Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 30 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 54271 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 67 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 America 6 illustration 6 animal 6 North 6 New 6 Mr. 6 Miocene 6 Europe 6 Eocene 5 Tertiary 4 low 4 great 4 cretaceous 4 Zealand 4 Upper 4 South 4 Professor 3 permian 3 history 3 footnote 3 fig 3 Sea 3 India 3 Genesis 3 Devonian 3 Australia 3 Africa 2 water 2 palæarctic 2 oriental 2 modern 2 man 2 life 2 bone 2 bird 2 West 2 United 2 Triassic 2 Tasmania 2 States 2 Silurian 2 River 2 Post 2 Pliocene 2 Palæozoic 2 Museum 2 Mesozoic 2 Mammoth 2 Madagascar 2 Lower Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 3813 region 3204 specie 2888 animal 2484 form 2441 time 2387 foot 2353 water 2287 genera 2275 part 2022 bird 1868 family 1818 period 1760 rock 1716 group 1579 land 1551 man 1518 sea 1467 sp 1359 life 1323 earth 1259 number 1211 genus 1182 silver 1171 p. 1169 illustration 1161 case 1139 fossil 1134 bed 1133 fact 1132 order 1122 distribution 1116 fish 1111 bone 1089 copper 1070 type 1069 iron 1060 shell 1060 day 1024 deposit 1018 age 1007 place 1002 remain 960 side 937 way 936 tooth 935 island 919 work 914 lead 887 - 883 plant Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 86074 _ 14526 | 5129 ii 2042 America 1924 i. 1767 South 1597 New 1410 Africa 1348 sp 1299 Australia 1261 Europe 1173 North 1067 Miocene 893 N. 888 S. 764 Islands 711 Eocene 696 American 687 Mr. 657 Victoria 643 Zealand 639 Upper 638 . 636 India 628 Fig 619 Pliocene 610 Mexico 590 European 583 Tertiary 564 Professor 535 Agricola 527 Species 518 Wales 501 Brazil 468 China 450 W. 449 vol 441 Genera 436 pp 433 Silurian 430 De 424 West 424 Devonian 390 States 380 Madagascar 374 Dr. 367 Jurassic 367 Cainozoic 365 C 356 Central Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 12472 it 6637 we 5858 they 3055 he 2595 them 2423 i 1287 us 704 him 436 itself 393 you 346 themselves 294 me 234 himself 169 one 118 she 70 ourselves 50 myself 31 her 30 ''em 16 thee 14 ours 10 mine 9 herself 8 yourself 5 theirs 4 his 3 ''s 2 trevelyan 2 thyself 1 ys 1 yer 1 ye 1 us--"ready 1 trodden 1 out.= 1 oneself 1 notice,--the 1 interest:-- 1 hid''st 1 hers 1 given;--and 1 fluxes[6 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 56423 be 15422 have 4057 find 2499 make 2212 do 2022 see 1793 know 1434 give 1400 take 1357 say 1243 form 1230 show 1133 seem 1050 occur 1042 live 1031 contain 1003 call 987 come 963 belong 959 exist 952 appear 942 become 936 represent 822 place 817 remain 803 follow 712 use 670 describe 640 go 638 confine 617 consider 594 cover 590 leave 587 possess 582 consist 577 pass 574 extend 546 ally 516 indicate 512 carry 504 reach 501 suppose 495 believe 479 think 474 discover 473 develop 464 melt 454 bring 453 turn 450 inhabit Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5942 not 3555 more 3445 other 3207 great 2636 very 2618 so 2591 only 2157 large 2154 most 2145 long 2110 first 2065 also 2048 many 1899 now 1790 same 1741 such 1738 then 1668 small 1655 as 1644 well 1527 much 1420 low 1404 out 1348 peculiar 1275 even 1250 regions|sub 1241 up 1233 less 1218 high 1218 far 1209 however 1202 little 1146 | 1142 old 1035 oriental 1022 few 1021 thus 984 still 938 almost 909 early 901 here 895 whole 888 wide 886 probably 884 present 863 down 820 again 776 often 774 about 772 certain Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 564 most 324 least 217 good 212 large 174 high 151 low 149 great 133 early 127 old 106 near 71 Most 54 late 45 rich 42 small 36 common 26 fine 21 slight 20 long 19 strong 19 deep 17 simple 15 hard 13 noble 13 grand 10 wide 10 fit 9 strange 9 poor 9 manif 9 l 9 bad 8 light 8 close 7 new 7 minute 7 handsome 6 topmost 6 heavy 6 farth 5 young 5 pure 5 plain 5 furth 5 full 5 big 4 |Almost 4 wild 4 remote 4 narrow 4 lofty Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1590 most 96 well 84 least 8 long 4 oldest 2 lowest 2 hard 2 early 1 ¦ 1 near 1 latest 1 highest 1 greatest 1 fleetest 1 farthest 1 brightest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 232 _ see _ 60 _ see also 29 genera are _ 16 genera are peculiar 15 _ is also 14 _ are also 14 genus is _ 13 _ bes _ 11 _ are very 10 _ does not 10 _ is very 9 _ are common 8 _ is common 8 _ is only 8 species are _ 7 _ is characteristic 7 region has only 7 region is very 6 _ are abundant 6 _ are not 6 _ are peculiar 6 _ gives _ 6 _ is peculiar 6 genera are also 6 region comes next 6 species are peculiar 5 _ are characteristic 5 _ is most 5 _ show genera 5 forms are _ 5 genera are exclusively 5 man was not 5 region is well 5 species are now 5 time went on 4 _ are australian 4 _ are extremely 4 _ are still 4 _ being characteristic 4 _ do not 4 _ have also 4 _ is _ 4 _ is almost 4 _ is perhaps 4 _ is widely 4 _ show families 4 birds are almost 4 birds are very 4 birds do not 4 earth does