Distant Reader - subject-physicalSciences-gutenberg

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-06-07 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader gutenberg process, and the input was the result of a query applied to a local mirror of Project Gutenberg -- facet_subject:"Physical sciences". Then, for future reference, the results were saved to a Zip file complete with rudimentary bibliographics. The name of the file is input-file.zip. The Zip file was then unpacked and the contents saved to a cache as well as a directory of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 6 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 312,421 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 52,070 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 81. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

will, one, see, now, little, air, rob, water, time, us, great, monsieur, like, two, illustration, made, may, much, roger, boy, many, know, light, long, away, earth, way, must, even, make, sun, well, go, back, first, find, just, come, day, look, good, paul, fig, man, take, called, found, another, glass, still

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The Fairy-Land of Science, Round-about Rambles in Lands of Fact and Fancy, and Through Magic Glasses and Other Lectures A Sequel to The Fairyland of Science.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

monsieur roger, monsieur dalize, will see, miss miette, will find, let us, traveling machine, great deal, illustration illustration, illustration chapter, paul solange, madame dalize, master key, electric tube, see fig, years ago, long time, great many, carbonic acid, answered monsieur, every one, physical science, little girl, short time, will go, may see, shall see, one time, tell us, first time, white man, electrical devices, every day, one end, naked eye, just now, will make, green cells, old gentleman, answered rob, one day, come back, bright lines, far away, next moment, around us, magic glasses, will remember, will take, hundred years

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are In Search of a Son The Fairy-Land of Science, and The Master Key An Electrical Fairy Tale Founded Upon the Mysteries of Electricity.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

illustration, time, boy, way, water, turk, sun, rob, record, president, plant, mr., master, man, look, little, like, key, garment, fig, event, demon, work, wave, telescope, story, star, solange, round, roger, paul, orion, nest, moon, monsieur, miss, miette, madame, long, lion, line, light, lecture, joslyn, jenny, hulda, greek, great, good, glass

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be little, and Round-about Rambles in Lands of Fact and Fancy is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

rob, boy, said - The Master Key An Electrical Fairy Tale Founded Upon the Mysteries of Electricity
water, sun, air - Through Magic Glasses and Other Lectures A Sequel to The Fairyland of Science
monsieur, roger, paul - In Search of a Son
elements, loudly, rejects - The Master Key An Electrical Fairy Tale Founded Upon the Mysteries of Electricity
elements, loudly, rejects - The Master Key An Electrical Fairy Tale Founded Upon the Mysteries of Electricity

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

air, time, water, illustration, boy, earth, way, sun, light, day, man, glass, waves, one, eyes, world, tube, people, nothing, plants, men, feet, head, ground, room, night, life, side, place, sea, stars, moment, end, part, something, face, work, moon, things, hand, body, machine, years, country, plant, eye, cells, flower, oxygen, leaves

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, was, are, have, be, had, were, see, said, been, do, has, made, know, make, go, find, come, did, take, called, look, found, get, seen, think, saw, being, put, came, going, does, let, thought, ''s, tell, give, am, looked, say, took, began, looking, turned, answered, fall, understand, having, left, comes

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

_, rob, monsieur, roger, paul, miette, fig, demon, dalize, mr., miss, turk, turks, albert, master, solange, george, chapter, madame, elephant, c, record, president, paris, america, key, carl, bob, europe, england, electricity, garment, great, lion, joslyn, s, king, moss, orion, africa, heavens, greek, france, dr., story, lecture, fro, character, vesuvius, sir

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, he, you, his, i, they, we, them, him, their, our, its, your, us, her, she, my, me, himself, themselves, itself, yourself, herself, myself, one, ourselves, ours, yourselves, ''s, ''em, theirs, mine, yours, ye, thy, mb, yourself,--you, tart, smiling,--"you, satisfaction,--, oneself, horse,--the, him,--, hey, hers

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

little, other, great, many, good, more, long, same, such, small, few, old, large, own, last, much, first, young, beautiful, full, different, green, wonderful, dark, bright, white, new, next, tiny, high, able, right, whole, true, sure, red, electric, big, several, short, invisible, black, electrical, curious, hot, certain, open, strange, wild, second

not, so, very, up, then, now, out, down, only, as, away, even, again, more, here, just, n''t, all, there, still, back, never, much, soon, well, off, once, often, far, most, too, also, on, together, enough, yet, in, however, first, sometimes, ever, almost, quite, always, long, over, perhaps, at, about, really

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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