The case stated between England and the United Provinces in this present juncture together with a short view of those Netherlanders in their late practises as to religion, liberty, leagues, treaties, amities / publish'd by a friend to this commonwealth.
         Friend to this commonwealth.
      
       
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             The case stated between England and the United Provinces in this present juncture together with a short view of those Netherlanders in their late practises as to religion, liberty, leagues, treaties, amities / publish'd by a friend to this commonwealth.
             Friend to this commonwealth.
          
           [2], 54 p.
           
             Printed by Tho. Newcomb,
             London :
             1652.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Great Britain -- Foreign relations -- Netherlands.
           Netherlands -- Foreign relations -- Great Britain.
           Netherlands -- History -- 1648-1714.
        
      
    
       A31203  R9758  (Wing C1204).  civilwar no The case stated between England and the United Provinces, in this present juncture. Together with a short view of those Netherlanders in the [no entry] 1652    23651 7 0 0 0 0 0 3 B  The  rate of 3 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the B category of texts with fewer than 10 defects per 10,000 words. 
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           THE
           Case
           Stated
           BETWEEN
           ENGLAND
           And
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           
             In
             this
             present
             Juncture
             .
          
           Together
           with
           a
           short
           view
           of
           those
           
             Netherlanders
          
           in
           their
           late
           Practises
        
         
           As
           to
           —
           
             
               
                 Religion
                 ,
              
            
             
               
                 Liberty
                 ,
              
            
             
               
                 Leagues
                 ,
              
            
             
               
                 Treaties
                 ,
              
            
             
               
                 Amities
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           Publish'd
           for
           the
           Information
           of
           ,
           and
           a
           warning
           to
           
             England
             ;
          
        
         
           By
           a
           Friend
           to
           this
           
             Commonwealth
             .
          
        
         
           —
           They
           rewarded
           me
           Evill
           for
           Good
           ,
           
             Psalm
             35.
             12.
             
          
        
         
           And
           
             Joab
          
           said
           unto
           
             Amasa
             ,
          
           Art
           thou
           in
           health
           my
           brother
           :
           and
           
             Joab
          
           took
           
             Amasa
          
           by
           the
           beard
           with
           the
           right
           hand
           to
           Kiss
           him
           ,
           but
           
             Amasa
          
           took
           no
           heed
           to
           the
           Sword
           that
           was
           in
           
             Joabs
          
           hand
           ;
           so
           he
           smote
           him
           therewith
           in
           the
           Fift
           Ribb
           ,
           
             2
             Sam.
             22.
             9
             ,
             10.
             
          
        
         
           Who
           knowing
           the
           Judgment
           of
           God
           (
           that
           they
           which
           commit
           such
           things
           are
           worthy
           of
           Death
           )
           not
           only
           do
           the
           same
           ,
           but
           have
           pleasure
           in
           them
           that
           doe
           them
           ,
           
             Rom.
             1.
             32.
             
          
        
         
           For
           thus
           saith
           the
           Lord
           of
           Hosts
           ,
           After
           the
           Glory
           hath
           he
           sent
           me
           to
           the
           Nations
           that
           spoiled
           you
           ;
           for
           he
           that
           toucheth
           you
           ,
           toucheth
           the
           Apple
           of
           his
           Eye
           ,
           
             Zach.
             2.
             8.
             
          
        
         
           
             London
             ,
          
           Printed
           by
           
             Tho.
             Newcomb
             ,
          
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           
             Anthony
             Williamson
          
           at
           the
           Queens-arms
           in
           
             Pauls
          
           church-yard
           ,
           near
           the
           West-end
           ,
           
             M.
             DC
             .
             LII
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
       
       
         
           The
           Case
           stated
           between
           ENGLAND
           and
           the
           UNITED
           
             Provinces
             ,
             in
             this
             present
             Juncture
             .
          
        
         
           HAd
           it
           pleas'd
           the
           supream
           disposer
           of
           all
           things
           (
           who
           changeth
           times
           and
           seasons
           ,
           and
           doth
           with
           the
           Nations
           of
           the
           World
           as
           he
           pleaseth
           )
           to
           have
           continued
           the
           ancient
           Amity
           and
           friendship
           that
           hath
           been
           between
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           
             England
          
           and
           the
           
             Vnited
             Provinces
          
           (
           which
           on
           our
           parts
           hath
           always
           been
           endeavoured
           )
           It
           would
           have
           been
           matter
           of
           great
           content
           unto
           us
           ,
           to
           have
           wanted
           the
           opportunity
           of
           discourses
           of
           this
           nature
           ,
           the
           
             English
          
           Nation
           having
           given
           for
           almost
           a
           century
           of
           years
           together
           ,
           the
           most
           unparalel'd
           Testimonies
           of
           their
           affections
           and
           love
           unto
           those
           Countreys
           ;
           but
           since
           they
           seem
           to
           chuse
           War
           rather
           then
           Peace
           ,
           in
           bringing
           their
           armed
           Fleets
           to
           our
           borders
           ,
           and
           there
           in
           a
           hostile
           manner
           assaulting
           ,
           and
           endeavouring
           to
           destroy
           part
           of
           our
           Navy
           ,
           whilst
           the
           Amity
           between
           them
           and
           us
           continued
           ,
           yea
           ,
           
             even
             when
             their
             Ambassadors
             were
             treating
             with
             us
             for
             a
             strict
             League
             and
             Vnion
             ;
          
           and
           notwithstanding
           the
           great
           tenderness
           of
           this
           State
           to
           avoid
           every
           thing
           that
           might
           lead
           to
           a
           Rupture
           ,
           saving
           the
           undoubted
           Rights
           and
           Dominion
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           and
           the
           Justice
           they
           ought
           to
           administer
           to
           their
           People
           ,
           thereby
           enforcing
           us
           to
           some
           engagement
           ;
           and
           seeing
           how
           necessary
           it
           is
           in
           such
           times
           as
           these
           ,
           that
           the
           People
           be
           rightly
           informed
           in
           the
           state
           of
           things
           ,
           I
           have
           briefly
           placed
           a
           few
           things
           together
           as
           the
           state
           of
           the
           Case
           ,
           whereby
           the
           People
           of
           
             England
          
           may
           know
           ,
           how
           much
           it
           concerneth
           them
           to
           look
           about
           in
           this
           present
           Juncture
           .
        
         
         
           When
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           was
           likely
           to
           have
           swallowed
           up
           the
           People
           of
           the
           
             Vnited
             Provinces
             ,
          
           their
           Libertie
           and
           Exercise
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           in
           the
           days
           of
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
             ,
          
           and
           the
           sad
           groans
           of
           those
           
             then
             distressed
             States
             ;
          
           were
           by
           their
           Publick
           Ministers
           breathed
           forth
           to
           the
           State
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           though
           the
           constitution
           then
           of
           this
           Nation
           was
           under
           Monarchy
           ;
           Though
           the
           Nation
           had
           but
           then
           abandoned
           the
           practise
           of
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           professed
           therein
           for
           many
           hundreds
           of
           years
           before
           ,
           which
           greatly
           dissetled
           the
           Peace
           thereof
           ,
           and
           caused
           many
           Rebellions
           ;
           Though
           this
           Nation
           was
           then
           engaged
           in
           War
           with
           
             Ireland
          
           and
           the
           Countreys
           about
           ;
           Though
           the
           chief
           Government
           thereof
           was
           by
           a
           Woman
           ,
           matter
           of
           encouragement
           to
           Enemies
           both
           abroad
           and
           at
           home
           to
           designe
           upon
           
             England
             ;
          
           Though
           all
           these
           were
           very
           great
           grounds
           ,
           wherefore
           
             England
          
           should
           have
           looked
           to
           her self
           ,
           and
           not
           empty
           her
           Treasures
           ,
           and
           weaken
           her
           Force
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           others
           ,
           especially
           when
           that
           thereby
           she
           was
           likely
           to
           provoke
           the
           
             Spanish
          
           Powers
           against
           her self
           (
           as
           it
           afterwards
           fell
           out
           in
           1588
           )
           yet
           so
           open
           was
           the
           heart
           of
           the
           People
           of
           
             England
          
           to
           receive
           the
           cries
           of
           the
           
             Vnited
             Provinces
             ,
          
           so
           tenderly
           did
           they
           resent
           their
           Condition
           ,
           that
           as
           if
           it
           were
           not
           now
           the
           
             Dutch
             ,
          
           but
           the
           condition
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           they
           willingly
           espoused
           their
           Quarrel
           ,
           undertook
           their
           Protection
           :
           the
           Parliament
           of
           
             England
          
           advanced
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
          
           several
           subsidies
           for
           this
           work
           ,
           and
           
             England
          
           enabled
           her
           to
           lend
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           eleven
           hundred
           thousand
           Pound
           Sterling
           ,
           (
           which
           was
           a
           great
           sum
           of
           mony
           in
           those
           days
           ,
           and
           to
           them
           especially
           ,
           who
           could
           then
           hardly
           raise
           any
           considerable
           sum
           for
           the
           management
           of
           so
           great
           an
           affair
           in
           all
           their
           Provinces
           )
           ship'd
           them
           over
           many
           thousands
           of
           
             English
          
           men
           ,
           when
           their
           own
           Countrey
           afforded
           very
           few
           Souldiers
           :
           and
           all
           this
           when
           neither
           League
           ,
           Amity
           ,
           or
           Reciprocall
           kindness
           required
           them
           thereunto
           ;
           and
           which
           through
           the
           goodness
           of
           God
           )
           put
           a
           present
           stop
           to
           the
           
             Spaniard
             ,
          
           who
           was
           breaking
           in
           upon
           them
           like
           the
           breach
           of
           the
           sea
           ;
           and
           in
           time
           helped
           them
           into
           that
           condition
           which
           hath
           occasioned
           them
           to
           give
           themselves
           the
           title
           of
           
             High
             and
             Mighty
             States
             ;
          
           and
           assisted
           their
           Nation
           so
           ,
           not
           for
           a
           year
           ,
           but
           for
           above
           four
           score
           years
           ;
           
           not
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           their
           Wars
           only
           ,
           but
           till
           the
           last
           year
           ,
           that
           by
           Peace
           there
           was
           an
           end
           of
           War
           ;
           not
           when
           their
           condition
           had
           a
           probable
           dress
           of
           advantage
           upon
           it
           ,
           but
           when
           it
           was
           under
           the
           greatest
           improbabilities
           :
           and
           this
           not
           with
           a
           thousand
           mens
           lives
           onely
           ,
           but
           with
           the
           lives
           of
           many
           thousands
           ,
           whose
           blood
           was
           shed
           in
           their
           Wars
           .
           Nor
           did
           the
           necessity
           of
           our
           Engagements
           with
           Rebels
           within
           ,
           and
           the
           neighbour
           Nations
           round
           about
           ,
           cause
           us
           to
           withdraw
           our
           help
           from
           them
           ;
           but
           so
           dear
           were
           their
           Liberties
           and
           the
           profession
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           with
           them
           to
           us
           ,
           that
           it
           seem'd
           to
           be
           but
           one
           Nation
           ,
           one
           Cause
           and
           quarrel
           ;
           being
           entertained
           by
           us
           with
           the
           affections
           of
           Brethren
           ,
           the
           love
           of
           Friends
           ,
           and
           the
           respects
           of
           Neighbours
           and
           Allyes
           ;
           nor
           have
           we
           envyed
           at
           ,
           but
           rejoyced
           in
           their
           welfare
           and
           prosperity
           .
        
         
           In
           process
           of
           time
           when
           the
           late
           King
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           thought
           fit
           to
           put
           in
           execution
           ,
           what
           had
           been
           before
           contrived
           in
           his
           
             Father's
          
           days
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           the
           enslaving
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           and
           to
           that
           end
           advanced
           his
           prerogative
           ,
           above
           the
           Law
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           ought
           to
           have
           ruled
           ,
           both
           by
           his
           oath
           ,
           and
           the
           constitution
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           and
           his
           power
           upon
           the
           consciences
           of
           his
           Subjects
           in
           the
           Injunction
           of
           superstitious
           Innovations
           in
           Religious
           Services
           (
           which
           with
           his
           tolleration
           of
           Popery
           ,
           permitting
           of
           many
           Jesuits
           ,
           and
           the
           Popes
           Nuntio
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           himself
           being
           sometimes
           seen
           at
           Mass
           )
           were
           black
           symptomes
           of
           the
           Antichristian
           darkness
           coming
           upon
           us
           :
           and
           to
           advance
           this
           end
           levied
           Arms
           against
           the
           
             Scots
             ,
          
           who
           (
           then
           )
           both
           saw
           and
           opposed
           those
           growing
           mischiefs
           ;
           when
           these
           things
           answered
           not
           his
           expectation
           ,
           but
           rather
           turned
           both
           Nations
           into
           union
           to
           withstand
           such
           proceedings
           ,
           he
           countenanced
           ,
           if
           not
           commissionated
           that
           horrid
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           be
           parallel'd
           Rebellion
           in
           
             Ireland
             ,
          
           the
           blood
           whereof
           is
           not
           stopt
           to
           this
           very
           day
           ;
           and
           yet
           when
           he
           saw
           the
           Parliament
           more
           resolved
           to
           oppose
           his
           wicked
           and
           Tyrannicall
           proceedings
           ,
           and
           that
           nothing
           would
           serve
           them
           ,
           but
           Justice
           on
           his
           evil
           Councellors
           ,
           and
           security
           for
           their
           Laws
           and
           Liberties
           ,
           being
           grieved
           that
           he
           had
           condiscended
           to
           any
           thing
           (
           though
           it
           was
           their
           due
           ,
           and
           what
           was
           forced
           from
           him
           )
           that
           concern'd
           their
           Liberty
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           might
           recover
           all
           that
           the
           People
           of
           
             England
          
           had
           got
           
           of
           their
           own
           of
           him
           and
           his
           Predecessors
           ,
           at
           once
           by
           the
           Sword
           ;
           he
           set
           up
           his
           Standard
           at
           
             Nottingham
             ,
          
           bidding
           thereby
           defiance
           to
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           the
           Laws
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           whereupon
           the
           flames
           of
           War
           broke
           forth
           in
           every
           part
           ,
           and
           nothing
           but
           the
           levying
           of
           Arms
           ,
           and
           the
           sad
           calamities
           of
           War
           abounded
           in
           all
           parts
           of
           this
           Nation
           :
           When
           the
           Parliament
           were
           thus
           enforced
           to
           wrastle
           with
           the
           powers
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           the
           Malignity
           and
           opposition
           of
           most
           of
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           ;
           the
           whole
           Prelaticall
           and
           Atheisticall
           party
           ,
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           Monopoly
           Dependants
           ;
           the
           name
           of
           a
           King
           which
           had
           then
           some
           awe
           amongst
           the
           people
           ,
           the
           Treachery
           and
           apostacy
           of
           many
           of
           their
           Members
           and
           Officers
           in
           Civil
           and
           Military
           Imployments
           :
           The
           War
           of
           
             Ireland
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Powers
           of
           forraign
           Kingdoms
           ,
           who
           in
           point
           of
           Interest
           might
           be
           expected
           to
           ingage
           against
           them
           ;
           and
           that
           through
           the
           blood
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           the
           hazards
           of
           War
           ,
           they
           were
           constrained
           to
           proceed
           for
           the
           obtaining
           of
           that
           Liberty
           ,
           which
           the
           King
           was
           in
           duty
           to
           have
           preserved
           From
           whom
           could
           they
           expect
           any
           affections
           ,
           but
           from
           the
           
             Dutch
             ?
          
           who
           in
           point
           of
           Interest
           ,
           being
           themselves
           a
           Commonwealth
           ,
           but
           even
           now
           torne
           out
           of
           the
           Jawes
           of
           Monarchy
           through
           a
           sea
           of
           Blood
           ,
           and
           millions
           of
           Treasure
           :
           In
           point
           of
           preservation
           ,
           we
           being
           the
           Generations
           of
           those
           ,
           who
           took
           their
           Cause
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           dust
           ,
           and
           set
           it
           in
           the
           Throne
           ;
           and
           who
           ballanced
           always
           the
           late
           Kings
           envy
           and
           malice
           to
           that
           State
           :
           themselves
           also
           having
           the
           designes
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           in
           their
           own
           Bowels
           ,
           working
           up
           towards
           the
           height
           of
           that
           Tyranny
           ,
           which
           the
           Enemies
           sword
           would
           have
           set
           up
           in
           
             England
             .
          
           And
           in
           point
           of
           gratitude
           to
           those
           people
           ,
           who
           had
           chosen
           the
           Neatherlanders
           before
           their
           own
           safety
           ,
           in
           theirs
           and
           the
           Neatherlanders
           greatest
           times
           of
           danger
           ,
           were
           so
           deeply
           engaged
           .
           One
           would
           think
           that
           their
           affections
           ,
           their
           bowels
           ,
           their
           money
           ,
           their
           force
           ,
           and
           their
           very
           souls
           should
           have
           been
           ready
           ,
           to
           be
           powred
           out
           for
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           whom
           God
           made
           formerly
           the
           very
           Instruments
           of
           their
           beeing
           ,
           and
           upon
           whom
           they
           might
           write
           the
           Foundation
           under
           God
           of
           their
           Prosperity
           ,
           at
           least
           that
           they
           should
           not
           maligne
           their
           Cause
           ,
           or
           advantage
           their
           Enemy
           .
           But
           instead
           thereof
           their
           Envy
           to
           our
           Nation
           ,
           
           Malignity
           to
           our
           Cause
           ,
           assistance
           to
           our
           Enemy
           ,
           affronts
           and
           scorns
           to
           us
           and
           our
           friends
           in
           the
           day
           of
           our
           calamity
           ,
           have
           exceeded
           ;
           Shall
           I
           say
           any
           ,
           nay
           all
           our
           neighbours
           round
           about
           ;
           they
           became
           our
           enemies
           Treasury
           for
           Money
           ,
           their
           Magazine
           for
           Armes
           and
           Ammunition
           ,
           their
           Arsenall
           for
           Artillery
           ,
           and
           warlick
           provisions
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ;
           their
           refuge
           and
           shelter
           ,
           their
           place
           for
           counsell
           and
           advice
           ,
           and
           no
           doubt
           had
           publickly
           asserted
           our
           enemies
           interest
           ,
           had
           not
           the
           consideration
           of
           their
           great
           advantage
           in
           getting
           the
           Trade
           and
           
             Riches
          
           of
           
             England
          
           into
           their
           hands
           by
           our
           wars
           ,
           perswaded
           a
           seeming
           Newtrality
           .
        
         
           Nor
           did
           these
           things
           satisfie
           them
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           thought
           they
           could
           never
           shew
           respect
           enough
           to
           our
           enemies
           ,
           and
           enmity
           to
           us
           ;
           
             Borrel
          
           and
           
             Raynswoold
          
           their
           
             Ambassadors
             ,
          
           in
           the
           year
           1645.
           coming
           into
           
             England
             ,
          
           upon
           pretence
           of
           recōciling
           our
           differences
           ,
           besides
           other
           disservices
           ,
           in
           the
           then
           
             House
             of
             Commons
          
           assigned
           the
           Justice
           of
           the
           quarrel
           on
           the
           Kings
           side
           (
           an
           unparaleld
           affront
           ,
           and
           every
           way
           unfit
           to
           be
           given
           by
           any
           ,
           especially
           by
           Forreigne
           
             States
             ,
          
           who
           were
           not
           concerned
           in
           our
           civill
           differences
           )
           and
           which
           the
           
             Lords
             and
             Commons
             in
             Parliament
          
           then
           took
           notice
           of
           in
           their
           Declaration
           to
           the
           
             States
             Generall
          
           of
           those
           
             Provinces
             .
          
        
         
           Afterwards
           Mr.
           
             Strickland
             ,
          
           our
           Agent
           ,
           had
           the
           Door
           of
           the
           
             States
             Generall
          
           shut
           against
           him
           for
           the
           space
           of
           about
           one
           year
           and
           a
           halfe
           ,
           and
           never
           admitted
           audience
           ;
           though
           at
           the
           same
           time
           
             Macdowell
             ,
          
           Agent
           for
           the
           King
           of
           
             Scots
             ,
          
           had
           admittance
           ,
           to
           whom
           when
           Dr.
           
             Dorislans
          
           was
           added
           ,
           he
           was
           assassinated
           in
           their
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           to
           this
           day
           not
           so
           much
           as
           a
           Warrant
           sent
           forth
           by
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           for
           the
           apprehending
           of
           those
           murtherers
           ,
           nor
           have
           they
           proscribed
           them
           their
           Dominions
           ,
           nor
           any
           thing
           done
           by
           them
           ,
           whereby
           their
           abhorrency
           of
           the
           
             Murther
             of
             a
             publick
             Minister
          
           might
           appear
           .
        
         
           Nor
           have
           things
           rested
           here
           ,
           but
           when
           the
           Lord
           
             Saint
             Joh●
          
           and
           
             Mr.
             Strickland
          
           were
           lately
           sent
           over
           Ambassadors
           after
           the
           death
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           (
           upon
           whom
           as
           a
           cause
           some
           of
           the
           former
           injuries
           against
           us
           were
           laid
           )
           how
           were
           they
           affronted
           ,
           and
           endeavoured
           to
           be
           mischieved
           by
           Prince
           
             Edward
             ,
          
           who
           called
           them
           
             Doggs
          
           to
           their
           faces
           ;
           and
           
             Apsley
          
           who
           
           designed
           to
           strangle
           the
           Lord
           
             Saint
             John
          
           in
           his
           chamber
           (
           to
           say
           nothing
           of
           all
           the
           abuses
           attempted
           upon
           them
           by
           the
           ungoverned
           multitude
           ,
           &
           on
           their
           followers
           ,
           and
           the
           assaults
           on
           their
           houses
           )
           and
           though
           they
           were
           some
           days
           in
           their
           power
           ,
           after
           complaints
           and
           demands
           of
           justice
           made
           ,
           yet
           were
           not
           secured
           ,
           and
           brought
           to
           justice
           ,
           or
           proscribed
           to
           this
           day
           ;
           which
           being
           added
           to
           the
           former
           affronts
           and
           injuries
           ,
           and
           the
           delayes
           in
           the
           treaty
           ,
           though
           it
           provoked
           not
           the
           Parliament
           to
           a
           demand
           of
           present
           reparation
           (
           so
           tender
           have
           they
           alwayes
           been
           of
           a
           breach
           with
           them
           )
           yet
           they
           so
           ill
           resented
           it
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           one
           reason
           wherefore
           they
           recalled
           those
           Ambassadors
           .
        
         
           It
           will
           be
           too
           long
           to
           reckon
           up
           the
           severall
           supplies
           of
           Officers
           ,
           Souldiers
           ,
           Arms
           ,
           Ammunition
           ,
           Artillery
           ,
           Money
           ,
           Ships
           ,
           and
           Provisions
           ,
           that
           have
           been
           issued
           from
           those
           Countries
           for
           the
           assistance
           of
           the
           late
           King
           ,
           and
           the
           then
           King
           of
           
             Scots
          
           his
           son
           ,
           in
           their
           warres
           against
           the
           Parliament
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           in
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
          
           and
           
             Ireland
             ;
          
           particularly
           the
           20000
           Arms
           ,
           26
           Field
           Guns
           ,
           and
           250
           Barrels
           of
           powder
           ,
           shipt
           aboard
           two
           ships
           at
           
             Amsterdam
          
           for
           
             England
             ;
          
           when
           the
           King
           of
           
             Scots
          
           was
           lately
           at
           
             Worcester
          
           with
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           said
           Kings
           desire
           .
           Likewise
           ,
           the
           many
           intollerable
           injuries
           ,
           depredations
           and
           Murthers
           committed
           on
           severall
           of
           the
           
             English
          
           Nation
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             Amboyna
             ,
          
           
           sufficiently
           known
           to
           the
           world
           ,
           &
           which
           was
           perpetrated
           even
           when
           the
           people
           were
           alive
           that
           saw
           what
           the
           
             English
          
           had
           done
           for
           them
           in
           the
           dayes
           of
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
             ,
          
           and
           soon
           after
           a
           solemn
           Treaty
           and
           Agreement
           made
           of
           all
           differences
           between
           the
           Nations
           in
           those
           parts
           :
           The
           many
           high
           Insolencies
           and
           affronts
           given
           this
           Nation
           at
           Sea
           ,
           in
           dragging
           the
           Colours
           of
           
             England
          
           under
           the
           Sterns
           of
           their
           ships
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           most
           injuriously
           taken
           their
           ships
           and
           goods
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           caneing
           the
           Seamen
           for
           being
           (
           as
           they
           call'd
           it
           )
           against
           their
           King
           ;
           some
           of
           this
           practised
           on
           severall
           
             English
          
           but
           the
           last
           Summer
           ,
           and
           the
           robbing
           of
           the
           
             English
          
           Merchants
           of
           their
           ships
           and
           goods
           at
           Sea
           to
           very
           great
           values
           .
           Such
           things
           being
           fitter
           for
           a
           Volume
           then
           a
           few
           sheets
           of
           paper
           .
        