not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 regions have no peculiar 2 time is not far 1 _ are no less 1 _ are not available 1 _ are not indigenous 1 _ are not more 1 _ are not so 1 _ are not very 1 _ does not otherwise 1 _ have no oil 1 _ is no doubt 1 _ is not first 1 _ was no doubt 1 america has not improbably 1 america have no genera 1 america is not due 1 america is not relatively 1 animal were not dense 1 animals are not merely 1 animals are not uniformly 1 animals is no larger 1 animals is not independent 1 animals show no distinct 1 australia has no wholly 1 bird being not flight 1 bird has no limit 1 bird is not uninstructive 1 birds are not much 1 birds have not long 1 birds is not unintelligible 1 earth does not consistently 1 earth was not moist 1 earth were not primitive 1 family shows no approximations 1 feet are not only 1 form is not very 1 forms are not numerous 1 forms are not really 1 forms are not remarkable 1 forms had no permanent 1 forms had no teeth 1 genera are not european 1 genera have no near 1 genera have no resident 1 genera is not yet 1 genus does not permanently 1 genus has not yet 1 genus is not only 1 group having no close 1 groups are not so A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 38015 author = Agricola, Georg title = De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556 date = keywords = A.D.; Agricola; Alchemists; Ancients; Appendix; B.C.; Bergmeister; Bermannus; Book; Century; Copper; Dioscorides; English; Fossilium; Freiberg; Greeks; King; Latin; Liquation; London; Metallica; Mines; Mining; Natura; Ore; Ortu; Pliny; Probierbüchlein; Saxony; VII; XXVII=; foot; furnace; german; gold; illustration; iron; large; lead; long; low; metal; note; place; prior; roman; second; silver; small; stone; vein; water summary = kinds of metals, namely gold, silver, copper, iron, tin and lead. silver, gold, tin, copper, iron, or lead ore, in which they all appear speak of _rudis_ gold, silver, quicksilver, copper, tin, bismuth, lead, contain any gold, silver, copper, or lead, and yet it is not a pure gold, silver, copper, or lead, they are mixed in precisely the same way small scale, with the smelting of silver, lead, copper, and tin ores of gold, silver, lead, copper, tin, bismuth, quicksilver, and iron of The ores of gold, silver, copper, and lead, are smelted in a furnace by appear that the lead-copper bullion was melted again with iron ore and at a time are placed in the furnace in which silver-lead is liquated chapters one each to silver, gold, tin, copper, iron, lead, and The ores of gold, silver, copper, lead, tin, and iron are id = 59074 author = Chapman, Frederick title = Australasian Fossils: A Students'' Manual of Palaeontology date = keywords = Australia; Cainozoic; Chapm; Creek; Devonian; Eth; Fig; Janjukian; N.S.W.; New; Proc; Queensland; River; Series; South; Tasmania; Upper; Victoria; Wales; Zealand; cretaceous; illustration summary = [Illustration: =Fig. 10.--A Fossil Shell (Pecten murrayanus, Tate).= in the Trias of Gosford, New South Wales (Fig. 18), and in the Jurassic River cliffs in South Australia, a bed of Cainozoic limestone contains Victoria and Queensland (Fig. 57): in New South Wales it is found at Mt. Lambie, Goonoo, Tamworth and Copeland in beds generally regarded as Upper localities in New South Wales as well as in Queensland (Fig. 58). oolitic limestones of Carboniferous age in Queensland and New South Wales. rocks of Middle Devonian age at Tamworth in New South Wales (Fig. 66). New South Wales contain several genera of Corals belonging to the group occur in the Cainozoic or Tertiary beds of South Australia, Victoria and Carbopermian (Upper Jurassic Series), near East Maitland, New South Wales In the Upper Devonian of New South Wales abundant remains occur of both _Pentamerus australis_, McCoy. Silurian: Victoria and New South Wales. id = 30297 author = Clemens, William Alvin title = Records of the Fossil Mammal Sinclairella, Family Apatemyidae, From the Chadronian and Orellan date = keywords = Colorado summary = Two fossils of Orellan age, found in northeastern Colorado _Sinclairella dakotensis_ Jepsen, part of a sample of a Chadronian New Jersey; RAM-UCR, Raymond Alf Museum, Webb School of descriptions of the type specimen are given in papers by Jepsen (1934) locality in Nebraska and fossils of Orellan age, also referable to _S. dakotensis_, have been collected at two localities in Colorado. _Description and comments._--The cusps of RAM-UCR no. 1. _Sinclairella dakotensis_ Jepsen, KU no. 1. _Sinclairella dakotensis_ Jepsen, KU no. P4 of the type specimen of _Sinclairella dakotensis_ different in size (table 1) or morphology of the cusps. 