The vvarres of Svvethland With the ground and originall of the said vvarres, begun and continued betwixt Sigismond King of Poland, and Duke Charles his vnkle, lately crowned King of Swethland. As also the state and condition of that kingdome, as it standeth to this day.
         Nixon, Anthony.
      
       
         
           1609
        
      
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             The vvarres of Svvethland With the ground and originall of the said vvarres, begun and continued betwixt Sigismond King of Poland, and Duke Charles his vnkle, lately crowned King of Swethland. As also the state and condition of that kingdome, as it standeth to this day.
             Nixon, Anthony.
          
           [54] p.
           
             Printed [by J. Windet] for Nathaniel Butter, dvvewlling in Pauls Church-yard by Saint Austins gate,
             London :
             1609.
          
           
             Dedication signed: Anth. Nixon.
             Printer's name from STC.
             Signatures: A⁴ (-A4) a⁴ (-a⁴) B-F⁴ G² (-G2).
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Swedish-Polish War, 1617-1629 -- Early works to 1800.
           Poland -- History -- 17th century -- Early works to 1800.
           Sweden -- History -- 17th century -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           WARRES
           OF
           SWETHLAND
           .
           WITH
           THE
           GROVND
           AND
           Originall
           of
           the
           said
           VVarres
           ,
           begun
           and
           continued
           betwixt
           SIGISMOND
           King
           of
           Poland
           ,
           and
           Duke
           CHARLES
           his
           Vnkle
           ,
           lately
           Crowned
           King
           of
           Swethland
           .
           As
           also
           the
           State
           and
           condition
           of
           that
           Kingdome
           ,
           as
           it
           standeth
           to
           this
           day
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           .
           Printed
           for
           
             Nathaniel
             Butter
          
           ,
           dwelling
           in
           Pauls
           Church-yard
           by
           Saint
           Austins
           Gate
           .
           1609.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           RIGHT
           HONOVRABLE
           AND
           Most
           Noble
           minded
           louer
           of
           Learning
           PHILIP
           ,
           Earle
           of
           Mongomerie
           .
        
         
           SVch
           (
           Right
           Honourable
           )
           as
           haue
           purposed
           to
           please
           Hector
           ,
           haue
           still
           presented
           him
           ,
           with
           Horse
           and
           Armour
           ,
           because
           his
           chiefest
           delight
           was
           in
           Martiall
           Discipline
           ,
           and
           such
           oblations
           best
           fitted
           his
           humour
           .
           For
           by
           this
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           presidents
           is
           noted
           ,
           how
           all
           haue
           sought
           in
           their
           presents
           to
           keepe
           a
           Decorum
           :
           Hauing
           therefore
           composed
           this
           little
           Treatise
           that
           concernes
           the
           dessignes
           of
           two
           Kingdoms
           :
           I
           haue
           thought
           good
           (
           aduenturing
           the
           Pardon
           of
           your
           Lordships
           discretion
           )
           to
           passe
           the
           same
           vnder
           your
           Honourable
           N●me
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           that
           your
           Expe●ience
           is
           already
           
           knowne
           to
           be
           sufficiently
           instructed
           in
           the
           affaires
           of
           our
           owne
           Countrey
           :
           Being
           descended
           of
           most
           Honourable
           Parents
           ,
           educated
           in
           the
           most
           liberal
           Sciences
           ,
           and
           mannaged
           in
           one
           of
           the
           most
           Royall
           and
           famous
           Courts
           of
           Europe
           .
           As
           also
           for
           that
           the
           custome
           of
           Honorable
           dispositions
           ,
           hath
           alwayes
           (
           next
           after
           that
           )
           labored
           the
           knowledge
           and
           insight
           of
           forraine
           Estates
           and
           cōditions
           .
           That
           they
           may
           not
           only
           deserue
           well
           of
           their
           owne
           Countrey
           ,
           by
           this
           their
           industrie
           ,
           but
           also
           spread
           their
           owne
           fame
           ,
           as
           farre
           as
           their
           Countrey
           is
           knowen
           .
        
         
           Your
           owne
           worth
           is
           the
           principall
           motiue
           that
           emboldens
           me
           to
           shroude
           it
           vnder
           your
           Patronage
           ,
           as
           one
           that
           is
           a
           fautor
           and
           fauourer
           of
           vertuous
           Actions
           ,
           and
           whose
           Honourable
           loues
           growne
           from
           the
           generall
           applause
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           for
           your
           high
           desert
           ,
           may
           keepe
           it
           from
           the
           malice
           of
           bitter
           tongues
           .
        
         
           Commaunded
           thus
           with
           this
           consideration
           ,
           I
           presume
           to
           present
           my
           Booke
           vnto
           your
           Lordship
           :
           And
           humbly
           intreate
           ,
           your
           Honour
           will
           bee
           pleased
           to
           vouch
           of
           my
           Labors
           and
           fauour
           a
           Schollers
           penne
           
           with
           your
           gracious
           acceptation
           ,
           who
           answeres
           in
           affection
           ,
           what
           hee
           wants
           in
           eloquence
           .
           So
           shall
           I
           rest
           deuoted
           vnto
           you
           ,
           and
           bestow
           my
           future
           Studies
           to
           effect
           matter
           of
           better
           deseruing
           ,
           Euer
           remaining
        
         
           
             Your
             Honours
             most
             humble
             affectionate
             .
             
               ANTH.
               NIXON
            
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           The
           true
           Copie
           of
           a
           Letter
           Certificatorie
           ,
           written
           in
           commendation
           of
           Captaine
           King
           of
           Ratcliffe
           ,
           M.
           
             VVilliam
             Bardwell
          
           and
           
             Alexander
             Child
          
           of
           Redriffe
           ,
           Masters
           of
           three
           Shipps
           of
           London
           ,
           for
           their
           memorable
           seruice
           against
           the
           Swethens
           ,
           being
           thereto
           compelled
           in
           Summer
           last
           ,
           1608.
           
        
         
           
             IOhannes
             Carolus
             Chodkiewich
          
           Earle
           of
           
             Seckloro
             Bychor
          
           ,
           and
           of
           Misra
           ,
           Captaine
           of
           Samogitia
           and
           Porpatie
           ,
           Generall
           Commissioner
           of
           Lyffeland
           ,
           and
           chiefe
           Generall
           of
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           great
           Dukedome
           of
           Lytawe
           .
           To
           all
           and
           singular
           ,
           to
           whome
           it
           may
           appertaine
           ,
           or
           that
           shall
           reade
           these
           Presents
           ,
           I
           doe
           let
           to
           weet
           ,
           that
           whereas
           
             VVilliam
             Bardwell
             ,
             VVilliam
             King
          
           ,
           and
           
             Alexander
             Childe
          
           English
           Gentlemen
           ,
           came
           
           with
           three
           Shippes
           at
           Riga
           ,
           when
           the
           Earle
           of
           Mansfielde
           Generall
           of
           the
           Army
           of
           Duke
           
             Charles
             Suderman
          
           ,
           periniuriously
           breaking
           the
           Truce
           ,
           made
           warre
           in
           Lyffeland
           ,
           I
           helde
           them
           there
           ,
           and
           employed
           them
           in
           the
           seruice
           of
           Warre
           for
           the
           most
           excellent
           King
           of
           Poland
           ,
           my
           most
           gratious
           Lord
           ,
           and
           they
           vndertooke
           to
           defend
           the
           Dunn
           ,
           wherein
           they
           did
           behaue
           themselues
           very
           faithfully
           ,
           manfully
           and
           valiantly
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           said
           Earle
           of
           Mansfield
           was
           often
           by
           them
           driuen
           backe
           againe
           to
           his
           great
           losse
           and
           shame
           ,
           and
           likewise
           hee
           was
           often
           assaulted
           by
           them
           ,
           so
           that
           hee
           lost
           not
           onely
           his
           strength
           of
           men
           and
           his
           courage
           ,
           but
           also
           lost
           some
           Shippes
           with
           many
           men
           and
           goods
           ,
           which
           the
           saide
           Englishmen
           with
           a
           memorable
           courage
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           notable
           glory
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           ,
           did
           set
           on
           fire
           and
           burne
           .
           And
           therefore
           I
           haue
           thought
           good
           to
           grant
           vnto
           them
           this
           Testimoniall
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           they
           may
           haue
           great
           thanks
           for
           their
           deserts
           ,
           purchased
           by
           their
           good
           renowne
           and
           name
           ▪
           and
           that
           others
           may
           see
           ,
           that
           as
           fame
           &
           immortality
           belongeth
           chiefly
           to
           noble
           minds
           ,
           so
           also
           it
           is
           gotten
           by
           vertuous
           and
           valiant
           deedes
           :
        
         
           
             Written
             in
             the
             Campe
             at
             
             the
             new
             Mill
             in
             Lyffeland
             
               the
               seauenteenth
               of
               Nouember
               ,
               
                 Anno
                 Domini
                 1608.
              
               
            
          
           
             And
             is
             subscribed
             by
             
               Iohannes
               Carolus
               Chodkiewicke
               ,
               manu
               propria
               ,
            
             and
             sealed
             with
             a
             Seale
             in
             Redde
             waxe
             ,
             Printed
             thereupon
             ,
             
               Ita
               testatur
            
             Carolus
             Demetrius
             ,
             
               Notarius
               Publicus
            
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           ORIGINALL
           GROVND
           OF
           The
           present
           Warres
           of
           Swethen
           .
        
         
           
             Chap.
             I.
             The
             daungerous
             plots
             laid
             against
             Gustovus
             in
             the
             life
             time
             of
             his
             Father
             :
             His
             flight
             to
             Lubeck
             in
             Germanie
             in
             the
             habite
             of
             a
             slaue
             ,
             His
             strange
             entertainment
             there
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             THis
             is
             like
             a
             briefe
             Cronicle
             ,
             that
             comprehends
             in
             it
             much
             matter
             in
             few
             lines
             ,
             and
             various
             businesse
             in
             little
             circumstance
             .
             It
             presents
             to
             your
             reading
             the
             dessignes
             ,
             and
             affaires
             of
             a
             spatious
             kingdome
             ,
             and
             reacheth
             to
             the
             beginning
             of
             many
             yéeres
             past
             .
             Understand
             therefore
             that
             the
             Countrey
             of
             Swethen
             ,
             before
             if
             was
             aduanc'd
             to
             the
             dignitie
             of
             a
             kingdome
             ,
             by
             the
             allowance
             of
             thē
             Empire
             ,
             and
             generall
             consent
             of
             their
             owne
             State
             ,
             was
             a
             long
             time
             gouerned
             by
             the
             authority
             of
             foure
             Dukes
             ,
             bearing
             the
             Titles
             of
             the
             foure
             Prouinces
             ,
             into
             which
             the
             Country
             is
             deuided
             ,
             The
             first
             is
             the
             Dukedome
             of
             Doland
             ,
             hauing
             in
             it
             
             a
             Regall
             Castle
             ,
             called
             Vpsale
             ,
             where
             the
             kings
             of
             Swethland
             be
             Crowned
             and
             buried
             .
             The
             second
             is
             the
             Dukedome
             of
             Newland
             ,
             where
             the
             Castle
             of
             Newkeeping
             stands
             .
             The
             third
             is
             the
             Dukedome
             of
             Finland
             ,
             where
             the
             Dukes
             seat
             is
             called
             ,
             Oua
             Castle
             .
             The
             fourth
             is
             Warmland
             ,
             where
             stands
             the
             Castle
             of
             Wasten
             vpon
             the
             Mediterrenian
             Sea
             ;
             being
             the
             strength
             ,
             and
             Bulwarke
             of
             the
             kingdome
             .
             The
             Countrey
             being
             (
             as
             I
             say
             )
             a
             long
             time
             ruled
             by
             these
             foure
             Dukes
             ,
             in
             the
             kind
             of
             an
             Aristocratie
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             The
             gouerment
             of
             the
             Nobilitie
             ,
             as
             was
             the
             gouernement
             of
             the
             first
             and
             former
             Romane
             Peeres
             and
             Consuls
             :
             was
             in
             the
             end
             of
             the
             Raigne
             of
             Henrie
             7.
             
             King
             of
             England
             ,
             made
             a
             Monarchie
             or
             kingly
             gouernment
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             Monarke
             or
             King
             hereof
             ,
             was
             called
             Gismond
             .
             whose
             Sonne
             ,
             named
             Gustovus
             succéeded
             his
             Father
             in
             the
             Kingdome
             .
             This
             Gustovus
             (
             being
             in
             the
             life
             time
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Doland
             )
             was
             a
             Prince
             very
             absolute
             ,
             both
             in
             the
             perfections
             of
             his
             body
             ,
             and
             his
             mind
             ,
             excellently
             composed
             in
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             honorably
             disposed
             in
             the
             other
             .
             Of
             an
             indifferent
             stature
             ,
             neither
             too
             high
             ,
             nor
             too
             low
             .
             His
             complexion
             sanguine
             ,
             his
             haire
             bright
             ,
             his
             countenance
             chéerefull
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             to
             looke
             vpon
             ,
             full
             of
             grace
             ,
             and
             Maiestie
             .
             In
             warre
             stout
             ,
             and
             industrious
             ,
             in
             Counsell
             wise
             and
             full
             of
             respect
             ,
             in
             the
             Court
             he
             carried
             such
             a
             Port
             and
             State
             ,
             as
             attracted
             all
             eyes
             to
             gaze
             vpon
             him
             .
             In
             priuate
             places
             full
             of
             affabilitie
             and
             delightsome
             recreation
             :
             To
             conclude
             ,
             it
             seemed
             that
             Nature
             and
             vertue
             had
             both
             ioynd
             together
             to
             frame
             in
             him
             the
             most
             absolute
             patterne
             of
             a
             Prince
             in
             his
             time
             .
             But
             as
             no
             excellency
             whatsoeuer
             is
             without
             malignant
             opposites
             ,
             so
             this
             Prince
             found
             that
             olde
             saying
             to
             bee
             true
             ,
             
               Virtutis
               comes
               inuidia
               ,
               plerunque
               bonos
               insectatur
               .
            
             For
             the
             Dukes
             of
             the
             other
             Thrée
             Prouinces
             ,
             being
             ioynd
             with
             him
             in
             Commission
             (
             for
             you
             must
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             the
             foure
             Dukes
             did
             still
             retaine
             their
             titles
             ,
             and
             authoritie
             vnder
             the
             King
             ,
             as
             the
             Senate
             of
             Rome
             did
             theirs
             vnder
             the
             Soueraintie
             of
             Caesar
             ,
             though
             it
             were
             subordinate
             :
             )
             The
             other
             
             thrée
             (
             I
             say
             )
             enuying
             that
             greatnesse
             ,
             loue
             ,
             and
             opinion
             ,
             which
             his
             vertues
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Nobiliti●e
             of
             his
             blood
             had
             got
             him
             ,
             sought
             by
             many
             deuises
             to
             betray
             him
             ,
             whom
             no
             honourable
             mind
             ,
             but
             would
             haue
             defended
             ,
             and
             to
             this
             end
             ,
             they
             bent
             all
             their
             courses
             :
             A
             plot
             (
             no
             doubt
             )
             ful
             of
             honour
             and
             regard
             vnto
             the
             State
             ,
             the
             proiect
             whereof
             was
             either
             the
             murther
             ,
             or
             disinheritance
             of
             so
             lawfull
             a
             Prince
             ;
             Falshood
             and
             Enuie
             the
             accusers
             ,
             Suggession
             and
             Subornation
             the
             informers
             .
             Thus
             was
             the
             plot
             laid
             ,
             The
             Quéene
             (
             being
             mother
             in
             law
             of
             Gustovus
             ,
             and
             hauing
             a
             Sonne
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             borne
             since
             the
             kingdome
             was
             erected
             )
             as
             farre
             as
             she
             durst
             (
             for
             she
             yet
             feared
             the
             greatnesse
             of
             Gustovus
             )
             did
             many
             times
             buze
             matters
             of
             iealousie
             and
             suspition
             into
             the
             Kings
             eares
             ,
             of
             his
             sonnes
             cariage
             of
             himself
             in
             the
             kingdom
             ,
             which
             at
             first
             he
             did
             not
             either
             beleeue
             ,
             or
             dissemble
             .
             The
             thrée
             Dukes
             knowing
             the
             Quéenes
             mind
             towards
             the
             Prince
             ,
             added
             fuell
             to
             her
             fire
             ,
             alledging
             that
             she
             should
             neuer
             finde
             a
             sure
             estab●ishment
             for
             her selfe
             and
             her
             sonne
             in
             the
             kingdome
             ,
             if
             Gustovus
             were
             not
             made
             away
             .
             The
             heart
             ,
             that
             before
             began
             to
             burne
             with
             this
             desire
             ,
             was
             now
             more
             incensed
             ,
             hauing
             those
             thrée
             Noblemen
             ,
             the
             principall
             Counsellours
             of
             State
             in
             the
             kingdome
             ,
             to
             further
             her
             intendments
             .
             The
             Quéene
             being
             throughly
             instructed
             by
             the
             Lords
             ,
             takes
             the
             aduantage
             of
             time
             ,
             in
             her
             complaint
             to
             the
             king
             ,
             Tels
             him
             that
             his
             sonne
             aspired
             ,
             and
             would
             shortly
             aspire
             against
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             affected
             popularitie
             ,
             receiued
             like
             Absolom
             his
             subiects
             Petitions
             ,
             not
             in
             loue
             ,
             but
             Ambition
             :
             That
             he
             kept
             a
             Court
             ,
             and
             Port
             greater
             then
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             that
             all
             his
             actions
             did
             more
             sauour
             of
             Soueraigntie
             ,
             then
             subiection
             .
             The
             Lords
             ,
             they
             second
             the
             Quéene
             in
             her
             vniust
             information
             ,
             alleadge
             matters
             probable
             to
             confirme
             it
             ,
             The
             King
             beleeues
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             error
             thereof
             ,
             hates
             Truth
             ,
             imbraceth
             Treason
             .
             Thus
             all
             being
             inuerted
             ,
             Nature
             rebels
             in
             the
             Father
             ,
             but
             Loyaltie
             remaines
             in
             the
             Sonne
             ▪
             The
             plot
             was
             hereupon
             laid
             for
             his
             apprehension
             ,
             Gustovus
             being
             then
             at
             Court
             ,
             who
             noting
             a
             straunge
             alteration
             in
             his
             Fathers
             
             countenance
             towards
             him
             ,
             began
             to
             suspect
             the
             drift
             of
             the
             Queene
             ,
             vpon
             the
             distrust
             of
             the
             Noblemen
             about
             her
             :
             Himselfe
             being
             almost
             abandoned
             ,
             deuiseth
             with
             himselfe
             how
             to
             auoyd
             the
             daunger
             .
             A
             Gentleman
             of
             the
             Kings
             ,
             comes
             secretly
             to
             Gustovus
             ,
             and
             tels
             him
             that
             the
             plot
             was
             laid
             that
             night
             ,
             for
             his
             Attainder
             .
             The
             Prince
             being
             amazed
             at
             the
             suddaine
             immiuence
             of
             such
             a
             perill
             ,
             posteth
             presently
             from
             the
             Court
             with
             a
             few
             of
             his
             Retinew
             ,
             and
             the
             next
             day
             recouers
             his
             Dukedome
             of
             Doland
             ,
             where
             he
             meant
             to
             stay
             ,
             till
             he
             heard
             further
             of
             the
             Kings
             proceedings
             .
             His
             departure
             was
             soone
             made
             knowne
             ,
             at
             which
             the
             Queene
             ,
             and
             the
             Lords
             (
             though
             they
             mist
             of
             their
             purpose
             )
             were
             not
             much
             sorry
             ,
             foreknowing
             that
             his
             suddaine
             flight
             from
             the
             Court
             in
             that
             manner
             ,
             would
             strongly
             confirme
             their
             accusation
             .
             The
             King
             by
             them
             againe
             is
             incensed
             ,
             and
             messengers
             sent
             into
             Doland
             ,
             by
             whom
             the
             Prince
             was
             Summoned
             by
             a
             certaine
             day
             to
             make
             his
             appearance
             in
             Vpsale
             Castle
             :
             which
             the
             Prince
             refuseth
             to
             doe
             :
             affirming
             by
             his
             submissiue
             Letters
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             that
             though
             he
             knew
             his
             cause
             to
             bee
             iust
             ,
             and
             his
             heart
             loyall
             ,
             no
             probable
             suspition
             of
             any
             misdemenour
             from
             him
             ,
             either
             in
             act
             ,
             or
             intent
             ,
             that
             yet
             neuerthelesse
             he
             durst
             not
             hazard
             his
             life
             in
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             kings
             displeasure
             ,
             for
             that
             he
             knew
             his
             aduersaries
             were
             so
             great
             in
             power
             ,
             and
             in
             so
             gratious
             account
             ,
             that
             it
             would
             be
             an
             easie
             matter
             to
             haue
             his
             Maiesties
             grace
             ,
             and
             Nature
             her selfe
             peruerted
             to
             his
             vntimely
             and
             vniust
             destruction
             :
             And
             that
             the
             onely
             cause
             why
             he
             retired
             himselfe
             into
             his
             owne
             Countrey
             ,
             was
             to
             stay
             the
             time
             ,
             vntill
             these
             mists
             of
             his
             Maiesties
             iealousie
             and
             suspition
             were
             blowen
             away
             ,
             that
             the
             Sunne
             of
             his
             alleagiance
             might
             shine
             cleere
             ,
             farre
             from
             the
             cloudes
             of
             all
             distrust
             ,
             or
             disloyaltie
             .
             This
             answere
             being
             returned
             ,
             but
             not
             accepted
             ,
             the
             King
             by
             the
             Queenes
             continuall
             instigations
             was
             more
             ,
             and
             more
             prouokt
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             a
             great
             power
             was
             suddenly
             raised
             to
             fetch
             him
             by
             violence
             out
             of
             his
             Dukedome
             .
             Which
             the
             Prince
             perceiuing
             ,
             and
             being
             neither
             able
             ,
             nor
             willing
             to
             resist
             his
             Fathers
             forces
             ,
             giues
             way
             
             to
             necessitie
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             habite
             of
             a
             slaue
             ,
             purposeth
             secretly
             to
             goe
             into
             Germanie
             .
             And
             hauing
             past
             some
             daungers
             in
             his
             flight
             by
             the
             Kings
             pursuers
             ,
             at
             last
             he
             crossed
             the
             seas
             ,
             and
             holding
             on
             his
             course
             for
             Lubeck
             in
             Germany
             ,
             not
             many
             dayes
             safely
             arriued
             there
             ,
             All
             this
             while
             he
             kept
             his
             disguise
             ,
             for
             though
             he
             knew
             that
             the
             Lubeckers
             were
             heretofore
             beholding
             to
             him
             ,
             yet
             he
             doubted
             what
             minds
             they
             would
             put
             on
             in
             this
             chaunge
             of
             fortune
             ,
             Remembring
             Pompeyes
             vsage
             in
             his
             flight
             by
             Ptolomie
             King
             of
             Egypt
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             of
             Hanniball
             by
             Prusius
             king
             of
             Bithinia
             .
          