         
           It
           will
           take
           up
           too
           much
           time
           also
           to
           particularize
           their
           late
           
           securing
           our
           ships
           and
           goods
           severall
           times
           that
           were
           within
           their
           coasts
           ,
           there
           being
           no
           cause
           given
           by
           us
           for
           such
           proceedings
           ;
           The
           marching
           of
           their
           Forces
           to
           their
           frontier
           Towns
           ,
           beating
           up
           of
           Drums
           for
           Voluntiers
           to
           man
           150
           sail
           of
           ships
           of
           Warre
           ,
           which
           they
           declared
           to
           us
           they
           were
           providing
           ;
           their
           people
           calling
           for
           Arms
           against
           us
           ,
           and
           raging
           after
           such
           a
           manner
           ,
           as
           the
           
             English
          
           Merchants
           went
           not
           without
           danger
           in
           their
           streets
           ,
           and
           all
           this
           when
           their
           Ambassadors
           were
           treating
           with
           us
           here
           for
           a
           strict
           League
           and
           Union
           ,
           and
           when
           we
           had
           no
           thoughts
           of
           engaging
           against
           them
           ,
           or
           began
           any
           preparations
           to
           reinforce
           our
           Navy
           ,
           though
           it
           was
           high
           time
           after
           such
           alarms
           as
           those
           ,
           for
           the
           Parliament
           of
           
             England
          
           to
           provide
           for
           the
           security
           of
           their
           Seas
           and
           Traffick
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           they
           might
           indeed
           shew
           their
           good
           will
           to
           this
           
             Commonwealth
             ,
          
           after
           much
           time
           had
           bin
           spent
           in
           treating
           for
           a
           more
           strict
           Union
           ,
           and
           things
           were
           drawing
           to
           some
           conclusion
           ,
           is
           it
           not
           manifest
           that
           they
           meant
           nothing
           lesse
           then
           a
           peaceable
           accommodation
           ,
           and
           intended
           their
           treaties
           as
           the
           disguised
           Ushers
           of
           treachery
           and
           warre
           ;
           in
           that
           
             Trump
          
           on
           the
           19
           of
           
             May
             1652.
          
           with
           42
           ships
           of
           warre
           ,
           came
           up
           to
           the
           
             Downs
             ,
          
           and
           there
           assaulted
           our
           Generall
           
             Blake
             ,
          
           who
           riding
           neer
           
             Foulstone
          
           with
           fourteen
           ships
           only
           ,
           was
           enforced
           for
           some
           time
           by
           himself
           and
           afterwards
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Fleet
           ,
           to
           maintain
           four
           hours
           sharp
           fight
           till
           night
           parted
           them
           .
           In
           which
           the
           providence
           of
           God
           mightily
           appeared
           ,
           in
           preserving
           our
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           repelling
           the
           enemy
           to
           his
           losse
           &
           dishonor
           and
           therby
           delivered
           this
           Island
           at
           that
           time
           from
           the
           design
           ,
           treachery
           ,
           domination
           and
           cruelty
           of
           those
           people
           ,
           who
           when
           their
           tongues
           were
           smoother
           then
           oyl
           ,
           prepared
           war
           in
           their
           hearts
           ,
           and
           with
           their
           hands
           put
           it
           in
           execution
           .
           Nor
           can
           it
           be
           otherwise
           understood
           then
           a
           designed
           engagement
           ,
           if
           so
           be
           his
           anchoring
           in
           
             Dover
          
           Road
           with
           his
           Fleet
           ,
           when
           extremity
           of
           weather
           did
           not
           enforce
           him
           ;
           his
           refusing
           to
           strike
           ,
           when
           
             Dover
          
           Castle
           by
           their
           shot
           summoned
           him
           thereto
           :
           the
           denying
           the
           Merchanrs
           of
           
             Dover
          
           the
           night
           before
           the
           fight
           ,
           to
           perform
           their
           accustomed
           civility
           to
           visit
           their
           Fleet
           ;
           his
           sending
           two
           of
           his
           ships
           to
           Major
           
             Bourn
             ,
          
           who
           lay
           there
           onely
           with
           eight
           sail
           of
           ships
           ,
           the
           striking
           of
           those
           ships
           ,
           and
           their
           endeavours
           
           seemingly
           to
           excuse
           
             Van
             Trumps
          
           coming
           so
           neer
           ,
           and
           alledgeing
           the
           reason
           why
           he
           came
           no
           neerer
           ,
           
             (
             viz.
             )
          
           to
           avoid
           giving
           offence
           ,
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           controversie
           (
           as
           he
           called
           it
           )
           of
           the
           Flag
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           intended
           no
           injury
           to
           the
           
             English
             Nation
             :
          
           which
           made
           Major
           
             Bourn
          
           jealous
           that
           they
           intended
           some
           mischiefe
           ;
           therefore
           he
           commanded
           out
           two
           ships
           to
           attend
           their
           motions
           ,
           and
           sent
           Generall
           
             Blake
          
           notice
           of
           their
           being
           there
           :
           His
           moving
           the
           next
           day
           towards
           the
           
             French
             Coasts
          
           when
           Generall
           
             Blake
          
           came
           in
           sight
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           upon
           speaking
           with
           a
           
             Dutch
          
           Vessell
           ,
           which
           made
           all
           the
           sail
           she
           could
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           wafted
           her
           Flag
           to
           signifie
           as
           much
           ;
           his
           comming
           up
           presently
           with
           full
           wind
           and
           sail
           to
           Generall
           
             Blake
             ,
          
           who
           rode
           alone
           from
           his
           other
           ships
           ;
           his
           refusing
           to
           strike
           (
           the
           ancient
           and
           undoubted
           acknowledgement
           of
           the
           
             English
          
           right
           and
           soveraignty
           in
           the
           adjacent
           Seas
           )
           when
           Generall
           
             Blake
          
           summoned
           him
           thereunto
           by
           a
           Gun
           without
           a
           Ball
           ,
           another
           with
           a
           Ball
           ,
           his
           fiering
           through
           Generall
           
             Blakes
          
           Colours
           ,
           and
           falling
           upon
           him
           with
           a
           broad
           side
           immediatly
           without
           any
           parly
           ,
           before
           Generall
           
             Blake
          
           gave
           him
           a
           broad
           side
           ;
           his
           setting
           up
           presently
           a
           red
           Flag
           ,
           which
           being
           the
           signe
           before
           given
           ;
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           ships
           fel
           on
           our
           General
           ,
           and
           maintained
           with
           him
           &
           his
           other
           ships
           ,
           a
           very
           hot
           fight
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           and
           as
           by
           the
           narrative
           of
           the
           engagement
           ,
           and
           the
           examinations
           of
           his
           own
           Officers
           ,
           and
           letters
           relating
           thereunto
           ,
           printed
           by
           order
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           ordered
           to
           be
           given
           unto
           their
           Ambassadors
           ,
           as
           an
           answer
           to
           their
           Papers
           and
           Desires
           for
           the
           proceed
           of
           the
           Treaty
           doth
           appear
           .
           Together
           with
           his
           being
           angry
           with
           one
           of
           the
           said
           
             Captains
          
           in
           
             Holland
             ,
          
           because
           he
           struck
           sail
           to
           our
           Friggats
           ,
           as
           he
           came
           from
           the
           
             Streights
             ,
          
           as
           the
           said
           Captain
           and
           the
           Lieutenant
           now
           taken
           prisoners
           ,
           upon
           their
           examinations
           acknowledge
           ;
           besides
           what
           other
           accounts
           we
           have
           received
           of
           their
           debates
           ,
           and
           preparations
           to
           engage
           our
           Fleet
           .
        
         
           Now
           what
           hath
           
             England
          
           done
           to
           these
           people
           ,
           that
           might
           occasion
           any
           such
           disingenuous
           and
           hostile
           proceedings
           ?
           Oh
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           produce
           their
           cause
           ,
           that
           we
           might
           answer
           thereunto
           ,
           and
           leave
           it
           to
           the
           world
           to
           judge
           !
           Certainly
           had
           they
           any
           reall
           cause
           to
           assign
           ,
           that
           might
           bear
           weight
           in
           the
           
           ballance
           we
           should
           have
           heard
           thereof
           ere
           now
           ;
           for
           they
           are
           a
           people
           that
           are
           seldom
           wanting
           in
           things
           of
           that
           Nature
           .
        
         
           Only
           we
           heard
           that
           the
           granting
           of
           Letters
           of
           Mart
           by
           us
           ,
           hath
           been
           made
           use
           of
           to
           incense
           those
           people
           against
           this
           State
           ,
           and
           by
           making
           of
           them
           mad
           ,
           under
           that
           pretence
           to
           shed
           their
           blood
           in
           an
           unjust
           war
           ,
           and
           to
           hasten
           their
           own
           and
           the
           destruction
           of
           their
           Countrey
           .
           There
           is
           nothing
           more
           clear
           then
           that
           the
           granting
           of
           Letters
           of
           Mart
           ,
           in
           cases
           where
           Justice
           is
           denied
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           after
           it
           hath
           been
           duely
           sought
           (
           as
           is
           our
           case
           )
           is
           a
           necessary
           ,
           lawfull
           ,
           and
           just
           way
           ,
           according
           to
           Reason
           ;
           and
           the
           Laws
           of
           Nations
           ,
           practised
           throughout
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           by
           themselves
           ;
           and
           that
           such
           Letters
           of
           Reprisall
           are
           so
           far
           from
           being
           the
           occasion
           of
           War
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           in
           such
           cases
           the
           ultimate
           Preservatives
           against
           Nationall
           Engagements
           (
           otherwise
           for
           Injuries
           done
           to
           the
           Subjects
           of
           any
           Nation
           by
           a
           Forraign
           People
           ,
           War
           must
           effect
           the
           satisfaction
           ,
           or
           it
           may
           be
           lawfull
           for
           any
           to
           rob
           and
           spoyl
           on
           the
           Seas
           ,
           that
           are
           enabled
           with
           power
           so
           to
           do
           )
           it
           might
           occasion
           some
           discourse
           of
           that
           nature
           at
           large
           ,
           and
           the
           quoting
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           practises
           of
           other
           Nations
           for
           Instances
           :
           but
           thus
           hath
           been
           the
           case
           with
           us
           ,
           that
           for
           very
           great
           Injuries
           and
           Blood
           ,
           and
           after
           above
           twenty
           years
           waiting
           in
           some
           cases
           for
           Justice
           of
           them
           ,
           which
           being
           denyed
           ,
           the
           Justice
           of
           this
           State
           renewed
           but
           one
           Letter
           of
           Reprisall
           upon
           them
           in
           the
           case
           of
           Mistriss
           
             Paulet
             ,
          
           granted
           by
           the
           late
           King
           for
           recōpence
           of
           20000
           l.
           principal
           ,
           besides
           charges
           ,
           of
           20
           years
           standing
           ,
           her self
           and
           Family
           being
           brought
           thereby
           to
           a
           morsell
           of
           bread
           ;
           yet
           when
           that
           was
           understood
           to
           be
           made
           use
           of
           by
           some
           Malignant
           spirits
           ,
           to
           prevent
           that
           Union
           ,
           which
           was
           said
           to
           be
           endeavouring
           by
           their
           Ambassadors
           in
           their
           Treaty
           ,
           that
           all
           occasion
           might
           be
           taken
           from
           those
           that
           sought
           occasion
           of
           difference
           ,
           this
           State
           suspended
           that
           Act
           ,
           before
           it
           was
           fully
           satisfied
           ;
           and
           not
           only
           so
           ,
           but
           all
           Letters
           of
           Reprisall
           upon
           the
           French
           ,
           who
           had
           so
           notoriously
           ,
           and
           to
           very
           great
           damages
           injur'd
           the
           Merchants
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           notwithstanding
           that
           these
           wronged
           men
           had
           been
           at
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           costs
           to
           set
           out
           ships
           for
           recompence
           ,
           and
           had
           not
           accomplish'd
           it
           ,
           being
           thereby
           enforc'd
           to
           sit
           down
           by
           the
           loss
           of
           those
           charges
           also
           .
           
           And
           all
           this
           to
           remove
           any
           occasion
           of
           clamour
           ,
           that
           might
           unduely
           happen
           upon
           the
           searching
           of
           Dutch
           Ships
           for
           French
           Goods
           ;
           though
           it
           is
           a
           known
           thing
           that
           the
           French
           covered
           their
           Goods
           in
           Flemish
           bottoms
           ,
           to
           avoid
           giving
           the
           English
           satisfaction
           :
           and
           this
           we
           did
           ,
           notwithstanding
           that
           we
           paid
           the
           Dutch
           for
           the
           fraught
           of
           the
           French
           Goods
           found
           aboard
           them
           ,
           without
           taking
           any
           of
           their
           goods
           at
           any
           time
           :
           the
           contrary
           whereof
           our
           Merchants
           have
           found
           ,
           when
           as
           the
           Dutch
           have
           taken
           not
           only
           the
           Portugall
           Goods
           found
           aboard
           the
           English
           ,
           but
           such
           English
           Ships
           and
           Goods
           also
           ,
           without
           making
           of
           satisfaction
           to
           this
           day
           ,
           of
           which
           we
           have
           pregnant
           testimonie
           ;
           yet
           the
           searching
           for
           French
           Goods
           aboard
           their
           Vessels
           ,
           is
           so
           equitable
           and
           necessary
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           impossible
           (
           unless
           we
           land
           Armies
           in
           
             France
             )
          
           to
           have
           any
           reparation
           ,
           so
           long
           as
           the
           French
           may
           wholly
           manage
           their
           Trade
           in
           Dutch
           Vessels
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           any
           rationall
           man
           ,
           this
           cannot
           be
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           late
           transactions
           of
           those
           people
           to
           us
           ;
           for
           first
           a
           long
           time
           before
           any
           Letters
           of
           Reprizall
           were
           granted
           ,
           they
           performed
           all
           those
           evil
           Offices
           aforementioned
           in
           the
           generall
           ;
           and
           since
           those
           Letters
           of
           Reprizall
           both
           on
           themselves
           and
           French
           for
           their
           sakes
           ,
           have
           been
           suspended
           :
           their
           Admiral
           with
           his
           Fleet
           came
           to
           our
           Borders
           ;
           and
           whilst
           we
           lay
           securely
           ,
           in
           a
           time
           of
           friendship
           and
           Treaty
           ,
           came
           upon
           and
           assaulted
           part
           of
           our
           Navy
           ,
           as
           is
           formerly
           mentioned
           at
           large
           ;
           whereby
           it
           appears
           ,
           that
           as
           they
           formerly
           helped
           on
           our
           destruction
           so
           far
           as
           it
           concerned
           their
           profit
           ,
           and
           to
           lay
           us
           ,
           and
           our
           Liberties
           at
           the
           feet
           of
           a
           bloudy
           Tyrant
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           now
           their
           resolution
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           able
           ,
           to
           bring
           down
           this
           Nation
           to
           serve
           their
           Lusts
           and
           Cruelty
           ;
           and
           this
           as
           a
           reward
           for
           our
           saving
           of
           them
           from
           the
           sword
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           spilling
           our
           blood
           and
           money
           on
           the
           ground
           to
           lay
           the
           Foundation
           ,
           and
           secure
           the
           structure
           of
           their
           Riches
           and
           Prosperity
           .
           The
           Blood
           of
           
             Amboyna
          
           shewed
           formerly
           how
           such
           things
           relished
           their
           Pallats
           ;
           and
           the
           clapping
           Captain
           
             Green
          
           and
           his
           men
           in
           Chains
           of
           late
           :
           together
           with
           the
           outrages
           committed
           on
           our
           Ambassadors
           ,
           and
           several
           English
           people
           in
           their
           Territories
           :
           their
           severall
           Arrests
           on
           our
           Ships
           and
           goods
           in
           their
           Ports
           ,
           and
           the
           late
           
           Engagement
           of
           
             Van
             Trump
          
           do
           now
           clearly
           demonstrate
           .
        
         
           Though
           every
           weeks
           occurrences
           fild
           our
           ears
           with
           the
           noise
           of
           their
           preparations
           ,
           and
           the
           ranting
           and
           vile
           expressions
           against
           this
           State
           :
           the
           abuse
           of
           the
           English
           there
           ,
           and
           their
           Ambassadors
           giving
           our
           Councell
           of
           State
           and
           Parliament
           ,
           Papers
           of
           their
           Resolutions
           of
           setting
           forth
           one
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           ships
           of
           War
           ,
           extraordinary
           (
           which
           we
           might
           then
           very
           well
           conclude
           ,
           and
           have
           cause
           now
           to
           be
           assured
           ,
           were
           intended
           against
           us
           )
           yet
           till
           those
           Papers
           came
           ,
           the
           Parliament
           moved
           not
           at
           all
           ,
           in
           any
           extraordinary
           preparations
           :
           and
           then
           how
           requisit
           it
           was
           for
           this
           State
           to
           prepare
           ,
           for
           the
           security
           of
           their
           Seas
           ,
           and
           of
           that
           part
           of
           the
           ancient
           and
           undoubted
           Dominion
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           let
           the
           world
           judge
           .
           Yet
           ,
           so
           did
           they
           prepare
           ,
           as
           only
           to
           secure
           their
           own
           Right
           ,
           and
           what
           high
           time
           it
           was
           so
           to
           do
           ,
           the
           forementioned
           insolent
           and
           hostile
           behaviour
           of
           some
           of
           their
           ships
           to
           Captain
           
             Young
             ,
          
           for
           which
           the
           States
           gave
           one
           of
           the
           Captains
           a
           chain
           of
           gold
           ,
           and
           of
           
             Van
             Trump
             ,
          
           to
           our
           Navy
           ,
           whom
           they
           continue
           still
           in
           his
           Imployment
           ,
           thereby
           owning
           his
           late
           action
           is
           evident
           to
           all
           men
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           worthy
           observation
           to
           consider
           unto
           what
           a
           height
           of
           Ingratitude
           ,
           Injustice
           and
           forgetfulness
           ,
           the
           pride
           of
           these
           men
           hath
           lifted
           them
           up
           ;
           It
           is
           not
           unknown
           to
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           to
           themselves
           ,
           though
           they
           would
           willingly
           forget
           it
           ,
           what
           was
           their
           condition
           ,
           when
           
             England
          
           first
           undertook
           their
           protection
           ,
           and
           what
           
             England
          
           hath
           done
           for
           them
           ;
           how
           they
           have
           permitted
           them
           to
           pass
           through
           their
           Seas
           ,
           to
           manage
           their
           Merchandise
           ,
           and
           required
           only
           their
           striking
           to
           our
           ships
           and
           Castles
           in
           acknowledgement
           of
           our
           Soveraignty
           .
           And
           to
           fish
           in
           our
           Seas
           ,
           sometimes
           upon
           the
           requiring
           of
           a
           certain
           Tax
           ,
           sometimes
           freely
           ,
           and
           yet
           so
           bold
           are
           they
           upon
           our
           former
           Indulgence
           ,
           and
           condiscentions
           as
           to
           come
           up
           to
           our
           very
           dores
           ,
           and
           by
           treachery
           and
           force
           endeavour
           to
           snatch
           the
           Dominion
           thereof
           out
           of
           our
           hands
           ,
           though
           they
           cannot
           assigne
           one
           particular
           ,
           wherein
           the
           English
           hath
           designed
           or
           attempted
           any
           incroachment
           upon
           their
           Rights
           and
           Priviledges
           ;
           but
           have
           maintained
           them
           against
           all
           their
           opposers
           .
           And
           no
           doubt
           but
           those
           men
           ,
           who
           with
           so
           much
           impudence
           and
           wickedness
           
           have
           attempted
           ,
           to
           dispoyle
           us
           of
           so
           antient
           and
           Indubitable
           a
           Right
           ,
           whereby
           our
           very
           defence
           (
           for
           those
           Seas
           ,
           and
           our
           Ships
           ,
           are
           the
           outwalls
           and
           Bulwarks
           of
           this
           Island
           )
           is
           endeanoured
           to
           be
           broken
           ;
           will
           also
           as
           they
           have
           oportunity
           labour
           to
           dispossess
           us
           of
           our
           Land
           Inheritance
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           the
           former
           Kings
           of
           
             England
          
           took
           a
           severe
           course
           to
           chastise
           and
           cut
           off
           such
           luxuriant
           Exorbitances
           ,
           and
           as
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           hath
           in
           their
           late
           Engagements
           given
           them
           a
           very
           great
           check
           ,
           so
           we
           doubt
           not
           but
           the
           Wisdom
           and
           Justice
           of
           the
           State
           (
           through
           the
           assistance
           of
           God
           )
           will
           so
           effectually
           proceed
           in
           the
           vindication
           of
           such
           wrongs
           ,
           as
           shall
           let
           them
           know
           ,
           what
           Right
           of
           ours
           they
           have
           encroached
           upon
           ,
           and
           by
           effectual
           ways
           perswading
           them
           from
           attempting
           such
           usurpations
           for
           the
           future
           .
           What
           high
           time
           it
           is
           to
           take
           order
           with
           such
           men
           ,
           and
           reduce
           them
           to
           their
           proper
           bounds
           ,
           let
           the
           World
           judge
           ;
           and
           if
           that
           hereafter
           this
           State
           exerciseth
           a
           more
           strict
           Command
           over
           their
           own
           Jurisdiction
           ,
           in
           letting
           those
           men
           know
           at
           what
           rate
           they
           shall
           buy
           their
           Intrenchment
           on
           our
           Liberties
           ,
           they
           may
           thank
           themselves
           for
           such
           experience
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           not
           the
           bare
           Complement
           of
           striking
           the
           Flag
           ,
           that
           hath
           been
           the
           occasion
           of
           these
           late
           contests
           ,
           as
           they
           would
           seem
           to
           pretend
           ,
           to
           gull
           and
           cheat
           well
           minded
           people
           ,
           as
           if
           so
           be
           for
           such
           a
           slight
           thing
           ,
           as
           the
           putting
           off
           a
           mans
           hat
           ,
           or
           the
           not
           putting
           it
           off
           ,
           were
           the
           ground
           of
           the
           late
           engagement
           ,
           or
           of
           what
           shall
           ensue
           thereupon
           ;
           In
           vain
           is
           such
           a
           snare
           as
           this
           set
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           But
           it
           is
           the
           absolute
           and
           substantial
           Soveraignty
           of
           the
           narrow
           Seas
           ,
           which
           on
           our
           parts
           by
           such
           a
           deportment
           as
           the
           striking
           of
           the
           Flag
           ,
           or
           Topsail
           to
           our
           ships
           on
           those
           seas
           ,
           is
           required
           to
           be
           acknowledged
           ,
           and
           so
           hath
           been
           for
           many
           hundred
           years
           ,
           understood
           ,
           agreed
           unto
           ,
           and
           acknowledged
           by
           the
           Nations
           of
           
             Eruope
             ,
          
           which
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           by
           refusing
           to
           strike
           would
           deny
           .
           
           A
           thing
           of
           such
           high
           importance
           ,
           that
           the
           former
           Kings
           would
           never
           endure
           ,
           but
           in
           their
           Commissions
           to
           their
           Captains
           at
           Sea
           ,
           commanded
           them
           to
           require
           obedience
           thereto
           by
           all
           ,
           or
           to
           fire
           ,
           sink
           ,
           or
           destroy
           them
           ;
           and
           which
           both
           Houses
           of
           Parliament
           in
           their
           Ordinance
           to
           that
           purpose
           ,
           commanded
           their
           Maritin
           Officers
           .
        
         
         
           Now
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           refusing
           to
           strike
           ,
           do
           deny
           our
           Title
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           armed
           Fleets
           endeavour
           to
           take
           possession
           of
           our
           Inheritance
           :
           therefore
           though
           to
           extenuate
           their
           hostility
           ,
           and
           cover
           their
           designes
           ,
           they
           would
           fain
           make
           the
           striking
           of
           the
           Flag
           a
           frivolous
           thing
           ;
           yet
           it
           is
           of
           as
           much
           concernment
           to
           us
           ,
           as
           the
           Dominion
           of
           those
           Seas
           ,
           and
           therin
           of
           our
           defence
           ,
           and
           the
           commodity
           of
           Fishing
           ,
           which
           those
           Seas
           yeeld
           in
           abundance
           ;
           and
           which
           themseves
           have
           found
           to
           be
           of
           so
           vast
           an
           advantage
           ,
           as
           that
           they
           know
           it
           to
           be
           the
           great
           staple
           of
           their
           Trade
           and
           Merchandize
           ,
           and
           the
           food
           of
           many
           Families
           ;
           the
           sweetness
           whereof
           they
           having
           tasted
           through
           our
           former
           Licences
           ,
           and
           our
           late
           neglect
           by
           reason
           of
           our
           Warres
           ,
           would
           now
           to
           settle
           it
           upon
           themselves
           ,
           force
           into
           their
           own
           hands
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           together
           with
           the
           managing
           of
           our
           Trade
           for
           our
           best
           advantage
           ,
           held
           forth
           in
           the
           Act
           for
           
             Navigation
             ;
          
           and
           what
           else
           may
           be
           found
           convenient
           for
           such
           an
           end
           ,
           may
           be
           strongly
           presumed
           to
           be
           the
           true
           grounds
           of
           their
           quarrell
           against
           us
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           late
           engagement
           ,
           though
           the
           assignment
           of
           the
           latter
           is
           too
           grosse
           for
           them
           to
           hold
           forth
           to
           the
           world
           :
           for
           that
           is
           as
           much
           as
           to
           take
           upon
           them
           to
           give
           law
           to
           
             England
             .
          
        
         
           The
           truth
           is
           ,
           what
           through
           the
           negligence
           of
           former
           Kings
           ,
           and
           the
           corruption
           of
           their
           Ministers
           of
           State
           ,
           the
           overlooking
           the
           subtilties
           and
           encroachments
           of
           these
           people
           ,
           the
           ties
           of
           gratitude
           and
           friendship
           that
           were
           supposed
           to
           be
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           confusion
           of
           our
           late
           warres
           ,
           they
           had
           not
           only
           got
           a
           Staple
           of
           Trade
           as
           aforesaid
           ;
           but
           had
           almost
           ingrost
           all
           our
           Trade
           ,
           and
           thereby
           spoyled
           us
           of
           our
           Navigation
           and
           Maritin
           Defence
           .
           Our
           long
           voyages
           about
           the
           world
           ,
           which
           carried
           the
           reputation
           of
           
             England
          
           through
           all
           the
           parts
           thereof
           ,
           being
           curted
           to
           their
           borders
           ,
           and
           mostly
           in
           their
           own
           ships
           ,
           to
           fetch
           from
           their
           stores
           at
           the
           second
           hand
           ,
           and
           to
           retail
           it
           in
           
             England
             ;
          
           by
           reason
           of
           which
           ,
           our
           gallant
           ships
           being
           drawn
           up
           and
           neglected
           ,
           in
           a
           little
           time
           ,
           we
           might
           insensibly
           have
           those
           locks
           of
           ours
           cut
           off
           ,
           and
           be
           fallen
           upon
           by
           them
           ,
           when
           we
           were
           not
           in
           a
           capacity
           to
           resist
           .
        