2. _Sinclairella dakotensis_ Jepsen, UCM no. right M2; Orellan, Weld County, Colorado; drawing by Mrs. Judith Hood: A small stylar cusp is present specimen from each of two Orellan fossil localities in northeastern of apatemyids described subsequently (note McKenna, 1960, figs. are discovered, the Orellan fossils described here are referred to id = 30260 author = Dalquest, Walter Woelber title = A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas date = keywords = Cynarctus summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, =Cynarctus fortidens= new species _Holotype._--Right maxilla bearing P3, P4, and M1, No. 11353 _Referred material._--Fragment of right lower mandible bearing m2, No. 11354 KU (see fig. 2. _Cynarctus fortidens_, No. 11354 KU (Midwestern 2. _Cynarctus fortidens_, No. 11354 KU (Midwestern Lateral view of right lower mandible and m2 × 1 and cusp between protocone and paracone of fourth upper (see page 225 of Two New Fossil Dogs of the Genus Cynarctus fortidens_ differs in lacking, instead of having, an accessory cusp between the protocone and Possibly the lower jaw and upper jaw are from two species but Canidae instead of to the family Procyonidae have been stated The holotype of _Cynarctus crucidens_ is from Williams fortidens_.--P3-M1, length, id = 42741 author = Dawson, John William, Sir title = The Story of the Earth and Man date = keywords = America; Cambrian; Carboniferous; Cloth; Devonian; England; Eocene; Eozoon; Europe; God; Laurentian; Mesozoic; Miocene; North; Palæozoic; Primordial; Sheep; Silurian; Tertiary; Trilobites; Upper; animal; cretaceous; great; history; life; low; modern; period; permian; plant; post summary = of the Neozoic.--Great Eocene Seas.--Land Animals old world, rocks of this age do not, so far as known, appear so representatives of all the great groups of animals which yet exist, animals have run through a great number of different forms, these in which the forms of Lower Silurian life continued to exist until forms, have existed from the Silurian to the present time. water, and the great continental plateaus were changed from coral seas great coal measures of the middle portion as the type of the land life those great low plains formed by the elevation of the former sea bed. fishes of the coal period very probably had, like their modern the sea, and notice the animal life of the great coral reefs and shell The next or closing period of this great Mesozoic time brought a prevalence of the modern types of coral animals and of a great number id = 31050 author = Eaton, Theodore H. (Theodore Hildreth) title = A New Order of Fishlike Amphibia From the Pennsylvanian of Kansas date = keywords = Hesperoherpeton; Peabody summary = surface probably fitted on a lateral process extending from the roof of The posterior edge is slightly concave and in part forms the anterior nasal and maxillary, and extends to the anterior edge of the orbit. lateral view, showing relatively large orbit and absence of smaller The dorsal margin of the orbit appears to be formed by the frontal. distance of 0.5 mm., the anterior edge bordering the frontal bone and posterior edge of the orbital fenestra, which opens ventrally, is 10.0 Probably the whole posterior surface of the braincase A, occipital view of skull; B, basioccipital bone in dorsal view of incomplete vertebra, probably near anterior end of column. Neural arch and intercentrum in end view, showing probable association. The shape, in end view, of a partly preserved neural arch (Fig. 7 A) posterior edge near the distal end, probably homologous with (1) the id = 30620 author = Fox, Richard C. title = Two New Pelycosaurs from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma date = keywords = Delorhynchus; tooth summary = the author recovered several tooth-bearing fragments of small _Type specimen._--Fragmentary left maxilla, bearing four teeth, KU 11118; fragmentary left maxilla having four teeth, the most posterior of the maxillary fragments bears four thecodont teeth. enlargement of any of the teeth, the longest tooth of each fragment extra-maxillary length of the undamaged teeth of the three fragments is recurvature of the four teeth present in the fragments of _Delorhynchus_ surfaces of the maxillary fragments indicate that _Delorhynchus_, in _Type specimen._--Fragmentary left dentary, bearing five teeth, the _Horizon and locality._--From the early Permian fissure deposits in the KU 11122, a fragment of the left dentary bearing two teeth, is 7.5 mm. The ?maxillary fragment bears two teeth which are 3.0 mm. _The Fort Sill Locality._--Peabody (1961) suggested that the fissures of Permian, and that the unusually abundant bones in the fissures were the concentration of bones in the fissures of Fort Sill represents the id = 34412 author = Galbreath, Edwin C. (Edwin Carter) title = A New Species of Heteromyid Rodent from the Middle Oligocene of Northeast Colorado with Remarks on the Skull date = keywords = Heliscomys; bone summary = the anterior part of a skull of _Heliscomys_ in the middle Oligocene posteroexternal cusp (metacone) anterior to central (hypocone) and lingual (entostyle) cusps, which are connected by a cingulum; internal of