        
         
           
             Chap.
             II.
             Gustovus
             is
             discouered
             in
             Lubecke
             :
             The
             Lubeckers
             take
             his
             part
             ,
             The
             King
             his
             Father
             dies
             ,
             He
             recouers
             by
             their
             meanes
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Swethland
             .
          
           
             THe
             newes
             (
             being
             arriued
             in
             Germany
             )
             of
             Gu●tovus
             his
             flight
             out
             of
             Swethland
             ,
             before
             his
             comming
             thither
             ,
             was
             diuersly
             intertained
             in
             Lubeck
             :
             Some
             pittied
             the
             state
             and
             condition
             of
             the
             young
             Prince
             ,
             that
             so
             Noble
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             so
             full
             of
             hope
             ,
             and
             expectation
             ,
             euen
             in
             the
             prime
             of
             his
             youth
             ,
             should
             in
             this
             vile
             manner
             suffer
             violence
             :
             Others
             spake
             against
             him
             ,
             supposing
             that
             his
             owne
             naturall
             Father
             ,
             and
             others
             of
             his
             blood
             ,
             would
             not
             in
             this
             manner
             haue
             proceeded
             against
             him
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             not
             showne
             himselfe
             dangerous
             vnto
             the
             State
             ,
             as
             the
             mindes
             of
             the
             people
             are
             in
             this
             case
             diuersly
             distracted
             .
             The
             Prince
             after
             his
             comming
             to
             Lubeck
             staied
             certaine
             dayes
             in
             a
             common
             Inne
             ,
             not
             daring
             to
             discouer
             himselfe
             ,
             and
             to
             auoid
             the
             suspition
             of
             a
             stranger
             in
             such
             common
             places
             ,
             found
             meanes
             to
             preferre
             himselfe
             vnto
             a
             rich
             Merchant
             of
             the
             Towne
             (
             if
             such
             a
             place
             in
             the
             meanenesse
             of
             his
             fortune
             at
             that
             time
             may
             be
             called
             preferment
             .
             )
             Being
             there
             entertained
             ,
             he
             contented
             himselfe
             to
             doe
             any
             bodily
             labour
             
             in
             the
             house
             ,
             striuing
             to
             suite
             his
             minde
             vnto
             his
             misery
             ,
             yet
             could
             hee
             not
             so
             well
             counterfeit
             this
             part
             of
             his
             sinister
             fortune
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             Merchant
             did
             soone
             suppose
             him
             to
             be
             a
             better
             man
             ,
             then
             hee
             seemed
             to
             bee
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             the
             man
             hee
             was
             .
             So
             hard
             a
             thing
             it
             is
             for
             Nature
             to
             learne
             to
             forget
             her
             custome
             .
             Staying
             some
             few
             moneths
             in
             the
             Merchants
             house
             ,
             hee
             heard
             of
             a
             Gasant
             sent
             from
             the
             king
             to
             the
             State
             of
             Lubeck
             ,
             being
             supposed
             hee
             would
             bend
             his
             course
             thither
             .
             The
             tenor
             of
             the
             Gasants
             message
             ,
             was
             to
             deliuer
             to
             the
             Lubeckers
             that
             the
             kings
             desire
             was
             ,
             that
             either
             they
             should
             not
             entertaine
             him
             at
             al
             ,
             or
             els
             send
             him
             backe
             to
             Swethland
             ,
             for
             that
             hee
             was
             knowen
             and
             proclaimed
             to
             bee
             an
             enemie
             .
             But
             they
             being
             at
             that
             time
             ignorant
             of
             the
             Princes
             abiding
             ,
             answered
             for
             the
             time
             to
             those
             things
             ,
             that
             might
             stand
             with
             the
             Kings
             pleasure
             .
             The
             Gasant
             being
             dispatcht
             ,
             Gustovus
             liued
             in
             a
             continuall
             feare
             of
             being
             discouered
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             that
             many
             great
             men
             in
             the
             Towne
             had
             before
             seene
             him
             in
             Swethland
             ,
             and
             might
             then
             remember
             him
             :
             As
             also
             for
             that
             his
             Master
             would
             many
             times
             prie
             into
             his
             countenance
             ,
             and
             behauiour
             ,
             and
             vtter
             strange
             words
             ,
             and
             shew
             strange
             passions
             ,
             euen
             in
             his
             presence
             ,
             sometimes
             repeating
             the
             name
             of
             Gustovus
             .
          
           
             The
             Prince
             holding
             thus
             a
             Wolfe
             by
             the
             eares
             ,
             in
             doubt
             whether
             to
             stay
             or
             goe
             ,
             (
             in
             both
             which
             he
             found
             danger
             )
             was
             wondrously
             perplexed
             :
             Sometimes
             he
             thought
             to
             discouer
             himselfe
             ,
             opposing
             his
             mind
             against
             the
             worst
             of
             fortune
             ,
             that
             if
             the
             Towne
             did
             betray
             him
             ,
             his
             blood
             should
             be
             shed
             in
             Innocence
             ,
             and
             he
             be
             rid
             of
             that
             torment
             :
             wherin
             his
             mind
             was
             diuersly
             distracted
             betwixt
             Hope
             ,
             and
             Feare
             ,
             and
             Feare
             the
             predominant
             :
             but
             at
             last
             resoluing
             with
             himselfe
             to
             stay
             ,
             hee
             still
             framed
             his
             mind
             vnto
             his
             businesse
             .
             One
             day
             cleauing
             of
             wood
             ,
             in
             the
             strayning
             of
             his
             bodie
             ,
             a
             button
             that
             held
             the
             flappe
             of
             his
             Ierken
             ,
             brake
             ,
             and
             there
             withall
             a
             little
             Chaine
             of
             gold
             ,
             whereon
             did
             hange
             a
             Iewell
             of
             inestimable
             price
             ,
             fell
             from
             his
             necke
             :
             Which
             a
             maid
             seruant
             in
             the
             house
             (
             beeing
             by
             )
             perceiuing
             ,
             was
             desirous
             to
             see
             it
             :
             but
             hee
             suddainely
             
             snatching
             it
             vp
             ,
             told
             her
             that
             it
             was
             a
             thing
             of
             no
             worth
             ,
             but
             giuen
             him
             by
             a
             friend
             of
             his
             ,
             in
             the
             remembrance
             of
             her
             .
             The
             maide
             dissembled
             her
             opinion
             for
             the
             present
             ,
             but
             soone
             after
             told
             it
             to
             her
             master
             .
             The
             Merchant
             vpon
             this
             accident
             ,
             confirmes
             his
             former
             suspition
             ,
             and
             hauing
             now
             matter
             more
             relatiue
             then
             before
             ,
             enformed
             the
             State
             of
             Lubeck
             with
             this
             circumstance
             .
             The
             Burgomasters
             of
             the
             Towne
             ,
             sitting
             then
             in
             Counsell
             ,
             sent
             for
             the
             stranger
             by
             a
             guard
             ,
             to
             come
             before
             them
             ,
             How
             the
             Message
             was
             entertained
             by
             the
             Prince
             ,
             let
             them
             iudge
             that
             haue
             vndergone
             the
             like
             aduenture
             .
             There
             was
             no
             deniall
             ,
             nor
             possibility
             of
             escape
             ,
             Obey
             he
             must
             ,
             And
             it
             is
             a
             hard
             thing
             when
             Princes
             must
             obey
             .
             Being
             brought
             before
             the
             Magistrates
             ,
             it
             was
             demaunded
             of
             whence
             he
             was
             ?
             he
             answered
             ,
             of
             Swethen
             .
             They
             askt
             him
             of
             what
             degree
             ?
             He
             told
             them
             ,
             as
             meane
             in
             birth
             as
             in
             fortune
             :
             what
             mooued
             you
             (
             quoth
             they
             )
             to
             forsake
             your
             Countrey
             ?
             The
             Prince
             replied
             ,
             my
             vnkind
             vsage
             there
             .
             A
             principall
             Senatour
             of
             the
             Towne
             looking
             all
             this
             while
             stedfastly
             vpon
             his
             countenance
             ,
             perceiued
             that
             it
             was
             Gustovus
             ,
             and
             whispering
             the
             rest
             in
             the
             eare
             ,
             assured
             them
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             the
             Prince
             .
             The
             matter
             was
             before
             concluded
             what
             they
             meant
             to
             doe
             ,
             Whereupon
             this
             great
             Citizen
             began
             to
             speake
             in
             this
             manner
             .
             Your
             birth
             (
             quoth
             hee
             )
             is
             farre
             better
             then
             your
             fortune
             ,
             Therein
             you
             dissembled
             ,
             but
             your
             fortune
             beares
             the
             blame
             ,
             your
             first
             and
             last
             answere
             is
             true
             ,
             for
             we
             know
             that
             you
             are
             of
             Swethland
             ,
             and
             your
             name
             is
             Prince
             Gustovus
             ,
             and
             the
             vnkind
             vsage
             of
             your
             Countrey
             hath
             driuen
             you
             from
             thence
             :
             what
             we
             meane
             to
             doe
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             shortly
             .
             In
             the
             meane
             time
             repose
             your selfe
             securely
             and
             hopefully
             in
             the
             rulers
             house
             .
             The
             Prince
             acknowledged
             himselfe
             ,
             and
             thankt
             them
             for
             these
             signes
             of
             their
             good
             will.
             And
             if
             you
             shall
             find
             (
             quoth
             he
             )
             my
             protection
             ,
             or
             defence
             to
             prooue
             dangerous
             vnto
             your
             State
             ,
             Let
             my
             life
             rid
             you
             from
             that
             feare
             :
             I
             shall
             be
             well
             content
             ,
             so
             I
             may
             free
             you
             from
             danger
             ,
             to
             be
             your
             Sacrifice
             ;
             Whereupon
             they
             all
             imbraced
             him
             ,
             with
             the
             teares
             standing
             
             in
             their
             eyes
             ,
             euery
             one
             honouring
             him
             ▪
             and
             putting
             him
             in
             great
             hope
             and
             comfort
             ,
             They
             caused
             him
             presently
             to
             be
             inuested
             with
             royall
             ornaments
             and
             in
             all
             honourable
             and
             louing
             manner
             ,
             conuayed
             him
             that
             night
             to
             the
             ●ulers
             house
             .
             The
             Prince
             stayed
             as
             prisoner
             ,
             but
             honourably
             attended
             about
             two
             yeeres
             in
             Lubeck
             .
             During
             which
             time
             ,
             the
             king
             his
             Father
             sent
             diuers
             Gasants
             with
             faire
             words
             ,
             and
             large
             promises
             to
             haue
             him
             deliuered
             ,
             but
             it
             would
             neuer
             be
             granted
             ;
             Howbeit
             they
             promised
             that
             they
             would
             keepe
             him
             safe
             from
             attempting
             any
             innouation
             .
             The
             Prince
             during
             his
             stay
             there
             would
             often
             visite
             his
             old
             master
             ,
             whom
             he
             would
             alwa●es
             call
             his
             kind
             master
             ,
             affirming
             that
             if
             his
             discouery
             had
             not
             bene
             made
             knowen
             ,
             he
             could
             as
             contentedly
             haue
             liued
             a
             poore
             seruant
             in
             his
             house
             ▪
             as
             he
             did
             then
             a
             princely
             prisoner
             in
             the
             Towne
             :
             The
             Merchant
             would
             many
             times
             tell
             him
             ,
             he
             had
             much
             adoe
             ,
             to
             keepe
             himselfe
             ,
             from
             the
             sinne
             of
             pride
             ,
             for
             that
             it
             was
             his
             fortune
             ,
             to
             be
             master
             of
             such
             a
             seruant
             .
          
           
             Within
             two
             yeeres
             after
             ,
             the
             king
             his
             Father
             died
             ,
             and
             the
             State
             of
             the
             Countrey
             proclaimed
             the
             Queenes
             Sonne
             ,
             King
             of
             
               Swethland
               .
               Gustovus
            
             had
             quickely
             intelligence
             thereof
             ,
             as
             such
             newes
             flies
             euer
             with
             the
             Swallows
             wings
             ,
             receiues
             Letters
             from
             many
             Noble
             men
             ,
             and
             other
             of
             his
             friends
             in
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             wherein
             he
             was
             aduised
             to
             vse
             all
             means
             possible
             for
             his
             return
             ,
             with
             assured
             cōfidence
             of
             their
             assistance
             The
             Prince
             shewes
             the
             Letters
             to
             y
             e
             Lubeckers
             ,
             solicits
             them
             in
             his
             own
             behalfe
             for
             aide
             ,
             giues
             them
             princely
             pomises
             of
             their
             requitall
             .
             The
             Prince
             returnes
             to
             Swethen
             full
             of
             hope
             and
             encouragement
             ,
             His
             friends
             meete
             him
             in
             great
             multitudes
             with
             all
             signes
             of
             loue
             and
             obedience
             :
             His
             enemies
             are
             disperst
             without
             battaile
             :
             some
             fled
             ,
             some
             taken
             prisoners
             ,
             the
             Queene
             with
             her
             sonne
             conuaied
             to
             Vpsale
             Castle
             ,
             The
             three
             Dukes
             beheated
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             rest
             pardoned
             .
             When
             all
             things
             were
             established
             ,
             and
             the
             summes
             of
             money
             paid
             backe
             to
             the
             
               Lubeckers
               ,
               Gustovus
            
             was
             shortly
             after
             with
             all
             solemnitie
             Crowned
             king
             of
             Swethland
             ,
             and
             
             not
             long
             after
             was
             honourably
             married
             out
             of
             Germanie
             ,
             His
             Queene
             being
             nobly
             borne
             in
             that
             Countrey
             ,
             By
             whom
             he
             had
             foure
             sonnes
             :
             Prince
             Erick
             the
             eldest
             ,
             Duke
             of
             
               Doland
               ,
               Iohn
            
             Duke
             of
             
               Finland
               ,
               Magnus
            
             Duke
             of
             Warmland
             ,
             and
             Charles
             the
             youngest
             Duke
             of
             Estergutland
             ,
             that
             now
             liues
             and
             inioyes
             the
             Crowne
             of
             Swethland
             .
          
           
             This
             Gustovus
             Raigned
             peaceably
             and
             happily
             ,
             Laden
             with
             many
             yeeres
             ,
             but
             with
             many
             more
             Trophies
             of
             honors
             ,
             The
             care
             and
             loue
             hee
             bare
             vnto
             his
             subiects
             was
             well
             seene
             in
             their
             reciprocall
             respect
             to
             him
             .
             His
             sonnes
             brought
             vp
             in
             all
             princely
             knowledge
             ,
             acknowledged
             faithfully
             their
             naturall
             duties
             during
             his
             life
             ,
             Though
             after
             his
             death
             they
             fell
             at
             vnnaturall
             debate
             ,
             one
             with
             another
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             last
             of
             his
             yeeres
             he
             shewed
             the
             best
             of
             his
             affections
             ,
             different
             from
             the
             obseruance
             taken
             in
             other
             Princes
             ,
             who
             after
             a
             long
             continued
             Soueraignetie
             ,
             doe
             much
             decline
             from
             the
             gentle
             behauiours
             of
             their
             beginnings
             .
             But
             at
             last
             (
             as
             euery
             thing
             is
             vnstable
             ,
             &
             each
             estate
             ,
             that
             hath
             being
             in
             this
             world
             ,
             holds
             his
             vncertaintie
             )
             This
             noble
             king
             deceased
             ,
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             wherein
             his
             life
             was
             most
             desired
             of
             his
             subiects
             :
             whose
             loue
             had
             bene
             the
             like
             vnto
             his
             sonnes
             ,
             had
             it
             not
             bene
             crost
             by
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             tumultuous
             times
             that
             followed
             :
             The
             dead
             corps
             being
             now
             the
             sadde
             remnant
             of
             a
             king
             ,
             was
             with
             all
             solemnitie
             conuaied
             and
             enterred
             in
             Vpsale
             Castle
             :
             His
             friends
             following
             it
             with
             all
             tokens
             of
             sorrow
             ,
             calling
             him
             the
             proppe
             and
             protector
             of
             Religion
             ,
             the
             defender
             and
             preseruer
             of
             his
             Countrey
             ,
             the
             honour
             and
             glory
             of
             the
             Swethen
             Nation
             .
             His
             fame
             went
             before
             him
             ,
             dilating
             his
             Noble
             acts
             ,
             and
             princely
             vertues
             ,
             that
             (
             not
             buried
             in
             the
             graue
             with
             him
             )
             returned
             backe
             ,
             posting
             through
             the
             world
             ,
             and
             still
             sounding
             foorth
             the
             prayses
             of
             Gustovus
             ,
             whose
             name
             shall
             neuer
             die
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             the
             memorie
             of
             the
             Swethen
             State
             indures
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             Ericke
             is
             crowned
             King
             of
             Swethland
             ,
             after
             the
             death
             and
             Funerall
             of
             his
             Father
             :
             A
             marriage
             is
             plotted
             with
             Elizabeth
             Queene
             of
             England
             ,
             That
             failing
             another
             is
             tendered
             to
             the
             daughter
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Poland
             ,
             His
             brother
             Duke
             Iohn
             conspires
             against
             him
             .
          