         
           Now
           because
           the
           
             Commonwealth
          
           of
           
             England
          
           is
           through
           the
           mercy
           of
           God
           ,
           brought
           out
           of
           its
           
             war
          
           &
           
             blood
             ;
          
           &
           through
           dear
           
           experiences
           taught
           to
           mind
           its
           own
           concernment
           ,
           and
           to
           foresee
           and
           avoid
           such
           snares
           as
           these
           .
           And
           because
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           see
           themselves
           prevented
           of
           ●●aking
           our
           Markets
           ,
           emptying
           our
           Pockets
           ,
           and
           fishing
           in
           our
           troubled
           waters
           ,
           as
           they
           had
           done
           for
           many
           years
           before
           ,
           therefore
           are
           they
           offended
           ,
           and
           would
           now
           by
           force
           ,
           if
           they
           could
           ,
           conclude
           us
           under
           that
           &
           a
           worse
           necessity
           ,
           and
           rather
           then
           fail
           ,
           embroyl
           us
           and
           their
           people
           in
           a
           bloody
           warre
           ,
           which
           themselves
           have
           already
           begun
           ,
           And
           this
           is
           the
           true
           reason
           wherefore
           they
           have
           all
           along
           assisted
           the
           late
           :
           King
           and
           his
           son
           in
           all
           our
           warres
           ,
           and
           have
           been
           troubled
           at
           the
           late
           rout
           at
           
             Worcester
             ,
          
           and
           our
           other
           successes
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           the
           
             Gavalier
             ;
          
           because
           they
           knew
           that
           a
           
             Commonwealth
          
           would
           deprive
           them
           of
           those
           sweet
           Bits
           ,
           and
           might
           be
           expected
           to
           pursue
           things
           for
           their
           own
           advantage
           .
        
         
           Besides
           ,
           they
           had
           large
           experience
           what
           their
           gold
           could
           do
           at
           
             Court
             ,
          
           which
           in
           a
           
             Commonwealth
          
           well
           ordered
           would
           be
           of
           little
           effect
           :
           &
           no
           doubt
           these
           things
           had
           prevailed
           with
           them
           openly
           ,
           to
           have
           asserted
           the
           Kings
           interest
           ,
           had
           not
           (
           as
           I
           have
           said
           before
           )
           the
           advantage
           of
           trading
           to
           all
           our
           ports
           during
           our
           warrs
           ,
           blinded
           them
           into
           a
           seeming
           Newtrality
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           
             Nature
          
           hath
           shut
           them
           up
           from
           all
           Merchandize
           ,
           if
           our
           passage
           through
           the
           
             North
          
           and
           
             South
          
           Seas
           were
           denied
           them
           ;
           therefore
           hath
           this
           Nation
           made
           their
           Seas
           so
           far
           open
           ,
           as
           to
           give
           them
           liberty
           through
           them
           to
           passe
           unto
           their
           traffick
           ;
           and
           that
           they
           may
           safely
           passe
           ,
           have
           been
           at
           the
           vast
           costs
           of
           strong
           
             Navies
             :
          
           but
           must
           they
           therefore
           deny
           our
           dominion
           thereof
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           such
           acknowledgement
           as
           ought
           to
           be
           ,
           and
           hath
           been
           time
           out
           of
           mind
           agreed
           upon
           ,
           and
           submit●ed
           to
           by
           all
           Nations
           ?
           Or
           must
           therefore
           the
           Riches
           in
           those
           Seas
           be
           as
           much
           theirs
           as
           ours
           ?
           This
           ,
           were
           it
           in
           their
           own
           case
           ,
           would
           be
           said
           by
           them
           to
           be
           an
           inference
           very
           forraign
           ,
           &
           would
           not
           be
           indured
           ,
           nor
           indeed
           ought
           it
           so
           to
           be
           .
           Because
           a
           man
           permits
           a
           thorough-fare
           through
           his
           ground
           for
           the
           accommodation
           of
           Travellers
           ,
           or
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           shall
           the
           passenger
           therefore
           refuse
           to
           acknowledge
           the
           propriety
           of
           the
           owner
           to
           his
           land
           ?
           Shall
           he
           refuse
           to
           perform
           such
           a
           thing
           ,
           as
           he
           shall
           require
           for
           the
           acknowledgement
           of
           his
           propriety
           ,
           lest
           in
           time
           it
           become
           common
           through
           prescription
           ?
           shall
           
           the
           Herbage
           ,
           Corn
           ,
           Wood
           ,
           or
           whatsoever
           grows
           upon
           it
           ,
           or
           the
           Mines
           under
           it
           ,
           be
           by
           him
           claimed
           with
           as
           equall
           a
           right
           as
           the
           Proprietor
           ?
           Or
           will
           it
           be
           good
           manners
           or
           honesty
           for
           such
           a
           passenger
           with
           armed
           force
           ,
           to
           deny
           the
           acknowledgement
           of
           the
           right
           of
           the
           owner
           ,
           and
           to
           endeavour
           the
           making
           common
           the
           said
           land
           ,
           and
           what
           growes
           upon
           it
           ,
           or
           within
           it
           ?
           If
           the
           Proprietor
           hereupon
           shall
           to
           such
           persons
           shut
           up
           his
           passage
           ,
           and
           with
           armed
           force
           secure
           the
           growth
           of
           his
           Land
           from
           such
           intrusion
           ,
           and
           blood
           should
           be
           drawn
           thereupon
           ;
           whom
           will
           you
           judge
           in
           such
           a
           case
           to
           be
           the
           occasion
           thereof
           ,
           the
           Proprietor
           ,
           or
           such
           an
           ungrateful
           and
           injurious
           passenger
           ?
           This
           ,
           upon
           due
           consideration
           ,
           wil
           appear
           to
           be
           much
           our
           present
           case
           ,
           and
           which
           I
           should
           be
           more
           large
           in
           ;
           but
           that
           a
           learned
           Treatise
           on
           that
           subject
           ,
           will
           be
           shortly
           brought
           forth
           to
           common
           understanding
           in
           the
           
             English
          
           tongue
           .
        
         
           Nor
           ought
           the
           specious
           and
           gilded
           Covering
           of
           a
           Treaty
           for
           a
           more
           strict
           union
           to
           have
           any
           influence
           at
           all
           ,
           to
           ●harm
           the
           
             English
             Nation
          
           into
           the
           least
           parting
           with
           any
           thing
           of
           their
           
             undoubted
             Rights
             ,
          
           or
           losse
           of
           time
           in
           prosecuting
           their
           opportunities
           for
           satisfaction
           and
           security
           :
           in
           regard
           that
           both
           by
           former
           &
           later
           experience
           ,
           we
           have
           not
           found
           such
           sincerity
           as
           may
           lay
           a
           
             Foundation
          
           for
           us
           to
           pitch
           upon
           in
           that
           particular
           ,
           &
           where
           we
           cannot
           be
           assured
           of
           that
           ,
           as
           a
           
             Foundation
             ;
          
           to
           what
           advantage
           wil
           the
           conclusion
           of
           any
           thing
           bee
           ,
           or
           what
           encouragement
           is
           there
           for
           any
           proceeds
           in
           things
           of
           that
           nature
           ?
           For
           though
           Leagues
           are
           confirmed
           with
           all
           the
           sacredness
           that
           man
           knowes
           of
           to
           bind
           the
           performance
           ,
           yet
           if
           advantage
           be
           Paramount
           to
           such
           stipulations
           ,
           when
           a
           fair
           opportunity
           is
           presented
           ,
           no
           bonds
           be
           they
           never
           so
           high
           and
           intrinsecall
           ,
           will
           be
           able
           to
           preserve
           those
           Leagues
           from
           doing
           Homage
           to
           the
           supream
           
             Deity
          
           of
           
             Gain
          
           &
           
             Profit
             .
          
           Principles
           that
           center
           not
           in
           the
           performance
           of
           
             Leagues
          
           and
           
             Covenants
          
           further
           then
           are
           for
           advantage
           ,
           what
           differ
           they
           from
           that
           
             Tridentine
          
           one
           ,
           
             That
             Faith
             is
             not
             to
             be
             kept
             with
             Hereticks
             .
          
           And
           upon
           such
           Quick-sands
           ,
           the
           
             Foundation
             of
             true
             Peace
          
           cannot
           be
           laid
           .
           And
           indeed
           the
           
             English
             Nation
          
           have
           by
           experience
           found
           ,
           that
           some
           States
           have
           not
           retained
           that
           simplicity
           in
           poynt
           of
           
             Treaties
             ,
          
           which
           
             England
          
           hath
           held
           forth
           to
           them
           on
           all
           occasions
           .
        
         
         
           I
           wish
           that
           our
           Neighbours
           of
           the
           
             Vnited
             Provinces
          
           had
           administred
           nothing
           of
           this
           nature
           to
           us
           ,
           whereby
           we
           may
           be
           rationally
           put
           to
           a
           losse
           in
           this
           particular
           .
           Certainly
           their
           carriage
           in
           the
           businesse
           of
           
             Amboyna
             ,
          
           within
           a
           year
           or
           two
           after
           the
           conclusion
           of
           the
           
             Treaty
          
           in
           the
           year
           1619.
           and
           their
           not
           making
           satisfaction
           to
           this
           day
           ,
           though
           it
           should
           have
           been
           by
           the
           year
           1625.
           their
           chusing
           Arms
           rather
           then
           satisfaction
           for
           other
           injuries
           done
           by
           them
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           the
           late
           assault
           of
           
             Trump
          
           on
           our
           Fleet
           upon
           our
           Borders
           ,
           whilst
           we
           were
           in
           Amity
           ,
           treating
           for
           ,
           and
           neer
           a
           conclusion
           of
           a
           strict
           Union
           ,
           gives
           us
           just
           ground
           so
           to
           understand
           them
           :
           and
           we
           wish
           that
           the
           serious
           reflects
           on
           what
           their
           carriage
           hath
           been
           to
           other
           
             States
          
           in
           this
           particular
           ,
           mentioned
           in
           the
           later
           end
           of
           this
           discourse
           at
           large
           ,
           besides
           our
           own
           experience
           ,
           to
           say
           no
           more
           ,
           gave
           us
           not
           fair
           warning
           how
           we
           trust
           those
           ,
           who
           when
           
             they
             speak
             of
             Peace
             ,
             have
             War
             in
             their
             hearts
             ;
          
           If
           their
           former
           ill
           Offices
           to
           this
           
             State
          
           had
           been
           reflected
           on
           ,
           as
           they
           did
           deserve
           ,
           there
           would
           have
           been
           occasion
           enough
           wherefore
           this
           
             State
          
           should
           have
           refused
           any
           
             treaty
          
           with
           them
           ,
           til
           satisfaction
           had
           been
           first
           given
           ,
           and
           security
           .
           But
           notwithstanding
           all
           ,
           the
           Parliament
           hoping
           that
           their
           own
           former
           actions
           had
           reproved
           them
           ,
           and
           being
           willing
           to
           take
           all
           opportunities
           to
           continue
           friendship
           between
           them
           and
           us
           ,
           as
           they
           had
           alwayes
           done
           heretofore
           ,
           past
           over
           all
           other
           considerations
           ,
           and
           having
           given
           their
           Ambassadors
           honorable
           and
           friendly
           
             Entertainment
             ,
          
           ordered
           the
           
             Councel
             of
             State
             to
             treat
             with
             them
             ;
          
           in
           which
           there
           was
           an
           uninterrupted
           proceeding
           ,
           till
           by
           the
           late
           hostile
           assault
           of
           our
           Navy
           by
           
             Van
             Trump
             ,
          
           themselves
           cut
           the
           Cords
           thereof
           ,
           and
           gave
           us
           to
           understand
           what
           dealing
           we
           were
           to
           expect
           at
           their
           hands
           .
        
         
           Notwithstanding
           ,
           when
           a
           little
           after
           the
           said
           assault
           ,
           the
           Lord
           
             Pauw
          
           came
           over
           to
           
             England
          
           as
           an
           extraordinary
           Ambassador
           ,
           pretending
           that
           he
           had
           full
           power
           to
           accommodate
           all
           things
           .
           The
           
             Parliament
          
           gave
           his
           Lordship
           honorable
           
             Entertainment
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Councell
             of
             State
             ,
          
           notwithstanding
           their
           other
           great
           occasions
           ,
           were
           rather
           before
           hand
           ,
           then
           otherwise
           ,
           in
           the
           management
           of
           the
           
             Treaty
             ,
          
           desiring
           if
           it
           might
           have
           been
           rather
           an
           accommodation
           then
           a
           warre
           ;
           Yet
           during
           the
           
           space
           of
           almost
           three
           weeks
           ,
           the
           time
           that
           he
           was
           here
           ,
           he
           neither
           agreed
           with
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           in
           the
           matter
           of
           Fact
           of
           the
           late
           
             Assault
             ,
          
           nor
           proposed
           any
           thing
           in
           way
           of
           satisfaction
           ,
           nor
           in
           compliance
           with
           that
           one
           Demand
           of
           the
           
             Parliament
             viz.
             To
             have
             satisfaction
             for
             their
             extraordinary
             charge
             they
             had
             been
             put
             to
             by
             their
             late
             Preparations
             and
             Assault
             .
          
           Nor
           produced
           full
           power
           to
           conclude
           what
           should
           be
           agreed
           upon
           ;
           But
           desired
           that
           the
           matter
           of
           the
           
             Assault
          
           might
           be
           past
           over
           ,
           or
           put
           into
           examination
           :
           And
           that
           there
           might
           be
           a
           cessation
           of
           Arms
           whilst
           those
           things
           were
           treated
           on
           ;
           though
           when
           the
           
             Spanish
             Plenipotentiaries
          
           at
           
             Munster
          
           did
           earnestly
           desire
           a
           cessation
           of
           acts
           of
           
             Hostility
          
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           whilst
           the
           late
           
             Treaty
          
           was
           at
           
             Munster
             :
          
           The
           
             States
             Plenipotentiaries
             ,
          
           particularly
           ,
           the
           Lord
           
             Pauw
          
           himselfe
           answered
           ,
           
             That
             it
             was
             not
             usuall
             for
             States
             to
             make
             any
             Cessation
             of
             Arms
             during
             a
             Treaty
             ,
          
           and
           was
           utterly
           against
           it
           .
           Though
           that
           cessation
           was
           desired
           by
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           whose
           Government
           the
           
             States
          
           had
           shaken
           off
           ,
           and
           the
           war
           was
           on
           that
           Foot
           :
           And
           the
           cessation
           which
           the
           Lord
           
             Pauw
          
           desired
           of
           us
           ,
           was
           in
           the
           name
           of
           that
           
             State
             ,
          
           whose
           Navy
           in
           the
           time
           of
           
             Amity
          
           and
           
             Treaty
          
           had
           endeavoured
           to
           have
           surprized
           our
           Fleet
           at
           our
           doors
           .
        
         
           And
           when
           he
           heard
           that
           our
           Fleet
           was
           set
           sail
           ,
           
             June
             26.
             
          
           It
           staying
           in
           the
           
             Downs
          
           all
           that
           time
           he
           had
           been
           here
           ,
           expecting
           what
           conclusion
           should
           be
           made
           ,
           the
           next
           day
           he
           desired
           a
           Passe
           and
           safe
           convoy
           for
           himselfe
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           
             Lords
             States
             Ambassadors
             ,
          
           because
           as
           he
           said
           a
           cessation
           of
           Armes
           was
           not
           granted
           ;
           though
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           put
           the
           cessation
           onely
           upon
           the
           paying
           or
           giving
           them
           security
           for
           the
           extraordinary
           charge
           they
           had
           been
           put
           to
           by
           them
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           as
           the
           
             Parliament
             Declaration
          
           mentions
           at
           large
           .
           And
           having
           taken
           their
           leave
           of
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           on
           the
           
             Wednesday
          
           after
           ,
           they
           departed
           towards
           
             Gravesend
             ,
          
           and
           so
           for
           
             Holland
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           let
           all
           
             Europe
          
           judge
           between
           us
           and
           the
           Neatherlanders
           ;
           what
           could
           we
           have
           done
           more
           for
           them
           ,
           then
           we
           have
           done
           ?
           or
           hath
           any
           Nation
           done
           so
           much
           for
           a
           Forraign
           
             people
             !
          
           The
           Loan
           of
           hundreds
           of
           thousand
           pounds
           ,
           the
           Blood
           of
           thousands
           of
           English
           ,
           men
           ,
           Love
           ,
           Tenderness
           ,
           Bowels
           ,
           Affections
           ,
           
           the
           Espousing
           their
           Quarrels
           ,
           undertaking
           their
           Protection
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           at
           the
           lowest
           ,
           and
           like
           to
           be
           swallowed
           up
           quick
           ;
           even
           then
           when
           our
           outward
           condition
           was
           seemingly
           weak
           ,
           being
           newly
           come
           out
           of
           Papacy
           torne
           with
           intestine
           tumults
           ,
           engaged
           in
           War
           with
           other
           Nations
           ,
           govern'd
           chiefly
           by
           a
           Woman
           ;
           and
           all
           this
           when
           no
           tye
           of
           League
           ,
           or
           Friendship
           required
           any
           such
           thing
           ,
           or
           former
           Civilities
           :
           This
           hath
           been
           the
           dealing
           of
           
             England
          
           towards
           them
           ,
           not
           for
           a
           year
           ,
           but
           for
           a
           score
           of
           years
           ,
           not
           with
           the
           affections
           of
           Friends
           only
           ,
           but
           with
           the
           love
           of
           Brethren
           ,
           not
           for
           our
           advantage
           to
           give
           Law
           to
           them
           ,
           possess
           their
           Towns
           ,
           and
           Riches
           ,
           or
           to
           add
           them
           to
           the
           Territories
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           but
           to
           enable
           them
           to
           give
           Law
           in
           their
           own
           Borders
           ,
           to
           possess
           their
           Habitations
           ,
           and
           Estates
           in
           safety
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           them
           not
           only
           distinct
           from
           their
           Enemie
           ;
           but
           entire
           ,
           strong
           ,
           and
           absolute
           in
           their
           own
           Jurisdiction
           :
           we
           picked
           no
           Quarrels
           ,
           or
           made
           pretences
           to
           keep
           their
           Cautionary
           Towns
           ,
           no
           ,
           we
           delivered
           them
           ;
           though
           all
           our
           money
           is
           not
           paid
           to
           this
           very
           day
           .
           We
           made
           not
           our selves
           a
           third
           party
           to
           serve
           our selves
           upon
           them
           ,
           or
           have
           we
           joyned
           with
           their
           Enemie
           .
           We
           envied
           not
           their
           Prosperity
           or
           Riches
           ,
           but
           rejoyced
           in
           their
           good
           condition
           .
           We
           wished
           not
           them
           broken
           ,
           that
           we
           might
           be
           replenished
           ;
           nor
           hath
           so
           much
           as
           a
           thought
           to
           destroy
           them
           ,
           come
           into
           our
           hearts
           :
           we
           have
           not
           beat
           the
           Drum
           ,
           or
           sounded
           first
           the
           Alarm
           of
           War
           to
           them
           ,
           or
           made
           the
           first
           preparations
           thereunto
           ,
           though
           we
           have
           been
           thus
           ill
           requited
           by
           them
           ,
           for
           all
           our
           Love
           ,
           Money
           ,
           our
           powring
           forth
           of
           our
           Blood
           for
           them
           ,
           and
           hazarding
           thereby
           our
           own
           beeing
           ,
           though
           we
           have
           been
           thus
           maligned
           and
           hated
           ,
           even
           beyond
           the
           measure
           of
           the
           Cavaliers
           hatred
           ,
           Envy
           and
           Malignity
           .
           Thus
           endeavoured
           with
           the
           exercise
           of
           our
           Religion
           ,
           Lives
           ,
           Liberties
           ,
           Wives
           ,
           Children
           ,
           Estates
           ,
           and
           all
           that
           's
           pretious
           and
           dear
           to
           us
           ,
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           to
           be
           delivered
           into
           the
           bloudy
           power
           of
           that
           Tyrannicall
           King
           ,
           who
           had
           wanted
           not
           a
           will
           to
           betray
           even
           themselves
           to
           the
           
             Spaniard
             ,
          
           as
           he
           did
           those
           Nobles
           of
           
             Flanders
             ,
          
           who
           had
           sent
           to
           him
           for
           protection
           ,
           and
           whose
           heads
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spain
          
           cut
           off
           ?
           Thus
           affronted
           in
           Parliament
           by
           their
           Ambassadors
           in
           the
           year
           1645.
           who
           to
           their
           
           faces
           gave
           the
           Justice
           on
           the
           Kings
           side
           .
           Thus
           shut
           out
           of
           dores
           ,
           when
           our
           Agent
           
             Strickland
          
           could
           not
           have
           audience
           with
           the
           States
           General
           ,
           though
           he
           waited
           for
           it
           a
           year
           and
           a
           half
           .
           Thus
           murthered
           barbarously
           when
           our
           Resident
           
             Dorislaus
          
           was
           assassinated
           in
           their
           Territories
           .
           Thus
           scorned
           ,
           abused
           and
           assaulted
           by
           the
           uncommanded
           Rabble
           ;
           cursed
           by
           Prince
           
             Edward
          
           to
           our
           Ambassadors
           faces
           ,
           and
           designed
           to
           be
           strangled
           by
           that
           vile
           
             Apsley
             ,
          
           when
           our
           Ambassadors
           were
           last
           there
           .
           And
           this
           notwithstanding
           all
           our
           former
           Injuries
           ,
           we
           were
           treating
           with
           them
           for
           a
           more
           strict
           Union
           Thus
           slighted
           in
           that
           slow
           Treaty
           to
           no
           purpose
           ;
           and
           the
           plain
           Declaration
           of
           their
           looking
           for
           a
           
             Scotch
          
           line
           to
           measure
           our
           Ruins
           ,
           before
           they
           would
           measure
           our
           Peace
           :
           Thus
           tortur'd
           and
           barbariz'd
           in
           those
           of
           
             Amboyna
             ;
          
           kick'd
           out
           of
           dores
           in
           being
           dispossest
           of
           those
           Islands
           contrary
           to
           League
           and
           Agreement
           .
           Plundred
           and
           robb'd
           in
           the
           taking
           of
           our
           ships
           and
           goods
           ,
           that
           traded
           that
           way
           ,
           and
           to
           other
           places
           ,
           to
           great
           values
           ;
           Trod
           underfoot
           in
           their
           disgracefull
           dragging
           our
           
             English
          
           Colours
           after
           their
           Sterns
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           robb'd
           our
           ships
           .
        
         
           Thus
           dared
           by
           the
           Commonaltie
           beyond
           measure
           ,
           in
           their
           belching
           out
           of
           Oaths
           ,
           Curses
           ,
           Slanders
           ;
           and
           by
           their
           Masters
           in
           preparing
           Fleets
           to
           infest
           our
           Coasts
           :
           beating
           up
           of
           Drums
           for
           Voluntiers
           ;
           and
           endeavoured
           to
           be
           destroyed
           in
           
             Trump's
          
           late
           assaulting
           our
           Fleet
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Treaty
           ,
           and
           whilst
           there
           was
           Amity
           between
           us
           :
           Greater
           Love
           and
           Assistance
           then
           by
           the
           English
           to
           them
           hath
           not
           been
           shown
           to
           a
           People
           Never
           was
           love
           so
           ill
           requited
           and
           abused
           ,
           never
           was
           patience
           so
           much
           provoked
           ,
           nor
           ever
           had
           people
           a
           juster
           ground
           ,
           to
           look
           them
           in
           the
           face
           in
           case
           of
           Engagement
           ,
           which
           they
           have
           now
           forced
           ,
           the
           righteous
           God
           will
           judge
           between
           them
           and
           us
           .
        
         
           The
           People
           and
           Cause
           of
           God
           in
           this
           Nation
           is
           
             Holynesse
             to
             the
             Lord
             ,
          
           All
           that
           devour
           it
           ,
           shall
           offend
           ,
           Evill
           shall
           come
           upon
           them
           .
           
             
             Scotland
          
           hath
           found
           it
           so
           with
           a
           witness
           :
           Even
           the
           People
           of
           God
           amongst
           them
           ,
           who
           endeavoured
           its
           destruction
           .
           
             Ireland
          
           is
           yet
           paying
           dear
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           upon
           
             France
          
           are
           the
           Vials
           powring
           out
           ;
           those
           of
           
           our
           own
           Nation
           that
           assisted
           this
           Cause
           ,
           in
           the
           beginning
           ,
           and
           were
           eminent
           therein
           in
           Godliness
           and
           honesty
           ,
           falling
           upon
           this
           stone
           ,
           afterwards
           have
           been
           broken
           in
           pieces
           ,
           so
           tender
           hath
           it
           been
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           God
           ,
           
             
             Even
             as
             the
             apple
             of
             his
             Eye
             .
             Oh
             ,
             thou
          
           Belgia
           !
           
             what
             will
             become
             of
             thee
             in
             the
             day
             ,
             when
             thy
             rage
             ,
             thy
             cruelty
             ,
             they
             malice
             ,
             thy
             scorne
             ,
             thy
             ingratitude
             ,
             thy
             opposition
             to
             this
             hallowed
             thing
             ,
             shall
             come
             into
             remembrance
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             that
             day
             already
             begun
             ?
             When
             every
             crying
             
               a
            
             aha
             ,
             every
             
               b
            
             clapping
             of
             thy
             hands
             ,
             every
             stamping
             with
             thy
             feet
             :
             Every
             rejoycing
             in
             thy
             heart
             ,
             with
             despight
             ;
             every
             of
             thy
             taking
             
               c
            
             vengeance
             ,
             and
             revenge
             for
             the
             old
             hatred
             ;
             every
             of
             thy
             saying
             she
             is
             
               d
            
             broken
             ,
             she
             is
             turned
             unto
             me
             ,
             I
             shall
             be
             replenished
             ,
             she
             is
             laid
             waste
             ;
             Every
             of
             thy
             taking
             them
             up
             on
             the
             
               e
            
             Lips
             of
             talkers
             ,
             and
             making
             them
             the
             infamy
             of
             the
             People
             ;
             Every
             of
             thy
             
               f
            
             Blasphemies
             ,
             in
             saying
             ,
             they
             are
             laid
             waste
             ,
             they
             are
             given
             us
             to
             consume
             ,
             
               g
            
             when
             as
             the
             Lord
             was
             there
             .
             Every
             of
             their
             
               h
            
             Reproaches
             and
             Revilings
             shall
             be
             remembred
             ,
             and
             carry
             with
             it
             a
             weight
             of
             vengeance
             for
             Recompence
             :
             Every
             
               i
            
             evil
             neighbour
             will
             be
             visited
             in
             the
             day
             that
             God
             doth
             
               k
            
             avenge
             the
             Controversie
             of
             his
             Cause
             ;
          
           what
           then
           will
           become
           of
           you
           ,
           that
           have
           done
           more
           against
           it
           then
           all
           the
           ill
           Neighbours
           ?
           