each cingulum opposite the straight median valley; rostrum deep and appearance to the rostrum of the Recent heteromyids, when viewed The frontal bone dorsally is relatively narrower than in any Recent the frontal bone meets the orbital processes of the palatine and of the lateral wall of the incisive (anterior palatine) foramen. wall of the root canal being formed by the upper surface of the bone. plate of bone, and embraces the posterior and lateral sides of the The maxillary process of the left palatine bone is united to palatine bone, posteromedial to the third molar, is the foramen orbital process of the maxillary bone, and the sphenopalatine foramen is cusps with the anterior cingulum. id = 33925 author = Hughes, J. Cecil (John Cecil) title = The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight date = keywords = Bay; Chalk; England; Eocene; Greensand; Island; Isle; Lower; Sandown; Shanklin; Upper; Wealden; Wight; low summary = those strata, the white chalk cliffs and the coloured sands, the of limestone and beds of clay, in cliffs of sandstone or of chalk, we Does sand on a sea shore ever become hard like rock, so that shells gradually layer after layer of sand and mud cover the sea bed round great river like the Niger, for the Wealden strata stretch,--often we come upon Wealden strata somewhat older than any in Sandown Bay. The shore at the Point at low tide is seen to be strewn with the this lies what is called the Lower Lobster bed, a brown clay and sand, sediment forming the clay points to a further sinking of the sea bed. in a gravel bed formed of flints worn out of the chalk by denudation. The Chalk strata in the Isle of Wight are of great thickness. sea, and beds deposited at the mouth of great rivers, where remains of id = 42584 author = Hutchinson, H. N. (Henry Neville) title = Extinct Monsters A Popular Account of Some of the Larger Forms of Ancient Animal Life date = keywords = America; Cope; Cuvier; Dinosaurs; Dr.; History; Ichthyosaurus; Iguanodon; India; Kensington; Lias; Mammoth; Mantell; Marsh; Mr.; Museum; Natural; New; Owen; Professor; Sea; Sir; South; Zealand; fig; great; illustration; plate summary = discovery of the long-tailed feathered bird with teeth--the reptile, with very small head and teeth, about twenty feet in length, Pterodactyls--Long-necked Sea-lizard--Cuttle-fish Down in those old seas and lakes she kept her great museum, in order Cuvier''s great work, entitled _Ossemens Fossiles_, will long remain an animal life took place, whereby, in the course of evolution, new types future discoveries of extinct forms of animal and plant life as fragments of bone he could restore the skeleton of an entire animal, More than twenty species of long-necked sea-lizards are known to Professor Owen, in his great work on _British Fossil Reptiles_, when long-necked sea-lizards were descended from an earlier form of land limb-bone in the Oxford Museum, from the great Oolite formation near limb-bones may be seen at the British Museum of Natural History, side [Illustration: Fig. 12.--Lower jaw-bone of Megalosaurus, with teeth.] limb-bones, and they also indicated a reptile of great size. id = 2627 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = On the Method of Zadig Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" date = keywords = King; Nautilus; Zadig; animal summary = fined Zadig four hundred ounces of gold for saying he had seen Zadig admitted that he had never either seen or heard of the horse of The tracks were exactly like those which dogs and horses leave; In fact, Zadig''s method was nothing we admit the validity of Zadig''s great principle, that like effects imply like causes, and that the process of reasoning from a shell, or a tooth, or a bone, to the nature of the animal to which it belonged, the animal which fabricated the Belemnite was more like _Nautilus,_ or confidently about the animal of the Belemnite, as Zadig was respecting retrospective prophecy of those who interpreted the facts of the case by But it may be said that the method of Zadig, which is simple reasoning made them had a tail like that of a horse, Cuvier, seeing that the teeth id = 2628 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Rise and Progress of Palaeontology Essay #2 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" date = keywords = Steno; animal; fossil; palaeontology summary = adequate investigation of the fossil remains of any large group of the animal kingdom the number of fossil forms already known is as great which our present knowledge of the facts of palaeontology and of those shells of existing marine or freshwater animals, they must have been Steno to the fossil bones of vertebrated animals, whether aquatic predict that the fossil belonged to an animal of the same group. When it was admitted that fossils are remains of animals freshwater, animals and plants, they are evidences of the existence of remains of fishes and of