           
             AFter
             the
             death
             of
             
               Gustovus
               ,
               Erick
            
             his
             eldest
             sonne
             is
             with
             all
             generall
             applause
             ,
             and
             the
             Countries
             ceremonie
             ,
             crowned
             king
             of
             Swethland
             about
             the
             yeere
             of
             our
             Lord
             1559.
             and
             in
             the
             same
             yeere
             an
             ouerture
             of
             mariage
             was
             made
             with
             Elizabeth
             Queene
             of
             England
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             her
             raigne
             .
             Duke
             Iohn
             his
             brother
             sent
             Ambassadour
             (
             princely
             appointed
             )
             in
             this
             negotiation
             ,
             who
             safely
             arriuing
             in
             England
             with
             his
             whole
             Fleete
             ,
             was
             honourably
             intertained
             .
             Howbeit
             the
             matter
             of
             his
             Embassage
             ,
             was
             rather
             flattered
             ,
             then
             graunted
             ,
             rather
             fairely
             countenanced
             ,
             then
             embraced
             ,
             For
             some
             noble
             men
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             great
             in
             their
             places
             ,
             either
             in
             their
             owne
             respects
             ,
             or
             the
             honour
             of
             the
             Queene
             ,
             stood
             against
             it
             ,
             But
             the
             Queene
             her selfe
             did
             fairely
             intreate
             the
             Prince
             ,
             royally
             feasted
             him
             ,
             gaue
             him
             many
             princely
             gifts
             ,
             Told
             him
             in
             conclusion
             ,
             that
             she
             tooke
             the
             Tenor
             of
             his
             Embassage
             in
             very
             gratious
             manner
             :
             Sent
             kind
             commendations
             to
             the
             king
             his
             Brother
             ,
             with
             this
             hopefull
             message
             ,
             that
             if
             it
             pleased
             him
             to
             take
             the
             paines
             to
             come
             into
             England
             ,
             she
             would
             take
             such
             order
             for
             his
             entertainement
             ,
             that
             hee
             should
             haue
             no
             iust
             cause
             to
             returne
             discontent
             .
             For
             (
             saith
             she
             )
             I
             haue
             made
             this
             vow
             ,
             neuer
             to
             con●ract
             my selfe
             to
             any
             ,
             whom
             I
             haue
             not
             first
             seene
             .
             The
             Duke
             thus
             furnisht
             with
             this
             answere
             ▪
             takes
             his
             leaue
             ,
             imbarkes
             
             himselfe
             ,
             boyseth
             sayle
             ,
             arriues
             in
             Swethland
             ,
             and
             deliuers
             to
             the
             longing
             languishing
             King
             this
             hopefull
             doubtfull
             answere
             ▪
             of
             the
             Quéene
             .
             The
             young
             King
             imbraceth
             this
             newes
             ,
             and
             his
             brother
             for
             them
             ,
             flatters
             his
             fancie
             ,
             kisseth
             the
             Quéenes
             picture
             ,
             beguiles
             imagination
             ,
             buildes
             Castles
             in
             the
             ayre
             ,
             rigges
             his
             Fléete
             at
             Sea
             ,
             exhausteth
             his
             Treasure
             ,
             makes
             himselfe
             poore
             to
             enrich
             his
             hope
             ,
             which
             proued
             indéed
             ,
             farre
             aboue
             his
             Fortune
             .
             The
             Winter
             following
             was
             spent
             in
             this
             preparation
             for
             England
             :
             During
             which
             time
             Frederik
             then
             king
             of
             Denmarke
             ,
             a
             Wise
             and
             politike
             Prince
             stoodmuch
             against
             this
             Alyance
             with
             England
             ,
             foreséeing
             the
             danger
             that
             might
             redound
             to
             him
             in
             his
             neighbours
             marriage
             ,
             with
             so
             potent
             a
             Princesse
             :
             sendeth
             Ambassadours
             to
             King
             Erick
             ,
             shewing
             both
             the
             inconuenience
             that
             would
             happen
             by
             marriage
             in
             a
             Countrey
             so
             farre
             remote
             ,
             as
             also
             the
             dangers
             that
             were
             like
             to
             ensue
             ,
             in
             ioyn●ng
             with
             a
             Quéene
             ,
             more
             strong
             then
             himselfe
             .
             But
             the
             king
             gaue
             a
             deafe
             eare
             to
             this
             Embassage
             ,
             Continuing
             his
             preparations
             still
             for
             England
             :
             Some
             say
             ,
             that
             in
             that
             Winter
             ryding
             betwéene
             Vpsale
             ,
             and
             
               Wasten
               Castle
            
             ,
             a
             Maide
             of
             excellent
             beautie
             ,
             but
             obscure
             parentage
             ,
             whose
             name
             was
             Gondole
             comming
             amongst
             others
             to
             behold
             the
             king
             ,
             who
             by
             chance
             ,
             casting
             his
             cies
             vpon
             her
             ,
             was
             so
             sodainly
             ensnared
             in
             her
             beautie
             ,
             that
             that
             poyson
             which
             he
             drew
             then
             into
             his
             heart
             by
             his
             eies
             ,
             did
             so
             corrupt
             the
             whole
             body
             of
             his
             affaires
             ,
             that
             at
             last
             he
             loste
             both
             his
             life
             ▪
             and
             kingdome
             :
             but
             others
             say
             it
             was
             the
             winter
             after
             .
             But
             to
             returne
             to
             our
             voyage
             for
             England
             ,
             The
             kinges
             fléete
             being
             royalty
             rigd
             ,
             and
             all
             thinges
             ready
             for
             so
             great
             a
             busines
             ,
             the
             king
             tooke
             shipping
             about
             the
             beginning
             of
             May
             ▪
             leauing
             Duke
             Iohn
             his
             brother
             Uicegerent
             in
             his
             place
             ,
             and
             sayling
             along
             the
             Coasts
             of
             Norway
             ,
             Report
             saith
             that
             Frederick
             king
             of
             Denmarke
             had
             procured
             certaine
             Witches
             in
             that
             Country
             to
             drowne
             ,
             or
             dispearse
             the
             Fléete
             of
             king
             Erick
             ,
             and
             by
             their
             spelles
             ,
             and
             deuillish
             incantations
             to
             Confound
             this
             intended
             Uoyage
             ,
             whether
             this
             bee
             true
             or
             no
             ,
             I
             know
             not
             ,
             
             but
             this
             is
             certaine
             ,
             that
             the
             king
             being
             vpon
             the
             coast
             of
             Norway
             ,
             such
             a
             strange
             foggy
             ,
             thicknes
             did
             so
             cloath
             the
             ayre
             that
             the
             kings
             Fléete
             had
             soone
             loste
             sight
             of
             one
             another
             :
             And
             then
             followed
             such
             horrible
             thunders
             ,
             and
             vnheard
             of
             Tempests
             ,
             that
             it
             séemed
             heauen
             and
             earth
             had
             met
             together
             in
             the
             disturbance
             of
             this
             intendment
             .
             The
             king
             being
             at
             his
             wits
             end
             long
             before
             hée
             came
             to
             his
             waies
             end
             was
             so
             perplexed
             in
             his
             thoughtes
             ,
             that
             he
             knew
             not
             what
             to
             do
             ,
             either
             to
             goe
             forward
             or
             to
             returne
             :
             The
             sight
             of
             y
             ●
             Eye
             was
             so
             taken
             away
             by
             the
             the
             thicknes
             of
             Aire
             ,
             the
             beneūt
             of
             the
             Eare
             was
             consounded
             by
             the
             noyse
             of
             the
             thunder
             ,
             the
             waters
             rose
             so
             high
             as
             if
             they
             meant
             to
             kisse
             the
             Cloudes
             :
             Noe
             light
             but
             what
             the
             flashes
             of
             lightning
             made
             which
             amased
             them
             all
             ,
             the
             raine
             fell
             so
             thicke
             that
             they
             could
             scarce
             kéepe
             the
             Hatches
             ,
             the
             maister
             calles
             to
             the
             Boatson
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             heard
             ,
             the
             Sternes-man
             cryes
             to
             the
             Maister
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             regarded
             .
             Thrée
             daies
             togeather
             ,
             continued
             these
             thrée
             nightes
             of
             darknes
             ,
             wherin
             was
             séene
             neither
             sunne
             Moone
             ,
             nor
             starre
             :
             the
             kinges
             Fléete
             was
             diuersly
             dispearst
             ,
             some
             into
             the
             coast
             of
             Denmarke
             others
             back
             againe
             into
             Swetland
             ,
             the
             king
             himselfe
             vpon
             the
             Coast
             of
             Norway
             looks
             euery
             hower
             for
             his
             buriall
             in
             the
             Sea.
             At
             last
             entering
             into
             cogitation
             with
             himselfe
             ,
             he
             thought
             that
             God
             had
             suffered
             his
             pride
             to
             be
             thus
             punisht
             ,
             for
             that
             he
             vndertook
             a
             Mariage
             with
             such
             a
             Quéene
             ,
             whose
             fame
             and
             glory
             was
             so
             great
             ,
             as
             well
             from
             her
             State
             ,
             and
             gouernment
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             riches
             and
             strength
             of
             her
             Crowne
             ,
             and
             kingdome
             :
             that
             entering
             into
             cosideration
             of
             it
             ,
             he
             held
             himselfe
             much
             vnworthy
             of
             such
             a
             fortune
             .
             Upon
             this
             ,
             the
             king
             rashly
             vowes
             that
             if
             it
             would
             please
             God
             to
             deliuer
             him
             from
             that
             daunger
             ,
             he
             would
             giue
             ouer
             his
             ouer
             high
             attempt
             ,
             returne
             into
             his
             Countrey
             and
             learne
             hereafter
             to
             suite
             his
             desires
             to
             his
             estate
             .
             At
             last
             these
             stormes
             haue
             end
             ,
             the
             king
             returnes
             according
             to
             his
             vow
             ,
             shortly
             after
             arriues
             in
             Swethland
             ,
             And
             thus
             fayled
             this
             Negotiation
             for
             England
             .
          
           
             The
             king
             soone
             after
             his
             landing
             beginnes
             (
             say
             some
             )
             renewes
             
             (
             say
             others
             )
             his
             loue
             to
             his
             faire
             Gondole
             :
             that
             afterward
             prooued
             as
             fatall
             to
             him
             ,
             as
             Cleopatraes
             loue
             to
             Anthony
             :
             His
             eies
             were
             seldome
             off
             either
             her
             person
             or
             her
             picture
             :
             His
             minde
             museth
             on
             nothing
             but
             the
             pleasures
             of
             her
             body
             ,
             his
             tongue
             speakes
             of
             nothing
             but
             her
             delightes
             ,
             and
             praises
             ;
             all
             publicke
             affaires
             are
             abandoned
             ,
             the
             pallaces
             are
             like
             a
             wildernesse
             desolate
             ,
             the
             Court
             is
             kept
             where
             Gondole
             hath
             her
             byding
             ;
             reason
             ,
             and
             regard
             of
             gouerment
             ,
             are
             now
             banished
             ,
             pleasure
             and
             sensuallitie
             made
             his
             Counsellors
             of
             Estate
             .
             The
             Noble
             men
             would
             oftentimes
             aduise
             him
             ,
             but
             all
             in
             vaine
             ,
             his
             brother
             Duke
             Iohn
             did
             still
             smooth
             the
             Kings
             humors
             ,
             not
             as
             being
             enamoured
             o●
             his
             delights
             ,
             but
             as
             from
             hence
             drawing
             a
             subiect
             that
             happyly
             hereafter
             might
             serue
             his
             turne
             ,
             in
             case
             the
             Nobility
             (
             as
             they
             beganne
             a
             little
             )
             should
             afterwards
             wholly
             withdraw
             their
             affections
             from
             him
             .
             Thus
             whilest
             the
             king
             followes
             his
             pleasures
             Duke
             Iohn
             pursues
             his
             purposes
             ,
             would
             oftentimes
             complaine
             to
             certaine
             of
             the
             Rexen-Roade
             ,
             which
             we
             call
             The
             Blood
             Royall
             ,
             of
             his
             brothers
             effeminate
             and
             vnlikingly
             gouernement
             ,
             but
             especially
             to
             Duke
             Charles
             his
             youngest
             brother
             ,
             yet
             no
             further
             engaging
             himselfe
             to
             danger
             then
             he
             knew
             meanes
             how
             to
             wind
             out
             againe
             .
             Not
             long
             after
             ,
             another
             Mariage
             was
             tendered
             of
             the
             Polands
             Daughter
             ,
             which
             the
             king
             Coulorably
             entertained
             to
             satisfie
             his
             Nobility
             ,
             whilest
             his
             heart
             doted
             vpon
             his
             Paramour
             .
             Duke
             Iohn
             his
             brother
             was
             imployed
             in
             this
             businesse
             ,
             and
             it
             fell
             out
             as
             he
             desired
             :
             For
             if
             the
             cardes
             were
             dealt
             aright
             ,
             he
             might
             happely
             himselfe
             mary
             the
             Polands
             daughter
             .
             And
             thus
             with
             a
             false
             heart
             taking
             a
             faire
             leaue
             of
             the
             king
             his
             brother
             being
             furnished
             with
             all
             accowtrements
             fit
             for
             such
             a
             busines
             shortly
             after
             arriued
             in
             the
             Court
             of
             Poland
             ,
             where
             after
             the
             solemnitie
             of
             such
             entertainements
             he
             deliuered
             his
             Message
             with
             such
             a
             Maiesticke
             grace
             both
             in
             his
             spéech
             ,
             countenance
             and
             cariage
             of
             himselfe
             (
             as
             sure
             hée
             was
             a
             most
             accomplisht
             Gentleman
             )
             that
             it
             wan
             him
             great
             commendations
             in
             the
             kings
             Court
             especially
             with
             the
             yong
             princesse
             ,
             
             in
             whose
             tender
             heart
             there
             was
             such
             an
             inward
             breach
             made
             ,
             as
             was
             soone
             outwardly
             perceaued
             ,
             for
             her
             eyes
             that
             conuayed
             these
             pretie
             assaultes
             vnto
             her
             heart
             ,
             did
             soone
             betray
             her
             hidden
             affections
             :
             which
             the
             Duke
             perceiuing
             laies
             hold
             vpon
             the
             occasion
             ,
             Winnes
             by
             rewardes
             many
             tongues
             to
             speaken
             in
             his
             behalfe
             ,
             ioyes
             with
             the
             greatest
             of
             the
             Kings
             Counsell
             ,
             and
             in
             especiall
             with
             one
             Fe●nsbecke
             Duke
             of
             Leif-lande
             .
             He
             told
             them
             that
             the
             condition
             of
             his
             Countries
             disordered
             estate
             ,
             occasioned
             by
             the
             discordant
             disposition
             of
             his
             brother
             ,
             mooued
             him
             rather
             to
             looke
             with
             a
             publike
             ,
             then
             a
             priuate
             eye
             :
             If
             he
             ought
             nature
             and
             dutie
             to
             his
             Brother
             ,
             he
             ought
             no
             lesse
             vnto
             his
             Country
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             his
             countries
             cause
             (
             to
             the
             which
             hée
             was
             most
             bound
             )
             that
             made
             him
             inueigh
             against
             his
             brother
             ?
             Let
             no
             man
             (
             quoth
             he
             )
             rashly
             ce●sure
             me
             ,
             but
             comparing
             the
             State
             of
             the
             kingdome
             to
             the
             condition
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             let
             him
             then
             iudge
             whether
             all
             is
             not
             like
             to
             ruine
             ,
             if
             preuention
             be
             not
             made
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             Kinges
             person
             (
             quoth
             he
             )
             will
             neuer
             be
             ,
             for
             that
             he
             séemes
             to
             be
             buried
             in
             his
             his
             owne
             delightes
             ,
             and
             the
             breath
             which
             he
             himselfe
             should
             drawe
             ,
             lies
             not
             in
             his
             owne
             ,
             but
             in
             anothers
             body
             .
             The
             most
             and
             best
             part
             of
             the
             Nobility
             being
             by
             these
             and
             the
             like
             suggestions
             wonne
             vnto
             his
             party
             ,
             a
             way
             was
             quickly
             made
             for
             the
             Duke
             to
             Wooe
             for
             himselfe
             ,
             which
             was
             not
             long
             a
             doing
             for
             the
             heart
             ,
             that
             was
             already
             so
             strongly
             assaulted
             ,
             was
             soone
             framed
             to
             yeeld
             .
             To
             bee
             short
             the
             young
             Duke
             Weddes
             and
             beddes
             the
             princesse
             with
             great
             honour
             ,
             and
             delight
             ,
             so
             easily
             is
             the
             pollicie
             of
             a
             state
             drawne
             to
             obey
             the
             necessity
             of
             the
             time
             :
             the
             newes
             hereof
             is
             soone
             brought
             to
             Swethland
             ,
             wherein
             the
             wise
             lookt
             into
             the
             danger
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             how
             be
             it
             the
             King
             himselfe
             foresaw
             no
             peril
             :
             But
             as
             a
             Man
             wholly
             deuoted
             to
             his
             delights
             ,
             doth
             against
             the
             aduise
             of
             all
             his
             friendes
             ,
             quickly
             after
             Marrie
             the
             said
             Gondole
             ,
             whereby
             he
             did
             sodainly
             runne
             into
             such
             a
             scandalous
             hatred
             of
             his
             owne
             Subiectes
             ,
             that
             they
             euer
             after
             held
             him
             vnworthy
             of
             his
             Crowne
             and
             kingdome
             :
             Within
             a
             yeare
             after
             his
             
             Mariage
             he
             had
             a
             Sonne
             ,
             not
             long
             after
             whose
             byrth
             Duke
             Iohn
             hauing
             assured
             promises
             from
             his
             youngest
             brother
             Duke
             Charles
             ,
             procures
             an
             Army
             to
             be
             leuied
             by
             the
             King
             of
             Poland
             ,
             his
             Father
             in
             law
             ,
             and
             arriuing
             in
             the
             Dukedome
             of
             Estergutland
             ,
             was
             louingly
             entertained
             of
             his
             brother
             Duke
             Charles
             ,
             who
             ioyning
             their
             forces
             together
             ,
             hauing
             also
             the
             ayde
             of
             other
             Noble
             Men
             in
             the
             Country
             ,
             gaue
             battaile
             to
             his
             brother
             King
             Ericke
             ,
             who
             being
             ouercome
             ,
             and
             flying
             to
             Stock-holand
             ,
             was
             there
             by
             his
             two
             brothers
             taken
             ,
             and
             made
             away
             ,
             no
             man
             euer
             knew
             how
             .
             A
             noble
             man
             in
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             brother
             to
             
               Herrerick
               Gusterson
            
             ,
             and
             deare
             vnto
             the
             King
             was
             at
             that
             time
             honorably
             slaine
             in
             the
             defence
             of
             his
             Prince
             .
             The
             Quéene
             had
             before
             sent
             her
             young
             Sonne
             out
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             foreséeing
             the
             danger
             that
             was
             like
             to
             happen
             .
             Who
             now
             liues
             as
             an
             Exile
             in
             the
             great
             Duke
             of
             Moscouias
             Court
             ,
             and
             the
             Quéene
             her selfe
             confined
             to
             Stickborrow
             Castle
             ,
             where
             shee
             yet
             liues
             a
             sad
             and
             solitary
             life
             .
             Thus
             ended
             the
             vnfortunate
             Raigne
             of
             King
             Erick
             ,
             who
             might
             long
             haue
             liued
             and
             gouerned
             in
             the
             Land
             ,
             had
             he
             but
             subdued
             his
             owne
             affections
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IIII.
             King
             Iohn
             is
             crowned
             king
             of
             Swethland
             :
             hath
             a
             Sonne
             borne
             called
             Sigismond
             :
             The
             King
             of
             Poland
             dies
             :
             young
             Sigismond
             is
             sent
             for
             to
             be
             King
             of
             Poland
             :
             Hee
             staies
             there
             certaine
             yeares
             till
             the
             death
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             is
             then
             sent
             for
             by
             his
             Vnckle
             Duke
             Charles
             to
             receaue
             the
             Crowne
             and
             kingdome
             of
             Swethland
             .
          