             He
             hath
             begun
             it
             already
             ,
             the
             Kings
             ,
             and
             great
             ones
             of
          
           England
           ,
           Scotland
           ,
           
             and
          
           Ireland
           ,
           
             have
             drunk
             deeply
             of
             the
             
               l
            
             Cup
             ;
             they
             are
             become
             a
             desolation
             ,
             and
             their
             Cities
             shall
             not
             return
             ;
             The
             People
             have
             wallowed
             in
             their
             blood
             ,
             have
             
               m
            
             cursed
             their
             God
             and
             their
             King
             ,
             and
             looked
             upwards
             .
             Even
             Godly
             men
             that
             have
             walked
             in
             this
             
               n
            
             craoked
             Path
             ,
             God
             hath
             led
             them
             forth
             with
             the
             workers
             of
             Iniquity
             :
             God
             hath
             been
             
               o
            
             jealous
             for
             it
             ,
             with
             a
             great
             jealousie
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             the
             
               p
            
             mouth
             of
             the
             Lyon
             and
             the
             jaw
             of
             the
             mighty
             hath
             he
             pluck'd
             it
             ,
             and
             set
             it
             up
             on
             
               q
            
             high
             ;
             He
             hath
             lift
             up
             his
             
               r
            
             Banner
             ,
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             advanced
             it
             as
             a
             
               ſ
            
             signe
             to
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
          
           whoever
           will
           not
           bow
           down
           unto
           it
           ,
           we
           may
           rationally
           expect
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           precedent
           series
           of
           divine
           Providence
           ,
           
             must
             be
             broken
             in
             pieces
             .
          
           And
           who
           are
           you
           ,
           oh
           yeNeatherlanders
           
             ,
          
           that
           dare
           to
           set
           your selves
           against
           the
           Lord
           ,
           against
           what
           he
           hath
           done
           ,
           and
           is
           doing
           in
           these
           Nations
           ;
           to
           endeavour
           to
           strike
           out
           all
           the
           glorious
           Characters
           of
           his
           footsteps
           and
           presence
           ,
           what
           his
           Arm
           hath
           brought
           to
           pass
           for
           
           him
           ,
           and
           his
           mighty
           Power
           establish'd
           in
           these
           Dominions
           ?
           Who
           are
           you
           that
           dare
           to
           think
           ,
           that
           you
           can
           root
           out
           this
           Cause
           ,
           and
           give
           the
           lye
           to
           all
           the
           appearances
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           Prayer
           ,
           the
           Faith
           ,
           the
           Prayses
           of
           his
           Saints
           in
           these
           Nations
           ?
           
             Who
             are
             you
             that
             say
             their
             
               t
            
             Gods
             ,
             are
             Gods
             of
             the
             Hills
             ,
             therefore
             we
             will
             fight
             with
             them
             in
             the
             Valleys
             .
             They
             stood
             against
             their
             own
             Forces
             ,
             but
             they
             shall
             not
             against
             ours
             :
             The
             Land
             is
             given
             them
             in
             possession
             ,
             but
             the
             deep
             is
             ours
             ,
             and
             we
             will
             swallow
             them
             up
             as
             in
             the
             belly
             of
             Hell
             ?
          
           Our
           God
           is
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           so
           is
           our
           Cause
           on
           the
           Sea
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Land
           ;
           
             Spain
          
           found
           it
           so
           in
           the
           year
           1588.
           and
           
             All
          
           others
           have
           since
           our
           late
           Wars
           and
           Troubles
           .
        
         
           Take
           heed
           least
           Divine
           Power
           work
           revengeingly
           there
           ,
           as
           it
           hath
           begun
           upon
           you
           already
           ,
           and
           burie
           your
           Carcasses
           in
           the
           mighty
           waters
           :
           and
           take
           heed
           ,
           least
           that
           though
           we
           would
           pass
           by
           ,
           yet
           God
           will
           not
           pardon
           what
           you
           have
           done
           against
           his
           Cause
           and
           us
           .
           What
           is
           it
           that
           hath
           turned
           your
           hearts
           against
           your
           friends
           ,
           and
           set
           you
           to
           so
           ill
           requite
           their
           Love
           ,
           their
           bloud
           ,
           their
           hardships
           for
           you
           ?
           What
           is
           it
           that
           hath
           made
           you
           to
           affect
           and
           assist
           that
           cursed
           thing
           of
           Monarchy
           in
           these
           Nations
           ,
           which
           you
           before
           us
           ,
           saw
           to
           be
           a
           Plague
           ,
           and
           adventured
           your
           
             All
          
           to
           be
           rid
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           which
           hath
           confounded
           all
           its
           supporters
           ;
           and
           which
           God
           hath
           made
           to
           appear
           to
           be
           an
           accursed
           thing
           as
           clear
           as
           the
           Sun
           at
           noon
           day
           ?
           What
           is
           it
           that
           makes
           you
           retrograde
           to
           your
           Principles
           of
           a
           Free
           State
           ,
           that
           having
           known
           the
           benefit
           of
           Freedom
           ,
           through
           the
           Bloud
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           you
           should
           endeavour
           the
           slavery
           of
           
             England
             ?
          
        
         
           Why
           should
           you
           be
           angry
           ,
           that
           we
           stand
           upon
           our
           Legs
           ,
           and
           honestly
           proceed
           ,
           to
           serve
           the
           advantage
           of
           our
           impoverish'd
           Countery
           ,
           and
           to
           improve
           ,
           what
           God
           in
           nature
           ,
           Providence
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           dreadfulness
           of
           War
           ,
           hath
           handed
           to
           us
           ?
           Why
           should
           you
           covet
           our
           Trade
           ,
           and
           Riches
           ,
           and
           not
           rather
           be
           contented
           with
           what
           God
           gives
           you
           ,
           though
           it
           were
           with
           a
           sparing
           hand
           ?
           Why
           should
           you
           rather
           delight
           to
           see
           us
           in
           our
           Blood
           ;
           our
           Cities
           and
           Habitations
           laid
           waste
           ;
           Our
           Bodies
           ,
           Wives
           ,
           Virgins
           ,
           prostituted
           to
           the
           mercy
           of
           the
           Bloody
           Enemies
           of
           God
           and
           us
           :
           and
           rather
           then
           fail
           ,
           endeavour
           it
           
           with
           your
           own
           hands
           ,
           then
           that
           you
           should
           be
           disappointed
           of
           the
           sweetness
           of
           that
           gain
           ,
           you
           got
           by
           our
           Losses
           and
           Ruines
           ?
           Why
           should
           you
           be
           grieved
           at
           the
           heart
           ,
           that
           you
           did
           not
           fully
           assert
           the
           King
           of
           
             Scots
          
           interest
           ,
           when
           as
           you
           see
           God
           is
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           against
           his
           bloudy
           House
           ;
           And
           the
           Lord
           knows
           how
           much
           you
           are
           under
           vengeance
           ,
           for
           what
           you
           have
           done
           for
           him
           ,
           already
           ?
           Would
           you
           be
           thus
           measured
           to
           your selves
           ?
        
         
           Doe
           you
           think
           that
           the
           Cause
           here
           which
           hath
           in
           its
           weakest
           condition
           born
           down
           all
           before
           it
           like
           a
           mighty
           Torrent
           ,
           will
           not
           quit
           it self
           against
           your
           unrighteous
           Attempts
           ?
        
         
           Think
           you
           that
           this
           State
           ,
           who
           to
           do
           their
           People
           Right
           ,
           have
           not
           spared
           King
           ,
           nor
           Constitution
           ,
           Friend
           or
           Brother
           ;
           but
           have
           travelled
           through
           ten
           years
           bloudy
           Wars
           ;
           waiting
           upon
           God
           for
           such
           a
           day
           as
           this
           ,
           Even
           in
           the
           way
           of
           his
           Judgments
           ,
           which
           he
           hath
           brought
           forth
           ;
           Ought
           or
           can
           with
           a
           
             Salvo
          
           to
           their
           Duty
           ,
           and
           a
           due
           regard
           to
           the
           presence
           of
           God
           ,
           with
           them
           in
           pursuing
           Right
           ,
           and
           the
           Reputation
           hee
           hath
           put
           upon
           them
           ,
           permit
           the
           People
           of
           
             England
          
           to
           be
           so
           grossely
           injur'd
           ?
           No
           ,
           no
           ,
           should
           they
           ,
           which
           I
           trust
           never
           will
           be
           ;
           the
           Lord
           will
           finde
           a
           way
           ,
           to
           preserve
           his
           Cause
           amongst
           Us
           ,
           and
           right
           Us
           on
           our
           Enemies
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           God
           that
           manageth
           our
           Cause
           and
           Interest
           ,
           whose
           wonted
           Presence
           as
           we
           found
           it
           upon
           your
           late
           Assault
           ;
           So
           we
           doubt
           no
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           will
           Signally
           manifest
           that
           he
           is
           with
           Us
           upon
           our
           future
           Engagements
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           humble
           confidence
           of
           which
           ,
           we
           go
           forth
           ,
           and
           wait
           upon
           him
           for
           a
           Blessing
           on
           our
           Undertakings
           .
        
         
           I
           had
           thought
           here
           to
           have
           concluded
           ;
           but
           sithence
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           their
           Abettors
           talk
           so
           much
           ,
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           and
           of
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           to
           insinuate
           some
           Indearment
           upon
           the
           hearts
           of
           many
           ,
           upon
           that
           account
           :
           It
           seems
           to
           mee
           to
           bee
           worth
           the
           while
           ,
           and
           very
           necessary
           a
           little
           to
           discourse
           ,
           how
           far
           those
           States
           ,
           have
           by
           their
           Actions
           appeared
           considerable
           ,
           at
           to
           those
           two
           grand
           and
           noble
           Interests
           ,
           and
           those
           things
           being
           well
           weighed
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Cause
           now
           on
           foot
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           their
           Carriage
           to
           other
           States
           in
           point
           of
           Leagues
           ,
           
           Treaties
           and
           Amity
           ,
           and
           particularly
           with
           this
           Nation
           ,
           how
           far
           it
           is
           safe
           for
           
             England
          
           to
           enter
           into
           a
           strict
           League
           and
           Union
           with
           those
           People
           .
        
         
           Interest
           is
           the
           true
           
             Zenith
          
           of
           every
           State
           and
           Person
           ,
           according
           to
           which
           they
           may
           certainly
           be
           understood
           ,
           though
           cloathed
           never
           so
           much
           with
           the
           most
           specious
           disguise
           of
           Religion
           ,
           Justice
           and
           Necessity
           :
           And
           Actions
           are
           the
           effects
           of
           Interests
           ,
           from
           whom
           they
           proceed
           ,
           and
           to
           whom
           they
           tend
           naturally
           as
           the
           stone
           doth
           downward
           .
           So
           that
           unless
           it
           be
           in
           some
           things
           seemingly
           contrary
           Acted
           ,
           now
           and
           then
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           work
           about
           the
           grand
           End
           :
           (
           for
           the
           Devil
           himself
           mostly
           deceives
           ,
           when
           he
           appears
           as
           an
           Angel
           of
           Light
           )
           and
           in
           cases
           of
           necessity
           where
           force
           and
           power
           constrain
           another
           Course
           ,
           (
           which
           will
           return
           into
           the
           old
           Channel
           ,
           the
           first
           opportunity
           )
           thereby
           the
           measure
           of
           every
           state
           and
           person
           may
           be
           taken
           and
           determined
           .
           Therefore
           it
           will
           be
           requisite
           to
           instance
           in
           some
           of
           the
           practises
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           in
           reference
           to
           the
           things
           proposed
           ;
           where
           by
           some
           Judgment
           may
           be
           given
           therein
           ;
           And
           if
           such
           Presidents
           be
           not
           according
           to
           what
           they
           do
           pretend
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           but
           their
           own
           Picture
           ,
           by
           which
           if
           they
           would
           not
           have
           themselves
           known
           ,
           they
           should
           have
           forborn
           by
           such
           Practises
           ,
           to
           have
           set
           it
           forth
           to
           the
           world
           ,
           or
           by
           their
           late
           Actions
           to
           necessitate
           Us
           in
           point
           of
           our
           safety
           and
           intimate
           concernment
           ,
           to
           set
           forth
           any
           thing
           of
           that
           nature
           ,
           for
           a
           warning
           to
           
             England
             :
          
           It
           being
           so
           farre
           from
           us
           to
           delight
           in
           the
           uncovering
           of
           their
           nakednesse
           ,
           that
           we
           wish
           (
           if
           the
           Lord
           had
           pleased
           )
           that
           there
           had
           been
           no
           such
           things
           done
           ,
           or
           any
           occasions
           offered
           us
           ,
           to
           take
           notice
           thereof
           ,
           since
           we
           have
           wished
           so
           well
           to
           ,
           and
           done
           so
           much
           for
           their
           advantage
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           :
           True
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           it
           hath
           been
           there
           for
           many
           years
           professed
           ,
           and
           exercised
           ;
           and
           with
           the
           fruit
           of
           the
           power
           of
           Godliness
           ,
           in
           many
           afore
           time
           ,
           and
           wee
           hope
           at
           this
           present
           that
           some
           are
           there
           eminent
           for
           the
           profession
           thereof
           :
           and
           they
           have
           been
           a
           place
           of
           Refuge
           to
           many
           precious
           Saints
           ,
           from
           the
           bitter
           persecutions
           of
           the
           Enemies
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           true
           Religion
           ,
           
           which
           God
           hath
           always
           taken
           well
           even
           of
           
             Moab
             ,
          
           and
           
           hath
           rewarded
           it
           with
           long
           and
           many
           kindnesses
           ,
           and
           for
           his
           peoples
           sake
           ,
           and
           the
           hiding
           of
           his
           out-casts
           ,
           hath
           lengthned
           the
           tranquillity
           of
           places
           ,
           who
           otherwise
           have
           been
           the
           people
           of
           his
           wrath
           :
           And
           if
           any
           thing
           prevail
           with
           God
           to
           save
           them
           from
           destruction
           ,
           certainly
           this
           will
           be
           a
           chief
           one
           :
           but
           withall
           it
           is
           to
           be
           considered
           ,
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           all
           other
           Religions
           ,
           have
           had
           their
           professions
           there
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Protestant
           ,
           and
           the
           Exiles
           thereof
           received
           and
           protected
           ,
           even
           of
           what
           is
           most
           contrary
           to
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Gospel
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           the
           Scriptures
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           Exercise
           and
           Protection
           aforesaid
           is
           upon
           a
           State
           principle
           of
           advantage
           ,
           not
           upon
           a
           principle
           of
           true
           Religion
           ,
           whereby
           they
           not
           only
           keep
           quiet
           at
           home
           ,
           but
           draw
           all
           such
           people
           to
           their
           quarters
           .
           (
           It
           being
           the
           only
           place
           of
           such
           priviledge
           in
           the
           world
           )
           and
           thereby
           have
           been
           possessors
           of
           their
           Vertues
           ,
           Ingenuities
           ,
           Friends
           ,
           Occupations
           ,
           Persons
           ,
           and
           Estates
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           In
           the
           36
           Articles
           that
           themselves
           proposed
           to
           
             England
             ,
          
           as
           the
           matter
           of
           a
           Treaty
           for
           a
           strict
           Union
           formerly
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           late
           Treaties
           here
           ,
           they
           have
           neither
           mentioned
           ,
           nor
           proposed
           any
           thing
           concerning
           Religion
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           In
           point
           of
           gain
           ,
           they
           have
           not
           only
           deserted
           the
           opportunities
           of
           effecting
           the
           liberty
           of
           the
           true
           Protestant
           Religion
           in
           other
           places
           ,
           which
           they
           might
           have
           done
           by
           their
           power
           and
           interest
           ;
           and
           particularly
           their
           own
           flesh
           and
           bloud
           .
           Contrary
           to
           their
           holy
           and
           perpetual
           Union
           (
           as
           it
           is
           styled
           )
           but
           have
           assisted
           Popish
           Princes
           against
           the
           poor
           Protestants
           ;
           when
           they
           have
           been
           contending
           in
           bloud
           for
           their
           Religion
           and
           Liberty
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           following
           instances
           may
           appear
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           13
           Article
           of
           the
           Union
           of
           
             Vtricht
             ,
          
           in
           the
           year
           1579.
           it
           is
           said
           ;
           That
           what
           concerneth
           the
           point
           of
           Religion
           ,
           Those
           of
           
             Holland
          
           and
           
             Zealand
          
           shall
           dispose
           of
           it
           according
           to
           their
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Provinces
           of
           this
           Union
           ,
           may
           regulate
           themselves
           according
           to
           the
           intention
           of
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           about
           Religion
           made
           between
           Archduke
           
             Matthias
             ,
          
           Governour
           and
           Captain
           General
           then
           of
           these
           Lands
           ,
           with
           those
           of
           his
           Councel
           of
           the
           States
           General
           in
           the
           year
           1558.
           
        
         
         
           In
           the
           first
           Article
           of
           the
           said
           Union
           is
           promised
           an
           Eternal
           Union
           ,
           and
           never
           to
           separate
           ,
           (
           consequently
           never
           to
           forsake
           the
           members
           that
           have
           signed
           the
           said
           Union
           ;
           Amongst
           those
           that
           signed
           the
           said
           Union
           ,
           are
           also
           those
           of
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           those
           of
           
             Gant
             ,
          
           and
           those
           of
           
             Bruges
             .
          
        
         
           Contrary
           to
           this
           Union
           those
           of
           
             Holland
          
           and
           
             Zealand
             ,
          
           made
           a
           Truce
           with
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           in
           the
           year
           1609.
           for
           12
           years
           ,
           and
           a
           peace
           in
           the
           year
           1648.
           and
           left
           out
           the
           said
           Towns
           of
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           &c.
           notwithstanding
           that
           there
           was
           all
           likelihood
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           have
           delivered
           those
           Towns
           ,
           from
           the
           yoak
           of
           the
           
             Spaniard
             ,
          
           and
           have
           obtained
           freedome
           ,
           if
           they
           would
           for
           those
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           in
           those
           Towns
           ,
           especially
           for
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           as
           by
           what
           follows
           may
           appear
           .
           For
           the
           Town
           of
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           't
           is
           true
           it
           was
           taken
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Parma
             ,
          
           and
           in
           the
           
             Spaniards
          
           possession
           ;
           but
           how
           easily
           it
           might
           have
           been
           re-taken
           ,
           will
           appear
           ,
           when
           as
           it
           is
           considered
           ,
           that
           upon
           a
           new
           League
           and
           Agreement
           made
           with
           
             Lewis
             14.
             
          
           King
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           and
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           to
           pursue
           the
           War
           against
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           conjointly
           :
           the
           said
           King
           drew
           20000
           Foot
           ,
           and
           4000
           Horse
           into
           the
           Field
           in
           
             Flanders
             ,
          
           according
           to
           the
           third
           Article
           of
           the
           said
           League
           ,
           infesting
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           ,
           whilst
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           drew
           his
           Army
           forth
           towards
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           upon
           the
           same
           Article
           ,
           to
           assist
           the
           taking
           in
           of
           which
           ,
           the
           
             French
          
           over
           &
           above
           the
           former
           agreement
           of
           men
           and
           money
           ,
           lent
           them
           3000
           horse
           and
           3000
           foot
           ,
           which
           also
           were
           shipped
           and
           landed
           ,
           as
           desired
           ,
           ready
           to
           join
           in
           performance
           of
           that
           exploit
           .
           The
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           having
           taken
           in
           the
           Castle
           of
           
             Teemche
             ,
          
           lying
           by
           the
           
             Scheld
          
           beyond
           
             Autwerp
             ;
          
           The
           
             French
          
           the
           Town
           of
           
             Dunkerk
             ,
          
           might
           easily
           have
           made
           himself
           Master
           of
           the
           Town
           of
           
             Antwerp
             ;
          
           they
           within
           having
           as
           good
           as
           tendred
           themselves
           up
           to
           him
           ;
           yet
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           neither
           besieged
           nor
           assaulted
           the
           said
           Town
           :
           but
           having
           left
           the
           Castle
           of
           
             Teemche
             ,
          
           assoon
           as
           he
           had
           taken
           it
           ,
           in
           a
           manner
           ,
           the
           design
           pretended
           against
           
             Antwerp
          
           vanisht
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           discontent
           of
           the
           
             French
             ,
          
           whose
           6000
           supplies
           were
           not
           made
           use
           of
           ,
           and
           committed
           many
           outrages
           ,
           in
           the
           County
           of
           
             Waes
             ,
          
           and
           the
           leaving
           that
           Town
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           
             Spaniard
             ,
          
           and
           the
           poor
           Protestants
           
           there
           ,
           their
           owne
           flesh
           and
           blood
           (
           called
           in
           dirision
           
             Brothers
             )
          
           to
           the
           oppression
           of
           the
           
             Catholiques
             ,
          
           and
           other
           mischiefes
           to
           this
           very
           day
           ;
           contrary
           to
           the
           Union
           aforesaid
           ,
           whereby
           they
           were
           obliged
           to
           redeem
           them
           (
           if
           taken
           )
           out
           of
           the
           hand
           of
           the
           
             Spaniard
             .
          
        
         
           How
           easie
           it
           was
           for
           them
           to
           have
           possessed
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           the
           forementioned
           particulars
           do
           evince
           ;
           and
           the
           whole
           Army
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           that
           were
           there
           know
           ,
           and
           the
           world
           is
           not
           ignorant
           thereof
           :
           And
           all
           this
           for
           no
           other
           reason
           ,
           as
           can
           be
           imagined
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Town
           of
           
             Antwerp
          
           being
           thus
           reduced
           ,
           would
           have
           drawn
           to
           its
           selfe
           its
           ancient
           and
           great
           
             Trade
             ,
          
           which
           
             Holland
          
           and
           
             Zealand
          
           enjoyes
           ,
           whilst
           
             Antwerp
          
           continues
           in
           the
           hand
           of
           the
           
             Spaniard
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Scheld
          
           shut
           up
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1624.
           presently
           after
           the
           
             Treaty
          
           of
           
             Campeigne
             ,
          
           made
           between
           
             Lewis
             13.
             
          
           King
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             States
          
           of
           the
           
             Vnited
             Provinces
             ,
          
           concerning
           a
           Subsidie
           against
           
             Spain
             ;
          
           another
           little
           
             Treaty
          
           was
           at
           the
           
             Hague
             ,
          
           between
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             States
             ,
          
           wherein
           the
           
             States
          
           agreed
           to
           furnish
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           with
           20
           ships
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Admiral
           
             Haultaine
          
           in
           a
           design
           to
           shut
           up
           
             Genoa
          
           by
           water
           ,
           whilst
           the
           Constable
           
             Lesdigueries
          
           should
           besiege
           it
           by
           land
           .
        
         
           The
           War
           between
           the
           
             Protestants
          
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           of
           which
           
             Rachel
          
           was
           the
           chief
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           falling
           out
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           said
           King
           agreed
           also
           by
           his
           
             Ambassador
             Monsieur
             de
             Belluion
          
           with
           the
           said
           
             States
          
           for
           20
           ships
           against
           the
           
             Protestants
          
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           whereof
           having
           received
           8.
           the
           
             French
          
           King
           by
           his
           Ambassador
           
             Monsieur
             d'Espesses
          
           at
           the
           
             Hague
             ,
          
           moved
           the
           
             States
             ,
          
           that
           in
           regard
           he
           had
           present
           need
           of
           the
           other
           twelve
           ships
           ,
           which
           were
           not
           yet
           ready
           ,
           that
           the
           
             States
          
           should
           let
           him
           have
           twelve
           of
           the
           twenty
           that
           were
           designed
           for
           
             Genoa
             ,
          
           to
           be
           commanded
           by
           
             French
          
           Officers
           ,
           though
           the
           Lords
           
             States
          
           judged
           it
           better
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           be
           commanded
           by
           their
           own
           .
           And
           these
           ships
           were
           to
           be
           imployed
           against
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Sonbize
          
           principally
           ,
           who
           was
           tending
           to
           
             England
          
           for
           reliefe
           :
           Whereupon
           the
           Lords
           
             States
          
           deputed
           the
           Lords
           of
           
             Essen
             ,
             Noortwyck
             ,
          
           and
           
             Bootelar
             ,
          
           to
           enter
           into
           conference
           with
           the
           said
           
             Ambassador
             ;
          
           who
           after
           many
           debates
           
           the
           12.
           of
           
             Aprill
             1625.
          
           at
           the
           
             Hague
             ,
          
           did
           finally
           agree
           and
           conclude
           ,
           First
           ,
           That
           the
           20
           ships
           should
           he
           forthwith
           sent
           to
           Sea
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Admiral
           
             Haultain
             ,
          
           that
           should
           command
           them
           ,
           being
           come
           to
           the
           height
           of
           
             Callice
          
           and
           
             Dover
             ,
          
           shall
           give
           advice
           thereof
           to
           his
           Majesties
           Troops
           being
           at
           
             Haure
             de
             Grace
             ,
          
           That
           they
           may
           there
           imbarque
           themselves
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           then
           doe
           joyn
           with
           the
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           conjunctly
           steer
           their
           course
           to
           the
           Isle
           of
           
             Wight
             ;
          
           where
           being
           informed
           where
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Soubize
          
           did
           keep
           himself
           ,
           and
           what
           Forces
           he
           might
           have
           :
           And
           having
           first
           resolved
           how
           they
           might
           set
           upon
           him
           ,
           then
           they
           should
           put
           aboard
           the
           
             French
          
           Foot
           into
           12
           of
           those
           ships
           ,
           which
           afterwards
           should
           be
           commanded
           by
           
             French
          
           Officers
           ,
           under
           the
           conduct
           of
           the
           Admirall
           
             Haultain
             ,
          
           and
           this
           notwithstanding
           without
           removing
           out
           of
           the
           ships
           ,
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           Captains
           ,
           Officers
           ,
           or
           Mariners
           :
           but
           in
           case
           they
           should
           be
           informed
           ,
           That
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Sonbize
          
           was
           reduced
           to
           obedience
           ,
           or
           that
           the
           12
           ships
           of
           Supplies
           were
           arrived
           ,
           then
           the
           said
           20
           ships
           shall
           remain
           under
           the
           conduct
           of
           their
           Captains
           ;
           and
           the
           last
           12
           arrived
           ships
           shall
           be
           commanded
           by
           
             French
          
           Captains
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           20
           according
           to
           
             Treaty
             ,
          
           might
           passe
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           agreed
           on
           .
        