plants of which no species now exist in our the earth; that fossil remains indicate different climatal conditions The succession of the species of animals and plants in time being propositions: the first is, that fossils are the remains of animals and present time as the epoch in which the law of succession of the forms of id = 2629 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Lectures on Evolution Essay #3 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" date = keywords = Milton; animal; bird; evidence; evolution; form; hypothesis; present summary = came into existence at no great distance of time from the present; of existing animals and plants are taken by other forms, as numerous and present condition of things has existed for a comparatively short indications of the existence of terrestrial animals, other than birds, aquatic animals existed at a period as far antecedent to the deposition know of not the slightest evidence of the existence of birds before the period as four thousand years, no form of the hypothesis of evolution animals which are so closely allied to existing forms that, at one time, these remains, and present the appearance of beds of rock formed under of organic remains in a deposit, that animals or plants did not exist tertiary rocks; but, so far as our present knowledge goes, the birds of all existing birds, and so far resembles reptiles, in one important teeth, the _Hesperornis_ differs from every existing bird, and from id = 2630 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Interpreters of Genesis and the Interpreters of Nature Essay #4 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" date = keywords = Genesis; Gladstone; Mr.; population summary = affirmed in our time by natural science, that it may be taken as tends to show that the water, air, and land-populations of the globe I apprehend that when Mr. Gladstone uses the term "water-population" he Invertebrate _air_ and _land_population (Flying Insects and Scorpions). The water-population of vertebrated animals first appears in the Upper natural science says that the order of succession was water, land, and air-population, and not--as Mr. Gladstone, founding himself on Genesis, says--water, air, land-population. Yet natural science "affirms" his "fourfold order" to exactly the same evolution as applied to animals, Mr. Gladstone''s gloss on Genesis in the the succession of animal life which Mr. Gladstone finds in Genesis. the water-population, as a whole, appeared before the air and the which now compose our water, land, and air-populations, have come into If we represent the water, land, and air-populations by _a, b,_ and _c_ id = 2631 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Mr. Gladstone and Genesis Essay #5 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" date = keywords = Genesis; Gladstone; Leviticus; Mosaic; Mr.; footnote summary = reply, I cannot get away from my original conviction that, if Mr. Gladstone''s second proposition can be shown to be not merely inaccurate, but I think it counts for a good deal that Mr. Gladstone appears to have animals, are creeping things in the sense of the pentateuchal writer or Mr. Gladstone speaks of the author of the first chapter of Genesis as that natural science does not "affirm" the statement that birds were "plants, fishes, birds, mammals, and man," which, Mr. Gladstone affirms, And if, in a geological book, Mr. Gladstone finds the quite true statement that plants appeared before in which case mammals (which is what, I suppose, Mr. Gladstone means by far as it deals with matters of fact, may be taken seriously, as meaning speculations of the writer of Genesis; and, as I think that Mr. Gladstone might have been able to put his case with a good deal more id = 2632 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Lights of the Church and the Light of Science Essay #6 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" date = keywords = Deluge; Flood; Genesis; St.; Testament; footnote; history summary = histories of the time tell us what the King said, and what Bishop Juxon after generation, down to modern times, as stories of unquestionable narratives of apparently real events have no more value as history than "Adam, according to the Hebrew original, was for 243 years contemporary history of Abraham, and even of the Deluge, at third hand; and that of length, with the narrative of the Noachian Deluge given in Genesis. permit myself to hope that a long criticism of the story from the point Pentateuchal writer about the fact of the Deluge, would leave the ascertained physical facts, the story of the Noachian Deluge has no more one conclusion--that the story of the Flood in Genesis is merely a place; further, that, in point of fact, the story, in the plain and regarded as one of those pre-Abrahamic narratives, the historical truth [Footnote 1: _Bampton Lectures_ (1859), on "The Historical Evidence of id = 