Poet.
             
          
           
             1
             Nec
             enim
             ad
             hanc
             forman
             caetera
             erant
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Tass.
             cant
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             2
             Mihi
             prora
             &
             puppis
             ,
             ut
             Gr●ecorum
             proverbium
             est
             ,
             fuit
             à
             me
             tui
             dimittendi
             ut
             rationes
             meas
             explicares
             ;
             Prora
             itaque
             &
             Pupp●
             summam
             consilii
             nostri
             significamus
             ;
             propterea
             quod
             à
             prora
             &
             puppi
             ,
             tanquam
             à
             capite
             ,
             &
             calce
             pendeat
             totan●vis
             .
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             3
             Acribus
             ut
             ferme
             tali●
             initiis
             ,
             incuri●so
             fine
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             4
             Omnes
             qui
             Magnarum
             rerum
             consilia
             suscipiunt
             ,
             astimare
             debent
             ,
             an
             quod
             inchoatur
             Reip.
             utile
             ,
             ipsis
             glorios●m
             .
             aut
             pr●mptum
             effectu
             ,
             aut
             certè
             non
             ●rduum
             sit
             ,
             simul
             ipse
             qui
             ●uadet
             considerandus
             est
             adjiciatne
             consilio
             periculum
             suum
             :
             Et
             si
             fortuna
             coeptis
             fuerit
             cu●
             s●mmum
             decus
             acquiratur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Nam
             saepe
             honest●s
             rerum
             causas
             ,
             ni
             judicium
             adhibeas
             ,
             pernic●●●
             exitus
             c●nsequuntur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               Hist
            
          
           
             6
             Projectus
             in
             limine
             portae
             ,
             miseratione
             demum
             ,
             quia
             per
             corpus
             Legati
             eundum
             erat
             ,
             clausit
             viam
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               an
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             7
             Eccles.
             22.
             24.
             
          
           
             1
             Dan.
             7.
             9.
             
          
           
             2
             Priusquam
             incipias
             ,
             censulito
             ,
             &
             ubi
             cons●lueris
             mature
             facto
             opus
             ●st
             :
             ita
             utrumque
             per
             se
             indigens
             alter
             al●●●ius
             auxilio
             viget
             .
             Sallust
             .
          
           
             3
             Nullus
             cun●●ationi
             〈◊〉
             est
             in
             eo
             co●●●lie
             ,
             quod
             non
             p●test
             laudari
             ,
             nisi
             peractum
             ,
             
               Tac.
               1.
               Hist
            
          
           
             4
             Barbaris
             〈…〉
             ;
             statim
             exequi
             regium
             videtur
             ▪
             
               Tac.
               6
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Quo
             plus
             virium
             ac
             roboris
             ,
             è
             fiducia
             tarditas
             inerat
             ,
             
               Tac.
               2.
               Hist
            
          
           
             6
             Et
             motus
             temporum
             obtinuit
             ,
             ut
             quod
             segnities
             erat
             ,
             sapienti●
             voca●etur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               Hist
            
          
           
             7
             Agendo
             ,
             audendoque
             res
             Romana
             crevit
             ,
             〈◊〉
             hic
             signibus
             consiliis
             ,
             quae
             timidi
             ●●uta
             voc●nt
             .
             
               Tit.
               Liv.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Potenti●●
             cautis
             ,
             quam
             acrioribus
             consiliis
             tutius
             haberi
             .
             
               Tac.
               11.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Eludi
             Parthus
             tractu
             belli
             poterat
             ,
             si
             Paeto
             aut
             in
             suis
             ,
             ●ut
             in
             〈◊〉
             consiliis
             constantia
             fuisset
             .
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             10
             Vir
             ea
             ratione
             fiet
             〈◊〉
             :
             si
             in
             deliberando
             quidem
             cunctetur
             ,
             &
             praetim●●t
             quicquid
             potest
             〈◊〉
             ,
             in
             agendo
             autem
             ●●nfidat
             .
             Herod
             .
          
           
             1
             In
             principio
             enim
             peccatur
             ;
             principium
             autem
             dicitur
             dimidium
             t●tius
             ,
             itaque
             parvum
             in
             Principio
             erratum
             correspondens
             est
             ad
             alias
             partes
             .
             
               Arist.
               pol.
               lib.
               2.
               cap.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             2
             Cum
             fieri
             non
             possit
             ,
             ut
             si
             in
             primo
             ,
             atque
             principio
             peccatum
             fu●rit
             ,
             non
             ad
             extremum
             malum
             aliquod
             evadat
             .
             
               Arist.
               pol.
               5.
               cap.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             Marian.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             lib.
             6.
             cap.
             19.
             
          
           
             3
             Ferox
             scelerum
             ,
             &
             quia
             prima
             provenerant
             ,
             volutare
             secum
             ,
             quonam
             modo
             Germa●i
             liberos
             perverteret
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Claud.
             
          
           
             †
             Seneca
             .
          
           
             4
             Usu
             probatum
             est
             P.
             C.
             leges
             egregias
             ,
             ●●●pta
             honesta
             ,
             apud
             bonos
             ex
             delictis
             aliorum
             gigni
             ,
             
               Tac.
               15.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Gen.
             6.
             6.
             
          
           
             6
             Instruunt
             Patriarch●
             ,
             non
             solum
             docentes
             ,
             sed
             etiam
             errantes
             .
             
               A●b
               lib.
               〈◊〉
               de
               A●●
               .
               C.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             7
             Non
             d●bet
             reprehensibile
             judicari
             ,
             si
             secundam
             varietatem
             temporum
             ,
             Statu●a
             qundoque
             varientur
             humana
             ,
             p●s●●t●m
             cam
             urg●ns
             N●●●ssitas
             ,
             vel
             evidens
             utilitas
             id
             exposuit
             .
             
               Cap.
               non
               deber
               de
               Cons.
               &
               A●●
               .
            
          
           
             8
             Hest.
             16.
             9.
             
          
           
             1
             Literas
             ad
             usum
             saltem
             discebant
             ,
             reliqua
             omnis
             disciplina
             erat
             ,
             ut
             pulchrè
             parerent
             ,
             ut
             labores
             perferrent
             ,
             ut
             in
             pugna
             vincerent
             .
             Plutar.
             
          
           
             2
             Patres
             valere
             decet
             consilio
             ,
             populo
             supervacanea
             calliditas
             est
             .
             Sallust
             .
          
           
             3
             Ne
             nimia
             Religionum
             diversitas
             grav●m
             in
             Ecclesia
             Dei
             confusionem
             i●ducat
             firmiter
             prohibemus
             ,
             nequis
             de
             c●ter●
             novam
             Religionem
             inven●at
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Conc.
               Later
            
             .
          
           
             4
             Ostendite
             populo
             Romano
             Divi
             Augusti
             neptem
             ,
             eandemque
             conjuge●●
             meam
             ,
             numerate
             sex
             liberos
             .
             
               Tac
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Nulli
             ante
             Romanoru●●
             ejusdem
             fastigii
             viro
             g●●inam
             stirpem
             editam
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             6
             Cum
             ampliari
             imperium
             ●ominum
             add●●●iion●
             potiùs
             ,
             quam
             pecuniarum
             copi●
             malim
             .
          
           
             7
             Prov.
             14.
             28.
             
          
           
             8
             Ne
             clarissima
             familia
             extingueretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             9
             Dotem
             no●
             uxor
             marito
             ,
             sed
             uxori
             maritus
             affert
             .
             
               Tac.
               de
               Mor.
               Germ.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Statuit
             virgines
             sine
             dote
             nubere
             :
             jussit
             uxores
             eligerentur
             ,
             non
             pecunia
             .
             
               Trog
               .
               lib.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             11
             Quare
             qui
             inquilinos
             &
             advenas
             antehac
             in
             Civitatem
             receperunt
             ,
             ●i
             magna
             ex
             parte
             seditionibus
             jactati
             sunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               ●
               .
               5.
               pol.
               c.
            
             3
             ▪
             
          
           
             12
             2
             Kings
             24.
             16.
             
          
           
             13
             Fuit
             proprium
             Pop.
             Rom.
             longe
             à
             dom●
             bellare
             ,
             &
             propugnaculum
             imperii
             sociorum
             fortunas
             ,
             ●on
             sua
             tecta
             defendere
             .
             
               Cic.
               pro
               leg
               .
               Man.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Dei●d●
             neque
             dum
             Annibal
             in
             Italia
             moraretur
             ,
             nec
             proximis
             post
             excessum
             ejus
             annis
             vacavit
             Romanis
             Colonias
             ●●ndere
             ,
             cum
             esset
             in
             bello
             conquirendus
             potius
             miles
             ,
             &
             post
             bellum
             vires
             ref●ve●dae
             ,
             potius
             quam
             spergendae
             ,
             
               Vell.
               lib
            
             1.
             
          
           
             15
             In
             legibus
             Gracch●
             inter
             perniciosissima
             num●raverim
             ,
             quod
             extra
             Italiam
             Coloni●s
             posuit
             ,
             
               Vell.
               lib.
            
             ●
             .
          
           
             16
             Invenim●●
             enim
             quia
             populatim
             Provinci●
             suis
             habitatoribus
             spolr●●●●
             :
             Magno
             vero
             haec
             nostra
             civitas
             populos●
             est
             ,
             turbis
             diversor●●●
             h●minum
             ,
             &
             maxima
             Agricolarum
             suas
             civitates
             &
             culturas
             relinquentiam
             ,
             
               Auth
               de
               Quaest.
            
             
          
           
             17
             Iniquum
             est
             enim
             ut
             de
             una
             substantia
             ,
             qu●bus
             competit
             .
             aequa
             successio
             .
             alii
             abundantèr
             affuant
             ,
             alii
             paupert
             ati●
             r●comm●d●●●gemiscunt
             
               Cass.
               lib.
               1.
               
               Epist
            
             7.
             
          
           
             18
             Commodum
             est
             etiam
             ,
             〈…〉
             donati●●e
             sed
             jure
             cognitionis
             tradantur
             ,
             
               Arist
               l.
               5.
               pol.
            
             8
             
          
           
             19
             Exod.
             36.
             
             5●
             .
          
           
             20
             Exod.
             36.
             6.
             
          
           
             21
             Exod.
             35.
             29.
             
          
           
             1
             Jerem.
             23.
             
          
           
             *
             L.
             19.
             ti●
             .
             2.
             p.
             3.
             
          
           
             2
             Alitèr
             utimur
             propriis
             .
             alitèr
             commodatis
             
               Quint.
               de
               Orat.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Ezek.
             34.
             2.
             
          
           
             4
             John
             10.
             12.
             
          
           
             5
             Principes
             mortales
             ,
             Rempub.
             aeternam
             esse
             ,
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Lib.
             15.
             tit
             .
             5.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             6
             Neque
             quies
             gentium
             sine
             armis
             neque
             arma
             sine
             stipendiis
             ,
             neque
             stipendia
             sine
             tributis
             haberi
             queunt
             ,
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Diss●lution●m
             Imperii
             docendo
             ,
             si
             fructus
             quibus
             Resp.
             sustinetur
             〈◊〉
             ,
             
               Tac.
               13.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             lib.
             9.
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             8
             Tibi
             summum
             rerum
             judicium
             dii
             dedere
             :
             nobis
             obs●quii
             gl●●ia
             relict●
             est
             ,
             
               Tac.
               6.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             9
             2
             Sam.
             8.
             1.
             
             Vide.
             
          
           
             *
             Ut
             nec
             incauta
             exactio
             populos
             gravet
             ,
             nec
             indiscreta
             r●missio
             statum
             gentis
             fociat
             deperire
             ,
             
               Concil
               .
               Tol
               xiii
            
             .
          
           
             10
             2
             Sam.
             23.
             17.
             
          
           
             11
             Ferocissimo
             quoque
             adsumpto
             ,
             aut
             quibus
             ob
             egestatem
             ,
             ac
             metum
             ex
             Flagitiis
             maxima
             peccandi
             necessitudo
             ,
             
               Tac.
               3.
               ann
            
          
           
             12
             1
             Sam.
             22.
             2.
             
          
           
             13
             Gen.
             47.
             25.
             
          
           
             14
             Necissitate
             arm●rum
             excusorta
             ,
             etiam
             in
             pace
             mau●er●
             ,
             
               Tac.
               2.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             15
             Plerumque
             accidit
             ,
             ut
             quae
             provinciae
             pecuniae
             parcendo
             ,
             ●mota
             pericula
             contemnunt
             incumbentibus
             demum
             malis
             ,
             desperat●
             s●pe
             remedio
             graviora
             sentiant
             detrim●nta
             ,
             
               Paul.
               Jov.
            
             
          
           
             16
             Isa.
             3
             12.
             
             Vid.
             
          
           
             17
             Portus
             nostros
             navis
             veniens
             non
             paveseat
             ,
             ut
             certum
             nautis
             possit
             esse
             naufragium
             ,
             si
             manus
             non
             incurrere●t
             exigentium
             :
             quos
             frequenter
             plus
             affligunt
             damna
             ,
             quam
             solent
             naufragia
             ,
             
               Cassiod
               .
               lib.
               4.
               
               Ep.
            
             19.
             
          
           
             18
             Ne
             Provinciae
             nobis
             oneribus
             turbarentur
             ,
             utque
             vetera
             sin●
             a
             varitia
             ,
             ●ut
             crudelitate
             Magistratuum
             tolerarent
             ,
             
               Tac.
               lib.
               4.
               ann
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Ezek.
             27.
             3.
             
          
           
             2
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             3
             Ibid.
             ver
             .
             10.
             
          
           
             4
             Ibid.
             ver
             .
             12.
             
          
           
             5
             Ibid.
             ver
             .
             25.
             
          
           
             6
             Ezek.
             28.
             5.
             
          
           
             7
             Quid
             ?
             lapidum
             causa
             pecuniae
             nostra
             ●
             hostiles
             gentes
             transferuntur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             8
             1
             King.
             10.
             22.
             
          
           
             9
             Psalm
             71.
             8.
             
          
           
             10
             Isai.
             49.
             12
             
          
           
             11
             Prov.
             31.
             14.
             
          
           
             12
             Isai.
             49.
             21.
             
          
           
             1
             2
             King.
             20.
             13.
             
          
           
             2
             Ibid.
             ver
             .
             17.
             
          
           
             3
             Sed
             nihil
             aqu●
             fatigabat
             ,
             quam
             pecuniarum
             conquisitio
             ;
             eos
             esse
             belli
             civilis
             nervos
             dictitans
             ,
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Melius
             publicas
             opes
             à
             privatis
             haberi
             ,
             quam
             intra
             unum
             claustrum
             asservari
             .
             Eutrop.
             
          
           
             5
             Penes
             quos
             Aurum
             ,
             &
             opes
             praecipuae
             bellorum
             causae
             .
             
               Tacit.
               6.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Male
             e●iam
             circa
             pecunias
             publicas
             constitutum
             est
             apud
             ill●s
             ,
             quia
             neque
             in
             publi●o
             habent
             quicquam
             ,
             &
             magna
             bella
             gerere
             coacti
             ,
             pecunias
             agre
             con●erunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               l.
               2.
               c.
               6.
               
               Pol.
               
            
          
           
             7
             Privato
             usui
             bonum
             publicum
             postponitur
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             *
             St.
             August
             .
             lib.
             5.
             
               de
               Civ
               .
               Dei
            
             ,
             cap.
             12.
             
          
           
             †
             Lib.
             2.
             
             Ode
             15.
             
          
           
             8
             Prov.
             21.
             14.
             
          
           
             *
             Dryden
             '
             s
             Virgil.
             
          
           
             9
             Maxima
             pars
             hominum
             è
             terra
             vivit
             &
             fructibus
             .
             
               Aristor
               .
               Polit.
               lib.
               1.
               c.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             10
             Et
             divitiarum
             expectatio
             inter
             causas
             paupertatis
             publicae
             erat
             .
             
               Tac.
               16.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             11
             At
             hercule
             nemo
             refert
             ,
             quod
             Italia
             extern●e
             opis
             indiget
             ;
             quòd
             vita
             populi
             Romani
             per
             incerta
             maris
             &
             tempestatum
             quotidie
             vivitur
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Tasso
             .
          
           
             12
             S●epe
             enim
             de
             facultatibus
             suis
             amplius
             quam
             in
             his
             est
             ,
             sperant
             homines
             .
             
               Justin.
               Instit.
               quibus
               ex
               causis
               man.
               §
               in
               fraudem
               .
            
          
           
             13
             Vires
             luxu
             corrumpebantur
             ,
             contra
             veterem
             disciplinam
             ,
             &
             instituta
             majorum
             ,
             apud
             quos
             virtute
             ,
             quam
             pecunia
             res
             Rom.
             melius
             stetit
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Vt
             ratio
             quaestuum
             ,
             &
             necessitas
             erogationum
             inter
             se
             congruerent
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             15
             Baruch
             6.
             9.
             
          
           
             16
             A
             domesticis
             volumus
             inchoare
             disciplinam
             ,
             ut
             reliquos
             pudea●
             errare
             ,
             quando
             nostris
             cognoscimur
             excedendi
             licentiam
             non
             praebere
             .
             
               Cas.
               lib.
               10.
               ep
            
             .
             5.
             
          
           
             17
             Da
             operam
             ut
             impensae
             t●ae
             moderat●
             sint
             ,
             &
             rationi
             consentaneae
             .
             
               Bell.
               in
               Vit.
               S.
               Lud.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Multa
             scribo
             non
             tam
             ut
             saeculo
             meo
             prosim
             ,
             cujus
             jam
             despera●●
             miseria
             est
             ,
             quàm
             ut
             meipsum
             conceptis
             exonerem
             ,
             &
             animum
             script●●
             soler
             .
             Petrarch
             .
          
           
             *
             Lucan
             .
          
           
             1
             Exod.
             4.
             15.
             
          
           
             2
             Vnum
             esse
             Reip.
             Corpus
             atque
             unius
             animo
             regendum
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Quanquam
             arduum
             sit
             ,
             eodem
             loci
             potenti●●●
             &
             concordiam
             esse
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             *
             
               Mar.
               Hist.
               Hisp.
               l.
               15.
               c.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Mat.
               Hist.
               Hisp.
               l.
               9.
               c.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             †
             
               Mar.
               Hist.
               Hisp.
               l.
               9.
               c.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             l.
             15.
             c.
             19.
             
          
           
             4
             2
             Chron.
             21.
             3.
             
          
           
             5
             Minori
             discrimine
             sumi
             principem
             quàm
             quaeri
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             l.
             28.
             11.
             
          
           
             1
             Gen.
             3.
             19.
             
          
           
             2
             Prov.
             6.
             6.
             
          
           
             3
             Non
             gaudent
             Martyres
             ,
             quando
             exillis
             pecuniis
             honorantur
             ,
             in
             quibus
             pauperes
             plorant
             .
             
               St.
               Chrysoft
               sup
               .
               Matth.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Oportere
             dividi
             sacros
             &
             negotiosos
             dies
             ,
             quibus
             divi●a
             colerentur
             ,
             &
             humana
             non
             impedirent
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Nostram
             omnem
             vitam
             ,
             in
             remissionem
             atque
             studium
             esse
             divis●●
             ▪
             
               Plat.
               de
               lib.
               Educat
            
             .
          
           
             2
             Otium
             enim
             tum
             ad
             virtutes
             generandas
             ,
             〈…〉
             civilia
             munera
             obeunda
             requiru●●tur
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               l.
               7.
               c.
            
             9.
             
          
           
             3
             Nascitur
             ex
             assiduitate
             laborum
             animorum
             hebetatio
             quaedam
             ,
             &
             l●nguor
             .
             
               Senec.
               de
               Tranquil
               .
               Anim.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Cum
             inter
             suos
             convivaretur
             ,
             〈◊〉
             Vlpianum
             ,
             aut
             doctos
             homines
             adhibebat
             ,
             ut
             habere
             fabulas
             literatas
             ,
             〈◊〉
             se
             recreari
             dicebat
             &
             pasci
             .
             
               Lamp.
               in
               Vit.
               Alex.
               Sev.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Co●ceius
             Nerva
             ,
             cui
             legum
             peritia
             :
             eques
             Romanus
             ,
             praeter
             Sejanum
             ,
             &
             illustribus
             Curtius
             Atticus
             ;
             ●aeteri
             liberalibus
             artibus
             praediti
             fer●●
             Graeci
             ,
             quorum
             sermonibus
             levaretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Accitis
             in
             convivium
             peritis
             ad
             risum
             commovendum
             hominibus
             ,
             〈◊〉
             omnium
             non
             risisse
             ,
             post
             autem
             inducta
             simia
             in
             risum
             solutum
             ,
             dixisse
             ,
             Natura
             id
             Animal
             ridiculum
             ,
             hominem
             autem
             arte
             ,
             &
             studio
             eoque
             pa●●●
             honesto
             .
             
               Athen.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             7
             Satis
             Onerum
             Principibus
             ,
             satis
             etiam
             potentiae
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Impera
             ,
             ut
             liberos
             cit●aram
             pulsare
             ,
             psallere
             ,
             cauponari
             doceant
             ,
             &
             〈◊〉
             comperies
             ,
             O
             Rex
             ,
             viros
             in
             mulieres
             degenerasse
             ,
             nihilque
             metuendum
             ,
             〈◊〉
             rebelles
             ●
             te
             unquam
             desciscant
             .
             
               Herod
               .
               lib.
            
             40
             
          
           
             9
             Idque
             apud
             〈◊〉
             ritos
             humanitas
             vocabatur
             ,
             cum
             pars
             servitutis
             esset
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Instituta
             cultumque
             patrium
             resumite
             ,
             abruptis
             voluptatibus
             qui●●
             Romani
             plus
             adversus
             subjectos
             ,
             quam
             armis
             valent
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Item
             vivere
             ut
             quisque
             velit
             permissio
             ,
             quoniam
             sic
             magna
             erit
             tali
             Reip.
             faventium
             multitudo
             ,
             ●●am
             vulgo
             dissoluta
             gratior
             est
             quam
             temperata
             vita
             .
             
               Arist.
               6.
               
               Pol.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             1
             Ex
             parvis
             orta
             seditione
             de
             rebus
             magnis
             dissidetur
             .
             
               Arist.
               l.
               5.
               
               Pol.
               cap.
            
             4
             
          
           
             2
             Primis
             eventibus
             metum
             ac
             fiduciam
             gigni
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               12.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Vi
             ne
             militum
             servum
             suum
             coërceret
             ,
             an
             inanem
             credulitatem
             tempore
             ipso
             vanescere
             sinere●
             ,
             modò
             nihil
             spernendum
             ,
             modò
             omnia
             metuend●
             ,
             ambiguus
             pudoris
             a●
             metus
             reputabat
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Initia
             bellorum
             civilium
             fortunae
             permittenda
             ,
             victoriam
             consiliis
             &
             ratione
             perfici
             .
             
               Tac.
               ●
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Vtendum
             inclinatione
             e●
             Caesar
             ,
             &
             quae
             casus
             obtulerat
             ,
             in
             sapientiam
             vertenda
             ratus
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Nihil
             in
             vulgo
             modicum
             :
             terrere
             ni
             paveant
             ,
             ubi
             pertimuerint
             impunè
             contemni
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Lucan
             .
          
           
             †
             Virg.
             in
             Georg.
             
          
           
             7
             Tyronem
             à
             ve●erano
             ,
             Legionem
             à
             Legione
             dissociant
             .
             
               Ta●
               .
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Longis
             spatiis
             discreti
             exercitus
             ,
             quod
             saluberrimum
             est
             ad
             ●ontinendam
             ●ilitarem
             fidem
             ,
             ne
             vitiis
             nec
             viribus
             mis●ebantur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Quod
             in
             seditionibus
             accidit
             ,
             unde
             plures
             ●rant
             ,
             omnes
             fuere
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Dux
             ad
             solvendam
             militum
             conspirationem
             alterum
             in
             alterum
             concitat
             .
             
               S.
               Chrysost.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Remedium
             tumultus
             fuit
             alius
             tumultus
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Divus
             Augustus
             vultu
             &
             aspectu
             Actiacas
             Legione●
             exterruit
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Illi
             quoties
             oculos
             ad
             multitudinem
             retulerant
             vocibus
             trucul●●●●●repere
             ,
             rursum
             viso
             caesare
             trepidare
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Res●st●●●●esque
             Germanico
             &
             Druso
             ,
             posse
             à
             se
             mitigari
             ,
             vel
             infringi
             :
             quod
             aliud
             s●●sidium
             si
             Imperatorem
             sprevissent
             ?
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             15
             Habet
             aliquid
             ex
             iniquo
             omne
             magnum
             exemplum
             ,
             quod
             contra
             〈◊〉
             utilitate
             publica
             rependitur
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             16
             Gaudebat
             cae●●●●s
             miles
             ,
             tanquam
             semet
             absolvere●
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             17
             Nihil
             ●●●ci
             Patientia
             ,
             nisi
             ut
             graviora
             ,
             tanquam
             ex
             facil
             tolerantibus
             imperen●●●
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agr.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Et
             Flaccus
             multa
             concedendo
             ,
             nihil
             aliud
             〈◊〉
             ,
             qu●m
             ut
             acrius
             exposc●rent
             ,
             quae
             sci●bant
             negaturum
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             19
             Superior
             exercitus
             Legatum
             Hordenium
             Flaccum
             spernebat
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Nec
             Caesar
             ar●ebat
             ,
             quando
             nihil
             ipsius
             jussu
             ,
             penes
             ●osd●●
             saevitia
             facti
             &
             invidia
             ●rat
             .
             
               Tac
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             21
             Fit
             temerit●●●●
             alienae
             comes
             Spurinna
             ,
             primo
             coactus
             ,
             mox
             velle
             simulans
             ,
             quo
             plus
             aucto●itat●●
             inesse●
             consiliis
             ,
             si
             seditio
             mitescere●
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             22
             Neque
             〈◊〉
             glis●entis
             discordiae
             remedium
             ,
             quàm
             si
             unus
             alt●●ve
             maximè
             prompti
             subverterent●r
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             23
             Nihil
             ausuram
             plebem
             principibus
             amot●●
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             24
             Nam
             Periander
             caduceatori
             ,
             per
             quem
             Thrasybulus
             consilium
             ejus
             exquirebat
             ,
             nihil
             respondisse
             fertur
             ,
             sed
             s●icis
             eminentibus
             sublatis
             segetem
             ad●quasse
             .
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               3.
               c.
            
             9.
             
          
           
             25
             E●
             oratio
             ad
             perstringendos
             mulcendosque
             militum
             animos
             ,
             severitatis
             modus
             (
             neque
             enim
             in
             plures
             quàm
             in
             duos
             animadverti
             jusserat
             )
             gratè
             accepta
             ,
             compositique
             ad
             praesens
             ,
             qui
             coerceri
             non
             poterant
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             26
             Et
             dum
             mali
             pavent
             ,
             optimu●●●isque
             jussis
             paruere
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             27
             Haud
             peri●de
             Germanos
             vul●era
             ,
             luctus
             ,
             excidia
             ,
             quàm
             ea
             species
             dolore
             &
             ira
             adfecit
             .
             
               Tacit.
               2.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             28
             Iulius
             igitur
             Civilis
             periculo
             exemptus
             praepotens
             inter
             Bata●●s
             ,
             ne
             supplicio
             ejus
             ferox
             gens
             alienaretur
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             29
             Quo
             minor
             spes
             veniae
             ,
             cresceret
             vinculum
             sceleris
             ,
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             30
             Tac.
             4.
             
             Hist.
             
          
           
             31
             Sed
             vires
             ad
             coercendum
             deerant
             ,
             in
             frequentibus
             infidisque
             Legionibus
             ,
             
               &c.
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             32
             Nihil
             spei
             ,
             nisi
             per
             discordias
             habeant
             .
             
               Tac.
               11.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             33
             Nihil
             in
             discordiis
             civilibus
             festinatione
             tuti●s
             ,
             ●●i
             facto
             magìs
             ,
             quam
             con●ulto
             opus
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             34
             Pergit
             properus
             &
             pra●veniens
             inimico●um
             actus
             ,
             amicorum
             ●●●●ite●tiam
             .
             
               Tac.
               6.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             35
             Paul.
             ad
             Gal.
             5.
             15.
             
          
           
             36
             Quippe
             i●
             turbis
             &
             discordiis
             pessimo
             cuique
             plurima
             vis
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             37
             Civilibus
             bellis
             plus
             militibus
             quam
             ducibus
             licere
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Vn●
             ac
             ca
             vetus
             causa
             bellandi
             ,
             profunda
             libido
             imperii
             ,
             &
             d●●●tiarum
             .
             
               Sal.
               in
               Cons.
               Catil
            
             .
          
           
             2
             Iam.
             4.
             1.
             
          
           
             3
             1
             Chron.
             22.
             8.
             
          
           
             4
             2
             Sam.
             11.
             25.
             
          
           
             5
             Video
             serrum
             ex
             iisdem
             tenebris
             esse
             prolatum
             ,
             quibus
             A●rum
             &
             Argentum
             ,
             ne
             aut
             instrumentum
             in
             caedes
             mutuas
             deesset
             ,
             aut
             Pretium
             .
             Senec.
             
          
           
             6
             Nam
             cum
             duo
             sint
             genera
             disceptandi
             ,
             unum
             per
             disceptationem
             ,
             alter●●
             per
             vim
             ,
             cumque
             illud
             proprium
             sit
             hominis
             ,
             hoc
             belluarum
             ,
             confugiendum
             e●●
             ad
             posterius
             ,
             si
             ●ti
             non
             licet
             superiori
             .
             Cicero
             .
          
           
             *
             L.
             2.
             tt
             .
             23.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             7
             Castrensis
             jurisdictio
             secura
             ,
             &
             obtusior
             ,
             &
             plura
             manu
             agens
             ,
             calliditatem
             fori
             non
             exerceat
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Sumi
             Bellum
             etiam
             ab
             ignavis
             ,
             tenu●ssimi
             cujusque
             Periculum
             geri
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Pa●em
             habere
             debet
             Voluntas
             ,
             Bell●m
             Necessi●●s
             .
             
               De
               August
               .
               Epist.
               207.
               
               Tom.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             10
             Tac.
             15.
             
             Annal.
             
          
           
             1
             For
             they
             have
             sown
             the
             Wind
             ,
             and
             reap'd
             the
             Whirlwind
             .
             H●sea
             8.
             7.
             
          
           
             3
             Isai.
             23.
             11.
             
          
           
             4
             Ezek.
             32.
             2.
             
          
           
             5
             Ier.
             4.
             13.
             
          
           
             6
             Ier.
             8.
             16.
             
          
           
             7
             4.
             13.
             
          
           
             8
             Ier.
             8.
             16.
             
          
           
             9
             Isai.
             14.
             16.
             
          
           
             10
             Isai.
             10.
             5.
             
          
           
             11
             Exod.
             7.
             1.
             
          
           
             12
             Data
             est
             Moysi
             authoritas
             ,
             &
             potest●●
             ,
             〈◊〉
             vel●t
             Deus
             Pharaontem
             ●erreret
             ,
             puniret
             .
             
               Hil.
               l.
               7.
               de
               Trin.
            
             
          
           
             13
             2
             Mac.
             15.
             8.
             
          
           
             14
             Isai.
             19.
             3.
             
          
           
             15
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             16
             Ezek.
             29.
             10.
             
          
           
             17
             Pro●
             .
             26.
             27.
             
          
           
             18
             Sapientibus
             quietis
             &
             Reip.
             curae
             :
             levissimus
             quisque
             ,
             &
             futuri
             imp●ovidus
             spe
             vana
             tumens
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             19
             Perniciem
             aliis
             ,
             ac
             postremum
             sibi
             invenere
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Vt
             cuique
             erat
             ,
             criminando
             ,
             quod
             facillimum
             factu
             est
             ,
             prav●s
             &
             callidus
             ,
             bonos
             &
             modestos
             anteibat
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             21
             Praefectur●●
             vigilum
             ,
             &
             praetorii
             ,
             &
             alia
             praemia
             virtutum
             velocius
             vitiis
             adeptus
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             22
             Inter
             stupra
             concubinarum
             ,
             &
             oscula
             ,
             &
             deforme●
             mores
             ,
             sectis
             novacula
             faeucibus
             ,
             infamem
             vitam
             foedavit
             ,
             etiam
             exi●u
             se●●
             &
             inhonesto
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             1
             And
             the
             Sons
             of
             Aaron
             the
             Priest
             shall
             blow
             with
             the
             Trumpets
             ,
             and
             they
             shall
             be
             for
             an
             Ordinance
             for
             ever
             to
             you
             ,
             throughout
             your
             Generations
             .
             Numb
             .
             10.
             8.
             
          
           
             2
             In
             turb●s
             &
             discordi●s
             pess●mo
             cuique
             plurima
             vis
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             1
             Discesser●ntque
             opertis
             Odiis
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               An●al
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             1
             Isai.
             13.
             22.
             
          
           
             2
             Prov.
             29.
             5.
             
          
           
             3
             Peractis
             tritsitia
             imitamentis
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Periisse
             Germanicum
             nulli
             jact
             antius
             moerent
             ,
             quam
             qui
             maxime
             laetantur
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             *
             
             May's
             Version
             of
             Lucan
             .
          
           
             5
             Prov.
             27.
             6.
             
          
           
             6
             Psal.
             54.
             22.
             
          
           
             7
             Nec
             ideo
             sincerae
             charitatis
             fidem
             adsecutus
             ,
             amoliri
             juvenem
             specie
             ho●oris
             statuit
             ,
             struxitque
             caus●s
             ,
             aut
             fortè
             oblatas
             a●ripuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               2.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Tum
             Agrippina
             ver●is
             Artibus
             ,
             per
             blandimenta
             juvenem
             aggredi
             ,
             suum
             potiùs
             cubiculum
             ac
             sinum
             offerre
             contegendis
             ,
             quae
             prima
             aetas
             ,
             &
             summa
             fortuna
             expeterent
             .
             
               Tac.
               14.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Quae
             muta●i●
             nequ●
             Ner●nem
             fefellit
             ,
             &
             proximi
             amicorum
             metuebant
             ,
             orabantque
             caver●
             in●idis
             mulior
             is
             semper
             ●trocis
             ,
             tum
             &
             falsae
             .
             
               Tac.
               13.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Vt
             Imperium
             evertant
             Libertatem
             praeferunt
             :
             si
             impetraverint
             ipsam
             aggredientur
             .
             
               Tac.
               16.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Caeterum
             libertas
             ,
             &
             speciosa
             nomina
             praetexuntur
             ,
             nec
             quisquam
             alienum
             servitium
             &
             dominationem
             sibi
             concupivit
             ,
             ut
             non
             eadem
             ista
             vocabula
             usurparet
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             12
             Speciosa
             verbis
             ,
             re
             inania
             au●
             subdola
             :
             quantaque
             majore
             libertatis
             imagine
             ●egebantur
             ,
             tanto
             eruptura
             ad
             infensius
             servitium
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             13
             Ne
             cont●●aciam
             cum
             pernicie
             ,
             quam
             obsequium
             cum
             securitate
             m●litis
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist
               ▪
            
          
           
             14
             Dilecta
             ex
             his
             ,
             &
             constituta
             Reipub.
             forma
             laudari
             facilius
             quam
             evenire
             ,
             vel
             si
             evenit
             ,
             haud
             diuturna
             esse
             potest
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             15
             An
             Neronem
             extremum
             Dominorum
             putatis
             ?
             idem
             crediderunt
             ,
             qui
             Tiberio
             ,
             qui
             Caio
             superstites
             fuerunt
             :
             cum
             interim
             instabilior
             &
             saevior
             exortus
             est
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             16
             Ferenda
             Regum
             ingenia
             ,
             neque
             usui
             crebraes
             mutationes
             .
             
               Tac.
               12.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             17
             Vlteriora
             mirari
             ,
             praesenti●
             sequi
             ,
             bonos
             Imperatores
             voto
             expetere
             ,
             qualescunque
             tolerare
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Ier.
             27.
             6.
             
          
           
             19
             Quomodo
             sterilitatem
             ,
             aut
             nimios
             imbres
             ,
             &
             ●aetera
             Naturae
             mala
             ,
             ita
             Luxuriam
             vel
             avaritiam
             dominantium
             tolerare
             .
             
               Tac.
               4.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             20
             Vi●ia
             erunt
             ,
             donec
             Homines
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             21
             Sed
             neque
             haec
             continua
             ;
             &
             meliorum
             interventu
             pensantur
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             *
             Si
             me
             non
             vide●s
             esse
             negabis
             avem
             .
             Mar●
             .
          
           
             1
             Inter
             aves
             Ingenio
             ,
             Sa●●citateque
             praestat
             ,
             quod
             grandi
             sit
             c●pite
             ,
             atque
             in
             India
             coelo
             sincero
             〈◊〉
             ,
             undè
             didicit
             non
             solum
             loqui
             ,
             sed
             etiam
             meditari
             ,
             meditatur
             ob
             st●dium
             Gloriae
             .
             ●ardan
             .
          
           
             2
             Cum
             justè
             Bellum
             suscipitur
             ,
             ut
             aperte
             pugnet
             quis
             ,
             aut
             ex
             Insidiis
             ,
             nihil
             ad
             Iustitiam
             interest
             .
             
               D.
               Aug.
            
             
          
           
             3
             Dolus
             an
             Virtus
             quis
             in
             Hoste
             requirat
             .
             Virg.
             
          
           
             4
             Receive
             a
             stranger
             into
             thine
             house
             ,
             and
             he
             will
             disturb
             thee
             ,
             and
             turn
             thee
             out
             of
             thine
             own
             .
             Eccles.
             11.
             34.
             
          
           
             5
             Ignarus
             militiae
             ,
             improvidus
             con●ilii
             ,
             quis
             ordo
             Agminis
             ,
             quae
             cura
             explorandi
             ,
             quantus
             urgendo
             ,
             trahendove
             Bello
             modus
             .
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             6
             And
             Joshua
             sent
             out
             two
             men
             to
             spy
             secretly
             .
             Ios.
             2.
             1.
             
          
           
             7
             And
             the
             Angel
             of
             God
             which
             went
             before
             the
             camp
             of
             Israel
             ,
             remov'd
             and
             went
             behind
             them
             ;
             and
             the
             pillar
             of
             the
             cloud
             went
             from
             before
             their
             face
             ,
             and
             stood
             behind
             them
             .
             Exod.
             14.
             19.
             
          
           
             8
             Send
             thou
             men
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             search
             the
             Land
             of
             Canaan
             ,
             which
             I
             give
             unto
             the
             Children
             of
             Israel
             .
             Numb
             .
             13.
             2.
             
          
           
             1
             Timet
             ,
             atque
             eum
             deficere
             omnia
             videntur
             ,
             qui
             in
             ipso
             negotio
             ●●●silium
             capere
             cogitur
             .
             
               Jul.
               Caes.
            
             
          
           
             2
             Res
             nostrae
             feruntur
             ,
             imo
             volvuntur
             ;
             ergo
             consilium
             sub
             die
             nasci
             debet
             ;
             &
             hoc
             quoque
             tardum
             est
             〈◊〉
             ,
             sub
             manu
             ,
             quod
             aiunt
             nascatur
             .
             Seneca
             .
          
           
             3
             Omnia
             non
             properanti
             clara
             certaque
             sunt
             ,
             festinatio
             improvida
             est
             &
             〈◊〉
             Livy
             .
          
           
             4
             Scelera
             impetu
             ,
             bona
             consilia
             morâ
             valescere
             solent
             .
             
               ●ac
               .
               l.
               1.
               
               Hist.
               
            
          
           
             5
             Festinare
             quodvis
             negotium
             gignit
             errores
             ,
             ●nde
             〈◊〉
             detrimenta
             exoriri
             solent
             ;
             at
             in
             cunctando
             bona
             insunt
             ,
             quae
             si
             non
             〈◊〉
             talia
             videantur
             ,
             in
             tempore
             bona
             quis
             esse
             reperiat
             .
             Herod
             .
          
           
             6
             Ips●
             〈◊〉
             cunctatione
             agendi
             tempora
             consultando
             consumpsit
             .
             Taci●
             .
          
           
             7
             Sane
             Cerealis
             parum
             temporis
             ad
             exequenda
             imperia
             dabat
             ,
             〈◊〉
             consiliis
             ,
             sed
             eventu
             clarus
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               5.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Omnia
             inconsulti
             imp●●●
             caepta
             ,
             initiis
             valida
             ,
             spatio
             languescunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               3.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Duces
             pr●videndo
             ,
             consultando
             ,
             curctatione
             saepius
             ,
             quam
             temerita●e
             prodesse
             .
             
               Idem
               Ibid.
            
             
          
           
             10
             Iam
             castra
             in
             hostili
             loco
             moliebatur
             Corbulo
             ,
             acceptis
             tamen
             à
             〈◊〉
             Imperatore
             literis
             ,
             quibus
             se
             recipere
             jubebatur
             ,
             re
             subita
             ,
             quanquam
             〈◊〉
             simul
             offenderentur
             ,
             metus
             ex
             Imperatore
             ,
             contemptus
             ex
             Barbaris
             ,
             〈◊〉
             brium
             apud
             socios
             ;
             nihil
             aliud
             prolocutus
             ,
             quam
             ●eatos
             quos●am
             Duces
             〈◊〉
             ,
             fignum
             recep●ui
             dedit
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               11.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Iussa
             Principis
             magis
             ,
             quam
             incerta
             belli
             metuens
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
            
             4.
             
             Annal.
             
          
           
             1
             See
             the
             land
             what
             it
             is
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             that
             dwell
             therein
             ,
             whether
             they
             be
             strong
             or
             weak
             ,
             few
             or
             many
             .
             Numb
             .
             13.
             18.
             
          
           
             2
             Homines
             ,
             qui
             frigida
             h●●
             ,
             Europamque
             habitant
             ,
             sunt
             illi
             quidem
             〈◊〉
             .
             
               Arist.
               l.
               7.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             7.
             
          
           
             3
             Graecorum
             autem
             genus
             ,
             ut
             locorum
             medium
             tenet
             ,
             sic
             ex
             utr●q●●
             naturâ
             praeditum
             ,
             quippe
             animo
             simul
             &
             intelligentia
             valet
             .
             
               Arist.
               l.
               7.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             7.
             
          
           
             4
             Advenientes
             enim
             externos
             benignè
             hospitio
             excipiunt
             ,
             adeo
             u●
             aem●latione
             quadam
             invicem
             pro
             illorum
             honore
             certent
             :
             Quos
             advenae
             sequ●ntur
             ,
             hos
             laudant
             aemicosque
             Deorum
             putant
             .
             
               Diod.
               Sicul.
               l.
               6.
               c.
            
             9.
             
          
           
             5
             Plus
             ibi
             bonos
             Mores
             valere
             ,
             quam
             alibi
             bonas
             Leges
             .
             
               Tac.
               de
               Mor.
               ●●●●●norum
            
             .
          
           
             6
             Had
             the
             Author
             liv'd
             longer
             ,
             or
             not
             wrote
             so
             soon
             ,
             he
             would
             have
             been
             of
             another
             Opinion
             .
          
           
             7
             Natura
             enim
             quoddam
             hominum
             genus
             proclive
             est
             ut
             imperio
             herili
             gubernetur
             ,
             aliud
             ut
             regio
             ,
             aliud
             ut
             civili
             ,
             &
             horum
             imperium
             cujusque
             aliud
             est
             jus
             ,
             &
             alia
             commodit●s
             .
             
               Arist.
               l.
               3.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             8
             Isai.
             6.
             8.
             
          
           
             1
             And
             King
             Solomon
             made
             two
             hundred
             targets
             of
             beaten
             gold
             ,
             six
             hundred
             sheckl●s
             of
             beaten
             gold
             went
             to
             each
             target
             :
             And
             he
             made
             three
             hundred
             shields
             of
             beaten
             gold
             ,
             and
             three
             hundred
             sheckles
             went
             to
             one
             shield
             .
             2
             Chron.
             9.
             15
             ,
             16.
             
          
           
             2
             Hispanis
             militares
             E●●
             sanguine
             ipsorum
             cariores
             erant
             .
             Trog
          
           
             3
             Quibus
             quidem
             vehiculi●
             〈…〉
             &
             spectatae
             probitatis
             ,
             aliàs
             uti
             non
             licuit
             .
             
               Alex.
               ab
               Alexan●
               l.
               8.
               c.
            
             18.
             
          
           
             4
             And
             the
             shield
             of
             his
             mighty
             men
             is
             made
             red
             Na●um
             2.
             3.
             
          
           
             5
             Now
             when
             the
             sun
             shined
             upon
             the
             shields
             of
             gold
             and
             brass
             ,
             the
             mountains
             glistered
             therewith
             ,
             and
             shined
             like
             lamps
             of
             fire
             .
             Macchab.
             6.
             39.
             
          
           
             6
             Psal.
             44.
             4.
             
          
           
             7
             Vestibus
             nihil
             inter
             aequales
             ●●ellens
             ,
             arma
             a●que
             equi
             inspiciebantur
             .
          
           
             8
             Scuto
             Frameaque
             juvenes
             ●●abant
             .
             Haec
             apud
             illos
             toga
             ,
             hic
             primus
             Iuventae
             honos
             ,
             ante
             hoc
             Domus
             〈◊〉
             videbantur
             ,
             mox
             Reipublicae
             .
             
               Tac.
               de
               Mor.
               Germ.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Supellex
             pretiosa
             nihil
             aliud
             quam
             onus
             &
             impedimentum
             .
             
               Curt.
               l.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             10
             Vrbem
             Senatui
             ,
             &
             Populo
             Romano
             ,
             Templa
             Diis
             reddita
             ,
             propri●
             esse
             Militiae
             decus
             in
             Armis
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               3.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             11
             Ne
             terreat
             va●●
             aspectus
             ,
             &
             auri
             fulgor
             atque
             argenti
             ,
             quod
             neque
             regit
             neque
             vulner●●
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Tass.
             Can.
             9.
             
          
           
             12
             Quod
             tenaciores
             eorum
             i●
             pretio
             essent
             metu
             damni
             .
             Sueton.
             
          
           
             13
             Quidam
             luxuriosos
             apparatus
             conviviorum
             ,
             &
             irritamenta
             libidinum
             ,
             〈◊〉
             instrumenta
             belli
             mercarentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             14
             Cui
             perfidiam
             〈◊〉
             ,
             infringere
             exercitûs
             virtutem
             inter
             artes
             erat
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             15
             Sed
             Corbuloni
             plus
             molis
             adversus
             ignaviam
             militum
             ,
             quàm
             contra
             per●●iam
             hostium
             erat
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               13.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             16
             Degenerabat
             à
             labore
             ac
             virtute
             miles
             ,
             assuetudine
             voluptatum
             &
             conviviorum
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               2.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             17
             Legiones
             operum
             &
             laboris
             ignar●●
             ,
             popul●tionibus
             laetantes
             ,
             veterem
             ad
             morem
             reduxit
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               11.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Veterani
             qui
             non
             stationem
             non
             vigilias
             inissent
             ,
             vallum
             ,
             fossamque
             quasi
             nova
             &
             mira
             viserent
             ,
             sine
             galeis
             ,
             sine
             loricis
             ,
             nitidi
             ,
             &
             quaestuo●●
             ,
             militi●
             per
             oppida
             expietâ
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               13.
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             19
             ●pse
             cultu
             levi
             ,
             capite
             intecto
             ,
             in
             agmine
             ,
             in
             laboribus
             frequens
             adesse
             ;
             laudem
             strenu●●
             ,
             solatium
             invalidis
             ,
             exemplum
             omnibus
             o●tendere
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             20
             Remediu●
             severitate
             quae●i●um
             est
             .
             Nec
             enim
             ut
             in
             aliis
             exercitibus
             ,
             primum
             alterumqu●
             venia
             prosequebatur
             ,
             sed
             qui
             signa
             reliq●erat
             ,
             s●atim
             capite
             poenas
             luebat
             .
             Idque
             usu
             salubre
             ,
             &
             misericordia
             melius
             apparuit
             .
             Quippe
             pauciores
             castr●
             deseru●re
             ,
             quam
             ea
             in
             quibus
             ignoscebatur
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             *
             Tass.
             Can.
             20.
             
          
           
             21
             We
             will
             not
             pass
             through
             the
             fields
             nor
             through
             the
             vineyards
             ,
             neither
             will
             we
             drink
             of
             the
             water
             of
             the
             wells
             .
             Numb
             .
             20.
             19.
             
          
           
             22
             Disciplinam
             majorum
             Rempublicam
             tenet
             ,
             quae
             si
             dilabatur
             ,
             &
             nomen
             Romanum
             ,
             &
             Imperium
             amissum
             iri
             .
             
               Alex.
               Sever.
               apud
               Lamprid.
            
             
          
           
             23
             Paucos
             viros
             fortes
             natura
             procreat
             ,
             bona
             institutione
             plures
             reddit
             industria
             .
             Veget.
             
          
           
             24
             And
             the
             principal
             scribe
             of
             the
             army
             ,
             who
             mustered
             the
             people
             of
             the
             land
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               2
               King.
            
             25.
             9.
             
          
           
             25
             Gen.
             37.
             36.
             
          
           
             26
             Ierem.
             39.
             9.
             
          
           
             27
             Centesimam
             rerum
             venalium
             post
             bella
             civilia
             institutam
             ,
             deprecante
             populo
             ,
             edixit
             Tiberius
             militare
             ●rarium
             eo
             subsidio
             niti
             .
             
               Tacit.
               ●
               .
               1.
               
               Annal.
               
            
          
           
             28
             Ita
             enim
             &
             tutelae
             civitatis
             instructae
             murorum
             praesidio
             providebitur
             ,
             &
             instaurandi
             agonis
             voluptas
             ,
             confirmatis
             his
             ,
             qua
             ad
             securitatis
             cautionem
             spectant
             ,
             in
             secuti
             temporis
             circuitus
             circuitione
             repraesentabit
             .
             
               L.
               Unica
               C.
               de
               Expen
               .
               Publ.
               l.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             1
             Civitates
             magna
             ex
             parte
             bellum
             gerentes
             conservantur
             ,
             caedem
             I●per●o
             potitae
             corrumpuntur
             .
             
               Aristot.
               l.
               7.
               
               Polit.
               c.
            
             14.
             
          
           
             2
             Metus
             hostilis
             in
             bonis
             artibus
             civitatem
             retinebat
             .
             Salust
             .
          
           
             3
             Whose
             arrows
             are
             sharp
             ,
             and
             all
             their
             bows
             bent
             :
             their
             horses
             hoofs
             shall
             be
             counted
             like
             ●lints
             .
             Isai.
             5.
             28.
             
          
           
             4
             Timens
             infirmis
             animis
             hostem
             securitatem
             ,
             &
             tanquam
             pupilli●
             〈◊〉
             idoneum
             tutorem
             necessarium
             videns
             e●se
             terrorem
             .
             
               Mar.
               Hist.
               Hisp.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Nam
             pacem
             agentes
             ,
             tanquam
             ferrum
             ,
             splendorem
             amittunt
             .
             
               Arist.
               l.
               7.
               
               Polit.
               c.
            
             14.
             
          
           
             6
             Vetus
             〈◊〉
             jam
             pridem
             in●ita
             mortalibus
             potentiae
             cupido
             ,
             cum
             〈◊〉
             per●i
             magnitudine
             adolevit
             ,
             erupitque
             .
             Nam
             rebus
             modicis
             ,
             aequalitas
             fa●●●
             habeb●tur
             ,
             sed
             ubi
             subacto
             orbe
             ,
             &
             aemulis
             Vrbibus
             Regibusque
             excisi●
             s●
             cu●as
             opes
             concupiscere
             vacuum
             fuit
             ,
             prima
             inter
             Patres
             Plebemque
             〈◊〉
             mina
             exarsere
             .
             
               Arist.
               l.
               7.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             14.
             
          
           
             7
             Decessu
             Romanorum
             ,
             〈◊〉
             vacui
             externo
             metu
             gentis
             assuetudine
             ,
             &
             tum
             aemulatione
             gloriae
             arma
             in
             se
             verterant
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               2.
               Hist
            
          
           
             8
             Pacem
             sine
             dubio
             post
             haec
             verum
             cruent●●
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Cherusci
             nimiam
             ac
             marcentem
             diu
             pacem
             illacessui
             nutrierunt
             ,
             idque
             ju●undius
             quam
             tutius
             fuit
             .
             
               Tac.
               de
               Mor.
               Roman
            
             .
          
           
             1
             Multa
             quae
             natura
             impedita
             erant
             ,
             c●nsi●io
             expediebat
             .
             
               Livy
               ,
               Dec.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             2
             Wisd.
             6.
             1.
             
          
           
             3
             Eccl.
             9
             18.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             of
             Spain
             ,
             now
             call'd
             Morvedre
             .
          
           
             †
             Eurip.
             
          
           
             4
             Se
             novies
             à
             Divo
             Augusto
             in
             Germaniam
             missum
             ,
             plu●a
             consilio
             ,
             qu●●
             vi
             perfe●isse
             .
             
               Tacit.
               l.
               6.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Consiliis
             &
             astu
             ,
             exter●as
             res
             ●●liend●s
             ,
             arma
             procul
             habenda
             .
          
           
             6
             Non
             omnia
             viribus
             superantur
             ,
             non
             velacitate
             ,
             non
             celeritate
             ,
             sed
             corilio
             &
             sententia
             .
             
               C●cero
               .
               Mar.
               Hist.
               Hisp.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Pleraque
             in
             summa
             fortuna
             auspiciis
             &
             consiliis
             ,
             magis
             quam
             ●elis
             &
             ●●nibus
             geri
             solent
             .
             
               Tac.
               13
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Neutralitas
             nec
             amicos
             pa●it
             ,
             nec
             inimicos
             tollit
             .
             Polyb.
             
          
           
             2
             Romanos
             〈◊〉
             socios
             habere
             oportuit
             ,
             aut
             hostes
             ,
             media
             via
             null●
             est
             .
             Aristodem
             .
          
           
             3
             Periculosa
             severitas
             ,
             flagitiosa
             l●rgitio
             :
             seu
             nihil
             militi
             ,
             seu
             omnia
             concedereniur
             in
             ancipiti
             Republica
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Satis
             superque
             missione
             ,
             &
             pecunia
             &
             mollibus
             consul●is
             peccatum
             .
             
               Id.
               Ibid.
            
             
          
           
             5
             Al●i
             fortioribus
             remediis
             agendum
             ,
             nihil
             in
             vulgo
             modicum
             :
             terrere
             ni
             paveam
             ,
             ubi
             pertimuerint
             ,
             impunè
             contemni
             .
             
               Tac.
               1.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Mox
             utrumque
             consilium
             aspernatur
             ,
             quod
             inter
             ancipitia
             deterrimum
             est
             ,
             dum
             media
             se
             quitur
             ,
             nec
             ausus
             est
             satis
             ,
             nec
             providit
             .
             
               Id.
               l.
               3.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Neque
             enim
             hic
             ,
             aut
             in
             caeteris
             gentibus
             ,
             quae
             regnantur
             ,
             certa
             Dominorum
             Domus
             ,
             &
             caeteri
             servi
             :
             sed
             im●eraturus
             es
             hominibus
             ,
             qui
             ne●●otam
             servitutem
             pati
             possunt
             ,
             nec
             totam
             libertatem
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Maluit
             videri
             invenisse
             bonos
             quam
             fecisse
             .
             
               Tacit.
               in
               Vit.
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             9
             Laudamus
             veteres
             ,
             praesentes
             carpimus
             annos
             .
          
           
             10
             Nocuit
             antiqu●s
             rigor
             ,
             &
             nimia
             severitas
             ,
             cui
             pares
             non
             sumus
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Eccles.
             1.
             4.
             
          
           
             2
             This
             Opinion
             was
             embraced
             and
             maint●i●ed
             by
             
               Copernicus
               ,
               Rheticus
               ,
               Rothmannus
               ,
               Kepler
               ,
               Galilaeus
               ,
               Des
               Cartes
               ,
            
             and
             Gassendus
             ,
             by
             whom
             all
             Arguments
             to
             the
             contrary
             are
             fully
             answer'd
             .
          
           
             3
             Velocissimi
             sideris
             more
             ,
             omnia
             invisere
             ,
             omnia
             au●ire
             .
             
               Plin.
               Jun.
            
             
          
           
             4
             Psal.
             19
             4.
             
          
           
             5
             Rise
             ,
             take
             up
             thy
             bed
             and
             walk
             .
             Iohn
             5.
             8.
             
          
           
             6
             For
             an
             Angel
             went
             down
             at
             a
             certain
             season
             ,
             and
             troubled
             the
             water
             .
             Ibid.
             4.
             
          
           
             7
             Give
             ear
             ,
             you
             that
             rule
             the
             people
             ,
             
               &c.
               Wisd.
            
             6.
             2.
             ibid.
             ver
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             8
             And
             the
             spirit
             of
             the
             Lord
             shall
             rest
             upon
             him
             ,
             the
             spirit
             of
             wisdom
             and
             understanding
             ,
             the
             spirit
             of
             counsel
             and
             might
             ,
             the
             spirit
             of
             knowledge
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             fear
             of
             the
             Lord.
             Isai.
             11.
             2.
             
          
           
             9
             And
             I
             will
             set
             up
             shepherds
             over
             them
             ,
             which
             shall
             feed
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             shall
             fear
             no
             more
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Jer.
            
             23.
             4.
             
          
           
             10
             And
             thou
             ●●alt
             anoint
             him
             to
             be
             a
             Captain
             over
             my
             people
             I●rael
             .
             1
             Sam.
             9.
             16.
             
          
           
             11
             Rex
             enim
             Dux
             erat
             in
             Bello
             .
             
               Arist.
               l.
               3.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             12
             Nay
             ,
             but
             we
             will
             have
             a
             King
             over
             us
             ;
             That
             we
             also
             may
             be
             like
             all
             the
             ●●tions
             ,
             and
             that
             our
             King
             may
             judge
             us
             ,
             and
             go
             out
             before
             us
             ,
             and
             ●●ght
             our
             battels
             ,
             1
             Sam.
             8.
             19
             ,
             20.
             
          
           
             13
             Mevero
             ,
             inquit
             ,
             praesentem
             ,
             〈◊〉
             multis
             navibus
             comparas
             .
             
               Plut.
               in
               Ep●ph
            
             .
          
           
             14
             Ego
             qui
             nihil
             〈◊〉
             unquam
             praecepi
             ,
             quin
             primus
             me
             periculis
             obtulerim
             ,
             qui
             saepe
             cive●
             〈◊〉
             cl●peo
             texi
             .
             
               Curt.
               l
            
             8.
             
          
           
             15
             Nemo
             vestrum
             est
             ,
             cujus
             non
             idem
             ego
             spectator
             &
             testis
             ,
             notata
             temporibus
             locisque
             referre
             possim
             decora
             .
             
               Liv.
               Dec.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             Tass.
             Cant.
             20.
             
          
           
             16
             In
             cujus
             manu
             tot
             legiones
             ,
             immensa
             sociorum
             auxilia
             ,
             mirus
             apud
             populum
             favor
             ,
             habere
             imperium
             quàm
             expectare
             mallet
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               4.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             17
             Divus
             Iulius
             seditionem
             exercitus
             verbo
             uno
             compescuit
             .
             Quirites
             ●●cando
             ,
             qui
             sacramentum
             ejus
             detrectabant
             .
             Divus
             Augustus
             vultu
             &
             aspect●
             Actiacas
             legiones
             exterruit
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               1.
               
               Hist.
            
             
          
           
             18
             Neque
             decorum
             pri●cipibus
             ,
             si
             una
             ●lterave
             civitas
             ,
             omissa
             urbe
             ,
             unde
             in
             om●ia
             regimen
             .
             
               Tac.
               l.
               3.
               
               Annal.
            
             
          
           
             19
             2
             S●m
             .
             18.
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           
             *
             Claud.
             
          
           
             20
             Ne
             nova
             molire●ur
             ,
             nisi
             ●ioribus
             firmatis
             .
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             †
             Claud.
             
          
           
             21
             Ipse
             Lugduni
             vim
             fortunamque
             Principatus
             è
             proximo
             ostenta●●●
             ,
             nec
             parvis
             periculis
             mixtus
             ,
             &
             majoribus
             non
             defuturus
             .
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             22
             Postquam
             pugnari
             placitum
             ,
             interesse
             pugnae
             Imperatorem
             ,
             an
             se●●●
             melius
             foret
             ,
             dubitavere
             .
             Paulino
             &
             Celso
             non
             adversantibus
             ,
             ne
             Pr●●cipem
             objectare
             periculis
             viderentur
             ;
             iidem
             illi
             deterioris
             consilii
             perpul●●●
             ,
             ut
             Brixellum
             conderet
             ,
             ac
             dubiis
             praeliorum
             exemptus
             ,
             summae
             rerum
             &
             ●●perii
             seipsum
             reservaret
             .
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             Lucan
             .
          
           
             1
             Nullum
             nunc
             in
             is●a
             occaaione
             deliberandi
             tempus
             est
             ,
             aliquid
             〈◊〉
             permittendum
             .
             
               Mar.
               Hist.
               Hisp.
               l.
               12.
               c.
            
             19.
             
          
           
             2
             Fortuna
             in
             sapient●●●
             cessit
             .
             
               Tac
               ▪
               de
               Mor.
               Germ.
            
             
          
           
             3
             When
             he
             lift
             up
             his
             hand
             with
             the
             stone
             in
             his
             sling
             ,
             and
             beat
             down
             the
             boasting
             Goliah
             Eccles.
             47.
             4.
             
          
           
             4
             Pleraque
             in
             summa
             ●●●una
             ,
             auspiciis
             &
             consiliis
             potius
             quam
             telis
             ac
             manibus
             geruntur
             .
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             5
             Affuit
             ut
             saepe
             aliàs
             fortuna
             populi
             Romani
             〈◊〉
             Oriente
             .
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             6
             Struebat
             jam
             fortuna
             ,
             in
             diversa
             parte
             terrarum
             ,
             initia
             causasque
             imperio
             .
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             7
             Numerabatur
             inter
             osfenta
             ,
             diminutu
             :
             omnium
             magistratuum
             numerus
             ,
             Quaestors
             ,
             Aedile
             ,
             Tribu●o
             ,
             ac
             Praetore
             &
             Consule
             ,
             paucos
             intra
             menses
             defunctis
             .
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             12
             ,
          
           
             8
             Etiam
             merito
             accidisse
             videtur
             ,
             &
             casus
             in
             culpam
             transit
             .
             Velleius
             .
          
           
             9
             Cuj●scunque
             fortunam
             mutare
             constituit
             ,
             consilia
             corrumpit
             .
             Velleius
             .
          
           
             10
             For
             the
             Lord
             hath
             poured
             forth
             upon
             you
             the
             spirit
             of
             deep
             sleep
             ,
             and
             hath
             closed
             your
             eyes
             ;
             the
             prophets
             ,
             and
             the
             rulers
             ,
             and
             the
             seers
             hath
             he
             covered
             .
             Isai
             29.
             10.
             
          
           
             1
             Fluminum
             instabili●
             natura
             ,
             simul
             ostendere●
             omnia
             〈◊〉
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             2
             Eccles.
             4.
             32.
             
          
           
             3
             Nihil
             rerum
             mortalium
             tam
             instabile
             ac
             fluxum
             ,
             quam
             fama
             potentiae
             non
             suî
             vi
             nixae
             .
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             13.
             
          
           
             4
             Multa
             bella
             impetu
             valida
             per
             t●edia
             &
             moras
             evanuisse
             .
             Tac.
             
          
           
             5
             Opportunos
             magnis
             conatibus
             transitus
             rerum
             .
             
               Tacit.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             6
             Optimum
             est
             pati
             quod
             emenda●re
             non
             possis
             ,
             &
             Deum
             ,
             quo
             Authore
             ●uncta
             eveniunt
             ,
             sine
             murmure
             ●omitari
             .
             
               Sen.
               Ep.
            
             
          
           
             7
             Dan.
             3.
             1.
             
          
           
             8
             Eccles.
             10.
             5.
             
          
           
             9
             Rom.
             9.
             21.
             
          
           
             10
             Valentior
             enim
             omni
             fortuna
             animus
             est
             ,
             in
             utramque
             partem
             res
             suas
             ducit
             .
             
               Sen.
               Epist.
            
             98.
             
          
           
             11
             Non
             enim
             votis
             ,
             neque
             supplici●●
             muliebribus
             auxilia
             Deorum
             parantur
             ;
             vigilando
             ,
             agendo
             ,
             prosperè
             omni●
             cedunt
             .
             Sallust
             .
          
           
             1
             A
             three-fold
             cord
             is
             not
             quickly
             broken
             .
          
           
             2
             Wisdom
             18.
             9.
             
          
           
             *
             Virg
             
          
           
             3
             He
             maketh
             peace
             in
             high-places
             .
          
           
             4
             Nostris
             illi
             dissentionibus
             ,
             &
             discordiis
             clari
             ,
             vitia
             ●ostium
             in
             gloria●
             exercitus
             sui
             vertunt
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Ag●ic
            
             .
          
           
             5
             Conversis
             ad
             civile
             bellum
             animis
             ,
             externa
             sine
             cura
             ●abentur
             .
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             6
             And
             a
             seventh
             doth
             my
             heart
             abhorr
             ,
             he
             that
             soweth
             discord
             among
             brethren
             .
             Prov.
             6.
             14.
             
          
           
             7
             Concordi●
             malorum
             contraria
             est
             bonorum
             ,
             &
             sicut
             optandum
             est
             ,
             ut
             boni
             pacem
             habeant
             ad
             invicem
             ,
             ita
             optandum
             est
             ,
             ut
             mali
             sint
             discordes
             ,
             Impeditur
             enim
             iter
             bono
             um
             ,
             si
             unitas
             non
             dividatur
             malorum
             .
             
               S.
               Isid.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Procul
             ab
             aemulatione
             adversus
             collegas
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Thou
             didst
             cleave
             the
             earth
             with
             rivers
             .
             Haba●
             .
             3.
             9.
             
          
           
             2
             The
             Lord
             hath
             broken
             forth
             upon
             mine
             enemies
             before
             me
             ,
             as
             the
             breach
             of
             waters
             .
             2
             Sam.
             5.
             20.
             
          
           
             3
             Siamnis
             Nar
             (
             id
             enim
             parabatur
             )
             in
             Rivos
             diductus
             supernavigasset
             .
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             4
             Quin
             ipsum
             Tiberim
             no●●e
             ,
             prorsus
             accolis
             fluv●s
             ●●batum
             ,
             minori
             gloria
             fluere
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             5
             Prudentis
             est
             Ducis
             inter
             bostes
             discordi●e
             causas
             serere
             .
             Veget.
             
          
           
             6
             Discordia
             &
             Seditio
             omnia
             facit
             opportuniora
             insidiantibus
             .
             Livy
             .
          
           
             7
             Vrgentibus
             Imperii
             Romani
             fatis
             ,
             nihil
             jam
             praes●are
             fortuna
             majus
             ●●tuit
             ,
             quam
             hostium
             discordiam
             .
             
               Tac.
               de
               Mor.
               Germ.
            
             
          
           
             8
             Non
             fraude
             neque
             occultis
             ,
             sed
             palam
             ,
             &
             armatum
             populum
             Romanum
             bostes
             suos
             ulcisci
             .
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             9
             Olim
             Regibus
             parebant
             ,
             nunc
             per
             Principes
             factionibus
             ,
             &
             studiis
             trabantur
             ;
             nec
             aliud
             adversus
             validiss●mas
             gentes
             pro
             nobis
             ●●ilius
             ,
             quam
             quod
             in
             commune
             non
             consulunt
             .
             Rarus
             duabus
             ,
             tribusve
             civitatibus
             ,
             ad
             propulsandum
             commune
             periculu●
             conventus
             :
             ita
             dum
             singuli
             pu●nant
             ,
             universi
             vincuntur
             .
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vi●
               .
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Cam.
             Lus.
             
          
           
             1
             Videtur
             amicitia
             magis
             continere
             ,
             &
             majore
             quam
             justitia
             in
             studio
             fuisse
             Legislatoribus
             .
             Nam
             si
             amicitia
             inter
             omnes
             esset
             ,
             ni●il
             esset
             ,
             quod
             justitiam
             desiderarent
             ;
             at
             si
             justi
             essent
             ,
             tamen
             amicitiae
             praesidium
             requirerent
             .
             
               Arist.
               Ethic.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             2
             L.
             19.
             
             Tit.
             2.
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             3
             And
             Saul
             went
             home
             ;
             but
             David
             and
             his
             men
             gat
             them
             up
             unto
             the
             hold
             .
             1
             Sam.
             24.
             22.
             
          
           
             *
             Gen.
             33.
             12.
             
          
           
             4
             Never
             trust
             thine
             enemy
             ;
             for
             like
             as
             iron
             rusteth
             ,
             so
             is
             his
             wickedness
             :
             though
             he
             humble
             himself
             ,
             and
             go
             crouching
             ,
             yet
             take
             good
             heed
             ,
             and
             beware
             of
             him
             ,
             Eccl.
             12.
             10.
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             5
             Proprium
             humani
             ingenii
             est
             ,
             odisse
             quem
             laeser
             is
             .
             
               Tac.
               Vit.
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Non
             exercitus
             neque
             thesauri
             ,
             praesidia
             Regni
             sunt
             ,
             verum
             amici
             ,
             Sallust
             .
          
           
             7
             Non
             aureum
             istud
             sceptrum
             est
             ,
             quod
             Regem
             custodit
             ,
             sed
             copia
             amicorum
             ,
             ea
             Regibus
             sceptrum
             tutissimum
             ,
             Xenoph.
             
          
           
             8
             Nec
             ●llum
             majus
             boni
             Imperii
             instrumen●um
             quam
             boni
             Amici
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             9
             Dum
             amicitias
             magnitudine
             munerum
             ,
             non
             constantia
             morum
             continere
             putavit
             ,
             meruit
             ,
             magis
             quam
             habuit
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             10
             Ne
             tanta
             stipendia
             classi
             Lacedaemoniorum
             praeberet
             ,
             sed
             nec
             auxiliis
             nimis
             enixe
             ju●andos
             ,
             quippe
             non
             immemorem
             esse
             debere
             ,
             alienam
             esse
             victoriam
             non
             suam
             instruere
             ,
             &
             eatenus
             bellum
             sustinendum
             ,
             ne
             inopia
             deseratur
             ,
             
               Trog
               .
               l.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             11
             Fuit
             proprium
             populi
             Romani
             longè
             à
             domo
             bellare
             ,
             &
             pro●ugnaculi●
             ,
             Imperii
             sociorum
             fortunas
             ,
             non
             sua
             tecta
             defendere
             ,
             
               Cic.
               pro
               leg
               .
               Man.
            
             
          
           
             1
             Plin.
             l.
             10.
             c.
             3.
             
             Ael
             .
             l.
             9.
             c.
             11.
             de
             Animal
             .
          
           
             2
             If
             an
             oxe
             gore
             a
             man
             or
             a
             woman
             ,
             and
             they
             die
             ,
             the
             oxe
             shall
             be
             s●rely
             stoned
             ,
             Exod.
             21.
             28.
             
          
           
             3
             And
             there
             was
             also
             another
             Eagle
             ,
             with
             great
             wings
             ,
             and
             many
             feathers
             ,
             
               &c.
               Ezek.
            
             17.
             7.
             
          
           
             4
             Philippus
             Rex
             Ma●edonum
             libertati
             ●●●ium
             insidiatus
             ,
             dum
             contentiones
             civitatum
             alit
             ,
             auxilium
             inserioribus
             ferendo
             ,
             victos
             pariter
             ,
             victoresque
             subire
             regiam
             s●rvitutem
             coëgit
             .
             Justin.
             
          
           
             5
             Thou
             art
             the
             anointed
             Cherub
             that
             governeth
             ,
             Ezek.
             28.
             14.
             
          
           
             1
             For
             earthly
             things
             were
             turned
             into
             watry
             ;
             and
             the
             things
             that
             before
             swam
             in
             the
             water
             ,
             now
             went
             upon
             the
             ground
             ,
             Wisd.
             19.
             9.
             
          
           
             2
             Mar.
             Hist.
             l.
             12.
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             3
             And
             their
             word
             will
             eat
             as
             doth
             a
             canker
             ,
             2
             Tim.
             2.
             17.
             
          
           
             4
             In
             the
             six
             and
             thirtieth
             year
             of
             the
             reign
             of
             Asa
             ,
             Baasha
             king
             of
             Israel
             came
             up
             against
             Judah
             ,
             and
             built
             Ramah
             ,
             to
             the
             intent
             that
             he
             might
             let
             none
             go
             out
             or
             come
             in
             to
             Asa
             king
             of
             Judah
             ,
             2
             Chron.
             16.
             1.
             
          
           
             5
             And
             it
             came
             to
             pass
             ,
             when
             Baasha
             heard
             it
             ,
             that
             he
             left
             off
             building
             of
             Ramah
             ,
             and
             let
             his
             work
             cease
             ,
             2
             Chron.
             16.
             5.
             
          
           
             6
             Because
             thou
             hast
             relied
             on
             the
             king
             of
             Syria
             ,
             and
             not
             relied
             on
             the
             Lord
             thy
             God
             ,
             therefore
             is
             the
             host
             of
             the
             king
             of
             Syria
             escaped
             out
             of
             thine
             hand
             ,
             &c.
             
             Herein
             thou
             hast
             done
             foolishly
             ;
             therefore
             from
             henceforth
             thou
             shal●
             have
             wars
             ,
             2
             Chron.
             16.
             7
             ,
             9.
             
          
           
             7
             O
             king
             ,
             l●t
             not
             the
             army
             of
             Israel
             go
             with
             thee
             :
             for
             the
             Lord
             is
             not
             with
             Israel
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             children
             of
             Ephraim
             .
             But
             if
             thou
             wilt
             go
             ,
             do
             it
             ,
             be
             strong
             for
             the
             battel
             :
             God
             shall
             make
             thee
             fall
             before
             the
             enemy
             :
             for
             God
             hath
             power
             to
             help
             ,
             and
             to
             cast
             down
             ,
             2
             Chron.
             25.
             7
             ,
             8.
             
          
           
             8
             We
             s●e
             certainly
             that
             the
             Lord
             is
             with
             thee
             :
             and
             we
             said
             ,
             Let
             there
             be
             now
             an
             oat●
             betwixt
             us
             ,
             even
             betwixt
             us
             and
             thee
             ,
             and
             let
             us
             make
             a
             covenant
             with
             thee
             ,
             That
             thou
             shalt
             do
             us
             no
             hurt
             ,
             Gen
             26.
             28
             ,
             29.
             
          
           
             9
             We
             have
             sworn
             unto
             them
             by
             the
             Lord
             God
             of
             Israel
             :
             now
             therefore
             we
             may
             not
             touch
             them
             ,
             I●sh
             .
             9.
             19.
             
          
           
             10
             So
             the
             sun
             stood
             still
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             heaven
             ,
             and
             hasted
             not
             to
             go
             down
             about
             a
             w●ole
             day
             .
             And
             there
             was
             no
             day
             like
             that
             ,
             before
             it
             ,
             or
             after
             it
             ,
             that
             the
             Lord
             hearkened
             unto
             the
             voice
             of
             man
             :
             for
             the
             Lord
             sought
             for
             I●rael
             ,
             Iosh.
             10.
             13
             ,
             14.
             
          
           
             11
             Then
             there
             was
             a
             famine
             in
             the
             days
             of
             David
             ,
             three
             years
             ,
             year
             af●er
             year
             ;
             and
             David
             enquired
             of
             the
             Lord.
             And
             the
             Lord
             answered
             ,
             It
             is
             for
             Saul
             ,
             and
             for
             his
             bloody
             house
             ,
             because
             he
             slew
             the
             Gi●eonites
             ,
             2
             Sam.
             21.
             1.
             
          
           
             1
             Then
             thou
             shalt
             see
             and
             flow
             together
             ,
             and
             thine
             heart
             shall
             fear
             ,
             and
             be
             enlarged
             ,
             because
             the
             abundance
             of
             the
             sea
             shall
             be
             converted
             unto
             thee
             ,
             the
             forces
             of
             the
             Gentiles
             shall
             come
             unto
             thee
             ,
             Isai.
             6●
             .
             5.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Italian
             is
             ●ere
             guilty
             of
             par●ial
             Omissions
             and
             Additions
             .
          
           
             2
             Summum
             Pontificem
             etiam
             summum
             h●minem
             esse
             ,
             non
             amulationi●
             〈◊〉
             odio
             aut
             privatis
             affectio●i●us
             〈◊〉
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               li●
            
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             3
             For
             in
             the
             long
             garment
             was
             the
             whole
             world
             ,
             Wisd.
             18.
             
             2●
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             whole
             Page
             is
             here
             omitted
             in
             the
             French.
             
          
           
             4
             Zurit
             .
             Hist.
             Arragon
             .
             l.
             13.
             c.
             13.
             
          
           
             5
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             6
             Zurit
             .
             Ann.
             de
             Arrag
             .
          
           
             7
             Euseb.
             in
             Vit.
             Const.
             
          
           
             8
             〈…〉
             Reg.
             Goth.
             
          
           
             9
             Honor
             〈…〉
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
            
             l.
             5.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Page
             and
             an
             half
             is
             here
             omitted
             in
             the
             Italian
             .
          
           
             10
             Zur
             .
             Hist.
             Arrag
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             l.
             24.
             c.
             16.
             
          
           
             11
             Anton.
             ●eb
             .
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Proem
             .
             p.
             2.
             
          
           
             1
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             l.
             11.
             c.
             16.
             
          
           
             2
             Mirari
             〈◊〉
             subit
             impervestigabile●
             Dei
             sapientiam
             ,
             qui
             plane
             ●●●traria
             uno
             fine
             conclusit
             .
             Nam
             cum
             du●●
             ad●ersarias
             potestates
             inter
             se
             co●mittere
             statuit
             ,
             nee
             alteram
             alteri
             subjicere
             ,
             aut
             ingenio
             &
             virtute
             〈◊〉
             utrinque
             parti
             moderatores
             praeficit
             ,
             ut
             alter
             alterius
             consilia
             &
             〈◊〉
             vertas
             ,
             &
             utrinque
             subditorum
             libertati
             consulatur
             ,
             aut
             utrosque
             ●ebetes
             &
             imbelles
             deligit
             ,
             ut
             neuter
             alterum
             tentare
             ,
             &
             s●pta
             (
             quod
             aiunt
             )
             〈◊〉
             aude●●
             ,
             veteresque
             regnorum
             limites
             convellere
             .
             Niceph.
             
          
           
             *
             Here
             is
             a
             Page
             and
             an
             half
             omitted
             in
             the
             French.
             
          
           
             3
             Quoties
             concordes
             agunt
             ,
             spe●nitur
             Parth●●
             ;
             ubi
             dissensere
             ,
             dum
             sibi
             quisque
             contra
             aemulos
             subsidium
             vocant
             ,
             accitus
             in
             partem
             adversu●
             omnes
             valescit
             .
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             4
             Quippe
             sine
             dignitate
             praemium
             victoris
             eritis
             .
             
               Liv.
               l.
            
             35.
             
          
           
             5
             Neutralitas
             neque
             a●icos
             parit
             ,
             ●eque
             inimicos
             tollit
             .
             Polyh
             .
          
           
             6
             Phil.
             de
             Comin
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             whole
             Paragraph
             is
             omitted
             in
             the
             French.
             
          
           
             *
             Horat.
             
          
           
             1
             Laetiore
             Tiberio
             ,
             qui●
             pacem
             sapienti●
             firmaverat
             ,
             quim
             si
             bellu●
             〈◊〉
             a●ies
             consecisses
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             2
             Ingens
             victoria
             dec●●
             〈◊〉
             a
             Romanum
             sanguinem
             bellants
             ,
             
               Id.
               in
               Vit.
               Ag●ic
            
             .
          
           
             3
             Dare
             in
             discrimen
             legiones
             haud
             imperatorium
             ratus
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               lib.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             4
             Bellorum
             egregios
             ●ines
             ,
             quoties
             ignoscendo
             transigatur
             ,
             
               Ta●
               Annal.
               l.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             5
             Quanta
             pervicacia
             in
             hostem
             tanta
             beneficentia
             〈◊〉
             versus
             supplices
             utendum
             ,
             
               Id
               ▪
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             6
             Vbi
             solitudinem
             fa●●●
             pacem
             appellant
             ,
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             7
             When
             thou
             shalt
             besi●●●
             a
             city
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             in
             making
             war
             against
             it
             to
             take
             it
             ,
             thou
             shalt
             〈◊〉
             destroy
             the
             trees
             thereof
             ,
             by
             forcing
             an
             are
             against
             them
             :
             for
             〈◊〉
             mayest
             eat
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             thou
             shalt
             not
             cut
             them
             down
             (
             for
             the
             〈◊〉
             of
             the
             field
             is
             man's
             life
             )
             to
             employ
             them
             in
             the
             siege
             ,
             Deut.
             20.
             19.
             
          
           
             8
             And
             do
             ye
             abide
             without
             the
             camp
             seven
             days
             :
             whosoever
             ●●th
             killed
             any
             person
             ,
             and
             whosoever
             hath
             touched
             any
             slain
             ,
             purifie
             ●●●h
             your selves
             and
             your
             captives
             ,
             on
             the
             third
             day
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             ●●●●th
             day
             ,
             Numb
             .
             31.
             19.
             
          
           
             *
             Virgil.
             
          
           
             9
             And
             there
             shalt
             〈◊〉
             build
             an
             altar
             unto
             the
             Lord
             thy
             God
             ,
             an
             altar
             of
             stone
             :
             thou
             ●●it
             not
             lift
             up
             any
             iron
             tool
             upon
             them
             ,
             Deut.
             27.
             5.
             
          
           
             10
             Then
             ●●ua
             built
             an
             altar
             ,
             &c.
             an
             altar
             of
             whole
             stones
             ,
             over
             which
             no
             〈◊〉
             had
             lift
             up
             an
             iron
             ,
             Iosh.
             8.
             30.
             31.
             
          
           
             11
             If
             thou
             wilt
             make
             ●an
             altar
             of
             stone
             ,
             thou
             shalt
             not
             build
             it
             of
             hewn
             stone
             :
             for
             if
             thou
             〈◊〉
             up
             the
             tool
             upon
             it
             ,
             thou
             hast
             polluted
             it
             ,
             Exod.
             2●
             .
             25.
             
          
           
             12
             For
             〈◊〉
             drew
             not
             his
             hand
             back
             wherewith
             he
             stret●●●●
             out
             the
             spear
             ,
             until
             he
             had
             utterly
             destroyed
             all
             the
             inhabitan●
             
               A●
               ,
               Josh.
            
             8.
             26.
             
          
           
             13
             Shall
             the
             sword
             devour
             for
             ever
             ?
             knowest
             thou
             not
             that
             it
             〈◊〉
             be
             bitterness
             in
             the
             latter
             end
             ?
             2
             Sam.
             2.
             26.
             
          
           
             14
             His
             eyes
             〈◊〉
             as
             the
             eyes
             of
             doves
             by
             the
             rivers
             of
             waters
             ,
             Cant.
             5.
             12.
             
          
           
             15
             Aliquando
             etiam
             victis
             ira
             virtusque
             ,
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agric.
            
             
          
           
             16
             Acriore
             hodiè
             disciplinî
             victi
             quam
             victores
             agunt
             :
             h●s
             ira
             ,
             odium
             ,
             〈◊〉
             cupiditas
             ad
             virtutem
             acc●ndit
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             17
             Qui
             cupidine
             praedae
             graves
             onere
             sarcinarum
             velut
             vi●cti
             
          
           
             18
             But
             ●tand
             ye
             now
             fast
             against
             your
             enemies
             ,
             and
             overcome
             them
             ;
             then
             may
             ye
             safely
             take
             the
             spoils
             ,
             1
             Maccab.
             4.
             18.
             
          
           
             19
             Cuncta
             mortal
             um
             incerta
             ,
             quan●●●●
             plus
             ad●ptus
             forat
             ,
             tanto
             se
             magis
             in
             lubrico
             dictans
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
               ●
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Cassiod
             .
          
           
             20
             Come
             near
             ,
             put
             your
             feet
             upon
             the
             necks
             of
             these
             kings
             ,
             ●osh
             .
             10.
             24.
             
          
           
             21
             Fear
             not
             ,
             nor
             be
             dismayed
             ;
             be
             strong
             ,
             and
             ●f
             good
             courage
             :
             for
             thus
             shall
             the
             Lord
             do
             to
             all
             your
             enemies
             against
             whom
             ye
             fight
             ,
             Iosh.
             10.
             25.
             
          
           
             *
             Claud.
             
          
           
             †
             Virg.
             
          
           
             22
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             1
             Vt
             praeda
             ad
             virtutem
             incenderentur
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             2
             And
             ●avid
             ca●e
             to
             Baal-perazim
             ,
             and
             David
             smote
             them
             there
             ,
             2
             Sam.
             ●
             .
             20.
             
          
           
             3
             Therefore
             Jehoash
             king
             of
             Israel
             went
             up
             ,
             and
             he
             and
             Amaziah
             king
             of
             Judah
             lo●ked
             one
             another
             in
             the
             face
             at
             Bethshemeth
             ,
             ●●ich
             belongeth
             to
             Judah
             :
             And
             Judah
             was
             put
             to
             the
             worst
             before
             Israel
             ,
             2
             King.
             14.
             11
             ,
             12.
             
          
           
             4
             〈…〉
             cum
             spoli●●i
             exutique
             〈…〉
             fore
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             5
             Saul
             came
             to
             Ca●mel
             ,
             and
             behold
             ,
             ●e
             set
             him
             up
             a
             place
             ,
             1
             Sam.
             ●5
             .
             12.
             
          
           
             6
             And
             set
             up
             〈◊〉
             pillars
             upon
             it
             ,
             one
             against
             another
             ,
             for
             〈◊〉
             father
             ,
             his
             〈…〉
             :
             And
             he
             set
             great
             pillars
             round
             ●●out
             them
             ,
             and
             set
             arms
             upon
             the
             pillars
             ,
             for
             a
             perpetual
             memory
             ,
             〈◊〉
             carved
             ships
             beside
             the
             arms
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             be
             seen
             of
             men
             ●●●lling
             in
             the
             sea
             .
             This
             sepulchre
             ,
             which
             he
             made
             at
             Modin
             ,
             standeth
             〈◊〉
             unto
             this
             day
             ,
             1
             Maccab.
             13.
             28
             ,
             29
             ,
             30.
             
          
           
             7
             〈…〉
             ,
             Arist.
             l.
             7.
             
             Po●
             .
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             8
             After
             ,
             when
             they
             〈…〉
             Jerusalem
             ,
             they
             worshipped
             the
             Lord
             ;
             and
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             〈◊〉
             were
             purified
             ,
             they
             offered
             their
             burnt●
             offerings
             ,
             and
             their
             〈◊〉
             -
             offerings
             ,
             and
             their
             gifts
             ,
             Iudith
             1●
             .
             18.
             
          
           
             9
             And
             thou
             shalt
             offer
             burnt-offerings
             thereon
             unto
             the
             Lord
             thy
             God
             ,
             and
             thou
             shalt
             offer
             peace-offerings
             ,
             〈◊〉
             27.
             6.
             
          
           
             *
             Virg.
             
          
           
             1
             Cum
             in
             victores
             victosque
             ,
             munquam
             solida
             fides
             convalesceret
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             2
             Bellum
             anceps
             ,
             an
             pax
             in●onesta
             placeret
             ,
             nec
             dubitatum
             de
             bello
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             15.
             
          
           
             3
             Si
             〈◊〉
             dederitis
             ,
             &
             fidam
             ,
             &
             perpetuam
             ;
             si
             〈…〉
             
               Tit.
               Liv.
               l.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             4
             Nec
             credideris
             ullu●
             〈…〉
             in
             ea
             conditione
             ,
             cujus
             cum
             paniteat
             ,
             diutius
             ,
             quam
             necesse
             sit
             ,
             mansurum
             ,
             
               Tit.
               Liv.
               l.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             *
             Tac.
             Annal.
             l.
             12.
             
          
           
             5
             In
             pace
             suspecta
             tutius
             bellum
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             6
             Saying
             ,
             Peace
             ,
             peace
             ,
             when
             there
             is
             no
             peace
             ,
             Ier.
             6.
             14.
             
          
           
             7
             And
             I
             will
             establish
             my
             covenant
             between
             me
             and
             thee
             ,
             and
             thy
             seed
             after
             thee
             ,
             in
             their
             generations
             ,
             for
             an
             everlasting
             covenant
             ;
             to
             be
             a
             God
             unto
             thee
             ,
             and
             to
             thy
             seed
             after
             thee
             ,
             Gen.
             17
             7.
             
          
           
             8
             The
             Lord
             God
             of
             Israel
             gave
             the
             kingdom
             over
             Israel
             to
             David
             for
             ever
             ,
             even
             to
             him
             and
             to
             his
             sons
             by
             a
             covenant
             of
             salt
             ,
             2
             Chron.
             13.
             5.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             ●ul
             .
             Indict
             .
             Conc.
             Trident.
             
          
           
             9
             Melior
             enim
             tutiorque
             est
             certa
             pax
             ,
             quam
             sperata
             victoria
             ;
             illa
             in
             tua●
             ,
             haec
             in
             Deorum
             manu
             est
             ,
             
               Liv.
               Dec.
               3.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             10
             Pac●m
             ,
             &
             concordiam
             victis
             uti●ia
             ,
             victorib●
             tantum
             pulc●ra
             esse
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             11
             Quia
             inter
             innocentes
             ,
             &
             validos
             ●also
             qu●escunt
             ,
             
               Tac.
               de
               Mor.
               ●●rm
            
             .
          
           
             12
             Vbi
             manu
             agitur
             ,
             modestia
             ,
             ac
             probitas
             ,
             nomina
             〈◊〉
             sunt
             ,
             
               Tac.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             1
             And
             behold
             ,
             there
             was
             a
             swarm
             of
             bees
             ,
             and
             honey
             in
             the
             carkass
             of
             the
             lion
             ,
             Iudg.
             14.
             8.
             
          
           
             2
             Lord
             ,
             thou
             wil●
             ordain
             Peace
             ●or
             us
             :
             for
             thou
             hast
             wrought
             all
             our
             works
             in
             us
             ▪
             Isai.
             26.
             12.
             
          
           
             3
             And
             my
             people
             shall
             dwell
             in
             a
             peaceable
             habitation
             ,
             and
             in
             sure
             dwellings
             ,
             and
             in
             quiet
             resting
             places
             ,
             
               Isai.
               32.
               18.
               
               Et
               sedebit
               pop●l●s
               〈◊〉
               in
               pulc●ritudine
               pacis
               ,
            
             Vulg.
             
          
           
             4
             Righteousness
             and
             Peace
             have
             kissed
             each
             other
             ,
             Psal.
             85.
             10.
             
          
           
             5
             Aequè
             apud
             bonos
             miserum
             est
             occidere
             ,
             quam
             perire
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             6
             Nam
             i●
             pace
             causas
             ,
             &
             merita
             spectari
             :
             ubi
             bellum
             ingrua●
             ,
             innocentes
             a
             noxios
             juxta
             ca●dere
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             7
             Sed
             longa
             pax
             ad
             〈◊〉
             servitium
             fregerat
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             8
             Ni●il
             aque
             Tiberium
             〈◊〉
             habebat
             ,
             quam
             ne
             composita
             turbarentur
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             9
             Quantâ
             pecuniâ
             dites
             ,
             &
             voluptatibus
             opulentos
             ,
             tanto
             magis
             imbelles
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             10
             Dissimulante
             Tiberio
             damna
             ,
             ne
             cui
             bellum
             permitteret
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             11
             Violentia
             nemo
             imperia
             continuit
             diu
             ,
             ●●derata
             durant
             ,
             Seneca
             .
          
           
             *
             Sil.
             Ital.
             
          
           
             *
             Propert.
             
          
           
             12
             Semina
             odiorum
             jacienda
             ,
             &
             omne
             scelus
             externum
             habendum
             cum
             laetitia
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             13
             Psal.
             34.
             14.
             
          
           
             14
             Psal.
             46.
             9.
             
          
           
             15
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             1
             〈…〉
             
               Ta●
               .
               Annal.
            
             l.
             5.
             
          
           
             2
             Cesserunt
             que
             prim●
             postremis
             ,
             &
             bo●a●
             juventae
             ,
             senectus
             flagitios●●●●teravit
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
            
             1.
             6.
             
          
           
             3
             S●●m
             ●uique
             decus
             posteritas
             rependit
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
            
             1.
             4.
             
          
           
             *
             Mar.
             Hist.
             Hisp.
             
          
           
             4
             Vt
             vultus
             ●ominun
             ,
             it
             a
             simulacr●
             v●ltus
             imbecilla
             a●
             mortal●a
             〈◊〉
             ;
             for●a
             mentis
             aeterna
             ,
             quam
             tene
             ▪
             e
             ,
             &
             exprimere
             non
             per
             alie●●●●●teriam
             ,
             &
             artem
             ,
             sed
             iuu
             ipse
             moribus
             possi●
             ,
             
               Tac.
               in
               Vit.
               Agri●
            
             .
          
           
             5
             〈◊〉
             tibi
             neque
             aureas
             ,
             nequ●
             argemeas
             .
             ●ieri
             ●●q●am
             〈◊〉
             ,
             〈◊〉
             a●tem
             ali●s
             tibi
             sta●●as
             in
             ipsi●
             hominu●
             animis
             nibil
             〈…〉
             effice
             ,
             
               Me●aen
               .
               ad
               August
            
             .
          
           
             6
             Hac
             mibi
             in
             ●nimis
             vestris
             templa
             ,
             bae
             pulcherrim●e
             effigies
             &
             ma●surae
             ,
             n●m
             que
             saxo
             〈◊〉
             ,
             si
             ●●dicium
             poster●●um
             in
             odium
             vert●t
             ,
             pro
             〈…〉
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             7
             Auxilio
             militari
             t●●ndu●
             ,
             〈◊〉
             sepultr●
             ejus
             〈…〉
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             memory
             of
             them
             is
             forgotten
             ,
             Eccle●
             .
             9.
             5.
             
          
           
             8
             ●●ter
             omnes
             eos
             n●n
             cons●at
             à
             quib●●
             factae
             s●●t
             ,
             justi●●i●●
             casu
             ●bliteratis
             t●●ta
             vanit●ti●
             au●●orib●s
             ,
             P●●n
             .
             36.
             12.
             
          
           
             9
             Ve●ustate
             imper●●
             c●alita
             ●udacia
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             14.
             
          
           
             10
             Ips●●
             sa●e
             se●em
             ,
             &
             prosperis
             ,
             adversisque
             satiatum
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             11
             Solusque
             ●●●ium
             ante
             se
             princip●●
             ,
             in
             meliu●
             mutatus
             est
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             12
             Multi
             odio
             praesentium
             cupidine
             mutationis
             ,
             suis
             quoque
             periculis
             l●tab●●tur
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             13
             Pars
             ●u●to
             maxima
             imminen●es
             d●●inos
             var●is
             〈◊〉
             differeb●nt
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             14
             Quippe
             ut
             ●●●pus
             ,
             sic
             e●iam
             mens
             su●●●abet
             senium
             ,
             
               Ari●t
               .
               l.
               2.
               
               Pol.
               c.
            
             7.
             
          
           
             15
             Reputante
             Tiber●o
             public●●
             sibi
             odi●●
             ,
             extre●●●
             aetatem
             ●●gisque
             fama
             ,
             q●a●
             v●
             stare
             res
             〈◊〉
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
            
             l.
             6.
             
          
           
             16
             Sane
             gravaretur
             aspectum
             civium
             senex
             imperator
             ,
             fessamque
             ●●atem
             ,
             &
             actos
             labores
             ,
             praetender●t
             :
             Druso
             quod
             nisi
             ex
             arrogant●a
             impedimentum
             ?
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             17
             Se
             tamen
             fortiora
             solatia
             è
             complexu
             Reip.
             petivisse
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             18
             Constat
             po●uisse
             con●iliari
             animos
             quantulacu●que
             parci
             senis
             liberalitate
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               lib.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             19
             Patres
             ,
             Eq●es
             .
             〈◊〉
             quis
             illustrior
             ,
             ●●nto
             magis
             falsi
             a●
             〈◊〉
             ,
             ●●ltuque
             composito
             ,
             ne
             laeti
             excessu
             P●incipis
             neu
             tristiores
             ,
             pri●ordio
             lachrymas
             ,
             gaudi●●
             ,
             quaestus
             ,
             adulationes
             misceb●nt
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               lib●
            
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             20
             Et
             audita
             adoptione
             defi●am
             videri
             senex
             ,
             q●iod
             nu●●
             〈…〉
             objicitur
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             21
             Y●a
             ,
             I
             hated
             all
             my
             labour
             which
             I
             had
             taken
             under
             the
             sun
             :
             because
             I
             should
             leave
             it
             unto
             the
             man
             that
             shall
             be
             after
             me
             ,
             Eccles.
             2.
             18.
             
          
           
             22
             Quo
             pluri●us
             munimentis
             insis●eret
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             23
             Non
             legiones
             ,
             non
             classer
             ,
             perinde
             firma
             imperii
             munimenta
             quàm
             numer●●
             liberorum
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             24
             Quorum
             prosperis
             &
             alii
             fruantur
             ,
             adversa
             ad
             justissimos
             perti●eant
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             25
             Nam
             a●icos
             tempore
             ,
             fortuna
             ,
             cupiainibus
             ,
             aliquando
             aut
             erroribus
             imminui
             ,
             transfer●i
             desinere
             :
             suum
             cuique
             sanguinem
             indis●retum
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               lib.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             26
             Vtrumque
             in
             laudem
             Drusi
             trabebatu●
             :
             ab
             eo
             in
             urbe
             inter
             coetus
             &
             sermones
             bominum
             obversante
             secreta
             patris
             mitigari
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l
            
             3.
             
          
           
             27
             He
             leaveth
             behind
             him
             an
             avenger
             against
             his
             enemies
             ,
             and
             one
             that
             should
             shew
             favour
             unto
             his
             friends
             ,
             Ecclus.
             30.
             6.
             
          
           
             28
             Suadere
             〈◊〉
             Prisco
             ,
             ne
             supra
             Principem
             scanderet
             ;
             ne
             Vespasianum
             senem
             triu●
             .
             ●ha●em
             ,
             juvenum
             liberorum
             Patrem
             prae●eptis
             ●oër●eret
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             29
             Intempera●tia
             civitatis
             donec
             ●us
             eligatur
             ●ultos
             desti●andi
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             30
             Ex
             ●rbore
             〈…〉
             ,
             &
             trunco
             novam
             producit
             qu●●
             anteq●am
             antiqua
             decidat
             ,
             jam
             radices
             &
             vires
             accepit
             ,
             
               Tol.
               de
               Rep.
               l.
               7.
               c.
               4.
               
               ●
               .
            
             1.
             
          
           
             31
             Let
             the
             Lord
             ,
             the
             God
             of
             the
             spirits
             of
             all
             flesh
             ,
             set
             a
             man
             over
             the
             congregation
             ,
             Numb
             .
             27.
             16.
             
          
           
             32
             Sed
             Augustus
             in
             d●mo
             successorem
             quaes●vit
             ;
             ego
             in
             Republica
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             33
             Nunc
             ●o
             ●ecessitatis
             jampridem
             ventum
             est
             ,
             ut
             nec
             mea
             senectus
             conferre
             plus
             populo
             Romano
             possit
             qu●m
             bonum
             successore●
             ,
             nec
             tua
             plus
             j●venta
             quàm
             bonum
             Principe●
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             34
             Ne
             Ti●erium
             quidem
             caritate
             aut
             Reipublicae
             cura
             successor●m
             ●dscitum
             :
             sed
             quoniam
             arrogan●iam
             saevitiamque
             introspexerit
             ,
             compar●tione
             deterrima
             ●ibi
             gloriam
             quaefi●isse
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             35
             Optimos
             quippe
             mort●lirum
             ,
             altissima
             cupere
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             36
             Is
             modi●um
             Hyberiae
             regnum
             senecta
             patris
             detineri
             ,
             ferocius
             crebriusque
             jactabat
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             37
             Give
             him
             no
             liberty
             in
             his
             youth
             ,
             and
             wink
             not
             at
             his
             folly
             ,
             Ecclus.
             30.
             11.
             
          
           
             38
             Vt
             amoto
             P●tre
             ,
             Drusus
             munia
             consulatu●
             solus
             impleret
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               lib.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             39
             Displicere
             regna●ntibus
             civilia
             filiorum
             ingeni●
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             40
             Qu●nquam
             ●onor●●●atione
             ,
             qu●dam
             de
             habitu
             ,
             ●●ltuq●e
             &
             institutis
             ej●s
             jecerat
             ,
             qu●
             vel●t
             excu●ando
             exprobraret
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             41
             Ad
             o●te●tand●●
             saevitiam
             in●vend●sque
             p●pull
             off●nsio●●●
             ,
             concess●m
             f●lio
             materiam
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             42
             L●tabatur
             Tiberi●●
             quum
             inter
             filios
             &
             leges
             Sen●tus
             dis●ept●ret
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             43
             Caesar
             D●mitianus
             Pr●●turam
             capit
             .
             Ejus
             〈◊〉
             epistoli●
             edictisque
             proponebatur
             ,
             vis
             penes
             Mutianum
             erat
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             44
             ●gitur
             Pharasmanes
             juvenem
             potentiae
             promptae
             &
             studio
             pop●darium
             accinctum
             ,
             vergentibus
             jam
             armis
             suis
             metuens
             ,
             alia●
             ad
             spem
             tra●ere
             &
             Armeniam
             oftentare
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
            
             1.
             12.
             
          
           
             45
             ●rofecto
             Brixellum
             Othone
             ,
             honor
             imperii
             penes
             Titianum
             fratrem
             ,
             ●is
             ,
             ac
             potestas
             penes
             Proculum
             Praefectum
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             46
             Qu●
             Syriae
             imponeretur
             ,
             ad
             spes
             Germanici
             coercendas
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             47
             Partemque
             prolis
             ,
             firmandae
             amicitiae
             ,
             miserat
             :
             ●aud
             perinde
             nostri
             me●u
             ,
             quam
             fidei
             popularium
             diffisus
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             48
             Quamvi●
             gentis
             Arsaci●arum
             ,
             ut
             extern●m
             aspernaban●ur
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             49
             Immensumq●●
             attolli
             pro●ideret
             q●em
             conjunctione
             ta●●
             super
             alios
             〈◊〉
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             50
             Proculejum
             ,
             &
             quosda●
             in
             sermonibus
             〈…〉
             ,
             Reip
             negotiis
             permixto●
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             51
             Wo
             to
             thee
             ,
             O
             land
             ,
             when
             thy
             king
             is
             a
             child
             ,
             Eceles
             .
             10.
             16.
             
          
           
             52
             Quando
             ausuros
             exposcere
             remedia
             ,
             nisi
             novum
             ,
             &
             nutantem
             a●hus
             Principem
             ,
             precibus
             vel
             armis
             adirent
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             Tasso
             .
          
           
             53
             M●lt●que
             gratia
             man●it
             reputante
             Tiberi●
             publicum
             sibi
             odium
             ,
             extre●am
             ●●atem
             ,
             magisque
             fama
             quam
             vi●st●re
             res
             suas
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             54
             Consilis
             &
             astu
             res
             externa●
             moliri
             ,
             arm●
             procul
             ba●ere
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             55
             Hispaniae
             praeerat
             Cl●vius
             Ruf●●
             vir
             fa●und●s
             ,
             &
             pacis
             artibus
             ,
             belli
             ine●p●●t●●
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             1
             And
             the
             day
             of
             death
             ,
             than
             the
             day
             of
             birth
             ,
             Eccles.
             7.
             1.
             
          
           
             2
             And
             dig
             for
             it
             more
             than
             for
             rich
             treasure
             ,
             which
             rejoyce
             exceedingly
             ,
             and
             are
             glad
             when
             they
             can
             find
             the
             grave
             ,
             Iob
             3.
             21
             ,
             22.
             
          
           
             3
             And
             set
             great
             pillars
             round
             about
             them
             ,
             and
             set
             arms
             upon
             the
             pillars
             ,
             for
             a
             perpetual
             memory
             ,
             and
             carved
             ships
             be●ides
             the
             arms
             ,
             1
             Ma●cab
             .
             13.
             29.
             
          
           
             4
             Wherefore
             then
             hast
             thou
             brought
             me
             forth
             out
             of
             the
             womb
             ?
             O
             that
             I
             had
             given
             up
             the
             Ghost
             ,
             and
             no
             eye
             had
             seen
             me
             ,
             I
             should
             have
             been
             as
             though
             I
             had
             not
             been
             ,
             I
             should
             have
             been
             carried
             from
             the
             womb
             to
             the
             grave
             ,
             Iob
             10.
             18
             ,
             19.
             
          
           
             5
             I
             was
             nourished
             in
             swadling
             cloaths
             and
             with
             care●
             ,
             Wisd.
             7.
             4.
             
          
           
             *
             For
             there
             is
             no
             king
             that
             hath
             any
             o●●er
             ●eginning
             of
             birth
             ,
             Wisd.
             7.
             5.
             
          
           
             6
             l●sas
             〈…〉
             fact●s
             na●●ra
             fuisse
             necesse
             est
             ,
             
               Arist.
               Pol.
               l.
            
             1.
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             7
             Thou
             shalt
             come
             to
             thy
             grave
             in
             a
             full
             age
             ,
             like
             as
             a
             shock
             of
             corn
             cometh
             in
             ,
             in
             his
             season
             ,
             
               Iob
               5.
               26.
               secund
               .
               Septuagint
               .
            
          
           
             8
             Cum
             ●pud
             infirmum
             &
             credulum
             ,
             minore
             metu
             &
             majore
             prae●io
             peccaretur
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             9
             Nam
             senem
             Augustum
             devi●xerat
             ,
             adeo
             ,
             uti
             Nepotem
             unicum
             Agrippam
             Posthumu●
             in
             insulam
             Planasiam
             projic●ret
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             10
             Nulla
             in
             praesens
             formidine
             dum
             Augustus
             aetate
             validus
             ,
             seque
             &
             domum
             ,
             &
             pacem
             sustentavit
             ,
             postquam
             profecta
             jam
             senectus
             &
             agro
             corpore
             fatigabatur
             ,
             aderatque
             finis
             ,
             &
             spei
             novae
             ;
             pauci
             bon●
             liber●atis
             inc●ssum
             disserere
             ,
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             11
             Ipsa
             aetas
             Galb●e
             ,
             &
             irrisu●
             &
             fastid●o
             erat
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             12
             Senectutem
             Tiberii
             ut
             inermem
             despicient
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             13
             〈◊〉
             ,
             &
             Principe
             i●●●to
             exitium
             d●mui
             ejus
             i●tendi
             〈◊〉
             ,
             〈…〉
             l.
             5.
             
          
           
             14
             Precarium
             sibi
             imperium
             &
             brevi
             transi●●●●●
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             15
             〈◊〉
             afferebant
             ve●alia
             c●nct●
             ,
             prap●●●mses
             libe●●
             .
             〈…〉
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Hist.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             16
             Theophr
             .
             l.
             de
             Plant.
             
          
           
             17
             My
             breath
             is
             corrupt
             ,
             my
             days
             are
             exti●●●
             ,
             the
             graves
             are
             ready
             for
             me
             ,
             Io●
             17.
             1.
             
          
           
             18
             And
             the
             sun
             stood
             still
             ,
             and
             the
             moon
             stayed
             ,
             Ios●
             .
             10.
             13.
             
          
           
             19
             Sim●l
             exce●●i●●e
             Augustum
             ,
             &
             rer●m
             pot●ri
             Neronem
             ●ama
             e●dem
             ●●lit
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             20
             Dum
             res
             firmando
             Nero●●●
             i●p●rio
             〈◊〉
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             21
             My
             son
             ,
             pour
             forth
             tears
             over
             the
             dead
             ,
             E●clus
             .
             38.
             16.
             
          
           
             22
             Mourn
             before
             Abner
             :
             and
             king
             David
             himself
             followd
             the
             bier
             ,
             2
             S●m
             .
             3.
             31.
             
          
           
             23
             Jesus
             wept
             ,
             Io●
             .
             11.
             35.
             
          
           
             24
             Quomodo
             imaginibus
             suis
             noscuntur
             ,
             quas
             nec
             victor
             quidem
             abolevit
             ,
             ●ic
             partem
             memoriae
             apud
             scriptores
             retinent
             ,
             
               Tac.
               Annal.
               l.
            
             4.