         
           These
           ships
           were
           imployed
           against
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Soubize
             ,
          
           and
           the
           charge
           defrayed
           by
           the
           
             French
          
           King
           ;
           and
           if
           any
           of
           the
           said
           ships
           came
           to
           miscarry
           in
           the
           
             French
          
           service
           ,
           the
           loss
           was
           to
           be
           made
           good
           by
           the
           
             French
          
           King
           .
        
         
           Whilst
           the
           Admirall
           
             Haultain
          
           was
           at
           Sea
           in
           the
           Design
           aforesaid
           ,
           a
           Gentleman
           came
           to
           give
           his
           wife
           a
           visit
           ;
           who
           asking
           her
           how
           she
           did
           ,
           she
           told
           him
           ,
           
             That
             she
             was
             very
             much
             perplext
             ,
             and
             troubled
             in
             herself
             ,
             not
             being
             able
             to
             satisfie
             her
             own
             Conscience
             :
             For
             if
             she
             prayed
             for
             the
             prosperity
             of
             her
             husband
             ,
             then
             she
             should
             pray
             against
             her
             owne
             Religion
             :
             For
             her
             husband
             served
             against
             the
             Protestants
             :
             And
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             if
             she
             prayed
             for
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             then
             she
             should
             pray
             against
             her
             Husband
             .
          
        
         
           Yet
           it
           is
           observable
           ,
           how
           God
           crost
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           in
           point
           of
           advantage
           in
           this
           business
           :
           For
           though
           the
           ships
           performed
           very
           great
           service
           for
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           and
           the
           poor
           
             Protestants
          
           were
           utterly
           subdued
           ;
           yet
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           or
           the
           
           Cardinal
           
             Richelieua
          
           little
           after
           ordered
           a
           great
           number
           of
           their
           
             Merchant
             ships
          
           to
           be
           kept
           by
           force
           in
           the
           
             French
             Harbours
             ,
          
           and
           altogether
           ,
           some
           with
           their
           Cables
           ,
           Anchors
           ,
           Lading
           ,
           and
           what
           else
           belonged
           to
           them
           ,
           were
           sunk
           in
           the
           Channell
           of
           
             Rochell
             ;
          
           for
           which
           great
           losse
           and
           charge
           ,
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           were
           not
           paid
           in
           many
           years
           after
           .
           And
           when
           they
           were
           paid
           ,
           it
           was
           by
           piecemeals
           ,
           being
           enforced
           to
           give
           great
           Bribes
           and
           Presents
           for
           the
           accomplishing
           thereof
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           all
           this
           I
           might
           add
           ,
           what
           they
           have
           done
           in
           assisting
           the
           late
           King
           of
           
             England
          
           and
           his
           son
           against
           the
           truly
           godly
           of
           this
           Nation
           .
           But
           this
           is
           already
           discoursed
           .
        
         
           When
           a
           people
           come
           to
           be
           bold
           on
           God
           ,
           
           and
           in
           presumption
           of
           his
           favour
           ,
           upon
           some
           good
           act
           or
           other
           of
           theirs
           ;
           take
           liberty
           to
           commit
           all
           manner
           of
           wickednesse
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           putting
           out
           the
           face
           of
           
             Religion
             ,
          
           supposing
           that
           God
           is
           engaged
           to
           passe
           by
           their
           iniquity
           ,
           because
           of
           some
           acts
           of
           righteousnes
           ,
           and
           make
           such
           use
           of
           his
           patience
           and
           long-suffering
           ,
           which
           should
           lead
           them
           unto
           repentance
           ,
           
           as
           to
           think
           he
           delayes
           his
           coming
           ,
           and
           therefore
           fall
           on
           beating
           their
           fellow-servants
           ,
           and
           eat
           and
           drink
           with
           the
           drunken
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           holding
           of
           his
           peace
           ,
           and
           permitting
           of
           them
           success
           ,
           that
           he
           is
           one
           like
           unto
           themselves
           ,
           and
           approves
           of
           their
           falsness
           and
           wickedness
           .
           Here
           what
           the
           
             Scripture
          
           saith
           in
           this
           particular
           ,
           
             Psal.
             50.
             21
             ,
             22.
             
             These
             things
             hast
             thou
             done
             ,
             and
             I
             kept
             silence
             ,
             thou
             thoughtest
             that
             I
             was
             altogether
             such
             a
             man
             as
             thy selfe
             :
             But
             I
             will
             reprove
             thee
             ,
             and
             set
             them
             in
             order
             before
             thine
             eyes
             .
             Now
             consider
             this
             ,
             ye
             that
             forget
             God
             ,
             lest
             I
             tear
             you
             in
             pieces
             ,
             and
             there
             be
             none
             to
             deliver
             you
             .
          
           Isai.
           61.
           8.
           
           
             I
             the
             Lord
             hate
             robbery
             for
             Burnt-offering
             .
          
           Jerem.
           7.
           4
           ,
           8
           ,
           10
           ,
           11
           ,
           12
           ,
           13
           ,
           14
           ,
           15
           ,
           16.
           
           
             Trust
             ye
             not
             in
             lying
             words
             ,
             saying
             ,
             The
             Temple
             of
             the
             Lord
             ,
             the
             Temple
             of
             the
             Lord
             :
             the
             Temple
             of
             the
             Lord
             are
             these
             ,
             Behold
             ,
             you
             trust
             in
             lying
             words
             that
             cannot
             profit
             .
             Will
             you
             steale
             ,
             murther
             ,
             and
             commit
             adultery
             ,
             and
             swear
             falsly
             ,
             and
             burn
             Incense
             unto
          
           Baal
           ,
           
             and
             walk
             after
             other
             Gods
             whom
             you
             know
             not
             ,
             and
             come
             and
             stand
             before
             me
             in
             this
             House
             ,
             that
             is
             called
             by
             my
             Name
             ,
             and
             say
             ,
             We
             are
             delivered
             to
             commit
             all
             these
             abominations
             .
             Behold
             ,
             even
             I
             have
             seen
             it
             .
             Go
             to
          
           Shiloh
           ,
           
             where
             I
             set
             my
             Name
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             see
             what
             I
             did
             to
             it
             ,
             for
             the
             wickedness
             of
             my
             people
             Israel
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             And
             now
             because
             you
             have
             done
             all
             these
             works
             saith
             the
             Lord
             ,
             and
             I
             spake
             to
             you
             rising
             up
             early
             and
             speaking
             ,
             but
             you
             heard
             not
             ,
             and
             I
             called
             you
             ,
             but
             you
             answered
             not
             :
             therefore
             will
             I
             doe
             to
             this
             House
             as
             to
          
           Shiloh
           ,
           
             and
             I
             will
             cast
             you
             out
             of
             my
             sight
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             done
             your
             Brethren
             .
             Therefore
             pray
             not
             thou
             for
             this
             people
             ,
             neither
             lift
             thou
             up
             cry
             nor
             prayer
             for
             them
             ,
             neither
             make
             intercession
             to
             me
             ,
             for
             I
             will
             not
             hear
             thee
             .
          
           Matth.
           24.
           48
           ,
           49
           ,
           50
           ,
           51.
           
           
             But
             and
             if
             that
             evill
             servant
             shall
             say
             in
             his
             heart
             ,
             My
             Lord
             delayeth
             his
             coming
             ,
             and
             shall
             begin
             to
             smite
             his
             fellow-servants
             ,
             and
             to
             eat
             and
             drink
             with
             the
             drunken
             :
             The
             Lord
             of
             that
             servant
             shall
             come
             in
             a
             day
             when
             he
             looketh
             not
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             in
             an
             houre
             that
             he
             is
             not
             aware
             of
             ,
             and
             shall
             cut
             him
             asunder
             ,
             and
             appoint
             him
             his
             portion
             with
             the
             Hypocrites
             :
             There
             shall
             be
             weeping
             and
             gnashing
             of
             teeth
             .
          
        
         
           2.
           
           For
           the
           Interests
           of
           Libertie
           ,
           it
           is
           true
           ,
           they
           are
           in
           a
           condition
           of
           a
           Free
           State
           ;
           but
           so
           far
           from
           establishing
           others
           in
           the
           same
           condition
           ,
           who
           have
           groaned
           under
           the
           sad
           oppression
           of
           Tyrants
           ;
           that
           it
           is
           known
           to
           
             Europe
             ,
          
           how
           their
           great
           designe
           hath
           been
           to
           be
           Free
           Men
           themselves
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           the
           world
           (
           as
           far
           as
           they
           are
           able
           )
           their
           slaves
           and
           vassals
           .
           So
           far
           have
           they
           been
           from
           the
           true
           Principles
           of
           Freedom
           ,
           which
           is
           ready
           to
           make
           others
           as
           free
           as
           it self
           .
        
         
           We
           need
           not
           run
           far
           for
           Instances
           of
           this
           nature
           ,
           nor
           multiply
           them
           :
           Our
           own
           late
           experience
           will
           be
           enough
           to
           evince
           this
           particular
           .
           The
           kindness
           ,
           blood
           ,
           and
           money
           aforded
           by
           the
           Parliament
           of
           
             England
          
           in
           the
           days
           of
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
             ,
          
           
           put
           them
           into
           the
           condition
           of
           Liberty
           from
           the
           Sword
           of
           
             Spain
             :
          
           The
           power
           and
           interposition
           of
           
             England
          
           in
           the
           days
           of
           King
           
             James
             ,
          
           caused
           them
           to
           be
           declared
           a
           Free
           State
           .
           
           The
           Valour
           and
           Arms
           of
           
             English
             men
          
           hath
           stood
           by
           them
           ,
           to
           seucure
           their
           Freedom
           .
           Yet
           when
           the
           Parliament
           of
           
             England
          
           were
           enforced
           to
           contend
           in
           blood
           for
           Libertie
           and
           Religion
           ,
           against
           the
           Armies
           of
           our
           late
           Tyrant
           ,
           and
           his
           son
           ,
           who
           sought
           to
           destroy
           both
           ,
           and
           had
           the
           influence
           of
           the
           same
           designes
           ,
           upon
           themselves
           by
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
             .
          
           Yet
           none
           contributed
           more
           assistance
           to
           that
           King
           and
           his
           son
           ,
           then
           the
           United
           Provinces
           :
           and
           none
           more
           scorned
           ,
           abused
           ,
           and
           injured
           the
           Parliament
           and
           their
           Friends
           ,
           then
           the
           
             Neatherlanders
             .
          
           
           In
           so
           much
           that
           they
           appeared
           as
           one
           body
           ,
           and
           carrying
           on
           the
           same
           designe
           as
           members
           thereof
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           same
           soul
           possessed
           them
           ,
           appears
           in
           what
           they
           have
           lately
           attempted
           upon
           this
           Nation
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           at
           large
           mentioned
           in
           the
           former
           part
           of
           this
           discourse
           .
        
         
           Much
           might
           be
           also
           said
           concerning
           their
           endeavour
           to
           monopolize
           all
           Trade
           into
           their
           own
           hands
           ;
           having
           by
           their
           League
           with
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           begun
           in
           the
           year
           1649.
           and
           ratified
           in
           the
           year
           1651.
           which
           was
           managed
           by
           
             Vlefeld
             ,
          
           Ambassador
           for
           that
           King
           ,
           agreed
           with
           the
           said
           King
           for
           the
           passage
           of
           the
           Sound
           at
           140000
           
             Pattacoons
             ,
          
           or
           
             Dolors
             per
             annum
          
           for
           certain
           years
           to
           come
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           said
           King
           should
           not
           (
           during
           those
           certain
           years
           )
           let
           it
           at
           the
           same
           rate
           to
           any
           other
           Nation
           :
           whereby
           they
           have
           in
           effect
           excluded
           all
           other
           Nations
           from
           the
           
             Baltick
          
           Trade
           ;
           The
           
             Eastland
          
           Trade
           .
           The
           Trade
           of
           
             Sweden
             ,
             Lyfeland
             ,
             Prussia
             ,
             Poland
             ,
             Pomerania
             ,
             Silesia
             ,
          
           &c.
           in
           regard
           they
           have
           the
           passage
           of
           the
           Sound
           at
           so
           low
           a
           rate
           ,
           and
           that
           others
           must
           not
           only
           pay
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark's
          
           old
           Toll
           :
           shew
           their
           Pass
           to
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           Commissary
           ;
           but
           pay
           the
           same
           Toll
           over
           again
           ,
           if
           they
           come
           to
           
             Holland
             :
          
           also
           all
           other
           ships
           ,
           that
           formerly
           used
           from
           
             Holland
          
           to
           Trade
           through
           the
           Sound
           ,
           or
           return
           through
           the
           Sound
           to
           
             Holland
             ,
          
           or
           other
           places
           .
           And
           in
           effect
           have
           forced
           the
           Merchandize
           of
           the
           
             Baltick
          
           Sea
           (
           viz
           )
           Masts
           ,
           Pitch
           ,
           Cables
           ,
           Iron
           ,
           Copper
           ,
           Brass
           ,
           Clapboard
           ,
           Tar
           ,
           and
           other
           Stable
           Commodities
           ,
           to
           their
           own
           Markets
           ,
           where
           they
           put
           their
           own
           prices
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           at
           their
           choice
           ,
           whether
           they
           will
           part
           with
           them
           or
           no
           .
        
         
           Also
           by
           their
           denying
           all
           Nations
           to
           sail
           or
           trade
           to
           
             Graveling
             ,
             Dunkirk
             ,
             Newport
             ,
             Ostend
             ,
             Blackenbergh
             ;
          
           they
           have
           taken
           to
           themselves
           all
           the
           Commerce
           of
           
             Flanders
          
           and
           those
           parts
           ;
           during
           their
           war
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           and
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           themselves
           did
           furnish
           those
           of
           
             Brabant
             ,
             Flanders
             ,
             Consen
             ,
             Dunkirk
             ,
          
           and
           
             Graveling
             :
          
           And
           by
           their
           treacherous
           ,
           cruel
           ,
           and
           inhumane
           dealing
           with
           the
           
             English
          
           in
           
             Amboyna
          
           in
           the
           year
           1622
           ,
           and
           dispossessing
           of
           them
           out
           of
           those
           Islands
           ;
           have
           monopolized
           the
           Trade
           of
           Nutmegs
           ,
           &c.
           from
           all
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           wickedly
           have
           ravished
           ,
           and
           detained
           it
           from
           the
           
           English
           ;
           but
           I
           shall
           forbear
           further
           discoursing
           hereof
           ;
           it
           being
           besides
           my
           purpose
           largely
           to
           treat
           concerning
           these
           things
           ;
           onely
           this
           may
           be
           taken
           notice
           of
           ;
           that
           where
           they
           have
           seen
           any
           thing
           of
           advantage
           ,
           if
           by
           cunning
           ,
           force
           ,
           or
           fraud
           ,
           they
           have
           been
           able
           ;
           no
           consideration
           of
           Right
           ,
           Friendship
           ,
           Leagues
           ,
           Humanity
           ,
           or
           Religion
           ,
           have
           held
           them
           from
           the
           endeavouring
           the
           accomplishing
           of
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           For
           their
           carriage
           in
           point
           of
           Leagues
           ,
           and
           Treaties
           ,
           I
           shall
           onely
           give
           some
           instances
           ,
           of
           latter
           years
           ,
           for
           proof
           of
           which
           we
           shall
           not
           be
           enforced
           to
           history
           ;
           but
           to
           the
           living
           Testimonies
           of
           the
           present
           times
           ,
           in
           which
           I
           shall
           be
           necessitated
           to
           be
           a
           little
           large
           .
           My
           first
           shall
           be
           of
           
             France
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1627
           a
           Treaty
           of
           Confederacy
           or
           Alliance
           was
           agreed
           on
           at
           
             Paris
             ,
             August
             28.
          
           between
           
             Lewis
          
           the
           13th
           .
           King
           of
           
             France
             ,
          
           and
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           to
           relieve
           each
           other
           ,
           and
           to
           secure
           the
           Trade
           and
           Commerce
           of
           each
           other
           ;
           but
           this
           was
           not
           ratified
           ,
           till
           the
           yeer
           1630.
           
           At
           this
           Treaty
           it
           was
           agreed
           on
           ,
           likewise
           ,
        
         
           
             That
             if
             the
             King
             of
             
               France
            
             did
             enter
             into
             a
             war
             with
             
               Spain
            
             the
             Dutch
             were
             to
             assist
             him
             ;
             and
             the
             King
             of
             
               France
            
             was
             to
             do
             the
             like
             :
             as
             long
             as
             the
             Dutch
             continued
             the
             war
             with
             the
             Spaniard
             ;
             also
             both
             parties
             coming
             to
             break
             ;
             they
             were
             not
             afterwards
             to
             make
             Peace
             with
             
               Spain
            
             directly
             or
             indirectly
             ,
             but
             conjoyntly
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             consent
             of
             both
             parties
             ,
             and
             that
             under
             the
             word
             Peace
             was
             comprehended
             also
             ,
             a
             Truce
             or
             suspension
             of
             Arms
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             third
             Article
             thereof
             doth
             at
             large
             appear
             .
          
        
         
           This
           was
           concluded
           on
           the
           thirtieth
           of
           
             June
             1630.
          
           between
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Beangy
             ,
          
           Ambassador
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
             :
          
           and
           the
           Commissioners
           of
           the
           Lords
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ;
           and
           ratified
           to
           continue
           for
           the
           space
           of
           seven
           years
           ;
           being
           occasioned
           by
           several
           offers
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
             ;
          
           both
           of
           men
           and
           money
           ;
           in
           case
           the
           Dutch
           should
           continue
           the
           War
           with
           
             Spain
             ;
          
           and
           not
           to
           make
           a
           Peace
           or
           Truce
           without
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
             :
          
           
           
             (
             viz.
             )
          
           1
        
         
           A
           million
           of
           Livers
           to
           the
           Dutch
           yearly
           ,
           whilst
           it
           continued
           as
           aforesaid
           .
           2
           That
           in
           case
           he
           came
           to
           break
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           he
           would
           enter
           the
           
             Low-Countries
             ,
          
           with
           a
           powerful
           Army
           ,
           which
           the
           Dutch
           should
           reinforce
           with
           10000.
           
           Foot
           ,
           and
           1500.
           
           Horse
           ;
        
         
           and
           
           should
           make
           on
           their
           side
           a
           powerful
           onset
           ,
           on
           the
           place
           agreed
           on
           ,
           with
           30000.
           
           Foot
           and
           4000.
           
           Horse
           .
           3.
           
           That
           if
           good
           Considerations
           move
           the
           States
           to
           continue
           the
           war
           ;
           that
           he
           would
           give
           them
           a
           greater
           sum
           of
           money
           then
           a
           million
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           the
           war
           should
           last
           .
        
         
           The
           Lords
           Commissioners
           of
           the
           States
           in
           answer
           ,
           proposed
           that
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           should
           break
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           and
           fall
           into
           the
           Country
           of
           
             Artois
          
           and
           
             Henault
          
           with
           40000
           men
           ;
           and
           that
           they
           would
           then
           fall
           upon
           him
           with
           all
           the
           power
           they
           could
           make
           .
        
         
           That
           till
           such
           time
           that
           as
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           did
           fall
           into
           open
           war
           into
           
             Artois
             ,
          
           &c.
           the
           Lords
           States
           should
           be
           free
           to
           make
           a
           Truce
           or
           Peace
           with
           
             Spain
             ;
          
           but
           after
           they
           are
           joyntly
           entred
           into
           a
           war
           ,
           neither
           shall
           make
           Peace
           or
           Truce
           without
           they
           other
           .
        
         
           That
           if
           the
           Lords
           States
           shall
           not
           think
           fit
           to
           yeeld
           to
           a
           Peace
           with
           
             Spain
             ;
          
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           shall
           give
           them
           two
           millions
           French
           money
           to
           be
           paid
           at
           
             London
          
           or
           
             Venice
             .
          
           
           But
           the
           States
           having
           a
           minde
           to
           continue
           war
           with
           
             Spain
             ;
          
           struck
           up
           immediately
           into
           an
           Alliance
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           .
           Notwitstanding
           which
           ,
           the
           States
           did
           endeavour
           to
           make
           a
           Peace
           or
           Truce
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           and
           the
           States
           of
           
             Flanders
             ,
          
           without
           the
           advice
           or
           consent
           of
           
             France
             ;
          
           as
           appears
           by
           several
           passages
           ,
           of
           the
           underhand
           dealing
           of
           the
           Dutch
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           in
           a
           Complaint
           made
           by
           the
           French
           Ambassador
           to
           the
           States
           :
        
         
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           this
           Treaty
           with
           the
           Spaniard
           took
           no
           effect
           ,
           because
           they
           could
           not
           get
           their
           ends
           of
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           and
           the
           State
           of
           
             Flanders
             ,
          
           though
           they
           had
           been
           contriving
           to
           make
           a
           Peace
           with
           
             Spain
          
           two
           years
           together
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           said
           Treaty
           was
           broken
           off
           ,
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           began
           presently
           to
           treat
           with
           Monsieur
           
             Charnasse
             ,
          
           Ambassador
           for
           
             France
             ,
          
           about
           a
           League
           Offensive
           and
           Defensive
           ;
           which
           though
           the
           Province
           of
           
             Holland
          
           liked
           not
           ,
           because
           being
           rid
           of
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           they
           expected
           the
           French
           as
           a
           more
           powerful
           Enemy
           ;
           and
           therefore
           protested
           against
           it
           ;
           yet
           that
           prevailed
           not
           ;
           but
           at
           the
           
             Hague
             ,
             April
             15.
             1634.
          
           an
           Offensive
           and
           Defensive
           League
           was
           concluded
           
           on
           ;
           wherein
           no
           Peace
           was
           to
           be
           made
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           entring
           upon
           war
           conjoyntly
           .
           And
           that
           the
           present
           Treaty
           shall
           no
           waies
           prejudice
           that
           which
           was
           made
           the
           17th
           .
           of
           
             June
             1630.
          
           but
           to
           remain
           in
           full
           force
           and
           power
           in
           all
           things
           .
           And
           this
           Treaty
           was
           made
           for
           the
           space
           of
           seven
           years
           ;
           to
           begin
           from
           the
           day
           agreed
           on
           ,
           as
           also
           the
           preceding
           Treaty
           of
           the
           year
           1630.
           shall
           continue
           for
           the
           time
           that
           is
           therein
           agreed
           on
           ;
           and
           that
           this
           Treaty
           shal
           be
           renewed
           at
           the
           end
           of
           seven
           years
           ,
           if
           both
           parties
           were
           willing
           to
           it
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           6
           ,
           7
           ,
           and
           10th
           .
           Article
           of
           the
           said
           Treaty
           doth
           appear
           :
           Signed
           and
           sealed
           by
           
             Charnasse
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Lords
           Commissioners
           of
           the
           States
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1635.
           
           
             February
             8.
             
          
           A
           League
           Offensive
           and
           Defensive
           was
           concluded
           and
           ratified
           by
           
             Lewis
          
           the
           13th
           ,
           and
           the
           States
           General
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ;
           where
           the
           ninth
           Article
           saith
           expresly
           :
           
             That
             in
             case
             after
             the
             signing
             ,
             sealing
             ,
             and
             ratifying
             of
             this
             Treaty
             for
             a
             breach
             with
          
           Spain
           ;
           
             either
             Party
             should
             come
             to
             make
             a
             Peace
             ,
             Truce
             ,
             or
             Suspension
             of
             Arms
             ,
             that
             then
             this
             shall
             not
             be
             done
             ,
             but
             by
             a
             conjoynt
             consent
             of
             the
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             the
             Lords
             States
             of
             the
             Vnited
             Provinces
             :
             likewise
             both
             Parties
             are
             obliged
             to
             break
             conjoyntly
             ,
             and
             to
             enter
             into
             a
             War
             against
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             and
             their
             Adherents
             ;
             as
             often
             as
             they
             happen
             to
             break
             or
             to
             violate
             any
             of
             the
             Conditions
             agreed
             on
             in
             the
             Treaty
             of
             Peace
             ,
             or
             Truce
             ,
             which
             shall
             be
             made
             ;
             without
             which
             neither
             Party
             can
             afterwards
             make
             any
             new
             Treaty
             of
             Peace
             or
             Truce
             ,
             then
             conjoyntly
             ,
             or
             by
             common
             consent
             ,
             conditionally
             that
             if
             it
             come
             to
             be
             violated
             ,
             his
             Majesty
             and
             the
             Lords
             Estates
             shall
             enter
             conjoyntly
             into
             open
             war
             ,
             against
             those
             that
             are
             the
             brekers
             thereof
             ;
          
           An
           in
           the
           14.
           
           Article
           it
           is
           agreed
           on
           both
           sides
           :
           
             That
             this
             present
             Treaty
             shall
             no
             waies
             derogate
             from
             any
             thing
             that
             was
             agreed
             on
             in
             the
             former
             Treaties
             of
             the
             15.
             
          
           April
           ,
           1634.
           
             ma●e
             at
             the
          
           Hague
           ,
           
             which
             shall
             remain
             in
             full
             power
             ,
             and
             entire
             to
             be
             executed
             in
             all
             points
             .
          
        
         
           Presently
           after
           this
           Treaty
           both
           Armies
           joyned
           hard
           by
           
             Maestricht
             ,
          
           and
           took
           
             Tienen
             ,
          
           and
           besieged
           
             Loven
             ;
          
           and
           the
           State
           lost
           
             Schenchen
             Schans
             ;
          
           to
           recover
           which
           both
           Armies
           came
           and
           incamped
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           retook
           afterwards
           by
           the
           Dutch
           .
        