2633 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Hasisadra''s Adventure Essay #7 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" date = keywords = Euphrates; Hasisadra; Jordan; Mediterranean; Sea; footnote; valley; water summary = coming of a great flood; and it warned Hasisadra to lose no time in for believing that the story of Hasisadra''s flood was well known in conditions and the climate of the Euphrates valley, at that time, must evidence that it did happen--is to be accepted, surely Hasisadra''s story year of Noah''s age in which the flood began, the Pentateuchal story adds present site of the Dead Sea. From this time forth, the level of great Jordan-Arabah mere reached its highest level coincides with the In fact, the antiquity of the present Jordan-Arabah valley, as a hollow recent change of the sea level to the extent of 250 or 300 feet, the time at which the valley was occupied by the great mere. waters of the Dead Sea would become diluted; its level would rise; it that time onward, it has ever been covered by sea water. id = 2634 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Evolution of Theology: an Anthropological Study Essay #8 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" date = keywords = David; Elohim; Footnote; Israelites; Jahveh; Judges; Mariner; Moses; Samuel; Saul; Sheol; god; man summary = one deny that the old Israelites conceived Jahveh not only in the image must be assumed to have worshipped Jacob''s God, Jahveh, had carried off, as "strange gods" even as late as the eighth century B.C. The writer of the books of Samuel takes it quite as a matter of course prohibition to worship any supreme god other than Jahveh, which precedes spiritual existences known as Elohim, of whom Jahveh, the national God of Israel, is one; that, consistently with this view, Jahveh was as Saul dealt with the priests of the sanctuary of Jahveh at Nob. Nevertheless, Finow showed his practical belief in the gods during the books of Samuel without discovering that the old Israelites had a moral Israelites of the time of Samuel and Saul, is (to say the least) by no Therefore Saul said unto Jahveh, the Elohim of Israel, Shew the God I have substituted Jahveh and Elohim.] id = 30217 author = Jones, J. Knox title = Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico date = keywords = San summary = Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, portion of the San Josecito material to the University of Kansas for concerns material from San Josecito Cave. tetralophodon_ on a specimen from San Josecito. The San Josecito Cave collections are currently the property of the Los from San Josecito Cave, to Dr. Robert W. _Remarks._--The long-nosed bats from San Josecito Cave do not differ measurements of 22 specimens from San Josecito Cave, followed in The San Josecito specimens average larger than the San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo León, México. under whose direction the fossil materials from San Josecito Cave were _Desmodus stocki_, San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. The cave of San Josecito, Mexico. Bears from the Pleistocene cave of San Josecito, Nuevo Leon, id = 38013 author = Lucas, Frederic A. (Frederic Augustus) title = Animals of the Past date = keywords = America; Dinosaurs; Mammoth; Moa; Mr.; Museum; National; New; North; Professor; States; United; Zeuglodon; animal; bird; bone; fig; illustration summary = Earliest birds, 70; wings, 71; study of young animals, 73; the be considered as fossils; while the bones of many species of animals, we come upon a fossil bone, long since turned into stone, on which are first known member of the great group of backboned animals at whose head tracing back the history of animal life by means of fossil remains, but preserved specimens of another little fish-like creature, rarely if ever animal believed to be extinct had really lived over to the present day. very long neck and tail, and, for the size of the animal, a very small the largest animal of his time, upward of twenty-five feet in length, it comparing the bones of extinct animals with those of creatures that are shown, and that is by collecting the fossil remains of animals long reckon by years, we come upon a number of animals very much like horses, id = 1043 author = McCabe, Joseph title = The Story of Evolution date = keywords = Africa; Age; America; Asia; Australia; B.C.; Chamberlin; Coal; Eocene; Era; Europe; Ice; Jurassic; Mesozoic; Miocene; North; Professor; Tertiary; Triassic; animal; carboniferous; cretaceous; earth; find; great; permian summary = of living nature to-day, that for ages the early organisms had no hard life will be, to a great extent, the story of how animals and plants time little one-celled living units appeared in the waters of the earth, Two groups were developed from the primitive fish, which have great age, when large continents, with great inland seas, existed in North