           
             DUke
             Iohn
             hauing
             thus
             by
             his
             brothers
             murther
             attained
             vnto
             the
             Crowne
             ,
             disposeth
             with
             his
             best
             Counsell
             the
             affaires
             of
             the
             kingdome
             ,
             disperseth
             his
             Army
             ,
             satisfies
             his
             Subiects
             in
             the
             cause
             of
             these
             indirect
             procéedings
             ,
             against
             his
             brother
             ,
             and
             hauing
             set
             all
             things
             in
             order
             ,
             sendeth
             for
             this
             Quéen
             out
             of
             Poland
             ,
             
             who
             with
             an
             honorable
             traine
             being
             conducted
             into
             Swethland
             ,
             was
             there
             Royally
             entertained
             ,
             and
             shortly
             after
             with
             Duke
             Iohn
             her
             husband
             ,
             in
             all
             princely
             manner
             ,
             Crowned
             King
             and
             Quéene
             of
             Swethland
             at
             Vpsale
             Castle
             :
             Many
             Statutes
             he
             repealed
             which
             the
             King
             his
             brother
             had
             made
             ,
             being
             found
             preiudiciall
             vnto
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             others
             hee
             enacted
             ,
             that
             were
             held
             more
             profitable
             :
             To
             all
             Sutors
             he
             shewed
             himselfe
             very
             gentle
             and
             gracious
             :
             And
             because
             the
             treasure
             of
             the
             kingdome
             was
             much
             exhauste
             in
             his
             expedition
             into
             Poland
             ,
             he
             was
             driuen
             to
             borrow
             many
             great
             Summes
             of
             money
             both
             there
             ,
             and
             of
             his
             Friends
             at
             home
             :
             Hee
             kept
             a
             Princely
             port
             ,
             and
             was
             very
             liberall
             in
             his
             rewardes
             ,
             delighting
             much
             in
             all
             Martiall
             exerrises
             .
             His
             liberality
             was
             equall
             to
             that
             which
             was
             so
             highly
             commended
             in
             a
             worthy
             Captaine
             of
             Thebes
             ,
             who
             when
             hee
             had
             obtayned
             a
             victory
             against
             the
             Lacedemonians
             ,
             tooke
             onely
             of
             all
             the
             spoile
             but
             one
             sword
             ,
             distributing
             the
             rest
             amongst
             his
             Souldiors
             ,
             saying
             ,
             Fellowes
             in
             Armes
             this
             I
             Challeng
             because
             I
             wrong
             it
             out
             of
             the
             hand
             of
             mine
             Enemie
             .
             Whatsoeuer
             else
             is
             yours
             ,
             as
             the
             reward
             of
             your
             trauells
             ,
             for
             ,
             the
             Theban
             Senatours
             warre
             for
             honour
             ,
             not
             for
             treasure
             .
             The
             Mercenary
             Man
             that
             beareth
             Armes
             for
             hier
             ,
             and
             for
             his
             ordinary
             Paye
             ,
             feareth
             not
             to
             venture
             his
             life
             in
             the
             face
             of
             his
             Enemy
             ,
             hauing
             but
             his
             wages
             ,
             hath
             but
             his
             due
             :
             So
             that
             if
             hope
             of
             spoile
             ,
             and
             the
             bounty
             of
             his
             Captaine
             did
             not
             encourage
             him
             in
             his
             attempts
             ,
             he
             would
             both
             doubt
             the
             danger
             of
             his
             person
             and
             scorne
             for
             so
             little
             gaine
             to
             ranne
             vpon
             such
             imminent
             perills
             .
             His
             liberality
             towards
             his
             associats
             in
             Armes
             ,
             and
             his
             experient
             wisedome
             and
             valour
             in
             Martiall
             enterprises
             made
             him
             both
             honoured
             feared
             ,
             and
             held
             in
             worthy
             estimation
             .
             Thus
             by
             this
             and
             his
             other
             vertues
             Duke
             Iohn
             in
             short
             time
             Crept
             into
             the
             hearts
             of
             his
             Subiectes
             .
             The
             first
             yeare
             of
             his
             raigne
             the
             Quéene
             brought
             him
             a
             goodly
             Boy
             which
             was
             Christened
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Sigismond
             ,
             the
             Emperor
             beeing
             his
             Godfather
             ,
             which
             Sisgismond
             ,
             is
             now
             King
             of
             Poland
             .
             
             About
             the
             Tenth
             yeare
             of
             his
             raigne
             ,
             King
             Iohn
             made
             an
             honorable
             iourney
             into
             Russia
             ,
             vpon
             the
             breach
             of
             a
             League
             made
             betwixt
             them
             .
             From
             whence
             he
             returned
             victorious
             .
             The
             rest
             of
             his
             raigne
             was
             quiet
             and
             peaceable
             :
             And
             set
             a
             side
             the
             staine
             of
             his
             brothers
             death
             ,
             he
             was
             doubtlesse
             a
             most
             excellent
             Prince
             and
             worthy
             of
             the
             Crowne
             and
             kingdome
             ,
             and
             although
             there
             were
             many
             times
             iarres
             betwixt
             him
             ,
             and
             his
             brother
             Duke
             Charles
             ,
             yet
             alwaies
             the
             matter
             was
             so
             handled
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             soone
             reconcilde
             againe
             .
             By
             which
             were
             cut
             off
             all
             occasions
             of
             Ciuill
             warre
             .
             In
             the
             twelfth
             yeare
             of
             his
             raigne
             his
             father
             in
             law
             the
             King
             of
             Poland
             dies
             ,
             for
             whose
             death
             the
             Quéene
             his
             daughter
             mourned
             heauily
             .
             The
             young
             Prince
             Sigismond
             her
             Sonne
             was
             elected
             King
             of
             Poland
             ,
             and
             with
             an
             honourable
             conuoy
             being
             guarded
             thither
             was
             with
             all
             solemnity
             in
             all
             Princely
             manner
             Crowne
             King
             of
             Poland
             :
             Shortly
             after
             Marries
             honourably
             into
             the
             house
             of
             Austria
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             twelth
             yeare
             of
             his
             raigne
             in
             Poland
             ,
             King
             Iohn
             his
             Father
             dies
             :
             whose
             death
             being
             much
             bewailed
             of
             his
             subiects
             ,
             he
             was
             with
             appertaining
             solemnitie
             buried
             in
             the
             Chappell
             of
             the
             Kings
             in
             the
             Castle
             of
             Vpsale
             .
             Duke
             Charles
             of
             Estergutland
             after
             the
             death
             of
             his
             brother
             sends
             into
             Poland
             for
             his
             Nephew
             Sigismond
             to
             come
             to
             receaue
             the
             Crowne
             of
             
               Swethland
               ,
               Sigismond
            
             takes
             heauily
             the
             death
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             deuines
             before
             hand
             of
             the
             troubles
             that
             followed
             in
             that
             kingdome
             :
             Great
             preparation
             is
             made
             for
             his
             iourney
             into
             Swethland
             ,
             and
             doubting
             of
             his
             vnckles
             minde
             &
             proiectes
             ,
             carrieth
             a
             great
             power
             of
             Poles
             with
             him
             to
             preuent
             all
             daungers
             .
             The
             king
             arriues
             safely
             in
             Sweathland
             ,
             is
             with
             all
             honor
             and
             signe
             of
             loue
             receaued
             by
             his
             vnckle
             Duke
             Charles
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Nobilitie
             of
             Swethland
             ,
             He
             is
             honorably
             conueyed
             to
             Vpsale
             Castle
             ,
             where
             hee
             was
             louingly
             receaued
             of
             the
             Quéene
             his
             Mother
             ,
             whom
             he
             comforteth
             being
             a
             sorrowfull
             widdow
             for
             the
             death
             of
             King
             Iohn
             her
             husband
             .
             Shortly
             after
             he
             was
             crowned
             K.
             of
             Swethland
             without
             any
             disturbance
             .
             A
             Rex-day
             was
             
             held
             in
             the
             castle
             of
             Vpsale
             ,
             where
             all
             things
             being
             established
             ,
             
               Duke
               Charles
            
             is
             made
             vicegerent
             of
             the
             kingdome
             :
             hauing
             with
             him
             ioynd
             in
             Comission
             foure
             Noblemen
             ,
             of
             the
             Rexen-road
             whose
             names
             were
             
               Hergusten
               Bonner
               ,
               Hersten
               Bonner
            
             ,
             his
             brother
             ,
             
               Herrerick
               Spare
            
             ,
             and
             
               Hartor
               Belk
            
             :
             These
             fower
             Noble
             men
             ,
             being
             great
             in
             the
             kingdome
             but
             not
             very
             great
             with
             the
             Uicegerent
             ,
             were
             of
             purpose
             ioynd
             by
             the
             King
             in
             commission
             with
             the
             Duke
             to
             curbe
             or
             Controule
             all
             ouer
             haughty
             and
             headstrong
             attempts
             ,
             that
             the
             Duke
             might
             happely
             Commit
             by
             the
             greatnesse
             of
             his
             place
             and
             power
             in
             the
             absence
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             who
             was
             then
             ready
             to
             returne
             to
             Poland
             .
             The
             Duke
             perceaues
             the
             drift
             ,
             but
             dissembles
             it
             .
             before
             the
             Kings
             departure
             ,
             order
             was
             set
             downe
             by
             the
             King
             with
             the
             Duke
             and
             the
             Commissioners
             for
             the
             payment
             of
             certaine
             sommes
             of
             money
             ,
             which
             King
             Iohn
             his
             Father
             did
             owe
             vnto
             many
             Souldiours
             ,
             that
             were
             yet
             vnpaide
             since
             the
             time
             of
             expedition
             into
             Russia
             ,
             and
             vnto
             many
             Merchants
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Scotland
            
             and
             other
             Nations
             for
             the
             prosecuting
             of
             that
             warre
             .
             After
             all
             things
             were
             thus
             setled
             and
             ordered
             ,
             the
             King
             returnes
             to
             Poland
             ,
             leauing
             behinde
             him
             that
             fire
             that
             afterward
             consumed
             the
             peace
             of
             the
             whole
             Kingdome
             :
             for
             the
             Noblemen
             ,
             the
             Commissioners
             being
             commanded
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             (
             that
             was
             euer
             iealous
             of
             his
             Unckle
             Charles
             )
             to
             obserue
             and
             enforme
             his
             Maiestie
             of
             the
             manner
             of
             his
             gouernment
             ,
             did
             so
             oppose
             themselues
             against
             him
             in
             all
             his
             procéedinges
             ,
             and
             especially
             in
             the
             payment
             of
             this
             money
             ,
             that
             the
             Duke
             plainely
             perceiued
             ,
             that
             this
             new
             gouernment
             was
             but
             laide
             as
             a
             trap
             to
             ensnare
             his
             life
             ,
             A
             Rex-day
             was
             holden
             at
             Vpsale
             ,
             no
             order
             Concluded
             ,
             nor
             money
             paide
             ,
             and
             much
             adoe
             there
             was
             to
             kéepe
             them
             from
             factions
             ,
             the
             Commissioners
             would
             haue
             these
             summes
             paid
             out
             of
             the
             Subiectes
             purses
             ,
             the
             Duke
             out
             of
             the
             Common
             Treasury
             :
             which
             the
             commissioners
             refuse
             ,
             alleaging
             the
             Kings
             want
             of
             money
             ,
             The
             Duke
             writes
             faithfully
             ,
             The
             Lords
             falsly
             to
             the
             King.
             To
             whom
             they
             intimate
             feare
             of
             innouation
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Duke
             
             by
             all
             likelyhoods
             aimed
             at
             the
             Crowne
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             paid
             parte
             of
             the
             money
             due
             to
             the
             Souldiours
             out
             of
             the
             Reuenues
             of
             the
             Dukedome
             ,
             to
             draw
             their
             affections
             to
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             sought
             to
             further
             the
             State
             ,
             and
             wealth
             of
             the
             Commons
             more
             then
             stood
             with
             the
             loyall
             nature
             of
             a
             Subiect
             ,
             that
             he
             kept
             the
             Porte
             and
             State
             of
             a
             King
             rather
             then
             a
             Deputie
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             was
             not
             like
             he
             would
             long
             yeeld
             his
             honors
             vnto
             Uassalage
             ,
             whose
             fortunes
             in
             such
             a
             minde
             and
             State
             as
             his
             might
             attaine
             to
             Soueraignty
             ,
             if
             preuention
             were
             not
             spéedily
             made
             .
             The
             Duke
             intercepts
             these
             letters
             ,
             and
             sends
             them
             inclosed
             in
             his
             own
             vnto
             the
             King
             ,
             to
             whom
             he
             writes
             very
             humbly
             ,
             and
             with
             all
             protestations
             of
             duty
             ,
             and
             alleagance
             :
             the
             king
             receaues
             the
             letters
             ,
             but
             beleeues
             the
             Lords
             and
             dist●usteth
             the
             Duke
             ,
             sendeth
             secretly
             to
             the
             Commissioners
             that
             they
             should
             sodainely
             surprise
             him
             ,
             depose
             him
             from
             his
             gouernement
             ,
             and
             to
             that
             end
             he
             sent
             his
             authority
             :
             and
             finally
             to
             kéepe
             him
             prisoner
             ,
             his
             wise
             and
             children
             ,
             during
             life
             in
             a
             castle
             built
             of
             purpose
             for
             that
             stratageme
             within
             the
             dukedome
             of
             Litto
             :
             Oh
             that
             the
             nature
             of
             fortune
             should
             be
             so
             fickle
             and
             vncertaine
             ,
             neuer
             singular
             either
             in
             her
             frownes
             or
             fauours
             ,
             but
             that
             commonly
             in
             the
             height
             of
             any
             hope
             it
             produceth
             some
             crosse
             accident
             of
             vnhappy
             misfortune
             .
          
           
             The
             Duke
             notwithstanding
             hauing
             intelligence
             of
             this
             plot
             ,
             beganne
             to
             looke
             about
             him
             ,
             hasted
             into
             his
             owne
             dukedome
             and
             raised
             a
             great
             power
             of
             men
             ,
             Some
             say
             that
             if
             hee
             had
             but
             staide
             one
             hower
             longer
             in
             Vpsale
             ,
             the
             plot
             had
             beene
             effected
             ,
             and
             the
             Duke
             vtterly
             vndone
             .
             The
             Lords
             were
             in
             a
             maze
             vpon
             the
             Dukes
             departure
             ,
             knowing
             that
             their
             deuise
             was
             discouered
             ,
             they
             now
             perceaued
             their
             owne
             weakenesse
             to
             resist
             the
             Duke
             ,
             being
             in
             power
             ,
             place
             and
             opinion
             ,
             and
             farre
             aboue
             them
             ,
             And
             though
             they
             had
             the
             Kings
             authority
             ,
             yet
             was
             he
             farre
             from
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             néer
             vnto
             their
             danger
             ,
             they
             knew
             not
             well
             what
             course
             to
             take
             ,
             sometimes
             they
             purposed
             to
             flie
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             then
             they
             feared
             the
             waies
             were
             forelayd
             .
             To
             stay
             in
             the
             Castle
             of
             
             Vpsale
             were
             no
             safety
             ,
             it
             being
             a
             place
             of
             pleasure
             ,
             not
             of
             defence
             :
             whereupon
             they
             determined
             to
             depart
             from
             thence
             :
             Thrée
             of
             them
             vnto
             the
             Castle
             of
             VVasten
             in
             the
             Dukedome
             of
             Finland
             ,
             and
             Hartourbelk
             to
             Calmer
             Castle
             .
             Hauing
             theis
             ▪
             Castles
             deliuered
             vnto
             them
             ,
             they
             purposed
             to
             stay
             there
             to
             vnderstand
             the
             Dukes
             procéedings
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             meane
             time
             dispatcht
             letters
             vnto
             the
             King
             of
             the
             particulars
             of
             these
             troubles
             :
             The
             Duke
             (
             as
             I
             sayd
             before
             )
             hauing
             raised
             a
             great
             power
             of
             men
             ,
             marcheth
             spéedily
             towardes
             the
             castle
             of
             Vpsale
             ,
             but
             vnderstanding
             of
             the
             Lords
             departure
             towards
             Wasten
             ,
             bends
             his
             course
             thither
             .
             It
             is
             a
             world
             to
             sée
             what
             numbers
             of
             men
             came
             vnto
             the
             Duke
             from
             all
             parts
             proffeting
             their
             seruice
             to
             him
             :
             All
             which
             hee
             gently
             welcomed
             .
             Some
             he
             entertained
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             sent
             home
             againe
             with
             speciall
             charge
             to
             looke
             vnto
             the
             Kinges
             peace
             ,
             signifying
             further
             that
             the
             cause
             why
             hee
             was
             now
             vp
             in
             Armes
             ,
             was
             but
             to
             right
             himselfe
             of
             such
             wronges
             done
             by
             those
             Lords
             ,
             who
             neither
             loued
             the
             King
             nor
             him
             .
             The
             Lords
             that
             were
             in
             the
             Castle
             of
             Wasten
             vnderstanding
             of
             the
             Dukes
             approach
             with
             such
             a
             power
             of
             men
             ,
             sodenly
             forsooke
             the
             castle
             ,
             and
             not
             being
             able
             to
             defend
             it
             ,
             fled
             in
             all
             hast
             to
             Poland
             ,
             whome
             the
             Duke
             would
             not
             pursue
             ,
             but
             taking
             the
             castle
             put
             in
             a
             strong
             Garrison
             ,
             and
             presently
             hast●d
             to
             the
             castle
             of
             Calmer
             ,
             which
             Hartourbelk
             had
             a
             little
             before
             taken
             in
             the
             Kings
             name
             ,
             who
             standing
             at
             defence
             and
             defiance
             with
             him
             ,
             the
             Duke
             besiegeth
             both
             the
             Citie
             and
             castle
             ,
             the
             cittizens
             more
             willing
             to
             entertaine
             him
             ,
             then
             resist
             him
             .
             The
             Duke
             plants
             his
             ordinance
             against
             the
             Gates
             of
             the
             Citie
             ,
             and
             thereupon
             the
             Citizens
             resisting
             the
             command
             of
             
               Hartour
               Belk
            
             ,
             open
             the
             citie
             Gates
             and
             recaue
             him
             in
             :
             The
             Duke
             besiegeth
             the
             castle
             ,
             and
             in
             short
             time
             by
             the
             helpe
             of
             the
             Towne
             Winnes
             it
             ,
             takes
             and
             keepes
             
               Hartour
               Belk
            
             prisoner
             ,
             and
             dischargeth
             all
             the
             rest
             .
          
           
             From
             hence
             the
             Duke
             sent
             letters
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             informing
             truly
             the
             cause
             of
             these
             troubles
             ,
             That
             the
             vniust
             attempts
             of
             the
             Commissioners
             against
             him
             ,
             did
             moue
             him
             to
             raise
             
             these
             powers
             in
             defence
             of
             his
             state
             and
             liberty
             ,
             not
             in
             the
             disturbance
             of
             his
             Maiesties
             peace
             ,
             nor
             to
             make
             any
             innouation
             in
             the
             Land
             ,
             &
             beseeching
             him
             that
             no
             false
             or
             fained
             suggestions
             of
             his
             aduersaries
             ,
             might
             stand
             as
             a
             barre
             betwixt
             his
             Maiesties
             grace
             towards
             him
             and
             his
             owne
             fidelitie
             :
             Affirming
             further
             that
             it
             lay
             in
             his
             power
             to
             stopp
             their
             passage
             into
             Poland
             and
             that
             hee
             would
             at
             the
             Kings
             pleasure
             disperse
             his
             forces
             ,
             surrender
             vp
             the
             castles
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             taken
             ,
             be
             content
             to
             resigne
             his
             charge
             of
             gouernment
             ,
             to
             whōsoeuer
             it
             pleased
             the
             King
             ,
             Prouided
             that
             hee
             might
             bee
             assured
             of
             the
             quiet
             enioyment
             and
             peaceable
             possession
             of
             such
             Lands
             and
             honors
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             born
             vnto
             by
             Nature
             :
             and
             this
             (
             quoth
             he
             )
             I
             learne
             of
             necessity
             ,
             which
             teacheth
             euery
             creature
             to
             defend
             it selfe
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             receiues
             the
             Dukes
             letters
             ,
             but
             giues
             no
             credit
             to
             his
             protestations
             .
             During
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Dukes
             stay
             in
             the
             City
             of
             Calmer
             ,
             and
             vnderstanding
             of
             many
             disorders
             ,
             and
             misdemeanors
             that
             were
             commited
             in
             a
             Nunnery
             ,
             standing
             in
             the
             Towne
             ,
             One
             daye
             Came
             to
             visit
             the
             Nuns
             ,
             accompanied
             with
             certaine
             gentlemen
             of
             his
             house
             ,
             and
             vnderstanding
             some
             of
             their
             mindes
             to
             be
             discontent
             with
             their
             orders
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             their
             bodies
             well
             knowne
             to
             the
             Friers
             ,
             dissolues
             the
             Nunnery
             ,
             and
             transposeth
             the
             Nunnes
             ,
             according
             to
             their
             own
             disposing
             ,
             Some
             into
             other
             nunneries
             ,
             many
             to
             their
             Friends
             ,
             the
             most
             to
             Mariages
             .
             The
             King
             by
             this
             time
             had
             answered
             the
             Dukes
             letters
             very
             coulorably
             ,
             that
             hee
             was
             sorry
             for
             the
             tarres
             that
             happened
             betweene
             him
             ,
             and
             the
             Lords
             ,
             That
             as
             soone
             as
             his
             businesse
             would
             giue
             him
             leaue
             ,
             he
             would
             visit
             the
             Lordes
             ,
             and
             him
             .
             In
             the
             meane
             time
             he
             requested
             that
             hee
             would
             deliuer
             Hartourbelk
             ,
             or
             intreat
             him
             kindly
             .
             The
             Duke
             though
             hee
             beléeued
             not
             what
             the
             King
             had
             written
             ,
             yet
             hee
             receaues
             the
             letters
             gladly
             ,
             and
             honourably
             feasted
             the
             messenger
             .
             In
             this
             time
             another
             dangerous
             plot
             was
             laide
             ,
             to
             entrappe
             Duke
             Charles
             ,
             and
             to
             enforce
             him
             Prisoner
             ,
             in
             the
             Castle
             of
             Litto
             aforesaid
             ,
             whereupon
             there
             were
             forces
             very
             secretly
             ,
             and
             
             sodainely
             raised
             in
             Finland
             ,
             The
             king
             hauing
             a
             purpose
             to
             winne
             to
             that
             powre
             ,
             other
             forces
             that
             he
             meant
             himselfe
             to
             bring
             out
             of
             Poland
             ,
             and
             appointed
             a
             day
             of
             meeting
             in
             Stock-holland
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             The
             Duke
             hath
             intelligence
             of
             the
             plots
             that
             the
             King
             and
             his
             aduersaries
             had
             deuis'd
             against
             him
             .
             He
             encounters
             part
             of
             the
             Kings
             army
             ,
             and
             discomforts
             them
             ,
             with
             other
             accidents
             .
          