         
         
           Notwithstanding
           all
           this
           ,
           presently
           after
           the
           ratifying
           of
           this
           solemn
           Treaty
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           war
           was
           already
           begun
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           and
           the
           French
           had
           entred
           into
           it
           partly
           for
           their
           sakes
           ;
           there
           were
           more
           Overtures
           made
           by
           the
           Spanish
           side
           concerning
           a
           Peace
           with
           the
           Dutch
           ;
           who
           presently
           began
           to
           enquire
           after
           them
           so
           far
           ;
           as
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           and
           the
           States
           General
           ,
           sent
           their
           Atturney
           General
           
             Musch
          
           to
           
             Craneberg
          
           to
           speak
           with
           Don
           
             Martín
             Axpe
             ,
          
           Secretary
           to
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spain
          
           about
           it
           ,
           and
           this
           without
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           who
           coming
           there
           found
           that
           this
           Secretary
           had
           no
           sufficient
           procuration
           from
           the
           King
           to
           Treat
           ;
           besides
           the
           Spaniards
           were
           too
           strange
           and
           exorbitant
           in
           their
           demands
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           no
           hope
           of
           gaining
           any
           thing
           ;
           whereupon
           
             Musch
          
           returns
           ,
           and
           makes
           report
           of
           it
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
             ,
          
           and
           the
           States
           General
           ;
           whereupon
           this
           Treaty
           was
           broken
           ,
           and
           the
           war
           carried
           on
           very
           fiercely
           ,
           but
           the
           Dutch
           would
           never
           confess
           any
           of
           this
           to
           the
           French
           Ambassador
           
             Charnasse
             ,
          
           when
           he
           told
           them
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           denied
           it
           ,
           saying
           ,
           
             there
             was
             no
             such
             thing
             ;
          
           and
           this
           was
           told
           the
           Lord
           
             Pauw
             ,
          
           who
           presently
           after
           went
           Ambassador
           into
           
             France
             ,
          
           by
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
             ;
          
           who
           likewise
           denied
           it
           ;
           there
           the
           King
           told
           him
           plainly
           ,
           
             That
             these
             secret
             proceedings
             did
             contradict
             their
             solemn
             Treaty
             ;
             and
             how
             much
             it
             did
             differ
             from
             the
             justice
             his
             Majesty
             had
             used
             towards
             them
             .
          
           The
           Dutch
           ,
           to
           excuse
           themselves
           ,
           said
           ,
           
             That
             they
             had
             communicated
             it
             to
             Charnasse
             ;
          
           but
           it
           was
           after
           they
           had
           notice
           given
           them
           ,
           that
           their
           design
           would
           not
           take
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Spaniard
           stood
           too
           much
           on
           Tipto
           .
        
         
           This
           League
           Offensive
           and
           Defensive
           concluded
           in
           the
           year
           1635.
           was
           renewed
           in
           the
           year
           1636.
           where
           in
           the
           tenth
           Article
           it
           is
           expresly
           set
           down
           that
           this
           present
           Treaty
           shall
           no
           waies
           derogate
           from
           the
           former
           Treaties
           made
           beween
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           and
           the
           said
           States
           ,
           dated
           at
           the
           
             Hagne
             September
             6.
             1636.
             
          
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1637
           ,
           there
           was
           another
           Treaty
           ,
           where
           the
           7th
           ,
           Article
           saith
           ,
           
             that
             it
             shall
             not
             derogate
             from
             the
             former
             Treaties
             but
             shall
             all
             remain
             in
             force
             and
             vigour
             ,
             to
             be
             Religiously
             observed
             ,
             and
             effected
             on
             both
             sides
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1639
           ,
           where
           in
           the
           7th
           Article
           it
           is
           expressed
           ,
           
           
             that
             it
             shall
             no
             ways
             derogate
             from
             the
             things
             concluded
             on
             in
             the
             former
             Treaties
             ;
             but
             shall
             remain
             in
             their
             full
             force
             and
             vigour
             to
             be
             religiously
             kept
             on
             both
             sides
             .
          
           Made
           at
           St
           
             Germains
             ,
             26
             April
             ,
             1639.
             
          
        
         
           Nevertheless
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           Treat
           again
           with
           the
           
             Spaniard
             ;
          
           whereupon
           in
           the
           year
           1640.
           
           
             Monsieur
             de
             la
             Thuillerie
          
           was
           sent
           Ambassador
           into
           
             Holland
          
           to
           let
           the
           States
           know
           ,
           that
           they
           could
           not
           conclude
           a
           Peace
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           but
           conjoyntly
           ;
           His
           Commission
           being
           to
           hinder
           a
           Peace
           or
           Truce
           without
           
             France
             :
          
           to
           tell
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           not
           capable
           to
           make
           a
           Peace
           or
           Truce
           without
           his
           consent
           :
           that
           it
           would
           be
           quite
           contrary
           to
           their
           Treaties
           ,
           Honour
           ,
           and
           Interest
           :
           and
           that
           if
           he
           perceived
           any
           such
           inclination
           in
           them
           ,
           to
           protest
           against
           them
           for
           breach
           of
           Leagues
           and
           Covenants
           .
        
         
           Whereupon
           in
           the
           year
           1641
           ,
           was
           made
           another
           Treaty
           :
           the
           6
           Article
           of
           which
           saith
           ,
           
             that
             it
             shall
             no
             ways
             derogate
             from
             any
             thing
             that
             hath
             been
             formerly
             agreed
             on
             :
             all
             which
             shall
             remain
             in
             their
             full
             force
             and
             vigour
             to
             de
             Religiously
             observed
             on
             both
             sides
             .
          
           Made
           at
           
             Paris
             ,
             Feb.
          
           14.
           1641.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1642.
           there
           was
           another
           Treaty
           made
           ,
           where
           in
           the
           6th
           Article
           you
           have
           the
           same
           as
           is
           mentioned
           before
           in
           the
           sixt
           Article
           ,
           1641.
           made
           at
           St
           
             Germains
             ,
             Jan.
             7.
             1642.
             
          
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1643
           there
           was
           another
           Treaty
           ,
           in
           the
           sixt
           Article
           of
           which
           is
           expresly
           set
           down
           as
           in
           the
           forementioned
           1642.
           made
           at
           
             Paris
             ,
             March
             3
             :
             1643.
             
          
        
         
           The
           King
           hapning
           to
           die
           in
           
             May
          
           following
           ,
           his
           son
           
             Lewis
             14th
          
           succeeding
           him
           ,
           this
           Treaty
           was
           reconfirmed
           by
           him
           ,
           
             August
             30.
             1643.
             
          
        
         
           In
           this
           year
           1643
           ,
           the
           Lords
           States
           of
           
             Holland
          
           began
           to
           consult
           of
           sending
           to
           
             Munster
             ,
          
           to
           treat
           of
           a
           Peace
           with
           
             Spain
          
           without
           the
           consent
           of
           
             France
             :
          
           at
           which
           the
           other
           States
           were
           offended
           ;
           and
           
             Monsieur
             de
             la
             Thuillerie
          
           was
           no
           ways
           backward
           to
           perswade
           them
           from
           making
           a
           Peace
           ,
           but
           
             pari
             passu
             ,
          
           according
           to
           the
           Treaties
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           whilst
           the
           Lords
           States
           were
           busie
           in
           sending
           
             Plenipotentiaries
          
           to
           
             Munster
             ,
          
           there
           was
           a
           Treaty
           made
           in
           the
           year
           1644.
           called
           
             Ligue
             Guarantie
             .
          
           In
           the
           third
           Article
           of
           which
           Treaty
           are
           expresly
           the
           words
           of
           the
           ninth
           Article
           of
           
           the
           Treaty
           made
           with
           
             Lewis
          
           thirteenth
           ,
           and
           the
           sixth
           Article
           saith
           ,
           
             that
             this
             Treaty
             shall
             no
             ways
             derogate
             from
             any
             thing
             that
             hath
             been
             concluded
             on
             ,
             in
             former
             Treaties
             ,
             which
             are
             to
             be
             vigorously
             and
             religiously
             observed
             by
             both
             parties
             .
          
           made
           at
           the
           
             Hague
             March
             1.
             1644.
          
           and
           the
           1
           ,
           2
           ,
           3
           ,
           4
           ,
           6
           ,
           7.
           
           Articles
           speak
           expresly
           ,
           
             that
             no
             Peace
             shall
             be
             made
             directly
             or
             indirectly
             ,
             without
             the
             consent
             of
             both
             ,
          
           in
           very
           full
           and
           Emphaticall
           expressions
           ,
           which
           I
           forbear
           to
           mention
           ,
           because
           of
           brevity
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1645.
           another
           Treaty
           was
           made
           for
           the
           
             carrying
             on
             of
             the
             War
             conjoyntly
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             make
             any
             peace
             without
             the
             consent
             of
             each
             other
             :
             abrogating
             nothing
             that
             concern'd
             former
             Treaties
             ;
             but
             all
             those
             things
             remaining
             in
             full
             force
             and
             vertue
             .
          
        
         
           The
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           understanding
           that
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           were
           resolved
           to
           make
           a
           Peace
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           in
           the
           year
           1646.
           offered
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           a
           greater
           summ
           of
           mony
           ,
           and
           more
           men
           then
           ever
           was
           agreed
           on
           formerly
           ;
           in
           case
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           would
           stick
           to
           their
           Treatie
           of
           
             Ligue
             guarantie
          
           in
           the
           year
           1644.
           and
           that
           neither
           party
           should
           make
           peace
           without
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           other
           :
           conformable
           to
           these
           Articles
           .
        
         
           
             1.
             
             That
             the
             King
             should
             assist
             during
             that
             year
             the
             States
             General
             with
             1200000
             livers
             ,
             
             for
             no
             other
             use
             then
             to
             maintain
             an
             extraordinary
             supply
             of
             Souldiers
             ,
             whereupon
             the
             States
             do
             promise
             faithfully
             and
             Religiously
             to
             assault
             their
             Enemies
             with
             all
             their
             force
             and
             power
             .
             2.
             
             That
             the
             King
             of
          
           France
           
             shall
             give
             assignations
             for
             the
             said
             money
             ,
             to
             be
             paid
             all
             of
             it
             before
             the
             end
             of
          
           October
           
             following
             .
             3.
             
             In
             consideration
             whereof
             the
             States
             do
             oblige
             themselves
             ,
             to
             raise
             a
             strong
             Army
             ,
             and
             to
             bring
             them
             in
             the
             field
             ;
             and
             to
             make
             some
             considerable
             enterprize
             :
             the
             King
             of
          
           France
           
             also
             promiseth
             the
             same
             in
             the
             Low
             Countreys
             ,
             to
             disadvantage
             his
             enemies
             as
             much
             as
             lyes
             in
             his
             power
             .
             5.
             
             This
             Treaty
             shall
             no
             ways
             derogate
             from
             the
             former
             Treaties
             ,
             which
             shall
             be
             faithfully
             and
             religiously
             observed
             and
             effected
             .
          
           Signed
           and
           Sealed
           at
           
             Paris
             ,
             April
          
           6.
           1646.
           
        
         
           In
           explanation
           of
           the
           third
           Article
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           was
           to
           bring
           an
           Army
           into
           the
           field
           of
           18
           or
           20000
           foot
           ,
           and
           4
           or
           5000
           horse
           ,
           by
           the
           fourth
           of
           
             May
          
           following
           .
           The
           States
           
           obliged
           to
           set
           to
           sea
           30
           men
           of
           war
           of
           2
           ,
           3
           ,
           4
           ,
           and
           500
           tuns
           to
           hinder
           the
           enemy
           from
           entring
           into
           
             Flanders
          
           by
           Sea
           ,
           and
           to
           invest
           such
           Towns
           by
           sea
           ,
           as
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           shall
           besiege
           by
           land
           ,
           hindring
           relief
           to
           such
           Towns
           ,
           either
           from
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spain
          
           or
           any
           other
           :
           also
           to
           keep
           their
           Armie
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           so
           long
           as
           the
           good
           of
           the
           common
           Cause
           shall
           require
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           season
           of
           the
           year
           will
           permit
           .
           According
           hereunto
           both
           armies
           drew
           into
           the
           field
           :
           but
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           held
           the
           
             French
          
           in
           suspence
           ,
           appearing
           well
           in
           the
           field
           with
           their
           armie
           ;
           but
           when
           they
           were
           desired
           to
           undertake
           some
           notable
           Enterprize
           ,
           they
           put
           the
           
             French
          
           off
           with
           delays
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           
             French
          
           King
           complains
           ,
           but
           to
           little
           purpose
           ;
           for
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           begin
           to
           treat
           with
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           without
           the
           consent
           or
           advise
           of
           the
           
             French
             ,
          
           which
           was
           chiefly
           set
           on
           by
           
             Holland
             .
          
        
         
           Then
           comes
           the
           Marquiss
           
             de
             Castel
             Rodrigo
          
           from
           
             Brussels
          
           to
           the
           States
           with
           a
           full
           power
           to
           treat
           ,
           the
           same
           was
           confirmed
           from
           
             Munster
             :
          
           the
           Earl
           
             Penneranda
          
           sends
           word
           of
           it
           by
           his
           Secretary
           to
           the
           States
           Ambassadors
           at
           
             Munster
             ,
          
           and
           
             Monsieur
             Le
             Brun
             ,
          
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spains
          
           Ambassador
           came
           personally
           to
           the
           
             Hagte
             ,
          
           and
           shewed
           the
           Originall
           Copie
           of
           the
           said
           power
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           dated
           
             June
             7.
             
          
        
         
           This
           stir'd
           up
           many
           to
           conclude
           the
           Peace
           suddenly
           .
        
         
           The
           
             French
          
           Ambassador
           made
           several
           complaints
           hereof
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           also
           that
           the
           Catholick
           Religion
           was
           not
           permitted
           at
           
             Hulst
             ,
          
           according
           to
           the
           Treaty
           in
           the
           year
           1635.
           desired
           their
           resolution
           in
           writing
           for
           the
           tolleration
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Religion
           in
           those
           Towns
           that
           should
           be
           taken
           that
           Summer
           .
        
         
           Then
           
             Monsieur
             le
             Thuillerie
          
           went
           to
           
             Breda
          
           to
           consult
           about
           marching
           of
           the
           armies
           ,
           which
           was
           carried
           on
           but
           coldly
           ,
           though
           there
           seemed
           great
           advantage
           to
           offer
           it self
           ,
           and
           all
           likelyhood
           to
           carry
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           which
           
             France
          
           urged
           very
           much
           .
           The
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           replyed
           ,
           That
           they
           had
           not
           men
           enough
           ;
           secondly
           ,
           he
           knew
           not
           ,
           in
           case
           the
           Town
           should
           be
           taken
           ,
           how
           to
           satisfie
           
             France
          
           in
           point
           of
           Religion
           ;
           
             France
          
           willing
           to
           give
           them
           any
           content
           ,
           thereby
           to
           take
           them
           off
           from
           making
           Peace
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           freely
           offered
           them
           a
           supernumerarie
           of
           3000
           horse
           ,
           provided
           that
           upon
           reducement
           of
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           the
           Catholique
           
           Religion
           might
           there
           be
           tolerated
           .
           Signed
           
             D'
             Estrades
          
           at
           
             Breda
             ,
             June
             22.
             
          
        
         
           The
           Lords
           Commissioners
           accepted
           with
           all
           humble
           acknowledgement
           the
           tender
           of
           3000
           Horse
           ,
           but
           withal
           desired
           the
           loan
           of
           3000
           Foot
           ,
           
             June
             29
          
           following
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           
             Orleans
          
           by
           Captain
           
             Remond
          
           sent
           this
           answer
           ,
           wherein
           he
           granted
           their
           desire
           both
           of
           3000
           Horse
           and
           3000
           Foot
           ,
           provided
           that
           the
           Catholick
           Religion
           be
           allowed
           as
           aforesaid
           .
           Made
           at
           
             Breda
             ,
             July
             4.
             1646.
             
          
           Signed
           
             Remond
             .
          
        
         
           Whereupon
           the
           Lords
           Commissioners
           promised
           to
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           and
           Queen
           Regent
           ,
           that
           the
           Town
           of
           
             Antwerp
          
           falling
           into
           their
           hands
           ,
           they
           would
           leave
           there
           the
           exercise
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Religion
           free
           and
           publick
           .
           Made
           at
           
             Breda
             ,
          
           the
           11
           
             July
             ,
          
           1646.
           and
           signed
           by
           the
           Commissioners
           ,
           and
           in
           explication
           of
           the
           said
           agreement
           ,
           the
           Churches
           left
           for
           that
           purpose
           shall
           be
           four
           .
        
         
           But
           that
           it
           may
           appear
           ,
           not
           onely
           how
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           did
           one
           while
           Treat
           with
           the
           
             French
             ,
          
           and
           make
           a
           shew
           of
           Friendship
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           would
           not
           break
           their
           Leagues
           with
           the
           
             French
             ,
          
           yet
           did
           deal
           under-hand
           with
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           for
           the
           conclusion
           of
           a
           Peace
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           shewed
           already
           .
           I
           shall
           now
           shew
           you
           how
           unhandsomely
           they
           served
           the
           
             French
             ,
          
           after
           the
           grant
           of
           these
           supplies
           ,
           and
           how
           they
           might
           have
           taken
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           if
           they
           had
           pleased
           .
           Upon
           the
           ratification
           of
           the
           former
           things
           ,
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           advanceth
           towards
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           and
           he
           was
           with
           his
           Army
           the
           26
           of
           
             July
          
           at
           
             Stechen
             ;
          
           then
           at
           
             Loqueren
             ,
          
           the
           
             French
          
           Supplies
           came
           according
           to
           Promise
           .
           
             Teemche
          
           Castle
           lying
           by
           the
           
             Schelde
             ,
          
           beyond
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           was
           taken
           in
           ;
           the
           people
           of
           
             Antwerp
          
           did
           as
           good
           as
           offer
           up
           the
           Town
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           The
           
             French
          
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           had
           taken
           
             Dunkerk
             ,
             Antwerp
          
           would
           have
           followed
           with
           ease
           ;
           But
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
          
           left
           
             Teemche
          
           Castle
           assoon
           as
           he
           had
           taken
           it
           ,
           though
           that
           was
           the
           time
           to
           have
           taken
           
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           and
           never
           besieged
           or
           assaulted
           the
           said
           Town
           ;
           but
           the
           design
           thereof
           soon
           vanisht
           ,
           and
           the
           6000
           Auxiliaries
           not
           made
           use
           of
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           discontent
           and
           dammage
           of
           the
           
             French
             ;
          
           who
           by
           sparing
           such
           a
           number
           ,
           were
           disinabled
           to
           
           undertake
           any
           considerable
           thing
           that
           Summer
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           ruine
           of
           the
           poor
           Protestants
           there
           ,
           as
           I
           said
           before
           ;
           and
           the
           Treaty
           of
           
             Munster
          
           with
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           went
           on
           ,
           without
           the
           notice
           or
           consent
           of
           the
           
             French
             .
          
           And
           the
           
             French
          
           Ambassador
           told
           the
           States
           ,
           that
           some
           of
           the
           State-Plenipotentiaries
           at
           
             Munster
             ,
          
           had
           been
           with
           the
           
             Spanish
          
           Plenipotentiaries
           ,
           and
           assured
           them
           ,
           that
           although
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           States
           General
           should
           march
           into
           the
           field
           ,
           yet
           they
           should
           only
           lie
           still
           ,
           and
           effect
           nothing
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           the
           
             Spaniards
             .
          
           Also
           the
           
             French
          
           Ambassadors
           shewed
           the
           States
           several
           Letters
           which
           they
           had
           received
           from
           
             France
             ,
          
           making
           mention
           of
           some
           Letters
           intercepted
           of
           
             Pennerandas
             ,
          
           wherein
           ●ee
           writes
           ,
           
             That
             the
             Peace
             was
             agreed
             on
             ,
             without
             having
             any
             regard
             to
             the
          
           French
           
             Interest
             ,
             which
             was
             not
             so
             much
             as
             named
             by
             the
          
           Dutch
           ;
           
             and
             though
             the
             other
             Provinces
             should
             hee
             against
             it
             ,
             yet
             because
          
           Holland
           
             was
             for
             it
             ,
             they
             would
             soon
             bring
             the
             other
             Provinces
             to
             a
             compliance
             ,
             as
             it
             did
             appear
             afterwards
             .
          
        
         
           But
           to
           proceed
           ,
           the
           War
           being
           carried
           on
           against
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           conjointly
           from
           the
           year
           1635.
           to
           the
           year
           1647.
           
           It
           brought
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spain
          
           very
           low
           :
           Who
           thereupon
           sent
           his
           Ambassadors
           ;
           The
           Lords
           
             Conde
             ,
             De
             Penneranda
             ,
          
           and
           
             A
             Brun
             ,
          
           to
           sollicit
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           to
           a
           Treaty
           of
           peace
           ;
           who
           notwithstanding
           all
           the
           forementioned
           Leagues
           and
           Treaties
           to
           be
           faithfully
           and
           religiously
           kept
           ,
           that
           no
           Peace
           or
           Truce
           should
           be
           made
           with
           
             Spain
          
           without
           the
           consent
           of
           both
           parties
           ,
           having
           entred
           into
           a
           
             Ligue
             Guarrantie
          
           several
           times
           for
           that
           purpose
           ;
           the
           
             French
          
           being
           thereby
           deeply
           engaged
           against
           the
           
             Spaniard
             ;
          
           and
           having
           begun
           these
           Allyances
           and
           War
           upon
           the
           desire
           of
           the
           
             Dutch
             ;
          
           yet
           they
           entred
           upon
           a
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           without
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           
             French
             ;
          
           and
           notwithstanding
           the
           several
           speeches
           of
           the
           
             French
          
           Ambassadors
           ;
           the
           Letters
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           the
           Ambassadors
           Protest
           ;
           the
           30
           
             Januar
             ,
          
           1648.
           
           A
           Peace
           was
           signed
           ,
           sealed
           ,
           and
           ratified
           at
           
             Munster
             ▪
          
           between
           
             Philip
             4.
          
           of
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           and
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           only
           give
           you
           a
           touch
           of
           the
           proceeds
           of
           the
           
             French
          
           Ambassadors
           ,
           with
           the
           States
           during
           this
           Treaty
           ,
           and
           the
           
           States
           to
           him
           :
           and
           so
           conclude
           this
           long
           ,
           yet
           necessary
           and
           pertinent
           story
           .
        
         
           The
           States
           General
           having
           taken
           their
           final
           resolution
           for
           a
           Treaty
           of
           peace
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
             Monsieur
             de
             Thuillerie
          
           theFrench
           Ambassador
           Extraordinary
           ,
           the
           
             15
             November
             1647
             .
          
           presented
           a
           paper
           to
           the
           said
           States
           ,
           wherein
           hee
           told
           them
           ,
        
         
           
             
               
                 
                   That
                   he
                   understood
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   upon
                   the
                   point
                   to
                   send
                   their
                   Plenipotentiaries
                   to
                   
                     Munster
                     ,
                  
                   to
                   conclude
                   their
                   Negotiation
                   with
                   
                     Spain
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   that
                   nothing
                   was
                   wanting
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   but
                   signing
                   ;
                   that
                   he
                   thought
                   it
                   convenient
                   to
                   minde
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   hee
                   had
                   spoken
                   with
                   them
                   concerning
                   the
                   reciprocal
                   obligations
                   that
                   were
                   between
                   
                     France
                  
                   and
                   them
                   ;
                   which
                   invited
                   them
                   to
                   stand
                   firm
                   to
                   what
                   hath
                   been
                   formerly
                   agreed
                   upon
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   he
                   had
                   received
                   no
                   answer
                   :
                   it
                   being
                   requisite
                   that
                   hee
                   should
                   have
                   one
                   to
                   give
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   and
                   Queen
                   Regent
                   ;
                   that
                   they
                   might
                   give
                   their
                   Plenipotentiaries
                   advice
                   at
                   
                     Munster
                     ,
                  
                   what
                   they
                   may
                   expect
                   ,
                   especially
                   ,
                   since
                   that
                   ,
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Spaniard
                  
                   flattered
                   himself
                   of
                   the
                   hope
                   he
                   had
                   to
                   separate
                   that
                   State
                   from
                   the
                   Crown
                   of
                   
                     France
                     .
                  
                   Therefore
                   he
                   desired
                   them
                   earnestly
                   ,
                   to
                   consider
                   what
                   had
                   been
                   formerly
                   agreed
                   on
                   ,
                   between
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   had
                   good
                   hope
                   of
                   their
                   great
                   wisdome
                   and
                   wonted
                   loyalty
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   send
                   their
                   Plenipotentiaries
                   to
                   
                     Munster
                     ,
                  
                   otherwise
                   then
                   with
                   Orders
                   conformable
                   to
                   those
                   obligations
                   aforesaid
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Ancient
                   friendship
                   they
                   had
                   alwayes
                   with
                   
                     France
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Hague
                     
                       15
                       Novemb.
                       1647.
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Signed
                       ,
                    
                     De
                     la
                     Thuillerie
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           The
           States
           resolution
           being
           once
           for
           all
           confirmed
           ,
           they
           answered
           this
           Paper
           with
           silence
           .
           The
           
             Heer
             Van
             Nederhorst
             ,
          
           was
           the
           only
           man
           of
           the
           Plenipotentiaries
           that
           scrupled
           the
           signing
           of
           the
           said
           Treaty
           ;
           and
           his
           reason
           was
           ,
           because
           their
           League
           and
           Covenants
           with
           the
           
             French
          
           King
           ,
           were
           not
           yet
           abrogated
           ,
           and
           that
           Oath
           of
           Agreement
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           were
           tyed
           to
           him
           ,
           not
           yet
           taken
           away
           ;
           who
           being
           one
           of
           the
           Plenipotentiaries
           ,
           feigning
           himself
           not
           well
           ,
           desired
           leave
           of
           the
           States
           for
           his
           healths
           sake
           to
           come
           home
           ;
           but
           the
           true
           cause
           why
           he
           desired
           to
           come
           away
           ,
           was
           to
           avoid
           signing
           ,
           it
           being
           against
           his
           Conscience
           for
           the
           reasons
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
         
           The
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           understanding
           that
           the
           Treaty
           between
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           and
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           was
           agreed
           on
           and
           signed
           ,
           sent
           a
           Letter
           to
           the
           States
           dated
           14
           
             Februar
             .
          