types for freer life, and the earth will pass into a new age. advancing life that a new type of organism has its period of triumph, the evolution of the higher types of land-life. Returning to the water, the primitive insects would develop gills, like The remaining land-life of the Coal-forest is confined to worm-like important preparation of the earth for higher land animals and plants. a period of low-lying land, great sea-invasions, and genial climate, Miocene period there is a great development of the horse-like mammals. id = 14279 author = Nicholson, Henry Alleyne title = The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science date = keywords = America; Birds; Brachiopods; Britain; Canada; Carboniferous; Crustaceans; Devonian; Eocene; Europe; Fishes; Foraminifera; Group; Jurassic; Lat; Limestone; Lower; Middle; Miocene; North; Old; Palæozoic; Post; Red; Rocks; Sandstone; Sea; Silurian; Tertiary; Trias; Triassic; Upper; cambrian; cretaceous; fig; illustration; low; mammal; permian; pliocene; reptile summary = life-forms--Geological range of different species--Persistent types of life--Modern origin of existing animals and plants--Reference of fossil forms to the existing primary divisions of the animal groups of animals and plants--Succession in time of the great Group of Fishes from the Devonian rocks of North America. calcareous matter formed _in place_, by the growth of shell-fish, the animal remains contained in these deposits--the fossils of some is represented in the Lower Silurian rocks by numerous Corals. group is represented by a great number of forms, sometimes of general change of _species_ the Upper Silurian animals belong for of great thickness; and these two groups of beds together form (4) _Lower Helderberg Group_.--The Upper Silurian period in North Almost all the known forms of this period belong to the two great [Illustration: Fig. 60.--Upper Silurian Star-fishes. corals and shells, and appearing in many specific forms (figs. [Illustration: Fig. 102.--Fishes of the Devonian rocks of America. id = 42043 author = Price, George McCready title = Illogical Geology, the Weakest Point in the Evolution Theory date = keywords = America; Dana; Europe; Man; Manual; Miocene; Pleistocene; Werner; Zittel; fact; history; life; modern; rock; tertiary summary = modern world, together with the great outstanding fact that human have at this great world-crisis left their fossils in the rocks all over these rocks, we have successive ages of various types of life, with question--Were the British Cretaceous rocks deposited at the same time rock was forming in one locality, =a totally different kind of deposit= fossils would in many cases be found to occur only in particular rocks, contained fossils the supreme test of the age of a rock deposit, we are the antagonism between the facts of the rocks and the theory of life the fossils can be said to occur as regards succession in time. containing =few= extinct forms, or nearly all living species, are Another great general fact about the fossil world may be stated about as saying that the evidence is conclusive that all geological time down to There is another great general fact about the fossil world which seems id = 56506 author = Wallace, Alfred Russel title = The Geographical Distribution of Animals, Volume 1 With a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth''s surface date = keywords = Africa; America; Asia; Australia; Borneo; Celebes; Central; Ceylon; China; Eocene; Ethiopian; Europe; European; Guinea; Himalayas; India; Islands; Japan; Java; Madagascar; Malaya; Mammalia; Miocene; Moluccas; Mr.; New; North; Pliocene; Post; South; Sumatra; Tasmania; Tertiary; Thibet; West; Zealand; brazilian; oriental; palæarctic; region; |Cosmopolite; |all; |the summary = Genera of Terrestrial Mammalia and Birds of the Palæarctic Region Genera of Terrestrial Mammalia and Birds in the Oriental Region (p. as forming with Europe and North Asia one great region. birds, and not many genera, are wholly confined to the Palæarctic region, a The next, or Mediterranean sub-region, comprises South Europe, North Africa land birds, altogether confined to it; these peculiar genera forming in several peculiar genera of birds which are all allied to Australian types. so rich in peculiar forms of animal life both in North America and Europe. become peculiar to the region by the recent extinction of an allied form or The remaining genera and species of temperate or north-European birds, do that South Africa possesses 18 peculiar genera of Mammalia, 12 of Birds, 18 GENERA OF TERRESTRIAL MAMMALIA AND BIRDS INHABITING THE ORIENTAL REGION. 19 genera in the family are {395}peculiar to the Australian region. id = 56507 author = Wallace, Alfred Russel title = The Geographical Distribution of Animals, Volume 2 With a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth''s surface date = keywords = Africa; America; Andes; Antilles; Bolivia; Borneo; Brazil; California; Central; Ceylon; Chili; China; Columbia; ETHIOPIAN; East; Eastern; Ecuador; Eocene; Europe; European; FAMILY; Genera; Genus; Guatemala; Guiana; Guinea; India; Islands; Java; Madagascar; Mexico; Miocene; NEARCTIC; New; North; Peru; Plata; Pliocene; SUB; South; Species; States; Temperate; Tertiary; Tropical; United; West; Zealand; australian; distribution; neotropical; oriental; palæarctic; regions|sub summary = {31}tropical America, only one species extending south as far as Chili. species) an isolated family of waders, ranging over the whole sub-region perch family, has five species confined to the fresh waters of South The genera of birds peculiar to this sub-region belong to the following species of which are grouped into six sub-families and 13 genera. Sub-family VIVERRINÆ.--_Viverra_ (3 species), North and tropical Africa, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions; _Athylax_ (3 species), Tropical and South species found in South America are peculiar to the Neotropical region. species of the family inhabits the northern half of South America. America from Brazil to Mexico; 4 genera and 8 species occur in Tropical sub-region, while 9 of the genera extend into Tropical North America. the genera and species form two groups, one in South Africa, the other in the Neotropical region with 2 families and 6 peculiar genera; the to Africa and South America, distinct genera inhabiting each region. id = 34056 author = Warren, John Collins title = Remarks on some fossil impressions in the sandstone rocks of Connecticut River date = keywords = Brontozoum; Hitchcock; President; impression; track summary = animals of the tortoise kind, having four feet, and five toes on each feet of birds, other animals, vegetables, and also of rain-drops, greater part of the impressions are called _new red sandstone_, to impressions resembling the feet of birds in sandstone rocks of that The number of toes in existing birds varies from two to five. fossil bird-tracks, the most frequent number is three, called each measuring ten by six feet, having a great number of impressions present the same divisions with existing birds; the inner toe having The reversed surface of this slab contains one tridactylous impression differs from that of birds in the number of toes pointing forwards; We have in this group a specimen of the track of a four-footed animal, unequal in size, and present a different number of toes. To the vegetable impressions discovered among the sandstone rocks a id = 39674 author = Webb, W. E. (William Edward) title = Buffalo Land Authentic Account of the Discoveries, Adventures, and Mishaps of a Scientific and Sporting Party in the Wild West date = keywords = Arkansas; BUFFALO; BUREAU; Bill; CHAPTER; City; Colon; Colorado; Creek; Dobeen; Fort; Hays; Indians; Kansas; Land; Mr.; New; PLAINS; Pacific; Professor; River; Rocky; Sachem; Shamus; Solomon; State; Topeka; White; Wolf; camp; come; great; hunting; illustration; like; man summary = WE SEE BUFFALO--ARRIVAL AT HAYS--GENERAL SHERIDAN AT THE FORT--INDIAN wild tribes the conditions are reversed--the Indian robs the white man. great grass-covered plains that we wander over delightedly to-day. The grass which covers the great plains of the Far West is more like One old fellow, evidently a leader in Buffalo Land, with long "Dobeen''s coming this way, at a bloody good run, and the buffalo after WHITE WOLF, THE CHEYENNE CHIEF--HUNGRY INDIANS--RETURN TO HAYS--A WHITE WOLF, THE CHEYENNE CHIEF--HUNGRY INDIANS--RETURN TO HAYS--A Let these savages of the plains meet a white man, As night came on, the moon went up in a great rush of light, like the A mile away buffalo were feeding in large numbers, and our men pointed surface of the plains shed the waters like a roof; streams rose ten feet day out, two old buffaloes, near our road, were selected as good id = 26542 author = Wortman, Jacob Lawson title = On The Affinities of Leptarctus primus of Leidy American Museum of Natural History, Vol. VI, Article VIII, pp. 229-331. date = keywords = Leptarctus summary = _On the Affinities of Leptarctus primus of Leidy._ Article VIII.--ON THE AFFINITIES OF LEPTARCTUS PRIMUS OF LEIDY. =Leptarctus primus= _Leidy_. The first premolar is not preserved, but its alveolus indicates that it was a single-rooted tooth, placed behind the canine after the to these cusps a distinct basal cingulum, most prominent in the region the third premolar the posterior cusp is much better developed, and deep and prominent, and the coronoid is high and broad. The jaw of _Leptarctus_ differs from that of _Cercoleptes_ in the extent; the condyle is not placed so high; the angle is elevated above but differs from that of _Leptarctus_ in having an external groove as premolars in the lower jaw; the middle one, however, has only a single cusp upon the crown, whereas _Leptarctus_ has two. jaw, the reduction of the number of premolars, the reduction in size