           
             THe
             Duke
             hauing
             intelligence
             of
             this
             dangerous
             plot
             ,
             deuised
             against
             him
             by
             the
             king
             ,
             assured
             himselfe
             to
             finde
             no
             fauour
             at
             his
             hand
             &
             that
             no
             submissiō
             would
             serue
             y
             e
             turne
             :
             For
             him
             to
             disperse
             h●s
             powers
             ,
             and
             to
             stand
             rather
             vpon
             the
             protestation
             of
             his
             allegeance
             then
             his
             guard
             ,
             were
             to
             put
             his
             neck
             vppon
             the
             block
             ,
             and
             to
             indure
             the
             stroke
             :
             for
             raging
             str●ames
             are
             not
             stayed
             with
             gentle
             hands
             .
             Wherefore
             calling
             his
             friends
             about
             him
             ,
             hee
             told
             them
             that
             it
             was
             now
             no
             time
             to
             dally
             .
             That
             the
             king
             by
             his
             aduersaries
             was
             so
             prouokt
             against
             him
             ,
             that
             nothing
             but
             his
             death
             or
             depriuation
             would
             satisfie
             the
             kings
             displeasure
             .
             These
             vnwilling
             armes
             (
             quoth
             hee
             )
             that
             I
             now
             beare
             ,
             are
             for
             the
             defence
             of
             you
             ,
             and
             my
             Country
             ,
             vnto
             which
             I
             owe
             my
             life
             ,
             and
             wha●soeuer
             else
             is
             deere
             vnto
             mee
             .
             I
             sée
             (
             quoth
             hée
             )
             the
             drifte
             of
             the
             king
             ,
             and
             my
             aduersaries
             ,
             is
             to
             ouerthrow
             our
             customes
             ,
             and
             to
             gouerne
             you
             according
             to
             the
             Polish
             Pollicy
             ,
             which
             is
             vnfit
             for
             any
             frée
             state
             .
             To
             pursue
             this
             ,
             and
             to
             lay
             heauy
             yoakes
             vpon
             your
             necks
             ,
             my
             life
             is
             sought
             after
             ,
             which
             I
             shall
             bée
             alwaies
             ready
             to
             spend
             or
             end
             to
             doe
             you
             or
             my
             Country
             seruice
             .
          
           
             His
             friends
             embrac't
             him
             ,
             willed
             him
             to
             go
             forward
             ,
             promised
             their
             aide
             ,
             to
             the
             vttermost
             of
             their
             powers
             ,
             and
             the
             
             Duke
             le
             ts
             slip
             no
             time
             ,
             but
             presently
             seizeth
             vpon
             the
             
               Nauy
               of
               Swhethland
            
             hauing
             it
             before
             vnder
             his
             command
             ,
             maruelling
             much
             that
             the
             King
             had
             not
             before
             that
             sent
             to
             seize
             vpon
             it
             himselfe
             ,
             but
             thereby
             belike
             hee
             thought
             hee
             should
             haue
             ministred
             matter
             for
             the
             Duke
             to
             suspect
             his
             deuice
             ,
             The
             
               Finland
               Fleete
            
             being
             vpon
             the
             Coast
             some
             few
             daies
             before
             the
             day
             appointed
             ,
             the
             Duke
             hauing
             furnished
             the
             Nauy
             with
             men
             and
             munition
             ,
             tooke
             the
             Opportunitie
             of
             Time
             ,
             and
             with
             all
             expedition
             made
             hast
             to
             meete
             them
             before
             their
             ioyning
             with
             the
             Kings
             power
             ,
             with
             whome
             had
             they
             met
             ,
             they
             had
             put
             the
             Duke
             to
             a
             great
             hazard
             ,
             The
             
               Finland
               Fleet
            
             consisted
             of
             thrée
             score
             and
             ten
             saile
             most
             of
             them
             vessels
             of
             great
             burthen
             ,
             and
             in
             them
             14
             thousand
             fighting
             men
             ,
             the
             Dukes
             forces
             by
             Sea
             were
             scarce
             so
             many
             .
             The
             Duke
             deuides
             his
             Nauy
             into
             two
             parts
             ,
             the
             Fiulinders
             into
             thrée
             .
             The
             Duke
             bearing
             as
             great
             a
             breadth
             in
             the
             front
             of
             his
             Nauy
             ,
             as
             his
             aduersaries
             did
             ,
             doubting
             least
             he
             should
             be
             engirt
             .
             The
             charge
             being
             giuen
             by
             the
             Duke
             was
             semblably
             answered
             by
             the
             contrary
             party
             ,
             and
             now
             the
             voice
             of
             the
             Ordinance
             ,
             (
             that
             was
             many
             yeares
             a
             stranger
             in
             those
             parts
             )
             carried
             such
             hideous
             noyse
             in
             the
             Land
             ,
             as
             much
             amazed
             the
             quiet
             mindes
             of
             the
             inhabitants
             ,
             when
             they
             heard
             that
             the
             haruest
             of
             their
             Peace
             was
             now
             like
             to
             be
             reap't
             by
             the
             vngentle
             hand
             of
             warre
             :
             Then
             began
             they
             to
             forethink
             the
             troubles
             that
             were
             like
             to
             follow
             these
             fearfull
             beginnings
             ,
             but
             happely
             not
             to
             remember
             the
             causes
             thereof
             :
             it
             is
             either
             a
             naturall
             or
             Customary
             stupidity
             in
             man
             to
             be
             senselesse
             in
             the
             vnderstanding
             of
             their
             owne
             offences
             ,
             Pride
             ,
             Blasphemy
             ,
             Auarice
             ,
             Extortion
             ,
             Luxury
             ,
             and
             other
             the
             like
             enormities
             are
             in
             particular
             men
             the
             generall
             causes
             of
             the
             disturbance
             ,
             nay
             sometimes
             of
             the
             depopulation
             of
             a
             whole
             kingdome
             ,
             when
             the
             mindes
             of
             Princes
             corrupted
             with
             Ambition
             are
             stirr'd
             vp
             ,
             though
             in
             their
             owne
             respects
             ,
             euen
             by
             the
             power
             and
             sufferance
             of
             the
             almighty
             to
             plague
             (
             by
             warre
             his
             consuming
             Minister
             )
             the
             vnrepented
             sinnes
             of
             the
             people
             .
             But
             to
             returne
             to
             Sea
             ,
             where
             the
             fight
             continued
             
             little
             more
             then
             two
             howers
             ,
             during
             which
             time
             the
             ayre
             was
             so
             troubled
             with
             smoake
             ,
             that
             the
             shippes
             at
             Sea
             could
             not
             see
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             the
             beholders
             at
             lande
             might
             iudge
             by
             the
             eye
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             turn'd
             into
             a
             clowde
             .
             But
             at
             last
             the
             Admirall
             of
             the
             Finlanders
             béeing
             struck
             betwéen
             winde
             and
             water
             ,
             did
             sinke
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             them
             all
             :
             Their
             fléete
             began
             to
             take
             about
             to
             hoise
             vp
             their
             Sayles
             and
             flye
             ,
             the
             Duke
             followed
             them
             as
             far
             as
             he
             durst
             ,
             but
             being
             doubtfull
             of
             the
             Kings
             approch
             ,
             made
             his
             returne
             the
             sooner
             ,
             Landed
             his
             powers
             ,
             and
             hasted
             with
             his
             army
             to
             Stockholland
             .
          
           
             Upon
             his
             comming
             to
             Stock-holland
             hee
             vnderstood
             of
             the
             Kings
             landing
             at
             
               Ca●mer
               Castle
            
             ,
             his
             whole
             Nauy
             consisting
             of
             a
             hundreth
             Sayle
             ,
             or
             there
             abouts
             ,
             whereof
             there
             were
             eight
             and
             twentie
             English
             shippes
             ,
             which
             the
             King
             had
             hired
             of
             the
             Marchants
             being
             then
             resident
             in
             that
             coast
             bearing
             in
             the
             whole
             Fléete
             eight
             and
             twenty
             thousand
             fighting
             men
             :
             Duke
             Charles
             béeing
             aduertised
             of
             the
             newes
             ,
             doubted
             what
             hee
             were
             best
             to
             doe
             ,
             Sometimes
             hée
             was
             in
             minde
             to
             giue
             place
             vnto
             his
             aduersaries
             ,
             considering
             the
             miseries
             that
             were
             like
             to
             attend
             this
             vnciuill
             warre
             ,
             And
             though
             hee
             knew
             himselfe
             well
             lyned
             with
             friends
             ,
             in
             the
             kingdome
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             might
             bee
             in
             his
             power
             to
             resist
             the
             king
             ,
             yet
             when
             he
             reduced
             into
             his
             mind
             the
             Calamities
             that
             might
             happen
             vnto
             the
             Land
             by
             the
             maintenance
             of
             this
             warre
             ,
             He
             did
             often
             perswade
             himselfe
             with
             Otho
             ,
             rather
             to
             giue
             place
             to
             Vitellius
             ,
             then
             to
             resist
             a
             Tyrant
             to
             the
             ouerthrow
             of
             his
             Counter
             ,
             but
             being
             otherwise
             aduised
             by
             his
             friendes
             ,
             that
             counselled
             him
             either
             to
             take
             vpon
             him
             the
             soueraigntie
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             to
             maintaine
             himselfe
             in
             his
             place
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             their
             liues
             as
             his
             owne
             ,
             hauing
             all
             gone
             so
             farre
             that
             they
             could
             not
             retyre
             without
             irreuocable
             danger
             ,
             His
             courage
             ouercomming
             his
             feare
             ,
             and
             the
             respect
             of
             the
             generality
             aboue
             his
             own
             particular
             ,
             he
             resolued
             to
             prosecute
             the
             war
             but
             yet
             in
             such
             manner
             ,
             that
             al
             the
             worlde
             might
             vnderstand
             hee
             did
             it
             rather
             to
             defend
             himselfe
             then
             offend
             the
             king
             howsoeuer
             
             his
             actes
             might
             be
             mistaken
             .
             Whereupon
             the
             duke
             remooues
             from
             Stock-holand
             into
             the
             hart
             of
             y
             e
             countrey
             to
             a
             hold
             called
             the
             castle
             of
             Lynnkeeping
             .
             By
             the
             way
             the
             King
             had
             taken
             the
             castle
             of
             Calmer
             ,
             and
             detained
             the
             Captaine
             of
             the
             castle
             (
             placed
             there
             by
             the
             Duke
             )
             close
             prisoner
             .
             And
             though
             the
             Town
             was
             surely
             guarded
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             alwaies
             by
             him
             forelayd
             ,
             to
             intercept
             all
             newes
             ,
             yet
             a
             certaine
             Townesman
             vndertooke
             to
             carry
             the
             Duke
             intelligence
             therof
             ,
             with
             the
             consent
             of
             the
             principall
             in
             the
             Town
             ,
             such
             was
             the
             loue
             they
             bare
             vnto
             him
             .
             The
             Messenger
             because
             he
             could
             not
             passe
             the
             ports
             was
             let
             downe
             at
             a
             priuie
             ,
             ioyning
             to
             the
             Towne
             Walle
             ,
             and
             hauing
             past
             the
             kings
             Scowt-watch
             ,
             that
             lay
             in
             diuers
             places
             houering
             about
             the
             Town
             ,
             tooke
             so
             circumspectly
             the
             aduantage
             of
             the
             time
             ,
             y
             t
             in
             two
             daies
             he
             recouered
             the
             Dukes
             Army
             being
             vpon
             march
             ,
             to
             the
             castle
             of
             Linnekeeping
             ,
             The
             tenor
             of
             his
             message
             was
             ,
             that
             on
             no
             conditions
             hee
             should
             trust
             the
             King
             ,
             for
             that
             as
             well
             by
             the
             vsage
             of
             his
             officers
             in
             the
             castle
             of
             Calmer
             ,
             as
             other
             principall
             intelligence
             giuen
             to
             some
             (
             that
             loued
             the
             Duke
             too
             well
             to
             keepe
             it
             close
             )
             that
             the
             king
             purposed
             his
             vtter
             destruction
             ,
             and
             that
             there
             was
             no
             agréement
             to
             be
             made
             but
             onely
             coulorable
             (
             vpon
             any
             reconcilement
             )
             to
             foregoe
             a
             further
             mischiefe
             .
             The
             Duke
             though
             sad
             to
             heare
             these
             newes
             ,
             yet
             imbraced
             ,
             and
             rewarded
             the
             messenger
             .
             And
             vnderstanding
             there
             of
             the
             kinges
             remooue
             from
             Calmer
             to
             the
             castle
             of
             Sterborrow
             to
             his
             sister
             
               Preking
               Anne
            
             ,
             he
             bends
             all
             his
             forces
             thither
             ,
             and
             within
             three
             daies
             after
             came
             w●thin
             sight
             of
             the
             castle
             :
             he
             pitcht
             his
             Tent
             within
             a
             myle
             of
             the
             Towne
             ,
             before
             hee
             attempted
             any
             thing
             in
             any
             hostile
             maner
             ,
             sent
             some
             of
             his
             principall
             friends
             vnto
             the
             king
             ,
             and
             humbly
             desired
             him
             to
             know
             the
             cause
             of
             th●se
             vniust
             warres
             vndertaken
             :
             If
             the
             fault
             lay
             iustly
             in
             the
             Duke
             or
             any
             of
             his
             adherents
             ,
             they
             were
             content
             either
             to
             submit
             their
             liues
             to
             the
             law
             ,
             or
             to
             the
             kings
             mercy
             ,
             If
             any
             fault
             were
             supposed
             ,
             or
             but
             suggested
             ,
             they
             desired
             an
             indifferent
             Iudge
             :
             And
             if
             the
             fault
             were
             found
             (
             where
             in
             déede
             it
             lay
             )
             
             they
             desired
             the
             same
             vpon
             their
             aduersaries
             .
             Finally
             he
             besought
             his
             Maiestie
             that
             he
             would
             measure
             the
             nature
             of
             ill
             tōgues
             ,
             not
             by
             their
             sound
             but
             by
             their
             quality
             ,
             for
             there
             were
             some
             about
             him
             ,
             that
             nether
             loued
             him
             nor
             them
             ,
             nor
             y
             e
             land
             .
             The
             king
             receiued
             these
             messages
             ,
             gaue
             faire
             but
             dissembled
             words
             ,
             that
             if
             he
             would
             disperse
             his
             Army
             he
             would
             discharge
             his
             ,
             Confirme
             vnto
             him
             his
             place
             of
             gouernment
             ,
             and
             other
             offices
             he
             enioyed
             in
             the
             kingdome
             ,
             Prouided
             that
             Hartourbelk
             whom
             he
             detained
             as
             a
             prisoner
             ,
             might
             be
             deliuered
             ,
             and
             he
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Lords
             reconciled
             .
             The
             Duke
             answered
             to
             the
             first
             ,
             that
             if
             it
             would
             please
             his
             Maiesty
             to
             disperse
             his
             Army
             ,
             hée
             would
             doe
             the
             like
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             other
             vpon
             due
             consideration
             he
             should
             find
             him
             conformable
             .
             Twelue
             daies
             were
             thus
             spent
             in
             messages
             interchangeably
             between
             them
             The
             Duke
             meaning
             faithfully
             ,
             the
             King
             otherwise
             ,
             Both
             their
             Armies
             they
             still
             retaynd
             during
             which
             time
             ,
             the
             trapp
             was
             laid
             to
             intrappe
             the
             Duke
             .
             That
             vpon
             an
             interuiewe
             betwixt
             them
             in
             the
             sight
             of
             both
             their
             Armies
             Fe●●becke
             Duke
             of
             Leif-lande
             should
             rush
             in
             ,
             and
             vpon
             the
             sodaine
             surprise
             the
             Duke
             ,
             take
             him
             prisoner
             ,
             and
             carry
             him
             to
             the
             Castle
             aforesaid
             .
             But
             missing
             of
             his
             purpose
             beeing
             throughly
             countercharged
             by
             the
             Duke
             ,
             his
             minde
             was
             much
             perplexed
             in
             the
             vncertaine
             euent
             of
             his
             expectations
             ,
             His
             cogitations
             fought
             within
             themselues
             ,
             when
             sometimes
             hee
             would
             lay
             the
             fault
             vpon
             such
             ,
             as
             hee
             imployed
             in
             those
             businesses
             ,
             Sometimes
             he
             would
             place
             one
             ,
             somtimes
             displace
             another
             .
             In
             his
             owne
             iudgement
             thinking
             such
             a
             man
             fit
             to
             bee
             a
             Commander
             and
             sometimes
             another
             :
             Hée
             would
             like
             one
             to
             daye
             ,
             and
             to
             morrow
             vtterly
             distaste
             him
             .
             To
             submit
             hee
             thought
             dishonorable
             ,
             and
             worse
             then
             death
             ,
             for
             by
             open
             disgraces
             ,
             the
             fame
             of
             men
             growes
             odious
             .
             In
             this
             conflict
             of
             minde
             ,
             the
             King
             retyres
             with
             the
             Duke
             Ferns-becke
             to
             Steckborow
             ,
             knowing
             that
             the
             fortune
             of
             warre
             had
             not
             so
             done
             her
             worst
             ,
             but
             that
             she
             might
             beginne
             a
             new
             Tragedy
             ,
             and
             the
             rather
             for
             that
             his
             strength
             was
             weakened
             in
             the
             former
             assaults
             ,
             hauing
             lost
             two
             thousand
             of
             his
             men
             in
             the
             
             same
             :
             The
             Duke
             returning
             to
             the
             Leager
             ,
             and
             resting
             there
             that
             night
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             day
             the
             sonne
             had
             no
             sooner
             stept
             from
             the
             bed
             of
             Aurora
             ,
             but
             the
             Dukes
             Fléet
             remoues
             from
             Finland
             to
             Stock-borow
             ,
             beeing
             distante
             an
             hundreth
             leagues
             .
             The
             Kings
             fléete
             lies
             in
             a
             ha●●n
             betwéene
             two
             rockes
             .
             Duke
             Charles
             his
             Fléete
             ryding
             in
             the
             Mayne
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             perceiuing
             how
             he
             was
             charged
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             began
             to
             be
             diuersly
             distraughted
             ,
             sometimes
             hee
             resolues
             to
             vndergoe
             a
             meane
             estate
             ,
             alleaging
             that
             
               medium
               est
               tutissimum
            
             ,
             and
             
               Auli
               ca
               vita
               ,
               splendida
               miseria
               .
            