           1648.
           wherein
           hee
           tells
           them
           ,
        
         
           
             
               That
               he
               had
               heard
               with
               the
               greatest
               admiration
               what
               had
               past
               at
               
                 Munster
              
               the
               30
               
                 Januar.
              
               where
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               their
               Ministers
               and
               Deputies
               had
               signed
               a
               particular
               Treaty
               with
               the
               Ministers
               of
               
                 Spain
                 ,
              
               that
               he
               could
               not
               imagine
               ,
               that
               their
               Ministers
               had
               acted
               therein
               according
               to
               their
               Intentions
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               doubted
               not
               ,
               but
               that
               assoon
               as
               they
               should
               be
               informed
               thereof
               ,
               they
               would
               give
               those
               necessary
               Orders
               ,
               whereby
               they
               will
               remedy
               all
               what
               hath
               been
               done
               to
               the
               prejudice
               of
               so
               many
               solemn
               Treaties
               agreed
               on
               at
               several
               times
               ,
               between
               that
               Crown
               and
               them
               ,
               which
               did
               hold
               forth
               expresly
               ,
               that
               the
               Negotiation
               of
               Peace
               shall
               continually
               march
               hand
               in
               hand
               ;
               and
               that
               no
               Peace
               shall
               be
               agreed
               upon
               ,
               but
               by
               joint
               consent
               of
               both
               parties
               :
               that
               for
               the
               farther
               manifesting
               thereof
               ,
               he
               had
               sent
               many
               particulars
               to
               his
               Ambassador
               Extraordinary
               ,
               to
               communicate
               to
               them
               on
               his
               behalf
               ,
               at
               that
               conjuacture
               of
               businesse
               of
               so
               great
               consequence
               ,
               to
               whom
               hee
               conjur'd
               them
               to
               give
               full
               credit
               .
            
             
               
                 Signed
                 
                   Lewis
                   ,
                
                 and
                 then
                 
                   De
                   Lomeine
                   .
                
              
               
                 Paris
                 
                   14.
                   
                   Februar
                   :
                   1648.
                   
                
              
            
          
        
         
           The
           
             3
             :
             March
          
           afterward
           ,
           Monsieur
           
             La
             Thuillerie
          
           had
           audience
           given
           him
           in
           the
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           where
           he
           made
           great
           complaints
           against
           their
           irregular
           proceedings
           in
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           against
           their
           own
           solemn
           Treaties
           with
           
             France
             ,
          
        
         
           
             
               
                 
                   That
                   the
                   King
                   his
                   Master
                   did
                   think
                   himself
                   highly
                   injured
                   by
                   their
                   breaking
                   of
                   their
                   Vowes
                   and
                   Covenants
                   which
                   they
                   had
                   mutually
                   promised
                   
                     (
                     viz.
                     )
                  
                   That
                   they
                   would
                   never
                   lay
                   down
                   their
                   arms
                   ,
                   till
                   they
                   had
                   wholly
                   beaten
                   the
                   
                     Spaniard
                  
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Low-Countries
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   not
                   then
                   neither
                   ,
                   but
                   with
                   the
                   consent
                   of
                   both
                   parties
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   King
                   his
                   Master
                   could
                   not
                   choose
                   but
                   protest
                   against
                   their
                   unworthy
                   dealing
                   ,
                   in
                   forsaking
                   them
                   now
                   ,
                   on
                   whom
                   the
                   
                     French
                  
                   had
                   built
                   their
                   strongest
                   hopes
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   whom
                   they
                   did
                   expect
                   in
                   the
                   like
                   conjuncture
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   now
                   were
                   ,
                   the
                   reciprocal
                   assistance
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   
                     French
                  
                   had
                   given
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Dutch
                     ,
                  
                   in
                   their
                   affairs
                   ,
                   both
                   of
                   
                   Money
                   and
                   Men
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   had
                   spent
                   to
                   curb
                   the
                   ambition
                   of
                   
                     Spain
                     ,
                  
                   with
                   whom
                   the
                   
                     French
                  
                   were
                   good
                   friends
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   their
                   sollicitations
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     French
                  
                   had
                   entred
                   into
                   that
                   chargeable
                   War
                   ,
                   whereby
                   the
                   burthen
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Dutch
                     ,
                  
                   hath
                   been
                   lighter
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   the
                   
                     Dutch's
                     ,
                  
                   they
                   had
                   made
                   their
                   Enemies
                   .
                   That
                   they
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   ignorant
                   ,
                   in
                   what
                   state
                   and
                   condition
                   the
                   
                     French
                  
                   were
                   in
                   the
                   year
                   1634.
                   how
                   generously
                   they
                   declared
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   
                     Spaniard
                     ,
                  
                   in
                   the
                   year
                   1635
                   ,
                   In
                   which
                   year
                   was
                   made
                   that
                   solemn
                   Treaty
                   never
                   to
                   make
                   any
                   Peace
                   with
                   
                     Spain
                     ,
                  
                   but
                   with
                   the
                   mutual
                   consents
                   of
                   both
                   parties
                   :
                   he
                   called
                   the
                   world
                   to
                   judge
                   ,
                   how
                   careful
                   
                     France
                  
                   had
                   been
                   to
                   observe
                   those
                   Treaties
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Plenipotentiaries
                   of
                   
                     France
                     ,
                  
                   were
                   such
                   Religious
                   Observers
                   of
                   their
                   promises
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   staid
                   twenty
                   one
                   moneths
                   at
                   
                     Munster
                     ,
                  
                   expecting
                   the
                   coming
                   of
                   the
                   States
                   Ambassadors
                   ,
                   before
                   they
                   would
                   receive
                   any
                   one
                   proposition
                   from
                   any
                   Publique
                   Minister
                   whatsoever
                   ;
                   and
                   withall
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   lawful
                   for
                   him
                   to
                   tell
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   one
                   Action
                   of
                   theirs
                   ,
                   did
                   very
                   much
                   eclipse
                   the
                   candor
                   ,
                   which
                   that
                   Commonwealth
                   did
                   profess
                   :
                   That
                   the
                   King
                   his
                   Master
                   could
                   not
                   believe
                   ,
                   that
                   what
                   was
                   done
                   ,
                   was
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   Orders
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   so
                   many
                   honest
                   and
                   Noble
                   persons
                   ,
                   that
                   did
                   compose
                   that
                   body
                   of
                   State
                   ,
                   would
                   break
                   their
                   solemn
                   Leagues
                   and
                   Covenants
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   had
                   formerly
                   made
                   with
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   
                     France
                     :
                  
                   therefore
                   the
                   King
                   his
                   Master
                   did
                   hope
                   that
                   they
                   would
                   not
                   break
                   so
                   just
                   and
                   necessary
                   a
                   League
                   .
                   I
                   dare
                   not
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     (
                     said
                     he
                     )
                  
                   if
                   you
                   deal
                   thus
                   by
                   us
                   ,
                   what
                   other
                   Princes
                   will
                   think
                   of
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   have
                   to
                   deal
                   with
                   you
                   .
                   Your
                   Ratifications
                   are
                   not
                   yet
                   exchanged
                   ,
                   and
                   you
                   may
                   refuse
                   to
                   deliver
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   Plenipotentiaries
                   of
                   
                     Spain
                     ;
                  
                   you
                   are
                   our
                   Allies
                   ,
                   therefore
                   more
                   obliged
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   then
                   by
                   words
                   ;
                   wherefore
                   I
                   doe
                   maintain
                   
                     (
                     said
                     he
                     )
                  
                   that
                   you
                   can
                   goe
                   no
                   farther
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   you
                   and
                   we
                   have
                   our
                   hands
                   tyed
                   ,
                   If
                   so
                   bee
                   wee
                   doe
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   concerneth
                   a
                   peace
                   with
                   
                     Spain
                     ,
                  
                   if
                   we
                   doe
                   it
                   not
                   with
                   the
                   consent
                   of
                   both
                   parties
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     
                       Made
                       at
                       the
                    
                     Hague
                     ,
                     
                       3
                       
                         March
                         ,
                      
                       1648.
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Signed
                       ,
                    
                     De
                     La
                     Thuillerie
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Thuillerie
             ,
          
           receiving
           no
           answer
           to
           this
           ,
           upon
           the
           17
           of
           
             March
          
           following
           ,
           demanded
           Audience
           ,
           where
           hee
           
           made
           another
           Proposition
           much
           like
           the
           former
           ,
           being
           resolved
           not
           to
           give
           over
           propounding
           ,
           till
           he
           had
           gotten
           an
           answer
           :
           Who
           at
           length
           gave
           him
           this
           for
           answer
           .
        
         
           
             That
             they
             were
             heartily
             sorry
             ,
             
             there
             could
             not
             bee
             the
             like
             Treaty
             of
             peace
             concluded
             on
             between
             the
             two
             Crowns
             of
          
           Spainand
           France
           ,
           
             as
             they
             had
             made
             with
          
           Spain
           .
           
             That
             they
             had
             commanded
             their
             Plenipotentiaries
             to
             use
             their
             utmost
             endeavours
             to
             bring
             those
             two
             Crowns
             to
             a
             good
             agreement
             ,
             but
             all
             what
             they
             had
             done
             ,
             was
             labour
             lost
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             grief
             of
             the
             States
             .
          
        
         
           
             That
             it
             was
             in
             vain
             to
             insist
             any
             longer
             on
             this
             point
             at
          
           Munster
           ,
           
             both
             parties
             being
             so
             unwilling
             to
             be
             reconciled
             .
          
           And
           this
           was
           the
           Judgement
           of
           the
           Lords
           Mediators
           and
           others
           ,
           that
           have
           knowledge
           thereof
           :
           Or
           else
           the
           States
           Generall
           would
           not
           have
           sent
           for
           their
           Ministers
           home
           .
           
             That
             notwithstanding
             they
             were
             resolved
             to
             use
             all
             possible
             means
             ,
             to
             bring
             those
             two
             Crowns
             of
          
           Spain
           
             and
          
           France
           
             to
             an
             agreement
             ;
             and
             that
             there
             be
             a
             fair
             correspondence
             kept
             between
             the
             Crown
             ofFrance
          
           ,
           
             and
             the
             States
             of
             the
             Vnited
             Provinces
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             would
             send
             to
             their
             Plenipotentiaries
             to
             farther
             with
             all
             faithfulness
             an
             accommodation
             between
          
           Spain
           
             and
          
           France
           .
        
         
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Thuillerie
             ,
          
           perceiving
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           to
           be
           resolved
           to
           conclude
           the
           peace
           at
           
             Munster
             ,
          
           sent
           in
           this
           Proposition
           to
           the
           Assembly
           ,
           to
           let
           them
           understand
           how
           highly
           discontented
           the
           King
           his
           Master
           was
           ,
           with
           their
           proceedings
           in
           making
           a
           peace
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           without
           his
           consent
           ,
           (
           quoting
           their
           Leagues
           )
           and
           that
           if
           they
           proceeded
           on
           in
           that
           Treaty
           ,
           as
           they
           had
           begun
           ,
           his
           Master
           would
           be
           inforced
           to
           let
           the
           world
           know
           how
           unhandsomely
           the
           Lords
           States
           have
           dealt
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           was
           obliged
           to
           take
           notice
           how
           they
           had
           dealt
           with
           the
           
             Spaniard
          
           to
           his
           prejudice
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           Treaty
           1635.
           renewed
           1644.
           where
           they
           were
           to
           proceed
           
             pari
             passu
             ,
          
           both
           in
           war
           and
           peace
           .
           That
           if
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           had
           a
           mind
           to
           conclude
           a
           peace
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           communicate
           to
           the
           
             French
          
           Plenipotentiaries
           at
           
             Munster
             ,
          
           how
           farre
           they
           had
           proceeded
           in
           their
           Treaty
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           (
           which
           they
           had
           not
           performed
           all
           the
           while
           they
           had
           been
           at
           
             Munster
          
           according
           to
           agreement
           )
           for
           the
           Treaty
           doth
           say
           expresly
           in
           
           one
           of
           the
           Articles
           ,
        
         
           
             That
             they
             shall
             communicate
             their
             proceedings
             conjointly
             ,
             if
             they
             enter
             into
             a
             Treaty
             of
             peace
             at
             any
             time
             with
             
               Spain
               ;
            
             which
             must
             be
             also
             with
             the
             consent
             of
             
               France
               :
            
             Therefore
             he
             humbly
             desired
             them
             to
             write
             to
             their
             Plenipotentiaries
             to
             communicate
             their
             proceedings
             in
             writing
             to
             the
             French
             Plenipotentiaries
             ,
             as
             their
             loving
             friends
             and
             allies
             :
             and
             also
             that
             his
             Master
             did
             desire
             them
             to
             desist
             from
             Treating
             according
             to
             former
             agreement
             aforementioned
             ,
             till
             both
             parties
             agree
             to
             carry
             on
             the
             Treaty
             again
             conjointly
             ,
             which
             the
             Lords
             Ambassadors
             of
             
               France
            
             had
             done
             being
             sent
             to
             by
             the
             
               Spaniard
            
             to
             Treat
             ,
             which
             they
             refused
             to
             doe
             ,
             because
             the
             
               Dutch
            
             had
             minded
             them
             of
             the
             agreement
             ;
             therefore
             his
             Master
             desired
             them
             to
             do
             the
             like
             by
             him
             .
          
           
             All
             this
             (
             said
             he
             )
             was
             laid
             open
             to
             the
             Plenipotentiaries
             of
             this
             State
             at
             
               Munster
               ,
            
             by
             the
             French
             Plenipotentiaries
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             said
             Plenipotentiares
             came
             confidently
             the
             next
             day
             to
             the
             Plenipotentiaries
             of
             my
             Master
             ,
             and
             told
             them
             that
             they
             would
             proceed
             very
             speedily
             to
             the
             conclusion
             of
             their
             Treaty
             with
             the
             
               Spaniard
               ;
            
             whereupon
             the
             French
             Plenipotentiaries
             could
             do
             no
             less
             then
             protest
             against
             their
             proceedings
             ,
             who
             have
             formally
             declared
             at
             
               Munster
               ,
            
             that
             the
             
               Dutch
            
             have
             broken
             the
             Treaties
             made
             between
             them
             and
             
               France
               .
            
             And
             that
             they
             have
             protested
             against
             the
             Authors
             of
             such
             an
             Act
             ,
             so
             contrary
             to
             all
             Publick
             Faith
             ,
             and
             all
             manner
             of
             Reason
             and
             Decency
             :
             And
             what
             ill
             consequences
             should
             follow
             that
             business
             ,
             are
             to
             be
             imputed
             to
             the
             Contrivers
             and
             Abettors
             of
             that
             unworthy
             action
             ,
             of
             concluding
             a
             peace
             without
             the
             consent
             of
             both
             parties
             according
             to
             the
             Articles
             of
             agreement
             ;
             and
             this
             the
             Plenipotentiaries
             of
             
               France
            
             have
             been
             fain
             to
             do
             ,
             to
             prevent
             a
             Rupture
             in
             the
             Union
             ,
             between
             
               France
            
             and
             the
             States
             of
             the
             United
             Provinces
             ;
             and
             to
             clear
             their
             Consciences
             and
             Duties
             towards
             his
             Majesties
             of
             
               France
               ,
            
             who
             could
             never
             perswade
             themselves
             (
             if
             the
             present
             Opposition
             and
             Protestation
             had
             not
             been
             made
             ,
             )
             that
             in
             a
             business
             ,
             in
             which
             there
             is
             only
             treated
             to
             keep
             to
             an
             Enemy
             some
             secret
             promises
             ,
             or
             to
             accomplish
             several
             Treaties
             so
             solemnly
             made
             with
             an
             ancient
             friend
             ,
             the
             
             
               Spaniards
            
             should
             have
             had
             more
             power
             over
             the
             Plenipotentiaries
             of
             the
             said
             Lords
             States
             of
             the
             United
             Provinces
             to
             ingage
             them
             to
             a
             breach
             ,
             then
             those
             of
             
               France
            
             have
             had
             to
             perswade
             them
             to
             observe
             the
             agreements
             and
             treaties
             made
             between
             
               France
            
             and
             the
             Low
             Countries
             .
          
        
         
           But
           this
           Proposition
           having
           taken
           no
           effect
           ,
           the
           next
           day
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Thuillerie
             ,
          
           put
           in
           another
           Paper
           into
           the
           assembly
           ,
        
         
           That
           they
           would
           be
           pleased
           to
           send
           thus
           much
           to
           their
           Plenipotentiaries
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           not
           sign
           their
           Treaty
           of
           peace
           with
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           till
           
             France
          
           had
           likewise
           made
           an
           end
           of
           their
           Treaty
           of
           peace
           with
           
             Spain
             .
          
           This
           the
           assembly
           would
           not
           do
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           their
           affairs
           .
        
         
           Thus
           all
           along
           till
           the
           treaty
           at
           
             Munster
          
           was
           concluded
           and
           ratified
           ,
           the
           French
           Ambassadors
           at
           the
           
             Hague
             ,
          
           and
           the
           French
           Plenipotentiaries
           at
           
             Munster
             ,
          
           never
           gave
           over
           propounding
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           what
           wrongs
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           had
           done
           ,
           and
           the
           Crown
           of
           
             France
          
           had
           sustained
           by
           their
           breach
           of
           Contracts
           ,
           solemn
           Leagues
           and
           Treaties
           ;
           but
           none
           of
           them
           prevailed
           ,
           though
           
             France
          
           at
           their
           desire
           had
           begun
           and
           prosecuted
           the
           Warre
           against
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           whereby
           
             Spain
          
           was
           brought
           low
           ;
           which
           contrary
           to
           their
           many
           solemn
           Contracts
           ,
           to
           Ingenuity
           and
           Gratitude
           ,
           was
           taken
           up
           by
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           made
           use
           of
           to
           serve
           their
           advantage
           ,
           leaving
           
             France
          
           alone
           to
           contend
           with
           
             Spain
          
           to
           this
           day
           ;
           refusing
           to
           lend
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
          
           supplies
           of
           money
           ,
           whereof
           he
           had
           occasion
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           treaty
           of
           
             Campeigne
             ,
             1624.
          
           when
           the
           French
           King
           supplyed
           them
           ;
           and
           having
           tyed
           up
           their
           hands
           from
           assisting
           the
           French
           against
           the
           Spaniard
           by
           their
           League
           
             de
             non
             offendendo
             .
          
           The
           Plenipotentaries
           of
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           that
           transacted
           this
           affair
           ,
           were
           
             Bartolt
             ,
             Van
             Gent.
             John
          
           of
           
             Matenesse
             .
             Adrian
             Pauw
             .
             I.
             Knuyt
             .
             G.
             Van
             Reed
             .
             J.
             V.
             Donia
             .
             William
             Ripperda
             .
             Adr.
             Claut
             .
          
           Notwithstanding
           these
           proceedings
           with
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spains
          
           Ambassador
           
             Le
             Brun
             ,
          
           complains
           that
           the
           States
           have
           broken
           17
           Articles
           of
           the
           late
           treaty
           at
           
             Munster
             .
          
        
         
           I
           have
           been
           the
           larger
           in
           this
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           so
           full
           necessary
           ,
           
           and
           pregnant
           an
           Instance
           ,
           whereby
           at
           once
           the
           States
           inside
           is
           turned
           outside
           exactly
           ;
           and
           a
           rare
           President
           and
           Caution
           given
           to
           this
           Nation
           and
           all
           Princes
           ,
           to
           discern
           these
           serpents
           under
           all
           their
           green
           and
           smooth
           expressions
           of
           friendship
           ;
           and
           their
           most
           solemn
           stipulations
           for
           that
           purpose
           ;
           of
           which
           in
           my
           judgment
           I
           could
           omit
           nothing
           :
           I
           shall
           therefore
           be
           more
           brief
           in
           the
           following
           Instances
           ,
           and
           forbear
           the
           quoting
           as
           many
           as
           I
           intended
           ,
           least
           by
           too
           much
           prolixity
           I
           might
           offend
           .
        
         
           The
           next
           that
           I
           shall
           produce
           ,
           is
           
             Portugal
             ,
          
           who
           whilst
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           were
           understood
           and
           Prosecuted
           as
           Enemies
           by
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           because
           one
           with
           
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           But
           in
           the
           year
           1640.
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           
             Portugal
             ,
          
           making
           themselves
           free
           and
           distinct
           from
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           all
           good
           Patriots
           in
           the
           united
           Provinces
           did
           look
           upon
           it
           ,
           as
           a
           business
           of
           great
           good
           and
           welfare
           ,
           and
           an
           order
           was
           made
           for
           a
           cessation
           of
           Arms
           at
           Sea
           against
           the
           
             Portugal
             .
          
        
         
           But
           those
           of
           the
           East
           and
           West
           
             Indie
          
           Companies
           (
           true
           Lucriones
           )
           shewed
           their
           regret
           at
           this
           publick
           joy
           ,
           foreseeing
           by
           this
           that
           their
           Piracies
           exercised
           against
           the
           
             Portugals
          
           there
           must
           come
           to
           an
           end
           ;
           and
           the
           conquests
           also
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           promised
           themselves
           over
           the
           
             Portugal
          
           in
           the
           East-Indie
           and
           
             Brazil
             .
          
        
         
           This
           beginning
           of
           friendship
           in
           the
           cessation
           of
           Arms
           pleased
           the
           
             Portugal
          
           extremely
           ,
           who
           sent
           an
           Ambassador
           to
           the
           
             Hague
             ;
          
           where
           there
           was
           a
           truce
           concluded
           on
           between
           the
           
             Portugal
          
           and
           the
           United
           Provinces
           for
           twelve
           years
           :
        
         
           But
           the
           craftiness
           and
           cunning
           of
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           is
           worthy
           observation
           ;
           for
           because
           the
           East
           
             Indie
          
           and
           
             Brazil
          
           were
           so
           far
           off
           ,
           the
           Hollanders
           caused
           this
           clause
           to
           be
           inserted
           ;
           
             That
             the
             Truce
             should
             not
             begin
             in
             the
             East
          
           Indies
           ,
           
             till
             within
             a
             year
             ,
             and
             in
          
           Brazil
           
             till
             within
             half
             a
             year
             after
             the
             ratification
             thereof
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Hollander
           ,
           before
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           time
           ,
           gave
           order
           and
           express
           advice
           to
           their
           men
           at
           
             Brazil
          
           and
           elsewhere
           ,
           to
           do
           their
           best
           to
           take
           all
           they
           could
           get
           from
           the
           Portugals
           ,
           as
           indeed
           they
           did
           ,
           for
           they
           took
           
             Angola
             ,
          
           St
           
             Tomce
             ,
          
           
           and
           
             Marinsan
             ;
          
           and
           in
           the
           East
           
             Indies
          
           they
           took
           
             Mallacca
             :
          
           also
           in
           
             Brazil
          
           they
           took
           and
           confiscated
           divers
           Portugal
           ships
           ,
           coming
           to
           honest
           and
           Cordial
           friends
           ,
           as
           the
           Dutch
           .
        
         
           The
           Truce
           being
           made
           ;
           and
           both
           Parties
           as
           well
           the
           Portugals
           ,
           as
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           having
           ful
           notice
           of
           it
           ;
           the
           Portugals
           at
           
             Angola
          
           relying
           upon
           the
           Truce
           ,
           admitted
           the
           Hollanders
           as
           friends
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           joy
           and
           alacrity
           into
           the
           Castle
           ,
           but
           the
           Dutch
           being
           no
           sooner
           entred
           ,
           they
           took
           and
           turned
           out
           the
           Portugals
           ,
           and
           having
           boarded
           them
           in
           an
           ugly
           rotten
           Bark
           unprovided
           of
           provisions
           ,
           sent
           them
           to
           traverse
           the
           sea
           in
           a
           thousand
           dangers
           ;
           with
           the
           same
           deceit
           they
           entred
           into
           the
           Islands
           of
           
             Marinsan
          
           and
           St.
           
             Tomce
             .
          
        
         
           Ambassadors
           were
           sent
           from
           
             Portugal
          
           to
           demand
           these
           places
           ,
           the
           Hollanders
           produced
           the
           said
           clause
           of
           the
           Truce
           ;
           which
           was
           all
           the
           Portugal
           could
           get
           from
           the
           Hollander
           ;
           for
           said
           they
           ,
           
             There
             is
             no
             wrong
             done
             ,
             in
             regard
             ,
             that
             in
             that
             clause
             is
             said
             ,
             That
             each
             side
             shall
             hold
             and
             keep
             ,
             what
             he
             can
             take
             and
             in
             such
             a
             time
             :
          
           Whereupon
           the
           Portugal
           Ambassador
           said
           to
           them
           very
           well
           ;
           
             That
             that
             must
             be
             understoodBona
          
           fide
           (
           viz
           )
           
             That
             which
             should
             be
             taken
             without
             having
             any
             knowledge
             of
             the
             Truce
             .
          
        
         
           But
           those
           of
           the
           West
           
             Indie
          
           Company
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           were
           in
           their
           service
           ,
           had
           full
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Peace
           or
           Truce
           ,
           and
           nevertheless
           had
           treacherously
           faln
           upon
           the
           Portugals
           ,
           and
           taken
           from
           them
           those
           places
           ;
           who
           no
           waies
           suspected
           any
           such
           cheat
           ,
           but
           admitted
           the
           Dutch
           as
           friends
           .
           The
           Dutch
           having
           made
           the
           business
           less
           suspected
           ,
           in
           regard
           they
           expressed
           great
           love
           to
           the
           Portugal
           ,
           and
           ordered
           a
           cessation
           of
           Arms
           ,
           before
           the
           Portugal
           had
           desired
           them
           ;
           but
           for
           what
           end
           the
           world
           may
           judg
           :
           which
           action
           was
           the
           more
           cruel
           and
           treacherous
           ,
           in
           regard
           that
           the
           King
           of
           
             Portugal
             ,
          
           had
           but
           then
           torn
           himself
           from
           the
           Spaniard
           into
           his
           own
           rights
           ,
           and
           in
           this
           Infancy
           of
           his
           Government
           was
           thus
           dealt
           withal
           .
        
         
           Besides
           all
           this
           ,
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Dutch
           in
           
             Brazil
          
           hath
           been
           so
           ungodly
           ,
           unjust
           ,
           and
           full
           of
           tyranny
           (
           the
           most
           part
           that
           were
           sent
           over
           thither
           ,
           being
           broken
           Merchants
           ,
           lost
           and
           undone
           men
           ,
           Roagues
           and
           Whores
           )
           who
           must
           make
           their
           
           fortunes
           by
           the
           Portugal
           ;
           made
           the
           Portugal
           dispair
           of
           ever
           being
           well
           ruled
           by
           such
           a
           Rabble
           ,
           and
           caused
           them
           to
           revolt
           against
           the
           Hollander
           ,
           having
           most
           just
           cause
           so
           to
           do
           .
        
