Brief directions shewing how a fit and perfect model of popular government may be made, found, or understood
         Harrington, James, 1611-1677.
      
       
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             Brief directions shewing how a fit and perfect model of popular government may be made, found, or understood
             Harrington, James, 1611-1677.
          
           23 p.
           
             Printed for Daniel Pakeman ...,
             [London :
             1659]
          
           
             Caption title.
             Imprint from colophon.
             Signed at end: "Novemb. 13. 1658. Octavian Pulleyn warden". Partly inked out, perhaps indicating a printer's error.
             Reproduction of original in Bodleian Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Political science -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A45611  R4541  (Wing H807).  civilwar no Brief directions shewing how a fit and perfect model of popular government may be made, found, or understood. Harrington, James 1659    7773 8 0 0 0 0 0 10 C  The  rate of 10 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 
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           BRIEF
           DIRECTIONS
           Shewing
           how
           a
           fit
           and
           perfect
           MODEL
           OF
           Popular
           Government
           may
           be
           made
           ,
           found
           ,
           or
           understood
           .
        
         
           THere
           is
           nothing
           more
           apparent
           ,
           than
           that
           this
           Nation
           is
           greatly
           disquieted
           and
           perplexed
           through
           a
           complication
           of
           two
           Causes
           :
           The
           one
           ,
           that
           the
           present
           state
           thereof
           is
           not
           capable
           of
           any
           other
           Form
           ,
           than
           that
           onely
           of
           a
           Popular
           Government
           ;
           The
           other
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           too
           few
           who
           understand
           what
           is
           the
           Form
           or
           Model
           naturally
           necessary
           unto
           a
           Popular
           Government
           ,
           or
           what
           is
           required
           in
           that
           Form
           or
           Prudence
           ,
           for
           the
           sitting
           of
           it
           unto
           the
           use
           of
           this
           Nation
           .
           For
           these
           Infirmities
           ,
           I
           shall
           offer
           some
           Remedy
           by
           a
           brief
           Discourse
           or
           Direction
           ,
           consisting
           of
           two
           Parts
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           shewing
           those
           Forms
           or
           Models
           of
           Popular
           Government
           ,
           or
           of
           Common-wealths
           ,
           which
           have
           been
           hitherto
           extant
           ,
           whether
           fit
           or
           unfit
           for
           the
           present
           .
           State
           of
           this
           Nation
           :
           The
           second
           ,
           shewing
           a
           Model
           Form
           of
           Popular
           Government
           fitted
           unto
           the
           present
           state
           of
           this
           Nation
           .
           In
           the
           first
           part
           I
           shall
           propose
           seven
           Models
           roughly
           and
           generally
           :
           In
           the
           second
           ,
           one
           ,
           but
           more
           particularly
           and
           exactly
           .
        
         
         
           
             THE
             FIRST
             PART
             .
          
           
             IN
             every
             Frame
             of
             Government
             ,
             either
             the
             Form
             must
             be
             fitted
             unto
             the
             Propriety
             as
             it
             standeth
             ,
             and
             this
             onely
             is
             practicable
             in
             this
             Nation
             ;
             or
             the
             Propriety
             must
             be
             altered
             and
             fitted
             unto
             the
             Frame
             ,
             which
             without
             force
             hath
             been
             sometimes
             ,
             but
             very
             seldom
             ,
             practicable
             in
             any
             other
             Nation
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             for
             the
             better
             knowledge
             of
             the
             One
             way
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             best
             to
             propose
             in
             both
             wayes
             .
          
           
             
               THE
               FIRST
               MODEL
               OF
               POPULAR
               GOVERNMENT
               ,
               PROPOSED
               .
            
             
               THat
               the
               Nobility
               ,
               the
               Gentry
               ,
               and
               the
               People
               ,
               be
               perswaded
               to
               give
               up
               their
               whole
               Lands
               unto
               the
               Common-wealth
               .
            
             
               That
               if
               the
               whole
               People
               shall
               so
               give
               up
               their
               Lands
               ,
               they
               be
               divided
               into
               twelve
               equal
               Precincts
               ,
               called
               Tribes
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               man
               of
               greatest
               quality
               in
               every
               Tribe
               have
               about
               ten
               thousand
               pounds
               a
               year
               given
               unto
               him
               and
               his
               heirs
               ,
               with
               the
               hereditary
               Dignity
               of
               Prince
               of
               his
               Tribe
               .
            
             
               That
               some
               ten
               other
               men
               of
               the
               next
               quality
               under
               the
               Prince
               in
               every
               Tribe
               ,
               have
               about
               two
               thousand
               pounds
               a
               year
               in
               the
               same
               given
               unto
               each
               of
               them
               and
               their
               heirs
               ,
               with
               the
               
               hereditary
               Dignity
               of
               Patriarchs
               ,
               or
               Chief
               of
               the
               Fathers
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               remaining
               part
               of
               the
               Lands
               ,
               except
               forty
               eight
               Cities
               and
               their
               Suburbs
               ,
               be
               distributed
               unto
               the
               whole
               People
               equally
               by
               Lots
               .
            
             
               That
               it
               be
               not
               lawful
               for
               any
               Prince
               ,
               Patriarch
               ,
               or
               other
               ,
               to
               sell
               or
               alienate
               his
               Land
               ,
               or
               any
               part
               thereof
               ,
               in
               such
               manner
               ,
               but
               that
               upon
               every
               fiftieth
               year
               ,
               being
               for
               this
               cause
               a
               year
               of
               
                 Jubile
                 ,
              
               all
               Lands
               within
               that
               compass
               sold
               or
               alienated
               return
               unto
               the
               ancient
               possessors
               or
               lawful
               heirs
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               one
               other
               Tribe
               added
               unto
               the
               twelve
               ;
               that
               this
               Tribe
               so
               added
               ,
               be
               not
               local
               ,
               nor
               suffered
               to
               have
               any
               Lands
               at
               all
               ,
               except
               the
               forty
               eight
               Cities
               above
               reserved
               ,
               with
               their
               Suburbs
               (
               that
               is
               )
               with
               a
               quantity
               of
               Land
               to
               each
               of
               them
               ,
               being
               in
               depth
               two
               thousand
               cubits
               round
               .
               That
               these
               be
               setled
               upon
               them
               and
               their
               heirs
               for
               ever
               ,
               besides
               the
               annual
               Tithe
               of
               the
               whole
               Territory
               ,
               and
               a
               piece
               of
               Money
               every
               year
               upon
               every
               Head
               under
               the
               notion
               of
               an
               Offering
               ,
               in
               regard
               that
               other
               Offerings
               are
               now
               unlawful
               ;
               and
               that
               this
               Tribe
               consist
               of
               Clergy
               ,
               having
               one
               hereditary
               Archbishop
               ,
               or
               High-Priest
               ,
               for
               the
               Head
               and
               Prince
               of
               their
               Tribe
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               no
               other
               Law
               than
               that
               of
               the
               Word
               of
               God
               onely
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               Clergy
               being
               best
               skilled
               in
               this
               Law
               ,
               be
               eligible
               into
               all
               Courts
               of
               Justice
               ,
               all
               Magistracies
               and
               Offices
               whatsoever
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Prince
               of
               a
               Tribe
               ,
               together
               with
               one
               or
               more
               Courts
               ,
               consisting
               of
               twenty
               three
               Judges
               elected
               by
               the
               People
               of
               that
               Tribe
               for
               life
               ,
               be
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               People
               of
               the
               twelve
               local
               Divisions
               ,
               take
               by
               the
               Ballot
               wise
               men
               and
               understanding
               among
               their
               Tribes
               ,
               and
               of
               these
               constitute
               a
               
                 Senate
              
               for
               the
               whole
               Common-wealth
               ,
               consisting
               of
               seventy
               Elders
               for
               life
               .
            
             
               That
               every
               local
               Tribe
               monethly
               elect
               two
               thousand
               of
               their
               own
               number
               ;
               and
               that
               these
               Elections
               amounting
               in
               all
               unto
               four
               and
               twenty
               thousand
               ,
               assemble
               at
               the
               Metropolis
               or
               Capital
               City
               ,
               and
               be
               the
               monethly
               Representative
               of
               the
               People
               .
            
             
             
               That
               the
               Senate
               be
               a
               standing
               Judicatory
               of
               Appeal
               from
               all
               other
               Courts
               ,
               with
               power
               to
               shew
               the
               Sentence
               of
               the
               Laws
               of
               God
               .
            
             
               That
               besides
               the
               Law
               of
               God
               ,
               whatever
               shall
               be
               proposed
               by
               the
               seventy
               Elders
               ,
               and
               resolved
               by
               the
               monethly
               Representative
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               be
               the
               Law
               of
               the
               Land
               .
            
          
           
             
               A
               SECOND
               MODEL
               OF
               A
               COMMON-WEALTH
               .
               PROPOSED
               .
            
             
               THat
               there
               be
               a
               King
               without
               guards
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Word
               or
               Command
               of
               this
               King
               be
               the
               Law
               .
            
             
               That
               this
               King
               stirring
               out
               of
               his
               Palace
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               lawful
               or
               any
               man
               to
               slay
               him
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               Model
               there
               wanteth
               but
               Security
               ,
               that
               while
               the
               People
               are
               dispersed
               ,
               the
               King
               can
               gather
               no
               Army
               ;
               to
               demonstrate
               ,
               That
               either
               the
               People
               must
               be
               free
               ,
               or
               the
               King
               a
               Prisoner
               .
            
          
           
             
               A
               THIRD
               MODEL
               OF
               A
               COMMON-WEALTH
               ,
               PROPOSED
               .
            
             
               THat
               the
               Nobility
               ,
               the
               Gentry
               ,
               and
               the
               People
               ,
               having
               upon
               perswasion
               given
               up
               their
               Lands
               to
               the
               Publick
               ,
               the
               whole
               Territory
               be
               divided
               into
               One
               hundred
               thousand
               equal
               Lots
               ,
               and
               two
               more
               ,
               being
               each
               of
               Ten
               thousand
               Acres
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               inferiour
               Lots
               be
               distributed
               unto
               the
               People
               .
            
             
               That
               every
               man
               possessing
               a
               Lot
               ,
               be
               a
               Citizen
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               rest
               ,
               except
               onely
               the
               children
               of
               Citizens
               ,
               be
               
               Servants
               unto
               ,
               and
               Tillers
               of
               the
               ground
               for
               the
               Citizens
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               no
               professed
               Students
               .
            
             
               That
               no
               Citizen
               exercise
               any
               Trade
               ,
               but
               that
               of
               Arms
               onely
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               use
               of
               Money
               ,
               except
               it
               be
               made
               of
               Iron
               ,
               be
               wholly
               banished
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               two
               Kings
               Hereditary
               :
               That
               each
               of
               them
               possess
               one
               of
               those
               Lots
               of
               ten
               thousand
               Acres
               .
            
             
               That
               they
               be
               Presidents
               of
               the
               
                 Senate
                 ,
              
               with
               single
               Votes
               ;
               and
               that
               in
               War
               they
               have
               the
               leading
               of
               the
               Armies
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               a
               Senate
               consisting
               ,
               besides
               the
               Kings
               ,
               of
               twenty
               eight
               Senators
               ,
               elected
               for
               life
               by
               the
               People
               .
            
             
               That
               whatever
               be
               proposed
               by
               this
               Senate
               unto
               the
               whole
               People
               ,
               or
               any
               ten
               thousand
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               shall
               be
               Resolved
               by
               the
               same
               ,
               be
               the
               Law
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               a
               Court
               consisting
               of
               five
               annual
               Magistrates
               ,
               elected
               by
               the
               People
               ;
               and
               that
               this
               Court
               have
               power
               to
               bring
               a
               King
               ,
               a
               Senator
               ,
               or
               other
               ,
               that
               shall
               openly
               or
               secretly
               violate
               the
               Laws
               ,
               or
               invade
               the
               Government
               ,
               unto
               Justice
               .
            
          
           
             
               A
               FOURTH
               MODEL
               OF
               A
               COMMON-WEALTH
               ,
               PROPOSED
               .
            
             
               THat
               there
               be
               a
               Representative
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               consisting
               of
               five
               thousand
               .
            
             
               That
               these
               annually
               Elect
               by
               Lot
               a
               
                 Senate
                 ,
              
               consisting
               of
               four
               hundred
               ,
               and
               a
               Signiory
               by
               suffrage
               consisting
               of
               Nine
               annual
               Princes
               .
            
             
               That
               each
               fourth
               part
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               for
               one
               fourth
               part
               of
               their
               annual
               term
               ,
               be
               a
               Council
               of
               State
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Council
               of
               State
               may
               assemble
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               propose
               to
               the
               same
               :
               That
               the
               Senate
               may
               assemble
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               propose
               unto
               them
               .
               And
               that
               what
               is
               proposed
               by
               
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               resolved
               by
               the
               People
               ,
               be
               the
               Law
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Executive
               Power
               of
               the
               Laws
               made
               ,
               be
               more
               especially
               committed
               and
               distributed
               in
               various
               Functions
               ,
               and
               divers
               Administrations
               ,
               unto
               the
               nine
               Princes
               .
            
          
           
             
               A
               FIFTH
               MODEL
               OF
               A
               COMMON-WEALTH
               ,
               PROPOSED
               .
            
             
               THat
               the
               whole
               Nation
               be
               divided
               into
               three
               distinct
               Orders
               ;
               the
               one
               
                 Senatorian
                 ,
              
               or
               Nobility
               ;
               the
               other
               
                 Equestrian
                 ,
              
               or
               Gentry
               ;
               and
               the
               third
               
                 Plebeian
                 ,
              
               or
               Popular
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               
                 Equestrian
              
               Order
               be
               the
               Cavalry
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Plebeian
              
               the
               Foot
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               a
               Senate
               consisting
               of
               the
               
                 Senatorian
              
               Order
               ,
               and
               of
               three
               hundred
               Senators
               for
               life
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               two
               Magistrates
               elected
               by
               the
               People
               ;
               for
               five
               years
               term
               ,
               called
               
                 Censors
                 .
              
            
             
               That
               the
               
                 Censors
              
               have
               power
               upon
               cause
               shewn
               to
               remove
               a
               Senator
               out
               of
               the
               Senate
               ;
               and
               to
               elect
               a
               Noble
               man
               ,
               or
               sometimes
               a
               Plebeian
               ,
               thereby
               made
               Noble
               ,
               into
               the
               Senate
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               two
               annual
               Magistrates
               elected
               by
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               called
               
                 Consuls
                 .
              
            
             
               That
               the
               
                 Consuls
              
               be
               
                 Presidents
              
               of
               the
               
                 Senate
                 ,
              
               and
               have
               the
               leading
               of
               the
               Armies
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Senate
               (
               as
               they
               shall
               see
               occasion
               )
               may
               nominate
               one
               person
               to
               be
               
                 Dictator
              
               for
               some
               short
               term
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               
                 Dictator
              
               for
               his
               term
               have
               Soveraign
               Power
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               a
               Division
               of
               the
               whole
               People
               ,
               of
               what
               Orders
               soever
               ,
               into
               six
               Classes
               ,
               according
               unto
               the
               valuation
               of
               their
               Estates
               .
               For
               Example
               :
               That
               the
               first
               Classis
               consist
               of
               all
               such
               as
               have
               two
               thousand
               pounds
               a
               year
               ,
               or
               upwards
               ;
               the
               second
               ,
               of
               all
               such
               as
               have
               One
               thousand
               pounds
               a
               year
               ,
               
               or
               upwards
               ,
               under
               two
               ;
               the
               third
               ,
               of
               all
               such
               as
               have
               Six
               hundred
               pounds
               a
               year
               ,
               or
               upwards
               ,
               under
               one
               thousand
               ;
               the
               fourth
               ,
               of
               all
               such
               as
               have
               Three
               hundred
               pounds
               a
               year
               ,
               or
               upwards
               ,
               under
               six
               hundred
               ;
               the
               fifth
               ,
               of
               all
               such
               as
               have
               under
               the
               former
               proportion
               ;
               the
               sixth
               ,
               of
               all
               such
               as
               pay
               no
               Taxes
               ,
               or
               have
               no
               Land
               ;
               and
               that
               these
               be
               not
               used
               in
               Arms
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Senate
               propose
               all
               Laws
               to
               be
               Enacted
               ,
               unto
               an
               Assembly
               of
               the
               People
               .
            
             
               That
               all
               Magistrates
               be
               elected
               by
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               That
               this
               Assembly
               of
               the
               People
               consist
               of
               the
               five
               Classes
               ,
               in
               such
               manner
               ,
               that
               if
               the
               Votes
               of
               the
               first
               and
               second
               Classis
               be
               near
               equal
               ,
               the
               third
               Classis
               be
               called
               ,
               and
               if
               these
               agree
               not
               ,
               the
               fourth
               be
               called
               ;
               and
               so
               for
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               That
               what
               is
               thus
               proposed
               by
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               resolved
               by
               the
               People
               ,
               be
               the
               Law
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               Frame
               the
               Senate
               ,
               by
               the
               Optimacy
               of
               the
               first
               and
               second
               Classes
               ,
               (
               which
               seldom
               or
               never
               disagree
               )
               carrieth
               all
               ,
               to
               the
               exclusion
               of
               the
               main
               Body
               of
               the
               People
               :
               whence
               ariseth
               continual
               fewd
               or
               enmity
               between
               the
               Senate
               and
               the
               People
               ;
               who
               consulting
               apart
               ,
               introduce
               Popular
               Debate
               ,
               set
               up
               some
               other
               way
               of
               Assembly
               ,
               as
               by
               Tribes
               ,
               or
               by
               Parishes
               ,
               with
               more
               Equality
               of
               Votes
               ,
               Elect
               Magistrates
               of
               their
               own
               ,
               Make
               Decrees
               binding
               the
               Senate
               or
               Nobility
               ,
               Endevour
               to
               curb
               their
               Power
               by
               weakning
               their
               Ballance
               ,
               or
               diminishing
               of
               their
               Estates
               :
               All
               these
               tumultuously
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               Alteration
               of
               the
               Government
               ,
               with
               so
               frequent
               Changes
               under
               so
               divers
               shapes
               ,
               as
               make
               a
               very
               
                 Proteus
              
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               till
               having
               been
               all
               her
               life-time
               afflicted
               with
               Anarchy
               ,
               she
               end
               her
               dayes
               in
               Tyranny
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               THE
               SIXTH
               MODEL
               OF
               A
               COMMON-WEALTH
               ,
               PROPOSED
               .
            
             
               THat
               the
               Soveraign
               Power
               be
               estated
               upon
               Four
               thousand
               select
               men
               ,
               to
               them
               and
               their
               Heirs
               for
               ever
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               a
               great
               Council
               consisting
               of
               these
               Four
               thousand
               ;
               and
               that
               their
               Sons
               at
               five
               and
               twenty
               years
               of
               age
               have
               right
               unto
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               great
               Council
               elect
               one
               Duke
               for
               life
               ;
               That
               the
               Duke
               have
               a
               Royal
               Palace
               assigned
               ,
               with
               a
               guard
               ,
               at
               the
               States
               charge
               ,
               and
               a
               Revenue
               of
               Fifteen
               hundred
               pounds
               a
               year
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               bear
               the
               Soveraign
               Dignity
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               .
            
             
               That
               this
               Duke
               have
               six
               Counsellors
               annually
               chosen
               by
               the
               great
               Council
               .
               That
               he
               have
               no
               power
               to
               Sign
               any
               Writing
               ,
               though
               in
               his
               own
               Name
               ,
               nor
               to
               do
               any
               of
               his
               Political
               Functions
               without
               his
               Counsellors
               .
               That
               his
               Counsellors
               have
               power
               to
               Sign
               any
               Writing
               in
               the
               Dukes
               Name
               ,
               or
               to
               do
               any
               of
               his
               Political
               Functions
               without
               him
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               Duke
               with
               these
               six
               Counsellors
               be
               the
               Signiory
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Signiory
               of
               this
               Common-wealth
               have
               session
               and
               suffrage
               in
               all
               the
               Councils
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               with
               right
               also
               to
               popose
               unto
               each
               or
               any
               of
               them
               ,
               either
               joyntly
               or
               severally
               .
            
             
               That
               one
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               elected
               annually
               by
               the
               great
               Council
               ,
               together
               with
               other
               Councils
               and
               Magistrates
               ,
               to
               whom
               of
               course
               the
               like
               Honour
               is
               appertaining
               ,
               be
               the
               Senate
               .
            
             
               That
               sixteen
               other
               Magistrates
               proposed
               by
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               confirmed
               by
               the
               great
               Council
               for
               the
               term
               of
               six
               moneths
               ,
               be
               a
               Council
               apart
               ,
               with
               three
               weekly
               Provosts
               or
               Proposers
               ,
               called
               the
               Colledge
               .
            
             
             
               That
               the
               Signiory
               may
               assemble
               the
               College
               ,
               and
               propose
               to
               them
               ;
               that
               the
               College
               may
               assemble
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               propose
               to
               them
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               Senate
               may
               assemble
               the
               great
               Council
               ,
               and
               propose
               to
               them
               .
               And
               that
               whatever
               is
               resolved
               by
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               not
               contradicted
               ,
               nor
               questioned
               by
               the
               great
               Council
               ,
               be
               the
               Law
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               be
               a
               Council
               of
               ten
               Elected
               annually
               by
               the
               great
               Council
               ;
               and
               that
               this
               Council
               of
               ten
               ,
               with
               the
               Signiory
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               the
               College
               ,
               having
               right
               of
               Session
               and
               Suffrage
               in
               the
               same
               ,
               may
               upon
               occasion
               exercise
               
                 Dictatorian
              
               Power
               in
               this
               Common-wealth
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               People
               under
               the
               Empire
               of
               this
               Common-wealth
               ,
               be
               disarmed
               ,
               and
               governed
               by
               Lieutenants
               of
               Provinces
               .
               That
               the
               Common-wealth
               have
               a
               standing
               Army
               of
               strangers
               or
               others
               ,
               in
               Discipline
               and
               Pay
               .
               
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 wherein
                 she
                 shall
                 reside
                 ,
                 be
                 founded
                 in
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 after
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 can
                 no
                 more
                 be
                 approached
                 by
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 an
                 Army
                 without
                 a
                 Fleet
                 .
                 Otherwise
                 ,
                 this
                 Common-wealth
                 is
                 exposed
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 a
                 mercenary
                 Army
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               A
               SEVENETH
               MODEL
               OF
               A
               COMMON-WEALTH
               ,
               PROPOSED
               .
            
             
               THat
               the
               People
               in
               every
               City
               ,
               and
               in
               every
               Province
               or
               County
               within
               these
               three
               Nations
               ,
               Elect
               unto
               every
               City
               ,
               Province
               ,
               or
               County
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               a
               matter
               of
               twenty
               ,
               thirty
               ,
               or
               forty
               Magistrates
               for
               life
               .
               That
               these
               Magistrates
               being
               so
               elected
               ,
               be
               the
               Senate
               of
               that
               respective
               City
               ,
               Province
               or
               County
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Senates
               ,
               thus
               Elected
               ,
               thence-forth
               have
               and
               enjoy
               the
               Soveraign
               Power
               within
               their
               respective
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               for
               ever
               .
               That
               every
               Senate
               annually
               Elect
               two
               or
               four
               Burgomasters
               
               or
               Consuls
               ,
               to
               be
               Presidents
               of
               the
               same
               .
               That
               they
               also
               Elect
               seven
               Magistrates
               ,
               or
               present
               fourteen
               persons
               unto
               the
               Governour
               of
               the
               Province
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               Elect
               seven
               .
               That
               the
               seven
               so
               Elected
               be
               Judges
               ,
               or
               have
               the
               Executive
               power
               of
               the
               Laws
               for
               their
               term
               ,
               and
               within
               their
               respective
               Jurisdiction
               .
            
             
               That
               in
               case
               of
               Affairs
               of
               more
               publick
               and
               general
               concernment
               ,
               as
               War
               or
               Peace
               ,
               Levy
               of
               Men
               or
               Money
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               the
               Governour
               of
               the
               Province
               give
               information
               of
               the
               things
               to
               be
               considered
               ,
               unto
               the
               Nobility
               &
               to
               the
               Senates
               of
               that
               Province
               ;
               therewithall
               appointing
               a
               time
               and
               place
               for
               the
               Assembly
               of
               the
               States
               Provincial
               .
               That
               each
               of
               the
               Senates
               ,
               having
               debated
               the
               matter
               proposed
               ,
               delegate
               one
               Consul
               ,
               with
               some
               other
               Senators
               well
               informed
               and
               instructed
               with
               their
               Will
               and
               Pleasure
               ,
               unto
               the
               Assembly
               of
               the
               States
               Provincial
               .
               That
               the
               Nobility
               of
               the
               same
               Province
               delegate
               some
               of
               their
               Order
               likewise
               ,
               to
               the
               Provincial
               States
               .
               That
               the
               Delegates
               both
               of
               the
               Nobility
               and
               of
               the
               Senates
               ,
               give
               the
               Vote
               of
               their
               Principals
               according
               unto
               instruction
               ;
               and
               that
               neither
               the
               Nobility
               ,
               nor
               any
               Senate
               or
               Soveraignty
               be
               otherwise
               bound
               ,
               than
               by
               their
               own
               Vote
               .
            
             
               
                 That
                 the
                 Provincial
                 Estates
                 Elect
                 one
                 Magistrate
                 for
                 life
                 ,
                 or
                 during
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 Provincial
                 Governour
                 :
                 That
                 they
                 Elect
                 one
                 or
                 more
                 other
                 Magistrates
                 for
                 life
                 ,
                 or
                 during
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 States
                 General
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 That
                 the
                 States
                 General
                 being
                 Elected
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 instructed
                 by
                 their
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 have
                 the
                 direction
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 League
                 :
                 That
                 each
                 give
                 not
                 his
                 own
                 Vote
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Vote
                 of
                 his
                 Province
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 no
                 Province
                 be
                 othewise
                 bound
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 her
                 own
                 Vote
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 IF
                 these
                 Models
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 I
                 clame
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 hath
                 laid
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 highest
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Common-wealths
                 ,
                 unto
                 the
                 lowest
                 capacity
                 of
                 Vulgar
                 Debate
                 )
                 be
                 not
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 mouthes
                 of
                 great
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Pamphlets
                 ,
                 for
                 
                   Chymera's
                
                 or
                 
                   Utopia's
                   ,
                
                 it
                 is
                 great
                 chance
                 :
                 Yet
                 contain
                 they
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 the
                 whole
                 Revolution
                 of
                 Popular
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Nor
                 
                 is
                 it
                 more
                 certain
                 ,
                 That
                 no
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 would
                 fit
                 the
                 present
                 state
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 he
                 or
                 they
                 ,
                 whose
                 Contemplation
                 and
                 Vnderstanding
                 is
                 not
                 well
                 versed
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 shall
                 never
                 fit
                 a
                 Model
                 of
                 Popular
                 Government
                 unto
                 the
                 present
                 state
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 assurance
                 ,
                 I
                 come
                 to
                 fulfil
                 my
                 promise
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Second
                   Part
                   ;
                
                 or
                 to
                 propose
                 such
                 a
                 Model
                 as
                 is
                 fitted
                 unto
                 the
                 present
                 state
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             THE
             SECOND
             PART
             ,
             Proposing
             a
             MODEL
             of
             A
             COMMON-WEALTH
             Fitted
             unto
             the
             Present
             State
             of
             this
             Nation
             .
          
           
             But
             so
             it
             is
             ever
             ,
             That
             the
             Humours
             or
             Interests
             of
             predominant
             Parties
             ,
             hold
             themselves
             to
             be
             National
             :
             and
             that
             which
             fitteth
             them
             ,
             can
             never
             fit
             a
             Nation
             ;
             nor
             that
             which
             fitteth
             a
             Nation
             ,
             ever
             fit
             them
             .
             This
             in
             the
             Introduction
             of
             Government
             ,
             is
             alwayes
             the
             main
             Difficulty
             .
             But
             where
             parties
             are
             no
             better
             founded
             ,
             or
             fitted
             for
             Vsurpation
             ,
             than
             now
             in
             
               England
               ,
            
             they
             are
             rather
             to
             be
             slighted
             than
             considered
             ,
             as
             these
             ,
             the
             stoutest
             whereof
             have
             but
             given
             this
             Example
             unto
             the
             rest
             ,
             That
             they
             ,
             who
             in
             this
             state
             of
             Affairs
             shall
             obstruct
             an
             equal
             and
             well-ordered
             Government
             ,
             shall
             but
             ruine
             themselves
             .
             For
             which
             cause
             it
             is
             proposed
             .
          
           
           
             1.
             
             THat
             all
             Citizens
             ,
             (
             that
             is
             )
             Freemen
             ,
             or
             such
             as
             are
             not
             Servants
             ,
             be
             distributed
             into
             Horse
             and
             Foot
             .
             That
             such
             of
             them
             as
             have
             one
             hundred
             pounds
             a
             yeer
             in
             Lands
             ,
             Goods
             ,
             or
             Money
             ,
             or
             above
             this
             proportion
             ,
             be
             of
             the
             Horse
             ,
             and
             all
             such
             as
             have
             under
             this
             proportion
             be
             of
             the
             Foot
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             all
             Elders
             ,
             or
             Free-men
             ,
             being
             thirty
             years
             of
             age
             or
             upwards
             ,
             be
             capable
             of
             civil
             administration
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Youth
             ,
             or
             such
             Free-men
             as
             are
             between
             Eighteen
             years
             of
             age
             ,
             and
             Thirty
             ,
             be
             not
             capable
             of
             civil
             administration
             ,
             but
             of
             military
             only
             ,
             in
             such
             manner
             as
             shall
             follow
             in
             the
             military
             part
             of
             this
             Model
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             That
             the
             whole
             Native
             ,
             or
             proper
             Territory
             of
             the
             Common
             Wealth
             be
             cast
             with
             as
             much
             exactness
             as
             can
             be
             convenient
             ,
             into
             known
             and
             fixed
             Praecincts
             ,
             or
             Parishes
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             That
             the
             Elders
             resident
             in
             each
             Parish
             annually
             assemble
             in
             the
             same
             ,
             for
             example
             upon
             Monday
             next
             ensuing
             the
             last
             of
             
               December
               :
            
             That
             they
             then
             &
             there
             elect
             out
             of
             their
             own
             nnmber
             every
             fifth
             Man
             ,
             or
             one
             Man
             of
             every
             five
             ,
             to
             be
             for
             the
             term
             of
             the
             year
             ensuing
             a
             Deputy
             of
             that
             Parish
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             first
             and
             second
             so
             elected
             be
             Overseers
             ,
             or
             Presidents
             for
             the
             regulating
             of
             all
             parochial
             congregations
             ,
             whether
             of
             the
             Elders
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             Youth
             ,
             during
             the
             term
             for
             which
             they
             were
             elected
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             That
             so
             many
             Parishes
             lying
             neerest
             together
             ,
             whose
             Deputies
             shall
             amount
             to
             one
             hundred
             or
             thereabouts
             ,
             be
             cast
             into
             one
             Precinct
             called
             the
             Hundred
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             each
             Precinct
             called
             the
             Hundred
             ,
             there
             be
             a
             Town
             ,
             Village
             ,
             or
             place
             appointed
             to
             be
             the
             Capital
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             That
             the
             parochial
             Deputies
             elected
             throughout
             the
             Hundred
             assemble
             annually
             ,
             for
             example
             upon
             Monday
             next
             ensuing
             the
             last
             of
             
               January
               ,
            
             at
             the
             Capital
             of
             their
             Hundred
             .
             That
             they
             then
             and
             there
             elect
             out
             of
             the
             Horse
             of
             their
             number
             
             one
             Justice
             of
             the
             peace
             ,
             one
             Jury
             Man
             ,
             one
             Captain
             ,
             one
             Ensigne
             ;
             and
             out
             of
             the
             Foot
             of
             their
             number
             one
             other
             Jury
             Man
             ,
             one
             high
             Constable
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             7.
             
             That
             every
             twenty
             Hundreds
             lying
             neerest
             ,
             and
             most
             conveniently
             together
             ,
             be
             cast
             into
             one
             Tribe
             ,
             that
             the
             whole
             Territory
             being
             after
             this
             manner
             cast
             into
             Tribes
             ,
             some
             Town
             or
             place
             be
             appointed
             unto
             every
             Tribe
             for
             the
             Capital
             of
             the
             same
             ;
             And
             that
             these
             three
             Precincts
             ,
             (
             that
             is
             the
             Parish
             ,
             the
             Hundred
             ,
             and
             the
             Tribe
             ,
             whether
             the
             Deputies
             thenceforth
             annually
             chosen
             in
             the
             Parishes
             ,
             or
             Huudreds
             ,
             come
             to
             increase
             ,
             or
             diminish
             ,
             remain
             firm
             ,
             and
             inalterable
             for
             ever
             ,
             save
             only
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             .
             
               The
               Tribes
               are
               presumd
               throughout
               these
               propositions
               to
               amount
               unto
               fifty
               .
            
          
           
             8.
             
             That
             the
             Deputies
             elected
             in
             the
             several
             Parishes
             ,
             together
             with
             their
             Magistrates
             and
             other
             officers
             both
             civil
             and
             Military
             elected
             in
             the
             several
             Hundreds
             ,
             assemble
             or
             muster
             annually
             ,
             for
             example
             upon
             Monday
             next
             ensuing
             the
             last
             of
             
               February
               ,
            
             at
             the
             Capital
             of
             their
             Tribe
             ,
             for
             the
             space
             of
             two
             days
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             That
             this
             whole
             body
             thus
             assembled
             ,
             upon
             the
             first
             day
             of
             their
             assembly
             elect
             out
             of
             the
             Horse
             of
             their
             number
             ,
             one
             High
             Sheriff
             ,
             one
             Lieutenant
             of
             the
             Tribe
             ,
             one
             Custos
             Rotulorum
             ,
             one
             Conductor
             ,
             and
             two
             Censors
             .
             That
             the
             High
             Sheriff
             be
             Commander
             in
             chief
             ,
             the
             Lieutenant
             commander
             in
             the
             second
             place
             ,
             and
             the
             Conductor
             in
             the
             third
             place
             ,
             of
             this
             Band
             or
             Squadron
             :
             That
             the
             
               Censors
            
             Rotulorum
             be
             Muster-Master
             ,
             and
             keep
             the
             rolls
             ;
             That
             the
             Censors
             be
             Governours
             of
             the
             ballot
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             term
             of
             these
             Magistracies
             be
             annual
             .
          
           
             10.
             
             That
             the
             Magistrates
             of
             the
             Tribe
             (
             that
             is
             to
             say
             )
             the
             High
             Sheriff
             ,
             Lieutenant
             ,
             Custos
             Rotulorum
             ,
             the
             Censors
             ,
             and
             the
             Conductor
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Magistrates
             and
             Officers
             of
             the
             Hundreds
             ,
             (
             that
             is
             to
             say
             )
             the
             twenty
             Justices
             of
             the
             Peace
             ,
             the
             forty
             Jury
             men
             ,
             the
             twenty
             High
             Constables
             ,
             be
             one
             Troop
             ,
             or
             one
             Troop
             and
             one
             Company
             a
             part
             ,
             called
             the
             Prerogative
             Troop
             or
             Company
             .
             That
             this
             Troop
             bring
             in
             and
             assist
             the
             Justices
             of
             Assize
             ,
             hold
             the
             Quarter
             Sessions
             in
             their
             several
             Capacities
             ,
             and
             perform
             their
             other
             functions
             as
             formerly
             .
          
           
           
             11.
             
             That
             the
             Magistrates
             of
             the
             Tribe
             (
             that
             is
             to
             say
             )
             the
             High
             Sheriff
             ,
             Lieutenant
             ,
             Custos
             Rotulorum
             ,
             the
             Censors
             and
             the
             Conductor
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             twenty
             Justices
             elected
             at
             the
             Hundreds
             ,
             be
             a
             〈◊〉
             for
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Tribe
             called
             the
             Phylarch
             ,
             and
             that
             this
             Court
             proceed
             in
             all
             matter
             of
             Government
             as
             shall
             from
             time
             to
             time
             be
             directed
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             12.
             
             That
             the
             Squadron
             of
             the
             Tribe
             upon
             the
             second
             day
             of
             their
             assembly
             ,
             elect
             two
             Knights
             ,
             and
             three
             Burgesses
             out
             of
             the
             Horse
             of
             their
             number
             ,
             and
             four
             other
             Burgesses
             out
             of
             the
             Foot
             of
             their
             number
             ,
             that
             each
             Knight
             upon
             election
             forthwith
             make
             Oath
             of
             allegiance
             unto
             the
             Common-Wealth
             ,
             or
             refusing
             such
             Oath
             ,
             the
             next
             compe●itor
             in
             election
             to
             the
             same
             Magistracy
             ,
             making
             the
             said
             Oath
             ,
             be
             the
             Magistrate
             .
             The
             like
             for
             the
             Burgesses
             .
             That
             the
             Knights
             thus
             sworn
             ,
             have
             Session
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             for
             the
             term
             of
             three
             years
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Burgesses
             thus
             sworn
             ,
             be
             of
             the
             Prerogative
             Tribe
             or
             representative
             of
             the
             People
             for
             the
             like
             term
             .
          
           
             13.
             
             That
             for
             the
             full
             and
             perfect
             institution
             of
             the
             Assemblies
             mentioned
             ,
             the
             Squadron
             of
             the
             Tribe
             in
             the
             first
             yeer
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             elect
             two
             Knights
             for
             the
             term
             of
             one
             year
             ,
             two
             other
             Knights
             for
             the
             term
             of
             two
             years
             ,
             and
             lastly
             two
             Knights
             more
             for
             the
             term
             of
             three
             years
             ,
             the
             like
             for
             the
             Burgesses
             of
             the
             Horse
             first
             ,
             and
             then
             for
             those
             of
             the
             Foot
             .
             And
             that
             this
             proposition
             be
             of
             no
             farther
             use
             than
             for
             the
             first
             years
             election
             only
             .
          
           
             14.
             
             That
             a
             Magistrate
             or
             officer
             elected
             at
             the
             Hundred
             be
             thereby
             barred
             from
             being
             elected
             a
             Magistrate
             of
             the
             Tribe
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             first
             days
             election
             ;
             but
             that
             no
             former
             election
             whatsoever
             ,
             bar
             a
             man
             of
             the
             second
             days
             election
             at
             the
             Tribe
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             chosen
             a
             Knight
             or
             Burgess
             .
             That
             a
             man
             being
             chosen
             a
             Knight
             or
             Burgess
             ,
             who
             before
             was
             chosen
             a
             Magistrate
             or
             Officer
             of
             the
             Hundred
             ,
             or
             Tribe
             ,
             may
             delegate
             his
             former
             Office
             or
             Magistracy
             in
             the
             Hundred
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             Tribe
             ,
             to
             any
             other
             Deputy
             ,
             being
             no
             Magistrate
             ;
             nor
             Officer
             ,
             and
             being
             of
             the
             same
             Hundred
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             same
             Order
             ,
             that
             is
             of
             the
             Horse
             or
             Foot
             respectively
             .
          
           
             15.
             
             That
             the
             Knights
             of
             the
             annual
             election
             ,
             take
             their
             
             places
             upon
             Monday
             next
             ensuing
             the
             last
             of
             
               March
            
             in
             the
             Senate
             ;
             that
             the
             like
             number
             of
             Knights
             whose
             session
             determineth
             at
             the
             same
             time
             recede
             .
             That
             every
             Knight
             or
             Senator
             be
             paid
             out
             of
             the
             Publick
             Revenue
             quarterly
             ,
             one
             hundred
             twenty
             five
             pounds
             during
             his
             term
             of
             Session
             ,
             and
             be
             obliged
             to
             sit
             in
             purple
             robes
             .
          
           
             16.
             
             That
             annually
             upon
             reception
             of
             the
             new
             Knights
             ,
             the
             Senate
             proceed
             to
             election
             of
             new
             Magistrates
             and
             Counsellors
             .
             That
             for
             Magistrates
             they
             elect
             one
             General
             ,
             one
             Speaker
             ,
             and
             two
             Censors
             ,
             each
             for
             the
             term
             of
             one
             year
             ,
             these
             promiscuously
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             elect
             one
             Commissioner
             of
             the
             great
             Seal
             ,
             and
             one
             Commissioner
             of
             the
             Treasury
             ,
             each
             for
             the
             term
             of
             three
             years
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             the
             new
             Knights
             only
             .
          
           
             17.
             
             That
             the
             General
             and
             the
             Speaker
             as
             Consuls
             of
             the
             Common-Wealth
             ,
             and
             Presidents
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             be
             during
             the
             term
             of
             their
             Magistracy
             paid
             quarterly
             out
             of
             the
             publick
             revenue
             five
             hundred
             pounds
             ;
             that
             the
             Ensigns
             of
             these
             Magistracies
             be
             a
             Sword
             borne
             before
             the
             General
             ,
             and
             a
             Mace
             before
             the
             Speaker
             ,
             that
             they
             be
             oliged
             to
             wear
             Ducal
             Robes
             .
             And
             that
             what
             is
             said
             of
             the
             General
             in
             this
             proposition
             be
             understood
             only
             of
             the
             General
             sitting
             ,
             and
             not
             of
             the
             General
             marching
             .
          
           
             18.
             
             That
             the
             General
             sitting
             ,
             in
             case
             he
             be
             commanded
             to
             march
             ,
             receive
             field
             pay
             ;
             and
             that
             a
             new
             General
             be
             forthwith
             elected
             by
             the
             Senate
             to
             succeed
             him
             in
             the
             house
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             rights
             ,
             ensigns
             and
             emoluments
             of
             the
             General
             sitting
             ,
             and
             this
             so
             often
             as
             one
             or
             more
             Generals
             are
             marching
             .
          
           
             19.
             
             That
             the
             three
             Commissioners
             of
             the
             great
             Seal
             ,
             and
             the
             three
             Commissioners
             of
             the
             Treasury
             ,
             using
             their
             Ensigns
             and
             habite
             and
             performing
             their
             other
             functions
             as
             formerly
             ,
             be
             paid
             quarterly
             unto
             each
             of
             them
             three
             hundred
             seaventy
             five
             pounds
             .
          
           
             20.
             
             That
             the
             Censors
             govern
             the
             ballot
             ,
             that
             they
             be
             Presidents
             of
             the
             Counsel
             for
             Religion
             ,
             that
             each
             have
             a
             silver
             Wand
             for
             the
             ensigne
             of
             his
             Magistracy
             ,
             that
             each
             be
             paid
             quarterly
             three
             hundred
             seaventy
             five
             pound
             ,
             sand
             be
             obliged
             to
             wear
             scarlot
             Robes
             .
          
           
             21.
             
             That
             the
             General
             sitting
             ,
             the
             Speaker
             ,
             and
             the
             〈◊〉
             
             Commissioners
             abovesaid
             be
             the
             Signory
             of
             this
             Common-Wealth
             .
          
           
             22.
             
             That
             there
             be
             a
             Council
             of
             State
             consisting
             of
             fifteen
             Knights
             ,
             five
             out
             of
             each
             Order
             ,
             List
             ,
             or
             election
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             same
             be
             perpetuated
             by
             the
             annual
             election
             of
             five
             out
             of
             the
             new
             Knights
             or
             last
             elected
             into
             the
             Senate
             .
          
           
             23.
             
             That
             there
             be
             a
             Council
             for
             Religion
             consisting
             of
             twelve
             Knights
             ,
             four
             out
             of
             each
             Order
             ,
             and
             perpetuated
             by
             the
             annual
             election
             of
             four
             out
             of
             the
             Knights
             last
             elected
             into
             the
             Senate
             .
             That
             there
             be
             a
             Council
             for
             trade
             consisting
             of
             a
             like
             number
             ,
             elected
             and
             perpetuated
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             .
          
           
             24.
             
             That
             there
             be
             a
             Council
             of
             War
             not
             elected
             by
             the
             Senate
             ,
             but
             elected
             by
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             out
             of
             themselves
             .
             That
             this
             Council
             of
             War
             consist
             of
             nine
             Knights
             ,
             three
             out
             of
             each
             Order
             ,
             and
             be
             perpetuated
             by
             the
             annual
             election
             of
             three
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             last
             Knights
             elected
             into
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             .
          
           
             25.
             
             That
             in
             case
             the
             Senate
             add
             nine
             Knights
             more
             elected
             promiscuously
             ,
             or
             not
             promiscuously
             ,
             out
             of
             their
             own
             number
             ,
             unto
             the
             Council
             of
             War
             ,
             the
             said
             Council
             of
             War
             be
             understood
             by
             such
             addition
             ,
             to
             be
             Dictator
             of
             the
             Common-Wealth
             for
             the
             term
             of
             three
             Moneths
             and
             no
             longer
             ,
             except
             by
             farther
             Order
             of
             the
             Senate
             the
             said
             Dictatorian
             power
             be
             prolonged
             for
             a
             like
             term
             .
          
           
             26.
             
             That
             the
             Signiory
             have
             Session
             and
             suffrage
             ,
             with
             right
             also
             joyntly
             or
             severally
             to
             propose
             both
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             in
             all
             Senatorian
             Councils
             .
          
           
             27.
             
             That
             each
             of
             the
             three
             Orders
             or
             divisions
             of
             Knights
             ,
             in
             each
             Senatorian
             Council
             ,
             elect
             one
             Provost
             for
             the
             term
             of
             one
             Week
             ,
             and
             that
             any
             two
             Provosts
             of
             the
             same
             Council
             so
             elected
             ,
             may
             propose
             unto
             the
             same
             Council
             for
             their
             term
             and
             not
             otherwise
             .
          
           
             18.
             
             That
             some
             fair
             Room
             ,
             or
             Rooms
             well
             furnished
             ,
             and
             attended
             ,
             be
             allowed
             at
             the
             States
             charge
             ,
             for
             a
             free
             and
             open
             Academy
             unto
             all
             comers
             ,
             at
             some
             convenient
             hour
             ,
             or
             hours
             towards
             the
             Evening
             ;
             That
             this
             Academy
             be
             governed
             according
             unto
             the
             rules
             of
             good
             breeding
             ,
             or
             civil
             conversation
             
             by
             some
             one
             or
             more
             of
             the
             Provosts
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             this
             Academy
             it
             be
             lawfull
             for
             any
             Man
             by
             word
             of
             Mouth
             or
             by
             Writing
             ,
             in
             jest
             or
             in
             earnest
             ,
             to
             propose
             unto
             the
             Proposers
             .
          
           
             29.
             
             That
             for
             Ambassadors
             in
             Ordinary
             ,
             there
             be
             four
             Residences
             ,
             as
             
               France
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               Venice
               ,
            
             and
             
               Constantinople
               ;
            
             that
             every
             Resident
             upon
             elction
             of
             a
             new
             Embassador
             in
             Ordinary
             ,
             remove
             to
             the
             next
             Rsidence
             in
             the
             Order
             hereby
             mentioned
             ,
             till
             having
             served
             orderly
             in
             all
             the
             said
             Residences
             ,
             he
             return
             home
             ,
             that
             upon
             Monday
             next
             ensuing
             the
             last
             of
             
               November
               ,
            
             there
             be
             every
             second
             year
             elected
             by
             the
             Senate
             some
             six
             person
             being
             above
             twenty
             five
             and
             under
             thirty
             five
             years
             of
             Age
             ,
             and
             not
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             nor
             of
             the
             Popular
             assembly
             .
             That
             the
             party
             so
             elected
             ,
             repair
             on
             Monday
             next
             ensuing
             the
             last
             of
             
               March
            
             following
             ,
             as
             an
             Embassador
             in
             Ordinary
             unto
             the
             Court
             of
             
               France
               ,
            
             and
             there
             reside
             for
             the
             term
             of
             two
             years
             to
             be
             computed
             from
             the
             first
             of
             
               April
            
             next
             ensuing
             his
             election
             .
             That
             every
             Embassador
             in
             Ordinary
             ,
             be
             allowed
             three
             thousand
             pounds
             a
             year
             during
             the
             term
             of
             his
             residences
             .
             And
             that
             if
             a
             Resident
             come
             to
             dy
             ,
             there
             be
             an
             Extraordinary
             election
             into
             his
             Residence
             for
             his
             〈◊〉
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             remainder
             of
             his
             removes
             ,
             and
             progress
             .
          
           
             30.
             
             That
             all
             emergent
             elections
             be
             made
             by
             scrutiny
             ,
             that
             is
             by
             a
             Council
             ,
             or
             by
             Commissioners
             proposing
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Senate
             resolving
             in
             the
             manner
             following
             .
             That
             all
             Field
             Officers
             be
             proposed
             by
             the
             Council
             of
             War
             .
             That
             all
             Embassadors
             Extraordinary
             ,
             be
             proposed
             by
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             .
             That
             all
             Judges
             and
             Serjeants
             at
             Law
             ,
             be
             proposed
             by
             the
             Commissioners
             of
             the
             great
             Seal
             .
             That
             all
             Barons
             and
             officers
             of
             trust
             in
             the
             Exchequer
             be
             proposed
             by
             the
             Commissioners
             of
             the
             Treasury
             ,
             and
             that
             such
             of
             these
             as
             are
             thus
             proposed
             unto
             ,
             and
             approved
             by
             the
             Senate
             ,
             be
             held
             Lawfully
             elected
             .
          
           
             31.
             
             That
             the
             cognizance
             of
             all
             forein
             negotiation
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             matter
             of
             State
             to
             be
             considered
             ,
             or
             Law
             to
             be
             enacted
             ,
             whether
             Provincial
             or
             National
             ,
             Domestick
             or
             Forein
             ,
             appertain
             unto
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             .
             That
             all
             such
             affairs
             of
             like
             kind
             as
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             shall
             judge
             fit
             to
             be
             carryed
             with
             more
             than
             ordinary
             secrecy
             ,
             be
             committed
             by
             them
             ,
             and
             
             appertain
             unto
             the
             cognizance
             ,
             and
             trust
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             War
             ,
             to
             this
             end
             consisting
             of
             a
             〈…〉
             ,
             or
             Committee
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             .
             That
             the
             Cognizance
             ,
             and
             Protection
             ,
             both
             of
             the
             National
             Religion
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
             ,
             equally
             established
             in
             this
             Nation
             ,
             after
             the
             manner
             provided
             in
             the
             religious
             part
             of
             this
             Model
             ,
             appertain
             unto
             the
             Council
             for
             Religion
             .
             That
             all
             matter
             of
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             regulation
             of
             the
             same
             unto
             the
             Council
             for
             Trade
             .
             That
             in
             the
             exercise
             of
             these
             several
             Functions
             ,
             each
             being
             naturally
             Senatorian
             of
             Authoritative
             only
             ,
             no
             Council
             assume
             any
             other
             power
             ,
             than
             such
             only
             as
             shall
             be
             particularly
             or
             expresly
             estated
             upon
             the
             same
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             32.
             
             That
             what
             shall
             be
             Proposed
             unto
             the
             Senate
             by
             any
             one
             or
             more
             of
             the
             Signiory
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             Proposers
             General
             ;
             or
             what
             ever
             was
             Proposed
             by
             any
             two
             of
             the
             Provosts
             ,
             or
             particular
             Proposers
             unto
             their
             respective
             Council
             ;
             and
             upon
             debate
             at
             that
             Council
             shall
             come
             to
             be
             Proposed
             by
             the
             same
             unto
             the
             Senate
             ,
             be
             necessarily
             debatable
             ,
             and
             debated
             by
             the
             Senate
             .
          
           
             33.
             
             That
             in
             all
             cases
             wherein
             power
             is
             derived
             unto
             the
             Senate
             by
             Law
             made
             ,
             or
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             the
             〈◊〉
             of
             the
             Senate
             be
             ultimate
             ▪
             That
             in
             all
             Cases
             of
             Law
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             or
             not
             already
             provided
             for
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             as
             some
             particular
             Peace
             ,
             or
             War
             ,
             levy
             of
             men
             or
             mony
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             the
             result
             of
             the
             Senate
             be
             not
             ultimate
             ,
             but
             preparatory
             only
             ,
             and
             be
             Proposed
             by
             the
             Senate
             unto
             the
             Prerogative
             Tribe
             ,
             or
             Assembly
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             except
             only
             in
             Cases
             of
             such
             speed
             or
             secrecy
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Senate
             shall
             judge
             the
             necessary
             slowness
             ,
             or
             openness
             of
             like
             proceeding
             to
             be
             of
             detriment
             ,
             or
             danger
             unto
             the
             Common-wealth
             .
          
           
             34.
             
             That
             if
             upon
             the
             Motion●
             or
             Proposition
             of
             a
             Council
             ,
             or
             Proposer
             General
             ,
             the
             Senate
             adde
             nine
             Knights
             promiscuously
             ,
             or
             not
             promiscuously
             chosen
             out
             of
             their
             own
             number
             unto
             the
             Council
             of
             War
             ,
             the
             said
             Council
             of
             War
             ,
             be
             thereby
             made
             
               Dictator
               ,
            
             and
             have
             power
             of
             Life
             and
             Death
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             Enact
             Laws
             in
             all
             cases
             of
             speed
             or
             secrecy
             for
             and
             during
             the
             term
             of
             three
             moneths
             and
             no
             longer
             ,
             except
             upon
             new
             Order
             from
             the
             Senate
             :
             And
             that
             all
             Laws
             Enacted
             by
             the
             
             Dictator
             ,
             be
             good
             and
             valid
             for
             the
             term
             of
             one
             year
             ,
             and
             no
             longer
             ,
             except
             the
             same
             be
             Proposed
             by
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             resolved
             by
             the
             people
             .
          
           
             35.
             
             That
             the
             Burgesses
             of
             the
             Annual
             Election
             returned
             by
             the
             Tribes
             ,
             enter
             into
             the
             Prerogative
             Tribe
             upon
             Monday
             next
             ensuing
             the
             last
             of
             
               March
               ;
            
             and
             that
             the
             like
             number
             of
             Burgesses
             whose
             term
             is
             expired
             ,
             recede
             at
             the
             same
             time
             .
             That
             the
             Burgesses
             thus
             entred
             .
             Elect
             unto
             themselves
             out
             of
             their
             own
             number
             two
             of
             the
             Horse
             ,
             one
             to
             be
             Captain
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             to
             be
             Cornet
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             two
             of
             the
             Foot
             ,
             one
             to
             be
             Captain
             ,
             the
             other
             to
             be
             Ensign
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             each
             for
             the
             term
             of
             three
             years
             .
             That
             these
             Officers
             being
             thus
             Elected
             ,
             the
             whole
             Tribe
             or
             Assembly
             proceed
             to
             the
             Election
             of
             four
             Annual
             Magistrates
             ,
             two
             out
             of
             the
             Foot
             to
             be
             Tribunes
             of
             the
             Foot
             ,
             and
             two
             out
             of
             the
             Horse
             to
             be
             Tribunes
             of
             the
             Horse
             .
             That
             the
             Tribunes
             be
             Commanders
             of
             this
             Tribe
             in
             chief
             so
             far
             as
             it
             is
             a
             Military
             body
             ,
             and
             Presidents
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             a
             Civil
             Assembly
             .
             And
             lastly
             ,
             that
             this
             whole
             Tribe
             be
             paid
             weekly
             as
             followeth
             ,
             unto
             each
             of
             the
             Tribunes
             of
             the
             Horse
             seven
             pounds
             ,
             unto
             each
             of
             the
             Tribunes
             of
             Foot
             six
             pounds
             ,
             unto
             each
             of
             the
             Captains
             of
             Horse
             five
             pounds
             ,
             unto
             each
             of
             the
             Captains
             of
             Foot
             four
             pounds
             ,
             unto
             each
             of
             the
             Cornets
             three
             pounds
             ,
             unto
             each
             of
             the
             Ensignes
             two
             pounds
             seven
             shillings
             ,
             unto
             every
             Horseman
             one
             pound
             ten
             shillings
             ,
             and
             to
             every
             one
             of
             the
             Foot
             one
             pound
             .
          
           
             36.
             
             That
             inferiour
             Officers
             ,
             as
             Captains
             ,
             Cornets
             ,
             Ensignes
             ,
             be
             only
             for
             the
             Military
             Discipline
             of
             the
             Tribe
             ,
             That
             the
             Tribunes
             have
             Session
             in
             the
             Senate
             without
             suffrage
             .
             That
             of
             Course
             they
             have
             Session
             and
             suffrage
             in
             the
             Dictatorian
             Council
             ,
             so
             often
             as
             it
             is
             created
             by
             the
             Senate
             .
             That
             in
             all
             Cases
             to
             be
             adjudged
             by
             the
             People
             ,
             they
             be
             Presidents
             of
             the
             Court
             or
             judicatory
             .
          
           
             37.
             
             That
             Peculate
             or
             defraudation
             of
             the
             Publick
             ,
             and
             all
             Casts
             or
             Crimes
             tending
             to
             the
             subversion
             of
             the
             Government
             ,
             be
             tri●ble
             by
             the
             Prerogative
             Tribe
             ,
             or
             the
             Assembly
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             that
             unto
             the
             same
             there●y
             an
             appeal
             in
             all
             causes
             ,
             and
             from
             all
             Courts
             ,
             Magistrates
             ,
             or
             Councils
             ,
             National
             ,
             or
             Provincial
             .
          
           
           
             38.
             
             That
             the
             right
             of
             debate
             ,
             as
             also
             of
             Proposing
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             be
             wholly
             and
             only
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             without
             any
             power
             at
             all
             of
             result
             not
             deriv'd
             from
             the
             people
             ,
             and
             estated
             upon
             the
             Senate
             by
             act
             of
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             39.
             
             That
             the
             power
             of
             result
             be
             wholly
             and
             only
             in
             the
             People
             ,
             without
             any
             right
             at
             all
             of
             debate
             .
          
           
             40.
             
             That
             the
             Senate
             having
             debated
             and
             agreed
             upon
             a
             Law
             to
             be
             Proposed
             ,
             cause
             promulgation
             of
             the
             said
             Law
             to
             be
             made
             for
             the
             space
             of
             six
             weeks
             before
             Proposition
             ,
             (
             that
             is
             )
             cause
             the
             Law
             to
             be
             written
             fair
             ,
             and
             hung
             up
             for
             the
             time
             aforesaid
             ,
             in
             some
             of
             the
             most
             eminent
             places
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Suburbs
             .
          
           
             41.
             
             That
             promulgation
             being
             made
             ,
             the
             Signiory
             demand
             of
             the
             Tribunes
             fitting
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             at
             Assembly
             of
             the
             People
             .
             That
             the
             Tribunes
             upon
             such
             demand
             of
             the
             Signiory
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             be
             obliged
             to
             assemble
             the
             Prerogative
             Tribe
             in
             Arms
             by
             sound
             of
             Trumpet
             ,
             with
             Drums
             beating
             ,
             and
             Colours
             flying
             ,
             in
             any
             Town
             ,
             Field
             ,
             or
             Market-place
             ,
             being
             not
             above
             six
             miles
             distant
             ,
             upon
             the
             day
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             hour
             appointed
             ,
             except
             the
             meeting
             through
             inconvenience
             of
             the
             weather
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             be
             prorogued
             by
             consent
             of
             the
             Signiory
             and
             of
             the
             Tribunes
             .
             That
             the
             Prerogative
             Tribe
             being
             assembled
             accordingly
             ,
             the
             Senate
             propose
             to
             them
             by
             two
             or
             more
             of
             the
             Senatorian
             Magistrates
             thereunto
             appointed
             ,
             at
             the
             first
             promulgation
             of
             the
             Law
             .
             That
             the
             Proposers
             for
             the
             Senate
             open
             unto
             the
             People
             the
             occasion
             ,
             motives
             ,
             and
             reasons
             of
             the
             Senate
             for
             the
             Law
             to
             be
             proposed
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             same
             being
             done
             ,
             they
             put
             the
             Law
             or
             Proposition
             by
             distinct
             clauses
             unto
             the
             Ballot
             of
             the
             people
             .
             That
             if
             any
             material
             clause
             or
             clanses
             of
             the
             Proposition
             ,
             or
             Law
             so
             Proposed
             ,
             be
             rejected
             by
             the
             People
             ,
             the
             clause
             or
             clauses
             so
             rejected
             may
             be
             reviewed
             ,
             altered
             ,
             and
             Proposed
             again
             unto
             the
             third
             time
             ,
             if
             the
             Senate
             think
             fit
             ,
             but
             no
             oftner
             .
          
           
             42.
             
             That
             what
             is
             thus
             Proposed
             by
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             resolved
             by
             the
             People
             ,
             be
             the
             Law
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             and
             no
             other
             ,
             except
             what
             is
             already
             received
             as
             such
             ,
             or
             reserved
             unto
             the
             Dictatorian
             Council
             .
          
           
             34.
             
             That
             every
             Magistracy
             ,
             office
             ,
             or
             election
             throughout
             
             this
             whole
             Common-Wealth
             ,
             whether
             annual
             or
             triennial
             ,
             be
             understood
             of
             course
             or
             consequence
             to
             injoyn
             an
             interval
             or
             vacation
             equal
             unto
             the
             term
             of
             the
             same
             .
             That
             the
             Magistracy
             or
             office
             of
             a
             Knight
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             Burgess
             ,
             be
             in
             this
             relation
             understood
             as
             one
             and
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             that
             this
             order
             regard
             only
             such
             elections
             as
             are
             National
             or
             Domestick
             ,
             and
             not
             such
             as
             are
             Forein
             ,
             or
             contained
             in
             the
             P●ovincial
             parts
             of
             this
             Model
             .
          
           
             44.
             
             That
             for
             an
             Exception
             from
             this
             rule
             ,
             where
             there
             is
             but
             one
             Elder
             of
             the
             Horse
             in
             one
             and
             the
             same
             Parish
             ,
             that
             Elder
             be
             eligible
             in
             the
             same
             without
             interval
             ,
             and
             where
             there
             be
             above
             foure
             Elders
             of
             the
             Horse
             in
             one
             and
             the
             same
             Parish
             ,
             there
             be
             not
             above
             half
             ,
             nor
             under
             two
             of
             them
             eligible
             at
             the
             same
             election
             .
          
           
             45.
             
             That
             throughout
             all
             the
             Assemblies
             &
             Councils
             of
             this
             Common-Wealth
             ,
             the
             Quorum
             consist
             of
             one
             half
             in
             the
             time
             of
             health
             ,
             and
             of
             one
             third
             part
             in
             a
             time
             of
             sickness
             ,
             being
             so
             declared
             by
             the
             Senate
             .
          
           
             The
             use
             of
             the
             Ballot
             ,
             being
             as
             full
             of
             prolixity
             and
             abstruseness
             in
             writing
             ,
             as
             of
             dispatch
             and
             facility
             in
             practice
             ,
             is
             presumed
             throughout
             all
             elections
             and
             results
             in
             this
             Model
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             rest
             referr'd
             rather
             unto
             practice
             than
             writing
             .
             There
             remain
             the
             Relgions
             ,
             Military
             
               and
            
             Provincial
             parts
             of
             this
             
               frame
               .
               But
            
             the
             civil
             Part
             being
             approv'd
             ,
             they
             follow
             ,
             or
             being
             not
             approv'd
             ,
             may
             be
             spared
             .
          
        
      
       
       
         
           CONCLVSION
           OR
           The
           use
           of
           these
           PROPOSITIONS
           .
        
         
           THese
           propositions
           are
           so
           layd
           out
           to
           debate
           or
           examination
           ,
           that
           a
           man
           having
           the
           mind
           to
           weigh
           discourse
           upon
           ,
           or
           object
           against
           this
           Model
           ,
           may
           do
           it
           in
           the
           parts
           with
           the
           most
           convenience
           .
        
         
           Any
           examination
           of
           ,
           or
           objection
           against
           the
           whole
           ,
           or
           any
           part
           in
           print
           or
           in
           writing
           ,
           the
           Author
           holdeth
           himself
           bound
           to
           acknowlege
           ,
           or
           answer
           :
           But
           as
           to
           meer
           discourse
           upon
           matters
           of
           this
           compass
           it
           is
           usually
           narrow
           :
           besides
           that
           in
           writing
           a
           Man
           must
           put
           himself
           upon
           hetter
           aym
           ,
           than
           he
           can
           be
           obliged
           to
           take
           in
           discourse
           .
        
         
           Any
           one
           objection
           lying
           in
           writing
           against
           any
           one
           Order
           in
           this
           part
           of
           the
           Model
           ,
           after
           such
           manner
           as
           to
           shew
           that
           the
           part
           or
           Order
           so
           invaded
           ought
           to
           be
           expunged
           ,
           altered
           ,
           or
           amended
           ,
           unless
           it
           may
           be
           expunged
           ,
           altered
           ,
           or
           amended
           accordingly
           ,
           destroyeth
           the
           whole
           .
        
         
           And
           any
           one
           or
           more
           objections
           so
           lying
           against
           any
           one
           or
           more
           of
           these
           orders
           or
           propositions
           ,
           that
           thereby
           they
           may
           be
           expunged
           ,
           altered
           or
           amended
           ,
           must
           in
           the
           whole
           or
           in
           part
           make
           a
           better
           Model
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           case
           therefore
           ,
           or
           in
           case
           no
           Objection
           ly
           ,
           the
           use
           of
           these
           propositions
           will
           be
           such
           ,
           as
           thereby
           any
           Man
           or
           any
           assembly
           of
           men
           ,
           considering
           or
           debating
           upon
           them
           in
           order
           ,
           may
           find
           or
           make
           a
           true
           Model
           of
           a
           well-ordered
           Common-Wealth
           .
        
         
         
           And
           that
           an
           Assembly
           can
           never
           make
           ,
           or
           frame
           a
           Model
           of
           any
           Government
           otherwise
           than
           in
           some
           such
           manner
           ,
           is
           proveable
           first
           by
           a
           Demonstration
           from
           the
           effect
           ;
           and
           secondly
           by
           a
           Demonstration
           from
           the
           cause
           .
        
         
           The
           demonstration
           from
           the
           effect
           is
           ,
           that
           an
           Assembly
           no
           otherwise
           frameth
           a
           Law
           ,
           or
           Order
           ,
           than
           by
           having
           it
           first
           penned
           by
           some
           one
           man
           ,
           and
           then
           judging
           upon
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           Model
           of
           a
           Common-wealth
           must
           consist
           of
           many
           Laws
           or
           Orders
           .
        
         
           The
           demonstration
           from
           the
           cause
           is
           ,
           that
           whereas
           reason
           consisteth
           of
           two
           parts
           ,
           the
           one
           Invention
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Judgement
           ,
           a
           man
           may
           be
           as
           far
           beyond
           any
           Assembly
           for
           Invention
           ,
           as
           any
           Assembly
           can
           be
           beyond
           a
           man
           for
           Judgement
           ;
           or
           which
           is
           more
           ,
           that
           the
           formation
           of
           a
           Model
           of
           Government
           requireth
           a
           strong
           faculty
           of
           Invention
           ,
           and
           that
           an
           Assembly
           is
           naturally
           voyd
           of
           all
           manner
           of
           Invention
           .
        
         
           〈…〉
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
             LONDON
             ,
          
           Printed
           for
           
             Daniel
             Pakeman
             ,
          
           at
           the
           
             Rain-bow
          
           in
           
             Fleet-street
             ,
          
           1659.