             Cares
             are
             the
             Contiunall
             Companions
             of
             a
             Crown
             ,
             when
             rest
             remaines
             in
             a
             lowe
             condition
             and
             fortune
             .
             Low
             shrubs
             féele
             least
             tempest
             ,
             In
             valleys
             is
             heard
             least
             thunder
             .
             In
             Country
             rooms
             is
             great
             rest
             ,
             and
             in
             little
             wealth
             the
             least
             disquiet
             .
             Dignitie
             treadeth
             vpon
             glasse
             ,
             and
             honor
             is
             like
             a
             fading
             herbe
             ,
             that
             when
             it
             bloometh
             most
             gorgeous
             then
             it
             blasteth
             .
             Sometimes
             hee
             thought
             to
             disguise
             himselfe
             &
             with
             his
             cloathes
             to
             change
             his
             thoughts
             ,
             that
             beeing
             poorely
             attyrde
             ,
             hee
             might
             bee
             mearely
             minded
             ,
             and
             measure
             his
             actions
             by
             the
             present
             fortune
             ,
             not
             by
             his
             former
             estate
             .
             Yet
             in
             the
             summons
             of
             these
             diuers
             thoughts
             and
             cogitations
             hee
             had
             some
             respectiue
             regard
             of
             his
             honour
             ,
             though
             all
             false
             ,
             yet
             his
             heart
             should
             not
             faint
             ,
             for
             the
             courage
             of
             a
             man
             is
             shewed
             in
             his
             resolution
             .
             In
             the
             middest
             of
             his
             extreames
             hee
             held
             it
             his
             safest
             course
             ,
             to
             flye
             by
             night
             with
             all
             his
             power
             ,
             sister
             ,
             and
             friends
             ,
             with
             a
             full
             purpose
             to
             attempt
             the
             winning
             of
             
               Wasten
               Castle
            
             ,
             being
             thrée
             or
             foure
             daies
             iourney
             from
             Steckborow
             .
             But
             the
             Duke
             that
             had
             waded
             through
             many
             dangers
             ,
             and
             in
             many
             aduentures
             both
             prosperous
             and
             lucky
             ,
             had
             gotten
             such
             reputation
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             highly
             preferred
             in
             the
             estimation
             of
             that
             Country
             put
             the
             King
             into
             such
             a
             Continuall
             feare
             of
             his
             pursuite
             knowing
             his
             strength
             vnable
             to
             match
             his
             Enemy
             .
          
           
             The
             Duke
             vnderstanding
             the
             King
             to
             be
             vnstayed
             in
             his
             resolution
             ,
             and
             to
             stand
             thus
             wauering
             betweene
             warre
             and
             peace
             (
             which
             danted
             the
             hearts
             of
             his
             people
             to
             bee
             seene
             in
             
             field
             ,
             leades
             his
             Army
             ,
             plants
             his
             ordenance
             against
             the
             Castle
             of
             Steckborow
             and
             takes
             the
             kings
             fléete
             with
             seuen
             tunne
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             all
             his
             regall
             Ornaments
             .
             The
             King
             had
             conuaied
             himselfe
             to
             the
             Castle
             of
             Linnekeeping
             ,
             and
             was
             there
             royally
             entertained
             ,
             howbeit
             in
             the
             middest
             of
             Solemnities
             ,
             the
             sad
             newes
             of
             that
             vnhappy
             accident
             was
             brought
             thither
             vnto
             him
             :
             At
             the
             hearing
             &
             relation
             wherof
             ,
             though
             hee
             was
             much
             agast
             ,
             yet
             with
             that
             kingly
             courage
             that
             his
             vnfortunate
             successe
             had
             left
             him
             ,
             he
             burst
             out
             into
             this
             or
             the
             like
             passion
             .
             
               If
               my
               moderation
               (
               quoth
               hée
               )
               in
               prosperity
               had
               béene
               answerable
               to
               the
               greatnesse
               of
               my
               birth
               ,
               and
               state
               ,
               or
               the
               successe
               of
               my
               last
               attempts
               to
               the
               resolution
               of
               my
               minde
               ,
               I
               might
               haue
               come
               to
               Linnekeeping
               ,
               in
               my
               accustomed
               honour
               ,
               and
               Royalty
               ,
               and
               not
               as
               a
               man
               thus
               wasted
               and
               spoiled
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               rather
               gazed
               vppon
               ,
               then
               honourably
               entertained
               .
               But
               what
               cloud
               soeuer
               hath
               darkned
               my
               present
               state
               ,
               yet
               haue
               the
               heauens
               ,
               and
               nature
               giuen
               me
               that
               ▪
               in
               birth
               &
               mind
               ,
               which
               none
               can
               vanquish
               or
               depriue
               me
               of
               .
               I
               sée
               that
               my
               enemies
               make
               their
               triumphs
               ,
               the
               subiect
               of
               my
               miseries
               ,
               and
               in
               my
               calamity
               as
               in
               a
               myrour
               may
               bée
               beheld
               their
               owne
               glory
               :
               yet
               let
               them
               know
               this
               ,
               that
               I
               am
               ,
               and
               was
               a
               prince
               ,
               furnished
               with
               strengh
               of
               men
               ,
               and
               abiliments
               of
               warre
               ,
               and
               what
               maruell
               is
               it
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               my
               chance
               to
               loose
               ,
               séeing
               experience
               teacheth
               ,
               that
               the
               euents
               of
               warre
               are
               variable
               ,
               and
               the
               successe
               of
               policy
               guided
               by
               vncertaine
               fates
               :
               The
               desire
               of
               souerainty
               admits
               no
               limitation
               ,
               and
               if
               Duke
               Charles
               must
               command
               all
               ,
               then
               all
               must
               obey
               .
               For
               mine
               own
               part
               whilst
               I
               am
               able
               ,
               I
               will
               make
               resistance
               ,
               and
               will
               bee
               vnwilling
               to
               submit
               my
               neck
               to
               a
               seruile
               yoake
               :
               For
               so
               farre
               the
               law
               of
               nature
               alloweth
               euery
               man
               to
               defend
               himselfe
               ,
               and
               to
               withstand
               force
               by
               force
               .
            
             This
             passion
             of
             the
             King
             filled
             the
             peoples
             hearts
             and
             eies
             with
             wonder
             ,
             and
             delight
             ,
             and
             with
             their
             best
             comfort
             and
             encouragement
             they
             promised
             their
             ioynt
             performances
             of
             duty
             .
             Insomuch
             as
             the
             King
             did
             therewith
             attempt
             the
             taking
             of
             
               Wasten
               Castle
            
             .
             But
             
             hee
             whom
             fortune
             had
             before
             striued
             to
             make
             vnfortunate
             did
             in
             this
             also
             faile
             ,
             and
             hath
             nothing
             left
             him
             to
             glory
             in
             that
             attempt
             ,
             but
             his
             lossé
             of
             men
             ,
             and
             of
             much
             expectation
             .
             These
             crosse
             accidents
             sat
             néer
             the
             Kings
             heart
             ,
             who
             with
             much
             cares
             and
             trauells
             had
             wearled
             his
             spirits
             ,
             and
             greatly
             spent
             the
             strength
             both
             of
             himselfe
             ▪
             and
             his
             people
             .
             For
             whatsoeuer
             hee
             determined
             ,
             was
             not
             carried
             with
             any
             such
             secret
             or
             politike
             course
             ,
             but
             that
             by
             some
             meanes
             or
             other
             the
             Duke
             had
             some
             notice
             thereof
             ,
             and
             still
             apprehended
             his
             drifts
             .
             For
             this
             was
             no
             sooner
             plotted
             ,
             but
             the
             Duke
             sends
             letters
             secretly
             to
             the
             Captain
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             not
             deliuer
             the
             Castle
             with
             his
             priuity
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             lying
             in
             Linnekeeping
             sends
             fiue
             hundreth
             men
             secretly
             to
             surprise
             the
             Castle
             ,
             yet
             was
             the
             same
             able
             to
             defend
             it selfe
             as
             indéed
             it
             did
             ,
             and
             the
             Captaine
             therein
             performed
             the
             Dukes
             will
             ,
             and
             retainde
             his
             credit
             ,
             without
             impeaches
             of
             his
             valor
             .
             Questionmēt
             were
             made
             whether
             they
             might
             enter
             into
             the
             Castle
             in
             the
             kings
             name
             ,
             but
             a
             peremtory
             answere
             was
             returned
             ,
             that
             without
             mandatory
             letters
             from
             the
             Duke
             ,
             there
             was
             nothing
             there
             to
             be
             expected
             but
             resistance
             :
             vpon
             this
             the
             kings
             mind
             was
             disquieted
             ,
             and
             a
             world
             of
             inward
             Conflictes
             encountred
             his
             cogitations
             ,
             as
             he
             stood
             doubtfully
             distract
             ,
             what
             he
             were
             best
             to
             doe
             :
             at
             last
             as
             fire
             cannot
             he
             hid
             in
             straw
             ,
             nor
             the
             nature
             of
             man
             so
             concealed
             ,
             but
             that
             at
             last
             it
             will
             breake
             out
             ,
             and
             haue
             his
             course
             :
             Soe
             fares
             it
             with
             the
             king
             ,
             who
             perceiuing
             his
             pleasure
             to
             be
             like
             Sicke-mens
             wills
             that
             are
             parall
             (
             which
             hauing
             no
             hand
             nor
             seale
             ,
             are
             the
             lawes
             of
             a
             Citie
             written
             in
             dust
             ,
             and
             are
             broken
             with
             the
             blast
             of
             euery
             wind
             )
             commanded
             that
             forthwith
             the
             Duke
             and
             all
             his
             adherents
             ,
             should
             bee
             proclaimed
             to
             stand
             in
             the
             state
             and
             nature
             of
             Traitors
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             The
             Kings
             Armie
             ,
             and
             the
             Dukes
             ioyne
             :
             Many
             on
             the
             Kings
             side
             slaine
             ,
             and
             taken
             prisoners
             .
          
           
             IT
             Was
             not
             long
             before
             this
             newes
             of
             the
             Kings
             procéedings
             ,
             in
             this
             manner
             against
             the
             Duke
             was
             made
             knowne
             vnto
             him
             :
             at
             which
             the
             Duke
             beganne
             to
             put
             on
             a
             furious
             countenance
             ,
             able
             to
             amaze
             any
             that
             made
             attempts
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             looking
             like
             Hercules
             when
             hee
             aduan●te
             himselfe
             against
             Achelaus
             ,
             he
             followes
             the
             King
             to
             Linnekeeping
             with
             all
             his
             power
             :
             〈◊〉
             in
             a
             mi●●y
             morning
             the
             morrow
             before
             Micha●●mas
             day
             ,
             ryses
             early
             ,
             calles
             his
             Souldiours
             togeather
             ,
             deuides
             his
             Army
             (
             consisting
             of
             fiftéene
             thousand
             men
             )
             into
             thrée
             seuerall
             bodies
             .
             One
             
               Iames
               Hill
            
             an
             English
             m●●
             〈◊〉
             the
             leading
             of
             the
             first
             :
             Captaine
             Scot
             being
             his
             Lie●●●●●nt
             ,
             
               ●ndreas
               Lemeston
            
             Leades
             the
             second
             the
             Duke
             himselfe
             with
             the
             thirty
             takes
             a
             wood
             within
             a
             mile
             of
             the
             Kinge
             lodging
             :
             Here
             might
             you
             sée
             these
             thrée
             ,
             shine
             like
             thrée
             meteors
             in
             the
             firmament
             ,
             all
             in
             steele
             ,
             their
             Courtes
             were
             campes
             and
             none
             Court●●●s
             ,
             but
             Souldiours
             .
             Such
             effect
             did
             the
             fier
             of
             discention
             worke
             in
             the
             hearts
             of
             these
             Enimies
             .
             Fortune
             turned
             the
             whéele
             of
             the
             Swethen
             and
             Polish
             state
             with
             vnsteady
             hand
             ,
             and
             had
             now
             almost
             brought
             it
             to
             the
             point
             she
             meant
             they
             should
             sit
             :
             shee
             tooke
             her
             fauours
             from
             them
             ?
             Or
             rather
             ,
             to
             speake
             of
             a
             power
             that
             controules
             fortune
             ,
             and
             whose
             very
             finger
             throwes
             downe
             kingdomes
             to
             vtter
             confusion
             ,
             or
             holdes
             them
             vp
             in
             their
             greatnes
             ,
             whether
             the
             generall
             sinnes
             of
             the
             people
             deserued
             this
             ,
             or
             whether
             the
             people
             were
             punished
             for
             the
             particular
             faults
             of
             the
             Princes
             ,
             or
             for
             what
             other
             causes
             soeuer
             ,
             the
             rodd
             of
             vengeance
             was
             laide
             vpon
             these
             Nations
             ,
             
             It
             is
             in
             man
             to
             thinke
             vpon
             ,
             and
             feare
             ,
             but
             not
             to
             examine
             .
             Yet
             sure
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             as
             fire
             catching
             hold
             at
             first
             but
             of
             some
             meane
             cottage
             in
             some
             end
             or
             corner
             of
             a
             City
             ,
             hath
             oftentimes
             (
             ere
             the
             fury
             of
             it
             could
             bée
             put
             out
             )
             swallowed
             vp
             in
             his
             flames
             the
             goodliest
             and
             most
             beautifull
             buildings
             ,
             that
             stood
             euen
             farthest
             out
             of
             reach
             :
             So
             did
             the
             Clouds
             of
             discention
             burst
             open
             th●ir
             vaines
             ,
             and
             let
             fall
             the
             poison
             of
             them
             on
             these
             seuerall
             kingdomes
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             expedition
             of
             these
             warres
             ,
             one
             
               Lucas
               Righter
            
             vndertakes
             to
             performe
             the
             Dukes
             pleasure
             in
             the
             proclamation
             of
             his
             intended
             procéedings
             vnto
             the
             Kings
             Army
             ,
             (
             which
             consisted
             of
             foure
             and
             twenty
             thousand
             men
             )
             .
             The
             tenor
             of
             the
             Dukes
             proclamation
             made
             knowne
             his
             greeuances
             which
             although
             it
             be
             not
             answered
             to
             expectation
             ,
             Yet
             
               Lucas
               Righter
            
             making
             his
             returne
             ,
             is
             royally
             rewarded
             by
             the
             Duke
             ,
             and
             appoin●ed
             that
             day
             to
             attend
             the
             Dukes
             person
             .
             The
             next
             day
             following
             the
             mist
             breakes
             vp
             ,
             and
             Armies
             discouer
             one
             another
             ,
             A
             ryuer
             being
             betwixt
             the
             King
             and
             the
             Duke
             ,
             right
             thousand
             of
             the
             Kings
             Souldiers
             were
             appointed
             to
             make
             good
             the
             bridge
             .
             Captaine
             Scot
             full
             of
             Courage
             and
             valour
             ,
             giues
             the
             Charge
             ,
             but
             receaues
             the
             ouerthrowe
             :
             the
             like
             successe
             had
             Captaine
             
               Hill
               Andreas
               Lemerson
            
             seconds
             them
             ,
             and
             bides
             the
             Shock
             .
          
           
             The
             Duke
             perceiuing
             this
             ,
             issues
             out
             of
             the
             wood
             alone
             hartens
             his
             Souldiers
             ,
             fills
             his
             ordinance
             (
             wanting
             shot
             )
             with
             pibbie
             stones
             ,
             and
             makes
             choice
             to
             encampe
             himselfe
             and
             his
             hoast
             ,
             euen
             on
             the
             top
             of
             a
             Hill
             naturally
             defenced
             from
             passage
             and
             if
             any
             were
             ,
             those
             hee
             stoppped
             vp
             with
             heapes
             of
             stones
             in
             manner
             of
             a
             Kampier
             :
             neare
             the
             foote
             whereof
             ranne
             a
             Riuer
             ,
             with
             an
             vncertaine
             ford
             ▪
             where
             a
             troope
             of
             his
             ●●st
             Souldiours
             were
             set
             in
             order
             to
             receaue
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             the
             more
             to
             animate
             the
             mindes
             of
             his
             men
             ,
             the
             leaders
             went
             about
             exhorting
             ,
             and
             encourageing
             the
             Souldiers
             ,
             taking
             all
             occasion
             of
             feare
             from
             them
             ,
             and
             putting
             them
             in
             hope
             with
             all
             inducements
             of
             warre
             .
             And
             the
             Duke
             himselfe
             coursing
             
             hither
             and
             thither
             ,
             protested
             that
             that
             day
             should
             bee
             the
             full
             end
             of
             their
             misfortunes
             ,
             and
             the
             beginning
             of
             their
             happinesse
             ,
             or
             else
             his
             owne
             perpetuall
             seruitude
             and
             bondage
             .
             The
             Souldiers
             vpon
             this
             shewde
             as
             great
             forwardnesse
             ,
             and
             as
             Ecchoes
             redoubled
             his
             wordes
             ,
             vowing
             neuer
             to
             yeeld
             ,
             eyther
             for
             woundes
             or
             for
             life
             ,
             which
             they
             were
             all
             ready
             to
             sacrifice
             in
             the
             cause
             of
             their
             Country
             :
             which
             resolution
             appearde
             in
             the
             squadron
             of
             Captaine
             Hill
             ,
             who
             leading
             his
             Army
             ,
             mette
             the
             Enemy
             with
             such
             a
             showre
             of
             shot
             ,
             that
             many
             were
             slaine
             ,
             and
             many
             wounded
             :
             
               Andreas
               Lemerson
            
             giues
             the
             second
             charge
             ,
             and
             that
             with
             so
             fierce
             an
             encounter
             ,
             that
             he
             seizeth
             vpon
             the
             enemies
             ordinance
             ,
             and
             turnes
             the
             same
             vpon
             them
             .
             In
             this
             conflict
             the
             Kinges
             Army
             is
             discomfited
             ,
             eight
             thousand
             of
             them
             being
             slaine
             ,
             drowned
             ,
             and
             taken
             Prisoners
             .
             Upon
             this
             sad
             successe
             ,
             the
             King
             being
             in
             the
             Castle
             of
             Linnekeeping
             calles
             a
             Parley
             .
             The
             Duke
             vpon
             knowledge
             of
             the
             Kings
             pleasure
             ,
             is
             willing
             to
             entertaine
             it
             ,
             Messengers
             are
             sent
             enterchangeably
             ,
             and
             vpon
             hearing
             and
             debating
             the
             gréeuances
             one
             of
             another
             ,
             the
             conditions
             are
             agréed
             vpon
             ,
             the
             Duke
             to
             haue
             pardon
             for
             what
             was
             past
             ,
             and
             whereas
             hee
             had
             one
             of
             his
             aduersaries
             already
             in
             his
             custody
             ,
             it
             was
             likewise
             agréede
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             haue
             the
             other
             These
             deliuered
             into
             his
             hands
             ,
             being
             the
             fowre
             Commissioners
             that
             disturbed
             the
             peace
             of
             Swethen
             ,
             which
             was
             performed
             accordingly
             ,
             so
             as
             the
             Duke
             detaines
             them
             prisoners
             with
             their
             wines
             and
             children
             :
             After
             this
             friendly
             coherence
             ,
             the
             Duke
             rides
             to
             the
             King
             with
             sixeteene
             of
             his
             men
             ,
             leauing
             charge
             notwithstanding
             with
             Lemerson
             ,
             that
             if
             hee
             returned
             not
             ,
             nor
             sent
             word
             to
             the
             contrary
             within
             halfe
             an
             howre
             ,
             hee
             should
             come
             to
             him
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             .
             The
             King
             and
             the
             Duke
             doe
             so
             well
             concord
             and
             agree
             ,
             as
             they
             dine
             together
             ,
             and
             are
             feasted
             very
             royally
             :
             all
             matters
             are
             pacified
             on
             eyther
             side
             ,
             so
             as
             a
             Rex-day
             is
             appointed
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             determined
             that
             the
             King
             shall
             haue
             his
             owne
             ,
             the
             Duke
             
             his
             ,
             and
             the
             disturbers
             of
             the
             peace
             their
             due
             .
             The
             King
             returneth
             to
             Steckborow
             to
             his
             Fléete
             ,
             the
             Duke
             to
             Carborowgh
             where
             the
             Dutches
             lay
             .
             The
             Peace
             being
             thus
             concluded
             ,
             the
             Duke
             dismisseth
             his
             Souldiers
             ,
             and
             receiues
             Letters
             from
             the
             King
             ,
             ●hat
             hee
             purposed
             to
             passe
             into
             his
             Country
             with
             a
             thousand
             men
             ,
             and
             desires
             prouision
             for
             them
             :
             The
             Duke
             receiues
             his
             message
             very
             kindly
             ,
             and
             returnes
             this
             answere
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             that
             if
             it
             pleased
             him
             ,
             hee
             should
             finde
             prouision
             for
             two
             thousand
             .
             As
             this
             prouision
             was
             preparing
             ,
             Fernsbecke
             Duke
             of
             Liefland
             perswades
             the
             King
             to
             returne
             with
             his
             power
             to
             Poland
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             stand
             to
             the
             Articles
             of
             agreement
             ,
             but
             to
             renew
             the
             warre
             ,
             alleadging
             that
             he
             could
             neuer
             be
             absolute
             King
             of
             Swethen
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             D.
             Charles
             liued
             :
             And
             this
             was
             the
             onely
             ground
             of
             the
             Ciuill
             warre
             that
             followed
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
             The
             King
             returnes
             to
             Poland
             ,
             Duke
             Charles
             renues
             the
             warre
             against
             the
             King
             his
             Nephew
             ,
             winnes
             the
             City
             and
             Castle
             of
             Calmer
             ,
             and
             setleth
             the
             state
             of
             the
             Dukedome
             of
             Finland
             .
          