         
           And
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           omitted
           ,
           how
           justly
           God
           hath
           punished
           the
           West
           
             Indie
          
           Company
           in
           
             Holland
             ,
          
           who
           are
           brought
           to
           nothing
           ,
           and
           what
           supplies
           soever
           (
           to
           their
           infinite
           great
           charges
           )
           have
           been
           sent
           thither
           ,
           they
           have
           either
           miscarried
           ,
           been
           beaten
           ,
           or
           lost
           one
           way
           or
           other
           .
           And
           the
           places
           aforesaid
           taken
           from
           the
           Portugal
           by
           treachery
           ,
           are
           in
           the
           Portugals
           hands
           again
           ;
           so
           that
           God
           seems
           to
           have
           blown
           upon
           that
           Company
           and
           Design
           .
        
         
           The
           Portugal
           Ambassador
           could
           never
           obtain
           any
           satisfaction
           ,
           or
           so
           much
           as
           reason
           from
           the
           Hollanders
           for
           what
           they
           had
           done
           .
        
         
           My
           third
           Instance
           shall
           be
           
             Sweden
             .
          
        
         
           According
           to
           the
           Treaty
           between
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Emperor
           
             Charles
          
           the
           Fifth
           ,
           as
           Earl
           of
           
             Holland
          
           and
           
             Zealand
             ,
          
           made
           at
           
             Splers
             1554.
          
           and
           according
           to
           the
           ancient
           custome
           ;
           the
           Dutch
           were
           to
           pass
           the
           
             Sound
             ,
          
           onely
           paying
           a
           Rosenoble
           ;
           the
           ships
           ,
           being
           then
           never
           known
           to
           be
           visited
           or
           searched
           ;
           and
           this
           was
           paid
           because
           of
           the
           Lights
           ,
           Tuns
           ,
           and
           marks
           at
           sea
           ,
           preserved
           by
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
             :
          
           which
           Treaty
           after
           the
           separation
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           from
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
          
           observed
           not
           ;
           making
           what
           rules
           and
           exactions
           he
           pleased
           ,
           &
           breaking
           them
           when
           he
           would
           ;
           searching
           the
           ships
           also
           ,
           through
           which
           many
           came
           to
           be
           confiscated
           :
           for
           having
           contraband
           goods
           ,
           or
           any
           commodities
           that
           they
           gave
           not
           account
           of
           to
           his
           Officers
           in
           the
           
             Sound
             :
          
           and
           as
           the
           Dutch
           were
           strong
           or
           weak
           in
           their
           Convoyes
           ,
           the
           Customes
           or
           Toll
           was
           increased
           ,
           or
           diminished
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           they
           past
           free
           ,
           the
           Swede
           alwaies
           .
        
         
           The
           Dutch
           being
           no
           longer
           able
           to
           controle
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
          
           (
           being
           the
           onely
           King
           at
           Peace
           then
           in
           
             Europe
             )
          
           they
           send
           three
           Ambassadors
           to
           the
           King
           of
           
             Sweden
             ,
          
           who
           at
           the
           onely
           request
           of
           the
           States
           General
           ,
           
           made
           a
           League
           of
           Allyance
           with
           the
           said
           States
           in
           the
           same
           year
           ,
           and
           confirmed
           
           it
           again
           in
           the
           year
           1645.
           being
           by
           them
           called
           a
           League
           
             Guarantie
             ,
          
           purposely
           to
           keep
           the
           
             Dane
          
           in
           awe
           ,
           being
           besides
           the
           League
           of
           Commerce
           .
        
         
           The
           Queen
           of
           
             Sweden
          
           in
           the
           year
           1643
           ,
           and
           1644.
           entred
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           and
           made
           war
           against
           it
           :
           The
           
             Dutch
          
           according
           to
           their
           League
           (
           which
           was
           to
           assist
           one
           another
           ,
           in
           case
           the
           
             Dane
          
           should
           assault
           either
           of
           them
           ,
           with
           4000
           men
           ,
           or
           ships
           to
           the
           proportion
           of
           the
           charge
           of
           so
           many
           men
           )
           sent
           relief
           to
           the
           Queen
           of
           
             Sweden
             ,
          
           or
           rather
           50
           ships
           into
           the
           Sound
           :
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           an
           Ambassy
           ,
           (
           viz
           )
           
             Schaep
             ,
             Zoneck
             ;
             Andree
             ;
          
           to
           let
           the
           
             Dane
          
           know
           ,
           
             si
             tu
             non
             vis
             ,
             hic
             faciet
             .
          
        
         
           The
           
             Dane
          
           not
           knowing
           how
           to
           turn
           himself
           ,
           in
           dealing
           with
           them
           both
           ,
           entred
           into
           a
           Treaty
           ,
           as
           well
           with
           
             Sweden
          
           as
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           .
        
         
           The
           Queen
           of
           
             Sweden
          
           had
           full
           satisfaction
           given
           her
           :
           but
           the
           States
           of
           
             Holland
             ,
          
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           practise
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
             ,
          
           who
           was
           allyed
           to
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           by
           his
           marriage
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             Englands
          
           daughter
           ,
           could
           not
           obtain
           their
           full
           liberty
           for
           their
           passage
           of
           their
           ships
           through
           the
           Sound
           :
           nor
           have
           the
           Treaty
           of
           
             Spiers
          
           made
           good
           to
           them
           ,
           though
           the
           Queen
           of
           
             Sweden
          
           advised
           them
           to
           stand
           to
           the
           Treaty
           of
           
             Spiers
             ,
          
           and
           she
           would
           maintain
           them
           in
           it
           :
           yet
           they
           obtained
           a
           reasonable
           rate
           ,
           and
           that
           their
           ships
           should
           not
           be
           visited
           ,
           shewing
           their
           Passes
           from
           the
           Admiralty
           ,
           and
           by
           word
           of
           mouth
           ,
           telling
           what
           they
           had
           in
           their
           ships
           :
           with
           which
           the
           
             Dane
          
           was
           forced
           to
           be
           content
           ,
           and
           never
           could
           afterward
           ,
           cause
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           ships
           to
           be
           visited
           :
           whereby
           the
           
             Hollander
          
           had
           a
           great
           advantage
           ,
           and
           paid
           no
           more
           then
           he
           had
           a
           minde
           unto
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
          
           being
           by
           this
           means
           brought
           somewhat
           low
           ,
           and
           the
           Queen
           of
           
             Sweden
          
           high
           ,
           having
           made
           peace
           with
           him
           and
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           
             Vlefelt
             ,
          
           an
           Ingenuous
           man
           ,
           and
           able
           to
           raise
           and
           restore
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           gave
           the
           
             Dunish
          
           King
           direction
           ,
           that
           henceforth
           instead
           of
           curbing
           ,
           and
           slighting
           the
           
             Hollander
             ,
          
           he
           should
           court
           and
           cajole
           them
           ,
           by
           giving
           them
           hopes
           of
           gain
           and
           profit
           :
           whereupon
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
          
           honoured
           the
           four
           Earls
           of
           
             Nassaw
             ,
          
           the
           
             Rheynegrave
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Lord
           of
           
             Bredero
             ,
          
           with
           the
           order
           of
           the
           
             Elephant
             :
             
             Vlefelt
          
           going
           to
           
             Holland
          
           about
           this
           Errand
           ,
           courted
           them
           much
           ,
           represented
           how
           formidable
           
             Sweden
          
           was
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           did
           endeavour
           to
           undoe
           their
           trade
           in
           the
           
             East
          
           Sea
           ,
           (
           though
           there
           was
           little
           likelyhood
           of
           this
           in
           regard
           the
           
             Hollanders
          
           were
           great
           husbands
           ,
           and
           managers
           of
           their
           affairs
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           money
           had
           known
           how
           to
           set
           forth
           Monopolies
           ,
           
             Sweden
          
           having
           little
           trade
           in
           comparison
           .
        
         
           But
           notwithstanding
           all
           the
           foresaid
           respect
           and
           love
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           
             Sweden
          
           in
           entring
           into
           a
           League
           Defensive
           against
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           on
           the
           
             Hollanders
          
           score
           ,
           and
           at
           their
           request
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           whereby
           the
           States
           had
           their
           oportunity
           of
           making
           their
           tearms
           of
           advantage
           for
           the
           Sound
           as
           aforesaid
           .
           She
           wishing
           them
           to
           stand
           to
           the
           Treaty
           of
           
             Spiers
          
           and
           she
           would
           mrintain
           them
           :
           and
           contrary
           to
           the
           League
           
             Guarantie
          
           wherein
           the
           States
           General
           are
           bound
           to
           assist
           the
           
             Swede
          
           against
           the
           
             Dane
          
           with
           4000.
           men
           ,
           &
           ships
           proportionable
           to
           that
           charge
           ,
           and
           to
           maintain
           the
           Queen
           of
           
             Sweden
          
           free
           of
           the
           Sound
           so
           far
           as
           those
           men
           or
           proportions
           would
           reach
           ;
           she
           being
           then
           free
           of
           the
           Sound
           ,
           and
           the
           League
           of
           Commerce
           ;
           the
           said
           States
           General
           in
           the
           years
           1649.
           and
           1651.
           have
           made
           and
           concluded
           a
           League
           Defensive
           ,
           and
           a
           Treaty
           of
           Redemption
           with
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           by
           which
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           are
           obliged
           to
           assist
           the
           King
           of
           
             Denmark
          
           against
           
             Sweden
             ,
          
           or
           any
           other
           Prince
           or
           State
           so
           far
           as
           4000
           men
           ,
           or
           their
           proportionable
           charge
           in
           Shipping
           will
           extend
           :
           and
           whereas
           the
           Queen
           was
           before
           free
           from
           paying
           of
           Toll
           ,
           she
           must
           pay
           the
           old
           Toll
           ,
           if
           she
           trade
           that
           way
           to
           
             Holland
          
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           having
           hired
           the
           Sound
           for
           some
           certain
           years
           of
           the
           
             Dane
          
           at
           140000
           
             Pattacoons
          
           or
           
             Dollors
             per
             annum
          
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           and
           is
           engaged
           during
           that
           time
           ,
           to
           let
           it
           to
           none
           other
           at
           that
           rate
           :
           all
           this
           expresly
           against
           their
           Leagues
           with
           
             Sweden
          
           in
           the
           years
           1640
           ,
           and
           1645.
           wherein
           they
           promise
           
             Sweden
          
           the
           same
           thing
           .
           
             Ex
             quibuscunque
             causis
             bello
             involvatur
             .
          
           Of
           which
           the
           
             Swedish
          
           Ministers
           have
           made
           several
           complaints
           to
           the
           States
           Generall
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           add
           no
           more
           but
           what
           our
           own
           experience
           of
           their
           carriage
           to
           
             England
          
           doth
           afford
           us
           ;
           and
           that
           onely
           in
           a
           few
           
           words
           ,
           leaving
           the
           full
           disquisition
           thereof
           ,
           and
           of
           their
           carriage
           ,
           &
           horrible
           cruelties
           in
           the
           
             East
             Indies
          
           (
           chiefly
           under
           
             Coene
             )
          
           as
           extortions
           ,
           imprisonment
           ,
           killing
           ,
           &c.
           upon
           the
           innocent
           inhabitants
           ,
           besides
           the
           
             English
             ,
          
           to
           some
           other
           Pen
           ,
           it
           being
           so
           well
           known
           to
           us
           whom
           this
           concerns
           and
           I
           having
           been
           necessarily
           so
           large
           already
           in
           other
           particulars
           .
        
         
           What
           
             England
          
           hath
           been
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           how
           they
           have
           requited
           it
           ,
           is
           afore
           discoursed
           :
           Many
           complaints
           were
           made
           against
           them
           in
           point
           of
           Trade
           in
           the
           
             East
             Indies
             ,
          
           and
           other
           parts
           ,
           which
           occasioned
           severall
           
             Treaties
          
           between
           them
           and
           us
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           year
           1619
           all
           things
           were
           concluded
           .
           Notwithstanding
           which
           in
           the
           year
           1622.
           was
           committed
           that
           barbarous
           and
           wicked
           murther
           on
           our
           
             English
          
           in
           
             Amboyna
             ,
          
           and
           the
           dispossessing
           us
           of
           those
           Islands
           of
           Spices
           to
           this
           day
           ;
           without
           making
           any
           satisfaction
           for
           the
           blood
           then
           shed
           ,
           the
           spoils
           then
           committed
           ,
           the
           breach
           of
           the
           
             Treaty
          
           then
           made
           ,
           and
           the
           Merchandize
           then
           and
           since
           taken
           from
           the
           
             English
             ,
          
           though
           it
           amounts
           to
           great
           sums
           ,
           and
           should
           have
           been
           perfected
           in
           the
           year
           1625
           ,
           or
           before
           it
           ,
           to
           say
           nothing
           of
           any
           other
           particular
           .
           Certainly
           the
           Judgement
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Justice
           of
           Man
           will
           have
           a
           time
           to
           purge
           such
           blood
           from
           the
           Earth
           ,
           which
           it
           hath
           defiled
           ,
           and
           render
           unto
           them
           according
           to
           their
           deserts
           .
        
         
           But
           paramount
           to
           all
           ,
           was
           
             Van
             Trumps
          
           late
           assault
           ,
           when
           we
           were
           in
           Amity
           ,
           upon
           their
           own
           offers
           ,
           treating
           for
           a
           more
           strict
           Union
           ;
           as
           is
           elsewhere
           mentioned
           at
           large
           in
           the
           
             Parliaments
             Declaration
             :
          
           from
           the
           mischiefs
           and
           sadeffects
           of
           which
           ,
           God
           alone
           by
           his
           great
           mercy
           and
           providence
           ,
           hath
           delivered
           us
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           all
           this
           let
           it
           onely
           be
           added
           ,
           That
           they
           are
           already
           in
           a
           League
           Defensive
           and
           Offensive
           with
           
             France
             ;
          
           a
           League
           
             de
             non
             offendendo
          
           with
           
             Spain
             ;
          
           a
           League
           Defensive
           with
           
             Sweden
          
           against
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           and
           Defensive
           with
           
             Denmark
          
           against
           
             Sweden
             ,
          
           and
           all
           other
           Nations
           .
        
         
           To
           sum
           up
           all
           ;
           If
           so
           be
           by
           the
           instances
           mentioned
           ,
           and
           what
           else
           may
           be
           brought
           of
           the
           same
           nature
           ;
           those
           of
           the
           
             Vnited
             Provinces
          
           have
           made
           it
           to
           appear
           (
           as
           it
           seems
           to
           be
           very
           clear
           )
           that
           they
           have
           been
           so
           far
           from
           asserting
           ,
           (
           though
           
           they
           pretend
           nothing
           more
           )
           the
           true
           reformed
           
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
          
           and
           
             Liberty
             ,
          
           that
           they
           have
           not
           onely
           deserted
           strangers
           ,
           that
           have
           professed
           and
           contended
           for
           the
           said
           Principles
           ;
           but
           their
           own
           Flesh
           and
           Blood
           ,
           contrary
           to
           their
           holy
           and
           perpetuall
           League
           and
           Union
           ,
           called
           the
           
             Vnion
             of
             Vtrecht
          
           in
           the
           year
           1579.
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             Antwerp
             ,
             Gant
             ,
             Bruges
             ;
          
           but
           have
           assisted
           the
           Popish
           Princes
           in
           the
           warres
           against
           their
           Protestant
           Subjects
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             Rochell
             ;
          
           and
           tyrannicall
           Princes
           in
           their
           warres
           against
           their
           Protestant
           Parliament
           and
           People
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           fundamentall
           Lawes
           of
           their
           Kingdoms
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           and
           furnisht
           bloody
           Rebels
           with
           Arms
           ,
           and
           Ammunition
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           provisions
           ,
           to
           commit
           the
           most
           hellish
           massacres
           upon
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             Ireland
             .
          
        
         
           If
           so
           be
           that
           their
           sole
           businesse
           is
           to
           be
           free
           themselvs
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           all
           the
           world
           their
           slaves
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           able
           ,
           as
           is
           manifest
           by
           the
           whole
           proceed
           of
           their
           affairs
           ;
           and
           to
           shut
           up
           the
           commerce
           of
           the
           world
           from
           any
           but
           themselves
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           the
           
             Sound
             ,
             East
             Indies
             ,
             Amboyna
             ,
             Antwerp
             ,
             Flanders
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           If
           so
           be
           the
           strongest
           and
           most
           sacred
           Stipulatious
           ,
           and
           Leagues
           solemnly
           sworn
           before
           God
           ,
           and
           oftentimes
           renewed
           upon
           the
           same
           sacrednesse
           ,
           made
           upon
           their
           own
           desires
           ,
           and
           necessity
           ,
           and
           grounded
           upon
           old
           and
           new
           curtesies
           and
           friendship
           ,
           and
           upon
           their
           own
           interests
           ;
           others
           have
           quitted
           Peace
           for
           their
           sakes
           onely
           ,
           and
           weltred
           in
           blood
           to
           effect
           their
           requests
           ,
           have
           been
           broken
           as
           two
           before
           the
           fire
           ,
           and
           of
           no
           validity
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             France
             ,
             Sweden
             ,
          
           and
           
             England
             ;
          
           and
           where
           they
           have
           made
           shew
           of
           tendernesse
           and
           affection
           ,
           to
           help
           up
           a
           Kingdom
           rising
           from
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           yet
           design
           it
           onely
           as
           a
           cover
           ,
           to
           possesse
           their
           strength
           and
           riches
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             Portugall
             .
          
        
         
           If
           so
           be
           they
           can
           easily
           swallow
           down
           Leagues
           contrary
           one
           to
           another
           ,
           as
           Earth
           is
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             Sweden
             ,
             Denmark
             ,
             France
          
           and
           
             Spain
             .
          
        
         
           If
           so
           be
           that
           when
           they
           seem
           mostly
           to
           desire
           Peace
           and
           strict
           union
           ,
           they
           intend
           it
           as
           a
           disguise
           to
           cover
           their
           designs
           of
           treachery
           ,
           and
           surprize
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             Trumps
          
           late
           assault
           .
        
         
         
           If
           so
           be
           the
           Basis
           of
           their
           actions
           Divine
           and
           Humane
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           of
           what
           ever
           they
           do
           attempt
           ,
           be
           advantage
           and
           profit
           ;
           and
           that
           
             Religion
             ,
             Liberty
             ,
             Principles
             ,
             Leagues
             ,
             Treaties
             ,
             Friendships
             ,
             Assistance
             ,
          
           must
           serv
           as
           oft
           as
           they
           judg
           it
           fit
           ,
           and
           think
           themselves
           able
           to
           accomplish
           it
           ,
           though
           never
           so
           contrary
           to
           the
           being
           of
           Humanity
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Rules
           of
           Honesty
           and
           Faithfulnesse
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           instances
           aforementioned
           .
        
         
           And
           lastly
           ,
           if
           so
           be
           we
           of
           this
           Nation
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           do
           believe
           that
           there
           is
           such
           a
           Cause
           of
           God
           this
           day
           amongst
           us
           ,
           that
           wil
           take
           off
           the
           
             a
          
           
             Burthen
             and
             the
             Yoak
             ,
             and
             cause
          
           
             b
          
           
             Justice
             to
             be
             administred
             equally
             to
             all
             ,
             and
          
           
             c
          
           
             establish
             Righteousnesse
             and
             Judgement
             in
             the
             Earth
             :
          
           And
           that
           as
           it
           hath
           done
           much
           hereof
           in
           
             England
          
           already
           ,
           so
           it
           will
           perfect
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           God
           his
           will
           herein
           ,
           will
           cause
           to
           be
           declared
           ,
           and
           to
           proceed
           to
           other
           Nations
           ,
           till
           the
           whole
           
             d
          
           
             Creation
          
           that
           is
           now
           groaning
           under
           the
           exorbitant
           and
           wicked
           lusts
           of
           Kings
           and
           great
           ones
           ,
           whether
           in
           
             Monarchies
          
           or
           
             States
             ,
          
           be
           delivered
           into
           freedom
           ;
           and
           that
           this
           Cause
           will
           
             e
          
           
             Chastise
          
           every
           one
           that
           hath
           opposed
           it
           ,
           or
           born
           evill
           will
           unto
           it
           .
        
         
           Then
           (
           I
           say
           )
           let
           
             England
          
           judge
           things
           rightly
           ,
           and
           take
           heed
           how
           they
           make
           Leagues
           and
           Union
           with
           such
           a
           people
           .
           How
           they
           forbear
           to
           mind
           what
           the
           
             f
          
           voyce
           of
           Providence
           saith
           to
           them
           ,
           or
           neglect
           to
           take
           the
           opportunities
           that
           such
           a
           signall
           hand
           of
           God
           (
           as
           hath
           lately
           appeared
           )
           hath
           put
           before
           them
           ,
           to
           secure
           themselves
           ,
           do
           justice
           to
           their
           people
           ,
           and
           maintain
           the
           Reputation
           of
           that
           Cause
           amongst
           them
           ,
           which
           God
           hath
           written
           his
           Name
           upon
           both
           at
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           in
           such
           unparalleld
           and
           glorious
           Characters
           .
        
         
           And
           let
           every
           man
           take
           heed
           how
           he
           
             g
          
           seeks
           to
           bind
           the
           Hand
           of
           God
           ,
           when
           he
           is
           shaking
           his
           Rod
           over
           a
           people
           ,
           especially
           when
           they
           have
           upon
           them
           the
           symptoms
           of
           Displeasure
           ;
           and
           how
           they
           stand
           in
           the
           way
           of
           Gods
           designes
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           how
           they
           expresse
           more
           tendernesse
           to
           such
           a
           people
           ,
           then
           to
           the
           security
           ,
           Blood
           and
           right
           of
           their
           Countrey-men
           ,
           and
           the
           will
           of
           God
           ,
           which
           we
           ought
           to
           pray
           to
           be
           done
           in
           earth
           as
           it
           is
           in
           Heaven
           .
        
         
         
           For
           when
           the
           Lord
           is
           moved
           from
           his
           Throne
           ,
           to
           doe
           his
           great
           works
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           in
           routing
           
             Antichrist
             ,
          
           making
           of
           his
           name
           glorious
           in
           the
           relieving
           the
           
             h
          
           oppressed
           ,
           delivering
           the
           
             i
          
           captive
           ,
           helping
           him
           to
           
             k
          
           right
           that
           hath
           no
           helper
           ,
           throwing
           down
           the
           unrighteous
           Powers
           and
           Kingdoms
           ,
           appearing
           as
           the
           righteous
           Judge
           of
           all
           the
           Earth
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           in
           setting
           up
           his
           
             l
          
           King
           on
           his
           holy
           Hill
           of
           
             Syon
             ;
          
           which
           he
           hath
           said
           shall
           be
           done
           ,
           and
           we
           believe
           and
           expect
           it
           to
           be
           done
           in
           these
           later
           times
           of
           the
           world
           .
           Let
           all
           men
           ,
           yea
           the
           people
           of
           God
           ,
           take
           heed
           how
           they
           stand
           in
           his
           way
           :
           For
           if
           his
           
             m
          
           
             Wrath
             kindle
             but
             a
             little
             ,
             happy
             are
             all
             those
             that
             trust
             in
             him
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A31203e-440
           
             1622.
             
          
           
             O
             d.
             Lords
             and
             Commons
             in
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             April
             5.
             1643.
             
          
           
             Jer.
             2.
             3
             .
          
           
             Zach.
             2.
             8
             
          
           
             a
             Eze.
             25
             3.
             26.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Eze.
             25
             6.
             
          
           
             c
             Eze.
             25
             12
             ,
             15.
             35.
             5.
             
          
           
             d
             Eze.
             26
             2
             
          
           
             e
             Eze.
             36
             3.
             
          
           
             f
             Eze.
             35
             12.
             
          
           
             g
             Eze.
             35
             10.
             
          
           
             h
             Zeph.
             2.
             8
             
          
           
             i
             Jer.
             12.
             14
             
          
           
             k
             Jer.
             46
             10.
             
             Isa.
             63.
             4
             .
          
           
             l
             Jer.
             46.
             15
             ,
             16
             ,
             18
             22
             ,
             27
             ,
             28
             ,
             29.
             
          
           
             m
             Isa
             8.
             21.
             
          
           
             n
             Psalme
             125.
             5
             
          
           
             o
             Zac.
             8.
             2
             
          
           
             p
             1
             Sam
             17.
             37
             
          
           
             q
             Deut.
             28.
             1.
             
          
           
             r
             Is
             .
             13.
             2
             Gant.
             2.
             4.
             
          
           
             ſ
             Isa.
             55.
             13.
             
             Zac.
             9.
             16
             
          
           
             t
             1
             Kings
             20.
             23
             
          
           
             Isay
             .
             16.
             4.
             
          
           
             5.
             
          
           
             2
             Pet.
             3.
             9.
             
          
           
             1575
             
          
           
             1609
             
          
           
             100000.
             l.
             Sterling
             .
          
           
             200000.
             l.
             Sterling
             .
          
           
             sterling
             .
             120000l
             .
          
           
             Note
             ,
             
               Pennerands
            
             Letter
             intercepted
             ,
             saith
             ,
             that
             the
             
               French
            
             were
             not
             so
             much
             as
             named
             in
             the
             treaty
             by
             the
             
               Dutch
               .
            
          
           
             1640.
             
          
           
             a
             Isa.
             9.
             4.
             10.
             27.
             14.
             25.
             58.
             6.
             
          
           
             b
             Jer.
             23.
             5
             ,
             6.
             
             Ezek
             ,
             45.
             9.
             
             Isa.
             56.
             1.
             Gen.
             18.
             19.
             2
             Sam.
             8.
             15
             ,
          
           
             c
             Isa.
             9.
             7.
             16.
             5.
             42.
             4.
             
             Ps
             ,
             99
             4.
             Dan.
             7.
             22.
             
          
           
             d
             Rom.
             8
             22.
             
          
           
             e
             Jer.
             12.
             14.
             46.
             10.
             
             Ezek.
             28.
             24.
             
          
           
             f
             Mich.
             6
             9.
             1
             
             King.
             20.
             42.
             2
             
             King.
             13.
             19.
             
          
           
             g
             Jer.
             7.
             16.
             11.
             14.
             14.
             11
             
             Gen.
             19.
             16.
             17.
             26
             14.
             12.
             14
             ,
             16
             1
             King.
             22.
             28.
             30.
             32.
             
          
           
             h
             Ps.
             103
             6.
             146.
             7.
             
          
           
             i
             Isa.
             61.
             1.
             
          
           
             k
             Psa.
             72.
             12
             
          
           
             l
             Psal.
             2.
             6.
             
          
           
             m
             Psal.
             2.
             12.