           
             THe
             King
             hauing
             thus
             falsified
             his
             own
             promise
             ,
             and
             deceiued
             the
             Dukes
             expectation
             ,
             returned
             with
             all
             expedition
             into
             Poland
             ,
             landing
             at
             Danske
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             leauing
             the
             Castle
             of
             Calmer
             and
             certaine
             other
             holds
             adioyning
             ,
             strongly
             manned
             and
             victualed
             for
             a
             yeare
             :
             Duke
             Charles
             being
             much
             discontented
             with
             this
             vnkingly
             breach
             of
             his
             Nephewes
             promise
             ,
             knew
             now
             that
             it
             was
             no
             time
             to
             capitulate
             ,
             and
             that
             no
             solicitation
             ,
             nor
             any
             submissiue
             meanes
             would
             serue
             to
             appease
             the
             Kings
             anger
             ,
             and
             to
             reintegrate
             himselfe
             into
             his
             loue
             and
             good
             opinion
             ,
             called
             his
             
             chiefe
             friends
             about
             him
             ,
             to
             haue
             their
             aduise
             what
             was
             best
             to
             bee
             done
             in
             this
             weighty
             businesse
             :
             They
             all
             agréede
             that
             if
             it
             were
             possible
             they
             should
             recouer
             the
             Castle
             of
             Calmer
             that
             winter
             ,
             and
             certaine
             other
             holds
             lately
             manned
             and
             victualed
             by
             the
             King
             :
             whereupon
             the
             Duke
             with
             his
             Army
             marcheth
             to
             Greenekeeping
             ,
             a
             little
             City
             in
             Swethland
             ,
             where
             hauing
             certaine
             dayes
             rested
             and
             refreshed
             his
             Army
             ,
             he
             hasted
             to
             besiege
             the
             Castle
             of
             Calmer
             .
             The
             City
             being
             indefensible
             ,
             yeelded
             vnto
             him
             at
             his
             first
             approach
             :
             The
             Duke
             hauing
             made
             his
             entrance
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             deliuered
             sayre
             speeches
             to
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             the
             iust
             cause
             that
             was
             giuen
             him
             to
             renue
             the
             warre
             ,
             and
             that
             no
             ambitious
             desire
             or
             turbulent
             spirit
             of
             his
             owne
             ,
             drew
             him
             so
             violently
             to
             these
             actions
             of
             hostility
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             was
             full
             Master
             of
             his
             owne
             affections
             ,
             and
             the
             necessity
             of
             the
             time
             in
             the
             Kinges
             incensed
             hate
             against
             him
             ,
             did
             moue
             him
             to
             these
             Armes
             ,
             that
             being
             (
             quoth
             he
             )
             at
             the
             first
             but
             priuate
             betwixt
             him
             and
             the
             three
             Dukes
             his
             aduersaries
             ,
             that
             alwayes
             maligned
             his
             estate
             ,
             might
             very
             well
             without
             the
             generall
             disturbance
             of
             both
             kingdumes
             ,
             haue
             been
             ended
             long
             agoe
             ,
             and
             nexther
             hee
             helde
             guilty
             ,
             nor
             the
             land
             defiled
             with
             the
             shedding
             so
             much
             Polish
             and
             Swethish
             blood
             ,
             But
             sith
             the
             king
             had
             so
             vnkindly
             taken
             part
             with
             strangers
             against
             a
             kinsman
             ,
             and
             had
             so
             vnnaturally
             laid
             their
             treacherous
             plots
             against
             his
             loyalty
             ,
             nature
             and
             iustice
             were
             the
             faire
             protectors
             of
             his
             quarrels
             ,
             that
             should
             defend
             the
             equity
             of
             his
             cause
             against
             the
             mouth
             of
             enuy
             ,
             or
             any
             such
             calumnious
             tongues
             whatsoeuer
             .
          
           
             The
             Citizens
             that
             alwayes
             affect
             peace
             rather
             then
             war
             ,
             looking
             into
             the
             condition
             of
             the
             disturbed
             States
             ,
             were
             much
             perpleed
             in
             mind
             ,
             and
             seuerally
             distracted
             in
             their
             opinions
             ,
             being
             vncertaine
             how
             to
             stand
             affected
             :
             They
             knew
             that
             the
             right
             and
             title
             was
             in
             the
             King
             ,
             but
             the
             power
             and
             authority
             in
             the
             Duke
             :
             The
             king
             had
             the
             commaund
             of
             the
             Castle
             ,
             the
             Duke
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             City
             .
             Their
             feare
             exceeded
             their
             distrust
             ,
             for
             both
             the
             Dukes
             Army
             that
             lay
             in
             the
             City
             committed
             many
             outrages
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             Dukes
             
             strict
             Proclamation
             ,
             and
             againe
             the
             ordinance
             of
             the
             Castle
             augmented
             their
             feare
             ,
             and
             if
             
               Hergusten
               Boner
            
             that
             commaunded
             the
             Castle
             had
             had
             his
             wil
             ,
             the
             Ordenance
             had
             béene
             bent
             against
             the
             Towne
             .
             The
             Duke
             satisfying
             aswell
             as
             he
             could
             the
             feare
             of
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             beleaguers
             the
             Castle
             of
             Calmer
             ,
             there
             being
             a
             great
             mutiny
             within
             the
             Castle
             betwixt
             the
             Poles
             and
             the
             Swethians
             ,
             which
             serued
             excellently
             well
             for
             the
             Duke
             ,
             for
             
               Hergusten
               Boner
            
             that
             commaunded
             the
             Castle
             vnder
             the
             King
             ,
             agréede
             with
             the
             Poles
             to
             haue
             battered
             the
             City
             ,
             which
             the
             Swethean
             Souldiers
             resisted
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             from
             wordes
             they
             fell
             to
             blowes
             ,
             in
             which
             conflict
             the
             Swethens
             hauing
             the
             better
             ,
             tooke
             
               Hergusten
               Boner
            
             Prisoner
             ,
             together
             with
             all
             the
             Poles
             ,
             being
             to
             the
             number
             of
             thrée
             hundreth
             ,
             and
             knowing
             this
             Act
             to
             bee
             unanswerable
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             submitted
             themselues
             ,
             yeelded
             the
             Castle
             ,
             and
             gaue
             vp
             their
             Prisoners
             to
             Duke
             Charles
             .
             The
             Duke
             gently
             entertaines
             al
             but
             
               Hergusten
               Boner
            
             (
             his
             old
             enemy
             )
             whome
             hee
             sent
             Prisoner
             to
             Greephollam
             ,
             where
             hee
             remaines
             to
             this
             day
             .
             All
             the
             Poles
             hee
             sent
             new
             apparrelled
             with
             white
             staues
             in
             their
             hands
             ,
             fairely
             entreated
             ,
             to
             the
             King.
             The
             Duke
             hauing
             thus
             fortunately
             recouered
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             Castle
             of
             Calmer
             ,
             did
             strongly
             Manne
             them
             both
             ,
             and
             comforting
             the
             Ditizens
             in
             the
             best
             manner
             he
             could
             ,
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Army
             marched
             into
             the
             Dukedome
             of
             Finland
             ,
             it
             being
             a
             part
             of
             Swethland
             ,
             bordering
             vpon
             Russia
             ,
             and
             there
             beleaguerd
             the
             Castle
             of
             Oua
             ,
             and
             in
             few
             dayes
             wanne
             it
             ,
             still
             fairely
             entreating
             the
             Kinges
             Souldiers
             ,
             which
             in
             all
             places
             wanne
             him
             great
             commendations
             ,
             &
             hauing
             in
             short
             time
             quieted
             the
             Dukedome
             returned
             backe
             with
             his
             Army
             to
             Stockehollam
             ,
             where
             he
             rested
             the
             remainder
             of
             that
             winter
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Chap.
             VIII
             Duke
             Charles
             inuades
             the
             Dukedome
             of
             Liefland
             ,
             surpriseth
             most
             of
             the
             Townes
             and
             Castles
             of
             that
             country
             ,
             and
             is
             in
             a
             manner
             absolute
             possessor
             of
             the
             whole
             Dukedome
             .
          
           
             DUke
             Charles
             knowing
             his
             principall
             aduersary
             with
             the
             King
             to
             bee
             
               Fernes
               beck
            
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Liefland
             ,
             (
             which
             countrey
             notwithstanding
             it
             ioyneth
             with
             Swethland
             in
             law
             and
             language
             ,
             had
             neuerthe
             lesse
             a
             kind
             of
             absolute
             power
             and
             authoritie
             within
             it selfe
             )
             thought
             it
             best
             to
             beginne
             the
             warre
             in
             that
             countrey
             ,
             that
             the
             eye
             of
             his
             aduersaries
             looking
             into
             his
             actions
             there
             ,
             the
             Kinges
             forces
             might
             not
             be
             bent
             against
             his
             owne
             countrey
             ,
             the
             peace
             whereof
             hee
             much
             desired
             ,
             and
             to
             this
             end
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Sommer
             following
             hauing
             reinforced
             his
             Army
             ,
             Marched
             into
             the
             dukedome
             of
             Liefland
             ,
             The
             chiefe
             Citie
             whereof
             called
             Rauell
             yelded
             vnto
             him
             ,
             into
             the
             which
             he
             triumphantly
             entered
             .
             The
             Cittizens
             themselues
             ,
             whether
             for
             feare
             of
             his
             power
             ,
             or
             loue
             of
             his
             person
             ,
             shewed
             such
             tokens
             of
             submissiue
             dutie
             ,
             that
             there
             little
             letted
             a
             Contestation
             of
             their
             allegiance
             .
             Hauing
             there
             rested
             certaine
             daies
             he
             rayseth
             his
             Army
             and
             marcheth
             towards
             the
             Castle
             of
             Whettensten
             ,
             which
             in
             short
             time
             was
             yeelded
             vnto
             him
             .
             From
             thence
             he
             came
             to
             the
             City
             of
             Perno
             ,
             which
             he
             likewise
             tooke
             in
             ,
             placing
             there
             a
             strong
             garrison
             .
             He
             marched
             from
             thence
             to
             another
             strong
             Citie
             called
             Durpe
             ,
             and
             in
             fiue
             daies
             forced
             the
             Towne
             :
             fiue
             hundreth
             Polish
             Souldiours
             within
             the
             Towne
             submitted
             vnto
             him
             with
             tender
             of
             their
             seruice
             ,
             whom
             he
             gently
             intreated
             ,
             &
             entertained
             .
             They
             euer
             after
             seruing
             him
             in
             all
             his
             wars
             very
             faithully
             .
             The
             Lieflanders
             themselues
             ,
             noting
             the
             gentle
             behauiour
             of
             Duke
             Charles
             wisht
             in
             their
             hearts
             all
             good
             successe
             vnto
             him
             ,
             though
             they
             durst
             not
             shew
             it
             outwardly
             ,
             forfeare
             
             of
             their
             Lordes
             displeasure
             ,
             who
             in
             his
             rule
             bare
             euer
             such
             a
             rough
             hand
             ouer
             them
             ,
             that
             hee
             séemed
             a
             Tirant
             or
             an
             vniust
             Usurper
             ,
             rather
             then
             an
             honorable
             gouernour
             ,
             or
             a
             naturall
             prince
             .
          
           
             Duke
             Fernesbeck
             hauing
             some
             intelligence
             of
             the
             sodaine
             inuasion
             of
             his
             countrey
             ,
             raiseth
             with
             all
             the
             hast
             hee
             could
             ,
             all
             the
             powers
             hee
             could
             make
             ,
             being
             constituted
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             Generall
             of
             his
             warres
             ,
             and
             within
             a
             few
             daies
             landed
             in
             Liefland
             ,
             whereof
             Duke
             Charles
             hauing
             vnderstanding
             ,
             and
             fearing
             to
             be
             preuented
             ,
             sent
             very
             secretly
             and
             spéedily
             fifteene
             hundreth
             souldiours
             vnder
             the
             command
             of
             coronell
             Hill
             to
             surprise
             the
             citie
             of
             Venden
             ,
             but
             (
             I
             know
             not
             how
             )
             the
             plot
             being
             discouered
             ,
             and
             Ambuscadoes
             laide
             in
             the
             way
             by
             Fernesbeck
             ,
             they
             were
             sodainly
             charged
             ,
             and
             being
             weary
             and
             faint
             through
             a
             long
             marche
             ,
             were
             soone
             ouerthrowne
             ,
             and
             slame
             ,
             only
             the
             Coronell
             with
             seauenteene
             of
             his
             fellowers
             ,
             the
             poore
             remaine
             of
             so
             many
             hundreds
             ,
             making
             way
             with
             the
             sword
             ,
             through
             the
             fury
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             did
             wounderously
             escape
             ,
             bringing
             this
             sadnewes
             backe
             to
             their
             Lord.
             The
             Duke
             ,
             though
             it
             somewhat
             troubled
             him
             ,
             yet
             shewed
             no
             signe
             either
             of
             feare
             or
             sorrow
             ,
             but
             hartned
             on
             his
             souldiours
             to
             the
             reuenge
             of
             their
             fellowes
             deaths
             .
             There
             was
             nothing
             that
             aduantaged
             him
             more
             then
             his
             Celeritie
             in
             all
             his
             attempts
             ,
             for
             whensoeuer
             any
             aduantage
             was
             proffered
             ,
             hee
             would
             neuer
             pretermitte
             the
             least
             occasion
             .
             
               Duke
               Charles
            
             vpon
             the
             newes
             of
             this
             ouerthrow
             ,
             vnderstanding
             of
             new
             succours
             shortly
             to
             come
             out
             of
             Poland
             in
             the
             aide
             of
             Fernesbeck
             sodainly
             raiseth
             his
             (
             Army
             ,
             his
             Enimies
             supposing
             that
             the
             late
             ouerthrow
             had
             much
             quaild
             his
             courage
             ,
             and
             nothing
             lesse
             suspecting
             then
             what
             he
             intēded
             )
             marcheth
             with
             all
             spéed
             to
             the
             Citie
             of
             Venden
             ,
             into
             which
             
               Duke
               Fernesbeck
            
             but
             two
             daies
             before
             had
             made
             his
             triumphant
             entrance
             .
             The
             march
             was
             so
             speedily
             and
             secretly
             made
             ,
             that
             they
             of
             the
             Towne
             vnderstood
             not
             of
             his
             remooue
             from
             Durpe
             ,
             till
             they
             saw
             him
             with
             his
             Army
             before
             the
             walls
             of
             
               Venden
               .
               
               Ferns-beck
            
             staying
             within
             the
             Towne
             ,
             euery
             hower
             looking
             for
             his
             new
             supplies
             ,
             when
             he
             saw
             himselfe
             (
             thus
             vnlookt
             for
             )
             confronted
             by
             the
             Duke
             ,
             and
             his
             Army
             ,
             stood
             so
             amazed
             that
             a
             long
             time
             he
             was
             in
             doubt
             what
             it
             were
             best
             to
             doe
             .
             At
             last
             made
             a
             shew
             of
             resistance
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             defence
             of
             the
             Towne
             ;
             till
             the
             approach
             of
             the
             night
             following
             ,
             In
             which
             time
             he
             deuised
             such
             a
             plot
             ,
             that
             vtterly
             lost
             his
             honor
             ,
             and
             the
             Loue
             of
             all
             his
             friends
             within
             his
             Dukedome
             .
             For
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             night
             hauing
             throughly
             instructed
             his
             Commanders
             ,
             and
             followers
             ,
             what
             hee
             meant
             to
             doe
             ,
             No
             Townesman
             supposing
             what
             he
             purposed
             ,
             made
             an
             absolute
             spoile
             of
             the
             Towne
             ,
             ransacking
             euery
             mans
             house
             ,
             and
             carying
             away
             their
             plate
             ,
             money
             and
             iewels
             ,
             flyes
             closely
             away
             and
             leaues
             the
             Towne
             abandoned
             .
             Duke
             Charles
             had
             sodaine
             intelligence
             hereof
             ,
             and
             with
             all
             hast
             pursues
             him
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             way
             he
             takes
             certaine
             of
             Fernesbeckes
             Espials
             ,
             whome
             hauing
             threatened
             ,
             was
             by
             them
             conducted
             to
             the
             place
             where
             Duke
             Fernbecke
             that
             night
             encamped
             ,
             and
             hauing
             giuen
             the
             charge
             to
             Coronell
             Hill
             ,
             that
             was
             desirous
             to
             reuenge
             himselfe
             of
             his
             late
             ouerthrow
             ,
             sodainely
             set
             vpon
             them
             being
             at
             rest
             ,
             slew
             the
             most
             part
             of
             them
             ,
             recouers
             the
             goods
             taken
             a
             little
             before
             so
             violently
             and
             dishonourably
             out
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             Fernsbecke
             himselfe
             with
             a
             few
             of
             his
             followers
             hardly
             escaping
             .
          
           
             Duke
             Charles
             hauing
             thus
             recouered
             his
             late
             losse
             ,
             returnes
             with
             his
             Army
             to
             the
             Citie
             of
             Venden
             ,
             where
             ,
             with
             all
             acclamation
             of
             ioy
             hee
             was
             honorably
             entertained
             :
             Being
             thus
             seated
             in
             Venden
             ,
             within
             two
             daies
             after
             his
             aboad
             in
             the
             Town
             he
             sendeth
             Eight
             hundreth
             men
             vnder
             the
             cōduct
             of
             one
             Peerslompe
             ,
             a
             gallant
             Swethish
             Captaine
             ,
             to
             surprise
             the
             Castle
             of
             Newhall
             bordering
             vpon
             Russia
             ,
             which
             was
             by
             him
             fortunately
             atchieued
             ,
             who
             returning
             to
             the
             Duke
             gaue
             him
             presently
             the
             command
             of
             fiue
             thowsand
             men
             ,
             
               Coronell
               Hill
            
             being
             Steward
             of
             the
             feeld
             .
             The
             proiecte
             was
             to
             besiege
             Cokenhouse
             ,
             being
             then
             and
             at
             this
             day
             the
             strongest
             Castle
             in
             christendome
             .
             The
             duke
             thought
             
             if
             he
             could
             gaine
             this
             castle
             ,
             he
             were
             then
             thoroughly
             possest
             of
             all
             the
             dukedome
             ,
             hee
             himselfe
             purposed
             shortly
             after
             to
             second
             him
             .
             This
             gallant
             young
             gentleman
             with
             all
             speed
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             full
             spirit
             marcheth
             to
             this
             honorable
             exploit
             ,
             and
             encampeth
             his
             Army
             close
             to
             the
             walles
             of
             the
             Towne
             ,
             which
             being
             very
             strong
             ,
             &
             faithfull
             to
             their
             Lord
             ,
             endured
             a
             long
             siege
             with
             great
             effusion
             of
             blood
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             but
             at
             the
             comming
             of
             the
             Duke
             ,
             the
             Towne
             was
             taken
             ,
             and
             vpon
             a
             breach
             in
             the
             entrance
             of
             the
             Towne
             ,
             this
             young
             captaine
             was
             vnfortunately
             (
             but
             honorably
             )
             slaine
             with
             the
             shot
             of
             a
             Musket
             in
             his
             priuities
             ,
             sent
             from
             the
             castle
             :
             Duke
             Charles
             was
             very
             sorry
             for
             his
             death
             ,
             making
             a
             vow
             that
             he
             would
             neuer
             raise
             his
             Army
             ,
             till
             he
             had
             either
             forced
             the
             castle
             ,
             or
             followed
             the
             fortune
             of
             this
             gallant
             captaine
             .
             Three
             moneths
             the
             Duke
             lay
             before
             the
             castle
             with
             continuall
             batterie
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             end
             takes
             it
             ,
             and
             keepes
             it
             at
             this
             day
             .
             Upon
             the
             taking
             of
             the
             castle
             he
             was
             sufficiently
             reuenged
             for
             the
             death
             of
             Peereslompe
             .
             Thus
             all
             the
             castles
             ,
             houlds
             ,
             and
             fortresses
             ,
             in
             Liefland
             ,
             were
             in
             this
             Summer
             brought
             vnder
             the
             command
             of
             Duke
             Charles
             ,
             onely
             the
             castle
             of
             Ree
             ,
             which
             was
             second
             to
             none
             but
             Cokenhouse
             ,
             was
             yet
             left
             vnassaulted
             .
             Duke
             Charles
             hauing
             thus
             in
             a
             manner
             the
             entier
             possession
             of
             Liefland
             ,
             and
             being
             now
             wearied
             with
             this
             long
             toyle
             ,
             hearing
             no
             newes
             of
             Duke
             Fernesbeckes
             returne
             ,
             in
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             the
             Sommer
             ,
             hauing
             ordered
             his
             affaires
             in
             that
             countrey
             returned
             to
             his
             dutchesse
             into
             Swethland
             ,
             lying
             then
             in
             
               Stock
               holland
            
             ,
             before
             his
             going
             he
             left
             the
             cities
             &
             castles
             in
             the
             dukedome
             ,
             being
             thoroghly
             maned
             ,
             vnder
             the
             gouernmēt
             of
             his
             friends
             .
             The
             rest
             of
             his
             Army
             rested
             vnder
             the
             command
             of
             
               Coronell
               Hill
            
             ,
             who
             hauing
             directions
             from
             the
             Duke
             at
             his
             departure
             ,
             to
             attempt
             the
             taking
             of
             the
             Towne
             of
             Ree
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             castle
             ,
             set
             forwarde
             with
             hope
             and
             courage
             ,
             while
             the
             Duke
             was
             vpon
             his
             iourney
             into
             Swethland
             ,
             and
             encamped
             before
             the
             Towne
             of
             Ree
             ,
             burnt
             the
             suburbes
             ,
             assaulted
             the
             Towne
             ,
             battered
             the
             walles
             ,
             &c.
             
             But
             finding
             it
             stronger
             manned
             ,
             then
             either
             it
             was
             supposed
             ,
             or
             
             stood
             at
             that
             time
             with
             his
             power
             to
             force
             ,
             returned
             according
             to
             his
             directions
             to
             the
             Duke
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IX
             .
             Duke
             Charles
             winters
             in
             Swethland
             :
             takes
             order
             for
             the
             renewing
             of
             the
             warre
             :
             The
             Sommer
             following
             is
             fought
             withall
             in
             Liefland
             by
             Duke
             Fernsbeck
             ,
             and
             discomfited
             :
             His
             strange
             escape
             ,
             and
             recouery
             of
             Swethland
             .
          
           
             DUke
             Charles
             made
             his
             abode
             with
             his
             Dutches
             the
             Winter
             following
             in
             Swethland
             ,
             hauing
             still
             priuy
             intelligence
             from
             Poland
             of
             the
             Kings
             plotts
             ,
             &
             procéedings
             .
             That
             Winter
             nothing
             was
             attempted
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             prime
             of
             the
             Spring
             following
             Fernesbeck
             returned
             to
             Liefland
             with
             fiue
             thousand
             men
             .
             A
             greater
             power
             beeing
             appointed
             shortly
             to
             second
             him
             .
             Upon
             his
             landing
             he
             marched
             to
             the
             Towne
             and
             Castle
             of
             Ree
             ,
             where
             he
             reposed
             himselfe
             to
             vnderstand
             what
             Duke
             Charles
             intended
             to
             doe
             :
             Manie
             blamed
             the
             Duke
             for
             that
             hee
             let
             slip
             the
             taking
             in
             of
             the
             Castle
             ,
             which
             if
             it
             had
             béene
             ,
             Fernsbeck
             had
             had
             no
             place
             to
             haue
             retyred
             to
             in
             all
             his
             kingdome
             .
             But
             it
             is
             an
             casier
             matter
             for
             a
             man
             to
             Censure
             then
             to
             act
             :
             wordes
             are
             soone
             spokē
             ,
             so
             are
             not
             deeds
             performed
             ,
             for
             
               Coronel
               Hill
            
             Attempted
             with
             the
             remainder
             of
             y
             e
             army
             ,
             to
             do
             what
             was
             possible
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             but
             the
             winter
             being
             at
             hand
             ,
             which
             in
             that
             coast
             is
             very
             extreame
             ,
             his
             men
             wearied
             and
             weakned
             with
             a
             long
             sommers
             toyle
             ,
             euery
             mans
             naturall
             desire
             in
             y
             e
             Country
             to
             rest
             thēselues
             in
             their
             stones
             ,
             the
             winter
             season
             tooke
             away
             al
             possibility
             of
             winning
             the
             Castle
             Duke
             Charls
             vnderstāding
             of
             his
             Enemies
             arriuall
             at
             Ree
             ,
             let
             slip
             no
             time
             ,
             but
             suddenly
             raised
             his
             powers
             to
             the
             number
             of
             fiftéene
             thousand
             men
             ,
             tooke
             shipping
             at
             Stock-holland
             and
             landed
             with
             his
             
             whole
             Army
             safely
             within
             two
             daies
             ,
             within
             15.
             myles
             of
             Ree
             .
             His
             purpose
             was
             to
             haue
             sodainely
             beleaguerd
             the
             Castle
             before
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             enemies
             forces
             were
             Landed
             out
             of
             Poland
             ,
             which
             he
             vnderstood
             were
             ready
             to
             bee
             shipt
             :
             and
             to
             that
             end
             (
             hauing
             refreshed
             his
             Army
             )
             hee
             marched
             speedily
             and
             out
             of
             order
             ,
             in
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             the
             day
             towards
             the
             Castle
             of
             Ree
             ,
             supposing
             by
             the
             benefit
             of
             the
             night
             following
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             haue
             ensconc't
             and
             fortified
             himselfe
             .
             But
             as
             no
             man
             ,
             though
             neuer
             so
             circumspect
             ,
             can
             warrant
             to
             himselfe
             the
             assurance
             or
             continuance
             of
             successe
             ,
             and
             especially
             in
             the
             actions
             of
             warre
             ,
             where
             fortune
             bears
             a
             sway
             so
             this
             noble
             Duke
             found
             the
             nature
             of
             her
             fauours
             ,
             which
             shee
             had
             powred
             vpon
             him
             ,
             to
             be
             so
             vnstable
             ,
             that
             in
             a
             Minute
             she
             snatcht
             from
             him
             ,
             what
             a
             long
             time
             before
             she
             had
             prodigally
             bestowed
             .
             For
             Fernsbeck
             hauing
             intelligence
             of
             the
             Dukes
             landing
             ,
             sodenly
             issued
             out
             of
             the
             Castle
             with
             thrée
             thousand
             of
             his
             followers
             ,
             and
             hauing
             a
             place
             of
             great
             aduantage
             about
             thrée
             myles
             from
             the
             Castle
             ,
             the
             way
             that
             Duke
             Charles
             must
             of
             necessity
             passe
             ,
             tooke
             the
             benefit
             of
             the
             place
             and
             the
             night
             ,
             lying
             there
             in
             Ambush
             for
             the
             Dukes
             comming
             ,
             and
             giuing
             directions
             not
             to
             stirre
             till
             the
             vant
             guard
             of
             the
             Dukes
             Army
             had
             past
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             sodenlie
             to
             charge
             the
             battaile
             ,
             and
             the
             Rereward
             to
             giue
             the
             Alarum
             to
             the
             Castle
             ,
             At
             which
             time
             a
             Polish
             Captaine
             with
             thrée
             thousand
             Poles
             was
             appointed
             to
             charge
             the
             vantguard
             of
             the
             Dukes
             :
             which
             on
             all
             sides
             was
             accordingly
             accomplisht
             .
             The
             Duke
             being
             in
             the
             Battaile
             ,
             finding
             himselfe
             so
             sodainely
             and
             dangerously
             inuiron'd
             ,
             gaue
             (
             according
             to
             the
             Tyme
             )
             the
             best
             directions
             ,
             resist
             hee
             must
             of
             necessity
             ,
             Retyre
             he
             could
             not
             ▪
             wherfore
             ryding
             chéerefully
             vp
             &
             downe
             his
             Army
             ,
             gaue
             encouragement
             to
             his
             Souldiours
             ,
             making
             still
             the
             danger
             lesse
             then
             it
             was
             ,
             But
             Fernesbeck
             stirrd
             vp
             with
             a
             desire
             of
             reuenge
             ,
             and
             recouery
             of
             his
             dukedome
             ,
             and
             hauing
             aduantage
             of
             the
             place
             ,
             so
             violently
             assayled
             ,
             that
             at
             the
             first
             Charge
             he
             made
             a
             great
             breach
             into
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Dukes
             battaile
             ,
             she
             like
             was
             performed
             at
             the
             instant
             vpon
             the
             rereward
             by
             one
             Stockland
             ,
             a
             gallant
             young
             Polish
             Captaine
             .
          
           
           
             Thus
             all
             parts
             of
             the
             Army
             beeing
             assaulted
             ,
             that
             before
             was
             weary
             ,
             weake
             ,
             and
             fainte
             ,
             through
             a
             long
             Marche
             ,
             they
             were
             sodenly
             put
             into
             such
             a
             fear
             ,
             as
             begat
             much
             amazement
             in
             them
             ,
             so
             as
             men
             desperate
             of
             all
             hope
             to
             resist
             ,
             they
             flong
             away
             their
             weapoas
             and
             fled
             ,
             hoping
             to
             saue
             themselues
             that
             way
             ,
             wherein
             was
             least
             hope
             of
             safeguard
             .
             The
             Duke
             did
             what
             lay
             in
             his
             power
             to
             stay
             his
             flying
             Souldiers
             .
             But
             in
             this
             perplexed
             face
             of
             flight
             ,
             where
             nothing
             but
             the
             Caracters
             of
             feare
             and
             despaire
             could
             be
             séene
             ,
             no
             words
             could
             suffice
             ,
             nor
             any
             commanders
             tongue
             be
             regarded
             ,
             but
             in
             this
             confused
             manner
             they
             ran
             vpon
             their
             deaths
             ,
             whilst
             the
             enemy
             stood
             ready
             to
             receaue
             them
             .
             And
             in
             this
             horrour
             of
             blood
             and
             massacre
             ,
             the
             Dukes
             horse
             was
             slain
             vnder
             him
             ,
             he
             himselfe
             hurt
             ,
             and
             perceiuing
             no
             hope
             either
             by
             fight
             or
             flight
             ,
             hee
             fell
             downe
             (
             as
             dead
             )
             among
             the
             dead
             Carcasses
             ,
             reteyning
             a
             hope
             that
             way
             happely
             to
             saue
             himselfe
             .
             Of
             fifteene
             thousand
             men
             ,
             fourtéen
             thousand
             and
             odde
             were
             put
             to
             the
             sword
             ,
             the
             rest
             fled
             to
             their
             shippes
             .
             Euery
             man
             supposing
             the
             Duke
             to
             be
             slaine
             .
             The
             sad
             newes
             of
             this
             fatall
             ouerthrow
             and
             of
             the
             Dukes
             supposed
             death
             ,
             was
             soone
             brought
             into
             Swethland
             ,
             which
             vpon
             the
             hearing
             thereof
             ,
             shewed
             such
             a
             general
             face
             of
             sorrow
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             whole
             land
             had
             put
             on
             one
             entire
             mourning
             garment
             ,
             to
             attend
             his
             sad
             and
             vntimely
             funerals
             They
             now
             saw
             their
             Prince
             sodēly
             snatcht
             from
             them
             in
             the
             spring
             time
             of
             their
             hopes
             ,
             &
             in
             the
             prime
             of
             all
             his
             glory
             ,
             they
             found
             themselues
             naked
             ,
             and
             open
             to
             the
             Polish
             Tyranny
             .
             They
             feared
             their
             Religion
             and
             gouernment
             would
             now
             be
             forced
             and
             adulterated
             by
             the
             tyrannous
             command
             ,
             and
             superstitious
             customes
             of
             Poland
             ,
             wherewithall
             they
             knew
             their
             King
             was
             wholly
             corrupted
             .
             No
             heart
             so
             Noble
             ,
             no
             head
             so
             circumspect
             ,
             no
             hande
             so
             victorious
             ,
             to
             order
             the
             state
             ,
             manage
             the
             affaires
             ,
             and
             fight
             the
             battailes
             of
             their
             Countrey
             ,
             Now
             he
             was
             dead
             all
             hope
             was
             buried
             ,
             and
             all
             their
             happines
             ,
             and
             fréedom
             should
             be
             laid
             in
             the
             graue
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             last
             but
             not
             least
             of
             their
             sorrow
             ,
             they
             wanted
             his
             body
             to
             giue
             it
             honorable
             funerall
             .
          
           
           
             But
             as
             this
             false
             newes
             made
             them
             true
             mourners
             ,
             so
             this
             passion
             of
             sorrow
             for
             his
             supposed
             death
             ,
             was
             afterward
             turned
             into
             the
             contrary
             passiō
             of
             ioy
             ,
             for
             the
             Dukes
             strange
             and
             vnknowne
             deliuery
             :
             to
             whome
             wee
             will
             now
             returne
             ,
             hauing
             left
             him
             before
             among
             the
             dead
             carkases
             of
             his
             Souldiers
             .
             There
             was
             a
             young
             Gentleman
             of
             Swethland
             ,
             attendant
             to
             the
             Duke
             (
             whose
             name
             I
             could
             not
             learne
             )
             that
             saw
             the
             Duke
             when
             he
             fell
             ,
             thinking
             him
             with
             the
             rest
             to
             haue
             beene
             slaine
             ,
             and
             desirous
             to
             doe
             the
             last
             seruice
             to
             his
             Prince
             ,
             kept
             close
             (
             hauing
             a
             place
             fitte
             for
             his
             purpose
             )
             hoping
             to
             recouer
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Duke
             ,
             and
             finding
             in
             the
             darke
             of
             the
             night
             ,
             a
             certain
             Gentleman
             of
             Poland
             ,
             newly
             slaine
             ,
             shifteth
             armour
             and
             apparrell
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             hauing
             the
             Polish
             tongue
             ,
             vndertooke
             as
             one
             of
             Fernsbecks
             souldiers
             to
             rifle
             the
             dead
             bodies
             ,
             and
             hauing
             found
             the
             place
             where
             the
             Duke
             lay
             ,
             all
             imbrued
             with
             the
             bloud
             of
             his
             Souldiers
             ,
             and
             comming
             neere
             to
             raise
             the
             body
             ,
             the
             Duke
             beganne
             to
             striue
             :
             The
             Gentleman
             amased
             ,
             askt
             in
             fayre
             termes
             if
             he
             were
             aliue
             :
             to
             whome
             the
             Duke
             replyed
             ,
             Art
             thou
             my
             friend
             ?
             the
             Gentleman
             told
             him
             his
             name
             and
             purpose
             ,
             and
             sith
             he
             was
             aliue
             ,
             he
             should
             horse
             him selfe
             vpon
             the
             Gentlemans
             horse
             ,
             and
             flie
             vnto
             his
             ships
             ,
             vsing
             the
             benefite
             of
             the
             night
             for
             his
             escape
             ,
             while
             hee
             himselfe
             would
             make
             what
             shift
             he
             could
             to
             follow
             after
             .
             The
             Duke
             being
             thus
             raysed
             from
             this
             graue
             of
             bloud
             worse
             then
             Golgotha
             ,
             embracced
             him
             ,
             thankt
             him
             ,
             and
             spake
             these
             words
             ,
             
               God
               prosper
               thee
               ,
               whome
               if
               it
               please
               ,
               that
               thou
               shalt
               liue
               to
               out
               liue
               the
               fortunes
               of
               this
               night
               ,
               there
               was
               neuer
               man
               so
               deare
               ,
               as
               thou
               shalt
               be
               to
               thy
               Lord
            
             :
             wherevpon
             the
             Duke
             mounted
             ,
             and
             with
             all
             speed
             hasted
             to
             his
             shippes
             ,
             where
             the
             ioy
             of
             his
             comming
             was
             so
             much
             the
             greater
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             the
             feare
             before
             of
             his
             death
             was
             the
             stronger
             .
          
           
             The
             Gentleman
             whom
             hee
             left
             behind
             ,
             being
             vnluckely
             discouered
             ,
             was
             vnfortunately
             slaine
             ,
             which
             though
             the
             last
             ,
             was
             not
             the
             least
             honour
             he
             atchieued
             ,
             to
             die
             in
             the
             safegard
             of
             his
             Prince
             .
             The
             Duke
             stayed
             long
             for
             his
             returne
             ,
             
             but
             at
             length
             suspecting
             that
             which
             had
             happened
             ,
             hoyst
             saile
             and
             safely
             arriued
             in
             Swethland
             .
             It
             is
             a
             world
             to
             heare
             the
             concourse
             of
             people
             that
             from
             all
             parts
             came
             to
             sée
             him
             :
             Upon
             the
             newes
             of
             his
             landing
             ,
             they
             strewd
             flowers
             in
             the
             way
             ,
             as
             thinking
             the
             Earth
             vnworthy
             to
             beare
             him
             :
             they
             shewed
             all
             signes
             and
             tokens
             of
             ioy
             ,
             as
             now
             holding
             themselues
             free
             from
             those
             feares
             ,
             which
             the
             report
             of
             his
             death
             had
             before
             possest
             them
             with
             .
             Now
             as
             men
             newly
             reuiued
             ,
             they
             beganne
             to
             entertaine
             new
             hopes
             ,
             and
             to
             flatter
             themselues
             with
             a
             perpetuall
             stability
             of
             their
             estates
             :
             The
             Sunne
             ,
             which
             they
             supposed
             had
             made
             an
             eternall
             Set
             from
             their
             Horizon
             ,
             did
             now
             shine
             againe
             in
             the
             middest
             of
             their
             H●mispheare
             ,
             and
             this
             glad
             day
             ,
             after
             their
             sad
             night
             ,
             they
             made
             a
             generall
             vow
             sor
             euer
             to
             consecrate
             .
             Thus
             as
             in
             a
             triumphant
             manner
             the
             Duke
             helde
             on
             his
             course
             ,
             to
             Stockeholland
             ,
             where
             the
             triumphes
             for
             his
             deliuery
             he
             found
             doubled
             ,
             with
             the
             Dutches
             his
             wife
             ,
             his
             kindred
             and
             his
             neerest
             friends
             ,
             that
             in
             ioy
             of
             his
             returne
             feasted
             many
             dayes
             together
             .
          
           
             Duke
             Fernsbecke
             proud
             of
             the
             late
             victory
             ,
             let
             slippe
             no
             time
             ▪
             but
             hauing
             the
             seconds
             of
             his
             power
             ,
             safely
             landed
             out
             of
             Poland
             ,
             recouered
             many
             of
             his
             townes
             and
             Castles
             which
             hee
             before
             had
             lost
             ,
             and
             which
             he
             holdeth
             at
             this
             day
             :
             Duke
             ▪
             Charles
             did
             little
             that
             Summer
             ,
             but
             that
             hee
             sent
             certaine
             forces
             to
             strengthen
             those
             principall
             townes
             and
             〈◊〉
             in
             Liefland
             ,
             which
             he
             yet
             holdeth
             .
             And
             in
             this
             Summer
             ,
             not
             from
             any
             ambitions
             desire
             of
             his
             owne
             ,
             but
             the
             policy
             of
             the
             time
             ,
             in
             the
             state
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             so
             requi●●●●
             ,
             at
             the
             speciall
             instigation
             of
             his
             friends
             ,
             for
             the
             coun●●●●s
             good
             ,
             but
             principally
             vpon
             respect
             of
             the
             churches
             peace
             ,
             〈◊〉
             tooke
             vppon
             him
             the
             Crowne
             and
             Scepter
             of
             Swethland
             ,
             in
             the
             yeare
             of
             our
             Lord
             God
             ,
             1604.
             which
             hee
             doth
             still
             no●ly
             and
             peaceably
             gouerne
             ,
             as
             the
             state
             of
             the
             Time
             doth
             suffer
             .
             The
             wars
             being
             for
             the
             most
             part
             transferred
             into
             the
             Dukedome
             of
             Leifland
             .
             And
             thus
             as
             I
             〈◊〉
             enformed
             ,
             standeth
             the
             condition
             of
             the
             affaires
             of
             that
             kingdome
             at
             this
             time
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS