The lives of all the princes of Orange, from William the Great, founder of the Common-wealth of the United Provinces written in French by the Baron Maurier, in the year 1682, and published at Paris, by order of the French King ; to which is added the life of His present Majesty King William the Third, from his birth to his landing in England, by Mr. Thomas Brown ; together with all the princes heads taken from original draughts.
         Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Hollande et des autres Provinces-Unies. English
         Aubery du Maurier, Louis, 1609-1687.
      
       
         
           1693
        
      
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             The lives of all the princes of Orange, from William the Great, founder of the Common-wealth of the United Provinces written in French by the Baron Maurier, in the year 1682, and published at Paris, by order of the French King ; to which is added the life of His present Majesty King William the Third, from his birth to his landing in England, by Mr. Thomas Brown ; together with all the princes heads taken from original draughts.
             Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Hollande et des autres Provinces-Unies. English
             Aubery du Maurier, Louis, 1609-1687.
             Brown, Thomas, 1663-1704.
          
           [33], 144, [2], 115-305 p. : ports.
           
             Printed for Thomas Bennet ...,
             London :
             1693.
          
           
             "The table" [i.e. index]: prelim. p. [11]-[18].
             Originally published, 1680, under title: Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Hollande et des autres Provinces-Unies.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           William -- III, -- King of England, 1650-1702.
           William -- I, -- Prince of Orange, 1533-1584.
           Orange-Nassau, House of.
           Netherlands -- History -- Wars of Independence, 1556-1648.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           LIVES
           Of
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           Orange
           ;
           FROM
           WILLIAM
           the
           Great
           ,
           Founder
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           .
        
         
           Written
           in
           French
           by
           the
           Baron
           Maurier
           ,
           in
           the
           Year
           1682
           ,
           and
           published
           at
           Paris
           ,
           by
           Order
           of
           the
           French
           King.
           
        
         
           To
           which
           is
           added
           the
           Life
           of
           His
           Present
           Majesty
           King
           William
           the
           Third
           ,
           from
           His
           Birth
           to
           His
           Landing
           in
           England
           .
        
         
           By
           Mr.
           
             Thomas
             Brown.
          
           
        
         
           Together
           with
           all
           the
           Princes
           Heads
           taken
           from
           Original
           Draughts
           .
        
         
           
             Chara
             Deo
             Soboles
          
           .
        
         
           Virgil.
           
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           for
           
             Thomas
             Bennet
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Half-Moon
           in
           St.
           Paul's
           Church-Yard
           ,
           1693.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           his
           Honoured
           Friend
           
             THOMAS
             CHAMBERS
          
           OF
           Hanworth
           ,
           
             Esq
          
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           THough
           I
           know
           what
           a
           just
           aversion
           you
           have
           to
           the
           common
           strain
           of
           Dedications
           ,
           yet
           with
           the
           usual
           assurance
           of
           an
           Authour
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           I
           have
           presumed
           to
           inscribe
           this
           History
           to
           you
           ;
           so
           much
           too
           powerful
           was
           either
           my
           gratitude
           or
           my
           interest
           for
           the
           Complaisance
           I
           ought
           to
           have
           had
           for
           your
           Modesty
           .
           As
           I
           have
           received
           too
           many
           Obligations
           at
           your
           hands
           not
           to
           endeavour
           at
           some
           sort
           of
           a
           requital
           (
           if
           Addresses
           of
           this
           
           Nature
           don't
           rather
           serve
           to
           increase
           the
           Debt
           than
           to
           acquit
           it
           )
           so
           I
           am
           too
           well
           acquainted
           with
           your
           Temper
           to
           offer
           at
           any
           thing
           that
           may
           look
           like
           Flattery
           .
           'T
           is
           I
           confess
           somewhat
           hard
           to
           be
           avoided
           upon
           these
           occasions
           ,
           and
           few
           Patrons
           quarrel
           with
           the
           poor
           Slaves
           ,
           that
           make
           these
           Applications
           to
           them
           ,
           for
           being
           too
           liberal
           of
           their
           Incense
           .
           But
           you
           need
           not
           fear
           any
           such
           dreadful
           Entertainment
           from
           me
           :
           For
           contrary
           to
           the
           received
           Practise
           of
           all
           my
           Predecessors
           in
           Dedication
           ,
           I
           intend
           not
           to
           say
           one
           Word
           in
           your
           Praise
           .
           Nay
           what
           is
           more
           surprizing
           ,
           instead
           of
           being
           a
           Panegyrist
           I
           here
           come
           publickly
           to
           reproach
           you
           ,
           and
           that
           freedom
           as
           gross
           as
           it
           looks
           ,
           I
           know
           you
           will
           much
           sooner
           excuse
           than
           being
           praised
           .
        
         
         
           I
           must
           therefore
           ,
           (
           though
           it
           is
           much
           against
           my
           inclination
           to
           be
           the
           bearer
           of
           ill
           News
           )
           take
           the
           boldness
           to
           inform
           you
           that
           the
           World
           speaks
           very
           strange
           things
           of
           you
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           I
           am
           afraid
           you
           will
           find
           it
           a
           difficult
           matter
           to
           justifie
           without
           the
           affectation
           of
           being
           singular
           .
           It
           complains
           in
           the
           first
           place
           that
           in
           a
           time
           of
           Universal
           perfidiousness
           and
           degeneracy
           ,
           when
           the
           profession
           of
           Friendship
           serves
           only
           to
           usher
           in
           some
           piece
           of
           Treachery
           with
           a
           better
           grace
           ,
           you
           have
           the
           opiniatreté
           to
           be
           sincere
           and
           undesigning
           ;
           that
           at
           an
           Age
           wherein
           others
           of
           your
           quality
           wholly
           abandon
           themselves
           to
           their
           pleasures
           ,
           and
           generously
           neglect
           the
           pursuit
           of
           every
           thing
           besides
           ,
           you
           are
           so
           ill-natured
           as
           to
           use
           them
           only
           
             en
             passant
          
           ,
           and
           cannot
           be
           brought
           to
           allow
           that
           Learning
           sits
           ill
           upon
           a
           
           Gentleman
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           that
           amidst
           so
           vast
           a
           Wealth
           ,
           which
           uses
           to
           have
           no
           other
           effect
           upon
           the
           rest
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           but
           either
           to
           make
           them
           neglect
           themselves
           or
           despise
           others
           ,
           you
           obstinately
           continue
           to
           be
           unfashionably
           virtuous
           and
           condescending
           .
           I
           could
           tell
           you
           of
           several
           other
           objections
           of
           the
           like
           terrible
           importance
           that
           are
           frequently
           made
           against
           you
           ,
           but
           as
           by
           these
           I
           have
           mention'd
           ,
           you
           may
           sufficiently
           judge
           what
           malicious
           Worlds
           thinks
           of
           you
           ,
           I
           shall
           forbear
           to
           recount
           the
           rest
           .
        
         
           And
           now
           Sir
           ,
           if
           I
           may
           be
           permitted
           to
           speak
           something
           of
           the
           following
           Translation
           ,
           I
           hope
           it
           is
           a
           Present
           not
           altogether
           unworthy
           of
           your
           Acceptance
           .
           There
           is
           this
           at
           least
           to
           be
           said
           in
           the
           behalf
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           very
           few
           done
           out
           of
           the
           same
           Language
           can
           pretend
           to
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           extream
           Scarcity
           as
           well
           as
           
           Excellence
           of
           the
           Original
           ,
           there
           being
           (
           as
           far
           as
           I
           can
           inform
           my self
           )
           not
           above
           four
           or
           five
           of
           them
           in
           England
           .
           That
           very
           Book
           which
           my
           Friends
           and
           I
           made
           use
           of
           ,
           (
           for
           you
           must
           give
           me
           leave
           here
           to
           inform
           you
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           but
           a
           small
           share
           in
           this
           performance
           )
           and
           is
           now
           in
           the
           Possession
           of
           a
           Learned
           Gentleman
           ,
           had
           formerly
           passed
           the
           Hands
           of
           King
           Charles
           the
           Second
           ;
           for
           he
           having
           received
           a
           mighty
           Character
           of
           it
           ,
           was
           so
           impatient
           to
           read
           it
           over
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           not
           stay
           to
           be
           furnished
           with
           one
           of
           them
           from
           France
           ,
           but
           sent
           to
           borrow
           this
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Author
           ,
           though
           I
           ingenuously
           own
           that
           I
           am
           so
           uncharitable
           to
           his
           Country-men
           ,
           as
           to
           believe
           they
           are
           for
           the
           general
           part
           as
           unfit
           to
           write
           History
           as
           Dutch-men
           are
           to
           write
           Epic
           Poems
           (
           for
           Dutch
           Epic
           
           Poetry
           is
           down-right
           .
           History
           disguised
           with
           Metre
           ,
           and
           French
           History
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           Fiction
           will
           make
           it
           so
           ,
           is
           down-right
           Poetry
           ,
           )
           yet
           he
           has
           happily
           escaped
           the
           Genius
           of
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Nation
           ,
           who
           are
           so
           apt
           to
           run
           out
           into
           strange
           Love-adventures
           ,
           and
           other
           Chimera's
           even
           upon
           the
           most
           solemn
           occasions
           ,
           and
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           his
           Writings
           ,
           was
           a
           Person
           of
           great
           Quality
           ,
           Probity
           and
           Experience
           .
           If
           he
           has
           any
           fault
           't
           is
           this
           ,
           that
           he
           is
           now
           and
           then
           too
           much
           upon
           the
           Narrative
           ,
           but
           his
           Old-Age
           will
           excuse
           that
           Infirmity
           .
           As
           for
           the
           rest
           ,
           he
           was
           a
           passionate
           Lover
           of
           Truth
           ,
           and
           an
           Adorer
           of
           true
           Merit
           ,
           where-ever
           he
           found
           it
           ,
           whether
           in
           Catholic
           or
           Hugonot
           .
           Difference
           in
           Religion
           not
           being
           able
           to
           prepossess
           him
           to
           any
           Man's
           disadvantage
           ,
           if
           he
           were
           otherwise
           valuable
           .
           
           In
           short
           ,
           he
           has
           discovered
           several
           important
           Matters
           of
           State
           ,
           which
           ,
           till
           he
           revealed
           them
           ,
           were
           Mysteries
           to
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           I
           shall
           but
           do
           him
           justice
           when
           I
           say
           that
           he
           has
           joyned
           the
           unaffected
           Simplicity
           of
           
             Philip
             de
             Comines
          
           ,
           to
           the
           Veracity
           of
           the
           great
           Thuanus
           .
           The
           last
           Life
           has
           been
           done
           by
           a
           modern
           Hand
           ;
           but
           though
           it
           does
           not
           come
           up
           to
           the
           former
           ,
           seems
           to
           be
           written
           with
           great
           Impartiality
           and
           Freedom
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           thus
           given
           you
           a
           short
           Account
           of
           the
           Author
           :
           It
           now
           remains
           that
           I
           should
           conclude
           ,
           which
           I
           find
           I
           must
           do
           in
           a
           different
           manner
           from
           most
           Dedications
           :
           For
           whereas
           they
           generally
           end
           with
           some
           devout
           Wishes
           for
           the
           Person
           ,
           to
           whom
           they
           address
           ;
           you
           have
           been
           so
           eminently
           well
           treated
           both
           by
           Nature
           and
           Fortune
           ,
           that
           I
           can
           
           wish
           you
           nothing
           but
           what
           you
           possess
           already
           .
           Therefore
           not
           altogether
           to
           depart
           from
           so
           ancient
           and
           received
           a
           Custom
           ,
           I
           will
           pray
           ,
           but
           it
           shall
           be
           for
           my self
           ,
           who
           need
           it
           most
           .
           My
           first
           Petition
           is
           ,
           that
           you
           would
           be
           pleased
           to
           forgive
           all
           the
           defects
           in
           the
           Translation
           ,
           I
           mean
           in
           my
           own
           Part
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           my
           second
           ,
           that
           when
           your
           Candor
           has
           forgiven
           them
           ,
           you
           would
           once
           more
           employ
           it
           ,
           and
           pardorn
           this
           Presumption
           in
           ,
        
         
           
             Sir
             ,
          
           
             Your
             most
             Humble
             ,
             and
             Most
             Obliged
             Servant
             ,
             T.
             Brown.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           TABLE
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             DUke
             of
             Alva
             sent
             to
             succeed
             the
             Dutchess
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             
               Low
               Countreys
            
             ,
             page
             19.
             
             Establishes
             a
             Councel
             of
             Twelve
             ,
             called
             the
             
               Councel
               of
               Blood
            
             ,
             p.
             20
             ,
             21.
             
          
           
             The
             Arch-Duke
             Brother
             to
             the
             Emperour
             Rodolphus
             ,
             chosen
             Governour
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             ,
             p.
             64.
             
          
           
             Amsterdam
             surrendred
             to
             the
             States
             ,
             p.
             65.
             
          
           
             Duke
             of
             Anjou
             invited
             into
             Holland
             ,
             p.
             73.
             
             Retires
             into
             France
             ,
             and
             dies
             ,
             p.
             113.
             
          
           
             Arminius
             and
             Gomarus
             ,
             their
             Quarrel
             ,
             p.
             160
             ,
             161
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             BArnevelt's
             Story
             ,
             p.
             156
             ,
             157
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Bon
             besieged
             ,
             p.
             240
             ,
             241.
             
             And
             taken
             ,
             p.
             242.
             
          
           
             Marquess
             
               de
               Bellefonds
            
             ,
             banished
             by
             the
             
               French
               King
            
             ,
             p.
             251.
             
          
           
             Battle
             of
             Senef
             ,
             p.
             256.
             
          
        
         
           
             C.
             
          
           
             COligny
             (
             Gaspor
             de
             )
             His
             Character
             ,
             p.
             3.
             
          
           
             Coeverden
             lost
             ,
             p.
             231
             ,
             retaken
             ,
             p.
             232.
             
          
           
             Coligny
             (
             Lovise
             de
             )
             Her
             Life
             ,
             p.
             137.
             
          
           
             Cambray
             besieged
             and
             surrendred
             ,
             p.
             280.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             D.
             
          
           
             
               DOn
               Iohn
            
             of
             Austria
             ,
             made
             Governour
             of
             the
             
               Low
               Countreys
            
             ,
             p.
             57.
             
             His
             Story
             ,
             p.
             58
             ,
             59
             ,
             &c.
             
             Surprises
             the
             Castle
             of
             Namur
             ,
             and
             Charlemont
             ,
             p.
             61.
             
             Defeats
             the
             Army
             of
             the
             States
             at
             Gemblours
             ,
             p.
             65.
             
             Dies
             of
             Grief
             ,
             p.
             67.
             
          
        
         
           
             E.
             
          
           
             COunts
             Egmont
             and
             Horn
             Executed
             ,
             p.
             20.
             
             Q.
             Elizabeth
             loved
             to
             be
             thought
             handsome
             ,
             p.
             153
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             F.
             
          
           
             
               FRench
               King
            
             almost
             over-runs
             the
             United
             Provinces
             ,
             p.
             214.
             
          
        
         
           
             G.
             
          
           
             CArdinal
             Granville
             ,
             his
             Character
             and
             Story
             ,
             p.
             14
             ,
             15
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Name
             of
             Gueux
             (
             or
             Beggars
             )
             whence
             the
             Rise
             ,
             p.
             17.
             
          
           
             Grave
             besieged
             ,
             p.
             265.
             and
             taken
             ,
             p.
             269.
             
          
           
             Ghent
             taken
             ,
             p.
             291.
             
          
        
         
           
             H.
             
          
           
             HAerlem
             taken
             by
             Famine
             ,
             p.
             42.
             
          
           
             
               Henry
               Frederick
            
             born
             ,
             p.
             114.
             
             His
             Life
             ,
             p.
             177
             ,
             &c.
             
             His
             Children
             ,
             p.
             178.
             
          
        
         
           
             I.
             
          
           
             INquisition
             declares
             those
             guilty
             of
             High-Treason
             ,
             who
             had
             not
             opposed
             the
             Hereticks
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             ,
             p.
             19.
             
          
           
             Ipres
             taken
             ,
             p.
             291.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             L.
             
          
           
             COunt
             Lodovick
             ,
             &c.
             presents
             a
             Petition
             to
             the
             Governess
             of
             the
             
               Low
               Countreys
            
             ,
             against
             the
             Inquisition
             ,
             New
             Bishops
             ,
             &c.
             which
             at
             first
             is
             slighted
             ,
             p.
             17
             ,
             18
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Lewis
               de
               Requesens
            
             made
             Governour
             in
             the
             place
             of
             the
             
               Duke
               of
               Alva
            
             ,
             p.
             44.
             
          
           
             Leyden
             relieved
             by
             breaking
             down
             the
             Dykes
             ,
             p.
             45
             ,
             46.
             and
             the
             University
             settled
             there
             ,
             p.
             47.
             
          
        
         
           
             M.
             
          
           
             MArgaret
             of
             Austria
             ,
             made
             absolute
             Governess
             of
             the
             
               Low
               Countreys
            
             ,
             with
             Orders
             to
             Establish
             the
             Spanish
             Inquisition
             ,
             and
             several
             new
             Bishopricks
             in
             the
             Netherlands
             ,
             p.
             14.
             
          
           
             Mons
             surprised
             ,
             p.
             32.
             and
             retaken
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             p.
             34.
             
          
           
             Count
             
               de
               la
               Mark
            
             ,
             takes
             the
             Brill
             with
             several
             other
             Cities
             ,
             p.
             36.
             
          
           
             Middburg
             taken
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             p.
             44.
             
          
           
             Maurier
             traduced
             at
             the
             French
             Court
             ,
             &c.
             p.
             120
             ,
             121
             ,
             122.
             
          
           
             Maurice
             Prince
             of
             Orange
             ,
             his
             Character
             ,
             p.
             125.
             raises
             the
             Siege
             of
             
               Berghen
               ap
               Zoom
            
             ,
             p.
             129
             and
             140.
             takes
             Breda
             ,
             p.
             130.
             and
             Sluise
             ,
             p.
             134.
             defeats
             Arch
             Duke
             Albert
             ,
             p.
             135.
             and
             the
             Lord
             
               de
               Balancon
            
             ,
             p.
             138.
             his
             Description
             ,
             p.
             148
             ,
             149
             ,
             150
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Maestricht
             besieged
             by
             the
             French
             ,
             p.
             235.
             and
             taken
             ,
             p.
             236.
             
          
           
             Mansfeld's
             Story
             and
             Character
             ,
             p.
             141
             ,
             142
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
           
           
           
        
         
           
           
             N.
             
          
           
             NArses
             (
             the
             Eunuch
             )
             his
             Story
             ,
             p.
             8.
             
             House
             of
             Nassau
             their
             Genealogy
             ,
             p.
             9
             ,
             10
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Netherlands
             demanded
             to
             have
             all
             the
             
               '
               Spanish
            
             Forces
             drawn
             out
             of
             the
             
               Low
               Countreys
            
             ,
             p.
             14.
             
          
           
             Nimighen
             Treaty
             ,
             p.
             273.
             
          
        
         
           
             O.
             
          
           
             OStend
             taken
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             p.
             134.
             
             St.
             Omers
             surrendred
             to
             the
             French
             ,
             p.
             285.
             
          
        
         
           
             P.
             
          
           
             KIng
             Philip
             the
             Cause
             of
             the
             Disorders
             in
             the
             
               Low
               Countreys
            
             ,
             p.
             8.
             
             His
             Description
             ,
             p
             13
             ,
             14
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Perpetual
             Edict
             concluded
             between
             the
             States
             and
             
               Don
               Iohn
            
             of
             Austria
             ,
             p.
             60.
             
          
           
             Prince
             of
             Parma
             made
             Governour
             of
             the
             
               Low
               Countreys
            
             ,
             p.
             68.
             
          
           
             King
             Philip
             published
             a
             Prescription
             against
             the
             Prince
             of
             Orange
             ,
             p.
             74.
             
          
           
             
               Philip
               William
            
             of
             Nassau
             ,
             his
             Life
             ,
             p.
             115.
             taken
             by
             force
             out
             of
             the
             Colledge
             of
             Lovaine
             by
             King
             Philip
             ,
             p.
             115.
             shut
             up
             in
             a
             Castle
             in
             Spain
             at
             13
             Years
             Old
             ,
             p.
             116.
             released
             ,
             and
             sent
             to
             bring
             the
             
               Infanta
               Isabella
            
             into
             the
             
               Low
               Countreys
            
             ,
             p.
             117.
             marries
             Eleanor
             of
             Bourbon
             ,
             p.
             118.
             
          
        
         
           
             S.
             
          
           
             
               STates
               General
            
             Consent
             to
             a
             Toleration
             of
             both
             Religions
             ,
             p.
             66.
             
             Request
             the
             Duke
             
             of
             Anjou
             and
             Alemon
             to
             be
             their
             Lord
             and
             Protector
             ,
             p.
             73.
             
          
        
         
           
             T.
             
          
           
             Treaty
             of
             Peace
             set
             on
             foot
             at
             Breda
             ,
             p.
             48.
             
          
           
             Treaty
             of
             Peace
             at
             Ghent
             ,
             p.
             50
             ,
             51
             ,
             
               &
               ●
            
             .
          
           
             Treaty
             of
             Peace
             at
             Nimighen
             concluded
             ,
             p.
             297.
             
          
        
         
           
             V.
             
          
           
             MArquess
             Vitelli
             ,
             his
             Character
             and
             Epitaph
             ,
             p.
             28.
             
          
           
             Valenciennes
             taken
             by
             the
             French
             ,
             p.
             279.
             
          
        
         
           
             W.
             
          
           
             WIlliam
             the
             First
             of
             Nassau
             his
             Birth
             ,
             p.
             3.
             the
             Favours
             show'd
             him
             by
             Charles
             5th
             ,
             p.
             4.
             made
             Generalissimo
             at
             22
             Years
             Old
             ,
             p.
             5.
             builds
             Charlemont
             ,
             and
             Philipville
             ,
             p.
             5.
             supports
             the
             Emperour
             at
             the
             Resignation
             of
             his
             Empire
             ,
             and
             is
             recommended
             by
             him
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             p.
             6.
             his
             Description
             ,
             p.
             12.
             
             Retires
             into
             Germany
             ,
             p.
             19.
             
             Raises
             an
             Army
             there
             ,
             which
             is
             defeated
             near
             the
             River
             Ems
             ,
             p.
             24.
             
             Raises
             another
             of
             Twenty
             Four
             Thousand
             German
             Horse
             and
             Foot
             ,
             p.
             25.
             which
             refusing
             to
             follow
             him
             into
             France
             to
             assist
             the
             Hugonots
             ,
             he
             disbands
             ,
             p.
             27.
             
             Enters
             the
             Low
             Countreys
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             ,
             and
             is
             received
             into
             
               Ruremond
               ,
               Malines
            
             ,
             &c.
             p.
             33.
             
             Acknowledg'd
             Governour
             of
             
               Holland
               ,
               Zealand
            
             ,
             &c.
             by
             the
             States
             ,
             p.
             38.
             banishes
             the
             Romish
             Ceremonies
             
             out
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             p.
             39.
             received
             into
             Brussels
             in
             great
             Triumph
             ,
             p.
             62.
             lays
             the
             Common-Wealth
             of
             the
             
               United
               Provinces
            
             ,
             p.
             68.
             publishes
             his
             Apology
             against
             King
             Philip's
             Prescription
             ,
             p.
             75
             ,
             76
             ,
             77
             ,
             &c.
             
             Marries
             Lovise
             de
             Coligny
             ,
             p.
             113.
             killed
             at
             Delft
             ,
             p.
             115.
             his
             Funeral
             ,
             p.
             119.
             
          
           
             William
             Count
             
               de
               Buren
            
             ,
             Eldest
             Son
             to
             Prince
             William
             ,
             seized
             at
             the
             Colledge
             of
             Lovain
             ,
             and
             carried
             Prisoner
             to
             Spain
             ,
             p.
             23.
             
          
           
             
               William
               Henry
            
             of
             Nassau
             ,
             his
             Birth
             ,
             p.
             211.
             deprived
             of
             the
             Offices
             belonging
             to
             his
             Family
             ,
             p.
             212.
             chose
             General
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             p.
             215.
             and
             restored
             to
             all
             the
             other
             Commands
             belonging
             to
             him
             ,
             which
             
               Cornelius
               de
               Witt
            
             opposes
             ,
             p.
             220.
             
             Prince
             William
             takes
             Naerden
             ,
             p.
             237.
             falls
             sick
             of
             the
             Small-pox
             ,
             and
             recovers
             ,
             p.
             270.
             besieges
             Maestricht
             ,
             p.
             275.
             and
             raises
             it
             ,
             p.
             277.
             
             Marries
             the
             Princess
             Mary
             ,
             p.
             288.
             
             Attacks
             ,
             and
             almost
             Routs
             Luxemburgh
             near
             Mons
             ,
             p.
             298.
             
          
           
             Cornelius
             de
             Witt
             ,
             and
             his
             Brother
             killed
             ,
             p.
             224.
             
          
           
             William
             the
             Second
             born
             ,
             p.
             203.
             besieges
             Amsterdam
             ,
             p.
             206.
             dies
             of
             the
             Small-pox
             ,
             208.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Author's
           Preface
           .
        
         
           
             THE
             Reader
             ,
             whoever
             he
             is
             ,
             must
             not
             expest
             in
             these
          
           Memoirs
           ,
           
             to
             find
             a
             gay
             ,
             or
             rather
             an
             impertinent
             Discourse
             ,
             fill●d
             with
          
           New
           Terms
           ,
           
             which
             some
             presumptuous
          
           little
           Authors
           ,
           
             who
             mind
             nothing
             but
             bare
             words
             ,
             call
          
           fine
           Language
           .
           
             These
             people
             are
             to
             understand
             that
             I
             was
             never
             bred
             at
             a
          
           Colledge
           ,
           
             and
             that
             the
          
           little
           Skill
           
             I
             have
             in
          
           Languages
           
             I
             receiv'd
             from
             Masters
             at
             home
             ,
             or
             from
             common
             use
             in
             Conversation
             .
             I
             never
             read
             one
             single
             Line
             of
          
           Priscian
           ,
           
             or
             of
             any
             other
          
           Grammarian
           .
           Their
           Lexicons
           ,
           
             and
             their
          
           Syntaxes
           ,
           
             which
             my
             Father
             was
             used
             to
             call
             ,
          
           The
           Plague
           of
           Youth
           ,
           
             are
             as
             much
             unknown
             to
             me
             as
             the
          
           Isle
           of
           Pines
           .
           
             I
             never
             was
             able
             to
             comprehend
             what
             a
          
           Gerund
           
             or
             a
          
           Supin
           
             meant
             ,
             and
             though
             perhaps
             I
             use
             them
             upon
             occasion
             ,
             I
             neither
             know
             how
             to
             define
             or
             
             describe
             them
             .
             I
             have
             not
             without
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             pleasure
             read
             the
          
           Quintus
           Curtius
           of
           Monsieur
           de
           Vaugclas
           ,
           
             whose
             solid
             Vertue
             ,
             and
             extraordinary
             Sweetness
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             his
             inviolable
             Fidelity
             to
             his
             Friends
             ,
             I
             esteem
             ;
             although
             I
             was
             never
             able
             to
             edify
             much
             by
             his
          
           Remarks
           
             upon
             our
             Language
             .
             And
             ,
             what
             is
             more
             than
             all
             this
             ,
             having
             had
             the
             misfortune
             to
             debauch
             my
             own
             Natural
             Language
             ,
             during
             my
             long
             abode
             in
             Forreign
             Countries
             ,
             where
             I
             was
             bred
             ;
             as
             also
             by
             my
             long
             stay
             at
          
           Mayne
           ,
           
             where
             their
             Language
             is
             extreamly
             vitious
             ;
             and
             thinking
             it
             not
             worth
             the
             while
             to
             spend
             money
             to
             no
             purpose
             at
             Court
             ,
             and
             to
             feed
             my self
             with
             Vain
             Expectations
             ,
             my
             Reader
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             surpris'd
             if
             he
             meets
             in
             this
             Work
             some
             terms
             and
             manners
             of
             speaking
             that
             have
             not
             receiv'd
             the
             Approbation
             of
             our
          
           Modern
           Criticks
           ,
           
             who
             make
             no
             Scruple
             to
             condemn
             a
             good
             Book
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             one
             word
             which
             they
             have
             banished
             out
             of
             conversation
             ,
             or
             an
             Expression
             which
             does
             not
             carry
             with
             it
             (
             to
             use
             the
             stile
             of
             these
             Foplings
             )
          
           the
           delicacy
           of
           Language
           .
        
         
           
             Therefore
             I
             humbly
             desire
             these
             Gentlemen
             to
             〈◊〉
             me
             alone
             ,
             since
             I
             have
             been
             so
             ingenuous
             as
             to
             lay
             open
             my
             Infirmities
             before
             them
             ;
             and
             by
             way
             of
             Requital
             ,
             I
             here
             give
             them
             full
             possession
             of
             the
          
           Eight
           Parts
           of
           Speech
           ,
           all
           the
           Grammars
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Dictionaries
           ,
           with
           all
           Remarks
           and
           Observations
           
             whatsoever
             ,
             upon
             Languages
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             upon
             this
             condition
             ,
             
             that
             they
             'll
             leave
             things
             that
             are
             above
             their
             capacity
             to
             persons
             of
             better
             Iudgment
             and
             Experience
             .
             For
             to
             deal
             plainly
             with
             them
             ,
             It
             's
             a
             sad
             but
             a
             certain
             Truth
             ,
             that
             these
          
           Coyners
           ,
           and
           Admirers
           of
           New
           Words
           
             can
             attribute
             no
             other
             sort
             of
             merit
             to
             themselves
             ,
             than
             what
             belongs
             to
             those
          
           Mechanicks
           
             that
             make
             good
             Tools
             ,
             by
             the
             help
             of
             which
             excellent
             Statuaries
             form
             admirable
             Statues
             ,
             and
             famous
             Architects
             erect
             Noble
             Structures
             .
          
        
         
           
             For
             my
             own
             part
             ,
             I
             have
             a
             great
             Respect
             for
             those
             people
             that
             can
             speak
             regularly
             and
             justly
             upon
             all
             Occasions
             ,
             but
             I
             cannot
             endure
             those
          
           Vain
           glorious
           ●…sops
           ,
           those
           Would-be-Criticks
           ,
           
             who
             in
             the
          
           Ruels
           of
           Ladies
           
             use
             to
             damn
             the
             best
             Compositions
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             all
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             one
             Term
             or
             Phrase
             that
             has
             the
          
           ill
           luck
           to
           displease
           them
           .
           
             I
             would
             not
             have
             so
          
           wild
           an
           Inference
           
             drawn
             from
             this
             ,
             as
             if
             I
             were
             of
             Opinion
             that
             't
             is
             impossible
             for
             a
             man
             to
             write
          
           solidly
           and
           politely
           
             at
             the
             same
             time
             .
             No
             ,
             I
             have
             more
             Sense
             than
             that
             comes
             to
             ,
             and
             preserve
             as
             great
             a
             Veneration
             for
             those
          
           Illustrious
           Persons
           
             that
             possess
          
           both
           these
           Talents
           ,
           
             as
             I
             have
             an
          
           Aversion
           and
           Contempt
           
             for
             those
          
           puny
           Grammarians
           
             that
             are
             made
             up
             of
             nothing
             but
          
           Pride
           and
           Insolence
           .
        
         
           
             'T
             is
             not
             for
             such
          
           unthinking
           Insects
           
             as
             these
             to
             judge
             of
             an
             History
             .
             If
             I
             had
             the
             ambition
             to
             desire
             fit
             and
             competent
             Iudges
             for
             these
          
           Memoirs
           ,
           
             I
             should
             wish
             that
             the
             Famous
             
             President
          
           de
           Thou
           ,
           
             and
             those
             celebrated
             Brothers
             the
          
           Messieurs
           du
           Puy
           ,
           
             and
             that
             the
             President
          
           Ardier
           
             might
             come
             again
             into
             the
             World.
             The
             latter
             of
             these
             was
             a
             long
             time
          
           Secretary
           of
           State
           
             under
             Mr.
          
           d'
           Herbaut
           ,
           
             his
             Unkle
             .
             His
             Dispatches
             were
             so
             Natural
             ,
             but
             at
             the
             same
             time
             so
             strong
             and
             Masculine
             ,
             as
             were
             all
             the
             publick
             Declarations
             that
             pass'd
             under
             his
             hands
             ;
             That
             Mr.
          
           Conrait
           ,
           
             a
             man
             generally
             esteem'd
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             who
             knew
             the
             Value
             of
             Things
             extreamly
             well
             ,
             has
             told
             me
             several
             times
             ,
             more
             than
             Thirty
             Years
             ago
             ,
          
           That
           the
           Kings
           of
           France
           ceased
           to
           speak
           with
           a
           Majesty
           befitting
           their
           Empire
           ,
           ever
           since
           they
           did
           not
           explain
           themselves
           by
           the
           Pen
           of
           Mr.
           
             Ardrier
             .
             I
             shall
             forbear
             to
             speak
             more
             largely
             of
             this
             Illustrious
             Man
             ,
             who
             was
             a
             singular
             Friend
             of
             mine
             ,
             and
             to
             whom
             I
             have
             Infinite
             Obligations
             ,
             till
             I
             meet
             with
             a
             fitter
             Opportunity
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             greatest
             part
             of
             those
             Histories
             that
             have
             appeared
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             are
             properly
             speaking
             ,
             nothing
             else
             but
             so
             many
          
           Panegyricks
           
             composed
             by
             Interessed
             Hands
             ,
             that
             elevate
          
           Vice
           and
           Iniquity
           to
           the
           Heavens
           .
           
             Of
             this
             Character
             are
             the
             Works
             of
          
           Paterculus
           and
           Machiavel
           ,
           
             who
             propose
          
           Tiberius
           ,
           and
           Caesar
           Borgia
           ,
           
             that
             in
          
           True
           History
           
             were
             downright
          
           Monsters
           ,
           as
           Examples
           fit
           to
           be
           imitated
           .
           
             Directly
             opposite
             to
             these
          
           Retailers
           of
           Unjust
           Commendations
           
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             people
             that
             deal
             in
          
           Pasquils
           ,
           
             and
             yet
             have
             the
             Impudence
             
             to
             stile
             themselves
          
           Historians
           .
           
             These
             mercenary
             ,
             or
             partial
             creatures
             ,
             make
             no
             conscience
             to
          
           attack
           Vertue
           it self
           ,
           
             and
             have
             frequently
             represented
             the
             most
             excellent
             Princes
             that
             ever
             wore
             a
             Crown
             ,
             as
          
           Tyrants
           and
           Wicked
           Persons
           :
           
             Witness
             so
             many
          
           Histories
           ,
           
             and
             so
             many
             Printed
          
           Satyrs
           
             of
             the
          
           Huguenots
           upon
           Catholick
           Princes
           ,
           
             and
             among
             the
             rest
             upon
          
           Francis
           of
           Lorrain
           ,
           
             Duke
             of
          
           Guise
           ,
           
             for
             no
             other
             Reason
             but
             because
             that
             excellent
             General
             made
             War
             against
             them
             .
             Witness
             so
             many
             Cart-loads
             of
          
           scurrilous
           Invectives
           
             composed
             by
          
           Monks
           ,
           
             and
             other
          
           Superstitious
           Catholicks
           against
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           of
           England
           ,
           
             the
             most
             glorious
             Princess
             that
             ever
             wielded
             a
          
           Scepter
           .
           
             For
             to
             these
             hot-headed
             passionate
          
           Bigots
           
             't
             is
             sufficient
             for
             you
             to
             be
             of
             a
             Party
             ,
             or
             of
             a
             Religion
             contrary
             to
             theirs
             ,
             to
             be
             defamed
             ,
             condemned
             ;
             and
             pursued
             with
             a
          
           Thousand
           Calumnies
           .
        
         
           These
           ridiculous
           Monsters
           
             vainly
             endeavour
             to
             render
             Queen
          
           Elizabeth
           
             odious
             and
             execrable
             to
             all
             posterity
             ,
             for
             putting
          
           Mary
           
             Queen
             of
          
           Scots
           
             to
             Death
             ,
             although
             't
             is
             a
             notorious
          
           Truth
           ,
           
             that
             the
             above-mentioned
             Unhappy
             Princess
             was
             of
             so
             unquiet
             and
             turbulent
             a
             Spirit
             ,
             that
             she
             could
             not
             forbear
             to
             embarras
             her self
             with
             Q.
          
           Elizabeth
           ,
           
             who
             was
             much
             more
             powerful
             than
             her self
             ;
             and
             by
             that
             Ill
             advised
          
           Conduct
           
             was
             the
             occasion
             of
             her
             own
          
           Ruine
           .
           
             The
             Truth
             of
             this
             Assertion
             cannot
             be
             called
             in
             question
             ,
             as
             being
             confirmed
             by
             the
             Testimony
             
             of
          
           Monsieur
           de
           Castelnau
           ,
           
             Intendant
             of
             her
             Affairs
             in
          
           France
           ,
           
             and
             Ambassadour
             in
          
           England
           ,
           
             who
             tells
             us
             in
             his
          
           Memoirs
           ,
           
             that
             she
             ow'd
             this
             Ill-management
             to
             the
          
           Cardinal
           of
           Lorrain
           ,
           
             his
             Uncle
             .
             Nay
             ,
             after
             she
             was
             Prisoner
             in
          
           Eng●…and
           ,
           
             she
             continued
             to
             keep
             a
             correspondence
             with
             the
             Male-content
             party
             there
             ,
             who
             endeavour'd
             to
             disturb
             the
             Repose
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             to
             attempt
             the
             Life
             of
             Q.
          
           Elizabeth
           .
           
             Which
             obliged
             her
             to
             bring
             her
             to
             a
             Tryal
             where
             she
             was
             condemned
             by
             more
             than
          
           Forty
           Judges
           ,
           
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             them
             consisting
             of
          
           Earls
           ,
           Barons
           ,
           Peers
           of
           England
           ,
           Officers
           of
           the
           Crown
           and
           Members
           of
           Parliament
           .
           
             Notwithstanding
             all
             this
             ,
             her
          
           Sentence
           was
           for
           a
           long
           time
           respited
           ,
           
             and
             Q.
          
           Elizabeth
           
             had
             never
             dared
             to
             execute
             her
             ,
             if
             she
             had
             not
             been
             persuaded
             to
             it
             by
          
           France
           .
           
             For
             I
             have
             heard
             my
             Father
             say
             ,
          
           That
           both
           Friends
           and
           Enemies
           concurred
           ,
           out
           of
           different
           Views
           ,
           and
           Interests
           ,
           to
           bring
           that
           unfortunate
           Princess
           to
           the
           Block
           .
           Monsieur
           de
           Bellievre
           ,
           
             who
             was
             sent
          
           Envoy
           Extraordinary
           into
           England
           ,
           
             in
             appearance
             to
             solicit
             for
             the
          
           Life
           
             of
             this
             poor
          
           Queen
           ;
           
             for
             which
             purpose
             he
             carried
             large
             Instructions
             with
             him
             ,
             told
             him
             ,
          
           That
           he
           had
           quite
           contrary
           Orders
           under
           Henry
           the
           Third's
           Hand
           ,
           to
           perswade
           Q
           Elizabeth
           to
           behead
           this
           Common
           Enemy
           both
           of
           their
           Persons
           
           and
           Kingdoms
           .
           
             All
             which
             the
          
           King
           
             was
             forced
             to
             do
             out
             of
             an
             apprehension
             ,
             that
             if
          
           Mary
           Stuart
           ,
           
             who
             was
             not
             only
             Heir
             to
             Q.
          
           Elizabeth
           ,
           
           
             but
             much
             younger
             than
             she
             ,
             should
             come
             to
             succeed
             her
             ;
             the
          
           Guises
           ,
           
             her
             Relations
             ,
             who
             Govern'd
             her
             absolutely
             ,
             and
             who
             by
             their
             great
             Number
             of
             Creatures
             made
             his
             Crown
             shake
             already
             at
             home
             ,
             being
             supported
             by
             the
             united
             power
             of
          
           England
           ,
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           
             would
             in
             the
             conclusion
             make
             a
             second
          
           Childeric
           
             of
             him
             .
             For
             those
             of
             the
          
           League
           
             had
             the
             Insolence
             to
             change
             the
             King's
             Device
             ,
             which
             was
          
           Manet
           ultima
           Coelo
           ,
           into
           Manet
           ultima
           Claustro
           .
           
             The
             King's
             meaning
             was
          
           ,
           That
           after
           he
           had
           enjoy'd
           upon
           Earth
           the
           Crowns
           of
           France
           and
           Poland
           ,
           he
           hoped
           he
           should
           wear
           a
           Third
           in
           Heaven
           .
           
             But
             these
             of
             the
          
           League
           
             publickly
             declared
          
           ,
           That
           they
           would
           bestow
           a
           Third
           Crown
           upon
           him
           in
           a
           Cloyster
           .
           
             And
             as
             a
             Learned
             Gentleman
             of
             that
             Age
             had
             enlarged
             upon
             the
             King's
             Device
             in
             this
             fine
          
           Hexameter
           ,
           
             
               Qui
               deditante
               duas
               ,
               triplicem
               dabit
               ille
               Coronam
            
          
        
         
           
             The
             Fury
             of
             the
          
           Leaguers
           
             thus
             paraphrased
             it
             in
             the
             following
             Distick
             .
          
           
             
               Qui
               deditante
               duas
               ,
               unam
               abstulit
               ,
               altera
               nutat
               ,
            
             
               Tertia
               tonsoris
               est
               facienda
               manu
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Besides
             this
             in
             a
             private
             Cabal
             held
             by
             those
             of
             that
             party
             ,
             where
             this
             Execrable
             Design
             was
             proposed
             ,
             it
             hapning
             that
             one
             in
             the
             compan●…
             ,
             
             who
             was
             more
             moderate
             than
             the
             rest
             ,
             demanded
             ,
          
           Who
           should
           be
           the
           Man
           that
           durst
           put
           the
           King
           in
           a
           Cloyster
           ?
           
             The
             Cardinal
             of
          
           Guise
           ,
           
             who
             was
             of
             a
             hot
             fiery
             constitution
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             reproached
             him
             for
             his
             faint
             ●…eartedness
             ,
             roundly
             told
             him
             ,
          
           That
           were
           the
           King
           in
           his
           hands
           ,
           he
           would
           for
           his
           head
           between
           his
           knees
           ,
           and
           immediately
           make
           him
           a
           Monk's
           Crown
           with
           the
           point
           of
           a
           Poiniard
           .
           
             An
             A●…r
             〈◊〉
             cost
             him
             very
             dear
             ;
             for
             after
          
           Henry
           III
           
             had
             caus'd
          
           Monsieur
           de
           Guise
           ,
           
             his
             Brother
             ,
             to
             be
             executed
             ,
             and
             was
             considering
             with
             himself
             what
             he
             should
             do
             with
             the
          
           Cardinal
           ,
           
             whom
             he
             had
             order'd
             to
             be
             apprehended
             :
             Col.
          
           Alphonso
           d'
           Ornano
           ,
           
             Father
             to
             the
             Mareschal
             of
             that
             Name
             ,
             having
             put
             him
             in
             mind
             of
             these
             cruel
             words
             ,
             and
             remonstrated
             to
             him
             ,
          
           That
           the
           living
           Brother
           was
           infinitely
           more
           dangerous
           than
           he
           that
           was
           now
           dead
           ,
           had
           ever
           been
           ;
           
             the
             King
             swore
             he
             should
             dye
             ,
             and
             immediately
             sent
          
           Monsieur
           de
           Gaast
           ,
           
             Captain
             of
             the
             Guards
             ,
             with
             positive
             Orders
             to
             dispatch
             him
             .
          
        
         
           
             This
             secret
             Solicitation
             of
          
           Henry
           III.
           against
           Mary
           Stuart
           ,
           
             his
             own
             Sister
             in
             Law
             ,
             Queen
             of
          
           Scotland
           ,
           
             and
             Dowager
             of
          
           France
           ,
           
             makes
             it
             appear
             ,
             That
             to
             preserve
             our selves
             we
             often
             sacrifice
             our
             Allies
             and
             Relations
             ,
             and
             even
          
           Religion
           it self
           
             to
             Interest
             ,
             and
             Reason
             of
             State.
             Witness
             what
             the
             aforesaid
             Q.
          
           Elizabeth
           
             heretofore
             told
             my
             Father
          
           ,
           That
           she
           held
           her
           Life
           by
           the
           Courtesie
           of
           King
           Philip
           II.
           
           her
           Brother
           in
           Law
           ,
           although
           he
           was
           the
           greatest
           Enemy
           she
           had
           .
           
             Upon
             this
             consideration
             she
             kept
             his
             Picture
             in
             her
             Bed-chamber
             ,
             and
             made
             him
             be
             looked
             upon
             by
             all
             the
             World
             as
             her
             Saviour
             .
             And
             in
             effect
             he
             hinder'd
             her
             Sister
          
           Mary
           
             from
             putting
             her
             to
             death
             .
             For
             Q.
          
           Mary
           ,
           
             Second
             Wife
             to
             K.
          
           Philip
           ,
           
             being
             a
             great
          
           Catholic
           ,
           
             and
             very
             infirm
             ,
             had
             reason
             to
             fear
             that
             her
             Sister
          
           Elizabeth
           ,
           
             who
             was
             a
             Protestant
             ,
             when
             she
             came
             to
             succeed
             her
             ,
             would
             banish
             the
          
           Catholic
           Religion
           
             out
             of
          
           England
           ,
           the●…ower
           ●…ower
           of
           London
           .
           
             But.
             K.
          
           Philip
           
             o●…d
             the
             motion
             with
             all
             his
             power
             ,
             fearing
             lest
          
           Mary
           Stuart
           ,
           
             Heir
             to
             Q.
          
           Elizabeth
           ,
           
             who
             then
             was
             marry'd
             to
             K.
          
           Francis
           II.
           
             should
             one
             day
             beco●…
             Queen
             of
          
           Great
           Britain
           ,
           
             by
             Right
             of
             Succession
             and
             joyning
             it
             to
          
           France
           ,
           
             as
             it
             would
             unque●…ionably
             happen
             if
             she
             had
             any
             children
             ,
             by
             t●…e
             Union
             of
             so
             many
             Kingdoms
             ,
             a
             formidable
             power
             would
             be
             erected
             ,
             that
             would
             u●…erly
             ruin
             and
             confound
             his
             vast
             design
             of
             an
             Universal
             Monarchy
             .
          
        
         
           
             At
             this
             very
             juncture
             the
          
           Spaniards
           
             make
             Religion
             truckle
             to
             Interest
             ;
             and
             those
             Grave
             Gentlemen
             who
             have
             so
             often
             in
             their
             Writings
             reproached
             us
             for
             our
             Alliances
             with
             Hereticks
             ,
             and
             particularly
             with
          
           Holland
           and
           Sweden
           ,
           
             in
             order
             to
             recommend
             themselves
             with
             a
             better
             grace
             to
             the
             Court
             of
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             at
             present
             look
             upon
             the
          
           Hollanders
           
             as
             the
             greatest
             support
             
             of
             their
             Monarchy
             ,
             permitting
             them
             to
             preach
             publickly
             in
             their
             Cities
             ;
             Nay
             ,
             to
             show
             what
             a
             consideration
             they
             have
             for
             these
             people
             ,
             Admiral
          
           d'Ruyter
           ,
           
             a
             little
             before
             his
             death
             ,
             got
             a
             great
             Number
             of
          
           Hungarian
           Ministers
           
             to
             be
             released
             out
             of
             the
             Gallys
             of
          
           Naples
           ,
           
             whither
             the
          
           Emperour
           
             had
             sent
             them
             ,
             at
             one
             word's
             speaking
             to
             the
             Marquiss
          
           de
           Los-Velez
           ,
           the
           Viceroy
           .
        
         
           
             Thus
             any
             body
             may
             perceive
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             Interest
             only
             that
             governs
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             that
             a
             great
             Captain
             had
             reason
             to
             say
             ,
          
           That
           Princes
           commanded
           the
           People
           ,
           but
           that
           Interest
           commanded
           Princes
           :
           
             Which
             is
             so
             palpable
             ,
             so
             apparent
             a
             Truth
             ,
             that
             the
             most
             sacred
             things
             among
             men
             ,
             have
             been
             often
             devoted
             to
             this
             wicked
             principle
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
          
           Crown'd
           Heads
           
             observe
             the
             Rules
             of
             Iustice
             and
             Religion
             no
             farther
             ,
             than
             they
             find
             them
             consistent
             with
             their
             dearly
             beloved
             Interest
             .
          
        
         
           
             As
             for
             what
             remains
             ,
             if
             any
             scrupulous
             person
             shall
             think
             sit
             to
             quarrel
             with
             my
          
           Memoirs
           
             for
             comparing
          
           William
           
             Prince
             of
          
           Orange
           
             and
             Admiral
          
           Colligny
           ,
           
             who
             were
             both
             Hereticks
             ,
             and
             both
             Rebels
             ,
             to
             the
             greatest
          
           Heroes
           
             of
             Antiquity
             ,
             yet
             I
             would
             not
             have
             him
             conclude
             that
             I
             have
             the
             least
             leaning
             towards
          
           Heresy
           and
           Rebellion
           ,
           
             to
             which
             I
             have
             an
             equal
             Aversion
             .
             My
             meaning
             is
             ,
             That
             it
             is
             a
             Sign
             of
             as
             much
             ,
             if
             not
             more
             Vertue
             ,
             to
             make
             ones
             self
             a
             Prince
             of
             a
             private
             person
             ;
             than
             to
             be
             one
             ,
             and
             being
             
             weak
             ,
             to
             resist
             mighty
             powers
             ;
             than
             to
             gain
             Batles
             ,
             being
             born
             to
             a
             Scepter
             ,
             as
          
           Alexander
           and
           Gustavus
           Adolphus
           
             were
             .
             Kings
             owe
             their
             Victories
             to
             the
             Valour
             of
             their
             Captains
             and
             Troops
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             to
             the
             Winds
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Sun
             ;
             that
             is
             ,
             to
             meer
             Fortune
             .
             Thus
          
           Cicero
           
             speaking
             to
          
           Caesar
           ,
           
             tells
             him
             ,
             That
             he
             acquired
             more
             glory
             in
             pardoning
          
           Marcellus
           ,
           
             and
             restoring
             his
             Enemy
             to
             his
             Estate
             and
             Dignities
             ,
             than
             if
             he
             had
             gained
             a
             great
             many
             Battels
             ,
             because
             his
             Soldiers
             and
             Officers
             would
             attribute
             the
             principal
             honour
             of
             it
             to
             themselves
             :
             and
             for
             an
             undeniable
             Argument
             ,
          
           That
           the
           gaining
           of
           a
           Battle
           is
           owine
           to
           the
           Experience
           and
           Courage
           of
           the
           Soldery
           .
           
             the
             Prince
             of
          
           Conde
           ,
           
             who
             had
             as
             much
             personal
             Bravery
             as
             ever
             any
             man
             in
             the
             World
             had
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             defeated
             at
          
           Rocroy
           
             the
             old
             disciplined
             Regiments
             of
             the
          
           Low-Countries
           ,
           
             and
             those
             of
             the
             Empire
             at
          
           Nordlingue
           .
           
             durst
             not
             appear
             in
          
           Guyenne
           
             before
             the
             Count
             of
          
           Harcourt
           ,
           
             who
             had
             but
             a
             small
             Body
             of
             old
             experienced
             Troops
             with
             him
             ,
             altho
             the
          
           Prince
           
             had
             twice
             the
             Number
             of
             New
             raised
             men
             .
          
        
         
           
             Difference
             in
             Religion
             ought
             not
             to
             diminish
             our
             Esteem
             of
             any
             man.
             We
             have
             seen
             several
             good
          
           Catholicks
           
             of
             very
             shallow
             Understandings
             ;
             as
             for
             Instance
             ,
             the
             Cardinal
          
           de
           Pelleve
           ,
           
             who
             as
             he
             was
             once
             haranguing
             the
             States
             General
             ,
             broke
             off
             abruptly
             ,
             and
             made
             nothing
             on
             't
             ,
             which
             gave
             occasion
             to
             the
             following
             Lines
             :
          
           
             
             
               Seigneurs
               Etats
               ,
               excusez
               le
               bon-homme
               ,
            
             
               Il
               a
               laissé
               son
               Calepin
               à
               Rome
               .
            
          
           
        
         
           
             On
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             we
             have
             seen
             some
          
           Huguenots
           ;
           
             as
             for
             Instance
          
           ,
           Monsieur
           de
           la
           None
           ,
           
             whom
             the
             most
             celebrated
             Writers
             have
             compared
             to
             the
             greatest
             men
             of
             former
             Ages
             .
             As
             for
             my self
             ,
             I
             adore
             extraordinary
             Merit
             ,
             where-ever
             I
             find
             it
             ,
             be
             it
             in
             an
          
           Heretic
           ,
           
             in
             a
          
           Rebel
           ;
           
             nay
             ,
             even
             in
             an
          
           Enemy
           .
           
             The
             Duke
             of
          
           Lesse
           ,
           
             Viceroy
             of
          
           Naples
           ,
           
             has
             left
             an
             Eternal
             Monument
             of
             this
             Generous
             Maxim
             behind
             him
             ,
             by
             erecting
             a
             magnificent
             Tomb
             in
             St.
          
           Maries
           de
           la
           Nove
           ,
           at
           Naples
           ,
           to
           Peter
           of
           Navarr
           ,
           
             with
             this
             Inscription
          
           :
        
         
           Petro
           Navarro
           Cantabro
           ,
           solertissimo
           in
           expugnandis
           Urbibus
           duci
           ,
           Consalvus
           Ferdinandus
           Luessae
           Princeps
           ,
           Ludovici
           filius
           ,
           Magni
           Consalvi
           Nepos
           ,
           quamvis
           Gallorum
           partes
           secutum
           ,
           Pio
           Sepulchri
           muncrum
           honestavit
           ,
           cum
           hoc
           habeat
           in
           se
           praeclara
           virtus
           ,
           ut
           ctiam
           in
           hoste
           sit
           admirabilis
           .
        
         
           This
           Hero
           
             honour'd
             Vertue
             in
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             in
             a
             Rebel
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             Deserter
             ;
             and
             not
             thinking
             it
             sufficient
             to
             commend
             him
             in
             private
             ,
             erected
             a
             Noble
          
           Mausoleum
           
             to
             his
             Memory
          
           .
        
         
         
           Caesar
           
             was
             not
             less
             regarded
             at
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             because
             he
             was
             an
          
           Epicurean
           ,
           
             than
             if
             he
             had
             been
             of
             any
             other
             Sect
             of
             Philosophers
             ,
             who
             held
             more
             favourable
             Sentiments
             of
             the
             Divinity
             and
             of
             his
             Providence
             ;
             And
             in
             our
             days
             we
             more
             esteem
             the
             Poetry
             and
             History
             of
          
           George
           Buchanan
           ,
           
             for
             all
             he
             was
             a
             notorious
             Heretic
             ,
             than
             the
             flat
             insipid
             Verses
             ,
             or
             jejune
             Histories
             of
             several
             good
             Catholic
             Authors
             .
             Generally
             speaking
             we
             follow
             the
             Opinion
             we
             suck'd
             in
             with
             our
             Milk
             ;
             and
             as
             to
             matters
             of
             Religion
             ,
             't
             is
             a
             plain
             case
             ,
             that
             we
             implicitly
             embrace
             the
             Sentiments
             of
             the
             Doctors
             of
             our
             acquaintance
             ,
             and
             believe
             upon
             the
             Faith
             of
             other
             people
             ,
             without
             searching
             into
             the
             bottom
             of
             things
             .
             But
             altho
             it
             has
             been
             a
             man's
             misfortune
             to
             have
             evil
             parents
             that
             have
             educated
             him
             in
             a
             false
             Religion
             ,
             yet
             this
             does
             by
             no
             means
             destroy
             his
             Moral
             and
             Heroic
             Vertues
             ,
             which
             apparently
             discover
             themselves
             in
             an
             extraordinary
             Genius
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rebellion
             is
             full
             as
             detestable
             as
             Heresy
             ,
             for
             't
             is
             a
             bare-faced
             revolting
             against
             our
             Soveraigns
             ,
             who
             are
             the
             Images
             ,
             or
             Representatives
             of
             God
             upon
             Earth
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             one
             may
             say
             ,
             in
             defence
             of
          
           William
           
             Prince
             of
          
           Orange
           ,
           That
           Philip
           II.
           
             occasion'd
             the
             defection
             of
          
           the
           Low
           Countries
           ,
           
             by
             his
             contempt
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             by
             violating
             the
             priviledges
             of
             those
             Provinces
             ,
             which
             the
             Emperour
          
           Charles
           V.
           
             his
             Father
             always
             governed
             with
             Clemency
             and
             Mildness
             .
          
        
         
           
             And
             as
             for
             what
             respects
             Admiral
          
           Coligny
           ,
           
             whom
             I
             compare
             to
             the
             Prince
             of
          
           Orange
           ,
           
             altho
             it
             has
             been
             frequently
             said
             by
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             
             who
             were
             both
             numerous
             and
             powerful
             ,
          
           That
           he
           served
           himself
           of
           the
           pretence
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           cover
           his
           ambition
           :
           
             And
             after
             them
          
           Davila
           
             has
             asserted
             as
             much
             in
             his
             History
             ;
             yet
             setting
             all
             prejudices
             aside
             ,
             t
             is
             certain
             he
             was
             firmly
             perswaded
             of
             the
             truth
             of
             his
             belief
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             principle
             Motive
             of
             his
             rising
             up
             in
             Arms
             was
             to
             support
             and
             defend
             it
             .
             His
             most
             familiar
             Acquaintance
             ,
             who
             pryed
             diligently
             into
             his
             behaviour
             ,
             never
             so
             much
             as
             question'd
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             ardent
             prayers
             he
             poured
             out
             at
             the
             moment
             of
             his
             death
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             several
             Letters
             to
             his
             Confidents
             and
             Relations
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             faithfullest
             Pictures
             of
             the
             Soul
             ,
             do
             sufficiently
             demonstrate
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             And
             here
             I
             cannot
             forbear
             to
             exclaim
             at
             the
             Massacres
             of
             St.
          
           Bartholomew
           ,
           
             wherein
             abundance
             of
             good
          
           Catholicks
           
             were
             sacrificed
             to
             the
             Revenge
             of
             their
             Enemies
             Thus
             it
             was
             generally
             condemn'd
             by
             all
             honest
             men
             both
             in
          
           France
           
             and
             elsewhere
             ,
             except
             the
             authors
             of
             that
             barbarous
             butchery
             ,
             and
             their
             dependants
             .
             A
             Latin
             History
             lately
             Printed
             with
             the
             King's
             Priviledg
             ,
             speaking
             of
             this
             bloody
             Execution
             ,
             has
             these
             words
             ,
          
           Atra
           illa
           dies
           quam
           Sequana
           non
           abluat
           suis
           undis
           .
           And
           Monsieur
           Hardouin
           de
           Perefixe
           
             Bishop
             of
          
           Rhodez
           
             in
             his
             History
             of
          
           Henry
           
             IV
             as
             he
             mentions
             this
             Massacre
             ,
             calls
             it
          
           the
           most
           abominable
           Action
           that
           ever
           was
           ,
           
             and
             wishes
             ,
             if
             it
             please
             God
             ,
             that
             nothing
             like
             it
             may
             ever
             happen
             again
             .
             I
             don't
             pretend
             to
             injure
             the
             memory
             of
             King
          
           Charles
           
             IX
             .
             nor
             of
             the
             Queen
             his
             Mother
             ,
             but
             only
             say
             that
             this
             Action
             has
             
             been
             universally
             detested
             without
             naming
             any
             names
             :
             However
             ,
             if
             it
             were
             necessary
             to
             espouse
             one
             party
             or
             other
             on
             this
             occasion
             ,
             in
             my
             opinion
             a
             good
          
           Frenchman
           
             would
             do
             much
             better
             to
             interest
             himself
             for
          
           Henry
           
             our
             present
             King's
             Grandfather
             ,
             who
             ran
             so
             great
             a
             risk
             of
             his
             Life
             ,
             and
             who
             was
             so
             dishonourably
             treated
             on
             this
             cruel
             day
             ,
             than
             for
          
           Charles
           
             IX
             .
             who
             scandalously
             violated
             his
             promise
             .
          
        
         
           
             Upon
             this
             doleful
             Subject
          
           Henry
           
             IV.
             thus
             explain'd
             himself
             very
             often
             ,
             and
             my
             Father
             was
             a
             Witness
             of
             it
             ,
             that
             the
             most
             sensible
             displeasure
             he
             ever
             receiv'd
             in
             his
             whole
             Life
             ,
             was
             that
             on
             this
             fatal
             day
             of
             St.
          
           Bartholomew
           ,
           eight
           hundred
           Gentlemen
           ,
           all
           of
           them
           men
           of
           considerable
           Estates
           and
           Quality
           ,
           were
           basely
           Murdered
           for
           their
           affection
           to
           him
           .
           
             These
             were
             his
             very
             words
             ,
             and
             he
             spoke
             them
             when
             he
             was
             King
             of
          
           France
           ,
           
             at
             a
             certa●…n
             time
             when
             some
             zealous
             Catholicks
             came
             to
             demand
             justice
             of
             him
             for
             certain
             Chronological
             Tables
             ,
             which
             the
          
           Huguenots
           
             had
             printed
             at
          
           Geneva
           
             before
             their
             Psalms
             ,
             where
             was
             to
             be
             seen
             ,
          
           In
           the
           Year
           1574
           dyed
           Charles
           the
           Massacrer
           .
        
         
           
             To
             Authorize
             this
             cruel
             Action
             ,
             it
             must
             not
             be
             alledged
             that
             it
             was
             approved
             of
             at
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             where
             I
             have
             seen
             in
             the
             Pope's
             Chappel
             the
             Tragedy
             of
             St.
          
           Bartholomew
           
             represented
             ,
             and
             the
             Admiral
             thrown
             out
             at
             the
             Window
             ,
             with
             these
             words
             at
             the
             bottom
             ,
          
           Pontifex
           Colinii
           necem
           probat
           .
           
             I
             have
             read
             these
             strange
             words
             there
             some
             fifty
             years
             ago
             ,
             not
             without
             a
             great
             regret
             ,
             and
             a
             certain
             pious
             Bishop
             told
             me
             he
             could
             never
             see
             them
             without
             astonishment
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             To
             conclude
             ,
             no
             one
             ought
             to
             be
             surpriz'd
             ,
             that
             writing
             the
             Life
             of
          
           William
           
             Prince
             of
          
           Orange
           ,
           
             I
             have
             set
             down
             the
             substance
             of
             his
             Apology
             against
             the
             Prosecution
             of
             the
             K.
             of
          
           Spain
           .
           
             If
             it
             contains
             any
             severe
             passages
             on
             the
             memory
             of
             that
             Prince
             ,
             I
             am
             not
             the
             first
             person
             that
             divulg'd
             them
             .
             This
             piece
             was
             printed
             in
             several
             Languages
             near
             a
             hundred
             years
             ago
             ,
             and
             was
             sent
             by
             the
             Prince
             of
          
           Orange
           
             to
             the
             Emperour
          
           Rodolphus
           ,
           
             and
             to
             several
             other
             Princes
             of
          
           Europe
           ,
           
             amongst
             the
             rest
             to
          
           Henry
           
             III.
             accompanied
             with
             a
             long
             Letter
             which
             the
             K.
             received
             kindly
             ,
             altho
             this
             Apology
             ,
             which
             in
             truth
             is
             none
             of
             the
             gentlest
             ,
             was
             against
             his
             own
             Brother
             in
             Law.
             
          
        
         
           
             This
             is
             all
             I
             have
             to
             say
             upon
             the
             subject
             of
             these
          
           Memoirs
           ,
           
             which
             I
             hope
             will
             be
             approv'd
             by
             all
             lovers
             of
             Truth
             ,
             and
             Truth
             is
             the
             Mistress
             I
             have
             courted
             all
             my
             life
             time
             .
             The
             strong
             aversion
             I
             have
             to
             flattery
             and
             calumny
             have
             somewhat
             transported
             me
             against
             several
             Writers
             ,
             that
             don't
             deserve
             the
             name
             of
             Historians
             ,
             but
             only
             of
             scurrilous
             Authors
             ,
             and
             little
             low
             fulsome
             panegyrists
             ,
             who
             being
             led
             away
             by
             different
             passions
             ,
             have
             endeavour'd
             to
             conceal
             the
             Truth
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             taken
             pains
             to
             discover
             ,
             which
             will
             appear
             by
             several
             Secrets
             of
             State
             ,
             that
             I
             have
             laid
             open
          
           en
           passant
           ,
           
             and
             which
             without
             question
             ,
             will
             not
             be
             unwelcome
             to
             good
             men
             .
          
        
         
           
             I
             have
             nothing
             more
             to
             add
             ,
             but
             that
             I
             composed
             these
             Memoirs
             to
             pass
             away
             some
             hours
             of
             a
             dull
             ,
             melancholly
             solitude
             ,
             to
             which
             I
             find
             my self
             reduced
             ,
             having
             been
             never
             bred
             up
             to
             Hunting
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             sports
             of
             the
             like
             nature
             ,
             which
             diversions
             ,
             if
             they
             don't
             make
             a
             country
             life
             happy
             ,
             yet
             they
             serve
             at
             least
             to
             render
             it
             less
             tiresome
             and
             disagreable
             .
          
        
         
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
             
               
                 WILLIAM
                 of
                 NASSAU
                 Prince
                 of
                 Orange
                 .
              
               Founder
               of
               the
               Republique
               of
               the
               United
               Provinces
               .
            
             portrait
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           LIFE
           OF
           WILLIAM
           of
           NASSAW
           ,
           Prince
           of
           ORANGE
           ,
           Founder
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           .
        
         
           NO
           Age
           of
           all
           Antiquity
           has
           produc'd
           a
           more
           extraordinary
           Man
           than
           William
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
           Examine
           all
           the
           Heroes
           of
           Plutarch
           ,
           and
           all
           those
           great
           Men
           who
           lived
           since
           that
           admirable
           Historian
           ;
           and
           't
           will
           be
           difficult
           to
           find
           any
           upon
           Record
           ,
           who
           possess'd
           more
           eminently
           all
           those
           Virtues
           and
           good
           Qualities
           that
           enter
           into
           the
           Composition
           of
           a
           brave
           Man.
           
        
         
         
           The
           Victories
           and
           Conquests
           of
           Alexander
           and
           Caesar
           do
           not
           so
           much
           deserve
           our
           admiration
           .
           The
           first
           was
           Master
           of
           all
           Greece
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           a
           War-like
           and
           Well-disciplin'd
           Army
           .
           The
           other
           absolutely
           Commanded
           half
           the
           Roman
           Legions
           ,
           who
           governed
           all
           the
           World.
           With
           these
           great
           forces
           and
           advantages
           they
           entred
           upon
           the
           Stage
           ,
           made
           their
           first
           Victories
           the
           fore-runners
           to
           the
           next
           ,
           pursued
           their
           blow
           ,
           and
           one
           overthrew
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           the
           Roman
           Commonwealth
           .
           But
           Prince
           William
           has
           equall'd
           the
           Glory
           of
           these
           great
           Conquerors
           ,
           by
           attaquing
           the
           formidable
           Power
           of
           King
           Philip
           of
           Spain
           without
           any
           Army
           or
           Forces
           ,
           and
           by
           maintaining
           himself
           many
           years
           against
           him
           .
           His
           Courage
           was
           always
           greater
           than
           his
           Misfortunes
           ;
           and
           when
           all
           the
           World
           thought
           him
           ruin'd
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           driven
           out
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           he
           entred
           'em
           again
           immediately
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           a
           new
           Army
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           great
           Conduct
           laid
           the
           foundations
           of
           a
           Commonwealth
           ,
           that
           covers
           the
           Ocean
           with
           its
           Fleets
           ,
           and
           over-matches
           all
           Europe
           in
           the
           number
           and
           strength
           of
           its
           Naval
           Forces
           .
           His
           Enemies
           had
           no
           other
           way
           to
           ruin
           him
           ,
           but
           by
           a
           base
           Treachery
           ,
           which
           he
           might
           have
           avoided
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           reposed
           less
           confidence
           in
           the
           love
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           who
           served
           him
           instead
           of
           Guards
           ,
           and
           considered
           him
           as
           the
           Father
           and
           Tutelar
           God
           of
           their
           Country
           .
        
         
           After
           having
           reflected
           on
           all
           the
           Illustrious
           Persons
           that
           have
           lived
           before
           him
           ,
           I
           can
           
           meet
           with
           no
           one
           that
           equall'd
           his
           profound
           Wisdom
           ,
           heroick
           Courage
           and
           Constancy
           under
           all
           his
           Adversities
           ,
           but
           
             Gaspar
             de
             Coligny
          
           ,
           Lord
           of
           Chastillon
           ,
           Admiral
           of
           France
           ;
           so
           great
           a
           Man
           ,
           that
           D'Avila
           his
           Enemy
           was
           forc'd
           to
           own
           that
           he
           was
           more
           talk'd
           of
           in
           Europe
           than
           the
           King
           of
           France
           himself
           .
           This
           Admiral
           ,
           after
           the
           loss
           of
           four
           Battles
           ,
           was
           so
           far
           from
           being
           broken
           or
           ruin'd
           ,
           and
           continued
           still
           so
           powerfull
           ,
           that
           his
           Enemies
           were
           oblig'd
           to
           grant
           him
           a
           Peace
           ;
           and
           had
           it
           not
           been
           for
           a
           Treachery
           ,
           whose
           Memory
           will
           be
           eternally
           abhorr'd
           by
           all
           good
           Men
           ,
           he
           might
           have
           ended
           his
           days
           in
           Peace
           ,
           and
           done
           great
           service
           to
           his
           Country
           by
           the
           Conquest
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           ;
           which
           he
           propos'd
           at
           so
           favourable
           a
           conjuncture
           ,
           that
           we
           might
           easily
           have
           made
           our selves
           masters
           of
           '
           em
           .
           But
           the
           ill
           maxims
           of
           those
           Divines
           ,
           who
           would
           conform
           all
           Religion
           to
           the
           humours
           and
           passions
           of
           Princes
           ,
           and
           the
           Doctrine
           ,
           That
           no
           Faith
           ought
           to
           be
           kept
           with
           Rebels
           and
           Hereticks
           ;
           and
           that
           't
           is
           lawfull
           to
           do
           a
           small
           evil
           to
           bring
           about
           a
           greater
           good
           ,
           added
           to
           the
           powerfull
           Motive
           of
           Revenge
           ;
           prevail'd
           over
           all
           the
           Ties
           of
           Honour
           and
           Faith
           ,
           which
           ought
           always
           to
           be
           sacred
           and
           inviolable
           .
        
         
           William
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           was
           Born
           in
           the
           Year
           1533
           ,
           at
           the
           Castle
           of
           Dillembourgh
           ,
           in
           the
           County
           of
           Nassaw
           .
           He
           was
           Nine
           years
           Page
           of
           Honour
           to
           the
           Emperour
           Charles
           the
           Fifth
           ,
           who
           continually
           admired
           his
           extraordinary
           good
           sense
           and
           modesty
           .
        
         
         
           This
           great
           Prince
           took
           delight
           to
           communicate
           his
           most
           important
           affairs
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           instruct
           him
           ,
           and
           has
           often
           declar'd
           to
           those
           he
           was
           most
           familiar
           with
           ,
           That
           this
           young
           Prince
           furnish'd
           him
           with
           Expedients
           and
           Counsels
           that
           surpriz'd
           him
           ,
           and
           which
           otherwise
           he
           had
           never
           thought
           of
           .
           When
           he
           gave
           private
           Audience
           to
           Foreign
           Princes
           and
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           Prince
           William
           was
           about
           to
           retire
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Company
           ,
           he
           usually
           bid
           him
           stay
           .
        
         
           All
           the
           World
           was
           surpriz'd
           to
           see
           this
           great
           and
           wife
           Monarch
           esteem
           him
           above
           all
           those
           that
           were
           about
           him
           ,
           and
           trust
           him
           at
           so
           tender
           an
           Age
           with
           all
           the
           secrets
           of
           his
           Empire
           ,
           the
           management
           of
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           the
           weightiest
           Negotiations
           .
           He
           was
           scarce
           Twenty
           years
           old
           when
           Charles
           the
           Fifth
           chose
           him
           out
           among
           all
           the
           great
           Lords
           of
           his
           Court
           ,
           to
           carry
           the
           Imperial
           Crown
           which
           he
           resign'd
           to
           his
           Brother
           Ferdinand
           .
           An
           Office
           which
           he
           discharged
           with
           much
           unwillingness
           ;
           assuring
           his
           good
           Master
           ,
           That
           't
           was
           an
           unwelcome
           Task
           he
           had
           imposed
           on
           him
           of
           carrying
           that
           Crown
           to
           another
           ,
           which
           his
           Uncle
           Henry
           Count
           of
           Nassaw
           had
           put
           upon
           his
           Head.
           
        
         
           And
           for
           a
           proof
           that
           Charles
           the
           Fifth
           set
           on
           less
           a
           value
           on
           his
           Courage
           than
           his
           Prudence
           ;
           when
           
             Philibert
             Emanuel
          
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Savoy
           ,
           was
           obliged
           by
           his
           own
           private
           affairs
           to
           be
           absent
           some
           time
           from
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           tho'
           the
           Prince
           was
           but
           22
           years
           old
           ,
           and
           was
           in
           Breda
           at
           that
           time
           ;
           Charles
           the
           Fifth
           
           of
           his
           own
           accord
           ,
           against
           the
           advice
           of
           all
           his
           Counsel
           ,
           made
           him
           Generalissimo
           ,
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           so
           many
           experienc'd
           Captains
           ,
           and
           among
           the
           rest
           of
           Count
           Egmont
           ,
           who
           was
           Twelve
           years
           older
           ,
           at
           a
           time
           when
           he
           had
           to
           deal
           with
           two
           great
           Generals
           Mounsieur
           
             de
             Nevers
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Admiral
           of
           France
           .
           But
           the
           Prince
           was
           so
           far
           from
           receiving
           any
           blow
           that
           Campagn
           ,
           that
           he
           built
           Charlemont
           and
           Philipville
           in
           sight
           of
           the
           French
           Armies
           .
        
         
           I
           do
           not
           pretend
           to
           relate
           all
           the
           Actions
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           which
           would
           require
           a
           Volume
           ,
           and
           which
           so
           many
           Historians
           have
           done
           in
           several
           Languages
           .
           'T
           would
           be
           a
           strange
           itch
           of
           writing
           ,
           and
           a
           manifest
           robbery
           to
           publish
           what
           may
           be
           met
           with
           in
           particular
           Books
           .
           My
           design
           is
           only
           to
           make
           some
           Reflections
           and
           Observations
           on
           this
           great
           Prince
           ,
           and
           acquaint
           the
           World
           with
           some
           particulars
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           which
           I
           learn'd
           from
           my
           Father
           and
           other
           eminent
           Men
           of
           that
           Age.
           But
           in
           order
           to
           make
           my
           History
           more
           intelligible
           and
           agreeable
           to
           those
           who
           have
           not
           read
           his
           Life
           ,
           I
           was
           engaged
           ,
           contrary
           to
           my
           former
           intentions
           ,
           by
           an
           Illustrious
           Person
           (
           to
           whom
           I
           have
           too
           many
           Obligations
           to
           refuse
           him
           any
           thing
           )
           to
           make
           a
           short
           Abridgment
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           enough
           to
           give
           a
           general
           Idea
           of
           him
           ,
           as
           Geographers
           present
           us
           at
           one
           view
           all
           the
           Old
           and
           New
           World
           in
           a
           little
           Map
           ;
           not
           doubting
           but
           a
           Narrow
           Portraicture
           of
           so
           extraordinary
           a
           Man
           will
           cause
           these
           Particulars
           I
           know
           of
           
           his
           Life
           to
           be
           read
           with
           greater
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           besides
           will
           show
           to
           all
           the
           World
           upon
           what
           foundations
           this
           Prince
           has
           erected
           the
           powerfull
           Commonwealth
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           .
        
         
           Besides
           the
           esteem
           the
           Emperour
           had
           for
           his
           Vertue
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           Man
           at
           his
           Court
           whom
           he
           lov'd
           so
           tenderly
           as
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
           Which
           he
           made
           appear
           to
           the
           last
           moment
           of
           his
           Administration
           .
           For
           at
           the
           famous
           Assembly
           at
           Brussels
           ,
           A.
           D.
           1555
           ,
           when
           the
           Emperour
           resign'd
           all
           his
           Kingdoms
           to
           his
           Son
           Philip
           ,
           't
           was
           remarkable
           that
           in
           so
           considerable
           an
           Action
           he
           was
           supported
           by
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
        
         
           All
           these
           marks
           of
           Confidence
           ,
           and
           professions
           of
           Friendship
           ,
           which
           the
           Emperour
           made
           him
           ,
           were
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           Misfortunes
           .
           For
           tho'
           at
           his
           departure
           into
           Spain
           the
           Emperour
           recommended
           him
           particularly
           to
           the
           King
           his
           Son
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           who
           govern'd
           him
           (
           for
           he
           had
           been
           bred
           always
           in
           Spain
           )
           being
           jealous
           of
           the
           growing
           Greatness
           and
           good
           Fortune
           of
           this
           young
           Prince
           ,
           made
           the
           King
           entertain
           such
           suspicions
           of
           him
           ,
           that
           his
           most
           innocent
           words
           and
           actions
           had
           an
           ill
           interpretation
           put
           upon
           'em
           ,
           and
           the
           refusel
           which
           the
           States
           made
           of
           complying
           with
           the
           demands
           of
           the
           King
           was
           laid
           to
           his
           charge
           .
        
         
           He
           easily
           perceived
           by
           the
           cold
           receptions
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           that
           his
           Enemies
           had
           ruin'd
           him
           in
           his
           good
           opinion
           :
           But
           he
           was
           confirm'd
           in
           his
           belief
           when
           King
           Philip
           was
           going
           aboard
           the
           
           Ship
           at
           Flushing
           ,
           which
           was
           to
           carry
           him
           into
           Spain
           .
           The
           King
           looking
           on
           him
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           anger
           ,
           reproach'd
           him
           with
           hindring
           the
           execution
           of
           his
           designs
           by
           his
           private
           intrigues
           .
           The
           Prince
           replying
           with
           much
           submission
           ,
           that
           the
           States
           had
           done
           every
           thing
           voluntarily
           and
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           ;
           the
           King
           took
           him
           by
           the
           hand
           ,
           and
           shaking
           it
           ,
           answer'd
           in
           Spanish
           ,
           
             No
             los
             Estadós
             mas
             vos
             ,
             vos
             ,
             vos
             ,
          
           repeating
           the
           word
           vos
           several
           times
           ,
           which
           the
           Spaniards
           use
           by
           way
           of
           contempt
           ,
           as
           we
           say
           in
           French
           
             Toy
             ,
             Ioy
          
           ,
           Thou
           ,
           thou
           .
           This
           particular
           I
           had
           from
           my
           Father
           ,
           who
           learn'd
           it
           from
           a
           Confident
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           was
           present
           .
           The
           Prince
           ,
           after
           this
           publick
           affront
           ,
           had
           more
           wit
           than
           to
           conduct
           the
           King
           aboard
           his
           Vessel
           ,
           but
           contented
           himself
           with
           taking
           leave
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           wishing
           him
           a
           good
           Voyage
           into
           Spain
           :
           For
           he
           was
           secure
           enough
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           well
           beloved
           ,
           and
           where
           there
           was
           a
           great
           concourse
           of
           people
           from
           all
           parts
           to
           see
           the
           King
           's
           Embarkment
           .
           As
           a
           further
           proof
           of
           his
           disgrace
           ,
           instead
           of
           having
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           conferr'd
           on
           him
           ,
           which
           his
           Ancestors
           had
           enjoy'd
           ,
           and
           which
           he
           passionately
           desired
           ,
           he
           saw
           Cardinal
           Granville
           ,
           his
           Enemy
           at
           the
           Helm
           ,
           intrusted
           with
           all
           the
           secrets
           of
           the
           Court
           of
           Spain
           under
           Margaret
           of
           Austria
           ,
           Duchess
           of
           Parma
           ,
           and
           Governess
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           who
           had
           particular
           Orders
           to
           have
           an
           eye
           on
           his
           Actions
           ,
           and
           to
           communicate
           no
           affair
           of
           importance
           to
           him
           ;
           which
           made
           him
           resolve
           
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           his
           Honour
           and
           his
           Life
           too
           ,
           which
           he
           saw
           openly
           threatned
           ,
           to
           support
           himself
           with
           the
           love
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           court
           Foreign
           Alliances
           .
        
         
           From
           hence
           't
           is
           reasonable
           enough
           to
           conclude
           ,
           that
           King
           Philip
           by
           his
           ill
           usage
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           had
           done
           such
           great
           Services
           to
           the
           Emperour
           his
           Father
           ,
           was
           himself
           the
           cause
           of
           all
           the
           Disorders
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           .
           For
           had
           he
           continued
           a
           favourable
           Treatment
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           advice
           and
           example
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           he
           had
           without
           dispute
           been
           a
           good
           Subject
           ,
           and
           never
           had
           taken
           those
           desperate
           resolutions
           ,
           which
           kindled
           a
           fire
           that
           lasted
           above
           a
           Hundred
           years
           ,
           and
           cost
           the
           Lives
           of
           so
           many
           Thousand
           Men
           ,
           and
           drain'd
           the
           Treasure
           of
           the
           Indies
           .
        
         
           This
           ought
           to
           be
           a
           warning
           never
           to
           drive
           great
           Courages
           to
           despair
           .
           We
           meet
           with
           a
           Thousand
           instances
           of
           this
           nature
           in
           History
           ,
           but
           particularly
           of
           Narses
           .
           This
           famous
           Eunuch
           ,
           after
           all
           his
           great
           Services
           were
           slighted
           ,
           (
           for
           the
           Empress
           Sophia
           ,
           Wife
           of
           Iustin
           the
           Second
           ,
           had
           sent
           him
           word
           that
           she
           would
           make
           him
           Spin
           with
           her
           Women
           ,
           )
           replied
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           weave
           such
           a
           Web
           ,
           that
           she
           and
           the
           whole
           Empire
           should
           never
           be
           able
           to
           cover
           .
           And
           to
           make
           his
           Threatnings
           good
           ,
           he
           call'd
           the
           Lombards
           into
           Italy
           ,
           who
           conquer'd
           the
           best
           part
           of
           it
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           left
           their
           Name
           .
           This
           done
           ,
           without
           returning
           to
           Constantinople
           ,
           he
           stay'd
           some
           time
           at
           Naples
           ,
           where
           he
           died
           quietly
           in
           his
           
           Bed
           ,
           in
           spite
           of
           all
           the
           designs
           of
           this
           proud
           Empress
           ,
           who
           had
           sent
           Longinus
           ,
           a
           wicked
           and
           cruel
           Man
           ,
           to
           succeed
           him
           ,
           with
           Orders
           to
           dispatch
           him
           .
        
         
           But
           before
           I
           enter
           upon
           the
           General
           History
           of
           the
           Actions
           of
           this
           Prince
           ,
           't
           will
           be
           proper
           to
           say
           something
           of
           his
           Family
           ,
           leaving
           the
           Particulars
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           too
           tedious
           to
           the
           Genealogists
           .
        
         
           The
           House
           of
           Nassaw
           is
           ,
           without
           contradiction
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           and
           ancientest
           in
           all
           Germany
           .
           For
           besides
           its
           high
           Alliances
           ,
           the
           number
           of
           its
           Branches
           ,
           and
           the
           honour
           of
           giving
           an
           Emperour
           near
           Four
           hundred
           years
           since
           ,
           it
           has
           this
           particular
           advantage
           to
           have
           continued
           Ten
           entire
           Ages
           ,
           and
           to
           boast
           with
           the
           State
           of
           Venice
           ,
           as
           a
           Learned
           Man
           says
           ,
           That
           its
           Government
           is
           founded
           upon
           a
           Basis
           of
           a
           Thousand
           years
           standing
           .
        
         
           Count
           Oiho
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           who
           liv'd
           Six
           hundred
           years
           since
           ,
           had
           two
           Wives
           :
           The
           first
           brought
           him
           in
           Marriage
           the
           Country
           of
           Gueldres
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Zulphen
           ,
           which
           were
           preserved
           Three
           Ages
           in
           the
           House
           of
           Nassaw
           .
        
         
           After
           him
           another
           Count
           Otho
           of
           Nassaw
           Married
           the
           Countess
           of
           Viandden
           ,
           who
           had
           great
           Estates
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           above
           Three
           hundred
           years
           since
           .
        
         
           His
           Grandson
           Engilbert
           ,
           the
           first
           of
           that
           Name
           ,
           Count
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           Married
           the
           Heiress
           of
           Laeke
           and
           Breda
           ,
           A.
           D.
           1404
           ,
           and
           was
           Grandfather
           to
           Engilbert
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           the
           second
           of
           that
           Name
           .
        
         
         
           This
           Prince
           was
           great
           in
           War
           and
           Peace
           .
           He
           won
           the
           Battle
           of
           Guinegaste
           ,
           punish'd
           the
           Rebellion
           of
           Bruges
           ,
           and
           was
           Governour-General
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           under
           Maximilian
           the
           First
           .
           He
           died
           without
           Children
           ,
           and
           made
           his
           Brother
           Iohn
           Heir
           of
           all
           his
           Estates
           .
        
         
           This
           Count
           Iohn
           had
           two
           Sons
           ,
           Henry
           and
           William
           .
           The
           Lands
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           fell
           to
           Henry's
           share
           ,
           the
           Eldest
           ;
           William
           the
           Youngest
           had
           those
           of
           Germany
           .
           This
           is
           that
           Henry
           Count
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           to
           whose
           strong
           Solicitations
           against
           Francis
           the
           Fifth
           ,
           Charles
           the
           Fifth
           owed
           his
           Empire
           .
           This
           was
           he
           ,
           who
           on
           the
           Day
           of
           his
           Coronation
           put
           the
           Imperial
           Crown
           upon
           his
           Head
           :
           Nevertheless
           ,
           after
           the
           conclusion
           of
           Peace
           between
           those
           great
           Princes
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           sent
           by
           the
           Emperour
           to
           do
           Homage
           for
           the
           Counties
           of
           Flanders
           and
           Artois
           ;
           King
           Francis
           by
           an
           incredible
           generosity
           forgetting
           all
           what
           was
           pass'd
           ,
           Married
           him
           to
           
             Claude
             de
             Chalon
          
           ,
           only
           Sister
           to
           
             Philibert
             de
             Chalon
          
           ,
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           brought
           up
           by
           Ann
           of
           Bretan
           his
           Mother-in-law
           .
           By
           this
           means
           
             Rene
             de
             Nassaw
          
           ,
           and
           of
           Chalons
           his
           only
           Son
           ,
           was
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           after
           the
           Death
           of
           his
           Uncle
           
             Philibert
             de
             Chalons
          
           ,
           who
           died
           without
           Issue
           .
        
         
           William
           Count
           of
           Nassaw
           Brother
           to
           Count
           Henry
           ,
           embraced
           the
           reform'd
           Religion
           ,
           and
           banish'd
           the
           Catholick
           out
           of
           his
           Dominions
           .
           'T
           was
           he
           who
           was
           the
           Father
           of
           the
           great
           William
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           whose
           Life
           I
           am
           writing
           ,
           
           who
           became
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           Lord
           of
           all
           the
           Estates
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Chalons
           by
           the
           Will
           of
           
             Rene
             de
             Nassaw
          
           ,
           and
           
             de
             Chalon
          
           his
           Cosin
           German
           ,
           who
           was
           kill'd
           at
           the
           Siege
           of
           St.
           
             Desier
             ,
             A.
             D.
          
           1544.
           and
           left
           no
           Children
           behind
           him
           .
        
         
           The
           Emperour
           Charles
           the
           fifth
           ,
           who
           was
           so
           much
           obliged
           to
           the
           House
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           was
           extreamly
           concern'd
           to
           see
           this
           young
           Prince
           bred
           up
           a
           Heretick
           ,
           with
           much
           ado
           he
           removed
           him
           from
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           placed
           him
           near
           his
           Person
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           his
           Conversion
           to
           the
           Catholick
           Religion
           ,
           which
           indeed
           the
           Prince
           made
           a
           publick
           profession
           of
           as
           long
           as
           the
           Emperour
           liv'd
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           Philip
           the
           Third
           .
           But
           the
           prejudice
           of
           the
           Education
           and
           the
           new
           Religion
           which
           he
           had
           suck'd
           in
           with
           his
           Milk
           ,
           and
           had
           a
           taste
           of
           afterwards
           at
           the
           Court
           of
           France
           ,
           where
           the
           new
           Opinions
           were
           very
           much
           in
           Vogue
           when
           he
           was
           a
           Hostage
           at
           Paris
           for
           the
           Peace
           of
           Cambray
           ,
           made
           so
           strong
           an
           Impression
           on
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           never
           wear
           it
           off
           .
        
         
           His
           Father
           Count
           William
           of
           Nassaw
           had
           Five
           Sons
           and
           seven
           Daughters
           ,
           by
           Iulienne
           Countess
           of
           Stolbourg
           .
           The
           eldest
           was
           this
           William
           of
           Nassaw
           Prine
           of
           Orange
           .
           The
           youngest
           was
           Iohn
           Count
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           who
           left
           a
           numerous
           and
           renowned
           Posterity
           behind
           him
           .
           The
           Three
           other
           Sons
           were
           
             Lodowick
             ,
             Adolphus
          
           ,
           and
           Henry
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           who
           signaliz'd
           themselves
           in
           the
           Civil
           Wars
           of
           France
           and
           the
           Netherlands
           :
           They
           were
           never
           married
           ,
           
           and
           all
           three
           died
           with
           their
           Swords
           in
           their
           hands
           ,
           Couragiously
           seconding
           the
           Design
           of
           their
           elder
           Brother
           .
        
         
           The
           Seven
           Daughters
           of
           William
           of
           Nassaw
           were
           all
           Married
           ,
           one
           to
           the
           Count
           of
           Bergues
           ,
           who
           was
           Mother
           to
           that
           Count
           
             de
             Bergues
          
           ,
           who
           in
           our
           days
           Commanded
           the
           Spanish
           Armies
           against
           his
           Cosin
           Germans
           ,
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           and
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           quitted
           the
           Spanish
           Service
           upon
           some
           disgust
           .
           The
           other
           Six
           were
           married
           to
           Sovereign
           Counts
           of
           Germany
           ,
           one
           amongst
           the
           rest
           to
           Count
           Schouarsbourg
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           misfortune
           to
           be
           present
           at
           Antwerp
           ,
           when
           
             Iohn
             Iauregny
             a
             Biscayner
          
           had
           like
           to
           have
           kill'd
           the
           Prince
           with
           a
           Pistol-shot
           ,
           and
           at
           Delft
           when
           he
           was
           Assassinated
           by
           
             Balthasar
             Guerard
          
           a
           Native
           of
           the
           
             Franche
             Comtè
          
           .
           For
           she
           never
           left
           her
           dear
           Brother
           ,
           who
           loved
           her
           entirely
           .
        
         
           William
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           of
           a
           middle
           Stature
           ;
           a
           brown
           Complexion
           ,
           with
           Chesnut
           hair
           ,
           he
           talked
           little
           ,
           thought
           much
           ,
           but
           spoke
           always
           to
           the
           purpose
           ,
           and
           his
           words
           passed
           for
           Oracles
           .
           No
           private
           Man
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Charles
           the
           Fifth
           liv'd
           with
           so
           much
           Splendour
           as
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           he
           entertained
           all
           the
           Foreign
           Princes
           and
           Ministers
           at
           his
           House
           ,
           and
           in
           short
           was
           the
           Glory
           of
           the
           Emperours
           Court
           and
           his
           Sons
           ,
           who
           in
           his
           Proscription
           which
           he
           thunder'd
           out
           against
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           having
           upbraided
           him
           with
           the
           Favours
           he
           had
           received
           from
           him
           ,
           &
           how
           ill
           he
           had
           return'd
           them
           ,
           the
           Prince
           in
           
           his
           Apology
           replyed
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           so
           far
           from
           having
           any
           Obligations
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           or
           inriching
           himself
           in
           his
           Service
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           born
           the
           principal
           Expence
           of
           the
           Court
           composed
           of
           many
           Nations
           ,
           the
           King
           taking
           so
           little
           care
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           desray
           it
           out
           of
           his
           own
           Pocket
           .
        
         
           This
           splendid
           way
           of
           Living
           ,
           and
           this
           engaging
           manner
           of
           insinuating
           himself
           into
           all
           Peoples
           Affections
           ,
           gain'd
           him
           the
           Esteem
           and
           Friendship
           of
           all
           the
           World.
           Besides
           he
           had
           a
           great
           advantage
           over
           all
           the
           Princes
           and
           Lords
           of
           the
           Emperors
           Court
           ;
           the
           House
           of
           Nassau
           having
           had
           the
           Honour
           to
           produce
           the
           Emperour
           Adolphus
           ,
           who
           was
           kill'd
           ,
           
             A.
             D.
          
           1298.
           at
           the
           Battle
           of
           Spires
           ,
           upon
           whom
           these
           Verses
           were
           made
           .
        
         
           
             Anno
             milleno
             trecent
             is
             his
             minus
             annis
             ,
          
           
             In
             Iulio
             mense
             Rex
             Adolphus
             cadit
             ense
             .
          
        
         
           When
           King
           Philip
           who
           had
           been
           bred
           up
           in
           Spain
           ,
           came
           into
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           in
           his
           Fathers
           Lifetime
           ,
           there
           appear'd
           such
           a
           vast
           difference
           between
           the
           Father
           and
           Son
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           particularly
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           conceived
           as
           much
           Aversion
           and
           Contempt
           for
           one
           ,
           as
           they
           had
           Love
           and
           Adoration
           for
           the
           other
           .
           The
           Emperour
           was
           good
           Natur'd
           ,
           easie
           of
           Access
           ,
           treated
           all
           sorts
           of
           Nations
           familiarly
           ,
           and
           talked
           to
           'em
           in
           their
           own
           Language
           ,
           which
           won
           him
           an
           universal
           Respect
           and
           Veneration
           .
           King
           Philip
           rarely
           appeared
           in
           publick
           ,
           wore
           his
           Clothes
           always
           
           in
           the
           Spanish
           Fashion
           ,
           talked
           little
           ,
           and
           still
           Spanish
           ,
           which
           procured
           him
           the
           general
           hate
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           the
           People
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           who
           hating
           and
           dreading
           the
           Pride
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           that
           govern'd
           him
           ,
           demanded
           of
           him
           in
           full
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States
           held
           at
           Gand
           ,
           to
           withdraw
           all
           foreign
           Troops
           out
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           and
           use
           their
           own
           Forces
           for
           the
           Security
           of
           the
           Towns
           ,
           and
           make
           no
           Stranger
           Governour
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ;
           these
           Demands
           surprized
           ,
           and
           incensed
           the
           King
           ,
           who
           believed
           all
           was
           done
           by
           the
           Instigation
           and
           Contrivance
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ;
           but
           concealing
           his
           Resentment
           ,
           he
           gave
           the
           States
           hopes
           of
           complying
           with
           their
           Requests
           .
           In
           this
           Assembly
           he
           made
           Margaret
           of
           Austria
           his
           natural
           Sister
           ,
           Wife
           of
           
             Octavio
             Farnese
          
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           absolute
           Governess
           of
           the
           Low
           Countries
           ,
           created
           many
           Knights
           of
           the
           
             Golden
             Fleece
          
           ,
           and
           then
           Embarked
           for
           Spain
           .
           At
           his
           Departure
           he
           left
           Orders
           with
           the
           Governess
           ,
           to
           establish
           the
           
             Spanish
             Inquisition
          
           the
           in
           Netherlands
           ,
           and
           erect
           several
           new
           Bishopricks
           .
           These
           Innovations
           were
           the
           Original
           cause
           of
           all
           the
           Civil
           Wars
           and
           Confusions
           ,
           so
           strange
           an
           Aversion
           had
           the
           People
           for
           the
           very
           name
           of
           the
           Inquisition
           and
           the
           new
           Bishops
           ,
           whom
           they
           considered
           as
           the
           Agents
           ,
           and
           under
           Officers
           of
           the
           Inquisition
           .
        
         
           
             Anthony
             Perrenot
          
           Cardinal
           
             de
             Granville
          
           ,
           first
           Bishop
           of
           Arras
           ,
           and
           then
           of
           Malines
           ,
           was
           Minister
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           had
           all
           the
           Management
           of
           Affairs
           under
           the
           Dutchess
           of
           Parma
           ;
           
           He
           was
           Son
           to
           
             Nicholas
             Perrenot
          
           of
           Besancon
           ,
           Secretary
           of
           State
           to
           Charles
           the
           Seventh
           ,
           who
           for
           his
           personal
           Merit
           had
           advanced
           him
           from
           the
           Quality
           of
           a
           private
           Citizen
           .
           This
           Cardinal
           naturally
           haughty
           and
           insolent
           ,
           treated
           the
           Nobility
           in
           a
           very
           imperious
           manner
           .
           For
           which
           they
           hated
           him
           to
           that
           Degree
           ,
           that
           at
           last
           Count
           Egmont
           ,
           Count
           Horn
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           no
           longer
           able
           to
           bear
           his
           insupportable
           Pride
           ,
           writ
           plainly
           to
           King
           Philip
           ,
           that
           his
           Arrogance
           and
           violent
           Proceedings
           were
           abhorr'd
           by
           all
           the
           Nobility
           and
           People
           ,
           and
           would
           ruin
           the
           Netherlands
           if
           he
           was
           not
           recall'd
           in
           time
           .
        
         
           This
           Remonstrance
           was
           considered
           as
           a
           criminal
           Boldness
           in
           Spain
           ,
           and
           from
           that
           time
           they
           took
           a
           Resolution
           to
           destroy
           these
           three
           Lords
           ,
           and
           all
           their
           Adherents
           .
           But
           at
           that
           Conjuncture
           they
           were
           constrained
           to
           dissemble
           and
           recall
           the
           Cardinal
           .
           Great
           disorders
           hapning
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           Count
           
             Iohn
             de
             Bergues
          
           Governour
           of
           Hainault
           ,
           and
           
             Iohn
             de
             Montmorency
          
           ,
           Lord
           of
           Montigny
           ,
           Governour
           of
           Tornay
           ,
           were
           dispatched
           into
           Spain
           ,
           with
           Orders
           to
           acquaint
           the
           King
           with
           what
           had
           passed
           ,
           and
           perswade
           him
           to
           compose
           the
           Differences
           by
           Mildness
           and
           Clemency
           ,
           rather
           than
           by
           Severity
           and
           Roughness
           .
           But
           both
           losing
           their
           Lives
           there
           ,
           was
           a
           warning
           to
           the
           rest
           to
           stand
           upon
           their
           Guard.
           
        
         
           Assoon
           as
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           great
           Politician
           ,
           knew
           of
           the
           Resolution
           the
           King
           had
           formed
           ,
           by
           the
           Advice
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           instance
           of
           Cardinal
           
           Granville
           ,
           who
           resented
           his
           being
           driven
           out
           of
           the
           Low
           Countries
           ,
           of
           sending
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           Spaniards
           and
           Italians
           into
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           he
           wisely
           judg'd
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           design'd
           to
           revenge
           himself
           on
           the
           States
           ,
           for
           the
           Demands
           they
           had
           made
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           forcible
           removal
           of
           the
           Cardinal
           ,
           which
           was
           generally
           imputed
           to
           him
           .
           Knowing
           besides
           ,
           that
           the
           Alterations
           which
           were
           to
           be
           made
           ,
           would
           infallibly
           occasion
           great
           Convulsions
           and
           Commotions
           ;
           he
           desired
           the
           Governess
           to
           request
           the
           King
           to
           give
           him
           leave
           to
           resign
           his
           Governments
           of
           
             Holland
             ,
             Zeland
             ,
             Utrecht
          
           ,
           and
           Burgundy
           ,
           which
           was
           denied
           him
           .
        
         
           He
           was
           only
           perswaded
           to
           remove
           from
           him
           his
           Brother
           Count
           Lodowick
           ,
           who
           was
           thought
           to
           give
           him
           Counsels
           which
           were
           prejudicial
           to
           the
           Peace
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           .
           Which
           he
           did
           not
           think
           fit
           to
           Consent
           too
           ;
           no
           more
           than
           the
           new
           Oath
           of
           Fidelity
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           which
           many
           other
           great
           Men
           refused
           to
           take
           ,
           for
           this
           Oath
           obliging
           him
           to
           root
           out
           Hereticks
           ,
           he
           must
           consequently
           have
           sworn
           the
           ruin
           of
           his
           own
           Wife
           who
           was
           a
           Lutheran
           .
           Besides
           he
           alledged
           ,
           that
           having
           already
           taken
           the
           Oath
           of
           Fidelity
           ,
           't
           was
           needless
           to
           take
           a
           new
           one
           unless
           they
           question'd
           his
           Fidelity
           .
           The
           same
           Course
           was
           followed
           by
           
             Anthony
             de
             Lalain
          
           Count
           of
           Hochstrat
           Governour
           of
           Malines
           ,
           Count
           
             Horn
             ,
             Philip
             de
             Montmorency
          
           ,
           Admiral
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           and
           
             Henry
             Brederode
             ,
             Baron
             de
             Viane
          
           and
           Vicount
           of
           Utrecht
           ,
           descended
           from
           the
           Soveraign
           
           Counts
           of
           Holland
           ,
           and
           by
           many
           other
           Lords
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             D.
          
           1566
           ,
           in
           April
           the
           Governess
           ,
           pressing
           with
           great
           heat
           ,
           the
           Establishment
           of
           the
           Inquisition
           ,
           and
           the
           New
           Bishops
           ,
           Four
           hundred
           Gentlemen
           ,
           headed
           by
           Count
           Lodowick
           of
           Nassaw
           and
           Count
           Brederode
           (
           the
           next
           day
           arrived
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Bergues
          
           and
           
             Culembourg
             ,
          
           )
           met
           at
           Brussels
           in
           the
           
             Hotel
             de
             Culembourg
          
           ,
           and
           had
           the
           boldness
           to
           present
           a
           Petition
           which
           they
           had
           drawn
           up
           ,
           to
           the
           Governess
           in
           the
           Palace
           .
           The
           Heads
           of
           this
           Petition
           were
           to
           reject
           the
           Inquisition
           ,
           the
           New
           Bishops
           ,
           and
           the
           Publication
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           ,
           which
           they
           maintained
           to
           be
           contrary
           to
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Provinces
           .
           This
           boldness
           let
           loose
           the
           reins
           to
           all
           the
           Seditions
           and
           Factions
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           and
           occasion'd
           all
           the
           Sacrileges
           ,
           all
           the
           Villainies
           ,
           and
           Impieties
           ,
           the
           breaking
           down
           Images
           ,
           demolishing
           Churches
           ,
           and
           Altars
           ,
           &c.
           which
           are
           preserved
           in
           History
           ,
           and
           are
           abhorr'd
           by
           the
           Protestants
           themselves
           .
        
         
           This
           famous
           Petition
           presented
           by
           the
           Nobility
           marching
           two
           by
           two
           modestly
           clad
           ,
           and
           arm'd
           only
           with
           their
           Swords
           ,
           was
           at
           first
           slighted
           ;
           and
           Count
           Barlaymont
           a
           great
           confident
           of
           
             Madam
             de
             Parma
          
           ,
           because
           he
           saw
           a
           great
           many
           in
           the
           Company
           not
           so
           rich
           as
           himself
           ,
           told
           the
           Governess
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           Contempt
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           a
           Troop
           of
           Beggars
           ,
           and
           that
           she
           ought
           to
           take
           no
           notice
           ,
           or
           have
           any
           regard
           to
           '
           em
           .
           Hence
           the
           name
           Gueux
           or
           Beggars
           ,
           continued
           to
           that
           party
           ,
           as
           that
           of
           
           Hugeunots
           to
           the
           Protestants
           of
           France
           .
           The
           
             confederate
             Nobility
          
           ,
           far
           from
           taking
           offence
           at
           this
           Nick-name
           ,
           applyed
           it
           to
           themselves
           ,
           and
           cloathed
           themselves
           all
           in
           Gray
           cloths
           ,
           and
           wore
           little
           wooden
           Porringers
           ,
           and
           Beggars
           Bottles
           in
           their
           Hats
           ,
           and
           drank
           Healths
           publickly
           to
           the
           Gueux
           or
           Beggars
           ,
           at
           their
           Entertainments
           .
        
         
           The
           Gentlemen
           who
           entred
           into
           this
           Association
           ,
           wore
           at
           their
           Collar
           a
           Medal
           of
           Gold
           ,
           on
           one
           side
           of
           which
           was
           stamped
           the
           Kings
           Image
           ,
           on
           the
           reverse
           two
           hands
           joyn'd
           ,
           holding
           a
           Bag
           with
           this
           Inscription
           ,
           
             Fideles
             au
             Roy
             jusque
             a
             la
             besace
             :
          
           Faithful
           to
           the
           King
           even
           to
           the
           Bag.
           The
           greatest
           Lords
           on
           their
           Footmens
           Liveries
           embroider'd
           Dishes
           ,
           Bottles
           ,
           and
           Beggars
           Bags
           ,
           glorying
           in
           the
           Nick-name
           ,
           and
           publishing
           that
           they
           would
           Sacrifice
           their
           Fortunes
           to
           support
           so
           just
           a
           Confederacy
           .
        
         
           About
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Year
           1566.
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           had
           a
           Conference
           at
           Dendermonde
           with
           Count
           
             Egmont
             ,
             Horn
             ,
             Hochstrat
          
           ,
           and
           his
           Brother
           Lodowick
           ,
           to
           consult
           of
           means
           for
           their
           own
           Security
           ,
           and
           the
           good
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ;
           most
           of
           them
           were
           of
           opinion
           to
           take
           up
           Arms
           ,
           and
           oppose
           the
           entrance
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           into
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           who
           had
           a
           design
           to
           ruin
           them
           ,
           as
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           made
           appear
           by
           Letters
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Resident
           at
           Paris
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           intercepted
           :
           But
           Count
           Egmont
           Governour
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           and
           Artois
           ,
           who
           had
           a
           great
           Interest
           with
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           would
           not
           hearken
           to
           it
           ,
           but
           remonstrated
           
           to
           the
           Assembly
           ,
           that
           they
           ought
           to
           trust
           to
           the
           King's
           Clemency
           and
           Goodness
           .
           Which
           he
           repeated
           again
           at
           Villebrook
           in
           another
           Meeting
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           replyed
           ,
           That
           this
           Clemency
           of
           the
           King
           would
           be
           his
           ruin
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Spaniards
           would
           make
           him
           a
           Bridge
           over
           which
           they
           would
           pass
           into
           Flanders
           ,
           and
           which
           they
           would
           break
           down
           as
           soon
           as
           they
           had
           entred
           .
           After
           this
           the
           Prince
           told
           him
           ,
           that
           since
           he
           took
           so
           little
           Care
           of
           his
           safety
           ,
           he
           would
           provide
           for
           his
           own
           by
           retiring
           into
           Germany
           .
           To
           which
           the
           Count
           answered
           ,
           
             Farewell
             ,
             Prince
             without
             Land
          
           ;
           and
           the
           Prince
           replyed
           ,
           
             Farewell
             ,
             Count
             without
             a
             Head
             ,
          
           which
           Prophecy
           prov'd
           too
           true
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             D.
          
           1568.
           the
           10th
           .
           of
           February
           the
           Spanish
           Inquisition
           declared
           Guilty
           of
           High
           Treason
           ,
           all
           those
           who
           had
           not
           oppos'd
           the
           Hereticks
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           .
           Which
           was
           in
           effect
           condemning
           all
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           which
           the
           Council
           of
           Spain
           had
           a
           design
           to
           destroy
           ,
           particularly
           the
           Great
           Men
           and
           Governours
           of
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           those
           who
           had
           presented
           the
           Address
           against
           the
           Inquisition
           :
           Which
           the
           King
           confirm'd
           by
           an
           Edict
           ,
           which
           bore
           the
           same
           Date
           .
        
         
           This
           done
           ,
           he
           sent
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           Veterane
           Souldiers
           ,
           composed
           of
           Spaniards
           and
           Italians
           ,
           to
           succeed
           Margaret
           Dutchess
           of
           Parma
           ,
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           .
           The
           Duke
           passed
           from
           Spain
           into
           Italy
           ,
           where
           having
           made
           a
           rendezyous
           of
           his
           Troops
           ,
           he
           entred
           into
           Luxemburg
           ,
           
           through
           Savoy
           ,
           the
           County
           of
           Burgundy
           and
           Lorrain
           ,
           and
           crossed
           all
           those
           Countries
           without
           the
           least
           complaint
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           in
           so
           long
           a
           March
           ;
           so
           severe
           was
           the
           Duke
           ,
           and
           so
           strict
           an
           observer
           of
           Military
           Discipline
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           before
           the
           Arrival
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           retired
           into
           Germany
           to
           his
           County
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           giving
           out
           ,
           that
           under
           pretence
           of
           settling
           the
           Inquisition
           ,
           and
           other
           Illegal
           things
           contrary
           to
           the
           Liberties
           and
           Privileges
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           design
           was
           to
           force
           them
           to
           rebel
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           have
           a
           plausible
           pretence
           of
           enslaving
           them
           ,
           and
           Erecting
           a
           Despotick
           Government
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           as
           a
           revolted
           ,
           and
           conquered
           Nation
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           as
           they
           had
           done
           with
           the
           
             Indies
             ,
             Naples
             ,
             Sicily
             ,
             Milan
          
           and
           Sardinia
           .
           And
           indeed
           the
           severity
           ,
           and
           cruelty
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           confirm'd
           what
           the
           Prince
           gave
           out
           ;
           not
           only
           to
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           but
           all
           the
           neighbouring
           Princes
           ,
           who
           condemned
           his
           unjust
           and
           violent
           Proceedings
           ,
           and
           particularly
           the
           Emperour
           Maximilian
           ,
           a
           good
           natured
           and
           a
           merciful
           Prince
           .
        
         
           At
           his
           first
           coming
           the
           Duke
           established
           a
           Sovereign
           Council
           of
           twelve
           Judges
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           made
           himself
           the
           President
           .
           They
           were
           all
           men
           of
           the
           Long
           Robe
           ,
           of
           no
           Birth
           nor
           Merit
           ,
           except
           
             le
             Sieurs
             Barlaymont
          
           ,
           and
           Norcairme
           ,
           who
           were
           Gentlemen
           of
           Quality
           .
           The
           most
           eminent
           was
           
             Iohn
             Vargas
          
           a
           Spaniard
           ,
           so
           famous
           for
           his
           Cruelty
           ,
           that
           the
           
           Spaniards
           used
           to
           say
           ,
           They
           had
           need
           of
           as
           keen
           a
           Knife
           as
           that
           of
           Vargas
           to
           cut
           off
           the
           Gangreen
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           .
           There
           was
           also
           one
           Hessels
           ,
           a
           Flemming
           ,
           of
           this
           new
           Council
           ,
           who
           slept
           always
           at
           the
           Tryal
           of
           Criminals
           ,
           and
           when
           they
           awaked
           him
           to
           deliver
           his
           opinion
           ,
           he
           rubbed
           his
           Eyes
           and
           cryed
           between
           sleeping
           and
           waking
           ;
           
             ad
             Patibulum
             ,
             ad
             Patibulum
          
           ,
           to
           the
           Gallows
           ,
           to
           the
           Gallows
           ,
           as
           
             William
             Guerin
          
           Advocate
           General
           of
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Provence
           ;
           who
           said
           ,
           when
           they
           brought
           before
           him
           ,
           one
           of
           Herindol
           suspected
           of
           Heresie
           ,
           
             Tolle
             ,
             Tolle
             ,
             Crucifige
          
           ,
           in
           Imitation
           of
           the
           Iews
           .
           This
           Hessels
           was
           afterwards
           hanged
           upon
           a
           Tree
           ,
           without
           any
           form
           of
           Justice
           or
           Process
           ,
           by
           the
           Governours
           of
           
             Gand
             ,
             Imbise
          
           and
           Rihove
           ,
           whom
           he
           had
           often
           threatned
           by
           his
           gray
           Beard
           to
           hang.
           
        
         
           Sentences
           were
           often
           passed
           by
           only
           two
           or
           three
           Judges
           of
           this
           Council
           ,
           as
           the
           Judgment
           against
           Strales
           a
           Burgomaster
           of
           Antwerp
           ,
           which
           was
           Sign'd
           only
           by
           Vargas
           and
           two
           other
           Spaniards
           .
        
         
           This
           Council
           was
           called
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           The
           Council
           of
           Troubles
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           The
           Council
           of
           Blood.
           By
           the
           Establishment
           of
           this
           Council
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           supream
           Court
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           deprived
           all
           the
           other
           Councils
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           of
           their
           Power
           and
           Jurisdiction
           :
           For
           all
           men
           ,
           without
           Exception
           ,
           were
           denied
           the
           Liberty
           of
           appealing
           ,
           even
           the
           Knights
           of
           the
           
             Golden
             Fleece
          
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           Statutes
           of
           their
           
           Order
           were
           to
           be
           tryed
           by
           their
           Peers
           alone
           ,
           in
           the
           Presence
           of
           the
           King
           :
           Which
           was
           contrary
           to
           all
           Privileges
           .
           The
           Judges
           of
           the
           Country
           were
           forbid
           to
           take
           cognizance
           of
           the
           last
           Troubles
           ;
           and
           all
           the
           Councils
           of
           the
           Provinces
           were
           to
           Answer
           before
           this
           Tribunal
           .
           A
           rich
           Burgher
           was
           condemned
           to
           Death
           ,
           his
           hands
           being
           tyed
           behind
           his
           Back
           ,
           being
           bound
           to
           the
           Tail
           of
           a
           Horse
           ,
           and
           mercilesly
           dragged
           to
           the
           place
           of
           Execution
           .
        
         
           The
           First
           and
           second
           Days
           of
           Iune
           ,
           Eighteen
           Lords
           and
           Gentlemen
           were
           barbarously
           executed
           at
           Brussels
           ;
           among
           the
           rest
           the
           two
           Barons
           of
           Battembourg
           Brothers
           ;
           
             Iohn
             de
             Montigny
          
           Lord
           of
           Villiers
           ,
           and
           the
           Lord
           
             de
             Huy
          
           a
           Bastard
           of
           the
           Counts
           of
           Namur
           ;
           Drums
           beating
           all
           the
           time
           of
           their
           Execution
           ,
           that
           their
           dying
           Speeches
           might
           not
           be
           heard
           ;
           nor
           the
           People
           stirred
           up
           to
           Compassion
           by
           hearing
           them
           complain
           of
           the
           Injustice
           which
           had
           been
           done
           to
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           Fifth
           of
           Iune
           following
           were
           publickly
           executed
           at
           Brussels
           ,
           Count
           Egmont
           and
           Count
           Horn
           ,
           several
           Regiments
           of
           Native
           Spaniards
           being
           drawn
           up
           in
           the
           great
           Square
           to
           guard
           the
           Execution
           .
           I
           may
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           Death
           of
           these
           two
           Lords
           cost
           the
           Spanish
           King
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           so
           universally
           were
           they
           loved
           and
           esteemed
           .
        
         
           The
           First
           won
           the
           Battle
           of
           St.
           Quintins
           and
           Gravelins
           .
           The
           French
           Resident
           at
           Brussels
           writ
           to
           Court
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           seen
           that
           Head
           cut
           off
           ,
           which
           had
           twice
           made
           France
           tremble
           .
        
         
         
           Cardinal
           Granville
           never
           feared
           any
           of
           the
           great
           Lords
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           but
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           for
           the
           rest
           were
           not
           capable
           of
           forming
           or
           maintaining
           a
           Party
           ;
           and
           when
           the
           News
           was
           brought
           to
           Rome
           in
           general
           ,
           that
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           had
           seized
           on
           all
           the
           great
           Lords
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ;
           he
           asked
           whether
           Silence
           was
           taken
           ,
           meaning
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           when
           they
           told
           him
           ,
           No
           :
           he
           replyed
           ,
           The
           Duke
           had
           done
           nothing
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           who
           had
           put
           himself
           into
           a
           place
           of
           Security
           ,
           was
           Summoned
           to
           appear
           before
           the
           supream
           Council
           ,
           who
           condemned
           him
           for
           not
           obeying
           :
           For
           he
           appeal'd
           to
           the
           States
           of
           Brabant
           ,
           his
           natural
           Judges
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           himself
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           Knight
           of
           the
           
             Golden
             Fleece
          
           ;
           and
           consequently
           ,
           could
           not
           be
           tryed
           by
           subdeligate
           and
           suspected
           Judges
           ,
           and
           his
           professed
           Enemies
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           King
           himself
           ,
           assisted
           by
           his
           Peers
           the
           Knights
           .
        
         
           Which
           he
           represented
           at
           large
           in
           publick
           Manifesto's
           to
           the
           Emperour
           Maximilian
           and
           the
           German
           Princes
           ,
           who
           approved
           his
           Reasons
           ,
           and
           condemned
           the
           violence
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Spain
           ,
           which
           went
           so
           far
           as
           to
           seize
           on
           his
           eldest
           Son
           William
           Count
           
             de
             Buren
          
           ,
           who
           was
           arrested
           in
           the
           College
           of
           Louvain
           at
           the
           Age
           of
           thirteen
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           privileges
           of
           the
           University
           ,
           and
           the
           Country
           of
           Brabant
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           carried
           Prisoner
           into
           Spain
           .
        
         
         
           This
           hard
           usage
           made
           the
           Prince
           resolve
           to
           pass
           the
           Rubicon
           ,
           and
           hazard
           all
           as
           Caesar
           did
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           to
           do
           himself
           Justice
           ,
           and
           have
           satisfaction
           for
           his
           Injuries
           by
           way
           of
           Arms.
           He
           raised
           an
           Army
           in
           Germany
           ,
           and
           sent
           it
           into
           Friezland
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           Count
           Lodowick
           his
           Brother
           ,
           who
           made
           a
           happy
           beginning
           of
           the
           Compaign
           by
           the
           entire
           defeat
           of
           
             Iohn
             de
             Ligny
          
           ,
           Count
           of
           Aremberg
           ,
           Governour
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           a
           famous
           Captain
           ;
           who
           the
           year
           before
           was
           sent
           General
           of
           a
           considerable
           Army
           into
           France
           ,
           to
           the
           Assistance
           of
           Charles
           the
           Ninth
           ,
           against
           the
           Huguenots
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           boldness
           to
           besiege
           him
           in
           Paris
           ,
           after
           having
           missed
           of
           surprizing
           him
           at
           Meaux
           .
           This
           Count
           of
           Aremberg
           died
           upon
           the
           place
           :
           But
           't
           is
           said
           ,
           he
           revenged
           his
           Death
           by
           that
           of
           Count
           Adolphus
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           Brother
           to
           William
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           Count
           Lodowick
           ,
           who
           remained
           Master
           of
           the
           Field
           of
           Battle
           ,
           of
           the
           Baggage
           ,
           and
           Artillery
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Army
           .
        
         
           But
           Count
           Lodowick
           did
           not
           long
           enjoy
           the
           pleasure
           of
           this
           Victory
           ;
           for
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           fell
           upon
           him
           in
           the
           same
           Country
           with
           old
           Disciplin'd
           Troops
           ,
           at
           a
           time
           when
           the
           Germans
           ,
           instead
           of
           preparing
           for
           a
           vigorous
           defence
           against
           so
           powerful
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           mutinied
           and
           demanded
           their
           Pay
           ,
           and
           routed
           his
           Army
           ,
           the
           most
           part
           of
           which
           were
           drown'd
           in
           the
           River
           Ems
           which
           lay
           behind
           them
           .
           Count
           Lodowick
           with
           great
           difficulty
           saved
           his
           Life
           which
           he
           had
           certainly
           lost
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           not
           met
           with
           a
           little
           Boat
           ,
           and
           crossed
           the
           River
           
           which
           is
           very
           wide
           as
           it
           falling
           into
           the
           Seas
           ,
           leaving
           all
           his
           Baggage
           ,
           and
           Artillery
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           a
           steady
           and
           unshaken
           Courage
           in
           all
           his
           misfortunes
           ,
           without
           being
           startled
           at
           this
           Blow
           ,
           raises
           another
           Army
           of
           Twenty
           four
           thousand
           German
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ,
           which
           he
           joyned
           with
           a
           Body
           of
           Four
           thousand
           French
           ,
           Commanded
           by
           
             Francis
             de
             Hangest
          
           Lord
           of
           Genlis
           .
           Before
           he
           entred
           into
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           he
           published
           a
           Manifesto
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           lays
           open
           the
           Reasons
           he
           had
           to
           take
           up
           Arms
           ,
           clears
           himself
           of
           the
           Crimes
           he
           was
           charged
           with
           ,
           excepts
           against
           the
           
             Bloody
             Council
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           who
           pretended
           to
           be
           his
           Judge
           .
           He
           owns
           that
           he
           had
           quitted
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           for
           a
           Religion
           which
           he
           thought
           more
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Holy
           Scripture
           ;
           declares
           that
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           make
           War
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           to
           free
           it
           from
           the
           Slavery
           the
           Spaniards
           were
           preparing
           for
           it
           ,
           as
           in
           Duty
           bound
           ,
           being
           one
           of
           the
           great
           Lords
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           .
           He
           hopes
           that
           King
           Philip
           whose
           good
           Inclinations
           were
           obstructed
           by
           the
           ill
           Counsels
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           will
           one
           day
           better
           consider
           the
           Fidelity
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           the
           Oath
           he
           publickly
           took
           of
           preserving
           their
           Privileges
           :
           He
           says
           that
           the
           Laws
           of
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Brabant
           dispense
           with
           the
           Subjects
           ,
           from
           paying
           that
           obedience
           to
           the
           Errors
           and
           Mistakes
           of
           their
           Princes
           ,
           which
           they
           only
           owe
           to
           their
           lawful
           Commands
           ,
           which
           ought
           to
           be
           conformable
           
           to
           the
           Customs
           of
           the
           Province
           .
           He
           added
           that
           the
           Brabantines
           never
           suffered
           any
           Prince
           to
           take
           Possession
           of
           the
           Government
           before
           they
           had
           agreed
           with
           him
           ;
           That
           if
           the
           Prince
           breaks
           the
           Laws
           ,
           and
           the
           Constitutions
           of
           the
           Dutchy
           ,
           the
           Subjects
           shall
           be
           absolved
           from
           their
           Oath
           of
           Allegiance
           ,
           till
           their
           Injuries
           are
           redressed
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           the
           Prince
           having
           passed
           the
           Rhine
           ,
           crossed
           the
           Meuse
           happily
           between
           Ruremonde
           and
           Mastreicht
           ,
           though
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           was
           on
           the
           other
           side
           of
           the
           River
           to
           dispute
           the
           passage
           with
           him
           .
           He
           passed
           his
           Foot
           over
           at
           a
           Ford
           ,
           whilst
           the
           Horse
           who
           stood
           above
           ,
           broke
           the
           force
           of
           the
           River
           ;
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           as
           Caesar
           passed
           the
           River
           Segre
           near
           Lerida
           in
           Catalonia
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           would
           not
           believe
           the
           Count
           of
           Barlaymont
           ,
           who
           brought
           him
           the
           first
           News
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           asked
           him
           whether
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange's
           Army
           were
           Birds
           .
        
         
           Thus
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           entred
           into
           Brabant
           .
           But
           the
           Duke
           who
           would
           not
           stake
           the
           Netherlands
           upon
           the
           Success
           of
           a
           Battle
           against
           a
           fresh
           Army
           ,
           and
           stronger
           than
           his
           own
           ,
           having
           fortifyed
           all
           the
           Towns
           ,
           and
           covering
           himself
           with
           Rivers
           ,
           and
           posting
           himself
           very
           advantageously
           ,
           laughed
           at
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           presented
           him
           Battle
           every
           day
           .
           For
           after
           the
           Prince
           had
           made
           Twenty
           nine
           Incampments
           ,
           without
           being
           able
           to
           draw
           the
           Duke
           to
           an
           Engagement
           ,
           being
           received
           into
           no
           City
           ,
           contrary
           to
           his
           hopes
           ,
           and
           pressed
           by
           Famine
           in
           a
           little
           
           Country
           ,
           uncapable
           of
           supplying
           longer
           so
           numerous
           an
           Army
           ,
           and
           his
           Souldiers
           mutinying
           and
           demanding
           their
           Pay
           ,
           (
           in
           one
           of
           which
           Mutinies
           some
           Officers
           were
           killed
           in
           his
           sight
           ,
           and
           he
           himself
           had
           been
           shot
           if
           the
           Pistol
           bullet
           had
           not
           lighted
           on
           the
           Pommel
           of
           his
           Sword
           ,
           )
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           disband
           his
           Army
           ,
           which
           refused
           to
           follow
           him
           into
           France
           ,
           to
           the
           Assistance
           of
           the
           Huguenots
           ,
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Officers
           telling
           him
           ,
           That
           they
           promised
           to
           serve
           only
           against
           Spain
           ,
           not
           France
           .
           He
           paid
           the
           Army
           with
           the
           little
           ready
           Money
           he
           had
           ,
           with
           his
           Plate
           ,
           and
           the
           Money
           which
           the
           Sale
           of
           his
           Artillery
           and
           his
           Baggage
           yielded
           him
           ,
           engaging
           to
           the
           principal
           Commanders
           ,
           his
           Principality
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           his
           other
           Lordships
           for
           the
           Security
           of
           what
           he
           ow'd
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           extraordinary
           prudence
           and
           firmness
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           can
           never
           be
           enough
           admired
           ,
           who
           found
           out
           an
           excellent
           way
           of
           beating
           his
           Enemies
           without
           fighting
           ,
           whereas
           other
           Victories
           are
           usually
           won
           by
           bloody
           and
           hazardous
           Battles
           .
        
         
           He
           swore
           to
           the
           Messenger
           who
           came
           from
           his
           eldest
           Son
           
             Frederick
             de
             Toledo
          
           ,
           and
           
             Chiapin
             Vitelli
          
           ,
           Marquess
           of
           Celone
           ,
           his
           
             Mareschal
             de
             Camp
          
           ,
           to
           press
           him
           to
           give
           the
           Enemies
           Battle
           ,
           That
           't
           was
           a
           strange
           thing
           they
           would
           not
           suffer
           him
           to
           manage
           the
           War
           as
           he
           pleased
           ,
           and
           that
           if
           any
           durst
           talk
           to
           him
           of
           fighting
           again
           ,
           he
           should
           never
           return
           alive
           .
        
         
         
           This
           Marquess
           of
           Vitelli
           was
           a
           brave
           Captain
           ,
           and
           had
           done
           such
           great
           Services
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           Tuscany
           in
           his
           Wars
           ,
           that
           King
           Philip
           demanded
           him
           of
           the
           Duke
           ,
           to
           Command
           his
           Army
           under
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           .
           He
           behaved
           himself
           extreamly
           well
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           and
           died
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           
             Commendador
             de
             Requisons
          
           ,
           who
           succeeded
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           .
           He
           was
           so
           prodigiously
           Fat
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           gird
           up
           his
           Belly
           to
           be
           able
           to
           walk
           .
           As
           he
           was
           a
           great
           Eater
           ,
           and
           reckoned
           an
           Atheist
           ,
           after
           his
           Death
           the
           Gueux
           made
           this
           Epitaph
           on
           him
           .
           
             
               O
               Deus
               omnipotens
               ,
               crassi
               miserere
               Vitelli
               ,
            
             
               Quem
               Mors
               praeveniens
               non
               sinit
               esse
               bovem
               .
            
             
               Corpus
               in
               Italiâ
               est
               ,
               tenet
               intestina
               Brabantus
               ;
            
             
               Ast
               animam
               nemo
               ,
               cur
               ?
               quia
               non
               habuit
               .
            
          
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           disbanded
           his
           Army
           in
           Strasbourg
           ,
           where
           he
           arrived
           from
           the
           Netherlands
           through
           the
           Frontiers
           of
           
             Picardy
             ,
             Champagne
          
           and
           Lorrain
           .
        
         
           Between
           
             le
             Quesnoy
          
           and
           Cambray
           ,
           the
           Prince
           cut
           off
           Eighteen
           Companies
           of
           Foot
           ,
           and
           three
           hundred
           Horse
           ,
           and
           made
           almost
           all
           the
           Officers
           Prisoners
           .
           
             Don
             Rufillé
             Henriquus
          
           ,
           Son
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           with
           many
           others
           ,
           were
           killed
           upon
           the
           place
           ,
           which
           was
           some
           satisfaction
           to
           him
           for
           the
           Blow
           he
           had
           received
           in
           Brabant
           ,
           where
           Count
           Hochstrate
           received
           a
           mortal
           Wound
           ,
           and
           died
           not
           long
           after
           very
           much
           regretted
           by
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           for
           
           his
           Valour
           and
           unmovable
           Fidelity
           to
           his
           Party
           .
           
             Philip
             de
             Morbais
          
           Lord
           of
           Louverval
           ,
           was
           taken
           Prisoner
           in
           the
           same
           Action
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           beheaded
           at
           Brussels
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           out
           of
           this
           great
           Army
           reserved
           to
           himself
           only
           a
           Body
           of
           Twelve
           hundred
           Horse
           ,
           and
           with
           his
           Brothers
           ,
           Count
           Lodowick
           and
           Henry
           ,
           joyned
           the
           Prince
           
             Palatine
             Wolfgang
          
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Deuxponts
           ,
           whom
           he
           found
           ready
           to
           enter
           France
           ,
           to
           the
           Succours
           of
           the
           Huguenots
           .
           He
           was
           present
           at
           the
           taking
           of
           
             la
             Charité
          
           ,
           which
           was
           very
           happy
           for
           that
           Party
           ,
           for
           if
           the
           Germans
           had
           not
           made
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           a
           passage
           over
           the
           River
           Loire
           ,
           they
           could
           never
           have
           joyned
           the
           Admiral
           .
           He
           was
           afterwards
           in
           the
           Battle
           of
           
             Roche
             la
             ville
             .
             D'
             Avila
          
           observes
           ,
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           on
           this
           occasion
           Commanded
           the
           main
           Battle
           of
           the
           Huguenots
           Army
           ,
           with
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Rochefoucaut
          
           ,
           and
           that
           Count
           Lodowick
           of
           Nassau
           his
           Brother
           ,
           signalized
           himself
           in
           the
           Vanguard
           against
           
             Philip
             Strozzi
          
           ,
           Colonel
           of
           the
           
             French
             Infantry
          
           ,
           who
           advancing
           too
           forward
           ,
           was
           made
           Prisoner
           by
           the
           Huguenots
           .
           The
           same
           Author
           assures
           us
           ,
           that
           't
           was
           at
           
             Roche
             la
             ville
          
           ,
           where
           the
           King
           of
           Navarre
           ,
           afterwards
           Henry
           the
           Great
           ,
           began
           to
           give
           Proofs
           of
           the
           Courage
           ,
           which
           he
           has
           since
           made
           appear
           on
           so
           many
           dangerous
           occasions
           .
           He
           was
           afterwards
           at
           the
           Siege
           of
           Poictiers
           which
           was
           fatal
           to
           the
           Huguenots
           ,
           for
           when
           they
           had
           ruined
           their
           Army
           before
           the
           place
           ,
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           to
           relieve
           Chatelleraut
           .
           At
           last
           
           he
           quitted
           the
           Camp
           at
           
             Foy
             la
             Binese
          
           near
           Richelieu
           ,
           disguised
           like
           a
           Peasant
           ,
           with
           four
           Men
           in
           his
           Company
           ;
           and
           after
           having
           crossed
           Tourrain
           and
           Berry
           with
           great
           difficulty
           ,
           he
           arrived
           at
           
             la
             Charité
          
           ,
           and
           then
           Montbeliard
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           retired
           into
           his
           County
           of
           Nassau
           to
           raise
           new
           Forces
           .
           His
           Brother
           Count
           Lodowick
           was
           afterwards
           at
           the
           Battle
           of
           Moncountour
           ,
           whence
           he
           saved
           himself
           in
           Company
           of
           the
           Admiral
           
             de
             Chatillon
          
           ,
           and
           a
           Body
           of
           the
           Huguenot
           Horse
           .
        
         
           This
           year
           the
           Admiral
           advised
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           to
           give
           out
           Commissions
           for
           Commands
           at
           Sea
           ,
           to
           several
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           driven
           out
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           who
           after
           having
           put
           to
           Death
           a
           vast
           number
           of
           Men
           ,
           forced
           all
           People
           to
           pay
           the
           Tenth
           penny
           for
           the
           Sale
           of
           their
           Moveables
           ,
           the
           Twentieth
           for
           immoveables
           ,
           and
           the
           Hundreth
           penny
           for
           all
           they
           possessed
           .
           The
           Admiral
           assured
           the
           Prince
           ,
           that
           if
           he
           could
           once
           set
           Footing
           in
           Holland
           or
           in
           Zealand
           ,
           Countries
           very
           strongly
           situated
           ,
           't
           would
           be
           difficult
           to
           force
           him
           out
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           so
           well
           beloved
           by
           the
           People
           ,
           who
           would
           never
           fail
           him
           at
           his
           need
           .
        
         
           William
           Lord
           of
           Lumay
           ,
           descended
           from
           the
           Count
           
             de
             la
             Mare
          
           ,
           was
           the
           chief
           of
           these
           Refugees
           .
           He
           and
           his
           Associates
           were
           called
           the
           
             Sea
             Gueux
          
           by
           way
           of
           distinction
           from
           the
           Land
           Gueux
           .
           This
           advice
           of
           the
           Admiral
           was
           very
           useful
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           was
           a
           sort
           of
           Prophecy
           of
           his
           Establishment
           in
           
           those
           Provinces
           ,
           for
           by
           this
           means
           he
           possessed
           himself
           of
           all
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           ,
           and
           was
           as
           Successful
           and
           Victorious
           at
           Sea
           ,
           as
           he
           had
           been
           unfortunate
           at
           Land
           ;
           for
           't
           was
           observed
           ,
           that
           in
           Ten
           years
           continual
           War
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           were
           always
           beaten
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           at
           Sea.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           Year
           1570.
           
           Peace
           being
           concluded
           with
           the
           Huguenots
           ,
           the
           Court
           of
           France
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           amuse
           and
           over-reach
           the
           Huguenots
           ,
           made
           a
           shew
           of
           employing
           them
           against
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           under
           the
           conduct
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alenzon
           ,
           Admiral
           Colligny
           ,
           and
           Count
           Lodowick
           of
           Nassau
           .
           The
           Court
           pretended
           to
           be
           dissatisfied
           with
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           for
           poysoning
           Isabella
           of
           France
           his
           Wife
           ,
           whose
           Death
           the
           French
           gave
           out
           they
           would
           revenge
           ,
           and
           the
           Murders
           of
           the
           French
           that
           had
           been
           Massacre'd
           in
           Florida
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           .
           They
           promised
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           by
           Count
           Lodowick
           his
           Brother
           ,
           whom
           they
           had
           loaded
           with
           Honours
           and
           Caresses
           ,
           a
           considerable
           supply
           of
           Men
           and
           Money
           ,
           and
           the
           Sovereignty
           of
           
             Zealand
             ,
             Utrecht
          
           ,
           and
           Friezland
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           would
           joyn
           the
           other
           Provinces
           to
           France
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           upon
           these
           great
           hopes
           and
           appearances
           which
           proved
           false
           ,
           refused
           a
           very
           advantageous
           and
           secure
           Treaty
           ,
           which
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           offered
           him
           from
           the
           part
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           sent
           Forces
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           his
           Brother-in-Law
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Bergues
          
           ,
           to
           make
           an
           Attempt
           upon
           Gueldres
           and
           Over-Yssel
           .
           The
           
           Count
           took
           Zutphen
           and
           several
           other
           places
           .
           His
           Brother
           Count
           Lodowick
           was
           to
           make
           a
           considerable
           effort
           on
           the
           side
           of
           Hainault
           ,
           where
           he
           surprized
           Mons
           ,
           the
           Capital
           of
           that
           Province
           ,
           which
           diversion
           hindred
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           from
           retaking
           the
           Cities
           of
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           that
           had
           newly
           declared
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           which
           he
           might
           easily
           have
           done
           at
           a
           time
           when
           they
           were
           unprovided
           of
           forces
           and
           necessaries
           for
           their
           defence
           .
           But
           nothing
           incensed
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           so
           much
           as
           the
           surprizing
           of
           Mons
           which
           he
           resolved
           to
           recover
           at
           any
           rate
           ,
           leaving
           every
           thing
           else
           to
           apply
           himself
           wholly
           to
           this
           seige
           ,
           which
           gave
           time
           to
           the
           revolted
           Cities
           to
           draw
           breath
           ,
           and
           furnish
           themselves
           at
           Leisure
           with
           Men
           and
           Ammunition
           .
        
         
           The
           brave
           Defence
           of
           Count
           Lodowick
           ,
           assisted
           by
           Mounsieur
           
             de
             la
             Nove
             bras
             de
             fer
             ,
          
           and
           many
           of
           the
           French
           Nobility
           ,
           made
           the
           Siege
           of
           Mons
           very
           long
           and
           difficult
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           fired
           above
           20000
           Canon-shot
           against
           it
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           who
           had
           retired
           into
           Germany
           ,
           had
           raised
           a
           greater
           Army
           than
           his
           first
           ,
           to
           enter
           into
           Brabant
           ,
           where
           the
           Cruelty
           and
           Exactions
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           made
           him
           hope
           for
           better
           Success
           than
           he
           had
           in
           his
           first
           Invasion
           .
           This
           Army
           was
           to
           be
           paid
           with
           the
           money
           the
           French
           Court
           had
           promised
           to
           supply
           him
           with
           .
           Thus
           the
           Prince
           believed
           with
           reason
           that
           the
           Spanish
           Forces
           would
           not
           be
           able
           to
           defend
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           
           attack'd
           on
           so
           many
           sides
           by
           Land
           ,
           whilest
           by
           Sea
           they
           were
           gauled
           by
           the
           Counts
           
             de
             la
             Mark
             ,
             Sonoy
             ,
             Treton
             ,
          
           the
           Brothers
           Boisols
           ,
           and
           
             Bertel
             Entens
          
           his
           Lieutenants
           in
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           ,
           where
           they
           had
           great
           Success
           ,
           as
           I
           shall
           afterwards
           declare
           .
        
         
           The
           Spaniards
           were
           never
           in
           so
           great
           danger
           of
           losing
           the
           Netherlands
           as
           at
           that
           Conjuncture
           .
           The
           hopes
           of
           the
           Prince
           were
           not
           groundless
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           probability
           the
           Spaniards
           had
           been
           quite
           driven
           out
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           if
           France
           had
           made
           good
           its
           promises
           .
        
         
           Thus
           this
           great
           Man
           ,
           who
           had
           so
           many
           Strings
           to
           his
           Bow
           ,
           parted
           from
           Germany
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           to
           enter
           into
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           when
           he
           found
           all
           People
           driven
           to
           despair
           by
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           and
           ready
           to
           receive
           him
           with
           open
           arms
           .
           First
           he
           was
           received
           into
           Ruremonde
           ,
           where
           he
           passed
           his
           Army
           over
           the
           Bridge
           into
           
             Brabant
             .
             Louvain
          
           gave
           him
           a
           sum
           of
           money
           ,
           and
           Malines
           opened
           its
           Gates
           to
           him
           ,
           which
           cost
           that
           poor
           City
           very
           dear
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           was
           absent
           at
           the
           Siege
           of
           Mons
           which
           he
           resolved
           to
           take
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           designed
           to
           relieve
           ,
           as
           well
           to
           save
           so
           important
           a
           Place
           ,
           as
           to
           deliver
           his
           brother
           Lodowick
           from
           the
           danger
           he
           was
           in
           .
           But
           Mr.
           
             de
             Genlis
          
           who
           marched
           from
           France
           to
           the
           relief
           of
           the
           place
           with
           7000
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ,
           having
           been
           defeated
           and
           taken
           Prisoner
           by
           
             Frederick
             de
             Toledo
          
           ,
           who
           had
           gone
           out
           to
           meet
           him
           ,
           upon
           the
           secret
           intelligence
           
           which
           he
           received
           from
           the
           Court
           of
           France
           of
           his
           marching
           towards
           Mons
           ,
           and
           the
           condition
           of
           his
           Forces
           .
           The
           Prince
           having
           attempted
           in
           vain
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           ,
           for
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           had
           intrenched
           himself
           so
           strongly
           that
           't
           was
           impossible
           to
           force
           his
           lines
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           understanding
           by
           the
           discharging
           of
           the
           great
           Guns
           and
           other
           signs
           of
           rejoycing
           in
           the
           Camp
           ,
           of
           the
           Massacre
           of
           St.
           Bartholomew
           ,
           where
           Admiral
           
             de
             Chatillon
          
           and
           all
           his
           principal
           friends
           had
           been
           kill'd
           ,
           and
           having
           no
           hopes
           from
           the
           French
           who
           had
           deceived
           him
           ,
           but
           on
           the
           contrary
           having
           all
           the
           reason
           in
           the
           world
           to
           be
           apprehensive
           of
           so
           great
           a
           Kingdom
           which
           had
           declared
           against
           his
           party
           and
           religion
           ,
           he
           advised
           his
           brother
           Lodowick
           to
           make
           an
           honourable
           Composition
           ,
           which
           was
           granted
           him
           ,
           and
           he
           himself
           retired
           by
           small
           Marches
           towards
           the
           Rhine
           .
           In
           this
           retreat
           he
           was
           in
           great
           danger
           of
           being
           kill'd
           by
           the
           Enemies
           and
           his
           own
           Soldiers
           .
           For
           the
           German
           officers
           talked
           of
           arresting
           him
           to
           secure
           the
           payment
           of
           their
           arrears
           ,
           which
           they
           were
           promised
           should
           be
           paid
           at
           their
           arrival
           in
           Brabant
           ,
           where
           he
           expected
           to
           receive
           the
           money
           the
           French
           had
           promised
           him
           .
           But
           this
           eloquent
           and
           engaging
           Prince
           appeas'd
           the
           mutiny
           ,
           by
           assuring
           them
           't
           was
           not
           his
           fault
           ,
           and
           satisfied
           them
           with
           promises
           and
           the
           little
           ready
           money
           he
           had
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           other
           side
           he
           was
           in
           great
           danger
           of
           his
           Life
           at
           Malines
           ;
           800
           Spanish
           Horse
           ,
           who
           had
           chosen
           men
           mounted
           behind
           them
           ,
           
           entered
           into
           his
           Camp
           by
           night
           ,
           and
           pierced
           as
           far
           as
           his
           tent
           ,
           and
           would
           have
           killed
           him
           as
           he
           slept
           ,
           if
           a
           little
           dog
           who
           lay
           in
           his
           Bed
           ,
           had
           not
           waked
           him
           by
           scratching
           his
           face
           with
           his
           claws
           ;
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           being
           cut
           off
           ,
           he
           marched
           strait
           on
           to
           the
           Rhine
           ,
           where
           he
           disbanded
           his
           Army
           at
           Orsay
           ,
           and
           went
           through
           Over-Yssell
           to
           Utrecht
           ,
           and
           thence
           to
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           ,
           which
           had
           declared
           for
           him
           ,
           all
           except
           Middleburg
           and
           Amsterdam
           ,
           in
           the
           following
           manner
           .
        
         
           Whilest
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           a
           Refugee
           in
           France
           and
           Germany
           ,
           and
           wandring
           from
           Province
           to
           Province
           ,
           
             William
             de
             la
             Mark
             Boissols
             .
             Siegneurs
             de
             Lumay
             ,
             Sonoy
             ,
             Treton
             ,
          
           the
           
             Boissols
             Entens
          
           ,
           and
           others
           who
           acted
           under
           the
           Orders
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           turned
           Pirates
           and
           practised
           the
           trade
           a
           long
           time
           with
           great
           Success
           ,
           till
           having
           no
           longer
           a
           retreat
           in
           the
           Ports
           of
           England
           ,
           which
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           denied
           them
           at
           the
           instance
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           and
           for
           Fear
           of
           making
           the
           Spaniards
           her
           Enemies
           ,
           the
           Count
           
             de
             la
             Mark
          
           and
           the
           rest
           ,
           designing
           to
           seize
           a
           Port
           in
           North-Holland
           or
           Friezland
           ,
           were
           obliged
           by
           the
           contrary
           Winds
           to
           put
           in
           for
           shelter
           ,
           with
           30
           great
           and
           Small
           Ships
           ,
           into
           the
           Isle
           of
           Vorn
           in
           Holland
           where
           the
           Brill
           is
           ,
           which
           they
           took
           by
           surprize
           ,
           having
           found
           it
           without
           a
           Garrison
           ,
           which
           was
           sent
           to
           punish
           Utrecht
           for
           refusing
           to
           pay
           the
           tenth
           penny
           .
        
         
           This
           Count
           
             de
             la
             Mark
          
           was
           a
           rash
           and
           a
           cruel
           man.
           He
           swore
           never
           to
           shave
           his
           
           Beard
           nor
           Head
           till
           he
           had
           revenged
           the
           death
           of
           Count
           Egmont
           and
           Horn.
           When
           he
           had
           surprized
           the
           Brill
           ,
           which
           signifies
           Spectacles
           in
           the
           Flemish
           Tongue
           ,
           he
           had
           himself
           painted
           in
           a
           large
           piece
           ,
           with
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           behind
           ,
           whom
           he
           stood
           and
           put
           Spectacles
           on
           his
           Nose
           by
           way
           of
           Derision
           ,
           it
           being
           a
           term
           of
           Contempt
           in
           Holland
           ,
           to
           say
           a
           man
           wants
           light
           .
        
         
           He
           put
           ten
           pieces
           of
           Money
           in
           his
           colours
           in
           hatred
           of
           the
           Imposition
           which
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           had
           established
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           him
           more
           odious
           .
        
         
           The
           Count
           
             de
             Bossut
          
           Governor
           of
           Holland
           for
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           made
           a
           fruitless
           attempt
           to
           drive
           them
           out
           of
           the
           Brill
           .
           Many
           other
           Cities
           of
           Holland
           ,
           viz
           
             Horn
             ,
             Alkmar
             ,
             Edam
             ,
             Goude
             ,
             Oudewater
             ,
             Leyden
             ,
             Gorcum
             ,
             Harlem
             ,
          
           and
           all
           Zealand
           ,
           except
           Middleburg
           ,
           following
           the
           Example
           of
           the
           Brill
           ,
           abandoned
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           and
           declared
           for
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
             .
             Flushing
          
           ,
           a
           considerable
           City
           and
           Port
           of
           Zealand
           ,
           was
           one
           of
           the
           first
           that
           revolted
           ,
           by
           the
           perswasion
           of
           the
           Priest
           ,
           who
           on
           Easter-day
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           saying
           Mass
           ,
           exhorted
           the
           People
           to
           recover
           their
           Liberty
           .
           This
           Air
           of
           sedition
           having
           blown
           the
           People
           into
           a
           flame
           ,
           they
           immediately
           went
           to
           their
           Arms
           ,
           and
           forced
           the
           Spanish
           Garrison
           to
           leave
           the
           place
           .
           But
           they
           arrested
           
             Alvarez
             Pacheco
          
           ,
           a
           Spaniard
           and
           Relation
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           who
           was
           superintendant
           of
           the
           Fortifications
           of
           the
           Cittadel
           which
           was
           building
           at
           Flushing
           .
           He
           was
           immediately
           hanged
           
           by
           order
           of
           Treton
           ,
           who
           revenged
           on
           him
           the
           death
           of
           his
           brother
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           beheaded
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           at
           Brussels
           4
           years
           before
           .
           Pacheco
           in
           vain
           represented
           that
           he
           was
           a
           Gentleman
           ,
           and
           desired
           the
           favour
           to
           be
           beheaded
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           hanged
           publickly
           on
           a
           Gibbet
           .
        
         
           I
           wonder
           at
           the
           variety
           of
           opinions
           I
           have
           met
           with
           in
           the
           most
           famous
           Historians
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           concerning
           this
           
             Pacheco
             .
             Grotius
          
           says
           he
           was
           a
           Savoyard
           ,
           though
           
             Benlivoglio
             ,
             Strada
             ,
             Meursius
          
           and
           
             Emanuel
             de
             Metteren
          
           ,
           do
           all
           agree
           he
           was
           a
           
             Spaniard
             .
             Cardinal
             Bentivoglio
          
           says
           he
           was
           beheaded
           ,
           and
           others
           write
           that
           he
           was
           hanged
           :
           on
           the
           other
           side
           Meursius
           calls
           this
           Gentleman
           who
           was
           executed
           ,
           a
           Relation
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Alva
             ,
             Pacioli
          
           ,
           although
           the
           others
           call
           him
           Pacheco
           ,
           confounding
           this
           Pacheco
           with
           
             Francis
             Paciotti
          
           of
           Urbin
           ,
           Count
           
             de
             Montefabre
          
           ,
           so
           famous
           for
           his
           skill
           in
           fortifications
           and
           other
           engines
           of
           War
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           had
           built
           the
           Cittadel
           at
           Antwerp
           ,
           his
           name
           was
           given
           to
           one
           of
           the
           Bastions
           by
           order
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           the
           four
           others
           were
           called
           the
           
             Duke
             ,
             Ferdinand
             ,
             Toledo
          
           and
           Alva
           ,
           not
           one
           by
           the
           name
           of
           the
           King
           his
           Master
           But
           to
           return
           to
           this
           
             Pacheco
             ,
             Emanuel
             de
             Metteren
          
           ,
           though
           a
           very
           exact
           Historian
           ,
           names
           him
           
             Pierre
             Pacheco
          
           ,
           though
           
             Famianus
             Strada
          
           ,
           who
           was
           better
           informed
           ,
           names
           him
           Alvarez
           .
           Which
           shows
           that
           the
           greatest
           men
           are
           liable
           to
           mistakes
           .
        
         
           The
           Sea
           Gueux
           in
           requital
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva's
           cruelty
           ,
           hanged
           all
           the
           Prisoners
           they
           
           made
           without
           distinction
           ,
           but
           the
           Spaniards
           they
           tyed
           by
           couples
           back
           to
           back
           and
           threw
           them
           into
           the
           Sea.
           
        
         
           As
           soon
           as
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           arrived
           in
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           ,
           he
           made
           the
           
             Sieur
             Diederic
          
           or
           
             Theoderick
             de
             Sonoy
          
           ,
           a
           Friezland
           Gentleman
           ,
           his
           Lieutenant
           in
           North-Holland
           ,
           otherwise
           called
           Westfrise
           ,
           and
           
             Charles
             B●…issol
          
           Governor
           of
           Flushing
           ,
           and
           his
           Brother
           
             Lewis
             Boissol
          
           Admiral
           These
           two
           Gentlemen
           were
           of
           Brussles
           ,
           and
           being
           condemned
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           follow'd
           the
           ●…ortunes
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
        
         
           About
           that
           time
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           met
           at
           Dordrecht
           ,
           where
           they
           acknowledg'd
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           for
           their
           Governour
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           absent
           ,
           and
           obliged
           themselves
           by
           oath
           never
           to
           abandon
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           in
           like
           manner
           swore
           by
           his
           proxy
           
             Philip
             de
             Marnix
             Sieur
             de
             St.
             Aldegonde
             ,
          
           to
           continue
           inviolably
           devoted
           to
           their
           interests
           .
           'T
           was
           observed
           in
           this
           Assembly
           that
           
             St.
             Aldegonde
          
           gave
           his
           hand
           to
           all
           the
           Deputies
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           they
           to
           him
           ,
           in
           token
           of
           their
           mutual
           confidence
           and
           fidelity
           .
        
         
           William
           Count
           
             de
             la
             Mark
          
           then
           present
           ,
           was
           declared
           Lieutenant
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           but
           rebelling
           some
           time
           after
           against
           the
           Prince
           with
           his
           confidentt
           
             Bertel
             Entens
          
           as
           rash
           as
           himself
           ;
           they
           were
           both
           seized
           on
           ,
           and
           they
           would
           have
           proceeded
           to
           the
           Trial
           of
           the
           Count
           ,
           if
           the
           consideration
           of
           his
           alliances
           and
           great
           services
           had
           not
           pleaded
           for
           him
           ,
           for
           he
           had
           been
           guilty
           of
           great
           cruelties
           
           to
           some
           good
           Ecclesiasticks
           which
           deserved
           a
           severe
           punishment
           .
           After
           he
           was
           out
           of
           Prison
           he
           retired
           to
           Leige
           where
           he
           died
           of
           the
           bite
           of
           one
           of
           his
           mad
           dogs
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           did
           all
           things
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           all
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           Government
           in
           his
           own
           hands
           ,
           such
           an
           intire
           confidence
           had
           the
           People
           in
           him
           .
           There
           were
           anciently
           but
           six
           Cities
           in
           Holland
           that
           had
           right
           to
           vote
           in
           the
           States
           ,
           viz
           ,
           
             Dordrecht
             ,
             Harlem
             ,
             Leyden
             ,
             Delft
             ,
             Amsterdam
          
           and
           Goude
           ,
           the
           Prince
           added
           twelve
           others
           to
           these
           six
           ,
           viz
           ,
           
             Rotterdam
             ,
             Gorcum
             ,
             Schedam
             ,
             Sconen
             ,
             la
             Brille
             ,
             Alkmar
             ,
             Horn
             ,
             Enkhusen
             ,
             Edam
             ,
             Munikedam
             ,
             Medimblet
          
           and
           Purmerend
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           engage
           these
           Cities
           in
           his
           interest
           by
           the
           honour
           he
           had
           done
           them
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           might
           be
           the
           better
           affected
           to
           him
           in
           the
           assembly
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           ease
           the
           publick
           miseries
           and
           grievances
           the
           more
           effectually
           by
           being
           acquainted
           with
           them
           .
           He
           had
           the
           absolute
           disposal
           of
           all
           Employments
           and
           charges
           ,
           but
           refused
           the
           name
           of
           King
           and
           contented
           himself
           with
           the
           Power
           .
        
         
           At
           that
           time
           he
           banished
           all
           the
           Romish
           Ceremonies
           out
           of
           the
           Churches
           ,
           that
           this
           difference
           of
           Religion
           might
           out
           off
           all
           means
           of
           an
           accommodation
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           who
           were
           sworn
           Enemies
           to
           the
           
             new
             opinions
          
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             D.
          
           1572
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           after
           the
           recovery
           of
           Mons
           ,
           being
           very
           much
           indisposed
           ,
           sent
           his
           Son
           
             Don
             Frederick
             de
             Toledo
          
           ,
           to
           take
           the
           Cities
           of
           Holland
           and
           Guelderland
           that
           had
           revolted
           from
           him
           .
           
             Don
             Frederick
          
           
           resolved
           to
           make
           Malines
           an
           Example
           ,
           for
           opening
           its
           Gates
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           :
           He
           did
           not
           think
           it
           enough
           to
           pillage
           the
           Town
           for
           several
           days
           together
           ,
           but
           permitted
           his
           Souldiers
           to
           commit
           all
           sorts
           of
           Cruelties
           and
           Barbarities
           ,
           even
           to
           ravish
           the
           Women
           ,
           without
           excepting
           the
           Nuns
           .
           After
           this
           he
           marched
           against
           the
           Marquess
           of
           Bergues
           ,
           routed
           him
           ,
           and
           possessed
           himself
           of
           all
           the
           Towns
           he
           had
           won
           ,
           among
           the
           rest
           of
           Zutphen
           ,
           which
           he
           mercilesly
           gave
           up
           to
           the
           Plunder
           of
           his
           Army
           .
           He
           retook
           Narden
           and
           intirely
           destroyed
           it
           ,
           cutting
           off
           the
           Innocent
           and
           Guilty
           without
           distinction
           of
           Age
           or
           Sex
           ,
           and
           contrary
           to
           the
           Promise
           which
           
             Iulian
             Romero
          
           a
           Spanish
           Colonel
           ,
           had
           made
           to
           the
           Burghers
           of
           saving
           their
           Lives
           ,
           He
           burnt
           the
           Houses
           ,
           razed
           the
           Walls
           ,
           let
           the
           dead
           Bodies
           lie
           Three
           whole
           Weeks
           in
           the
           Streets
           without
           Burial
           .
           An
           excess
           of
           Barbarity
           which
           was
           considered
           by
           the
           most
           Cruel
           ,
           rather
           as
           a
           detestable
           Villainy
           ,
           than
           a
           just
           Punishment
           for
           their
           revolts
           .
           This
           made
           Harlem
           take
           a
           Resolution
           to
           hold
           out
           to
           the
           last
           Extremity
           ,
           having
           to
           do
           with
           so
           Merciless
           a
           Conqueror
           .
        
         
           The
           Dutch
           Historians
           write
           that
           the
           Art
           of
           Printing
           was
           begun
           at
           
             Harlem
             ,
             A.
             D.
          
           1440.
           by
           
             Laurence
             le
             Contre
          
           ,
           and
           
             Thomas
             Pieterson
          
           his
           Son-in-Law
           ;
           but
           that
           their
           Factor
           
             Iohn
             Faustus
          
           betraying
           them
           ,
           carried
           away
           the
           Letters
           to
           Amsterdam
           ,
           then
           to
           Cologne
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           to
           Mayence
           ,
           where
           he
           stopt
           ,
           and
           where
           
             Iohn
             Guttemburg
          
           ,
           a
           German
           Gentleman
           ,
           who
           is
           commonly
           reckoned
           the
           Inventor
           of
           Printing
           ,
           improved
           it
           very
           much
           .
        
         
         
           
             Wibald
             Riperda
          
           a
           Friezland
           Gentleman
           ,
           Commanded
           in
           the
           City
           of
           Harlem
           ,
           and
           
             Don
             Frederick
          
           declared
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           make
           use
           of
           no
           other
           Keys
           to
           enter
           the
           City
           than
           his
           Canon
           .
           But
           this
           proved
           a
           long
           and
           a
           bloody
           Siege
           ,
           having
           lasted
           from
           December
           1572.
           to
           Iuly
           1573.
           
           The
           Spaniards
           lost
           above
           Four
           thousand
           Men
           before
           it
           ,
           among
           others
           the
           Sieur
           Crossonier
           ,
           Great
           Master
           of
           the
           Artillery
           ,
           and
           
             Bartholomew
             Campi
             de
             Besoro
          
           an
           excellent
           Engineer
           .
        
         
           There
           was
           so
           great
           a
           Famine
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           that
           a
           little
           Child
           Three
           years
           old
           was
           dug
           up
           by
           its
           Parents
           some
           days
           after
           it
           was
           buried
           ,
           to
           prolong
           their
           miserable
           Life
           .
           During
           this
           Siege
           
             Don
             Frederick
          
           ,
           tired
           with
           its
           length
           ,
           and
           despairing
           of
           good
           Success
           ,
           talked
           of
           returning
           into
           Brabant
           ;
           but
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           blaming
           his
           impatience
           ,
           sent
           him
           word
           that
           if
           he
           resolved
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           he
           himself
           would
           come
           in
           Person
           ,
           sick
           as
           he
           was
           to
           carry
           it
           on
           .
           But
           if
           his
           Indisposition
           hindred
           him
           ,
           he
           would
           send
           into
           Spain
           for
           his
           Mother
           to
           supply
           the
           place
           of
           her
           Son.
           This
           reproach
           made
           
             Don
             Frederick
          
           resolve
           to
           continue
           the
           Siege
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           Siege
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           having
           thrown
           into
           the
           City
           the
           Head
           of
           a
           Man
           with
           this
           Inscription
           ;
           
             The
             Head
             of
          
           Philip
           Konigs
           ,
           (
           id
           est
           ,
           
             King
             ,
             )
             who
             came
             to
             relieve
          
           Harlem
           
             with
             an
             Army
             of
             Two
             thousand
             Men
             ,
          
           and
           aftewards
           another
           with
           this
           Inscription
           ;
           
             The
             Head
             of
          
           Anthony
           le
           Peintre
           ,
           
             who
             betrayed
          
           Mons
           
             to
             the
          
           French.
           The
           Inhabitants
           of
           Harlem
           ,
           
           put
           to
           Death
           eleven
           Spanish
           Prisoners
           ,
           and
           put
           their
           Heads
           into
           a
           Barrel
           which
           by
           Night
           they
           rolled
           into
           the
           Enemies
           Camp
           :
           With
           this
           Inscription
           .
           
             The
             Citizens
             of
          
           Harlem
           
             pay
             the
             Duke
             of
          
           Alva
           
             ten
             Heads
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             no
             longer
             make
             Waer
             upon
             them
             for
             the
             Payment
             of
             the
             Tenth
             penny
             ,
             which
             they
             have
             not
             yet
             paid
             ,
             and
             for
             Interest
             they
             give
             him
             the
             Eleventh
             Head.
             
          
        
         
           As
           they
           had
           hopes
           that
           the
           Siege
           would
           be
           raised
           ,
           they
           suffered
           themselves
           to
           be
           transported
           to
           prophane
           Mockeries
           ,
           making
           the
           Images
           of
           Priests
           ,
           Monks
           ,
           Cardinals
           ,
           and
           Popes
           ,
           and
           then
           tumbled
           them
           down
           from
           the
           top
           of
           the
           Walls
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           stabbed
           them
           in
           a
           hundred
           places
        
         
           At
           last
           the
           City
           being
           reduced
           to
           the
           greatest
           extremity
           ,
           by
           an
           unheard
           of
           Famine
           ,
           which
           swept
           away
           above
           Thirteen
           thousand
           Persons
           ,
           and
           all
           hopes
           of
           relief
           being
           vanished
           by
           the
           defeat
           of
           the
           Succours
           ,
           which
           the
           Count
           
             de
             la
             Mark
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Baron
           
             de
             Balemberg
          
           were
           bringing
           to
           the
           City
           ,
           they
           were
           obliged
           to
           surrender
           at
           Discretion
           ,
           by
           the
           Crys
           of
           the
           Women
           and
           Children
           ,
           for
           the
           Men
           had
           resolved
           to
           Sally
           out
           in
           a
           Body
           ,
           and
           cut
           out
           an
           honourable
           passage
           with
           their
           Swords
           through
           the
           Enemies
           Army
           .
        
         
           The
           Spaniards
           forced
           the
           Citizens
           to
           pay
           a
           great
           Summ
           of
           Money
           ,
           to
           hinder
           the
           entire
           Destruction
           of
           the
           place
           ;
           and
           hang'd
           and
           drown'd
           above
           Two
           thousand
           Persons
           in
           some
           few
           days
           ;
           among
           others
           all
           the
           Ministers
           ,
           the
           principal
           Men
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           the
           Officers
           of
           the
           Troops
           .
           
             Wibald
             Riperda
          
           Governour
           ,
           
           and
           Lancelot
           a
           Bastard
           Son
           to
           Brederode
           ,
           were
           both
           beheaded
           .
        
         
           The
           Cruelty
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           at
           Harlem
           ,
           instead
           of
           doing
           their
           Cause
           Service
           ,
           ruin'd
           it
           ,
           and
           made
           the
           People
           resolve
           rather
           to
           suffer
           the
           last
           Miseries
           ,
           than
           submit
           to
           so
           Cruel
           and
           Tyrannical
           a
           Government
           .
           Thus
           the
           little
           City
           of
           Alkmar
           bravely
           repulsed
           all
           their
           Attacks
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           surprized
           Gertrudemberg
           which
           belonged
           to
           him
           in
           his
           own
           Right
           ,
           and
           which
           covered
           Dordrecht
           .
        
         
           About
           the
           same
           time
           
             Maximilian
             de
             Henin
          
           ,
           Count
           
             de
             Bossut
          
           ,
           a
           famous
           Captain
           ,
           and
           very
           much
           valued
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           who
           was
           made
           Governour
           of
           Holland
           ,
           was
           taken
           in
           the
           Zuider-Zee
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Sea
           of
           Amsterdam
           ,
           and
           his
           Fleet
           defeated
           by
           that
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
           His
           great
           Ship
           was
           also
           taken
           ,
           which
           he
           called
           the
           Inquisition
           to
           reproach
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           with
           the
           principal
           Cause
           of
           their
           revolt
           .
           This
           Count
           was
           carried
           to
           Horn
           ,
           where
           he
           remained
           Prisoner
           Four
           years
           ,
           till
           the
           Pacification
           of
           Ghent
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           having
           taken
           Prisoner
           at
           the
           
             Hague
             ,
             Philip
             de
             Marnix
          
           Sieur
           de
           St.
           Aldegonde
           ,
           Minister
           of
           State
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           he
           assured
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           treat
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Bossut
          
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           as
           he
           did
           St.
           Aldegonde
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           can
           never
           be
           enough
           commended
           for
           his
           good
           Nature
           ,
           in
           treating
           the
           Count
           with
           so
           much
           Kindness
           ,
           and
           Civility
           ,
           though
           not
           long
           before
           he
           had
           corrupted
           a
           Burgomaster
           of
           Delft
           ,
           and
           prevailed
           
           upon
           him
           to
           betray
           the
           Prince
           ,
           and
           deliver
           him
           into
           his
           hands
           ,
           whilst
           he
           was
           walking
           out
           of
           the
           City
           .
           But
           the
           Conspiracy
           was
           discovered
           by
           a
           Letter
           intercepted
           from
           the
           Count
           to
           the
           Burgomaster
           .
        
         
           About
           that
           time
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           and
           his
           Son
           were
           recalled
           into
           Spain
           ;
           King
           Philip
           having
           found
           out
           too
           late
           ,
           that
           their
           Cruelty
           confirmed
           the
           ▪
           Low-Countries
           in
           their
           Rebellion
           .
           
             Lewis
             de
             Requesens
          
           ,
           great
           Commander
           of
           the
           Order
           of
           St.
           Iames
           in
           Castile
           ,
           and
           Governour
           of
           Milan
           ,
           who
           had
           a
           great
           share
           in
           the
           famous
           Victory
           of
           Lepanto
           ,
           succeeded
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           .
           The
           Duke
           at
           his
           Departure
           boasted
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           put
           to
           Death
           by
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Hangman
           ,
           above
           Eighteen
           thousand
           Men
           ,
           yet
           cruel
           Vargas
           who
           returned
           into
           Spain
           with
           him
           ,
           cryed
           at
           parting
           ,
           that
           his
           Clemency
           and
           Gentleness
           had
           lost
           the
           King
           the
           Netherlands
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             D.
             1574.
             
             Middleburg
          
           the
           Capital
           City
           of
           Zealand
           ,
           having
           been
           a
           long
           time
           defended
           by
           that
           renowned
           Captain
           
             Christopher
             de
             Mondragon
          
           ,
           and
           endured
           a
           great
           Famine
           ,
           and
           after
           the
           defeat
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Fleets
           ,
           who
           attempted
           in
           vain
           to
           relie●…e
           it
           ,
           was
           reunited
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Province
           .
           This
           Siege
           lasted
           two
           years
           ,
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           spent
           above
           Seven
           Millions
           in
           the
           several
           Fleets
           they
           set
           out
           to
           Succour
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           so
           successful
           at
           Sea
           ,
           had
           always
           ill
           Luck
           at
           Land.
           For
           the
           fourth
           Army
           which
           Count
           Lodowick
           of
           Nassau
           
           brought
           him
           out
           of
           Germany
           ,
           to
           assist
           him
           in
           driving
           out
           the
           Spaniards
           from
           the
           rest
           of
           Holland
           ,
           was
           defeated
           near
           Nimeguen
           by
           
             Sancho
             D'Avila
          
           ,
           a
           General
           of
           great
           Experience
           ,
           who
           from
           a
           private
           Souldier
           ,
           had
           advanced
           himself
           ,
           through
           all
           the
           Degrees
           and
           Employments
           of
           War
           ,
           to
           that
           great
           Command
           .
           The
           Germans
           of
           Count
           Lodowicks
           Army
           ,
           instead
           of
           providing
           for
           their
           own
           ,
           and
           their
           General
           's
           Defences
           ,
           fell
           to
           Mutiny
           according
           to
           their
           usual
           Custom
           ,
           and
           demand
           their
           Pay.
           In
           this
           Action
           ,
           Count
           Lodowick
           and
           his
           Brother
           Count
           Henry
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           and
           Christopher
           Count
           Palatine
           ,
           were
           all
           three
           killed
           .
           D'Avila
           remained
           Master
           of
           the
           Field
           of
           Battel
           ,
           of
           Sixteen
           pieces
           of
           Canon
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Baggage
           .
           This
           Battel
           was
           fought
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           Requesens
           .
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           who
           loved
           his
           Brothers
           tenderly
           ,
           was
           sensibly
           afflicted
           with
           this
           loss
           .
           But
           he
           abated
           nothing
           of
           his
           Constancy
           and
           Courage
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             D.
          
           1575.
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           encouraged
           by
           the
           defeat
           and
           death
           of
           the
           two
           Brothers
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           laid
           Siege
           to
           the
           City
           of
           Leyden
           ,
           which
           after
           a
           long
           and
           unparallell'd
           Famine
           ,
           was
           miraculously
           saved
           by
           breaking
           down
           the
           Banks
           ,
           which
           drowned
           a
           great
           many
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Succours
           which
           was
           conveyed
           into
           the
           City
           ,
           by
           an
           infinite
           number
           of
           Boats
           that
           swam
           on
           the
           Lands
           that
           were
           overflown
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           Prince
           represented
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           the
           Damage
           which
           the
           breaking
           down
           the
           Dikes
           would
           occasion
           ,
           they
           replyed
           ,
           that
           a
           
           Country
           spoiled
           was
           worth
           more
           than
           a
           Country
           lost
           .
        
         
           But
           in
           regard
           this
           was
           a
           very
           memorable
           Siege
           I
           think
           fit
           to
           say
           in
           general
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           built
           two
           hundred
           flat
           bottomed
           Boats
           ,
           with
           Twelve
           ,
           thirteen
           ,
           fourteen
           ,
           sixteen
           ,
           and
           eighteen
           Oars
           .
           The
           greatest
           carried
           two
           pieces
           of
           Canon
           before
           ,
           and
           two
           on
           the
           sides
           ;
           they
           sent
           for
           Eight
           hundred
           Seamen
           from
           Zealand
           ,
           who
           had
           all
           little
           pieces
           of
           Paper
           in
           their
           Hats
           with
           this
           Inscription
           ;
           
             Rather
             serve
             the
          
           Turk
           
             than
             the
          
           Pope
           and
           Spaniard
           ,
           
             upbraiding
             them
             with
             the
             violence
             they
             used
             to
             their
             Bodies
             and
             Consciences
             .
          
           This
           Fleet
           was
           Commanded
           by
           the
           Admiral
           
             Louis
             Bossut
          
           .
           One
           of
           the
           Seamen
           having
           plucked
           out
           the
           Heart
           of
           a
           Spaniard
           ,
           eat
           it
           publickly
           all
           raw
           ,
           and
           bloody
           ,
           so
           violent
           is
           the
           Aversion
           and
           Passion
           of
           these
           Country-men
           .
           They
           had
           no
           Bread
           in
           the
           City
           for
           Seven
           weeks
           ,
           and
           their
           daily
           allowance
           to
           a
           Man
           was
           half
           a
           Pound
           of
           Horse-flesh
           or
           Beef
           ,
           but
           by
           good
           Fortune
           to
           the
           City
           ,
           that
           very
           day
           the
           Spaniards
           drew
           off
           ,
           Twenty
           six
           Fathoms
           of
           the
           Wall
           fell
           down
           ,
           and
           a
           North
           wind
           dryed
           up
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Water
           ,
           and
           they
           must
           unavoidably
           have
           fallen
           into
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           stayed
           only
           one
           day
           longer
           .
           Such
           an
           Accident
           happened
           at
           Rochelle
           ,
           for
           a
           little
           after
           the
           surrender
           ,
           a
           tempest
           broke
           down
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Bank.
           
        
         
           In
           this
           Siege
           they
           made
           Paper
           Money
           with
           this
           Inscription
           :
           
             Haec
             libertatis
             imago
          
           .
           They
           Coyned
           Tin
           Money
           at
           Alkmar
           ,
           and
           had
           Five
           
           hundred
           Rix
           dollars
           for
           Five
           thousand
           pieces
           of
           that
           Coin.
           
        
         
           Before
           the
           Relief
           of
           
             Leyden
             ,
             Ferdinand
             de
             la
             Hoy
             ,
          
           the
           new
           Governour
           of
           Holland
           ,
           and
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Liques
          
           ,
           Governour
           of
           Harlem
           ,
           sollicited
           the
           Citizens
           of
           Leyden
           to
           surrender
           ,
           flatterring
           them
           with
           a
           good
           and
           favourable
           Treatment
           .
           They
           answered
           him
           only
           with
           this
           Latin
           Verse
           ,
           
             
               Fistula
               dulce
               canit
               voluerem
               dum
               decipit
               anceps
               .
            
          
        
         
           Continuing
           to
           perswade
           them
           by
           Letter
           to
           a
           Surrender
           ,
           they
           replyed
           ,
           That
           they
           would
           defend
           themselves
           to
           the
           last
           Extremity
           ,
           and
           that
           if
           they
           hadspent
           all
           their
           Provisions
           ,
           and
           had
           eaten
           their
           left
           hands
           ,
           they
           should
           have
           still
           their
           right
           hands
           remaining
           ,
           to
           guard
           themselves
           from
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           remembred
           the
           Cruelties
           which
           had
           been
           committed
           at
           
             Malines
             ,
             Zutphen
             ,
             Harden
          
           ,
           and
           Harlem
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           after
           the
           relief
           of
           Leyden
           ,
           was
           received
           into
           the
           City
           as
           a
           God.
           He
           preserved
           and
           embalmed
           seven
           Pigeons
           in
           the
           Town-house
           ,
           in
           token
           of
           his
           perpetual
           Acknowledgement
           of
           the
           Service
           they
           did
           him
           in
           carrying
           the
           Letters
           of
           the
           besieged
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           his
           Answers
           back
           again
           .
           At
           that
           time
           he
           founded
           the
           University
           of
           Leyden
           ,
           setled
           annual
           Revenues
           upon
           it
           ,
           and
           endow'd
           it
           with
           great
           Privileges
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Year
           before
           ,
           the
           Prince
           ,
           having
           lost
           his
           second
           Wife
           Anne
           of
           Saxe
           ,
           married
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           ,
           Daughter
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           Montpensier
           ,
           who
           had
           retired
           to
           the
           Court
           of
           Frederick
           the
           Third
           Elector
           Palatine
           .
           The
           Marriage
           was
           celebrated
           at
           the
           Brill
           ,
           where
           she
           was
           conducted
           from
           Heydelberg
           ,
           by
           the
           
             Siegneur
             de
          
           St.
           Aldegonde
           .
           She
           had
           been
           a
           Nun
           formerly
           ,
           and
           Abbess
           of
           Iouarre
           .
           The
           Father
           ,
           a
           zealous
           Catholick
           ,
           demanded
           his
           Daughter
           of
           the
           Elector
           ,
           by
           Monsieur
           the
           President
           
             de
             Thou
          
           ,
           and
           after
           that
           by
           Monsieur
           D'Aumont
           .
        
         
           The
           Elector
           offered
           to
           restore
           her
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           provided
           she
           might
           be
           allowed
           the
           free
           exercise
           of
           her
           Religion
           ,
           but
           Mr.
           
             de
             Montpensier
          
           choosing
           rather
           to
           have
           his
           Daughter
           live
           at
           a
           distance
           from
           him
           ,
           than
           see
           her
           before
           his
           Eyes
           make
           profession
           of
           a
           Religion
           ,
           which
           was
           so
           much
           his
           Aversion
           ,
           gave
           at
           last
           his
           Consent
           to
           the
           Marriage
           ,
           and
           gave
           her
           a
           Fortune
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           Siege
           of
           Leyden
           ,
           a
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           was
           set
           a
           foot
           at
           Breda
           ,
           but
           it
           did
           not
           take
           effect
           .
           The
           States
           of
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           demanded
           the
           departure
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           out
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           the
           meeting
           of
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           and
           the
           liberty
           and
           exercise
           of
           their
           Religion
           .
           Requesens
           ,
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           offered
           to
           withdraw
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           a
           general
           Act
           of
           Oblivion
           of
           all
           things
           passed
           ,
           and
           the
           Re
           establishment
           of
           their
           Privileges
           ,
           but
           added
           that
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           would
           never
           tolerate
           any
           other
           Religion
           in
           his
           Dominions
           ,
           than
           the
           
             Roman
             Catholick
          
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           being
           broken
           of
           ,
           the
           States
           Coyned
           Money
           ,
           on
           one
           Side
           of
           which
           was
           stamped
           the
           Lyon
           of
           Holland
           ,
           holding
           a
           naked
           Sword
           with
           this
           Motto
           ;
           
             Securius
             bellum
             pace
             dubiâ
          
           ,
           War
           is
           safer
           than
           a
           doubtful
           Peace
           .
        
         
           About
           the
           same
           time
           the
           Commander
           Requesens
           made
           himself
           Master
           of
           Zirczee
           in
           Zealand
           ,
           by
           the
           incomparable
           Gallantry
           of
           
             Christopher
             de
             Mondragon
          
           ,
           who
           waded
           over
           several
           Leagues
           of
           the
           Sea
           to
           the
           Amazement
           of
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           hazard
           of
           his
           Troops
           .
           But
           Requesens
           dying
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           and
           German
           Soldiers
           mutinyed
           for
           want
           of
           Pay
           ,
           and
           fell
           to
           ravage
           all
           the
           Country
           .
           They
           sack'd
           Maestritcht
           ,
           and
           Antwerp
           it self
           ,
           where
           the
           loss
           was
           computed
           at
           Twenty
           four
           Millions
           in
           Money
           and
           other
           moveables
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Destruction
           of
           houses
           .
           The
           plundering
           of
           this
           great
           City
           lasted
           several
           days
           ,
           and
           was
           called
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           many
           of
           whom
           made
           their
           Guards
           of
           their
           Swords
           and
           Corselets
           of
           pure
           Gold
           ,
           but
           the
           Goldsmiths
           of
           Antwerp
           mixed
           Copper
           with
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Spaniards
           made
           Prisoners
           in
           Antwerp
           ,
           Count
           Egmont
           ,
           the
           
             Seigneur
             de
             Goignie
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Baron
           de
           Capres
           .
           This
           last
           making
           a
           low
           Bow
           to
           
             Hieronimo
             Rhode
          
           chief
           of
           the
           Muniteers
           ,
           who
           sate
           in
           an
           Elbow
           Chair
           at
           the
           entrance
           of
           the
           Citadel
           ,
           received
           a
           kick
           in
           the
           Belly
           from
           this
           insolent
           Spaniard
           ,
           who
           told
           him
           by
           way
           of
           Scorn
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           nothing
           to
           do
           with
           his
           reverence
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Spanish
           and
           German
           Troops
           after
           the
           taking
           of
           Antwerp
           ,
           living
           with
           insupportable
           Licentiousness
           ,
           and
           committing
           great
           Barbarities
           ,
           the
           Provinces
           who
           continued
           firm
           to
           the
           obedience
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           called
           in
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           to
           their
           assistance
           ,
           for
           they
           lay
           exposed
           to
           all
           the
           Robberies
           and
           Insolence
           of
           those
           Mutineers
           ,
           and
           declared
           the
           Spaniards
           Enemies
           to
           the
           King
           and
           Country
           .
        
         
           At
           that
           time
           all
           the
           Provinces
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           except
           Luxemburg
           which
           is
           divided
           from
           the
           rest
           ,
           united
           for
           their
           common
           defence
           ,
           and
           made
           the
           famous
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           at
           
             Ghent
             ,
             A.
             D.
          
           1576.
           containing
           Twenty
           five
           Articles
           ,
           the
           principal
           of
           which
           were
           ,
        
         
           
             That
             there
             should
             be
             a
             general
             Amnesty
             of
             all
             that
             was
             past
             .
          
        
         
           
             That
             all
             things
             should
             continue
             in
             the
             same
             posture
             they
             were
             in
             at
             that
             time
             .
          
        
         
           
             They
             took
             a
             solemn
             Oath
             to
             mutually
             assist
             each
             other
             to
             free
             the
             Country
             from
             the
             Yoke
             of
             the
          
           Spaniards
           
             and
             other
             Foreigners
          
           .
        
         
           
             That
             all
             Placarts
             and
             Condemnations
             ,
             which
             were
             made
             upon
             the
             Account
             of
             the
             late
             Troubles
             ,
             should
             be
             suspended
             till
             the
             meeting
             of
             the
          
           States
           General
           .
        
         
           
             That
             all
             Prisoners
             particularly
             the
             Count
          
           de
           Boissut
           
             should
             be
             set
             at
             Liberty
          
           .
        
         
           
             That
             the
             Pillars
             ,
             Trophies
             and
             Statues
             with
             Inscriptions
             ,
             which
             had
             been
             Erected
             by
             the
             Duke
             of
          
           Alva
           
             should
             be
             pluck'd
             down
             ,
             particularly
             that
             which
             was
             set
             up
             in
             the
             Court
             of
          
           Antwerp
           ,
           
             and
             the
             Pyramid
             he
             had
             raised
             ,
             in
             the
             place
             where
             the
          
           
           Hotel
           de
           Culembourg
           
             stood
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             razed
             ,
             because
             the
             Nobility
             met
             there
             to
             draw
             up
             an
             Address
             against
             the
          
           Inquisition
           .
        
         
           At
           that
           time
           all
           Men
           believed
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           had
           entirely
           lost
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           comply
           with
           the
           time
           ,
           and
           ratify
           and
           approve
           the
           Peace
           .
        
         
           In
           pursuance
           of
           this
           Treaty
           the
           Castles
           of
           
             Ghent
             ,
             Valenciennes
             ,
             Cambray
             ,
             Utrceht
          
           and
           Groeningen
           were
           demolished
           ;
           all
           Friezeland
           declared
           for
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           
             Gaspar
             de
             Robb
          
           who
           had
           married
           the
           Heiress
           of
           Billy
           and
           Malepert
           ,
           Governour
           of
           the
           Province
           was
           laid
           close
           Prisoner
           in
           the
           Town-house
           of
           Groeningen
           with
           Irons
           on
           his
           Legs
           .
           This
           Gaspar
           a
           Man
           of
           Sense
           and
           Courage
           ,
           was
           Son
           to
           King
           Philip's
           Nurse
           ,
           and
           Native
           of
           Robb
           in
           Portugal
           .
           He
           was
           advanced
           and
           employed
           by
           Margaret
           of
           Parma
           ,
           and
           in
           her
           time
           was
           Governour
           of
           Philipville
           .
           He
           was
           released
           out
           of
           Prison
           ,
           by
           Vertue
           of
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           ,
           which
           was
           made
           under
           the
           Government
           of
           
             Don
             Iohn
             of
             Austria
          
           .
        
         
           
             Christopher
             de
             Vasquez
          
           who
           had
           hid
           himself
           in
           the
           Monastery
           of
           the
           Cordeliers
           ,
           shaved
           and
           disguised
           like
           a
           Monk
           ,
           was
           also
           taken
           ;
           and
           carried
           in
           that
           Habit
           into
           the
           great
           Square
           of
           Groeningen
           ,
           the
           people
           crying
           out
           in
           Mockery
           .
           that
           they
           had
           got
           a
           new
           Bishop
           favourer
           of
           the
           Inquisition
           .
        
         
           Upon
           this
           Subject
           ,
           I
           cannot
           forbear
           observing
           ,
           how
           addicted
           the
           People
           of
           these
           Countries
           are
           to
           turn
           their
           Enemies
           into
           Ridicule
           upon
           
           the
           least
           good
           Success
           ,
           as
           they
           did
           after
           the
           taking
           of
           Levarden
           in
           Friezland
           ,
           for
           the
           States
           having
           surprized
           it
           ,
           they
           brought
           all
           the
           Monks
           ,
           and
           Priests
           into
           the
           great
           Square
           ,
           where
           their
           Troops
           were
           drawn
           up
           in
           Battalia
           ,
           and
           placed
           them
           by
           Ranks
           ,
           between
           the
           Ranks
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           then
           conducted
           them
           out
           of
           the
           City
           in
           the
           same
           order
           ,
           at
           the
           sound
           of
           Fises
           and
           Drums
           ,
           with
           incredible
           Mockeries
           ,
           and
           there
           left
           them
           without
           doing
           them
           any
           other
           injury
           than
           laughing
           at
           them
           .
        
         
           They
           had
           already
           given
           Proofs
           of
           this
           Inclination
           to
           Derision
           and
           Raillery
           ,
           after
           the
           surprizing
           of
           the
           Brill
           ,
           in
           that
           Picture
           which
           I
           mentioned
           before
           ,
           where
           Count
           
             de
             la
             Mark
          
           put
           Spectacles
           on
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva's
           Nose
           ,
           and
           at
           Harlem
           ;
           where
           the
           Citizens
           believing
           ,
           That
           
             Don
             Frederick
             de
             Toledo
          
           would
           raise
           the
           Siege
           ,
           made
           Processions
           of
           Images
           clad
           like
           Monks
           ,
           Priests
           ,
           and
           Cardinals
           ,
           holding
           the
           Figures
           of
           the
           blessed
           Sacrament
           ,
           which
           they
           flung
           down
           from
           the
           tops
           of
           their
           Walls
           .
        
         
           I
           my Self
           at
           Twelve
           years
           old
           ,
           observed
           the
           particular
           bent
           of
           this
           Nation
           to
           Mockery
           .
           My
           Father
           who
           was
           Embassador
           into
           Holland
           ,
           had
           put
           to
           Board
           in
           the
           Year
           1622.
           with
           Doctor
           
             Iohn
             Gerard
             Vossius
          
           a
           German
           ,
           and
           Native
           of
           Heidelburg
           ,
           who
           has
           published
           a
           vast
           number
           of
           Learned
           works
           :
           My
           elder
           Brother
           ,
           my Self
           ,
           and
           my
           younger
           Brother
           called
           Daniel
           ,
           who
           was
           killed
           in
           the
           Battle
           of
           Harlingen
           ,
           in
           the
           Year
           1645
           ,
           who
           had
           so
           great
           a
           Genius
           for
           the
           Mathematicks
           ,
           that
           he
           
           would
           have
           equal'd
           ,
           the
           Reputation
           of
           Galileus
           ,
           and
           Archimedes
           ,
           if
           Death
           had
           not
           snatch'd
           him
           away
           in
           the
           flower
           of
           his
           Age.
           That
           Year
           1622.
           
           Maurice
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ;
           having
           forced
           the
           Marquess
           
             Ambrose
             Spinola
          
           ,
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           of
           Bergen-op-zoom
           ,
           assisted
           by
           Count
           Ernest
           of
           Mansfield
           ,
           and
           Duke
           Christian
           of
           Brunswick
           ;
           the
           Cities
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           were
           transported
           ,
           with
           inexpressible
           Joy.
           Among
           others
           Leyden
           joyned
           Derision
           to
           its
           publick
           rejoycings
           .
           This
           Doctor
           's
           House
           stood
           before
           the
           Square
           of
           the
           Church
           call'd
           Hoguetanskirk
           ,
           where
           was
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           Bonfires
           .
           Upon
           the
           top
           of
           the
           Pile
           was
           placed
           a
           great
           Spinning
           Wheel
           ,
           which
           they
           call
           Spin
           in
           Dutch
           ,
           and
           round
           it
           little
           Tickets
           of
           Paper
           ,
           on
           which
           was
           written
           the
           Name
           of
           
             Spinola
             General
          
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Army
           .
           Upon
           the
           Cord
           of
           the
           Wheel
           there
           were
           other
           Tickets
           ,
           with
           the
           Names
           of
           
             Gonsolvo
             de
             Cordoua
          
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           chief
           Commanders
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Army
           .
           Upon
           the
           Wheel
           was
           a
           great
           Distaff
           loaded
           with
           Flax
           ,
           which
           they
           call
           Ulasque
           in
           Dutch
           ,
           and
           upon
           it
           was
           writ
           the
           Name
           of
           
             Don
             Louis
             de
             Valasco
             ,
             General
          
           of
           the
           Horse
           ;
           this
           done
           they
           put
           Fire
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           People
           over-joy'd
           ,
           fancied
           they
           had
           burnt
           these
           Generals
           with
           their
           Names
           .
           This
           bears
           some
           Resemblance
           with
           the
           Rebus's
           of
           Picardy
           ,
           and
           acquainted
           me
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           with
           the
           raillying
           Humour
           of
           these
           People
           .
        
         
           Pursuant
           to
           this
           Inclination
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           't
           was
           reported
           with
           probability
           ,
           some
           years
           since
           ,
           That
           the
           Sieur
           
             van
             Beuningen
          
           ,
           which
           
           is
           the
           Sieur
           
             du
             Boudon
          
           in
           French
           ,
           had
           caused
           himself
           to
           be
           ingraved
           an
           a
           Medal
           ,
           like
           another
           Ioshua
           making
           the
           Sun
           stand
           still
           ,
           meaning
           that
           he
           had
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           ,
           and
           been
           the
           
             Iupiter
             Stator
          
           of
           the
           French
           King's
           Conquests
           ,
           who
           had
           taken
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Sun
           for
           his
           device
           .
           But
           Persons
           very
           well
           informed
           ,
           have
           assured
           me
           that
           't
           was
           a
           scandal
           fastned
           on
           him
           ,
           to
           cast
           an
           Odium
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           his
           Nation
           ,
           at
           our
           Court
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Medal
           was
           never
           seen
           ,
           nor
           had
           ever
           any
           Being
           ,
           unless
           in
           the
           Imaginations
           of
           those
           Men
           ,
           who
           contrived
           the
           Story
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           That
           the
           united
           Provinces
           ,
           after
           the
           Peace
           of
           
             Aix
             la
             Chapelle
          
           ,
           all
           the
           Honour
           of
           which
           they
           assum'd
           to
           themselves
           ,
           puffed
           up
           with
           the
           Glory
           of
           a
           Treaty
           ,
           which
           they
           imagined
           so
           advantageous
           to
           them
           ,
           Coyned
           Medals
           with
           a
           pompous
           Motto
           ,
           which
           their
           Enemies
           call'd
           proud
           ,
           and
           which
           as
           I
           am
           assured
           was
           this
           ,
           
             Assertis
             Legibus
             &
             sacris
             ,
             
             Defensis
             exteris
             Regibus
             ,
             
             Vindicata
             perorbem
             Christianum
             
             Marium
             libertate
             ,
             
             Egregiâ
             pace
             virtute
             Armorum
             partâ
             .
             
             Batavia
             P.
             
          
        
         
           Which
           I
           thus
           translate
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           Ladies
           .
           
             Having
             vindicated
             our
             Religion
             and
             Laws
             ,
             And
             defended
             Foreign
             Kings
             ,
             our
             Allies
             ,
             
             And
             established
             the
             security
             of
             Navigation
             in
             the
             Seas
             of
             the
             Christian
             World
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             glorious
             Peace
             by
             the
             force
             of
             our
             Arms
             ,
             the
             
               States-General
               ,
               &c.
            
             
          
        
         
           The
           Consideration
           of
           which
           made
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Lamoignon
          
           ,
           the
           greatest
           and
           most
           famous
           Man
           in
           France
           for
           his
           Learning
           and
           Vertue
           ,
           say
           to
           me
           ,
           that
           the
           Romans
           ,
           after
           the
           Destruction
           of
           Numantia
           ,
           and
           Carthage
           ,
           the
           Rival
           of
           their
           Empire
           ,
           could
           not
           have
           talked
           of
           their
           Victories
           in
           more
           lofty
           and
           magnificent
           Terms
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Year
           1671.
           the
           States-General
           seeing
           that
           those
           Medals
           drew
           upon
           them
           the
           Envy
           and
           Hatred
           of
           the
           most
           powerful
           Monarchs
           ,
           suppressed
           them
           as
           well
           as
           they
           could
           ,
           by
           breaking
           the
           Coins
           and
           Molds
           ,
           insomuch
           as
           there
           remain
           very
           few
           unless
           in
           the
           Hands
           of
           the
           Curious
           .
        
         
           These
           proud
           Medals
           with
           the
           continual
           and
           insolent
           Reflections
           of
           the
           Amsterdam
           Gazzette
           ,
           which
           took
           a
           Liberty
           of
           openly
           rallying
           all
           things
           without
           sparing
           Crowned
           Heads
           ,
           which
           ought
           always
           to
           be
           respected
           .
           was
           not
           the
           least
           Motive
           of
           the
           last
           War.
           'T
           is
           this
           gave
           credit
           to
           the
           imaginary
           Medal
           of
           the
           Sieur
           
             Van
             Beuningen
          
           ,
           whose
           Airy
           and
           Extravagant
           Discourses
           made
           any
           thing
           to
           be
           believed
           of
           him
           .
        
         
           Upon
           this
           Subject
           I
           may
           affirm
           with
           Reason
           ,
           that
           those
           Men
           are
           the
           wisest
           who
           are
           never
           arrogant
           in
           good
           Fortune
           ,
           which
           many
           easily
           change
           into
           bad
           by
           the
           ordinary
           
           Revolutions
           of
           the
           Affairs
           of
           this
           World
           ,
           which
           suffer
           nothing
           to
           be
           settled
           or
           lasting
           Besides
           Moderation
           make
           Men
           lamented
           when
           they
           are
           unhappy
           ;
           but
           we
           rejoice
           at
           the
           Misfortune
           of
           Insolent
           persons
           .
           When
           Duke
           Charles
           of
           Burgundy
           had
           been
           defeated
           by
           the
           Suisses
           ,
           he
           sent
           the
           Seigneur
           
             de
             Contay
          
           his
           Favorite
           ,
           to
           Louis
           the
           XI
           .
           at
           Lyons
           ,
           to
           court
           his
           Friendship
           in
           the
           most
           humble
           and
           submissive
           Terms
           imaginable
           ,
           contrary
           to
           his
           usual
           Custom
           ;
           upon
           which
           
             Philip
             de
             Comines
          
           says
           these
           very
           Words
           ,
           
             If
             a
             Prince
             would
             take
             my
             Advice
             ,
             he
             should
             behave
             himself
             with
             so
             much
             Moderation
             in
             Prosperity
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             never
             be
             forced
             to
             change
             his
             Language
             in
             Adversity
             .
          
           He
           adds
           ,
           that
           
             the
             Seigneur
          
           de
           Contay
           ,
           
             as
             he
             pass'd
             through
          
           Lyons
           ,
           
             had
             the
             Mortification
             to
             hear
             Songs
             sung
             in
             honour
             of
             the
             victorious
          
           Suisses
           ,
           
             and
             to
             the
             disgrace
             of
             his
             Master
             ,
             whom
             they
             had
             routed
             .
          
           But
           most
           Princes
           and
           Ministers
           display
           all
           their
           Sails
           to
           the
           favourable
           Gales
           of
           good
           Fortune
           ,
           without
           thinking
           of
           contrary
           Winds
           which
           often
           shipwrack
           them
           .
        
         
           Since
           we
           have
           been
           talking
           of
           the
           Sieur
           Beuningen
           or
           Boudin
           in
           French
           ,
           I
           make
           this
           Observation
           ,
           that
           at
           the
           Beginning
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           the
           principal
           Officers
           and
           Ministers
           of
           Holland
           had
           very
           odd
           pleasant
           Names
           .
           Their
           great
           manager
           of
           Business
           was
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Boudin
          
           ,
           in
           
             English
             ,
             Pudding
          
           ;
           their
           
             Mareschal
             de
             Camp
          
           the
           Sieur
           Urst
           ,
           dead
           lately
           at
           Hamburgh
           ,
           (
           he
           was
           of
           Holstein
           ,
           of
           mean
           Birth
           ,
           and
           raised
           his
           Reputation
           by
           
           defending
           Cracovia
           so
           long
           time
           for
           the
           Swedes
           against
           the
           
             Imperialists
             .
             )
             Urst
          
           in
           Dutch
           signifies
           
             Hogs
             Guts
             season'd
          
           ;
           their
           other
           General
           that
           defended
           Groeningen
           and
           retook
           Grave
           ,
           was
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Rabenhaupt
          
           ,
           which
           is
           Ravens-Head
           ;
           and
           one
           of
           their
           Colonels
           was
           
             Paen
             ,
             Bread
          
           ,
           and
           
             Vin
             ,
             Wine
          
           ,
           who
           had
           his
           Head
           cut
           off
           .
        
         
           'T
           was
           observed
           also
           that
           the
           Swedish
           Ministers
           and
           Commanders
           had
           strange
           Names
           ,
           Oxenstiern
           signifies
           Ox-forehead
           .
           One
           of
           their
           most
           Famous
           Colonels
           was
           called
           Douffell
           ,
           which
           is
           Devil
           ,
           who
           was
           killed
           at
           the
           Battle
           of
           Leipsick
           ;
           and
           another
           Sthtang
           ,
           a
           Serpent
           ;
           and
           
             Colonel
             Wolfe
          
           ,
           who
           defended
           Stetin
           so
           bravely
           .
        
         
           I
           am
           of
           Opinion
           these
           Digressions
           will
           not
           be
           disagreeable
           to
           the
           Reader
           ,
           which
           serve
           to
           divert
           and
           refresh
           him
           after
           he
           has
           been
           tir'd
           with
           Narrations
           all
           of
           the
           same
           Nature
           .
           This
           has
           been
           practised
           by
           Herodotus
           and
           others
           with
           general
           Approbation
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           return
           to
           our
           principal
           Subject
           ,
           the
           Affairs
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
             .
             Don
             Iohn
          
           of
           Austria
           ,
           natural
           Son
           to
           Charles
           the
           V.
           Famous
           for
           the
           Victory
           of
           Lepanto
           ,
           succeeded
           the
           Commander
           
             de
             Requesens
          
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           and
           arrived
           at
           Luxemburg
           the
           very
           day
           that
           Antwerp
           was
           sack'd
           .
           He
           went
           Incognito
           through
           France
           ,
           and
           passed
           for
           an
           Attendant
           of
           
             Octavio
             de
             Gonzague
          
           ,
           and
           saw
           Henry
           the
           III.
           at
           Dinner
           ;
           and
           at
           Paris
           he
           was
           informed
           of
           the
           State
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           by
           
             Don
             Diego
             de
             Zunega
          
           the
           Spanish
           Embassador
           .
        
         
         
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           of
           Austria
           despised
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           and
           thought
           them
           very
           easy
           to
           be
           imposed
           upon
           ,
           as
           did
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           who
           used
           to
           say
           ,
           he
           would
           stifle
           the
           Hollanders
           in
           their
           Butter
           .
           But
           these
           heavy
           stupid
           Men
           ,
           as
           he
           thought
           them
           ,
           having
           more
           Solidity
           and
           good
           Sense
           than
           florid
           Wit
           ,
           easily
           discovered
           that
           he
           had
           a
           design
           to
           deceive
           them
           by
           fair
           Words
           and
           affected
           Civilities
           .
        
         
           He
           was
           at
           that
           time
           thirty
           years
           old
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           high
           and
           ambitious
           Thoughts
           :
           He
           had
           formed
           a
           Project
           of
           making
           himself
           King
           of
           Tunis
           by
           the
           Assistance
           of
           the
           Pope
           ,
           but
           King
           Philip
           would
           never
           hearken
           to
           it
           .
           Afterwards
           being
           made
           Governour
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           he
           had
           a
           design
           to
           depose
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           and
           rescue
           Mary
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           whom
           he
           pretended
           to
           marry
           by
           the
           Favour
           of
           the
           Guises
           her
           Relations
           ,
           who
           encouraged
           him
           to
           this
           Attempt
           for
           their
           own
           private
           Interests
           .
           These
           vast
           Designs
           gave
           great
           Jealousy
           to
           King
           Philip
           ,
           who
           was
           apprehensive
           with
           Reason
           ,
           left
           a
           war-like
           Prince
           as
           he
           was
           and
           who
           had
           won
           so
           much
           Reputation
           over
           all
           Europe
           ,
           by
           gaining
           the
           Battle
           of
           Lepanto
           ,
           by
           this
           new
           Accession
           of
           Power
           ,
           suffering
           himself
           to
           be
           hurried
           away
           with
           his
           Ambition
           and
           the
           natural
           desire
           of
           Empire
           ,
           should
           one
           day
           endeavour
           to
           make
           himself
           Master
           of
           his
           Dominions
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           his
           Children
           .
           These
           Thoughts
           frightned
           him
           extreamly
           ,
           with
           Reflection
           on
           the
           old
           Example
           of
           Iugurtha
           ,
           who
           ,
           though
           a
           Bastard
           ,
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           
           Masinissa
           by
           the
           Murder
           of
           the
           lawful
           Heir
           ;
           and
           the
           fresher
           Instance
           in
           his
           own
           Family
           ,
           of
           Henry
           the
           Bastard
           ,
           his
           Predecessor
           ,
           who
           dispossessed
           and
           put
           to
           death
           Pedro
           the
           Cruel
           the
           lawful
           King
           of
           Castile
           .
           King
           Philip
           ,
           who
           to
           rid
           himself
           of
           the
           like
           Fears
           had
           not
           spared
           his
           own
           Son
           
             Don
             Carlos
          
           ,
           had
           more
           Wit
           than
           to
           suffer
           any
           longer
           the
           just
           Grounds
           of
           Suspicion
           which
           his
           bastard
           Brother
           gave
           him
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           set
           himself
           at
           ease
           of
           that
           side
           .
           
             Iohn
             d'
             Estovedo
          
           Secretary
           to
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           ,
           who
           was
           accused
           of
           inspiring
           his
           Master
           with
           these
           ambitious
           Designs
           ,
           being
           dispatched
           into
           Spain
           about
           some
           Affairs
           of
           consequence
           ,
           he
           was
           privately
           assassinated
           by
           
             Antonio
             Perez
          
           ,
           Secretary
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           Favorite
           to
           King
           Philip
           ,
           by
           his
           Orders
           ;
           whose
           death
           made
           all
           the
           World
           believe
           ,
           that
           Iohn's
           ,
           which
           happened
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           had
           been
           hastned
           .
        
         
           Upon
           Iohn's
           arrival
           into
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           his
           favouring
           the
           Spaniards
           who
           were
           declared
           publick
           Enemies
           ,
           made
           a
           Rupture
           between
           him
           and
           the
           States
           ,
           who
           took
           up
           Arms
           against
           him
           by
           the
           Advice
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
           He
           earnestly
           exhorted
           them
           not
           to
           suffer
           themselves
           to
           be
           deceived
           by
           the
           false
           Hopes
           which
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           gave
           them
           from
           the
           Part
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           representing
           to
           them
           that
           angry
           Princes
           dissemble
           for
           some
           time
           ,
           but
           they
           never
           forget
           an
           Injury
           but
           when
           't
           is
           out
           of
           their
           Power
           to
           revenge
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           are
           sparing
           of
           no
           Words
           nor
           Promises
           to
           conceal
           their
           Resentments
           ;
           
           quoting
           that
           Maxim
           of
           the
           Roman
           Emperours
           ,
           that
           
             They
             who
             had
             offended
             their
             Princes
             ought
             to
             be
             numbered
             among
             the
             dead
             .
          
        
         
           In
           fine
           ,
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           was
           concluded
           between
           the
           States
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           on
           the
           other
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           by
           the
           Mediation
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Rodolphus
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Cleves
           and
           Iuliers
           ,
           on
           the
           17th
           of
           
             Febr.
             An.
             Dom.
          
           1577.
           
           By
           this
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Ghent
           was
           ratified
           ,
           a
           general
           Amnesty
           granted
           ,
           and
           the
           holding
           of
           the
           States
           .
           The
           Departure
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           and
           Germans
           out
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           was
           agreed
           to
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           should
           leave
           behind
           them
           all
           the
           Provisions
           ,
           Ammunitions
           and
           Atillery
           which
           were
           in
           their
           Garrisons
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           promised
           to
           punish
           the
           Soldiers
           who
           had
           been
           guilty
           of
           so
           many
           Outrages
           ,
           and
           to
           set
           at
           Liberty
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Burin
          
           Prisoner
           in
           Spain
           .
           But
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           ,
           entered
           their
           Protestation
           against
           the
           Edict
           ,
           maintaining
           ,
           That
           a
           great
           many
           things
           ,
           particularly
           those
           which
           related
           to
           Religion
           had
           not
           been
           sufficiently
           explained
           .
        
         
           In
           pursuance
           of
           this
           perpetual
           Edict
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           went
           out
           of
           the
           Castle
           of
           Antwerp
           ,
           and
           
             Philip
             de
             Croy
          
           Duke
           of
           Arschoite
           was
           made
           Governour
           of
           it
           ,
           who
           took
           an
           Oath
           publickly
           bare-headed
           to
           
             Iohn
             Escovedo
          
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           keep
           the
           Castle
           of
           Antwerp
           for
           King
           Philip
           his
           Master
           and
           deliver
           it
           up
           to
           no
           Man
           but
           Himself
           or
           his
           Successors
           ,
           
           but
           by
           his
           express
           Command
           ;
           to
           which
           Escovedo
           replyed
           ,
           
             If
             you
             perform
             what
             you
             promise
             ,
             God
             will
             help
             you
             ;
             if
             not
             ,
             the
             Devil
             take
             you
             ,
             Body
             and
             Soul
             !
          
           and
           all
           the
           standers
           by
           cryed
           ,
           Amen
           .
        
         
           By
           Virtue
           of
           this
           Edict
           all
           Prisoners
           were
           released
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           the
           Count
           Egmont
           ,
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             S.
             Goignie
          
           ,
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Capres
          
           ,
           and
           others
           in
           the
           Custody
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           
             Gaspar
             de
             Robb
          
           ,
           and
           others
           by
           the
           States
           .
        
         
           This
           done
           ,
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           was
           received
           into
           Brussels
           in
           great
           State
           ,
           as
           Governour-general
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           :
           But
           beginning
           to
           oppress
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           pursuant
           to
           the
           private
           Orders
           he
           received
           from
           the
           Court
           of
           Spain
           ,
           which
           were
           discovered
           by
           several
           Letters
           intercepted
           ,
           which
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           and
           his
           Secretary
           Escovedo
           writ
           in
           Cyphers
           to
           the
           King
           and
           his
           Ministers
           ,
           which
           
             Philip
             de
             Mornix
          
           ,
           Seignieur
           
             de
             St.
             Aldegonde
          
           decyphered
           :
           This
           made
           them
           resolve
           to
           oppose
           his
           pernicious
           Designs
           by
           Force
           of
           Arms.
           
        
         
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           ,
           under
           a
           pretence
           that
           they
           had
           a
           Design
           upon
           his
           Person
           ,
           retired
           from
           Brussels
           ,
           and
           having
           received
           the
           Queen
           of
           Navarre
           into
           Namur
           ,
           surprized
           the
           Castle
           of
           Namur
           ,
           and
           then
           Charlemont
           ,
           and
           made
           preparations
           for
           War
           ;
           and
           recalled
           the
           Spanish
           and
           German
           Troops
           .
           He
           called
           that
           day
           he
           seized
           the
           Gastle
           of
           Namur
           ,
           the
           first
           of
           his
           Government
           ,
           as
           Henry
           the
           III.
           afterwards
           called
           the
           Day
           of
           the
           Murther
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           ,
           the
           first
           of
           his
           Reign
           .
        
         
         
           The
           States
           took
           up
           Arms
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           demolished
           the
           Castle
           of
           Antwerp
           ,
           and
           joined
           themselves
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
           But
           the
           States-General
           assembled
           at
           Brussels
           demanding
           the
           free
           Exercise
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Religion
           in
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           ;
           he
           made
           answer
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           make
           no
           Alterations
           in
           that
           Affair
           without
           consulting
           the
           States
           of
           these
           two
           Provinces
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           sole
           and
           absolute
           Power
           of
           doing
           it
           .
           This
           was
           a
           fundamental
           Maxim
           of
           that
           State
           ;
           which
           was
           afterwards
           changed
           by
           the
           Factions
           and
           Force
           of
           Arms
           under
           the
           Government
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           his
           Son
           ,
           as
           I
           shall
           manifest
           in
           his
           Life
           .
        
         
           Prince
           William
           of
           Orange
           being
           arrived
           at
           Breda
           with
           his
           third
           Wife
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           ,
           he
           was
           invited
           by
           the
           States
           to
           come
           and
           encourage
           them
           by
           his
           Presence
           :
           For
           this
           Effect
           the
           Burghers
           of
           Antwerp
           went
           out
           to
           meet
           him
           ,
           and
           conducted
           him
           into
           their
           City
           ,
           where
           the
           States-General
           deputed
           to
           him
           the
           Abbots
           of
           Villiers
           and
           Marotes
           ,
           the
           Barons
           
             de
             Fresin
          
           ,
           and
           Capres
           ,
           to
           beseech
           him
           to
           come
           in
           all
           haste
           to
           Brussels
           .
           The
           Prince
           went
           to
           Brussels
           through
           the
           New-Canal
           ,
           attended
           by
           the
           Burghers
           of
           Antwerp
           who
           marched
           in
           good
           Order
           on
           one
           side
           of
           the
           Canal
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           other
           side
           by
           the
           Burghers
           of
           Brussels
           ,
           all
           in
           gilt
           Armour
           ,
           who
           came
           out
           of
           their
           City
           to
           meet
           him
           .
           He
           was
           receiv'd
           into
           Brussels
           with
           great
           magnificence
           and
           Triumph
           ,
           with
           incredible
           Acclamations
           of
           Joy
           by
           all
           the
           World.
           Immediately
           
           he
           was
           declared
           
             Governour
             of
             Brabant
          
           ,
           and
           
             Superintendant
             of
             the
             Finances
             of
             the
             Provinces
             .
          
        
         
           Upon
           this
           we
           may
           observe
           that
           tho'
           the
           Life
           of
           this
           Prince
           has
           been
           cross'd
           by
           strange
           Disappointments
           and
           Misfortunes
           capable
           of
           sinking
           a
           Man
           of
           less
           Resolution
           than
           himself
           :
           Yet
           these
           Accidents
           were
           sweeted
           from
           time
           to
           time
           with
           those
           secret
           pleasures
           and
           Delights
           which
           the
           most
           Stoical
           and
           insensible
           Men
           are
           overjoyed
           at
           ,
           as
           the
           Acclamations
           and
           Applauses
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           whose
           Hearts
           and
           Affections
           he
           entirely
           possess'd
           .
           Other
           Princes
           command
           only
           the
           Bodies
           of
           their
           Subjects
           ,
           without
           having
           any
           Empire
           over
           their
           Minds
           ,
           which
           ought
           to
           make
           up
           the
           noblest
           part
           of
           their
           Dominions
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           Envy
           is
           the
           inseparable
           Companion
           of
           Vertue
           ;
           and
           a
           great
           Reputation
           is
           often
           more
           dangerous
           than
           a
           bad
           one
           ;
           this
           pompous
           Reception
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           added
           to
           the
           Authority
           his
           great
           Birth
           ,
           Experience
           ,
           and
           Merit
           gained
           him
           in
           the
           States
           and
           in
           the
           Hearts
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           procured
           him
           the
           Jealousy
           of
           many
           Lords
           and
           Gentlemen
           of
           Quality
           ;
           the
           chief
           of
           whom
           were
           the
           Duke
           Arschot
           newly
           made
           Governour
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           the
           Marquess
           of
           Havret
           his
           Brother
           ,
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Lalain
          
           and
           his
           Brother
           ,
           the
           Siegneur
           
             de
             Montigny
          
           ,
           the
           Viscount
           of
           Ghent
           ,
           Count
           Egmont
           ,
           the
           Sieurs
           
             de
             Compigny
             ,
             de
             Rassinguem
          
           ,
           and
           
             de
             Sueveguem
          
           ,
           and
           many
           others
           :
           This
           jealous
           Party
           dispatched
           privately
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Malstede
          
           to
           offer
           the
           Government
           
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           to
           the
           Archduke
           Matthias
           Brother
           to
           the
           Emperor
           Rodolphus
           .
           He
           made
           so
           much
           hast
           ,
           and
           pressed
           the
           Archduke
           so
           strongly
           to
           depart
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           arrived
           at
           Cologne
           from
           Vienna
           before
           't
           was
           known
           that
           they
           had
           sent
           for
           him
           .
        
         
           These
           Gentlemen
           imagined
           that
           they
           should
           have
           all
           the
           Management
           of
           the
           Government
           under
           the
           Archduke
           ,
           who
           would
           consider
           them
           as
           the
           Authors
           of
           his
           Establishment
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           should
           ruine
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           by
           giving
           him
           a
           Superiour
           of
           that
           Quality
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           Art
           of
           Complying
           with
           all
           Times
           ,
           and
           turning
           Poison
           into
           Antidotes
           ,
           made
           a
           Modest
           Complement
           to
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           for
           not
           acquainting
           him
           with
           so
           important
           a
           Resolution
           as
           they
           had
           taken
           of
           sending
           for
           the
           Archduke
           ;
           whereas
           nothing
           ought
           to
           be
           transacted
           without
           the
           common
           Consent
           of
           all
           ,
           especially
           Matters
           of
           such
           Consequence
           .
           But
           he
           made
           no
           Opposition
           to
           the
           Reception
           or
           Establishment
           of
           the
           Archduke
           .
           Then
           having
           brought
           over
           to
           his
           party
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Lalain
          
           who
           had
           the
           chief
           Command
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           he
           managed
           Matters
           so
           well
           by
           his
           Address
           and
           Submissions
           that
           he
           gained
           the
           Archduke
           who
           was
           made
           Governour
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           upon
           certain
           Conditions
           ;
           and
           he
           himself
           was
           declared
           Lieutenant-General
           by
           majority
           of
           Voices
           in
           the
           States
           ;
           and
           the
           Archduke
           in
           consideration
           of
           his
           great
           Abilities
           trusted
           him
           with
           the
           intire
           Management
           
           of
           Affairs
           .
           In
           this
           manner
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           by
           his
           good
           Conduct
           and
           Prudence
           ,
           turn'd
           that
           Storm
           upon
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           which
           they
           raised
           with
           Design
           to
           ruin
           him
           .
           For
           the
           Duke
           of
           Arschot
           ,
           the
           head
           of
           the
           Faction
           ,
           had
           the
           Mortification
           to
           be
           seized
           in
           the
           Capital
           City
           of
           his
           Government
           
             (
             Ghent
          
           )
           by
           a
           Creature
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           
             Orange
             (
             Rehove
          
           )
           who
           bore
           the
           greatest
           Sway
           in
           that
           large
           City
           :
           And
           to
           make
           his
           Grief
           the
           more
           sensible
           ,
           his
           best
           Friends
           ,
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Bruges
           and
           Ypres
           ,
           and
           the
           Sieurs
           
             de
             Ressinguem
          
           and
           
             de
             Sueveguein
          
           ,
           and
           many
           others
           of
           his
           Dependants
           ,
           were
           seiz'd
           on
           at
           the
           same
           time
           .
        
         
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           of
           Austria
           ,
           having
           been
           declar'd
           Enemy
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           by
           the
           States-General
           the
           7th
           of
           September
           ,
           1577.
           recall'd
           all
           the
           Spanish
           and
           Italian
           Troops
           who
           had
           retired
           out
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           in
           pursuance
           to
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           .
           with
           a
           great
           Body
           of
           Germans
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           
             Alexander
             Farneze
          
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           Son
           to
           Margaret
           of
           Austria
           ,
           formerly
           Governess
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           .
           With
           this
           Reinforcement
           the
           last
           day
           of
           
             Ianuary
             ,
             An.
             Dom.
          
           1578.
           he
           defeated
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           at
           Gemblours
           ,
           commanded
           by
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Goiguin
          
           in
           the
           Absence
           of
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Lalain
          
           and
           the
           principal
           Officers
           who
           were
           at
           a
           Wedding
           in
           Brussels
           ;
           for
           which
           they
           were
           extreamly
           censured
           .
           All
           the
           Cannon
           was
           taken
           ,
           with
           30
           Colours
           and
           4
           Cornets
           .
           But
           the
           Reduction
           of
           the
           Famous
           City
           of
           Amsterdam
           ,
           which
           surrender'd
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           was
           united
           to
           the
           Body
           
           of
           Holland
           ,
           the
           8th
           of
           February
           following
           ,
           eight
           days
           after
           the
           Defeat
           ,
           made
           sufficient
           amends
           for
           this
           Loss
           .
        
         
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           ,
           encouraged
           by
           this
           great
           Success
           ,
           and
           hoping
           that
           this
           Victory
           would
           be
           the
           Instrument
           of
           another
           ,
           advanced
           with
           great
           Forces
           to
           attack
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           States
           at
           Rimenant
           near
           Malines
           commanded
           by
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Bossut
          
           .
           But
           the
           Count
           had
           intrenched
           himself
           so
           strongly
           ,
           that
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           was
           obliged
           to
           retire
           in
           great
           Confusion
           ,
           and
           considerable
           Loss
           :
           And
           't
           was
           agreed
           on
           by
           all
           Hands
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Bossut
          
           had
           marched
           out
           of
           his
           Camp
           he
           would
           have
           intirely
           defeated
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           ,
           who
           had
           a
           Crucifix
           in
           his
           Colours
           with
           this
           Motto
           ;
           
             With
             this
             Sign
             I
             have
             beaten
             the
          
           Turks
           ,
           
             and
             with
             This
             I
             will
             beat
             the
             Hereticks
             .
          
        
         
           In
           Iuly
           the
           States-General
           consented
           to
           a
           Toleration
           of
           both
           Religions
           in
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           which
           was
           called
           the
           
             Peace
             of
             Religion
          
           ,
           which
           all
           Men
           were
           not
           satisfied
           with
           ;
           by
           this
           means
           a
           Third
           Party
           sprung
           up
           ,
           called
           the
           Malecontents
           ;
           the
           principal
           of
           which
           were
           
             Emanuel
             de
             Lalain
          
           ,
           Baron
           
             de
             Montigny
          
           ,
           the
           Viscount
           of
           Ghent
           ,
           Governour
           of
           
             Artois
             ,
             Valentine
             de
             Pardieu
          
           ,
           Sieur
           
             de
             la
             Motte
          
           Governour
           of
           Gavelines
           ,
           the
           Baron
           
             de
             Capres
          
           ,
           and
           others
           .
           Thus
           the
           Provinces
           of
           Artois
           and
           Hainault
           returned
           to
           the
           Obedience
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           notwithstanding
           all
           the
           Remonstrances
           which
           the
           States
           made
           to
           them
           by
           Letters
           and
           Deputies
           .
        
         
         
           About
           this
           time
           the
           States
           coined
           Money
           with
           the
           Bodies
           of
           Count
           Horn
           and
           Count
           Egmont
           ,
           and
           their
           Heads
           upon
           Stakes
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           reverse
           two
           Horsemen
           and
           two
           Footmen
           fighting
           ,
           with
           this
           Inscription
           ,
           
             praestat
             pugnare
             pro
             patriâ
             quam
             simulatâ
             pace
             decipi
             ;
             It
             is
             better
             to
             fight
             for
             our
             Country
             ,
             than
             be
             deceived
             by
             a
             feigned
             peace
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Malecontents
           ,
           to
           secure
           themselves
           against
           the
           States
           ,
           desired
           that
           the
           Foreign
           Troops
           might
           be
           recalled
           into
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           Pacification
           of
           Ghent
           ,
           and
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           the
           States
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           their
           Defence
           ,
           treated
           with
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alencon
           ,
           whom
           they
           call'd
           
             the
             Defender
             of
             the
          
           Belgick
           Liberty
           ,
           upon
           condition
           that
           he
           should
           supply
           them
           with
           10000
           Foot
           ,
           and
           2000
           Horse
           ,
           paid
           at
           his
           own
           Charge
           .
           This
           Treaty
           was
           concluded
           by
           the
           Means
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           Navarre
           his
           Sister
           ,
           who
           in
           her
           Journey
           to
           the
           Spaw-Waters
           ,
           had
           drawn
           over
           a
           great
           number
           of
           Men
           to
           the
           party
           of
           her
           Brother
           ,
           whom
           she
           loved
           so
           tenderly
           ;
           among
           others
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Lalain
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Sieur
           
             D'
             Enchy
          
           Governour
           of
           Cambray
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             D.
          
           1578.
           in
           September
           died
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           of
           Austria
           ,
           in
           the
           Camp
           at
           Namur
           ,
           of
           Grief
           for
           being
           suspected
           in
           Spain
           ,
           where
           his
           Secretary
           had
           been
           Assassinated
           ,
           or
           of
           Poyson
           as
           many
           are
           of
           Opinion
           .
        
         
           Immediately
           after
           died
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Bossut
          
           General
           of
           the
           States
           ;
           who
           after
           his
           Death
           ,
           desired
           Mr.
           
             de
             la
             Nove
             Bras
             de
             fer
             ,
          
           in
           Consideration
           
           of
           his
           Reputation
           ,
           Valour
           ,
           Conduct
           and
           Experience
           in
           War
           ,
           to
           take
           upon
           him
           the
           Charge
           of
           
             Mareschal
             de
             Camp
          
           of
           their
           Army
           .
        
         
           
             Alexander
             Farneze
          
           Prince
           of
           Parma
           ,
           succeeded
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           Civility
           ,
           and
           obliging
           Carriage
           to
           all
           Men
           ,
           added
           to
           the
           great
           Promises
           he
           made
           ,
           strengthened
           the
           Party
           of
           the
           Male-Contents
           ,
           and
           weakened
           the
           power
           of
           the
           States
           .
        
         
           About
           this
           time
           ,
           the
           22d
           .
           of
           
             Ianuary
             ,
             A.
             D.
          
           1579.
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           laid
           the
           first
           Foundation
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           the
           united
           Provinces
           ,
           by
           the
           strict
           Union
           which
           he
           made
           at
           Utrecht
           ,
           between
           the
           Provinces
           of
           
             Gueldres
             ,
             Zutphen
             ,
             Holland
             ,
             Zealand
             ,
             Friezland
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Ommelands
           ,
           consisting
           of
           Twenty
           six
           Articles
           ,
           the
           chief
           of
           which
           were
           these
           ,
        
         
           
             The
             Provinces
             made
             an
             Alliance
             against
             the
             common
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             promised
             mutually
             to
             assist
             each
             other
             ,
             and
             never
             to
             treat
             of
             Peace
             ,
             or
             War
             but
             by
             common
             Consent
             .
             And
             all
             this
             without
             prejudice
             to
             the
             Statutes
             ,
             Privileges
             ,
             and
             Customs
             of
             every
             particular
             Province
             :
          
           Which
           Article
           was
           broken
           under
           the
           Government
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           when
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           assumed
           a
           Jurisdiction
           over
           all
           the
           Subjects
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           who
           till
           that
           time
           had
           no
           other
           Lords
           than
           the
           particular
           States
           of
           the
           Province
           .
           This
           Treaty
           was
           called
           the
           Union
           of
           Utrecht
           ,
           because
           't
           was
           made
           in
           that
           City
           .
           It
           was
           r●…tified
           by
           all
           the
           Governours
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           the
           States
           to
           show
           how
           necessary
           
           a
           perfect
           Union
           was
           to
           their
           Preservation
           ,
           took
           those
           words
           of
           Micipsa
           in
           Salust
           for
           their
           device
           .
           
             Concordiâ
             res
             parvae
             crescunt
             ,
             little
             Things
             become
             great
             by
             Concord
             .
          
        
         
           That
           Year
           Maestricht
           was
           taken
           by
           Storm
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           after
           a
           Siege
           of
           four
           Months
           ,
           and
           a
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           was
           set
           afoot
           at
           Cologne
           by
           the
           Mediation
           of
           the
           Emperor
           Rodolphus
           ,
           but
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           refusing
           to
           grant
           a
           Toleration
           of
           Religion
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           though
           it
           had
           been
           allowed
           in
           France
           and
           Germany
           ,
           the
           design
           did
           not
           take
           effect
           .
        
         
           Under
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           many
           Actions
           passed
           between
           the
           Male-Contents
           ,
           and
           the
           Troops
           of
           the
           States
           commanded
           by
           Mr.
           
             de
             la
             Nove
          
           ,
           who
           surprized
           Ninove
           in
           Flanders
           and
           took
           in
           their
           Beds
           Count
           Egmont
           ,
           his
           Wife
           ,
           and
           Mother
           with
           Count
           Charles
           his
           Brother
           ,
           and
           carried
           them
           Prisoners
           to
           Ghent
           ,
           where
           the
           People
           ,
           as
           they
           passed
           through
           the
           Streets
           ,
           threw
           Dirt
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           treated
           them
           with
           a
           thousand
           Indignities
           and
           abuses
           ,
           upbraiding
           them
           with
           abandoning
           their
           Country
           ,
           to
           joyn
           with
           the
           Executioners
           of
           their
           Fathers
           .
        
         
           But
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Nove
          
           after
           great
           Success
           ,
           was
           surprized
           himself
           with
           the
           few
           Men
           he
           had
           with
           him
           ,
           by
           the
           Viscount
           of
           Ghent
           and
           Marquess
           of
           Risbourg
           .
           The
           Cause
           of
           this
           Accident
           was
           the
           Sieur
           Marquette's
           not
           obeying
           Monsieur
           Nove's
           Orders
           in
           breaking
           down
           the
           Bridge
           which
           led
           to
           him
           .
           By
           order
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           he
           was
           carried
           Prisoner
           to
           the
           Castle
           of
           Limburg
           ,
           where
           
           he
           was
           barbarously
           treated
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           offered
           to
           set
           him
           at
           Liberty
           ,
           provided
           they
           might
           put
           out
           his
           Eyes
           .
           From
           whence
           't
           is
           visible
           how
           apprehensive
           they
           were
           of
           this
           great
           Captain
           .
           At
           last
           ,
           after
           a
           long
           Imprisonment
           ,
           he
           was
           exchang'd
           upon
           Count
           Egmont's
           Swearing
           never
           more
           to
           bear
           Arms
           against
           Spain
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           Duke
           of
           Lorrain
           and
           many
           other
           Lords
           and
           Princes
           were
           Guarrantees
           .
        
         
           Besides
           his
           great
           Skill
           in
           the
           Art
           of
           War
           ,
           which
           is
           celebrated
           by
           all
           Historians
           ,
           never
           was
           a
           Man
           of
           so
           clear
           and
           dis-interested
           a
           Vertue
           ,
           which
           he
           gave
           continual
           proofs
           of
           during
           the
           whole
           Course
           of
           his
           Life
           ;
           but
           among
           the
           rest
           one
           very
           remarkable
           Instance
           :
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Nove
             Bras
             de
             fer
          
           was
           a
           Gentleman
           of
           Bretaigne
           ,
           and
           had
           a
           Sister
           married
           to
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Vezins
          
           ,
           a
           Man
           of
           Quality
           and
           Fortune
           in
           Anjou
           ,
           who
           had
           by
           her
           a
           Son
           and
           two
           Daughters
           ;
           this
           Sister
           had
           20000
           Crowns
           for
           her
           Fortune
           ;
           but
           dying
           young
           ,
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Vezins
          
           married
           a
           Woman
           who
           was
           one
           of
           her
           Attendants
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           had
           several
           Children
           :
           This
           Megere
           ,
           after
           the
           Death
           of
           her
           Husband
           ,
           desiring
           to
           secure
           to
           her
           Children
           the
           great
           Estate
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Vezins
           ,
           could
           think
           of
           no
           more
           effectual
           way
           than
           by
           delivering
           the
           Children
           of
           the
           first
           Wife
           ,
           her
           Mistress
           ,
           to
           an
           English
           Merchant
           for
           a
           Sum
           of
           Money
           ,
           upon
           Condition
           that
           she
           should
           never
           see
           them
           more
           .
           The
           Merchant
           carried
           them
           immediately
           to
           Iersey
           and
           Guernsey
           .
           No
           one
           knew
           what
           became
           of
           the
           
           Daughters
           ;
           but
           the
           Foreign
           Merchant
           ,
           having
           more
           good
           Nature
           than
           the
           Mother
           in
           Law
           ,
           took
           pity
           of
           the
           Boy
           ,
           and
           brought
           him
           with
           him
           to
           London
           ,
           where
           he
           bred
           him
           up
           ,
           and
           taught
           him
           the
           Trade
           of
           a
           Shoomaker
           .
           This
           Boy
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           grown
           up
           ,
           travelling
           up
           and
           down
           the
           Country
           ,
           happened
           to
           be
           in
           Flanders
           at
           the
           time
           that
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Nove
          
           commanded
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           bringing
           him
           some
           Shooes
           ,
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Hove
          
           ,
           having
           narrowly
           view'd
           him
           ,
           told
           those
           that
           were
           about
           him
           ,
           that
           this
           young
           Lad
           had
           much
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           Stature
           and
           Mien
           of
           his
           Brother
           in
           Law
           
             de
             Vezins
          
           .
           Though
           he
           was
           exposed
           at
           the
           Age
           of
           4
           or
           5
           years
           ,
           he
           still
           retained
           some
           memory
           of
           his
           Name
           ,
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           what
           he
           was
           ;
           and
           told
           him
           that
           his
           Name
           was
           Vezins
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           was
           a
           French
           Man
           by
           Birth
           .
           But
           the
           great
           Business
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Nove
          
           hinder'd
           him
           from
           making
           further
           Enquiry
           into
           the
           Matter
           at
           that
           time
           .
           Some
           years
           after
           ,
           being
           released
           from
           his
           Imprisonment
           at
           Limburg
           ,
           and
           retiring
           to
           Geneva
           ,
           this
           same
           young
           Man
           who
           travelled
           over
           the
           World
           ,
           as
           Apprentices
           do
           ,
           once
           more
           meeting
           him
           when
           he
           had
           no
           Affairs
           ,
           after
           having
           very
           well
           examined
           him
           ,
           and
           ,
           besides
           the
           general
           Resemblance
           ,
           discovered
           some
           particular
           Marks
           which
           those
           of
           the
           Family
           
             de
             Vezins
          
           bore
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           make
           him
           be
           acknowledged
           Heir
           of
           that
           House
           ;
           and
           in
           order
           to
           it
           ,
           contrary
           to
           his
           own
           Interest
           ,
           made
           all
           the
           necessary
           Proceedings
           in
           Anjou
           ,
           at
           the
           Council
           and
           
           Parliament
           for
           the
           recovery
           of
           the
           Estate
           ;
           but
           being
           kill'd
           at
           Lambette
           in
           Bretaigne
           with
           a
           Musquet
           Ball
           ,
           before
           the
           Affair
           was
           compleated
           ,
           his
           Son
           
             Odel
             de
             la
             Nove
          
           ,
           (
           whom
           I
           have
           seen
           in
           my
           youth
           )
           Embassador
           extraordinary
           into
           Holland
           ,
           a
           Man
           that
           pursued
           the
           generous
           Example
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           put
           an
           end
           to
           the
           Process
           ;
           and
           by
           a
           famous
           Decree
           made
           him
           be
           declared
           Heir
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Vezins
           ,
           which
           the
           Children
           of
           his
           cruel
           Mother
           in
           Law
           had
           so
           long
           usurped
           .
           These
           Heroick
           Actions
           of
           the
           Father
           and
           Son
           can
           never
           be
           sufficiently
           praised
           ,
           which
           the
           curious
           Reader
           will
           be
           glad
           to
           learn
           ;
           and
           the
           Example
           of
           so
           rare
           a
           Vertue
           may
           Sp●…r
           on
           a
           generous
           Mind
           to
           an
           Emulation
           of
           such
           noble
           Performances
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           time
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           who
           had
           been
           made
           Governour
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           was
           at
           Ghent
           ,
           where
           he
           altered
           the
           Magistrates
           of
           the
           City
           ;
           erected
           contrary
           to
           their
           Privileges
           by
           the
           Violence
           of
           
             Iohn
             Imbese
          
           a
           turbulent
           daring
           Fellow
           ,
           who
           had
           at
           that
           time
           the
           chief
           Authority
           of
           the
           City
           .
           Imbese
           retired
           into
           Germany
           to
           Prince
           
             Casimir
             Palatine
          
           ,
           who
           had
           formerly
           brought
           such
           a
           great
           Body
           of
           Horse
           to
           the
           Assistance
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           much
           more
           been
           harass'd
           and
           inconvenienc'd
           by
           them
           than
           relieved
           or
           defended
           .
           But
           he
           returned
           again
           to
           Ghent
           and
           domineered
           there
           for
           some
           time
           with
           a
           Guard
           of
           30
           Halberdiers
           who
           still
           accompanied
           him
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           end
           a
           contrary
           Faction
           setting
           up
           against
           him
           ,
           as
           nothing
           is
           more
           changeable
           
           than
           the
           Affections
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           he
           was
           arrested
           ,
           tryed
           and
           beheaded
           .
        
         
           
             An.
             Dom.
          
           1580.
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           represented
           to
           the
           States-General
           ,
           that
           Considering
           the
           Desertion
           of
           some
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           the
           Falling
           off
           of
           a
           great
           many
           Men
           who
           quitted
           their
           Party
           to
           reconcile
           themselves
           to
           Spain
           ,
           by
           the
           means
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ;
           they
           could
           no
           longer
           defend
           themselves
           against
           so
           powerful
           an
           Enemy
           ;
           and
           that
           they
           were
           obliged
           either
           to
           make
           an
           Accommodation
           with
           Spain
           ,
           which
           he
           would
           never
           advise
           them
           to
           do
           ,
           when
           they
           could
           have
           no
           Security
           for
           their
           Lives
           or
           Religion
           ;
           or
           else
           to
           chuse
           some
           neighbouring
           Prince
           for
           their
           Lord
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           could
           think
           of
           none
           more
           proper
           than
           the
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           and
           Alencon
           only
           Brother
           to
           Henry
           the
           III.
           King
           of
           France
           .
           Which
           Resolution
           the
           States
           approving
           of
           they
           sent
           Deputies
           into
           France
           ;
           the
           most
           considerable
           of
           whom
           was
           
             Philip
             de
             Mornix
          
           ,
           Seigneur
           
             de
             S.
             Aldegonde
          
           ,
           who
           made
           a
           Treaty
           with
           him
           in
           
             September
             An.
             Dom.
          
           1580.
           at
           the
           Castle
           of
           
             Plessis
             les
             tours
          
           .
           The
           Heads
           of
           which
           were
           ,
           
             That
             the
          
           States
           of
           Holland
           ,
           Brabant
           ,
           Flanders
           ,
           Zealand
           ,
           Utrecht
           and
           Friezland
           ,
           
             would
             acknowledge
             him
             for
             their
             Sovereign
             Prince
             ,
             and
             his
             Posterity
             after
             him
             ,
             upon
             Condition
             that
             he
             should
             leave
             Matters
             of
             Religion
             in
             the
             same
             Posture
             they
             were
             in
             at
             that
             time
             ;
             and
             preserve
             the
             Privileges
             of
             the
             Provinces
             That
             he
             should
             hold
             an
             Assembly
             of
             the
          
           States-General
           
             every
             year
             ,
             who
             nevertheless
             should
             have
             power
             to
             meet
             when
             they
             pleased
             .
             That
             he
             should
             put
             
             no
             Man
             into
             any
             Employment
             ,
             Place
             ,
             or
             Government
             of
             the
             Provinces
             without
             their
             Consent
             .
             And
             that
             if
             he
             invaded
             their
             Privileges
             and
             broke
             the
             Treaty
             ,
             he
             should
             forfeit
             his
             Right
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             should
             be
             absolved
             from
             their
             Oath
             of
             Fidelity
             ,
             and
             have
             power
             to
             elect
             a
             new
             Prince
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Archduke
           seeing
           that
           there
           was
           no
           further
           Occasion
           for
           his
           Presence
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           were
           looking
           out
           for
           a
           more
           powerful
           Protection
           ,
           withdrew
           ,
           after
           having
           received
           Thanks
           and
           many
           Presents
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           Abilities
           and
           the
           Times
           ,
           leaving
           behind
           him
           the
           Reputation
           of
           a
           good
           and
           moderate
           Prince
           :
           But
           his
           Enemies
           in
           the
           End
           made
           him
           suspected
           of
           holding
           Intelligence
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           with
           all
           his
           Power
           sollicited
           the
           coming
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alencon
           ,
           to
           support
           himself
           and
           his
           Country
           with
           so
           considerable
           a
           Prince
           ;
           but
           more
           particularly
           because
           in
           Iune
           1580.
           the
           King
           had
           published
           a
           terrible
           Proscription
           against
           him
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           upbraids
           him
           with
           the
           Favours
           he
           had
           received
           from
           the
           Emperor
           ;
           among
           others
           ,
           for
           having
           secured
           to
           him
           the
           Succession
           of
           
             Renè
             de
             Nassaw
          
           and
           
             de
             Chalon
          
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           :
           That
           he
           had
           made
           him
           Governour
           of
           
             Holland
             ,
             Zealand
             ,
             Utrecht
          
           ,
           and
           Burgundy
           ,
           Knight
           of
           the
           Golden-Fleece
           ,
           and
           Councellor
           of
           State
           :
           That
           though
           he
           was
           a
           Stranger
           ,
           he
           had
           loaded
           him
           with
           Honours
           and
           Riches
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           made
           him
           very
           ungrateful
           Returns
           .
           That
           by
           his
           Instigation
           
           the
           Nobility
           had
           presented
           the
           Address
           against
           the
           Inquisition
           :
           That
           he
           had
           introduced
           the
           New
           Religion
           into
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           and
           disturb'd
           the
           Catholick
           Religion
           ,
           by
           the
           breaking
           of
           Images
           ,
           and
           demolishing
           Altars
           :
           That
           he
           had
           made
           War
           upon
           his
           Lord
           :
           That
           he
           had
           opposed
           all
           the
           Pacifications
           ,
           even
           that
           of
           Ghent
           ,
           and
           broken
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           ;
           that
           ,
           in
           short
           ,
           he
           declared
           him
           an
           ungrateful
           Man
           ,
           a
           Rebel
           ,
           a
           Disturber
           of
           the
           publick
           Peace
           ,
           a
           Heretick
           ,
           a
           Hypocrite
           ,
           a
           Cain
           ,
           a
           Iudas
           ,
           one
           that
           had
           a
           hardned
           Conscience
           ,
           a
           profane
           Wretch
           ,
           who
           had
           taken
           a
           Nun
           out
           of
           the
           Cloister
           to
           marry
           her
           ,
           and
           had
           Children
           by
           her
           ,
           a
           wicked
           and
           perjur'd
           man
           ,
           the
           Head
           of
           the
           Troubles
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           the
           Plague
           of
           Christendom
           ,
           the
           common
           Enemy
           of
           Mankind
           :
           That
           he
           out-law'd
           him
           ,
           and
           gave
           his
           Life
           ,
           his
           Body
           and
           Estate
           to
           him
           that
           could
           seize
           on
           it
           ;
           and
           to
           free
           the
           World
           from
           his
           Tyranny
           ,
           he
           promis'd
           ,
           upon
           the
           Word
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           and
           as
           a
           Servant
           of
           God
           Almighty
           ,
           to
           give
           25000
           Crowns
           to
           any
           man
           that
           should
           bring
           him
           alive
           or
           dead
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           besides
           a
           free
           Pardon
           and
           Indemnity
           of
           all
           his
           Crimes
           ;
           and
           to
           make
           him
           a
           Gentleman
           ,
           in
           case
           he
           was
           not
           so
           before
           .
           He
           declared
           all
           his
           Adherents
           to
           have
           forfeited
           their
           Nobility
           ,
           Estate
           and
           Honour
           ,
           if
           within
           a
           Month
           after
           the
           Publication
           of
           this
           Out-law'ry
           they
           did
           not
           leave
           him
           and
           return
           to
           their
           Duty
           .
        
         
           In
           December
           following
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           published
           his
           Apology
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           very
           long
           ,
           
           eloquent
           and
           handsome
           Piece
           ,
           and
           read
           it
           publickly
           in
           the
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States-General
           .
           The
           Prince
           made
           a
           Discovery
           of
           a
           great
           many
           Secrets
           which
           't
           was
           the
           King's
           Interest
           never
           to
           have
           had
           known
           .
           Kings
           have
           not
           so
           much
           Advantage
           in
           Defending
           themselves
           against
           their
           Subjects
           with
           their
           Pens
           as
           their
           Swords
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           Reason
           the
           King
           made
           no
           Answer
           to
           it
           ;
           but
           because
           this
           Apology
           is
           very
           considerable
           ,
           't
           is
           proper
           to
           put
           down
           the
           Substance
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           After
           having
           submitted
           his
           Life
           and
           Conduct
           to
           the
           Consideration
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           he
           says
           ,
           He
           was
           forc'd
           ,
           contrary
           to
           his
           Nature
           and
           Custom
           ,
           to
           discover
           some
           Indecencies
           which
           he
           would
           very
           willingly
           have
           concealed
           ;
           and
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           not
           loaded
           him
           with
           Injuries
           and
           Abuses
           ,
           he
           would
           have
           only
           answered
           the
           Proscription
           ,
           which
           he
           would
           have
           made
           appear
           unjust
           and
           without
           any
           Foundation
           .
           That
           his
           Enemy
           who
           made
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           who
           published
           it
           ,
           not
           being
           able
           to
           kill
           him
           by
           Poison
           or
           Sword
           ,
           endeavour
           to
           blot
           his
           Reputation
           by
           the
           Venom
           of
           their
           Tongues
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           Obligations
           they
           reproach'd
           him
           with
           ,
           he
           owns
           to
           have
           received
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Honour
           from
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           Charles
           the
           V.
           who
           bred
           him
           up
           9
           years
           in
           his
           Chamber
           ;
           and
           that
           his
           Memory
           (
           these
           are
           his
           own
           Words
           )
           will
           be
           for
           ever
           honoured
           by
           him
           ;
           but
           at
           the
           same
           time
           he
           is
           obliged
           to
           justifie
           his
           own
           Innocence
           ,
           to
           declare
           that
           he
           never
           
           received
           any
           Advantages
           from
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           but
           ,
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           suffered
           great
           Losses
           in
           his
           Service
           .
        
         
           That
           he
           could
           not
           deprive
           him
           of
           the
           Succession
           to
           
             Renè
             de
             Nassaw
          
           and
           
             de
             Chalons
          
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           his
           Cousin-german
           ,
           whose
           sole
           Heir
           he
           was
           without
           a
           manifest
           Injury
           ,
           unless
           they
           reckon
           the
           not
           seizing
           upon
           another
           Man
           's
           Right
           to
           be
           a
           Liberality
           .
        
         
           That
           he
           was
           so
           far
           from
           having
           received
           any
           Advantages
           from
           him
           ,
           that
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           for
           the
           good
           of
           his
           own
           Affairs
           ,
           being
           pressed
           on
           one
           hand
           by
           the
           Protestant
           Princes
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           other
           by
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           had
           by
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Nassaw
           disposed
           at
           his
           Expence
           of
           the
           County
           of
           Catzenellebogen
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           Landgrave
           of
           Hesse
           ,
           though
           it
           had
           been
           adjudged
           to
           him
           by
           the
           Imperial
           Chamber
           at
           Spires
           ,
           with
           above
           two
           millions
           of
           Arrears
           ,
           and
           the
           Emperor
           had
           taken
           no
           care
           to
           restore
           Prince
           Renè
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           his
           Cousin-german
           ,
           to
           the
           Possession
           of
           the
           third
           Part
           of
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Iuliers
           which
           belong'd
           to
           him
           by
           their
           Grandmother
           Margaret
           Countess
           
             de
             la
             Mark
          
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           gained
           the
           Victory
           by
           the
           Valour
           of
           that
           Prince
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           King
           had
           deprived
           him
           of
           the
           Possession
           of
           the
           Seigniory
           
             de
             Chartel
             velin
          
           ,
           (
           for
           which
           there
           was
           due
           to
           him
           above
           350000
           Livres
           )
           by
           bringing
           the
           Cause
           to
           be
           tryed
           in
           his
           Council
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           to
           be
           judged
           by
           the
           Parliament
           at
           Molines
           ;
           and
           it
           has
           ever
           since
           continued
           undecided
           .
           Which
           
           he
           mentions
           to
           show
           the
           World
           who
           ought
           to
           be
           taxed
           with
           Ingratitude
           ,
           he
           or
           the
           King.
           
        
         
           That
           h●…
           had
           spent
           above
           500000
           Crowns
           in
           the
           Embassy
           he
           made
           ,
           against
           his
           Will
           ,
           to
           the
           Emperor
           Ferdinand
           ;
           and
           when
           he
           was
           Hostage
           in
           France
           for
           the
           Peace
           of
           Cambray
           ;
           and
           that
           year
           when
           he
           commanded
           the
           Imperial
           Army
           ,
           and
           built
           Charlemont
           and
           Philipville
           in
           sight
           of
           the
           French
           Generals
           ;
           in
           all
           which
           time
           he
           only
           received
           300
           Florins
           a
           Month
           ,
           which
           would
           not
           pay
           for
           the
           pitching
           his
           Tents
           .
        
         
           That
           ,
           quite
           contrary
           ,
           those
           of
           his
           Family
           had
           spent
           great
           Estates
           ,
           and
           exposed
           their
           Lives
           freely
           in
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           ;
           that
           Engilbert
           the
           second
           Count
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           his
           Great
           Grandfather
           ,
           being
           Governour
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           for
           the
           Emperor
           Maximilian
           the
           I.
           had
           secured
           him
           these
           Provinces
           by
           the
           gaining
           of
           a
           Victory
           .
        
         
           That
           Count
           Henry
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           his
           paternal
           Uncle
           ,
           prevail'd
           upon
           the
           Electors
           to
           preferr
           Charles
           of
           Austria
           ,
           Grandson
           of
           Maximilian
           ,
           to
           Francis
           the
           I.
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           put
           the
           Imperial
           Crown
           upon
           his
           Head.
           
        
         
           That
           
             Philibert
             de
             Chalon
          
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           had
           conquered
           Lombardy
           ,
           and
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Naples
           ,
           for
           the
           Emperor
           ;
           and
           that
           by
           the
           taking
           of
           Rome
           and
           Clement
           the
           VII
           .
           his
           Enemy
           ,
           he
           had
           gained
           him
           vast
           Honour
           and
           Renown
           .
        
         
         
           That
           the
           Nephew
           of
           this
           
             Philibert
             ,
             Renè
             de
             Nassaw
          
           and
           
             de
             Chalon
          
           ,
           his
           Cousin-german
           ,
           was
           killed
           at
           the
           Emperor's
           Feet
           before
           St.
           Dizier
           after
           having
           repaired
           the
           Loss
           of
           a
           Battel
           and
           conquered
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Gueldres
           .
        
         
           That
           if
           the
           House
           of
           Nassaw
           had
           had
           noBeing
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           had
           not
           done
           such
           great
           Exploits
           before
           the
           King
           was
           born
           ,
           he
           could
           never
           have
           been
           able
           to
           put
           so
           many
           Titles
           ,
           Countries
           and
           Seigneuries
           ,
           in
           the
           Front
           of
           that
           infamous
           Proscription
           ,
           which
           declares
           him
           a
           Traitor
           and
           a
           Villain
           ,
           Crimes
           which
           none
           of
           his
           Family
           had
           ever
           been
           guilty
           of
           .
        
         
           That
           for
           so
           many
           Expences
           ,
           and
           signal
           Services
           of
           his
           Family
           ,
           they
           could
           not
           shew
           the
           least
           Mark
           of
           Acknowledgment
           from
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           Kings
           of
           Hungary
           had
           given
           to
           his
           Predecessor
           as
           a
           perpetual
           Proof
           of
           their
           Valour
           in
           defending
           them
           from
           the
           Invasion
           of
           the
           Infidels
           ,
           several
           Pieces
           of
           Artillery
           ,
           which
           were
           carried
           away
           by
           Force
           ,
           out
           of
           his
           Castle
           of
           Breda
           when
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           tyranniz'd
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           King
           reproaches
           him
           with
           having
           made
           him
           Governour
           of
           
             Holland
             ,
             Zealand
             ,
             Utrecht
          
           and
           Burgundy
           ,
           Knight
           of
           his
           Order
           ,
           and
           Councellor
           of
           State
           ,
           he
           answers
           ,
           That
           if
           he
           ought
           to
           thank
           any
           one
           for
           that
           ,
           't
           is
           the
           Emperor
           Charles
           V.
           who
           at
           his
           Departure
           for
           Spain
           ,
           had
           so
           appointed
           it
           in
           consideration
           of
           his
           great
           Services
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           King
           himself
           had
           forfeited
           his
           Pretensions
           to
           that
           Order
           ,
           by
           breaking
           the
           Statutes
           
           (
           which
           expressly
           enjoyn
           ,
           that
           no
           Knight
           can
           be
           tryed
           but
           by
           his
           Peers
           )
           in
           Condemning
           the
           Counts
           
             Egmont
             ,
             Horn
             ,
             de
             Bergues
             ,
          
           and
           Montigny
           ,
           by
           Rascals
           ,
           and
           Men
           of
           no
           Birth
           or
           Merit
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           Government
           of
           Burgundy
           belonged
           to
           him
           hereditarily
           ,
           the
           House
           of
           Chalon
           having
           all
           along
           enjoyed
           it
           without
           Contradiction
           .
           And
           as
           for
           the
           Employment
           of
           a
           Councellor
           of
           State
           ,
           he
           obtained
           that
           by
           the
           Policy
           of
           Cardinal
           Granville
           who
           screen'd
           himself
           from
           the
           People
           by
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           in
           whom
           they
           reposed
           an
           intire
           Credit
           and
           Confidence
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           King
           ,
           to
           render
           him
           odious
           ,
           charges
           him
           with
           Marrying
           a
           Nun
           ,
           he
           answers
           ,
           That
           Slanderers
           ought
           to
           be
           free
           from
           all
           Blame
           ,
           and
           that
           't
           is
           an
           unaccountable
           Impudence
           in
           the
           King
           to
           reproach
           him
           with
           a
           lawful
           Marriage
           ,
           and
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Word
           of
           God
           ;
           whereas
           the
           King
           is
           all
           covered
           over
           with
           Crimes
           .
           He
           maintains
           that
           he
           was
           actually
           married
           to
           
             Donna
             Isabella
             Osorio
          
           ,
           and
           had
           three
           Children
           by
           her
           ,
           when
           he
           married
           the
           Infanta
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           Mother
           to
           
             Don
             Carlos
          
           .
        
         
           That
           he
           murthered
           his
           own
           Son
           for
           speakiing
           in
           Favour
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           ;
           and
           poisoned
           his
           third
           Wife
           Isabella
           of
           France
           ,
           Daughter
           to
           Henry
           the
           II.
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           in
           whose
           Life-time
           he
           publickly
           kept
           
             Donna
             Eufratia
          
           ,
           whom
           he
           forced
           the
           Prince
           of
           Ascoti
           to
           marry
           when
           she
           was
           big
           with
           Child
           by
           him
           ,
           that
           his
           Bastard
           might
           inherit
           the
           great
           
           Estate
           of
           this
           Prince
           ,
           who
           died
           of
           Grief
           ,
           if
           not
           (
           says
           the
           Prince
           )
           of
           a
           Morsel
           more
           easy
           to
           swallow
           than
           digest
           .
        
         
           That
           afterwards
           he
           was
           not
           ashamed
           to
           commit
           publick
           Incest
           in
           marrying
           his
           own
           Niece
           ,
           Daughter
           to
           Maximilian
           the
           Emperor
           and
           his
           Sister
           .
           But
           ,
           
             says
             the
             King
          
           ,
           I
           had
           a
           Dispensation
           .
           Ay
           ,
           
             says
             the
             Prince
          
           ,
           only
           from
           the
           God
           on
           Earth
           ;
           for
           the
           God
           of
           Heaven
           would
           never
           have
           granted
           it
           :
           These
           are
           the
           very
           Words
           of
           the
           Prince
           .
        
         
           That
           it
           was
           as
           strange
           as
           insupportable
           ,
           that
           a
           Man
           blacken'd
           with
           Adultery
           ,
           Poisoning
           ,
           Incest
           ,
           and
           Parricide
           ,
           should
           make
           a
           Crime
           of
           a
           Marriage
           approved
           of
           by
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Montpensier
          
           his
           Father-in-law
           ,
           a
           more
           zealous
           Catholick
           than
           the
           Spaniards
           are
           with
           all
           their
           Grimaces
           and
           Preterisions
           .
        
         
           That
           if
           his
           Wife
           had
           made
           Vows
           in
           her
           tender
           Age
           ,
           which
           is
           contrary
           to
           the
           Canons
           and
           Decrees
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Opinion
           of
           the
           ablest
           Men
           ;
           
             And
             though
             she
             had
             never
             made
             any
             Protestations
             against
             it
             ,
          
           He
           was
           not
           so
           little
           vers'd
           in
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           ,
           but
           He
           knew
           that
           all
           Bonds
           and
           Engagements
           entred
           into
           meerly
           upon
           the
           Score
           of
           Interest
           ,
           had
           no
           Force
           before
           God.
           
        
         
           To
           that
           Article
           ,
           where
           the
           King
           calls
           him
           a
           Stranger
           ,
           he
           answers
           ,
           That
           his
           Ancestors
           had
           possessed
           for
           many
           Ages
           Counties
           and
           Baronies
           in
           
             Luxemburg
             ,
             Brabant
             ,
             Holland
          
           and
           Flanders
           ;
           and
           that
           those
           who
           have
           Estates
           in
           the
           Provinces
           have
           still
           been
           reckoned
           Natives
           .
        
         
         
           That
           the
           King
           is
           a
           Stranger
           as
           well
           as
           himself
           ,
           being
           born
           in
           Spain
           ,
           a
           Country
           which
           bears
           a
           natural
           Aversion
           to
           the
           Low-Countries
           ;
           and
           he
           in
           Germany
           ,
           a
           neighbouring
           Country
           and
           Friend
           of
           the
           Provinces
           .
           But
           (
           says
           the
           Prince
           )
           they
           'll
           say
           he
           is
           King
           ;
           to
           which
           he
           answers
           ,
           Then
           let
           him
           be
           King
           in
           
             Castile
             ,
             Arragon
             ,
             Naples
          
           ,
           the
           Indies
           ,
           and
           Ierusalem
           ,
           and
           in
           Africk
           and
           Asia
           ,
           if
           he
           please
           ;
           that
           for
           his
           part
           he
           will
           acknowledge
           but
           a
           Duke
           and
           a
           Count
           ,
           whose
           Power
           is
           limited
           by
           the
           Privileges
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           which
           the
           King
           has
           sworn
           to
           ob
           serve
           .
        
         
           That
           he
           must
           let
           the
           Spaniards
           know
           ,
           if
           they
           are
           not
           acquainted
           with
           it
           already
           ,
           that
           the
           Barons
           of
           Brabant
           ,
           when
           their
           Princes
           go
           beyond
           Bounds
           ,
           have
           often
           shown
           them
           what
           their
           Power
           was
           .
           He
           ended
           this
           Discourse
           by
           saying
           ,
           That
           't
           was
           strange
           that
           they
           had
           the
           Impudence
           to
           charge
           him
           with
           being
           a
           Stranger
           ,
           in
           regard
           his
           Predecessors
           were
           Dukes
           of
           Gueldres
           ,
           and
           Owners
           of
           great
           Possessions
           in
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           when
           the
           King's
           Ancestors
           were
           only
           Counts
           of
           Hapsburg
           ,
           living
           in
           Switzerland
           ,
           and
           their
           Family
           was
           not
           known
           in
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           The
           Prince
           maintains
           that
           the
           Design
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           was
           always
           to
           enslave
           the
           Netherlands
           and
           erect
           a
           tyrannical
           Government
           ,
           as
           they
           have
           done
           in
           the
           
             Indies
             ,
             Naples
             ,
             Sicily
          
           and
           Milan
           .
           That
           the
           Emperor
           Charles
           the
           V.
           being
           acquainted
           with
           it
           ,
           represented
           to
           King
           Philip
           ,
           in
           his
           Presence
           ,
           and
           the
           old
           
           Count
           of
           Bossut
           and
           many
           others
           ;
           That
           if
           he
           did
           not
           curb
           the
           Pride
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           he
           would
           be
           the
           Ruin
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           .
           But
           that
           neither
           the
           paternal
           Authority
           ,
           nor
           the
           Interest
           of
           his
           Affairs
           ,
           nor
           Justice
           ,
           nor
           his
           Oath
           ,
           which
           is
           sacred
           among
           the
           Barbarians
           ,
           could
           bridle
           his
           unbounded
           Passion
           of
           Tyrannizing
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           Country
           granted
           a
           considerable
           Supply
           of
           Money
           ,
           with
           which
           and
           the
           Courage
           of
           the
           Nobility
           of
           these
           Provinces
           ,
           having
           won
           two
           famous
           Battles
           ,
           and
           taken
           a
           great
           number
           of
           Prisoners
           of
           the
           highest
           Quality
           in
           France
           ,
           he
           concluded
           a
           Peace
           at
           Cambray
           ,
           as
           Profitable
           to
           himself
           as
           Disadvantageous
           to
           his
           Enemies
           .
           That
           if
           the
           King
           had
           any
           Gratitude
           remaining
           he
           could
           not
           deny
           but
           that
           he
           was
           one
           of
           the
           principal
           Instruments
           in
           bringing
           it
           about
           ;
           having
           managed
           it
           in
           particular
           ,
           with
           the
           
             Constable
             de
             Montmorency
          
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Mareschal
             de
             St.
             Andre
          
           ,
           by
           the
           King's
           Orders
           ,
           who
           assured
           him
           that
           he
           could
           not
           do
           a
           more
           grateful
           piece
           of
           Service
           to
           him
           ,
           than
           by
           effecting
           a
           Peace
           ,
           at
           a
           time
           when
           he
           was
           resolved
           to
           go
           into
           Spain
           upon
           any
           Terms
           .
        
         
           But
           these
           Supplies
           of
           Money
           ,
           and
           this
           great
           Success
           obtained
           by
           the
           Blood
           of
           their
           Nobility
           ,
           were
           reckoned
           Crimes
           of
           High-Treason
           ,
           because
           nothing
           would
           be
           granted
           ,
           but
           on
           Condition
           the
           States-General
           should
           meet
           ,
           and
           the
           promis'd
           Subsidies
           pass
           through
           the
           Hands
           of
           Commissaries
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           to
           clip
           the
           Wings
           of
           these
           Harpies
           ,
           Barlaymont
           
           and
           others
           like
           him
           .
           And
           these
           as
           he
           assures
           ,
           are
           the
           two
           great
           Crimes
           ,
           which
           created
           that
           implacable
           Hatred
           in
           the
           King
           and
           Council
           to
           the
           Low-Countries
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           of
           these
           Crimes
           was
           the
           Demand
           of
           an
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States-General
           ;
           who
           are
           as
           much
           hated
           by
           bad
           Princes
           for
           bridling
           their
           Tyranny
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           loved
           and
           reverenced
           by
           good
           Kings
           the
           true
           Fathers
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           who
           consider
           them
           as
           the
           most
           sure
           Foundation
           of
           a
           State
           ,
           and
           the
           true
           support
           of
           Soveraigns
           .
        
         
           The
           second
           is
           the
           Demand
           they
           made
           of
           having
           Commissioners
           of
           the
           Provinces
           for
           managing
           the
           Subsidies
           ;
           the
           Prince
           affirming
           that
           these
           Devourers
           of
           the
           People
           reckon
           their
           Robberies
           and
           Cheatings
           a
           better
           Revenue
           than
           that
           of
           their
           Lands
           .
           That
           seeing
           themselves
           out
           of
           Condition
           any
           longer
           to
           enrich
           themselves
           at
           the
           Expence
           of
           the
           publick
           with
           Indempnity
           ;
           they
           look
           out
           for
           all
           Pretences
           ,
           by
           flattering
           their
           Princes
           ,
           to
           incense
           them
           and
           set
           them
           at
           odds
           with
           their
           Subjects
           .
           He
           concluded
           this
           Article
           by
           assuring
           the
           States-General
           to
           whom
           he
           addresses
           himself
           all
           along
           )
           that
           he
           has
           seen
           their
           Actions
           ,
           heard
           their
           Discourses
           ,
           and
           been
           Witness
           of
           those
           Counsels
           ,
           whereby
           they
           designed
           to
           make
           a
           general
           Massacre
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           they
           had
           practised
           in
           the
           Indies
           ,
           where
           they
           had
           destroyed
           thirty
           times
           more
           People
           than
           are
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
        
         
           To
           that
           part
           of
           the
           Charge
           where
           the
           King
           accuses
           him
           of
           gaining
           the
           Hearts
           of
           all
           
           those
           who
           desired
           Innovation
           ,
           particularly
           those
           who
           were
           suspected
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ,
           by
           his
           private
           Intrigues
           ;
           and
           of
           being
           the
           Author
           of
           the
           Request
           against
           the
           Inquisition
           .
           He
           owns
           that
           he
           was
           always
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           in
           his
           Heart
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           established
           by
           his
           Father
           William
           Count
           of
           Nassaw
           in
           his
           Dominions
           .
           That
           he
           heard
           the
           King
           of
           
             France
             ,
             Henry
          
           the
           II.
           say
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           Hostage
           in
           France
           ,
           that
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           was
           then
           treating
           with
           him
           to
           root
           out
           all
           the
           Protestants
           of
           France
           ,
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           and
           all
           Christendom
           besides
           .
           That
           they
           had
           resolved
           to
           establish
           the
           merciless
           Inquisition
           ;
           the
           Severity
           of
           which
           was
           such
           ,
           that
           the
           looking
           a
           squint
           upon
           an
           Image
           was
           Crime
           enough
           to
           deserve
           burning
           .
           That
           he
           could
           not
           suffer
           that
           so
           many
           good
           Men
           and
           Lords
           of
           his
           Acquaintance
           should
           be
           design'd
           for
           the
           Slaughter
           ;
           which
           made
           him
           firmly
           resolve
           utterly
           to
           extirpate
           this
           cursed
           Race
           of
           Men
           ,
           and
           that
           if
           he
           had
           been
           well
           seconded
           in
           so
           just
           and
           generous
           a
           Design
           there
           would
           have
           been
           nothing
           left
           to
           preserve
           the
           Memory
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           but
           their
           Bones
           and
           their
           Graves
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           Address
           which
           they
           make
           a
           Crime
           of
           ,
           he
           thinks
           it
           as
           advantageous
           to
           his
           own
           Credit
           and
           Honour
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           King's
           Service
           ,
           and
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           to
           have
           advised
           the
           presenting
           it
           ,
           as
           a
           certain
           method
           to
           divert
           the
           Deluge
           of
           these
           infinite
           Disorders
           which
           afterwards
           happened
           .
           And
           as
           for
           the
           Protestant
           Sermons
           ,
           he
           advised
           
           Madam
           
             de
             Parma
          
           to
           permit
           them
           ,
           things
           being
           in
           such
           a
           posture
           that
           they
           could
           not
           be
           hindered
           without
           a
           manifest
           danger
           of
           the
           entire
           Subversion
           of
           the
           Government
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           King
           says
           that
           the
           Care
           and
           Providence
           of
           Madam
           
             de
             Parma
          
           was
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           obliged
           to
           quit
           the
           Netherlands
           ;
           he
           owns
           that
           the
           Charge
           would
           be
           true
           ,
           if
           his
           Treachery
           and
           Disloyalty
           had
           been
           the
           Cause
           of
           it
           ;
           but
           that
           ,
           a
           year
           before
           ,
           he
           would
           willingly
           have
           retired
           and
           surrendred
           all
           his
           Employments
           .
           When
           he
           saw
           that
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Bergues
          
           and
           Montigny
           had
           lost
           their
           Lives
           in
           Spain
           ,
           and
           Gibbets
           were
           erected
           ,
           and
           Fires
           kindled
           all
           over
           the
           Country
           ,
           he
           thought
           it
           high
           time
           to
           put
           himself
           in
           a
           place
           of
           Security
           ,
           without
           trusting
           to
           the
           King's
           Lerters
           ,
           full
           of
           fair
           Promises
           and
           Offers
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           deceive
           him
           .
        
         
           That
           they
           had
           fallen
           upon
           his
           Person
           and
           Estate
           .
           That
           neither
           the
           Consideration
           of
           the
           Privileges
           of
           the
           University
           of
           Louvain
           ,
           nor
           the
           Province
           of
           Brabant
           ,
           could
           hinder
           them
           from
           carrying
           his
           Son
           Prisoner
           into
           Spain
           :
           And
           that
           by
           so
           rigorous
           and
           unjust
           a
           Treatment
           he
           was
           absolved
           from
           all
           his
           Oaths
           ,
           and
           had
           good
           Ground
           to
           make
           War
           upon
           his
           Enemy
           ;
           which
           was
           objected
           to
           him
           as
           a
           Crime
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           King
           laid
           nothing
           to
           his
           Charge
           ,
           but
           what
           his
           Predecessor
           Henry
           of
           Castile
           had
           been
           guilty
           of
           :
           who
           tho'
           a
           Bastard
           rebell'd
           against
           his
           lawful
           Prince
           
             Don
             Pedro
          
           King
           of
           Castile
           and
           Leon
           ,
           and
           kill'd
           him
           with
           his
           ownhand
           .
           
           If
           the
           King
           answers
           ,
           that
           
             Don
             Pedro
          
           was
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           possessed
           Castile
           only
           by
           that
           Title
           ;
           wherefore
           ,
           says
           the
           Prince
           ,
           should
           not
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           be
           used
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           ;
           for
           there
           never
           was
           a
           Tyrant
           who
           subverted
           the
           Laws
           and
           Constitutions
           of
           the
           Country
           with
           more
           Arrogance
           ,
           or
           broke
           his
           Oath
           with
           more
           Impudence
           than
           King
           Philip.
           And
           that
           at
           least
           
             Don
             Pedro
          
           was
           neither
           guilty
           of
           Incest
           ,
           nor
           a
           Parricide
           ,
           nor
           a
           Murtherer
           of
           his
           Wife
           :
           And
           though
           he
           was
           born
           the
           King's
           Subject
           ,
           and
           should
           take
           up
           Arms
           against
           him
           ,
           't
           was
           no
           more
           than
           Albert
           the
           first
           Duke
           of
           Austria
           ,
           formerly
           Count
           of
           Hapsburg
           ,
           his
           Predecessor
           ,
           had
           done
           against
           the
           Emperor
           Adolphus
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           his
           Lord
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Prince's
           Ancestors
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           affirms
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           an
           origiginal
           ,
           mutual
           Contract
           between
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Brabant
           and
           their
           Vassals
           ;
           that
           they
           owe
           Obedience
           to
           their
           Prince
           ,
           who
           ,
           on
           his
           side
           ,
           is
           bound
           to
           preserve
           their
           Privileges
           ;
           the
           chief
           of
           which
           are
           ,
           That
           the
           Dukes
           cannot
           change
           the
           Constitution
           of
           the
           Province
           by
           any
           Decree
           ;
           That
           they
           are
           to
           be
           satisfied
           with
           their
           ordinary
           Revenue
           ;
           That
           they
           can
           lay
           no
           new
           Impositions
           ,
           nor
           bring
           any
           Troops
           into
           the
           Province
           without
           the
           Consent
           of
           the
           States
           ;
           nor
           alter
           the
           Price
           of
           Money
           ;
           nor
           imprison
           any
           man
           without
           the
           Information
           of
           the
           Magistrate
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           nor
           send
           him
           out
           of
           the
           Country
           .
           The
           Lords
           of
           the
           Provinces
           are
           obliged
           by
           their
           Oath
           to
           maintain
           and
           assert
           these
           Privileges
           ;
           because
           by
           their
           
           Prerogative
           they
           have
           the
           Charge
           of
           the
           Militia
           ,
           and
           the
           Arms
           of
           the
           Province
           ;
           and
           not
           doing
           it
           they
           are
           to
           be
           accounted
           Perjur'd
           ,
           and
           Enemies
           of
           their
           Country
           .
           That
           the
           King
           has
           not
           violated
           only
           one
           of
           these
           Privileges
           ,
           but
           all
           ,
           and
           many
           times
           over
           .
           He
           has
           seiz'd
           upon
           his
           Estates
           ,
           his
           Dignities
           ,
           and
           his
           Son
           ,
           contrary
           to
           his
           Immunities
           .
           That
           for
           this
           Reason
           he
           was
           absolved
           from
           his
           Oath
           of
           Allegiance
           ,
           and
           by
           Consequence
           had
           a
           right
           to
           defend
           himself
           by
           Force
           of
           Arms
           ;
           and
           above
           all
           ,
           because
           the
           King
           would
           never
           redress
           and
           make
           Amends
           for
           his
           Faults
           ,
           having
           rejected
           the
           Intercessions
           of
           the
           Emperor
           Maximilian
           ,
           and
           the
           Petitions
           of
           his
           Subjects
           who
           deputed
           to
           him
           the
           principal
           Lords
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           which
           he
           put
           to
           Death
           by
           the
           Hands
           of
           the
           Hangman
           against
           the
           Law
           of
           Nations
           ,
           as
           he
           had
           served
           all
           others
           whom
           he
           could
           seize
           on
           by
           his
           Artifices
           ,
           and
           who
           were
           too
           credulous
           ,
           in
           believing
           his
           false
           Promises
           .
        
         
           This
           abundantly
           justifies
           the
           Prince
           for
           taking
           up
           Arms
           for
           his
           own
           and
           his
           Country's
           Preservation
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           could
           not
           take
           footing
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           at
           his
           first
           Entry
           ,
           as
           the
           King
           reproaches
           to
           him
           ,
           't
           was
           no
           more
           than
           what
           had
           happened
           to
           the
           greatest
           Generals
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           King
           himself
           ,
           who
           has
           often
           invaded
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           ,
           and
           been
           driven
           shamefully
           out
           without
           being
           able
           to
           make
           himself
           Master
           of
           one
           Inch
           of
           Ground
           .
           And
           in
           regard
           ,
           by
           his
           Oath
           ,
           he
           dispenses
           with
           his
           Subjects
           from
           obeying
           him
           if
           he
           acts
           contrary
           to
           the
           Laws
           ,
           why
           is
           he
           so
           impudent
           
           to
           say
           that
           the
           Prince
           has
           taken
           up
           Arms
           against
           him
           unjustly
           .
        
         
           To
           that
           Article
           in
           which
           the
           King
           says
           he
           returned
           into
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           by
           Bribery
           and
           Corrupting
           the
           Inhabitants
           ;
           he
           makes
           answer
           ,
           that
           he
           went
           there
           at
           the
           Instance
           and
           Sollicitation
           of
           the
           principal
           Men
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           which
           he
           is
           able
           to
           make
           appear
           by
           their
           Letters
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           King
           accuses
           him
           of
           having
           persecuted
           the
           Church-men
           ,
           driven
           out
           the
           Catholicks
           ,
           and
           banished
           that
           Religion
           ;
           he
           replies
           ,
           That
           all
           this
           had
           been
           done
           by
           a
           common
           Consent
           ,
           to
           preserve
           their
           Lives
           and
           Privileges
           against
           Men
           who
           had
           taken
           an
           Oath
           to
           the
           Pope
           ,
           and
           were
           setting
           all
           Engines
           a
           work
           to
           subvert
           their
           Liberties
           ,
           and
           the
           newly
           established
           Religion
           :
           Which
           was
           represented
           at
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           at
           Breda
           ,
           where
           this
           Article
           of
           Religion
           was
           confirmed
           by
           the
           Decree
           and
           Seal
           of
           all
           the
           Cities
           ,
           and
           that
           't
           was
           not
           fair
           to
           impute
           that
           to
           him
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           by
           an
           unanimous
           consent
           of
           the
           whole
           Country
           .
        
         
           When
           he
           reproaches
           him
           for
           granting
           Liberty
           of
           Conscience
           ;
           he
           answers
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           always
           been
           as
           averse
           to
           the
           Burning
           so
           many
           Men
           as
           the
           Duke
           had
           taken
           pleasure
           in
           it
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           was
           of
           Opinion
           to
           put
           a
           Stop
           to
           all
           Persecutions
           .
        
         
           He
           ingenuously
           owns
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           before
           the
           holding
           of
           the
           States
           at
           Ghent
           ,
           and
           his
           Departure
           into
           Spain
           ,
           had
           commanded
           him
           to
           put
           to
           Death
           many
           good
           Men
           suspected
           
           to
           favour
           the
           new
           Religion
           ;
           but
           he
           never
           put
           these
           cruel
           Orders
           in
           Execution
           ,
           but
           gave
           them
           notice
           of
           it
           ,
           not
           being
           able
           to
           do
           it
           with
           a
           safe
           Conscience
           ,
           and
           chusing
           rather
           to
           obey
           God
           than
           Man.
           
        
         
           He
           says
           that
           they
           do
           him
           Wrong
           in
           laying
           the
           Murther
           of
           some
           Ecclesiasticks
           to
           his
           Charge
           ;
           for
           he
           punished
           the
           Criminals
           with
           Death
           ;
           and
           those
           who
           were
           of
           an
           illustrious
           Family
           ,
           as
           the
           Count
           
             de
             la
             Mark
          
           ,
           convicted
           of
           those
           Outrages
           ,
           were
           condemned
           only
           to
           Imprisonment
           and
           loss
           of
           their
           Employments
           ,
           in
           Consideration
           of
           their
           great
           Alliances
           .
        
         
           To
           that
           Head
           wherein
           the
           King
           declares
           that
           he
           did
           not
           command
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           to
           establish
           the
           Imposition
           of
           the
           10th
           and
           20th
           penny
           ;
           he
           answers
           ,
           That
           his
           not
           being
           punished
           for
           it
           ,
           is
           sufficient
           Proof
           that
           he
           had
           Orders
           to
           do
           it
           .
           And
           that
           he
           cannot
           escape
           the
           Imputation
           of
           a
           Tyrant
           for
           Imposing
           this
           Tribute
           ,
           or
           suffering
           so
           great
           a
           Boldness
           committed
           against
           his
           Will
           to
           go
           unpunished
           .
           He
           adds
           ,
           that
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           had
           too
           much
           Sense
           to
           dare
           settle
           so
           severe
           an
           Imposition
           without
           the
           express
           and
           reiterated
           Orders
           of
           the
           King
           ;
           and
           that
           otherwise
           he
           would
           never
           have
           fined
           the
           Burgo-master
           of
           Amsterdam
           25000
           Florins
           for
           opposing
           the
           raising
           of
           this
           new
           Tax
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           King
           would
           have
           done
           much
           better
           to
           preserve
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Tunis
           and
           Guletta
           ,
           which
           the
           Emperor
           had
           conquered
           from
           the
           Turks
           ,
           and
           which
           he
           preferred
           to
           all
           his
           other
           Victories
           ,
           than
           to
           make
           an
           unjust
           War
           
           upon
           his
           own
           Subjects
           .
           But
           that
           his
           Passion
           and
           Fury
           had
           transported
           him
           so
           far
           ,
           that
           his
           Eyes
           and
           Understanding
           were
           blinded
           ,
           and
           hindred
           him
           from
           seeing
           the
           ill
           Measures
           he
           had
           taken
           :
           And
           that
           he
           chose
           rather
           to
           expose
           his
           Weakness
           to
           his
           Subjects
           than
           employ
           his
           Forces
           against
           the
           common
           Enemy
           of
           Christendom
           .
           He
           adds
           ,
           that
           as
           Hannibal
           had
           sworn
           the
           Ruin
           of
           the
           Romans
           upon
           the
           Altars
           of
           his
           Gods
           ,
           so
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           had
           vowed
           the
           Destruction
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ;
           which
           is
           visible
           from
           the
           Cruelties
           he
           committed
           there
           .
           That
           if
           a
           Master
           is
           known
           by
           his
           Servant
           ,
           they
           might
           easily
           guess
           at
           the
           good
           Affection
           the
           King
           bare
           to
           the
           Low-Countries
           by
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           this
           unrelenting
           Minister
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           King
           says
           ,
           That
           the
           Pope
           dispenses
           with
           him
           from
           keeping
           his
           Oath
           ;
           the
           Prince
           answers
           ,
           That
           he
           does
           not
           consider
           ,
           that
           by
           breaking
           his
           Oath
           ,
           at
           the
           same
           time
           his
           Subjects
           were
           absolved
           from
           their
           Oath
           of
           Fidelity
           .
           He
           adds
           ,
           That
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           was
           preparing
           to
           hang
           the
           principal
           Men
           of
           Brussels
           for
           refusing
           to
           submit
           to
           the
           raising
           of
           the
           tenth
           Penny
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Hangman
           was
           ordered
           to
           get
           ready
           seventeen
           Ropes
           ;
           that
           the
           Dictum
           of
           the
           Sentence
           was
           already
           writ
           ,
           and
           the
           Spanish
           Soldiers
           going
           to
           their
           Arms
           to
           guard
           the
           Execution
           ,
           when
           the
           happy
           News
           of
           the
           Taking
           of
           the
           Brille
           arrived
           ,
           and
           saved
           them
           from
           the
           Gallows
           .
        
         
           Speaking
           of
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           ,
           he
           says
           it
           was
           concluded
           by
           the
           Artifice
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           
           contrary
           to
           his
           Advice
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           .
           That
           there
           was
           no
           other
           Difference
           between
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           and
           the
           Commander
           
             de
             Requesens
          
           and
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           ;
           but
           that
           the
           last
           could
           not
           dissemble
           as
           well
           as
           they
           ,
           nor
           conceal
           his
           Venom
           so
           long
           .
           For
           't
           is
           undisputable
           from
           the
           Letters
           which
           were
           intercepted
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           the
           same
           Orders
           as
           the
           other
           Governours
           had
           to
           oppress
           the
           Low-Countries
           .
        
         
           When
           they
           charge
           him
           with
           Breaking
           the
           Pacification
           of
           Ghent
           and
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           ;
           he
           answers
           ,
           That
           't
           was
           the
           Spaniards
           that
           broke
           it
           ,
           by
           restoring
           no
           man
           to
           the
           possession
           of
           his
           Estate
           ,
           or
           Charges
           ,
           and
           by
           detaining
           the
           Prisoners
           .
           That
           the
           King
           had
           given
           Orders
           to
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           not
           to
           observe
           the
           Peace
           ,
           as
           appears
           from
           the
           intercepted
           Letters
           ,
           and
           that
           when
           he
           swore
           to
           it
           ,
           't
           was
           on
           Condition
           that
           he
           would
           keep
           it
           till
           he
           repented
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           he
           explained
           himself
           to
           some
           Deputies
           of
           the
           States
           .
           Thus
           the
           Peace
           of
           Ghent
           and
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           being
           once
           violated
           ,
           't
           was
           in
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           States
           to
           provide
           for
           their
           own
           Defence
           ,
           by
           explaining
           ,
           enlarging
           and
           altering
           the
           Treaty
           .
        
         
           That
           he
           is
           extreamly
           concerned
           at
           the
           Insolencies
           which
           the
           Soldiers
           committed
           in
           his
           Governments
           ,
           though
           they
           were
           not
           to
           be
           compared
           with
           the
           intolerable
           Outrages
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           .
        
         
           He
           Complains
           of
           the
           Treachery
           of
           many
           Lords
           and
           Gentlemen
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           who
           preferred
           their
           own
           private
           Interests
           ,
           and
           the
           
           Spanish
           Tyranny
           ,
           to
           the
           Good
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           which
           they
           have
           torn
           by
           their
           Division
           ,
           and
           might
           have
           rendred
           flourishing
           by
           their
           Union
           Inveighing
           against
           the
           Infidelity
           of
           his
           false
           Brothers
           called
           Male-contents
           ,
           he
           says
           ,
           He
           cannot
           enough
           admire
           the
           Inconstancy
           and
           the
           unsettledness
           of
           their
           Resolutions
           .
           They
           serve
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           and
           the
           Commander
           Requesens
           ,
           like
           Servants
           ,
           and
           make
           a
           vigorous
           War
           upon
           me
           .
           Immediately
           after
           ,
           They
           treat
           with
           me
           ,
           are
           reconciled
           ,
           and
           declare
           themselves
           Enemies
           to
           the
           
             Spaniards
             ;
             Don
             Iohn
          
           arrives
           ,
           they
           follow
           him
           and
           contrive
           my
           Ruin
           ;
           when
           
             Don
             Iohn
          
           miscarries
           in
           his
           Attempt
           upon
           Antwerp
           ,
           they
           quit
           him
           and
           recall
           me
           ;
           I
           am
           no
           sooner
           come
           ,
           but
           ,
           contrary
           to
           their
           Oath
           ,
           without
           acquainting
           me
           with
           it
           ,
           they
           call
           in
           the
           Archduke
           Matthias
           :
           And
           him
           too
           they
           immediately
           forsake
           ;
           and
           without
           giving
           me
           notice
           ,
           send
           for
           the
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           ,
           and
           promise
           him
           Wonders
           ,
           and
           then
           abandon
           him
           and
           join
           with
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ;
           upon
           which
           the
           Prince
           cries
           out
           ,
           
             Are
             the
             Waves
             of
             the
             Sea
             or
             the
          
           Euripus
           
             more
             inconstant
             than
             these
             Men
             ,
             who
             consented
             to
             this
             Proscription
             ,
             when
             't
             was
             my
             Courage
             and
             Firmness
             that
             restored
             them
             to
             the
             Enjoyment
             of
             their
             Estates
             and
             Places
             !
          
        
         
           When
           they
           say
           that
           he
           got
           the
           Government
           of
           Brabant
           and
           Flanders
           by
           Intriguing
           and
           making
           Parties
           ;
           he
           answers
           in
           a
           Word
           ,
           That
           these
           Governments
           were
           conferred
           on
           him
           at
           the
           Desire
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           by
           a
           general
           Approbation
           .
        
         
         
           When
           they
           endeavour
           to
           make
           him
           odious
           ,
           by
           saying
           that
           he
           loads
           the
           People
           with
           Impositions
           ;
           he
           replies
           ,
           That
           they
           are
           laid
           on
           by
           the
           Consent
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           if
           the
           King
           raises
           such
           excessive
           Taxes
           upon
           his
           Subjects
           to
           oppress
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           and
           the
           other
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           why
           should
           not
           they
           have
           the
           same
           Liberty
           allowed
           them
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           defend
           themselves
           from
           the
           Spanish
           Tyranny
           .
        
         
           When
           they
           blame
           him
           for
           turning
           out
           those
           Officers
           in
           the
           Cities
           who
           were
           well
           affected
           to
           the
           King
           ;
           he
           says
           ,
           That
           they
           were
           Enemies
           to
           the
           Country
           ,
           and
           he
           did
           well
           to
           drive
           them
           out
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           King
           taxes
           him
           with
           the
           Credit
           and
           Authority
           he
           had
           over
           the
           People
           ,
           as
           a
           great
           Crime
           ;
           he
           answers
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           a
           great
           Honour
           to
           him
           that
           they
           have
           chosen
           him
           for
           their
           Defender
           against
           so
           cruel
           a
           Tyranny
           ,
           which
           has
           kindled
           so
           just
           an
           Hatred
           and
           Aversion
           in
           all
           their
           Hearts
           .
        
         
           When
           they
           reproach
           him
           with
           hating
           the
           Nobility
           ;
           Yes
           ,
           says
           the
           Prince
           ,
           those
           who
           degenerating
           from
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           and
           not
           treading
           in
           their
           generous
           Steps
           ,
           betray
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           join
           with
           those
           who
           endeavour
           its
           Ruin.
           
        
         
           When
           the
           King
           says
           that
           the
           Peace
           treated
           at
           Cologne
           by
           the
           Mediation
           of
           the
           Emperor
           Rodolphus
           ,
           was
           judged
           reasonable
           by
           all
           men
           of
           Sence
           ;
           the
           Prince
           says
           ,
           That
           it
           follows
           thence
           necessarily
           ,
           that
           all
           those
           who
           think
           it
           unreasonable
           and
           deceitful
           ,
           have
           neither
           Reason
           
           nor
           Judgment
           .
           For
           what
           Appearance
           is
           there
           ,
           (
           continues
           he
           ,
           )
           that
           a
           People
           harrassed
           and
           impoverished
           by
           so
           long
           a
           War
           ,
           would
           refuse
           an
           equitable
           Peace
           with
           their
           Prince
           ,
           unless
           it
           appeared
           to
           be
           a
           Bait
           or
           a
           Blind
           only
           to
           surprize
           them
           ?
           That
           this
           Peace
           projected
           at
           Cologne
           was
           worse
           than
           War
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Honey
           of
           a
           treacherous
           Tongue
           is
           more
           dangerous
           than
           the
           Point
           of
           a
           Sword.
           That
           if
           the
           Emperor
           thought
           this
           a
           reasonable
           Peace
           ,
           he
           was
           perswaded
           so
           by
           the
           Betrayers
           of
           their
           Country
           .
        
         
           When
           they
           object
           to
           him
           the
           Union
           of
           Utrecht
           ,
           which
           they
           reckon
           the
           worst
           and
           greatest
           of
           his
           Crimes
           ;
           he
           answers
           ,
           That
           the
           Spaniards
           like
           nothing
           that
           contributes
           to
           the
           Interests
           of
           the
           States
           ;
           and
           what
           is
           wholesome
           to
           the
           Oppressed
           ,
           is
           mortal
           to
           the
           Favourers
           of
           Tyranny
           .
           That
           their
           Enemies
           had
           grounded
           all
           their
           Hopes
           upon
           their
           Division
           ;
           against
           which
           there
           is
           no
           such
           Specifick
           as
           a
           Good
           Union
           ,
           nor
           a
           more
           certain
           Antidote
           against
           Discord
           than
           Concord
           ,
           which
           has
           prevented
           and
           made
           useless
           all
           their
           Intrigues
           and
           Intelligences
           .
           He
           owns
           that
           he
           was
           the
           Author
           of
           this
           Union
           ;
           and
           speaks
           it
           so
           loud
           ,
           that
           he
           wishes
           that
           not
           only
           Spain
           ,
           but
           all
           Europe
           may
           hear
           him
           .
           Upon
           which
           he
           exhorts
           the
           States
           to
           preserve
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           practice
           the
           Moral
           of
           the
           Bundle
           of
           Arrows
           tied
           together
           by
           one
           Band
           ,
           which
           they
           bear
           in
           their
           Arms.
           Instead
           of
           blushing
           at
           it
           ,
           he
           glories
           in
           an
           Action
           so
           conducive
           to
           the
           Preservation
           of
           their
           Liberties
           .
        
         
         
           When
           they
           upbraid
           him
           with
           driving
           out
           the
           Church-Men
           ;
           he
           denies
           that
           he
           ever
           did
           so
           ,
           till
           
             George
             de
             Lalain
          
           ,
           Count
           
             de
             Renneberg
          
           Governour
           of
           Freizland
           ,
           surprized
           Groningen
           by
           Treachery
           ,
           and
           the
           Massacre
           of
           the
           principal
           Burghers
           ,
           among
           others
           the
           Burgo-Master
           Hillebrand
           ,
           a
           Man
           of
           the
           greatest
           Authority
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           having
           supped
           with
           him
           and
           caressed
           him
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           over-reach
           him
           ,
           the
           day
           before
           this
           infamous
           Surprizal
           .
           And
           that
           they
           could
           not
           reproach
           him
           ,
           that
           in
           all
           the
           Troubles
           and
           Confusions
           stirred
           up
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           he
           ever
           stained
           his
           Hands
           in
           the
           Blood
           of
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           who
           relied
           on
           his
           Faith.
           
        
         
           When
           he
           is
           accused
           of
           driving
           out
           some
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ;
           he
           denies
           it
           ,
           and
           declares
           that
           they
           retired
           voluntarily
           through
           the
           Terrour
           of
           their
           Consciences
           ,
           having
           openly
           contriv'd
           the
           Ruin
           of
           their
           Country
           ;
           and
           ,
           Wou'd
           to
           God
           ,
           added
           the
           Prince
           ,
           all
           they
           who
           are
           like
           them
           would
           follow
           them
           ,
           to
           rid
           the
           Country
           of
           all
           Fear
           .
        
         
           He
           says
           't
           is
           ridiculous
           to
           call
           him
           Hypocrite
           ,
           who
           never
           dissembled
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           .
           When
           he
           was
           their
           Friend
           he
           talked
           freely
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           foretold
           them
           by
           Word
           of
           Mouth
           ,
           and
           Writing
           ,
           that
           those
           rigorous
           Persecutions
           would
           ruin
           them
           .
           That
           being
           forced
           to
           become
           their
           Enemy
           ,
           to
           support
           the
           Liberty
           of
           his
           Country
           ,
           what
           Hypocrisy
           can
           they
           charge
           him
           with
           ,
           unless
           they
           call
           Hypocrisy
           the
           making
           open
           War
           upon
           them
           ,
           taking
           their
           Cities
           ,
           driving
           them
           out
           of
           the
           
           Country
           and
           acting
           against
           them
           with
           all
           the
           Vigour
           the
           Right
           of
           a
           just
           War
           entitles
           him
           to
           .
           That
           if
           they
           will
           take
           the
           Pains
           to
           read
           over
           his
           Defence
           ,
           which
           he
           published
           13
           years
           since
           ,
           to
           justify
           his
           Taking
           up
           Arms
           ,
           they
           will
           see
           the
           Letters
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           who
           is
           a
           Hypocrite
           and
           Dissembler
           ,
           who
           thought
           to
           surprize
           him
           with
           fair
           Words
           ,
           as
           now
           he
           thinks
           to
           daunt
           him
           with
           Threats
           .
        
         
           When
           King
           Philip
           calls
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           Desperate
           as
           Cain
           and
           Iudas
           ;
           he
           says
           't
           is
           a
           quite
           different
           thing
           ,
           to
           distrust
           the
           Grace
           of
           God
           who
           cannot
           Lye
           ,
           and
           to
           suspect
           the
           Words
           of
           a
           treacherous
           and
           deceitful
           Man
           :
           Witness
           the
           poor
           Moors
           of
           Granada
           ;
           Count
           
             Egmont
             ,
             Horn
          
           and
           many
           others
           .
           That
           the
           fall
           of
           Cain
           and
           Iudas
           was
           Despair
           caused
           by
           the
           dreadful
           Sins
           they
           had
           been
           guilty
           of
           ;
           to
           which
           State
           he
           was
           not
           yet
           reduced
           ,
           his
           Conscience
           upbraiding
           him
           with
           nothing
           .
           But
           the
           Style
           of
           a
           Man
           in
           Despair
           is
           visible
           in
           this
           Heathenish
           and
           Turkish
           Proscription
           .
        
         
           When
           he
           accuses
           him
           of
           Distrust
           ,
           and
           says
           it
           is
           an
           ordinary
           thing
           with
           wicked
           Men
           ,
           he
           makes
           an
           Apostrophe
           to
           Cardinal
           Granville
           (
           whom
           he
           believed
           the
           Authour
           of
           this
           Proscription
           )
           in
           these
           Terms
           :
           
             And
             thou
             Cardinal
             ,
             who
             hast
             lost
             so
             much
             time
             at
             the
             College
             ,
             unless
             thou
             callest
             that
             Learning
             ,
             to
             be
             trained
             up
             in
             thy
             Youth
             in
             the
             Arts
             of
             Lying
             and
             Deceiving
             ,
             what
             answer
             canst
             thou
             make
             to
             that
             sententious
             Orator
             and
             Lover
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             when
             he
             says
             that
             Distrust
             and
             Jealousy
             is
             the
             strongest
             Bulwark
             of
             Liberty
             
             against
             Tyranny
             ?
          
           Which
           was
           said
           against
           another
           Philip
           ,
           a
           puny
           Tyrant
           in
           comparison
           of
           this
           
             Dom
             Philip
          
           ,
           who
           has
           out
           done
           the
           greatest
           ,
           and
           whose
           Tyranny
           the
           divine
           Philippick
           it self
           is
           not
           able
           to
           express
           .
           Consider
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           I
           for
           my
           part
           ,
           says
           the
           Prince
           ,
           will
           speak
           ,
           write
           and
           ingrave
           every
           where
           this
           fine
           and
           useful
           Sentence
           .
           And
           would
           to
           God
           ,
           I
           may
           be
           better
           believed
           by
           my
           People
           than
           Demosthenes
           was
           by
           his
           ,
           who
           suffering
           themselves
           to
           be
           imposed
           on
           by
           such
           Villains
           and
           Dissemblers
           as
           thou
           art
           ,
           were
           in
           the
           end
           utterly
           ruined
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           King
           reproaches
           him
           with
           refusing
           very
           advantageous
           Offers
           which
           were
           made
           him
           upon
           condition
           he
           would
           retire
           into
           Germany
           ,
           and
           abandon
           the
           States
           ;
           he
           says
           the
           Spanish
           Folly
           and
           Impertinence
           cannot
           be
           sufficiently
           admired
           ,
           who
           endeavouring
           to
           blacken
           and
           defame
           him
           ,
           raise
           his
           Reputation
           ,
           by
           owning
           that
           he
           preferrs
           the
           Safety
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           their
           Liberty
           ,
           to
           his
           own
           Repose
           and
           Native
           Country
           .
           That
           he
           would
           willingly
           be
           freed
           from
           all
           his
           Troubles
           and
           Disappointments
           ,
           and
           enjoy
           his
           Estate
           and
           the
           Presence
           of
           his
           Son
           in
           Peace
           .
           But
           since
           this
           could
           not
           be
           effected
           without
           perjuring
           himself
           ,
           and
           betraying
           the
           States
           ,
           violating
           his
           Faith
           ,
           and
           abandoning
           them
           to
           the
           Cruelty
           of
           their
           mortal
           Enemies
           :
           No
           Consideration
           of
           his
           Estate
           ,
           his
           Life
           ,
           Children
           or
           Wife
           should
           prevail
           upon
           him
           to
           deliver
           them
           over
           a
           Prey
           to
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           to
           be
           worried
           and
           massacred
           by
           them
           .
           He
           concludes
           ,
           
           't
           was
           a
           very
           great
           Crime
           which
           they
           reproach'd
           him
           with
           ,
           to
           be
           a
           Man
           of
           Honour
           and
           of
           unshaken
           Firmness
           and
           Constancy
           ,
           not
           to
           be
           wrought
           on
           by
           Threatnings
           nor
           Promises
           .
           And
           that
           on
           those
           false
           Accusations
           the
           King
           and
           Spaniards
           have
           grounded
           this
           barbarous
           Proscription
           full
           of
           Calumnies
           ,
           Abuses
           ,
           and
           inconceivable
           Imprecations
           ,
           which
           he
           is
           no
           more
           frighted
           with
           than
           Philibert
           of
           Orange
           was
           with
           the
           Bull
           which
           Pope
           Clement
           the
           VII
           .
           thundered
           out
           against
           him
           ;
           who
           for
           all
           that
           made
           him
           his
           Prisoner
           .
        
         
           He
           declares
           to
           the
           States
           and
           all
           Europe
           ,
           that
           whatever
           Spaniard
           ,
           or
           whatever
           Man
           in
           the
           Spanish
           Interests
           says
           or
           shall
           say
           ,
           as
           this
           Proscription
           does
           ,
           that
           he
           is
           a
           wicked
           Man
           and
           a
           Traitor
           ,
           lyes
           ,
           speaks
           falsely
           and
           against
           the
           Truth
           .
           That
           though
           the
           Spaniards
           forbid
           him
           the
           use
           of
           Fire
           and
           Water
           ,
           in
           spite
           of
           all
           their
           Rage
           he
           will
           live
           by
           the
           Assistance
           of
           his
           Friends
           as
           long
           as
           it
           pleases
           God
           ,
           who
           alone
           has
           the
           Disposal
           of
           Life
           and
           Death
           ,
           and
           who
           has
           numbered
           all
           the
           Hairs
           of
           his
           Head.
           As
           for
           his
           Estates
           he
           hopes
           (
           God
           willing
           )
           that
           the
           Purchase
           of
           them
           will
           cost
           the
           Spaniards
           so
           dear
           that
           they
           will
           be
           obliged
           to
           seek
           out
           others
           elsewhere
           at
           an
           easier
           rate
           .
           As
           for
           those
           they
           wrongfully
           detain
           from
           him
           ,
           he
           hopes
           to
           dispossess
           them
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           never
           usurped
           the
           Possessions
           of
           a
           poor
           Prince
           who
           proved
           a
           greater
           Burthen
           to
           them
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           King
           promises
           25000
           Crowns
           to
           any
           Man
           that
           shall
           bring
           him
           alive
           or
           
           dead
           ,
           to
           make
           him
           a
           Gentleman
           if
           not
           so
           before
           ,
           with
           a
           full
           Pardon
           of
           all
           his
           Crimes
           how
           hainous
           soever
           ;
           he
           answers
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           Gentleman
           had
           been
           guilty
           of
           so
           villainous
           an
           Action
           ,
           no
           man
           of
           Honour
           would
           eat
           or
           drink
           with
           the
           Wretch
           or
           endure
           his
           Presence
           .
           That
           if
           the
           Spaniards
           reckon
           such
           Men
           Noble
           ,
           and
           if
           this
           is
           the
           ready
           way
           to
           Honour
           in
           Castile
           ,
           no
           wonder
           all
           the
           World
           believes
           that
           the
           most
           part
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Nobility
           are
           descended
           from
           the
           Moors
           ,
           and
           Iews
           who
           sold
           our
           Saviour's
           Life
           for
           ready
           Money
           ;
           and
           that
           they
           inherit
           the
           Vertue
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           .
           Upon
           this
           Subject
           ,
           the
           Prince
           writes
           that
           the
           Just
           God
           has
           taken
           away
           the
           King's
           Understanding
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           ennobling
           of
           Villains
           and
           pardoning
           of
           the
           greatest
           Crimes
           ,
           would
           destroy
           the
           Defender
           of
           a
           People
           tyrannized
           over
           .
           That
           he
           has
           the
           Impudence
           to
           mix
           the
           Name
           of
           God
           with
           so
           many
           abominable
           Promises
           ,
           though
           he
           calls
           himself
           
             the
             Minister
             of
             God
          
           ,
           and
           assumes
           the
           power
           of
           not
           only
           permitting
           what
           God
           forbids
           ,
           but
           of
           rewarding
           it
           with
           Money
           ,
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           indemnity
           of
           all
           their
           Offences
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           concludes
           by
           a
           Persuasive
           of
           Union
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           suffer
           themselves
           to
           be
           dazled
           with
           the
           false
           Praises
           the
           King
           gives
           those
           who
           forsook
           them
           contrary
           to
           their
           Oath
           ,
           to
           scatter
           Division
           among
           them
           .
           His
           Enemy
           gives
           out
           that
           his
           Quarrel
           is
           only
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           as
           Author
           of
           all
           these
           Troubles
           and
           the
           War
           ,
           which
           will
           last
           eternally
           so
           long
           as
           he
           lives
           ,
           imitating
           the
           Wolves
           
           in
           the
           Fable
           ,
           who
           published
           that
           their
           Design
           was
           only
           on
           the
           Dogs
           ,
           (
           the
           Keepers
           and
           Guardians
           of
           the
           Flock
           )
           to
           devour
           afterwards
           the
           Sheep
           at
           their
           Leisure
           .
           But
           for
           a
           Proof
           of
           the
           King
           's
           Dissembling
           and
           his
           Cruelty
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           absent
           in
           Germany
           the
           Country
           was
           as
           much
           persecuted
           as
           ever
           .
           As
           many
           were
           drown'd
           hang'd
           and
           burn'd
           as
           before
           ;
           and
           the
           Liberty
           of
           the
           Country
           was
           extreamly
           well
           maintained
           by
           their
           mild
           Governour
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           .
           That
           the
           King
           's
           principal
           Design
           was
           to
           root
           out
           the
           Religion
           ,
           the
           only
           bulwark
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           without
           which
           it
           could
           not
           support
           it self
           three
           days
           :
           For
           they
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           could
           repose
           no
           Confidence
           in
           Spaniards
           or
           Papists
           .
        
         
           He
           repeats
           once
           more
           ,
           that
           Union
           and
           Religion
           may
           defend
           and
           protect
           them
           from
           all
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           concludes
           in
           these
           Words
           ,
           
             That
             he
             would
             willingly
             purchase
             their
             Ease
             and
             Repose
             at
             the
             Expence
             of
             his
             own
             Banishment
             or
             Death
             .
             That
             Exile
             and
             Death
             upon
             these
             Conditions
             would
             be
             grateful
             and
             agreeable
             .
             But
             if
             they
             thought
             his
             Life
             might
             contribute
             to
             the
             Defence
             of
             their
             Liberties
             ,
             he
             offered
             them
             his
             Assistance
             ,
             Industry
             ,
             and
             Blood
             it self
             ,
             which
             he
             would
             spill
             to
             the
             last
             Drop
             in
             their
             Preservation
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           would
           willingly
           have
           had
           the
           States-General
           publish
           this
           Apology
           in
           their
           Name
           .
           But
           some
           Provinces
           finding
           the
           Reflections
           on
           the
           King
           to
           be
           too
           severe
           and
           bitter
           ,
           and
           not
           being
           acquainted
           with
           
           the
           Crimes
           he
           imputed
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           thought
           it
           not
           proper
           .
           They
           contented
           themselves
           with
           declaring
           by
           a
           Decree
           ,
           That
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           wrongfully
           accused
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           accepted
           the
           Government
           at
           their
           earnest
           Desires
           ;
           and
           offer'd
           to
           maintain
           a
           Troop
           of
           Horse
           for
           the
           greater
           Security
           of
           his
           Person
           :
           Desiring
           him
           to
           continue
           to
           defend
           their
           Liberties
           ,
           and
           promising
           all
           Obedience
           and
           Deference
           to
           his
           Commands
           and
           Counsels
           ,
           which
           they
           acknowledged
           to
           have
           no
           other
           aim
           but
           their
           Safety
           .
        
         
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           
             An.
             Dom.
          
           1581.
           the
           City
           and
           Castle
           of
           Breda
           were
           surprized
           by
           
             Claude
             de
             Barlaymont
          
           Count
           
             de
             Hautepenne
          
           ,
           by
           the
           Means
           of
           the
           Baron
           
             de
             Fresin
          
           kept
           prisoner
           in
           the
           place
           by
           Order
           of
           the
           States
           upon
           Suspicion
           of
           holding
           Intelligence
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           the
           Truth
           of
           which
           he
           confirmed
           ,
           as
           much
           a
           Prisoner
           as
           he
           was
           ,
           by
           causing
           the
           City
           to
           be
           surprized
           by
           the
           Means
           of
           one
           Soldier
           ,
           whom
           he
           had
           gained
           over
           to
           his
           Party
           .
           This
           was
           a
           great
           Loss
           to
           the
           States
           and
           a
           sensible
           Affliction
           to
           the
           Prince
           ,
           whose
           hereditary
           Estate
           this
           City
           and
           its
           Territories
           were
           .
           This
           is
           an
           Instance
           that
           a
           Prisoner
           ought
           never
           to
           be
           kept
           in
           a
           Frontier-Town
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           Heart
           of
           the
           Country
           ;
           for
           as
           they
           think
           of
           nothing
           but
           setting
           themselves
           at
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           all
           their
           Thoughts
           are
           bent
           that
           way
           ,
           they
           are
           always
           contriving
           Methods
           and
           inventing
           Ways
           to
           bring
           it
           about
           ;
           't
           is
           in
           effect
           Nourishing
           a
           Serpent
           in
           our
           Bosom
           ,
           and
           there
           needs
           nothing
           more
           to
           take
           
           an
           Impregnable
           Fortress
           than
           the
           corrupting
           of
           a
           Centinel
           when
           the
           Enemy
           is
           in
           the
           Neighbourhood
           ,
           who
           may
           come
           at
           the
           time
           appointed
           to
           Petard
           or
           Scale
           the
           place
           .
        
         
           We
           should
           have
           seen
           in
           our
           time
           a
           remarkable
           instance
           of
           a
           Surprize
           of
           this
           Nature
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Advantage
           of
           the
           Arms
           of
           France
           ,
           if
           Hatred
           and
           Revenge
           had
           not
           born
           a
           greater
           Influence
           over
           the
           great
           Minister
           ,
           than
           the
           Glory
           of
           his
           Master
           or
           the
           Good
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           :
           But
           this
           Mystery
           has
           lain
           concealed
           hitherto
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           his
           Resentment
           who
           governed
           all
           things
           with
           an
           absolute
           Authority
           in
           the
           last
           years
           of
           the
           Life
           of
           Monsieur
           the
           Cardinal
           
             de
             Richelieu
          
           .
        
         
           The
           Story
           is
           this
           ;
           After
           the
           Defeat
           of
           
             Honne
             Court
          
           ,
           in
           
             May
             1642.
             
             Don
             Francisque
             de
             Mello
          
           Governour
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           put
           several
           Prisoners
           of
           Quality
           ,
           in
           the
           Castle
           of
           Ghent
           ,
           to
           the
           Number
           of
           Seventy
           .
           The
           principal
           of
           whom
           were
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Rantzau
          
           ,
           since
           Mareschal
           of
           France
           ,
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             Roquelaure
          
           now
           Duke
           and
           Governour
           of
           Guyenne
           ,
           the
           Marquess
           de
           St.
           Maigrim
           kill'd
           at
           the
           Battle
           of
           St.
           Anthony
           ,
           and
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Lalen
          
           Captain
           in
           the
           Regiment
           of
           Piedmont
           ,
           who
           died
           afterwards
           at
           Cremona
           ,
           commanding
           the
           French
           Infantry
           of
           the
           Army
           of
           Italy
           .
           This
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Lalen
          
           was
           originally
           of
           Lyons
           ,
           of
           mean
           Birth
           ,
           but
           of
           extraordinary
           Valor
           and
           Fidelity
           ,
           which
           might
           give
           him
           just
           Grounds
           to
           hope
           for
           the
           highest
           Employments
           of
           War.
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Rantzau
          
           ,
           impatient
           in
           his
           Prison
           ,
           obtained
           Leave
           of
           the
           
           Spaniards
           to
           send
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Lalen
          
           into
           France
           to
           propose
           some
           Exchange
           of
           Prisoners
           .
           But
           during
           his
           stay
           at
           Court
           ,
           where
           the
           variety
           and
           multitude
           of
           Business
           hinders
           their
           speedy
           Dispatch
           ,
           and
           where
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Noyers
          
           ,
           who
           hated
           him
           ,
           did
           not
           take
           much
           pains
           to
           get
           him
           his
           Liberty
           .
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Rantzau
          
           ,
           tired
           with
           the
           long
           Stay
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Lalen
          
           ,
           and
           holding
           a
           secret
           Correspondence
           with
           me
           by
           Letters
           ,
           who
           did
           him
           all
           the
           good
           Offices
           at
           Court
           of
           which
           I
           was
           capable
           ,
           upon
           the
           Account
           of
           the
           Esteem
           and
           Friendship
           I
           had
           for
           him
           ;
           he
           complained
           extreamly
           in
           all
           his
           Letters
           of
           Monsieur
           Lalen's
           being
           detained
           so
           long
           ,
           at
           a
           time
           when
           his
           Presence
           was
           necessary
           for
           a
           great
           Design
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           projected
           .
           At
           length
           overcome
           by
           his
           Impatience
           he
           writ
           me
           a
           long
           Letter
           in
           Cyphers
           ,
           part
           French
           ,
           part
           Latin
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           advised
           me
           that
           nothing
           was
           easier
           than
           to
           surprize
           the
           Cittadel
           of
           Ghent
           ,
           by
           the
           Means
           of
           the
           Hollanders
           who
           were
           Neighbours
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           might
           advance
           near
           with
           a
           Body
           of
           Foot
           ,
           without
           giving
           the
           least
           Jealousy
           ;
           and
           in
           short
           desired
           me
           to
           go
           to
           Court
           and
           make
           this
           Proposal
           .
        
         
           But
           ,
           in
           Order
           to
           make
           appear
           how
           easy
           this
           Enterprise
           might
           have
           been
           put
           in
           Execution
           ,
           't
           will
           be
           convenient
           to
           insert
           the
           proper
           Terms
           of
           the
           Letter
           which
           was
           writ
           in
           Cyphers
           ,
           a
           Copy
           of
           which
           I
           transcribed
           before
           I
           presented
           an
           Original
           to
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Noyers
          
           .
        
         
           
             
             
               
                 SIR
                 ,
              
            
             
               I
               
                 Am
                 extreamly
                 concerned
                 that
                 my
                 Endeavours
                 have
                 had
                 no
                 better
                 Success
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Monsieur
              
               de
               Lalen
               
                 is
                 detained
                 for
                 such
                 slight
                 Reasons
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 quick
                 return
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 been
                 difficult
                 to
                 surprize
                 this
                 place
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 now
                 but
                 300
                 Men
                 in
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 whom
                 are
                 old
                 and
                 can
                 scarce
                 go
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 disabled
                 and
                 can
                 make
                 no
                 Defence
                 ;
                 besides
                 the
                 28
                 or
              
               30
               Portugese
               and
               Catalonians
               ,
               
                 who
                 have
                 promised
                 us
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 70
                 Officers
                 who
                 are
                 Prisoners
                 .
              
               Philippine
               ,
               
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Garrison
                 of
              
               Dutch
               ,
               
                 is
                 but
                 four
                 hours
                 March
                 from
                 us
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Country
                 between
                 this
                 Place
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 under
                 Contribution
                 .
                 Their
                 Parties
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Gates
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 enter
                 upon
                 several
                 Pretences
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 carried
                 off
                 lately
                 a
                 Horse
                 from
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 cunning
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Presence
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 World.
                 The
                 Covetousness
                 of
                 the
                 Governor
                 ,
                 the
                 Count
              
               de
               Salazar
               ,
               
                 gives
                 all
                 People
                 a
                 free
                 Entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 sell
                 off
                 his
                 Wine
                 at
                 the
                 greater
                 Gain
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 a
                 particular
                 Privilege
                 pays
                 no
                 Excise
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 And
                 a
                 Measure
                 which
                 costs
                 fifteen
                 pence
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 is
                 worth
                 but
                 six
                 pence
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 .
                 Here
                 are
                 still
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 thousand
                 Burghers
                 and
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 Men
                 and
                 Women
                 who
                 drink
                 without
                 being
                 search'd
                 or
                 examin'd
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 will
                 consider
                 all
                 these
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 and
                 reflect
                 upon
                 what
                 happened
                 at
                 the
                 Surprize
                 of
              
               Amiens
               and
               Breda
               ,
               
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 a
                 fairer
                 Occasion
                 and
                 a
                 greater
                 Probability
                 of
                 Effecting
                 this
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
         
           To
           hasten
           so
           important
           an
           Affair
           I
           waited
           on
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Noyers
          
           ,
           who
           was
           at
           that
           time
           at
           
             Chaume
             en
             Briè
          
           with
           the
           King
           to
           ta●…e
           care
           of
           the
           Preservation
           of
           Monsieur
           
             le
             Cardinal
             de
             Richelieu
          
           ,
           who
           stayed
           behind
           at
           the
           
             Bourbon
             Waters
          
           ,
           in
           great
           Suspicion
           of
           his
           Master
           and
           many
           of
           those
           who
           were
           about
           him
           .
           But
           this
           Minister
           having
           assured
           me
           that
           he
           would
           give
           the
           necessary
           Orders
           about
           this
           Affair
           ,
           and
           commanded
           me
           to
           speak
           to
           no
           Man
           of
           it
           ,
           I
           retired
           ,
           easily
           perceiving
           by
           his
           Looks
           and
           Discourse
           ,
           that
           he
           did
           not
           relish
           this
           Proposal
           ,
           however
           advantageous
           it
           was
           ,
           when
           it
           came
           from
           a
           Man
           to
           whom
           he
           had
           such
           an
           Aversion
           .
        
         
           He
           never
           acquainted
           the
           King
           with
           it
           ,
           for
           fear
           he
           should
           reward
           and
           consider
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Rantzau
          
           for
           so
           important
           a
           Service
           .
           The
           Campaigne
           being
           at
           an
           End
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           usual
           Custom
           ,
           reinforced
           their
           Garrisons
           ,
           among
           others
           ,
           that
           of
           the
           Castle
           of
           Ghent
           ,
           with
           the
           Troops
           of
           their
           Army
           ,
           which
           changed
           the
           Face
           of
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           made
           the
           Execution
           of
           this
           Enterprize
           impossible
           .
        
         
           The
           same
           Year
           that
           Breda
           was
           surprised
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           ,
           pursuant
           to
           his
           Engagement
           with
           the
           States
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           came
           from
           
             Chateau
             Thierry
          
           with
           10000
           Foot
           ,
           and
           4000
           Horse
           to
           the
           Relief
           of
           Cambray
           besieged
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           who
           raised
           the
           Siege
           .
           Not
           long
           before
           the
           Viscount
           
             de
             Turenne
          
           ,
           who
           was
           afterwards
           the
           famous
           Duke
           
             de
             Bouillon
             ,
             Henry
             de
             la
             Tour
             ,
          
           
           the
           Counts
           of
           Ventadour
           ,
           and
           
             de
             la
             Fenillade
          
           ,
           and
           four
           other
           Lords
           ,
           having
           run
           the
           Risque
           to
           pass
           through
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Duke
           ,
           and
           throw
           themselves
           into
           the
           Place
           ,
           were
           made
           Prisoners
           ,
           and
           forced
           to
           pay
           a
           great
           Ransom
           .
        
         
           At
           that
           time
           the
           States-General
           ,
           assembled
           at
           the
           Hague
           ,
           declared
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           to
           have
           forfeited
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           broke
           his
           Seal
           and
           Arms
           ,
           and
           commanded
           all
           People
           to
           acknowledge
           him
           no
           longer
           for
           their
           Prince
           ,
           and
           take
           the
           Oath
           of
           Fidelity
           to
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           Beginning
           of
           this
           Decree
           runs
           thus
           ,
           
             That
             a
             Prince
             is
             appointed
             by
             God
             Almighty
             ,
             the
             Head
             of
             his
             People
             ,
             to
             defend
             them
             from
             Oppression
             ,
             as
             a
             Shepherd
             to
             keep
             his
             Flock
             ;
             and
             that
             when
             a
             Prince
             oppresses
             them
             ,
             they
             may
             choose
             another
             Lord
             to
             govern
             them
             in
             Iustice
             according
             to
             their
             Privileges
             .
          
           The
           rest
           is
           nothing
           but
           a
           long
           Narration
           of
           the
           Cruelties
           and
           Infractions
           of
           their
           Privileges
           by
           the
           King
           and
           his
           Ministers
           ,
           which
           obliged
           them
           to
           have
           Recourse
           to
           another
           Prince
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           same
           time
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           took
           Tournay
           from
           the
           States
           notwithstanding
           the
           vigorous
           Defence
           of
           
             Mary
             de
             Lalain
          
           Princess
           D'Epinoy
           ,
           Sister
           to
           
             Emanuel
             de
             Lalain
             Seigneur
             de
             Montigny
             ,
          
           one
           of
           the
           chief
           Malecontents
           .
           She
           gave
           great
           Proofs
           of
           her
           Courage
           in
           this
           Siege
           ,
           encouraging
           the
           Soldiers
           and
           Burghers
           to
           a
           gallant
           Resistance
           ,
           and
           exposing
           herself
           so
           much
           in
           the
           most
           dangerous
           Places
           ,
           that
           she
           received
           a
           Harquebuss
           Shot
           in
           her
           Arm.
           This
           Lady
           ,
           who
           deserves
           a
           
           Place
           among
           the
           Heroines
           ,
           died
           the
           Year
           after
           at
           Antwerp
           extreamly
           regretted
           by
           the
           States-General
           ,
           for
           her
           Courage
           and
           Firmness
           to
           maintain
           their
           Party
           .
        
         
           Immediately
           after
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           passed
           into
           England
           ,
           to
           have
           the
           Advice
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           and
           to
           endeavour
           to
           accomplish
           his
           Marriage
           with
           that
           Princess
           ,
           a
           Contract
           being
           made
           ,
           and
           Rings
           having
           been
           presented
           on
           both
           sides
           .
           But
           the
           Queen
           having
           found
           out
           some
           Excuses
           to
           hinder
           it
           contented
           her self
           with
           supplying
           him
           with
           Money
           for
           his
           Voyage
           into
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           and
           sending
           with
           him
           my
           Lord
           Leicester
           ,
           Admiral
           Howard
           ,
           both
           Knights
           of
           the
           Garter
           ,
           and
           100
           other
           Lords
           and
           Gentlemen
           of
           Quality
           ,
           who
           carried
           with
           them
           a
           Train
           of
           500
           Men.
           
        
         
           
             An
             Dom.
          
           1582.
           
           He
           repassed
           from
           England
           into
           Zealand
           ,
           aboard
           the
           Ships
           of
           this
           Princess
           ,
           arrived
           at
           Flushing
           ,
           and
           because
           of
           the
           great
           Cold
           went
           a
           foot
           to
           Middlebourg
           the
           Capital
           of
           Zealand
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           League
           from
           thence
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           received
           and
           treated
           very
           magnificently
           .
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           and
           Epinoy
           went
           to
           meet
           him
           ,
           and
           going
           aboard
           the
           50
           Ships
           provided
           for
           them
           ,
           arrived
           at
           Antwerp
           ,
           where
           this
           great
           City
           received
           him
           with
           surprizing
           Pomp
           and
           Splendour
           .
           All
           the
           Keys
           were
           lined
           with
           the
           Burghers
           in
           Arms
           ,
           most
           part
           very
           richly
           dress'd
           ,
           and
           with
           gilt
           Arms
           :
           Triumphal
           Arches
           were
           erected
           in
           all
           parts
           very
           richly
           adorned
           with
           fine
           Inscriptions
           .
           This
           Prince
           marched
           under
           a
           
           Canopy
           of
           Cloth
           of
           Gold
           ,
           from
           the
           Port
           to
           the
           great
           Piazza
           ,
           where
           a
           Theatre
           was
           built
           with
           a
           Throne
           upon
           it
           .
           There
           the
           Prince
           having
           cloathed
           him
           with
           the
           Ducal
           Cap
           and
           Mantle
           of
           Red
           Crimson
           Velvet
           lined
           with
           Ermins
           ,
           he
           sware
           publickly
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           the
           States
           and
           the
           Officers
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           an
           infinite
           Concourse
           of
           People
           from
           all
           parts
           to
           see
           so
           extraordinary
           a
           Sight
           ,
           
             That
             he
             would
             religiously
             observe
             the
             Treaty
             concluded
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             the
             Privileges
             of
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             govern
             ,
             not
             by
             his
             Will
             ,
             but
             by
             Iustice
             and
             Equity
             .
          
           Afterwards
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           the
           Magistrates
           of
           Antwerp
           swore
           Fidelity
           and
           Obedience
           to
           him
           as
           their
           Sovereign
           Prince
           .
           But
           this
           publick
           Rejoycing
           was
           interrupted
           by
           an
           Attempt
           made
           on
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
           One
           Iauregny
           a
           Spaniard
           of
           Biscay
           ,
           Factor
           to
           a
           Merchant
           called
           Anastre
           ,
           spurred
           on
           by
           the
           Reward
           promised
           in
           the
           Proscription
           ,
           fir'd
           a
           Pistol
           at
           him
           ,
           loaded
           with
           one
           Ball
           ,
           which
           struck
           him
           under
           the
           Right
           Ear
           and
           went
           out
           through
           the
           Left
           Cheek
           ,
           breaking
           several
           of
           his
           Teeth
           .
           At
           first
           they
           believed
           the
           French
           to
           be
           the
           Authors
           of
           this
           Attempt
           ,
           but
           the
           Murtherer
           being
           killed
           by
           the
           Halberdiers
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           and
           Papers
           found
           in
           his
           pocket
           ,
           which
           proved
           him
           to
           be
           a
           Spamard
           ,
           they
           were
           undeceived
           ,
           and
           the
           People
           who
           had
           run
           to
           their
           Arms
           to
           revenge
           his
           Murther
           on
           the
           French
           at
           the
           Cloister
           of
           S.
           Michael
           ,
           where
           the
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           lodged
           ,
           retired
           to
           their
           Houses
           .
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           to
           appease
           the
           Tumult
           ,
           with
           much
           Difficulty
           ,
           
           writ
           a
           Letter
           with
           his
           own
           Hand
           to
           the
           Magistrate
           ,
           to
           assure
           him
           that
           the
           Spaniards
           were
           the
           Authors
           of
           this
           Attempt
           .
        
         
           The
           Grief
           and
           Concern
           of
           this
           great
           City
           ,
           for
           the
           Wounding
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           cannot
           be
           expressed
           .
           Immediately
           publick
           Prayers
           were
           appointed
           ,
           and
           as
           long
           as
           he
           continued
           in
           Danger
           the
           People
           stayed
           in
           the
           Churches
           praying
           to
           God
           for
           his
           Recovery
           .
           When
           he
           was
           well
           ,
           they
           kept
           a
           general
           Fast
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Day
           was
           imployed
           in
           thanking
           God
           for
           restoring
           to
           them
           the
           Father
           of
           their
           Country
           .
        
         
           When
           he
           was
           in
           a
           Condition
           to
           travel
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           carried
           him
           to
           Ghent
           and
           Bruges
           ,
           where
           another
           great
           Conspiracy
           against
           those
           Princes
           was
           discovered
           .
           The
           chief
           Man
           concerned
           in
           it
           was
           
             Nicholas
             Salvedo
          
           a
           Spaniard
           ,
           who
           confessed
           that
           he
           had
           received
           4000
           Crowns
           from
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           to
           make
           away
           the
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           by
           Poyson
           or
           any
           other
           way
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           followed
           them
           in
           order
           to
           put
           his
           villainous
           Design
           in
           Execution
           ;
           
             Francis
             Baza
          
           an
           Italian
           and
           Native
           of
           Bresse
           ,
           one
           of
           his
           Complices
           ,
           was
           arrested
           likewise
           ,
           and
           confessed
           the
           same
           thing
           ,
           but
           before
           Execution
           stabbed
           himself
           with
           his
           Knife
           ,
           to
           prevent
           the
           Severity
           of
           the
           Punishment
           which
           was
           preparing
           for
           them
           .
           Salvedo
           was
           carried
           to
           Paris
           ,
           where
           by
           a
           Decree
           of
           the
           Parliament
           he
           was
           drawn
           in
           pieces
           by
           four
           Horses
           in
           the
           Greve
           .
        
         
         
           The
           wretched
           Salvedo
           seeing
           himself
           a
           Prisoner
           in
           the
           Conciergerie
           ,
           accused
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Villeroy
          
           ,
           in
           hopes
           to
           save
           himself
           ,
           by
           making
           so
           great
           a
           Man
           a
           Partner
           in
           his
           Guilt
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           suspend
           the
           Punishment
           he
           deserved
           .
           But
           no
           Credit
           was
           given
           to
           so
           Hellish
           an
           Accusation
           of
           a
           Minister
           of
           the
           greatest
           Abilities
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           devoted
           to
           the
           Good
           and
           Interest
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           of
           all
           those
           who
           ever
           had
           the
           Administration
           of
           France
           .
           And
           it
           must
           be
           acknowledged
           ,
           to
           his
           Honor
           ,
           that
           in
           all
           the
           Fury
           of
           the
           League
           ,
           he
           was
           the
           Man
           that
           prevented
           its
           falling
           into
           the
           Hands
           of
           Foreigners
           ,
           and
           after
           a
           Ministry
           of
           fifty
           years
           ,
           died
           poorer
           at
           the
           End
           than
           the
           Beginning
           of
           his
           Greatness
           .
           His
           Father
           had
           been
           likewise
           Secretary
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           his
           Grandfather
           ,
           of
           the
           same
           Name
           ,
           
             De
             Neville
          
           ,
           was
           so
           under
           Francis
           the
           First
           ,
           and
           Superintendant
           of
           the
           Finances
           .
        
         
           The
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           ,
           imitating
           the
           Conduct
           of
           Rehoboam
           who
           ruined
           himself
           by
           following
           the
           Counsel
           of
           the
           
             young
             Men
          
           ,
           by
           the
           Advice
           of
           the
           Sieurs
           
             de
             Fervaques
             ,
             S.
             Agnan
             ,
             de
             la
             Rochepot
             ,
          
           and
           other
           hot-headed
           young
           Fellows
           that
           governed
           him
           ,
           without
           acquainting
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Montpensier
           ,
           Count
           
             de
             Lavall
          
           ,
           nor
           any
           other
           Lords
           who
           were
           capable
           of
           giving
           him
           good
           Counsel
           ;
           resolved
           ,
           contrary
           to
           his
           Oath
           and
           against
           all
           Justice
           ,
           to
           seize
           ,
           the
           same
           day
           ,
           on
           all
           the
           most
           considerable
           Cities
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           as
           
             Dunkirk
             ,
             Dendermonde
             ,
             Bruges
          
           ,
           and
           Antwerp
           it self
           ,
           not
           being
           able
           
           to
           bear
           any
           longer
           the
           great
           Authority
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           so
           limited
           a
           Power
           ,
           complaining
           to
           be
           only
           a
           Sovereign
           in
           Name
           .
           And
           for
           a
           Proof
           of
           his
           just
           Resentment
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           own
           Justification
           ,
           he
           alledged
           that
           the
           People
           of
           Antwerp
           had
           taken
           up
           Arms
           to
           destroy
           him
           in
           his
           Lodgings
           ,
           and
           having
           rebelled
           against
           him
           by
           so
           rash
           an
           Act
           ,
           he
           was
           consequently
           absolved
           from
           his
           Oath
           .
           Thus
           he
           surprized
           
             Dunkirk
             ,
             Dendermonde
          
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           places
           ,
           but
           missed
           of
           Bruges
           and
           Antwerp
           ,
           when
           he
           thought
           himself
           Master
           of
           it
           ;
           for
           though
           he
           had
           poured
           into
           the
           City
           17
           Companies
           of
           Foot
           supported
           by
           all
           his
           Army
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           advanced
           near
           the
           Walls
           ,
           under
           pretence
           of
           making
           a
           review
           of
           it
           ;
           nevertheless
           ,
           the
           Burghers
           ran
           in
           all
           hast
           to
           their
           Arms
           ,
           and
           made
           so
           brave
           a
           Resistance
           ,
           that
           the
           French
           were
           obliged
           to
           retire
           in
           Disorder
           to
           the
           Gate
           by
           which
           they
           entred
           ,
           where
           there
           was
           made
           such
           a
           terrible
           Slaughter
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           't
           was
           impossible
           for
           those
           without
           to
           succour
           their
           Friends
           within
           ;
           for
           there
           were
           Mountains
           of
           dead
           Bodies
           pil'd
           in
           Heaps
           one
           upon
           the
           other
           ,
           which
           block'd
           up
           the
           Entry
           and
           cut
           off
           the
           Retreat
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           of
           whom
           there
           were
           more
           stifled
           than
           kill'd
           .
           In
           this
           bloody
           Dispute
           ,
           called
           
             the
             Enterprize
          
           upon
           Antwerp
           ,
           there
           were
           killed
           only
           83
           Burghers
           ,
           and
           1500
           French
           ,
           among
           whom
           were
           300
           Gentlemen
           ,
           who
           were
           all
           buried
           without
           Distinction
           in
           a
           great
           Ditch
           .
           And
           as
           the
           people
           of
           these
           Counties
           who
           are
           much
           of
           the
           same
           Humour
           with
           the
           Germans
           ,
           in
           all
           
           extraordinary
           Events
           make
           Computations
           upon
           the
           Numbers
           ,
           they
           observed
           that
           this
           Deliverance
           fell
           out
           in
           the
           Year
           1583
           ,
           which
           Number
           made
           up
           that
           of
           the
           83
           Burghers
           and
           1500
           French
           who
           were
           killed
           that
           day
           .
        
         
           The
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           ,
           having
           miscarried
           in
           his
           Attempt
           ,
           surrendred
           by
           a
           Treaty
           made
           with
           the
           States
           all
           the
           Places
           he
           had
           possessed
           himself
           of
           ,
           and
           returning
           into
           France
           ,
           died
           of
           Grief
           in
           his
           Appenage
           of
           Chateau-Thierry
           ,
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           next
           year
           ,
           with
           the
           Reputation
           of
           a
           violent
           and
           unsettled
           Temper
           .
        
         
           The
           Flemmings
           believed
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           concerned
           in
           the
           Attempt
           the
           French
           made
           to
           surprize
           Antwerp
           ,
           and
           his
           Enemies
           and
           Enviers
           (
           which
           great
           Men
           never
           fail
           to
           have
           )
           made
           use
           of
           this
           false
           pretence
           ,
           to
           lessen
           his
           great
           Credit
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           fourth
           Marriage
           with
           
             Louise
             de
             Coligny
          
           ,
           Daughter
           to
           the
           Admiral
           
             de
             Chastillon
          
           ,
           whom
           he
           married
           after
           he
           had
           lost
           his
           third
           Wise
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           ,
           who
           died
           at
           Antwerp
           not
           long
           after
           he
           was
           cured
           of
           his
           Wound
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           visible
           proof
           ,
           as
           they
           said
           ,
           of
           his
           Inclination
           to
           the
           French
           ,
           who
           at
           that
           time
           were
           had
           in
           Execration
           by
           all
           the
           Netherlands
           .
           Seeing
           himself
           thus
           suspected
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Party
           of
           the
           States
           declined
           in
           the
           Walloon
           Provinces
           ,
           he
           retired
           into
           Holland
           ,
           where
           he
           thought
           his
           Life
           in
           greater
           Security
           and
           less
           exposed
           to
           those
           Attempts
           which
           Superstition
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           the
           Reward
           promised
           in
           the
           Proscription
           on
           the
           other
           ,
           made
           
           every
           one
           ready
           to
           undertake
           against
           his
           Person
           .
           He
           chose
           the
           City
           of
           Delft
           for
           his
           ordinary
           Residence
           ,
           where
           at
           the
           Beginning
           of
           the
           year
           1584.
           he
           had
           a
           Son
           born
           called
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           ,
           Grandfather
           to
           the
           present
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           did
           not
           degenerate
           from
           the
           Vertue
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           .
        
         
           Prince
           William
           employed
           
             Philip
             de
             Mornix
          
           ,
           Seigneur
           
             de
             S.
             Aldegonde
          
           ,
           in
           the
           Management
           of
           his
           greatest
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           Burgomaster
           of
           Antwerp
           when
           he
           left
           it
           .
           He
           was
           a
           Man
           of
           Quality
           ,
           Integrity
           and
           Learning
           .
           About
           the
           End
           of
           his
           Life
           he
           made
           use
           of
           
             Iohn
             Barneveld
          
           ,
           whom
           he
           valued
           very
           much
           upon
           the
           account
           of
           his
           Honesty
           and
           great
           Capacity
           .
        
         
           Having
           been
           almost
           overset
           with
           the
           Tempests
           which
           had
           been
           raised
           up
           against
           him
           and
           having
           a
           Heart
           above
           the
           Storms
           ,
           he
           took
           for
           his
           Devise
           ,
           a
           Sea-Gull
           or
           Didapper
           ,
           in
           Latin
           Mergus
           ,
           with
           this
           Motto
           ,
           
             Saevis
             tranquillus
             in
             Undis
             ,
             Undisturb'd
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             stormy
             Waves
             .
          
        
         
           He
           behaved
           himself
           with
           so
           much
           Sweetness
           and
           Civility
           to
           the
           common
           People
           ,
           that
           he
           never
           wore
           his
           Hat
           as
           he
           walked
           through
           the
           Streets
           ,
           where
           People
           of
           all
           Ages
           and
           Sexes
           crowded
           to
           see
           him
           .
           His
           most
           intimate
           Friends
           assured
           my
           Father
           ,
           that
           in
           his
           Passage
           through
           the
           Streets
           ,
           if
           he
           heard
           a
           Noise
           in
           any
           House
           ,
           and
           saw
           a
           Husband
           and
           Wife
           quarrelling
           ,
           he
           entred
           ,
           heard
           the
           Difference
           patiently
           ,
           perswaded
           them
           to
           a
           Reconciliation
           with
           incredible
           Sweetness
           .
           
           The
           Breach
           made
           up
           ,
           the
           Master
           of
           the
           House
           asked
           him
           if
           he
           would
           not
           taste
           his
           Beer
           ;
           the
           Prince
           said
           yes
           ;
           the
           Beer
           brought
           ,
           the
           Burgher
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Fashion
           of
           the
           Country
           ,
           begins
           the
           Prince's
           Health
           ,
           in
           a
           Gup
           which
           they
           call
           a
           Cann
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           usually
           of
           blew
           Earth
           ,
           then
           wiping
           off
           the
           Froth
           with
           the
           palm
           of
           his
           Hand
           ,
           presented
           the
           Can
           to
           the
           Prince
           who
           pledged
           him
           .
           And
           when
           his
           Confidents
           told
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           condescended
           too
           much
           to
           Men
           of
           such
           mean
           Quality
           ,
           and
           treated
           them
           with
           too
           much
           Civility
           ,
           the
           Prince
           used
           to
           answer
           ,
           that
           what
           was
           gained
           by
           pulling
           off
           a
           Hat
           or
           a
           little
           Complaisance
           ,
           was
           bought
           at
           a
           very
           easy
           Rate
           .
        
         
           No
           wonder
           ,
           after
           this
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           so
           universally
           lamented
           by
           the
           People
           when
           he
           was
           unhappily
           assassinated
           in
           the
           51st
           .
           year
           of
           his
           Age.
           'T
           was
           done
           by
           one
           
             Baltazar
             de
             Guerard
          
           a
           Gentleman
           of
           the
           
             Franche
             Comtè
          
           and
           Native
           of
           Villefons
           in
           the
           County
           of
           Burgundy
           ,
           who
           in
           Hopes
           of
           a
           Reward
           ,
           or
           pretending
           to
           merit
           Heaven
           ,
           by
           taking
           out
           of
           the
           World
           an
           Enemy
           to
           the
           King
           and
           the
           Catholick
           Religion
           ,
           killed
           him
           at
           Delft
           ,
           as
           he
           rose
           from
           Table
           ,
           with
           a
           Pistol
           Shot
           loaded
           with
           three
           Bullets
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           died
           without
           saying
           any
           thing
           more
           than
           
             Lord
             have
             Mercy
             on
             my
             Soul
             ,
             and
             this
             poor
             People
             !
          
           This
           dismal
           Accident
           happened
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           
             Louise
             de
             Coligny
          
           his
           fourth
           Wife
           ,
           and
           the
           Countess
           of
           Schouarzebourg
           his
           Sister
           ,
           whom
           he
           loved
           very
           tenderly
           ,
           and
           who
           never
           forsook
           him
           
           and
           was
           present
           at
           Antwerp
           when
           Iouregny
           wounded
           him
           .
        
         
           This
           Villain
           had
           insinuated
           himself
           into
           the
           Acquaintance
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           under
           the
           name
           of
           
             Francis
             Guyon
          
           Son
           to
           
             Peter
             Guyon
          
           of
           Besancon
           ,
           who
           suffered
           for
           Religion
           .
           He
           had
           always
           the
           Huguenot
           Psalms
           in
           his
           Hands
           ,
           and
           was
           a
           constant
           Frequenter
           of
           Sermons
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           conceal
           his
           Design
           :
           Insomuch
           as
           the
           Prince
           trusted
           him
           ,
           and
           sent
           him
           upon
           several
           Dispatches
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           very
           Moment
           he
           assassinated
           him
           ,
           he
           demanded
           of
           the
           Prince
           a
           Pass-port
           to
           go
           somewhere
           where
           the
           Prince
           was
           sending
           him
           .
           He
           was
           but
           22
           years
           old
           ,
           and
           made
           appear
           as
           much
           Constancy
           and
           Resolution
           in
           suffering
           the
           Punishment
           of
           his
           Crime
           ,
           as
           Boldness
           in
           undertaking
           it
           .
           He
           repeated
           a
           hundred
           times
           ,
           that
           
             if
             he
             had
             not
             done
             it
             ,
             he
             would
             do
             it
             again
          
           ;
           and
           when
           his
           Flesh
           was
           plucked
           off
           his
           Limbs
           with
           burning
           Pincers
           he
           did
           not
           utter
           the
           least
           Cry
           or
           Groan
           ,
           which
           made
           the
           Hollanders
           believe
           he
           was
           possessed
           by
           the
           Devil
           ;
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           assisted
           by
           God
           Almighty
           ;
           so
           different
           are
           the
           Opinions
           and
           Passions
           of
           Mankind
           .
        
         
           The
           Marks
           of
           the
           Balls
           which
           entred
           into
           a
           Stone
           of
           the
           Gate
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           gone
           through
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           are
           shown
           to
           Strangers
           at
           this
           day
           in
           Delft
           in
           Holland
           ,
           and
           I
           my self
           saw
           them
           when
           I
           was
           young
           .
        
         
           Thus
           died
           William
           of
           Nassaw
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           these
           are
           his
           principal
           Actions
           ,
           which
           are
           like
           so
           many
           solid
           Pillars
           upon
           
           which
           he
           has
           erected
           the
           great
           Fabrick
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           .
           There
           was
           need
           of
           as
           vast
           a
           Genius
           and
           Capacity
           as
           his
           was
           to
           undertake
           so
           great
           and
           difficult
           a
           Work
           ,
           an
           unparallelled
           Courage
           to
           carry
           it
           on
           to
           the
           End
           ,
           and
           an
           unheard
           of
           Constancy
           in
           arriving
           to
           it
           ,
           in
           spite
           of
           the
           formidable
           Power
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           the
           domestick
           Treasons
           ,
           which
           crossed
           his
           generous
           Designs
           .
           After
           this
           I
           believe
           no
           Man
           will
           accuse
           me
           of
           an
           Hyperbole
           for
           ranking
           this
           great
           Man
           among
           the
           Heroes
           of
           Antiquity
           ;
           and
           asserting
           that
           the
           Life
           and
           Vertue
           of
           the
           Admiral
           
             de
             Coligny
          
           bore
           a
           great
           Resemblance
           with
           that
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
        
         
           They
           had
           both
           a
           very
           great
           share
           of
           Conduct
           ,
           Wisdom
           and
           Moderation
           .
           They
           both
           had
           the
           Address
           to
           clear
           up
           and
           unravel
           the
           most
           perplexed
           and
           embroiled
           Affairs
           .
           Both
           heard
           more
           than
           they
           talk'd
           .
           They
           had
           both
           the
           Art
           of
           persuading
           ,
           and
           were
           full
           of
           good
           Counsels
           .
           Both
           possessed
           the
           Hearts
           ,
           the
           Esteem
           and
           the
           Veneration
           of
           all
           those
           of
           their
           Party
           .
           Their
           Courage
           was
           above
           their
           Misfortunes
           ,
           and
           their
           Constancy
           in
           supporting
           them
           was
           admirable
           .
           Both
           were
           often
           routed
           ,
           and
           still
           found
           some
           glorious
           Resources
           in
           all
           their
           Adversities
           .
           Both
           had
           to
           do
           with
           the
           most
           powerful
           Kings
           of
           Christendom
           .
           Both
           made
           use
           of
           the
           Assistance
           of
           England
           and
           Germany
           to
           maintain
           themselves
           .
           Both
           lived
           in
           the
           same
           Time
           ,
           and
           out-lived
           50
           years
           .
           Both
           supported
           the
           same
           
           Religion
           ,
           and
           established
           it
           one
           in
           France
           ,
           the
           other
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           .
           Both
           were
           proscribed
           ,
           and
           Prices
           set
           on
           their
           Heads
           .
           The
           Prince
           was
           seconded
           in
           his
           Wars
           ,
           by
           the
           Courage
           of
           Count
           
             Lodowick
             ,
             Adolphus
          
           ,
           and
           Henry
           of
           Nassaw
           ,
           his
           Brothers
           .
           And
           the
           Admiral
           was
           supported
           in
           his
           ,
           by
           the
           Counsels
           of
           
             Odel
             de
             Coligny
          
           ,
           Cardinal
           
             de
             Chatillon
          
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Valour
           of
           
             Francis
             de
             Coligny
          
           ,
           Seigneur
           d'
           Andelot
           Colonel-General
           of
           the
           French
           Infantry
           ,
           his
           two
           Brothers
           .
           In
           fine
           ,
           both
           died
           a
           violent
           Death
           and
           by
           Treason
           ,
           and
           both
           equally
           dreaded
           .
           The
           powerful
           Princes
           whom
           they
           had
           attacked
           not
           thinking
           themselves
           secure
           till
           they
           had
           cut
           off
           these
           two
           great
           Men
           ;
           and
           not
           being
           able
           to
           compass
           it
           by
           open
           Force
           and
           War
           ,
           made
           use
           of
           Treachery
           and
           Fraud
           to
           bring
           it
           about
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           would
           never
           have
           perished
           as
           the
           Admiral
           did
           ;
           for
           he
           would
           never
           have
           committed
           himself
           to
           the
           Power
           of
           his
           Enemies
           being
           of
           the
           same
           Opinion
           with
           the
           Man
           who
           said
           ,
           that
           
             when
             a
             Subject
             draws
             his
             Sword
             against
             his
             King
             ,
             he
             ought
             to
             throw
             away
             the
             Scabbard
             .
          
           The
           Prince
           died
           by
           giving
           all
           sorts
           of
           Persons
           too
           free
           Access
           to
           his
           Person
           ,
           at
           a
           time
           when
           Superstition
           was
           the
           Motive
           to
           such
           horrible
           Attempts
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           by
           being
           of
           Caesar's
           Opinion
           ,
           who
           told
           his
           Friends
           when
           they
           advised
           him
           to
           guard
           himself
           ,
           and
           make
           himself
           fear'd
           ,
           That
           
             't
             was
             better
             to
             die
             once
             ,
             than
             live
             in
             continual
             Apprehensions
             of
             Death
             .
          
        
         
         
           As
           soon
           as
           the
           News
           of
           his
           Murder
           was
           spread
           about
           ,
           nothing
           was
           to
           be
           seen
           over
           all
           Parts
           in
           the
           Cities
           but
           Tears
           ,
           nothing
           to
           be
           heard
           over
           all
           the
           Villages
           of
           the
           Country
           but
           Lamentations
           ,
           as
           if
           all
           had
           lost
           what
           was
           most
           dear
           to
           them
           .
           The
           People
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           in
           the
           Celebration
           of
           his
           Funeral
           ,
           shewed
           the
           greatest
           Mourning
           which
           was
           ever
           heard
           of
           ,
           and
           their
           Affliction
           went
           even
           to
           Despair
           .
           The
           Funeral
           Pomp
           was
           very
           Magnificent
           ;
           all
           the
           Nobility
           assisted
           at
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           chief
           Men
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           in
           deep
           Mourning
           followed
           by
           an
           incredible
           Number
           of
           People
           of
           all
           Conditions
           .
           Prince
           Maurice
           his
           Son
           followed
           the
           Corps
           ,
           having
           on
           his
           Right
           Hand
           
             Gerard
             Trucses
          
           Archbishop
           and
           Elector
           of
           Cologne
           ,
           and
           on
           his
           Left
           Count
           
             de
             Hohenlo
          
           or
           Helac
           .
           This
           was
           that
           Elector
           ,
           who
           falling
           desperately
           in
           love
           with
           
             Agnes
             de
             Mansfield
          
           a
           Nun
           ,
           chose
           rather
           to
           lose
           his
           Soveraignty
           and
           Electorate
           than
           his
           Mistress
           .
           He
           was
           of
           the
           same
           Opinion
           with
           that
           Greek
           Poet
           who
           writ
           ,
           that
           a
           beloved
           Nymph
           stood
           in
           instead
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           and
           that
           we
           can
           want
           nothing
           with
           her
           ;
           but
           not
           enjoying
           her
           ,
           we
           are
           poor
           amidst
           the
           plenty
           of
           all
           other
           Goods
           .
        
         
           This
           Archbishop
           delivered
           into
           the
           Hands
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           the
           City
           of
           Reneberg
           in
           the
           Diocess
           of
           Cologne
           .
           It
           was
           so
           often
           taken
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           and
           Dutch
           ,
           that
           the
           Marquess
           Spinola
           called
           it
           the
           
             Whore
             of
             War
          
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           seven
           years
           since
           in
           the
           Hands
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           the
           Consideration
           of
           which
           made
           
           the
           present
           Elector
           of
           Cologne
           join
           with
           France
           ,
           to
           recover
           again
           this
           Place
           of
           his
           Electorate
           ,
           which
           this
           Trucses
           had
           alienated
           ,
           and
           this
           Alliance
           gave
           us
           an
           Opportunity
           of
           falling
           upon
           Holland
           behind
           ,
           which
           some
           years
           since
           was
           almost
           over-run
           .
        
         
           The
           Gravers
           of
           Holland
           have
           represented
           this
           Magnificent
           Funeral
           Pomp
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           upon
           several
           Sheets
           of
           Paper
           glu'd
           together
           ,
           which
           take
           up
           the
           whole
           side
           of
           a
           great
           Hall
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           perpetuate
           the
           Memory
           of
           so
           remarkable
           a
           Mourning
           .
        
         
           Count
           Maurice
           his
           Son
           built
           him
           a
           very
           stately
           Monument
           of
           Marble
           ,
           where
           his
           Images
           stands
           made
           to
           the
           Life
           ;
           the
           Basis
           of
           this
           fine
           Monument
           is
           adorn'd
           with
           several
           Statues
           representing
           all
           the
           Vertues
           ,
           and
           the
           upper
           part
           is
           surrounded
           with
           weeping
           Loves
           .
           It
           stands
           in
           one
           of
           the
           principal
           Churches
           of
           Delft
           ,
           and
           is
           not
           inferiour
           to
           the
           most
           sumptuous
           and
           stately
           Tombs
           in
           Italy
           .
        
         
           Reflecting
           on
           this
           Tragical
           Death
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           I
           have
           often
           wondred
           that
           so
           wife
           a
           Man
           ,
           and
           who
           had
           so
           powerful
           Enemies
           ,
           had
           not
           better
           guarded
           himself
           .
           For
           when
           he
           passed
           through
           the
           Cities
           he
           was
           commonly
           attended
           by
           only
           three
           or
           four
           Domesticks
           ;
           and
           I
           wondred
           at
           it
           the
           more
           because
           ,
           not
           long
           before
           ,
           Iouregny
           had
           like
           to
           have
           killed
           him
           at
           Antwerp
           ,
           where
           he
           escaped
           miraculously
           .
           And
           there
           were
           many
           Salcedes
           in
           the
           Country
           who
           wanted
           only
           an
           Opportunity
           to
           assassinate
           him
           .
           For
           after
           
           his
           Death
           the
           Spaniards
           gave
           out
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           was
           murthered
           by
           this
           Burgundian
           ,
           there
           was
           the
           same
           time
           at
           Delft
           ,
           a
           Lorrainer
           ,
           an
           English
           Man
           ,
           and
           two
           more
           of
           different
           Nations
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           same
           Design
           ,
           and
           could
           not
           have
           failed
           to
           put
           it
           in
           Execution
           .
        
         
           It
           seems
           to
           me
           that
           his
           own
           Dangers
           ought
           to
           have
           made
           him
           provide
           better
           for
           his
           Security
           ;
           but
           he
           feared
           only
           two
           Nations
           ,
           the
           Italians
           and
           Spaniards
           ,
           imploying
           all
           others
           but
           these
           two
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           City
           of
           Delft
           which
           he
           had
           made
           the
           Seat
           of
           his
           Residence
           there
           was
           neither
           Spaniard
           nor
           Italian
           .
           He
           observed
           that
           though
           a
           Price
           had
           been
           set
           on
           Admiral
           Coligny's
           Head
           ,
           nevertheless
           no
           Man
           durst
           run
           the
           Hazard
           of
           Assassinating
           him
           in
           hopes
           of
           a
           Reward
           which
           could
           prove
           of
           no
           Service
           to
           them
           when
           they
           had
           lost
           their
           Lives
           ;
           for
           there
           was
           no
           Appearance
           of
           making
           an
           Escape
           after
           they
           had
           killed
           a
           Prince
           in
           his
           own
           Country
           and
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           his
           Attendants
           .
           Had
           he
           lived
           till
           the
           year
           1589.
           and
           seen
           a
           little
           Monk
           ,
           spurred
           on
           by
           a
           false
           Zeal
           of
           Religion
           ,
           have
           the
           Boldness
           to
           assassinate
           Henry
           the
           III.
           at
           St.
           Cloud
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           he
           would
           have
           taken
           more
           Care
           of
           his
           Safety
           .
        
         
           These
           dismal
           Accidents
           ,
           and
           the
           deplorable
           Death
           of
           Henry
           the
           IV.
           massacred
           in
           the
           middle
           of
           Paris
           ,
           were
           a
           Warning
           to
           Richelieu
           who
           had
           always
           in
           his
           Mind
           ,
           this
           Proverb
           ,
           that
           Suspicion
           is
           the
           Mother
           of
           Security
           .
           For
           when
           he
           saw
           all
           Europe
           had
           conspired
           his
           Ruin
           ,
           he
           stood
           upon
           his
           Guard
           ,
           and
           died
           
           peaceably
           in
           his
           Bed
           ,
           in
           spite
           of
           all
           the
           Disgusts
           of
           his
           Master
           ,
           and
           the
           Contrivances
           of
           his
           Enemies
           .
        
         
           The
           Superstitious
           Catholicks
           and
           Spaniards
           celebrate
           this
           
             Belthazar
             de
             Guerard
          
           ,
           and
           have
           ranked
           him
           in
           the
           Number
           of
           their
           Martyrs
           .
           Upon
           which
           Subject
           I
           cannot
           but
           admire
           that
           
             Famianus
             Strada
          
           in
           his
           excellent
           History
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           has
           insinuated
           that
           Iouregny
           who
           narrowly
           missed
           of
           killing
           the
           Prince
           at
           Antwerp
           ,
           had
           a
           good
           Design
           ,
           because
           he
           had
           fortified
           and
           prepared
           himself
           before
           he
           executed
           it
           ,
           with
           the
           Sacraments
           of
           the
           Communion
           and
           Pennance
           ,
           as
           if
           God
           Almighty
           who
           has
           expressly
           forbid
           Murther
           in
           the
           Decalogue
           ,
           and
           our
           Lord
           Iesus
           Christ
           ,
           who
           hath
           said
           and
           taught
           that
           he
           who
           should
           strike
           with
           the
           Sword
           ,
           should
           perish
           by
           the
           Sword
           ,
           would
           guide
           and
           strengthen
           a
           Murtherer
           in
           his
           Attempt
           .
           Some
           Examples
           of
           the
           Old
           Testament
           will
           not
           serve
           to
           justifie
           him
           ,
           where
           God
           Almighty
           for
           the
           Preservation
           and
           establishment
           of
           the
           people
           of
           Israel
           ,
           and
           for
           other
           Reasons
           best
           known
           to
           himself
           allowed
           of
           such
           Actions
           ,
           otherwise
           there
           could
           be
           no
           Security
           for
           the
           Life
           of
           any
           Prince
           .
           The
           Huguenots
           on
           the
           other
           side
           made
           a
           Martyr
           of
           that
           execrable
           Poltrot
           ,
           who
           killed
           the
           Great
           Francis
           of
           Lorrain
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           ,
           who
           had
           given
           him
           a
           treat
           in
           his
           House
           and
           made
           him
           eat
           at
           his
           Table
           ,
           insomuch
           as
           
             Adrianus
             Turnebus
          
           one
           of
           the
           learnedst
           men
           of
           his
           Age
           ,
           made
           a
           Latin
           Poem
           in
           Honour
           of
           this
           Poltrot
           ,
           who
           
           was
           called
           
             Iohn
             de
             Merè
          
           ,
           where
           he
           says
           ,
           
             
               Conspicuus
               fulvo
               stabit
               Mereus
               in
               auro
               .
            
          
           And
           toward
           the
           End
           ,
           
             
               Plurimus
               ut
               maneat
               Mereus
               in
               ore
               nepotum
               .
            
          
           Another
           learned
           Heretick
           said
           this
           in
           his
           Poem
           ,
           
             Praemia
             multa
             Meret
          
           ,
           alluding
           to
           his
           Name
           
             de
             Merè
          
           .
           Another
           Heretick
           goes
           so
           far
           as
           to
           say
           among
           other
           things
           in
           French
           Verse
           ,
        
         
           
             Ce
             valeureux
             Poltrot
             qui
             tant
             s'ever
             tua
          
           
             Que
             le
             tyran
             ,
             tueur
             de
             Chretiens
             il
             tua
             .
          
        
         
           I
           knew
           in
           my
           youth
           the
           Lady
           of
           the
           Sieur
           Alard
           a
           Captain
           in
           the
           French
           Troops
           in
           Holland
           ,
           so
           prepossessed
           with
           false
           Zeal
           and
           Bigotry
           for
           Calvinism
           ,
           that
           she
           shewed
           publickly
           to
           all
           the
           World
           the
           Picture
           of
           Poltrot
           ,
           like
           Iudith
           having
           killed
           Holofernes
           ,
           which
           she
           kept
           in
           the
           Reuelle
           of
           her
           Bed
           ,
           as
           a
           great
           Martyr
           ,
           and
           whom
           she
           considered
           as
           the
           Deliverer
           of
           the
           little
           Flock
           .
        
         
           The
           Doctors
           of
           the
           League
           honoured
           with
           many
           Elogies
           
             Iames
             Clement
          
           a
           Iacobin
           ,
           the
           Murtherer
           of
           Henry
           the
           III.
           comparing
           him
           to
           Ebud
           who
           freed
           the
           people
           of
           Israel
           from
           their
           Servitude
           ,
           by
           killing
           Eglon
           Prince
           of
           the
           Moabites
           in
           his
           Chamber
           .
           For
           Men's
           Passions
           are
           so
           violent
           ,
           and
           their
           Animosities
           prejudice
           them
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           ,
           that
           they
           celebrate
           
           Actions
           which
           deserve
           not
           only
           the
           Blame
           of
           all
           good
           Men
           ,
           but
           an
           exemplary
           Punishment
           .
        
         
           William
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           made
           more
           noise
           in
           Europe
           than
           all
           the
           Kings
           of
           his
           time
           put
           together
           ,
           and
           has
           left
           behind
           him
           a
           renowned
           Posterity
           ,
           who
           pursuing
           his
           glorious
           Example
           ,
           have
           amazed
           all
           the
           Christian
           World
           by
           Actions
           which
           are
           immortalized
           in
           History
           .
           He
           may
           boast
           to
           have
           been
           the
           Father
           of
           two
           very
           great
           Captains
           ,
           to
           have
           produced
           Kings
           ,
           Electors
           ,
           Landtgraves
           ,
           and
           Sovereign
           Princes
           in
           Germany
           ,
           to
           have
           peopled
           France
           with
           Princes
           ,
           Princesses
           ,
           Dukes
           ,
           Cardinals
           ,
           Mareschals
           ,
           and
           many
           great
           Lords
           .
           But
           for
           a
           clearer
           Understanding
           of
           the
           Matter
           ,
           we
           must
           first
           declare
           that
           he
           had
           four
           Wives
           .
        
         
           His
           first
           Wife
           was
           
             Anne
             D'
             Egmont
          
           Daughter
           to
           
             Maximilian
             D'
             Egmont
          
           Count
           of
           Burem
           and
           Leerdam
           ,
           a
           great
           Heiress
           ,
           whom
           he
           married
           by
           the
           Favour
           of
           Charles
           V.
           and
           had
           by
           her
           a
           Son
           and
           Daughter
           .
           The
           Son
           was
           
             Philip
             William
          
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           of
           whom
           more
           hereafter
           ,
           and
           the
           Daughter
           
             Mary
             de
             Nassaw
          
           who
           was
           married
           to
           Philip
           Count
           
             de
             Hohenlo
          
           ,
           commonly
           called
           
             de
             Holac
          
           ,
           a
           great
           General
           ,
           who
           after
           the
           unexpected
           Death
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           which
           put
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           into
           a
           strange
           Consternation
           ,
           generously
           resisted
           all
           the
           Efforts
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           taught
           the
           first
           Rudiments
           of
           War
           to
           Prince
           Maurice
           his
           Brother
           in
           Law
           who
           was
           at
           the
           College
           at
           the
           time
           of
           this
           unhappy
           Accident
           .
        
         
         
           His
           second
           Wife
           was
           Anne
           of
           Saxony
           ,
           Daughter
           to
           the
           Great
           Maurice
           Elector
           of
           Saxony
           who
           made
           head
           against
           the
           Emperor
           Charles
           the
           V.
           by
           whom
           he
           had
           the
           Famous
           Maurice
           ,
           of
           whom
           we
           shall
           give
           a
           very
           large
           Relation
           ,
           and
           a
           Daughter
           named
           
             Emilia
             de
             Nassau
          
           who
           married
           Emanuel
           King
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           Son
           to
           King
           Anthony
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           who
           was
           dispossessed
           by
           King
           Philip
           the
           II.
           This
           Prince
           Emmanuel
           won
           so
           much
           on
           the
           Princess
           by
           his
           Civility
           ,
           Courtship
           and
           Addresses
           ,
           that
           she
           chose
           him
           for
           her
           Husband
           as
           poor
           as
           he
           was
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           contrary
           Religion
           ,
           and
           tho'
           Prince
           Maurice
           opposed
           the
           Match
           as
           advantageous
           to
           neither
           .
           They
           had
           two
           Sons
           ,
           whom
           I
           knew
           in
           my
           youth
           ,
           one
           of
           whom
           left
           a
           Son
           ,
           among
           other
           Children
           ,
           who
           went
           lately
           into
           Holland
           to
           demand
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           the
           Remainder
           of
           his
           Grandmother's
           Fortune
           ;
           and
           many
           Daughters
           ,
           some
           of
           whom
           were
           married
           to
           Persons
           of
           a
           very
           unsuitable
           Quality
           .
           She
           was
           a
           very
           good
           Princess
           ,
           but
           about
           the
           end
           of
           her
           Life
           ,
           having
           fallen
           out
           with
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           her
           Brother
           ,
           she
           retired
           to
           
             Geneva
             .
             An.
             Dom.
          
           1623.
           and
           died
           shortly
           after
           of
           Melancholy
           ,
           leaving
           six
           Daughters
           whom
           I
           saw
           at
           
             Geneva
             ,
             An.
             Dom.
          
           1624.
           
           She
           was
           Godmother
           to
           one
           of
           my
           Sisters
           and
           gave
           her
           Her
           Name
           Emilia
           ,
           who
           is
           still
           alive
           and
           is
           married
           to
           the
           Seigneur
           
             de
             Montrevil
          
           near
           Menetoon
           in
           Champagne
           :
           Her
           Godfather
           was
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Culembourg
          
           ,
           Son
           to
           
             Florent
             de
             Pallant
          
           Count
           
             de
             Culembourg
          
           ,
           whose
           House
           at
           Brussels
           was
           
           pulled
           down
           by
           Order
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           and
           who
           having
           done
           nothing
           after
           the
           Address
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           retired
           into
           Holland
           and
           lived
           so
           privately
           that
           he
           died
           unknown
           to
           those
           of
           his
           own
           Party
           .
        
         
           The
           third
           Wife
           of
           William
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Montpensier
           ,
           whom
           I
           have
           declared
           before
           to
           have
           been
           a
           Religieuse
           or
           Abbess
           of
           Iouarre
           .
           But
           the
           Love
           of
           Liberty
           which
           is
           an
           invaluable
           Blessing
           ,
           prevailed
           over
           all
           the
           Vows
           she
           had
           made
           in
           her
           youth
           ,
           which
           she
           pleaded
           she
           had
           been
           forced
           to
           ,
           and
           had
           made
           several
           Protestations
           against
           .
           She
           died
           of
           a
           Pleurisy
           at
           
             Antwerp
             ,
             A.
             D.
          
           1582.
           leaving
           six
           Daughters
           behind
           her
           .
        
         
           The
           eldest
           
             Lovise
             Iulienne
             de
             Nassau
          
           was
           married
           to
           Frederick
           the
           IV.
           Elector
           Palatine
           ,
           Father
           to
           Frederick
           the
           V.
           Elected
           King
           of
           Bohemia
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           Princess
           Elizabeth
           of
           England
           ,
           Sister
           to
           Charles
           the
           I.
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           had
           many
           Princes
           and
           Princesses
           .
        
         
           The
           eldest
           ,
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           Design'd
           King
           of
           Bohemia
           with
           his
           Father
           ,
           
             A.
             D.
          
           1620.
           was
           a
           very
           handsom
           and
           hopeful
           Prince
           .
           He
           studied
           at
           Leyden
           ,
           and
           Our
           Tutor
           
             Benjamin
             Prioleau
          
           Author
           of
           the
           Latin
           History
           of
           the
           last
           Regency
           ,
           carried
           us
           duely
           every
           Sunday
           after
           Dinner
           to
           play
           with
           this
           young
           Prince
           ,
           who
           loved
           us
           extreamly
           ,
           which
           made
           us
           the
           more
           regret
           his
           Death
           when
           we
           afterwards
           heard
           of
           it
           .
           He
           perished
           unhappily
           in
           the
           Sea
           of
           Haerlem
           ,
           going
           in
           Company
           with
           the
           King
           his
           Father
           to
           see
           
           the
           Spanish
           Galleons
           laden
           with
           an
           inestimable
           Booty
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           taken
           by
           
             Peter
             Hain
          
           the
           Dutch
           Admiral
           near
           the
           Island
           of
           Cuba
           .
           A
           Vessel
           by
           Night
           ,
           sailing
           full
           Speed
           ,
           having
           fall'n
           soul
           on
           his
           ,
           split
           it
           in
           two
           ;
           thus
           the
           Prince
           and
           all
           that
           were
           in
           it
           were
           drowned
           ,
           except
           the
           King
           his
           Father
           ,
           who
           by
           great
           Fortune
           ,
           having
           caught
           hold
           of
           a
           Rope
           that
           was
           thrown
           out
           to
           him
           from
           the
           Ship
           ,
           was
           miraculously
           drawn
           aboard
           .
        
         
           The
           Second
           is
           the
           present
           Elector
           Palatine
           ,
           who
           has
           several
           Children
           by
           the
           Princess
           of
           Hesse
           ,
           among
           others
           ,
           Madam
           the
           Dutchess
           of
           Orleans
           ,
           a
           Princess
           of
           great
           Wit
           and
           Judgment
           ,
           who
           has
           already
           Children
           who
           are
           the
           first
           Princes
           of
           the
           Blood
           in
           France
           .
        
         
           The
           third
           is
           the
           Famous
           Prince
           Robert
           who
           has
           won
           so
           much
           Reputation
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           having
           not
           deceived
           the
           hopes
           which
           he
           had
           given
           in
           his
           Infancy
           ,
           by
           the
           Martial
           and
           Manly
           Look
           which
           was
           then
           taken
           notice
           of
           .
        
         
           The
           fourth
           was
           called
           Edward
           ,
           who
           lived
           a
           long
           time
           in
           France
           ,
           where
           turning
           Catholick
           he
           married
           the
           Princess
           
             Anne
             de
             Gonzague
          
           Daughter
           to
           the
           late
           Duke
           of
           
             Mantua
             ,
             Montferrat
          
           and
           Lions
           ,
           and
           Sister
           to
           
             Maria
             Louise
          
           Q.
           of
           Poland
           ,
           and
           Wife
           to
           two
           Brothers
           Uladislaus
           and
           Casimir
           Kings
           of
           Poland
           .
           She
           was
           celebrated
           for
           her
           Beauty
           under
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           Princess
           Maria.
           Concerning
           whom
           ,
           I
           add
           this
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           that
           having
           been
           designed
           Queen
           of
           Poland
           ,
           and
           understanding
           that
           I
           was
           very
           well
           acquainted
           with
           the
           
           State
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           where
           I
           had
           been
           twice
           ;
           she
           desired
           me
           by
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Noailles
          
           to
           give
           her
           some
           Instructions
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           I
           did
           several
           Afternoons
           ;
           and
           in
           Token
           of
           her
           Acknowledgment
           she
           would
           be
           Godmother
           to
           my
           eldest
           Daughter
           ,
           with
           Monsieur
           the
           Coadjutor
           of
           Paris
           ,
           then
           Archbishop
           of
           Corinth
           ,
           who
           is
           the
           famous
           Cardinal
           
             de
             Retz
          
           ,
           the
           learnedst
           Prelate
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           return
           to
           the
           Prince
           Palatine
           ,
           Edward
           :
           He
           left
           three
           Daughters
           by
           the
           Princess
           Anne
           of
           Mantua
           ,
           the
           eldest
           of
           whom
           is
           Madam
           the
           Dutchess
           of
           Enguien
           ,
           already
           the
           Mother
           of
           several
           Princes
           and
           Princesses
           of
           the
           Blood.
           The
           other
           married
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Brunswick
             Hanouer
          
           ,
           who
           had
           only
           Daughters
           ,
           and
           the
           third
           the
           Prince
           of
           Solme
           who
           was
           made
           prisoner
           at
           the
           Battle
           of
           Seneff
           .
        
         
           If
           I
           well
           remember
           (
           for
           I
           write
           all
           this
           by
           my
           memory
           which
           is
           very
           good
           without
           the
           Assistance
           of
           any
           Book
           )
           there
           was
           another
           Son
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Bohemia
           ,
           a
           very
           handsom
           Man
           ,
           Godson
           to
           Prince
           Maurice
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           called
           Maurice
           .
        
         
           I
           saw
           another
           Son
           of
           his
           ,
           called
           Philip
           ,
           who
           retired
           to
           Venice
           ,
           for
           an
           Action
           which
           't
           is
           better
           to
           pass
           over
           in
           Silence
           than
           mention
           .
        
         
           Another
           Son
           was
           called
           Louis
           ,
           who
           died
           young
           ,
           whom
           my
           Father
           named
           so
           for
           the
           late
           King
           who
           was
           his
           Godfather
           ,
           by
           an
           Order
           of
           his
           Majesty
           which
           follows
           .
        
         
           
             
             
               
                 Monsieur
                 de
                 Maurier
                 ,
              
            
             
               
                 BEing
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Desire
                 my
                 Cousin
                 the
                 Count
                 Palatine
                 of
                 the
              
               Rhine
               
                 has
                 to
                 invite
                 me
                 to
                 be
                 Godfather
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Son
                 which
                 God
                 has
                 given
                 him
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 be
                 extreamly
                 glad
                 to
                 pay
                 him
                 this
                 Testimony
                 of
                 my
                 Friendship
                 and
                 good
                 Affection
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 you
                 should
                 perform
                 this
                 Office
                 in
                 my
                 Name
                 when
                 the
                 time
                 is
                 ,
                 first
                 informing
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Charge
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 you
                 ,
                 and
                 renewing
                 the
                 Assurances
                 of
                 my
                 Affection
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 Referring
                 this
                 to
                 your
                 Care
                 I
                 desire
                 God
                 (
                 Monsieur
              
               Maurier
               )
               
                 to
                 keep
                 and
                 preserve
                 you
              
               .
            
             
               
                 Written
                 at
                 Paris
                 
                   the
                   15th
                   day
                   of
                   Novemb.
                   1623.
                   
                
              
               
                 Signed
                 
                   
                     LOWIS
                     ;
                     
                       and
                       below
                    
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Brulart
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           In
           pursuance
           of
           this
           Order
           the
           Ceremony
           of
           the
           Baptism
           was
           performed
           .
           Prince
           Maurice
           represented
           the
           King
           of
           Sweden
           ,
           who
           was
           likewise
           Godfather
           ,
           and
           the
           Countess
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           the
           Queen
           of
           Sweden
           .
           My
           Father
           Walked
           as
           Embassador
           of
           France
           ,
           with
           the
           King
           of
           Bohemia
           on
           his
           Right
           Hand
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           on
           his
           Left.
           The
           Ceremony
           was
           celebrated
           with
           great
           Pomp
           in
           a
           Church
           at
           the
           Hague
           called
           the
           Cloistre
           ,
           where
           I
           was
           present
           ,
           with
           my
           three
           Brothers
           .
           For
           which
           great
           Honour
           the
           King
           and
           Queen
           of
           Bohemia
           thanked
           the
           King
           of
           France
           by
           Monsieur
           
             D'Ausson
             de
             Villeroul
          
           ,
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Iaucourt
           ,
           
           Brother-in-Law
           to
           my
           Father
           ,
           who
           was
           in
           their
           Service
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           unhappily
           perished
           with
           Prince
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           by
           the
           splitting
           of
           the
           Vessel
           which
           I
           mentioned
           before
           .
           The
           Pope's
           Nuncio
           Resident
           at
           Paris
           hearing
           of
           this
           Baptism
           ,
           made
           great
           Complaints
           of
           it
           at
           Court
           ,
           and
           said
           't
           was
           a
           great
           Shame
           for
           the
           most
           Christian
           King
           and
           eldest
           Son
           of
           the
           Church
           to
           have
           his
           Person
           represented
           by
           a
           Huguenot
           in
           an
           Ecclesiastical
           Ceremony
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           and
           Queen
           of
           Bohemia
           left
           behind
           them
           several
           Princesses
           eminent
           for
           their
           Beauty
           and
           Merit
           ,
           one
           of
           whom
           turned
           Catholick
           ,
           and
           is
           now
           Abbess
           
             de
             Maubuisson
          
           .
        
         
           The
           Princess
           
             Louise
             Iuliane
             de
             Nassau
          
           ,
           eldest
           Daughter
           of
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           ,
           and
           William
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           had
           also
           a
           Daughter
           by
           Frederick
           the
           IV.
           Elector
           Palatine
           ,
           who
           was
           married
           to
           the
           late
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburg
           ,
           Father
           to
           the
           present
           Elector
           .
           I
           saw
           
             (
             A.
             D.
          
           1635.
           )
           the
           old
           Electoress
           Palatine
           a
           Konigsberg
           ,
           the
           Capital
           of
           the
           Ducal
           Prussia
           ,
           where
           she
           had
           retired
           to
           her
           Daughter
           the
           Electoress
           of
           Brandenbourg
           after
           the
           Disorders
           of
           the
           Palatinate
           .
           These
           two
           Princesses
           were
           extreamly
           civil
           to
           me
           .
        
         
           The
           second
           Daughter
           of
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           and
           William
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           was
           
             Elizabeth
             de
             Nassau
          
           ,
           Wife
           to
           
             Henry
             de
             la
             Tour
          
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Bouillon
           ,
           a
           Famous
           General
           in
           the
           the
           Wars
           of
           Henry
           the
           IV
           She
           was
           living
           in
           the
           year
           1641.
           and
           I
           saw
           her
           in
           the
           Castle
           of
           Sedan
           ,
           after
           the
           Battle
           wherein
           the
           Count
           
           
             de
             Soissons
          
           was
           killed
           .
           She
           left
           two
           Sons
           and
           four
           Daughters
           who
           had
           Children
        
         
           The
           eldest
           was
           
             Frederick
             Maurice
             de
             la
             Tour
          
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Bouillon
           ,
           as
           great
           a
           Captain
           as
           his
           Father
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           Countess
           
             de
             Bergue
          
           had
           the
           present
           Duke
           of
           Bouillon
           ,
           Great
           Chamberlain
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           the
           Cardinal
           
             de
             Bouillon
          
           ,
           a
           Prince
           of
           great
           Learning
           and
           Merit
           ,
           and
           the
           Count
           D'Auvergne
           who
           has
           distinguished
           himself
           in
           our
           Armies
           ,
           and
           other
           Children
           ,
           among
           the
           rest
           the
           Dutchess
           D'Elbeuf
           .
        
         
           The
           second
           Son
           of
           
             Elizabeth
             de
             Nassau
          
           and
           
             Henry
             de
             la
             Tour
          
           Duke
           of
           Bouillon
           ,
           was
           the
           Famous
           
             Henry
             de
             la
             Tour
          
           ,
           Viscount
           
             de
             Turenne
          
           ,
           a
           General
           of
           as
           great
           Wisdom
           and
           Valour
           ,
           who
           during
           the
           whole
           Course
           of
           his
           Life
           was
           held
           for
           one
           of
           the
           firmest
           Pillars
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           and
           in
           consideration
           of
           his
           extraordinary
           Valour
           and
           great
           Services
           ,
           was
           interr'd
           at
           St.
           Denys
           with
           our
           Kings
           ,
           by
           a
           just
           Order
           of
           his
           Majesty
           .
           He
           married
           the
           Heireress
           of
           the
           House
           
             de
             la
             Force
          
           ,
           whose
           Vertue
           equalled
           her
           Birth
           ;
           she
           was
           Daughter
           to
           the
           deceased
           Duke
           
             de
             la
             Force
          
           ,
           and
           Grand-daughter
           to
           a
           Mareschal
           of
           that
           Name
           ,
           two
           Famous
           Captains
           ,
           and
           died
           without
           Issue
           ,
           but
           if
           she
           had
           left
           any
           Children
           behind
           her
           they
           could
           not
           have
           failed
           of
           being
           great
           Men
           ,
           being
           descended
           on
           both
           sides
           from
           an
           illustrious
           Number
           of
           generous
           Ancestors
           .
        
         
           Besides
           these
           two
           great
           Sons
           ,
           
             Elizabeth
             de
             Nassau
          
           had
           several
           Daughters
           by
           
             Henry
             de
             la
             Tour
          
           ,
           Duke
           
             de
             Bouillon
          
           .
        
         
         
           The
           eldest
           ,
           
             Anna
             Maria
             de
             la
             Tour
          
           ,
           married
           Henry
           Duke
           
             de
             la
             Trimouille
          
           and
           
             de
             Thouars
          
           her
           Cousin
           German
           .
        
         
           
             Iuliane
             de
             la
             Tour
          
           was
           married
           to
           
             Francis
             de
             Roye
             de
             la
             Rochefoucault
             ,
          
           Count
           
             de
             Roussy
          
           ,
           Father
           to
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Roye
          
           ,
           very
           Famous
           in
           our
           Armies
           .
        
         
           Elizabeth
           Wife
           of
           
             Guy
             Alfonse
             de
             Darfort
          
           ,
           Marquess
           of
           Duras
           ,
           Father
           to
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Duras
          
           ,
           Captain
           of
           the
           Guards
           
             du
             Corps
          
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           Mareschal
           of
           France
           ,
           Governour
           of
           the
           
             Franche
             Comtè
          
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Lorge
          
           likewise
           Mareschal
           of
           France
           .
        
         
           I
           believe
           that
           the
           youngest
           was
           called
           
             Henrietta
             de
             la
             Tour
          
           ,
           Wife
           to
           the
           late
           Marquess
           
             de
             la
             Moissy
          
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Matignon
           .
           She
           is
           Mother
           to
           the
           Marquese
           
             Du
             Bordage
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Quintine
          
           ,
           who
           married
           a
           Lady
           of
           the
           Illustrious
           Name
           of
           Montgomery
           ,
           as
           considerable
           for
           her
           Beauty
           and
           Merit
           ,
           as
           the
           Greatness
           of
           her
           Extraction
           .
        
         
           The
           third
           Daughter
           of
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           and
           William
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           was
           named
           
             Catharine
             Belgique
          
           ,
           who
           married
           
             Philip
             Louis
          
           Count
           of
           Hanau
           a
           Sovereign
           Lord
           near
           Francfort
           on
           the
           Main
           ,
           from
           whom
           ,
           besides
           the
           Counts
           of
           Hanau
           ,
           is
           descended
           
             Amelia
             Elizabeth
          
           ,
           Wife
           to
           that
           generous
           William
           Landtgrave
           of
           Hesse
           ,
           who
           died
           in
           the
           year
           1637.
           after
           whose
           Death
           this
           Princess
           ,
           a
           Woman
           of
           a
           masculine
           Courage
           ,
           continued
           on
           the
           War
           against
           the
           Imperialists
           ,
           and
           pursued
           the
           Steps
           of
           her
           Husband
           who
           after
           the
           Peace
           
           of
           Prague
           (
           where
           most
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Princes
           forsook
           their
           Allies
           and
           joined
           with
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           )
           had
           the
           Courage
           and
           Resolution
           to
           make
           head
           almost
           alone
           against
           so
           formidable
           a
           Power
           .
           Among
           other
           Children
           she
           left
           the
           present
           Landtgrave
           of
           Hesse
           ,
           called
           William
           as
           his
           Father
           was
           ,
           the
           Electoress
           Palatine
           Mother
           to
           the
           Dutchess
           of
           Orleans
           ,
           and
           the
           Princess
           of
           Tarente
           ,
           Mother
           to
           the
           present
           Duke
           
             de
             la
             Trimouille
          
           who
           is
           married
           to
           the
           Heiress
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Crequi
           .
        
         
           The
           fourth
           Daughter
           of
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           was
           
             Charlotte
             Brabantine
          
           ,
           Wife
           to
           Claude
           Duke
           
             de
             la
             Trimouille
          
           ,
           and
           
             de
             Thouars
          
           ,
           Count
           
             de
             la
             Val
          
           who
           had
           Henry
           Duke
           
             de
             la
             Trimouille
          
           ,
           dead
           lately
           ,
           and
           
             Frederick
             de
             la
             Trimouille
          
           ,
           Count
           
             de
             Laval
          
           killed
           in
           a
           Duel
           in
           Italy
           by
           the
           late
           Monsieur
           
             Du
             Coudray
             Montpensier
          
           .
           I
           saw
           him
           ,
           and
           knew
           him
           in
           my
           youth
           ,
           and
           because
           his
           upper
           Lip
           was
           slit
           ,
           they
           called
           him
           
             Bec
             de
             lievere
          
           or
           
             Hare-Lip
             .
             Henry
          
           Duke
           
             de
             la
             Trimouille
          
           had
           by
           
             Mary
             de
             la
             Tour
          
           ,
           his
           Cousin
           German
           ,
           formerly
           mentioned
           ,
           the
           Prince
           
             de
             Tarent
          
           and
           
             de
             Talmont
          
           who
           is
           dead
           ,
           and
           who
           had
           the
           Duke
           of
           Trimouille
           already
           mentioned
           by
           the
           Princess
           of
           Hesse
           .
        
         
           The
           fifth
           Daughter
           of
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           was
           
             Charlotte
             Flandrine
             de
             Nassau
          
           ,
           who
           returning
           to
           the
           Religion
           of
           her
           Ancestors
           died
           Abbess
           of
           
             S.
             Croix
          
           in
           Poictiers
           .
           She
           was
           a
           very
           good
           Princess
           ,
           I
           knew
           her
           ,
           but
           was
           little
           ,
           and
           so
           deaf
           that
           she
           could
           not
           hear
           without
           a
           little
           Silver
           Trumpet
           .
        
         
         
           The
           sixth
           Daughter
           of
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           Princess
           of
           Orange
           was
           Aemilia
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           Wife
           to
           
             Frederick
             Casimir
          
           Count
           Palatine
           ,
           of
           the
           Branch
           of
           Duponts
           ,
           called
           the
           Duke
           of
           Lansberg
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           illustrious
           and
           great
           Posterity
           of
           this
           Fruitful
           Abbess
           .
        
         
           The
           fourth
           and
           last
           Wife
           of
           William
           of
           Nassau
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           was
           
             Louise
             de
             Coligny
          
           ,
           Widow
           to
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Teligny
          
           ,
           and
           Daughter
           to
           the
           great
           Admiral
           
             de
             Chatillon
          
           ;
           by
           whom
           he
           had
           only
           one
           Son
           ,
           the
           renowned
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           of
           whom
           we
           shall
           speak
           hereafter
           .
        
         
           Besides
           his
           celebrated
           Posterity
           of
           legitimate
           Children
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           left
           a
           Natural
           Son
           called
           
             Iustin
             de
             Nassau
          
           ,
           who
           led
           a
           considerable
           Body
           of
           Men
           to
           the
           Assistance
           of
           King
           Henry
           the
           IV.
           before
           the
           Peace
           of
           Vervins
           .
           He
           was
           a
           Brave
           ,
           Vertuous
           Man
           ,
           and
           died
           Governour
           of
           Breda
           .
           I
           have
           heard
           my
           Father
           say
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           year
           1616.
           having
           dispatched
           to
           Court
           upon
           some
           important
           Affair
           ,
           a
           Garson
           Captain
           ,
           named
           Lanchere
           ,
           famous
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           where
           he
           served
           .
           This
           Courier
           in
           his
           Return
           passing
           through
           Breda
           ,
           Monsieur
           
             Iustin
             de
             Nassau
          
           asked
           him
           ,
           what
           News
           ?
           He
           answered
           ,
           nothing
           considerable
           but
           the
           Imprisonment
           of
           the
           Count
           
             D'
             Auvergne
          
           ,
           since
           Duke
           of
           
             Angoulesme
             .
             Iustin
             de
             Nassau
          
           asking
           him
           the
           Reason
           ,
           he
           replied
           ,
           bluntly
           striking
           him
           on
           the
           Back
           ,
           (
           for
           he
           was
           acquainted
           with
           his
           true
           Extraction
           )
           Don't
           you
           know
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           that
           a
           
           Son
           of
           a
           Whore
           was
           never
           good
           for
           any
           thing
           .
           A
           Fault
           which
           the
           poor
           Lanchere
           confessed
           to
           my
           Father
           when
           he
           knew
           that
           he
           was
           a
           Bastard
           .
           Which
           is
           a
           proof
           that
           't
           is
           good
           to
           be
           informed
           of
           Pedigrees
           and
           Alliances
           ,
           otherwise
           we
           are
           liable
           to
           Mistakes
           ,
           and
           to
           offend
           innocently
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           .
        
         
           The
           End
           of
           the
           Life
           of
           
             William
             of
             Nassau
          
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           LIFE
           OF
           
             LOVISE
             de
             COLIGNY
          
           ,
           THE
           Fourth
           and
           Last
           Wife
           of
           WILLIAM
           of
           NASSAU
           Prince
           of
           ORANGE
           .
        
         
           THIS
           Lady
           had
           very
           excellent
           Vertues
           ,
           without
           having
           the
           least
           Mixture
           of
           any
           Weakness
           incident
           to
           her
           Sex
           ,
           through
           the
           Course
           of
           her
           whole
           Life
           ,
           though
           it
           was
           very
           long
           .
           She
           had
           been
           married
           to
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Teligny
          
           before
           the
           Famous
           Day
           of
           St.
           Bartholomew
           ,
           which
           was
           in
           1572.
           and
           she
           died
           in
           1620.
           
           The
           Admiral
           her
           Father
           esteem'd
           her
           very
           much
           both
           for
           her
           Modesty
           and
           Prudence
           She
           gain'd
           every
           Body's
           Heart
           and
           Affection
           ,
           by
           her
           Way
           of
           Conversation
           ,
           which
           was
           easy
           and
           graceful
           ;
           and
           had
           an
           universal
           Respect
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           her
           true
           Sence
           ,
           as
           her
           extraordinary
           
           good
           Nature
           .
           She
           was
           very
           well
           shap'd
           ,
           though
           her
           Stature
           was
           but
           low
           ;
           her
           Eyes
           were
           very
           beautiful
           ,
           and
           her
           Complexion
           lively
           .
        
         
           The
           Admiral
           ,
           who
           loved
           her
           tenderly
           and
           passionately
           ,
           desired
           to
           have
           her
           well
           disposed
           of
           ,
           after
           having
           cast
           his
           Eyes
           upon
           all
           the
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           that
           were
           of
           his
           own
           Religion
           and
           Party
           ,
           he
           found
           none
           so
           deserving
           to
           marry
           this
           excellent
           Lady
           as
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Teligny
          
           ,
           (
           Son
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Teligny
          
           a
           Famous
           Captain
           in
           the
           Wars
           of
           Italy
           )
           in
           whom
           he
           had
           observed
           more
           Valour
           and
           Conduct
           than
           in
           any
           other
           Gentleman
           of
           his
           time
           ;
           besides
           ,
           his
           Vertues
           were
           so
           considerable
           ,
           that
           those
           who
           writ
           in
           Favour
           of
           Queen
           Catharine
           Queen
           of
           Medices
           ,
           (
           who
           mortally
           hated
           the
           Admiral
           have
           confessed
           ,
           that
           she
           and
           the
           King
           her
           Son
           had
           very
           great
           Difficulty
           to
           consent
           to
           the
           Death
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Teligny
          
           ,
           who
           had
           rendred
           himself
           agreeable
           to
           both
           of
           them
           ,
           by
           his
           handsom
           Deportment
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           sincere
           and
           noble
           Way
           of
           Acting
           ;
           which
           shews
           that
           Vertue
           is
           always
           attractive
           ,
           from
           whencesoever
           it
           proceeds
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           has
           uncommon
           Charms
           to
           make
           it self
           admired
           and
           favoured
           ,
           though
           in
           the
           Person
           of
           an
           Enemy
           .
        
         
           The
           Admiral
           then
           advised
           this
           beautiful
           Lady
           to
           accept
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Teligny
          
           ,
           and
           to
           preferr
           a
           Man
           indued
           with
           so
           many
           good
           Qualities
           ,
           though
           of
           moderate
           Fortune
           ,
           to
           others
           ,
           who
           though
           they
           had
           greater
           Riches
           and
           Titles
           ,
           were
           still
           less
           worthy
           to
           possess
           
           her
           .
           But
           she
           soon
           lost
           so
           good
           a
           Husband
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Admiral
           her
           Father
           ,
           in
           the
           cruel
           Day
           of
           St.
           Bartholomew
           .
           Having
           heard
           of
           this
           Misfortune
           in
           Burgundy
           ,
           her
           Mother-in-Law
           and
           she
           ,
           with
           the
           young
           Lord
           of
           Chatillon
           her
           Brother
           ,
           had
           much
           ado
           to
           get
           into
           Switzerland
           to
           secure
           their
           Lives
           ,
           the
           Massacre
           of
           the
           Protestants
           being
           universal
           throughout
           all
           France
           .
        
         
           This
           great
           Admiral
           was
           Son
           of
           another
           
             Gaspar
             de
             Coligny
          
           ,
           Lord
           of
           Chatillon
           upon
           Loyr
           ,
           Mareschal
           of
           France
           under
           Louis
           the
           XII
           a
           Famous
           General
           ,
           who
           died
           at
           Aix
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           commanding
           the
           French
           Army
           against
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           of
           
             Louise
             de
             Montmorency
          
           ,
           Sister
           to
           
             Anne
             de
             Montmorency
          
           ,
           Constable
           of
           France
           .
           He
           left
           behind
           him
           three
           Sons
           that
           were
           very
           considerable
           ;
           Odet
           Cardinal
           of
           Chatillon
           the
           eldest
           ,
           who
           was
           Patron
           to
           all
           the
           Wits
           and
           Learned
           Persons
           of
           his
           Age
           ;
           Iasper
           Admiral
           of
           France
           ,
           who
           ,
           before
           that
           ,
           had
           been
           Governour
           of
           Paris
           and
           Picardy
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           
             Francis
             de
             Coligny
          
           Lord
           of
           Andelot
           ,
           Colonel
           General
           of
           the
           French
           Infantry
           .
           A
           Son
           of
           the
           Admiral
           ,
           named
           Francis
           was
           likewise
           Colonel
           of
           the
           French
           Infantry
           ,
           he
           signalized
           himself
           ,
           as
           well
           upon
           the
           Bridge
           of
           Tours
           ,
           by
           saving
           the
           Persons
           of
           Henry
           the
           III.
           and
           the
           King
           of
           Navarre
           ,
           from
           the
           Forces
           of
           the
           League
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           in
           the
           Battle
           of
           Arques
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           gained
           the
           Reputation
           of
           surpassing
           the
           Admiral
           .
           He
           left
           two
           Sons
           by
           a
           Daughter
           of
           the
           House
           of
           
             Chaune
             de
             Pequigny
          
           ;
           the
           eldest
           ,
           who
           promised
           much
           ,
           
           was
           taken
           off
           by
           a
           Cannon
           Bullet
           at
           the
           Siege
           of
           Ostend
           ;
           the
           other
           was
           the
           Mareschal
           
             de
             Chatillon
          
           ,
           Father
           to
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Coligny
          
           that
           died
           young
           ,
           and
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Chatillon
          
           who
           was
           killed
           at
           Charenton
           .
           The
           Mareschal
           Chatillon
           had
           likewise
           two
           Daughters
           ,
           one
           married
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Montbeliard
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           named
           Henrietta
           ,
           Countess
           of
           Adinton
           and
           Suze
           ,
           had
           so
           great
           a
           Genius
           for
           Poetry
           ,
           that
           she
           has
           out
           done
           Sappho
           her self
           ,
           by
           her
           exquisite
           Works
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           Delight
           of
           all
           such
           as
           are
           Lovers
           of
           Gallantry
           .
        
         
           Madam
           
             de
             Teligny
          
           having
           lived
           during
           her
           Widowhood
           with
           a
           Conduct
           that
           made
           her
           admired
           by
           the
           whole
           World
           ,
           she
           was
           sought
           to
           by
           Prince
           William
           of
           Orange
           after
           the
           Death
           of
           
             Charlotte
             de
             Bourbon
          
           ,
           and
           he
           married
           her
           in
           the
           year
           1583.
           upon
           the
           Reputation
           of
           her
           Vertue
           .
           But
           soon
           after
           ,
           by
           a
           Fatality
           that
           usually
           snatches
           from
           us
           That
           which
           is
           most
           dear
           ,
           she
           saw
           him
           assassinated
           before
           her
           own
           Eyes
           ,
           having
           had
           but
           one
           Son
           by
           him
           ,
           born
           a
           little
           before
           his
           Father's
           Death
           who
           was
           the
           Famous
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
        
         
           She
           had
           this
           Advantage
           ,
           to
           be
           Sprung
           from
           the
           greatest
           Man
           in
           Europe
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           had
           two
           Husbands
           of
           very
           eminent
           Vertues
           ,
           the
           last
           of
           which
           left
           behind
           him
           an
           immortal
           Reputation
           ;
           but
           she
           had
           likewise
           the
           Misfortune
           to
           lose
           them
           all
           three
           by
           hasty
           and
           violent
           Deaths
           ;
           her
           Life
           having
           been
           nothing
           but
           a
           continued
           Series
           of
           Afflictions
           
           able
           to
           make
           any
           one
           sink
           under
           them
           ,
           but
           a
           Soul
           that
           ,
           like
           hers
           ,
           had
           resigned
           her self
           up
           so
           totally
           to
           the
           will
           of
           Heaven
           .
        
         
           She
           has
           told
           my
           Father
           freely
           ,
           that
           at
           her
           coming
           into
           Holland
           ,
           she
           was
           very
           much
           surprized
           at
           their
           Rude
           Way
           of
           Living
           ;
           so
           different
           from
           that
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           whereas
           she
           had
           been
           used
           to
           a
           Coach
           ,
           she
           was
           there
           put
           into
           a
           Dutch
           Waggon
           ,
           open
           at
           Top
           ,
           guided
           by
           a
           Vourman
           ;
           where
           she
           sate
           upon
           a
           Board
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           going
           from
           Roterdam
           to
           Delft
           ,
           which
           is
           but
           two
           Leagues
           ,
           she
           was
           crippled
           ,
           and
           almost
           Frozen
           to
           death
           .
        
         
           There
           never
           was
           one
           of
           a
           more
           noble
           Soul
           ,
           or
           a
           truer
           Lover
           of
           Justice
           than
           this
           Princess
           .
        
         
           But
           it
           was
           observable
           ,
           during
           the
           great
           Differences
           between
           Maurice
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           her
           Son-in-Law
           ,
           and
           Monsieur
           Barneveldt
           ,
           she
           took
           part
           with
           the
           latter
           ,
           and
           used
           all
           her
           Endeavours
           to
           save
           his
           Life
           ,
           having
           founded
           her
           good
           Opinion
           of
           him
           ,
           upon
           his
           having
           been
           one
           of
           the
           chiefest
           Confidents
           of
           the
           Prince
           her
           Husband
           .
        
         
           This
           Princess
           was
           my
           Father's
           greatest
           Support
           in
           his
           
             Long
             Embassy
          
           ;
           and
           rendred
           him
           always
           agreeable
           to
           the
           House
           of
           Orange
           .
           This
           was
           a
           Favour
           which
           at
           that
           time
           he
           stood
           mightily
           in
           need
           of
           ;
           for
           the
           Court
           would
           suffer
           no
           person
           there
           ,
           but
           one
           that
           stood
           fair
           in
           the
           Opinion
           of
           that
           Family
           .
           This
           Protection
           was
           so
           much
           
           the
           more
           advantageous
           and
           necessary
           to
           him
           ,
           because
           there
           were
           several
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           in
           France
           that
           were
           Brothers-in-Law
           or
           Cousins
           to
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           who
           used
           all
           their
           Endeavours
           to
           render
           him
           suspected
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           him
           recalled
           from
           that
           Employment
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           most
           considerable
           that
           could
           be
           hoped
           for
           from
           France
           in
           that
           Conjuncture
           .
        
         
           All
           Europe
           was
           then
           in
           a
           profound
           Peace
           ,
           so
           all
           Embassies
           at
           other
           Courts
           lay
           dead
           ,
           and
           had
           no
           Action
           stirring
           that
           was
           considerable
           .
           That
           of
           Holland
           only
           was
           of
           Importance
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           which
           on
           their
           part
           was
           managed
           under
           the
           Conduct
           of
           that
           Famous
           Captain
           Count
           Maurice
           ;
           and
           in
           Flanders
           by
           the
           great
           General
           
             Ambrose
             Spinola
          
           a
           Genoese
           .
           The
           
             English
             ,
             Scotch
             ,
             Danes
             ,
             Swedes
             ,
          
           the
           Germans
           those
           that
           were
           Protestants
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           went
           thither
           to
           learn
           the
           Rudiments
           of
           War
           under
           the
           Count
           ;
           and
           the
           Germans
           ,
           the
           Italians
           ,
           the
           Sicilians
           ,
           the
           Polanders
           ,
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           that
           were
           Catholicks
           ,
           did
           the
           same
           under
           the
           Marquess
           ;
           so
           it
           seemed
           as
           if
           all
           the
           whole
           Christian
           World
           was
           met
           in
           this
           little
           Corner
           of
           the
           Earth
           to
           learn
           how
           to
           fight
           against
           one
           another
           .
        
         
           France
           then
           maintaining
           divers
           Companies
           of
           Foot
           ,
           and
           some
           Troops
           of
           Horse
           in
           that
           Countrey
           ,
           being
           very
           much
           interested
           in
           what
           concerned
           the
           Good
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           who
           then
           Employed
           the
           Arms
           of
           
           the
           Spaniards
           their
           ancient
           Enemies
           ;
           and
           having
           likewise
           very
           often
           an
           Occasion
           for
           the
           Assistance
           of
           the
           Dutch
           Men
           of
           War
           ,
           the
           Embassador
           had
           continually
           some
           matter
           of
           Importance
           to
           write
           to
           Court
           ,
           and
           to
           dispatch
           his
           Couriers
           thither
           .
           Besides
           the
           King
           every
           year
           gave
           large
           Sums
           to
           the
           Hollanders
           for
           the
           Payment
           of
           the
           French
           Troops
           ;
           and
           the
           Embassador
           ,
           besides
           the
           Allowance
           for
           his
           Employment
           ,
           and
           his
           Pensions
           from
           Court
           ,
           had
           moreover
           fourscore
           thousand
           Livres
           a
           year
           as
           Treasurer
           in
           Holland
           ;
           and
           all
           the
           Money
           went
           through
           his
           Hand
           .
           Besides
           the
           great
           Profit
           of
           this
           Employment
           ,
           there
           was
           likewise
           much
           Honour
           and
           Pleasure
           in
           the
           Service
           ;
           for
           all
           the
           French
           Nobility
           ,
           when
           they
           came
           from
           the
           University
           ,
           went
           to
           learn
           the
           Art
           of
           War
           under
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           as
           heretofore
           they
           had
           done
           in
           Piedmont
           under
           the
           great
           Mareschal
           Brisac
           .
           In
           Winter
           the
           Hague
           was
           full
           of
           French
           Lords
           and
           Gentlemen
           ,
           who
           to
           honour
           their
           King
           ,
           and
           the
           Person
           of
           his
           Minister
           used
           to
           accompany
           him
           to
           his
           Audience
           of
           the
           States-General
           ;
           and
           it
           not
           being
           possible
           to
           provide
           Coaches
           for
           two
           or
           three
           hundred
           Gentlemen
           and
           Officers
           ,
           that
           sometimes
           came
           together
           ,
           the
           Embassador
           himself
           used
           to
           march
           on
           Foot
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           so
           splendid
           a
           Company
           ;
           and
           his
           Coach
           to
           follow
           after
           empty
           .
        
         
         
           I
           shall
           spend
           no
           more
           time
           upon
           the
           Concerns
           of
           my
           Fathers
           Embassy
           ,
           or
           his
           Obligations
           to
           the
           Princess
           Louise
           of
           Orange
           ;
           but
           return
           to
           my
           principal
           Matter
           ,
           and
           relate
           what
           I
           know
           concerning
           Philip
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           eldest
           Son
           to
           William
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           by
           his
           first
           Wife
           Anne
           of
           Egmont
           .
        
         
      
       
         
         
           
             
               PHILLIP
               WILLIAM
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               .
            
             portrait
          
        
      
       
         
         
           Philip
           William
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           
             Prince
             of
          
           Orange
           ,
           and
           Eleanor
           of
           Bourbon
           
             his
             Wife
          
           .
        
         
           THis
           Prince
           was
           Godson
           to
           King
           Philip
           the
           Second
           ;
           and
           when
           Prince
           William
           his
           Father
           was
           forced
           to
           take
           Arms
           in
           his
           own
           Defence
           ,
           he
           studied
           in
           the
           Colledge
           of
           Lovaine
           :
           where
           ,
           amongst
           other
           priviledges
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           permitted
           to
           arrest
           any
           person
           upon
           what
           account
           soever
           .
           Notwithstanding
           this
           ,
           
             Iohn
             Vargas
          
           ,
           a
           Spaniard
           ,
           accompanied
           with
           several
           Souldiers
           of
           the
           same
           Nation
           ,
           took
           him
           thence
           by
           force
           ,
           pursuant
           to
           an
           Order
           from
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ;
           in
           spite
           of
           all
           the
           clamours
           of
           the
           Rector
           of
           the
           University
           ,
           who
           complaining
           vehemently
           and
           in
           good
           Latin
           ,
           that
           their
           Priviledges
           were
           violated
           ,
           was
           answered
           by
           Vargas
           very
           incong●…uously
           in
           this
           Barbarous
           expression
           ,
           
             Non
             curamus
             Privilegios
             vestros
          
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           his
           Father
           complained
           of
           it
           by
           Publick
           Manifesto's
           ,
           which
           set
           forth
           the
           Cruelty
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ;
           and
           proved
           that
           there
           were
           neither
           Laws
           nor
           Priviledges
           ,
           nor
           Innocence
           of
           Age
           ,
           that
           could
           exempt
           any
           person
           from
           their
           Tyranny
           .
        
         
         
           This
           poor
           Child
           was
           carried
           Prisoner
           into
           Spain
           at
           13
           years
           old
           ,
           and
           shut
           up
           in
           a
           Castle
           in
           the
           Country
           ,
           where
           he
           could
           have
           no
           Education
           ,
           and
           where
           he
           pass'd
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           his
           time
           in
           playing
           at
           Chess
           ,
           which
           the
           Governour
           of
           the
           Castle
           had
           taught
           him
           .
           Towards
           the
           end
           of
           his
           Imprisonment
           ,
           which
           was
           about
           30
           years
           ,
           they
           allow'd
           him
           a
           little
           more
           Liberty
           .
        
         
           This
           Prince
           was
           naturally
           Complaisant
           ;
           his
           Body
           sat
           ,
           and
           wore
           a
           very
           large
           Beard
           .
           Being
           carried
           young
           into
           Spain
           ,
           he
           continued
           a
           Catholick
           ;
           so
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           to
           justifie
           this
           unjust
           detention
           ,
           said
           they
           had
           brought
           him
           thither
           only
           to
           preserve
           him
           from
           the
           poyson
           of
           Heresie
           ,
           and
           to
           keep
           him
           in
           security
           from
           it
           .
           During
           his
           stay
           in
           Spain
           ,
           the
           Captain
           who
           guarded
           him
           having
           spoke
           much
           to
           the
           disadvantage
           of
           Prince
           William
           his
           Father
           ,
           this
           generous
           Son
           ,
           push'd
           on
           by
           affection
           for
           his
           Father
           ,
           which
           animated
           him
           to
           resentment
           ,
           took
           him
           about
           the
           middle
           ,
           threw
           him
           out
           of
           the
           Window
           ,
           and
           broke
           his
           Neck
           .
           He
           thought
           that
           so
           bold
           an
           action
           would
           bring
           him
           into
           trouble
           :
           and
           indeed
           upon
           this
           occasion
           there
           were
           different
           advices
           given
           in
           King
           Philips
           Council
           ,
           but
           at
           last
           it
           was
           resolved
           to
           use
           mildness
           ,
           and
           indulgence
           in
           this
           encounter
           ;
           
             Gabriel
             Osorio
          
           ,
           a
           young
           Gentleman
           ,
           who
           was
           present
           at
           the
           action
           ,
           having
           reported
           it
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           said
           the
           Governour
           had
           been
           wanting
           in
           his
           respect
           towards
           him
           ;
           so
           this
           death
           
           was
           allowed
           to
           his
           just
           resentment
           .
           The
           Prince
           thought
           himself
           so
           obliged
           to
           Osorio
           ,
           for
           this
           favorable
           representation
           which
           he
           had
           made
           of
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           ever
           after
           kept
           him
           near
           his
           Person
           ,
           and
           bestow'd
           on
           him
           a
           great
           many
           favours
           .
        
         
           At
           last
           ,
           King
           Philip
           II.
           either
           moved
           by
           so
           long
           a
           Captivity
           ,
           or
           weary
           of
           punishing
           the
           pretended
           Iniquity
           of
           the
           Father
           upon
           the
           Son
           that
           was
           Innocent
           ,
           or
           rather
           hoping
           that
           his
           deliverance
           would
           raise
           jealousies
           and
           divisions
           amongst
           the
           Brothers
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Orange
           ,
           (
           as
           the
           escape
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Guise
          
           ,
           from
           the
           Castle
           of
           Tours
           ,
           had
           caused
           amongst
           the
           heads
           of
           the
           League
           )
           resolved
           to
           release
           him
           ,
           after
           so
           long
           an
           Imprisonment
           .
        
         
           Then
           Count
           Maurice
           shewed
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           a
           Soul
           that
           was
           wholly
           disinterested
           ,
           and
           let
           him
           enjoy
           all
           the
           Estates
           which
           were
           then
           in
           his
           Possession
           ,
           as
           Breda
           and
           other
           places
           ;
           and
           Madam
           the
           Countess
           of
           Holoc
           ,
           his
           Sister
           by
           Father
           and
           Mother
           ,
           used
           him
           very
           generously
           ,
           making
           him
           a
           Thousand
           fair
           Offers
           ,
           and
           rich
           Presents
           ,
           upon
           his
           arrival
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           where
           they
           two
           met
           at
           Cleves
           ;
           but
           Count
           Maurice
           for
           fear
           of
           being
           suspected
           ,
           satisfied
           himself
           with
           visiting
           him
           by
           an
           Envoy
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Philip
           came
           into
           Flanders
           with
           Albert
           the
           Arch-Duke
           ,
           who
           a
           little
           while
           after
           sent
           him
           back
           to
           Spain
           ,
           to
           bring
           the
           Infanta
           Isabella
           (
           afterwards
           his
           ●…se
           )
           into
           the
           
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           to
           whom
           her
           Father
           Philip
           gave
           in
           Marriage
           ,
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           the
           
             Seventeen
             Provinces
          
           ;
           all
           Europe
           was
           very
           much
           astonished
           ,
           that
           the
           Son
           of
           a
           man
           so
           odious
           to
           Spain
           ,
           should
           be
           chose
           to
           execute
           so
           important
           a
           Commission
           ,
           which
           could
           not
           be
           given
           him
           without
           a
           large
           Testimony
           both
           of
           Esteem
           and
           Confidence
           .
           He
           lived
           afterwards
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           Brussels
           with
           the
           Arch-Dukes
           of
           Flanders
           :
           for
           the
           States
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           conceived
           such
           a
           distrust
           of
           him
           by
           reason
           of
           this
           employment
           ,
           and
           because
           King
           Philip
           had
           reestablished
           him
           in
           his
           Lands
           ,
           situated
           in
           the
           Spanish
           Low
           Countries
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           
             Franche
             Comte
          
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           confiscated
           ;
           that
           they
           would
           never
           let
           him
           come
           to
           visit
           their
           Provinces
           ,
           much
           less
           to
           continue
           there
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           often
           testified
           his
           desire
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           He
           never
           appeared
           there
           before
           the
           Year
           1608
           ,
           when
           the
           Truce
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           was
           almost
           concluded
           ;
           and
           in
           this
           Journey
           he
           did
           nothing
           else
           but
           reconcile
           the
           Princess
           Emilia
           his
           Sister
           ,
           with
           his
           Brother
           Count
           Maurice
           ,
           who
           would
           never
           see
           her
           since
           her
           Marriage
           with
           Prince
           Emanuel
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           because
           it
           had
           been
           concluded
           without
           his
           consent
           .
        
         
           He
           married
           Eleanor
           of
           Bourbon
           ,
           the
           Sister
           of
           the
           deceased
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           a
           very
           virtuous
           Princess
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           had
           no
           Children
           .
           This
           Marriage
           with
           the
           first
           Princess
           of
           the
           Blood
           of
           France
           ,
           put
           him
           in
           possession
           of
           his
           
           Principality
           and
           Town
           of
           Orange
           ,
           where
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Blacons
          
           who
           was
           Governor
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           being
           a
           Kinsman
           of
           Monsieur
           the
           Marshal
           
             des
             Lesdiguierres
          
           ,
           who
           commanded
           absolutely
           in
           Dauphiny
           ,
           would
           not
           let
           him
           enter
           ;
           but
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Blacons
          
           ,
           had
           so
           many
           express
           orders
           from
           the
           King
           to
           leave
           the
           place
           ;
           and
           Monsieur
           
             des
             Lesdiguierres
          
           had
           an
           order
           to
           make
           them
           be
           precisely
           obeyed
           ,
           that
           at
           last
           the
           Prince
           saw
           himself
           possess'd
           both
           of
           the
           Place
           and
           his
           Soveraignty
           ;
           for
           before
           he
           had
           been
           look'd
           upon
           as
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           having
           followed
           the
           Arch-Duke
           Albert
           when
           he
           was
           at
           Calais
           ,
           and
           would
           make
           King
           Henry
           IV.
           raise
           the
           Seige
           of
           Amiens
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Philip
           farther
           confess'd
           to
           his
           most
           intimate
           Friends
           ,
           That
           in
           his
           whole
           Life
           he
           was
           never
           in
           so
           great
           pain
           and
           such
           strange
           uneasiness
           ,
           as
           at
           the
           time
           when
           the
           battle
           of
           Newport
           was
           fought
           ;
           for
           the
           Arch-Duke
           ,
           who
           presumed
           very
           far
           upon
           his
           own
           Forces
           ,
           thinking
           them
           as
           much
           superior
           in
           Valor
           ,
           as
           they
           were
           in
           Number
           ,
           to
           those
           of
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           had
           boasted
           ,
           that
           if
           he
           had
           gained
           the
           day
           ,
           he
           would
           send
           the
           two
           Brothers
           ,
           Maurice
           and
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           ,
           bound
           hand
           and
           foot
           as
           his
           Prisoners
           into
           Spain
           .
           So
           he
           sent
           out
           his
           Scouts
           on
           every
           side
           ,
           kept
           all
           his
           Horses
           ready
           sadled
           and
           bridled
           in
           his
           Stable
           ,
           and
           his
           People
           all
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           retire
           suddenly
           into
           some
           place
           of
           safety
           ,
           thinking
           that
           his
           Brothers
           being
           lost
           ,
           he
           likewise
           must
           perish
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           :
           so
           that
           during
           the
           whole
           
           fight
           he
           was
           at
           his
           Prayers
           ,
           and
           made
           ardent
           and
           continual
           Vows
           that
           his
           Brothers
           might
           obtain
           the
           Victory
           .
        
         
           During
           the
           Truce
           ,
           which
           was
           concluded
           for
           12
           years
           ,
           he
           made
           a
           Voyage
           into
           Holland
           ,
           in
           the
           Year
           1615
           ,
           with
           Madam
           the
           Princess
           his
           Wife
           ,
           and
           they
           lived
           generally
           at
           Breda
           .
           My
           Father
           had
           the
           honor
           to
           see
           them
           ,
           and
           converse
           with
           them
           often
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           so
           far
           in
           both
           their
           good
           graces
           ,
           that
           they
           helped
           him
           to
           overthrow
           a
           great
           many
           calumnies
           which
           had
           been
           invented
           to
           draw
           upon
           him
           the
           indignation
           of
           Monsieur
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           and
           several
           other
           Lords
           and
           great
           Persons
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           who
           during
           the
           Minority
           of
           the
           late
           King
           ,
           had
           been
           several
           times
           in
           Arms
           upon
           diverse
           pretences
           ;
           it
           having
           been
           told
           them
           by
           my
           Fathers
           Enemies
           that
           during
           these
           commotions
           ,
           he
           had
           acted
           with
           too
           much
           heat
           and
           violence
           against
           them
           ,
           having
           caused
           several
           Vessels
           full
           of
           Arms
           to
           be
           seized
           ,
           and
           stopped
           divers
           Officers
           from
           Holland
           ,
           who
           would
           have
           come
           over
           to
           their
           Service
           ;
           to
           all
           these
           disobliging
           actions
           were
           added
           some
           discourses
           to
           the
           disparagement
           of
           these
           great
           Persons
           ,
           which
           my
           Fathers
           Enemies
           had
           likewise
           imputed
           to
           him
           .
        
         
           These
           Princes
           had
           so
           far
           given
           credit
           to
           such
           Impostors
           ,
           that
           not
           being
           able
           to
           seize
           upon
           my
           Fathers
           Person
           ,
           they
           testified
           their
           resentment
           by
           sacking
           his
           Castle
           of
           
             Fountayne
             Dangé
          
           ,
           near
           Chateleraut
           ,
           which
           they
           pillaged
           
           by
           their
           Troops
           ;
           but
           
             Mary
             de
             Medices
          
           ,
           the
           Queen
           Mother
           ,
           who
           had
           knowledge
           of
           this
           disorder
           ,
           being
           then
           at
           Poitiers
           ,
           made
           him
           ample
           satisfaction
           ;
           so
           that
           he
           had
           no
           further
           loss
           ,
           than
           of
           several
           original
           Papers
           ,
           and
           ancient
           Titles
           which
           were
           not
           in
           her
           Majesties
           Power
           to
           repair
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           himself
           upon
           this
           occasion
           wrote
           to
           my
           Father
           as
           follows
           ,
        
         
           Monsieur
           de
           Maurier
           ,
        
         
           Then
           after
           this
           are
           two
           pages
           in
           Cypher
           .
        
         
           
             
               AS
               for
               what
               remains
               ,
               I
               am
               very
               sorry
               that
               your
               House
               has
               suffered
               for
               the
               Services
               you
               have
               rendred
               me
               .
               I
               will
               takecare
               of
               my
               Servants
               ,
               and
               encourage
               them
               to
               do
               well
               by
               the
               Protection
               which
               I
               give
               both
               to
               their
               Persons
               and
               Estates
               .
               The
               Sieur
               
                 de
                 Puysieux
              
               may
               acquaint
               you
               with
               what
               I
               have
               ordered
               upon
               this
               account
               ;
               continue
               only
               to
               serve
               me
               with
               care
               and
               fidelity
               as
               you
               do
               at
               present
               ,
               and
               you
               shall
               receive
               both
               the
               Honor
               and
               the
               Profit
               of
               it
               .
               I
               pray
               God
               keep
               you
               
                 Monsieur
                 de
                 Maurier
              
               ,
               under
               his
               holy
               and
               safe
               Protection
               .
               Written
               at
               
                 Poitiers
                 ,
                 Jan.
              
               20
               ,
               1616.
               
               Signed
               Lewis
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               lower
               .
               Brulard
               .
            
          
        
         
           The
           Queen
           likewise
           wrote
           him
           the
           following
           Letter
           .
        
         
           
             
             
               
                 Monsieur
                 de
                 Maurier
                 ,
              
            
             
               THE
               King
               ,
               my
               Son
               ,
               answers
               your
               dispatch
               by
               this
               Bearer
               ,
               whose
               intentions
               I
               am
               assured
               you
               can
               so
               well
               execute
               ,
               as
               they
               may
               produce
               the
               effect
               which
               we
               desire
               ,
               pursuant
               to
               your
               good
               Counsels
               ;
               we
               confide
               therefore
               in
               your
               affection
               and
               care
               in
               this
               encounter
               ;
               nor
               shall
               I
               add
               any
               further
               Command
               .
               You
               know
               likewise
               what
               considerations
               he
               has
               made
               you
               ,
               for
               the
               House
               which
               you
               have
               lost
               in
               his
               Service
               ;
               to
               which
               ,
               if
               you
               continue
               firm
               with
               the
               same
               fidelity
               and
               diligence
               ,
               you
               shall
               receive
               all
               possible
               Content
               and
               Advantage
               .
               I
               pray
               God
               keep
               you
               
                 Monsieur
                 de
                 Maurier
              
               in
               his
               holy
               and
               safe
               Protection
               .
               Written
               at
               Poitiers
               the
               20th
               of
               January
               ,
               1616.
               
               Signed
               Mary
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               lower
               Brulard
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Monsieur
             de
             Puysieux
          
           writ
           to
           him
           likewise
           ,
           towards
           the
           end
           of
           a
           long
           dispatch
           .
        
         
           
             
               AS
               to
               what
               concerns
               your
               Interests
               ,
               and
               the
               loss
               and
               damage
               you
               have
               sustained
               in
               your
               House
               of
               Fontayne
               ,
               I
               have
               not
               been
               wanting
               to
               represent
               it
               to
               their
               Majesties
               ,
               in
               all
               those
               circumstances
               which
               were
               requisite
               ;
               at
               which
               they
               are
               much
               concerned
               ,
               and
               do
               not
               intend
               that
               any
               of
               their
               Servants
               shall
               suffer
               upon
               account
               of
               the
               good
               services
               they
               have
               rendred
               them
               .
               They
               have
               ordered
               you
               2000
               Crowns
               for
               a
               Recompence
               of
               your
               loss
               ,
               and
               would
               have
               you
               know
               ,
               they
               do
               it
               upon
               that
               consideration
               ;
               and
               have
               thought
               fit
               to
               encrease
               your
               Pension
               to
               1000
               Crowns
               a
               Year
               .
               I
               wish
               I
               could
               still
               testifie
               more
               to
               your
               content
               ,
               the
               extream
               desire
               I
               have
               of
               
               serving
               you
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               know
               that
               I
               am
               truly
               your
               very
               humble
               ,
               and
               very
               affectionate
               Servant
               ,
            
             
               
                 From
                 Poitiers
                 ,
                 
                   Jan.
                   20th
                   1616.
                   
                
              
               
                 Puysieux
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           Prince
           Philip
           ,
           and
           Madame
           his
           Princess
           ,
           had
           so
           much
           goodness
           as
           to
           disabuse
           the
           Princes
           and
           Grandees
           ,
           who
           had
           raised
           a
           war
           ,
           which
           they
           called
           
             the
             War
             of
             the
          
           Henrys
           ,
           because
           the
           greater
           part
           of
           the
           Heads
           of
           that
           Party
           were
           so
           called
           ;
           Mounseir
           the
           Prince
           was
           called
           ,
           
             Henry
             of
             Bourbon
          
           ;
           Monsieur
           
             du
             Mayne
             ,
             Henry
             of
             Lorrain
          
           ;
           Monsieur
           
             du
             Longeville
             ,
             Henry
             of
             Orleans
          
           ;
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Bovillon
             ,
             Henry
             de
             la
             Tour.
          
           They
           told
           them
           all
           ,
           that
           these
           injurious
           Speeches
           were
           pure
           inventions
           to
           animate
           them
           against
           my
           Father
           .
           They
           acquainted
           them
           likewise
           that
           whilst
           he
           acquitted
           himself
           of
           his
           duty
           ,
           he
           all
           along
           continued
           to
           preserve
           that
           respect
           which
           was
           due
           to
           them
           ;
           That
           for
           what
           remained
           there
           was
           no
           reason
           to
           object
           it
           to
           him
           as
           a
           crime
           ,
           to
           have
           served
           his
           Master
           faithfully
           .
           And
           that
           he
           could
           not
           without
           betraying
           his
           trust
           ,
           and
           endangering
           his
           own
           ruine
           ,
           but
           execute
           such
           orders
           as
           came
           to
           him
           from
           Court.
           
        
         
           I
           remember
           that
           I
           saw
           them
           at
           our
           House
           in
           my
           infancy
           ,
           and
           particularly
           the
           Princess
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           goodness
           to
           make
           very
           much
           of
           us
           ,
           and
           did
           my
           Father
           the
           favor
           to
           think
           fit
           ,
           that
           one
           of
           my
           Sisters
           ,
           who
           was
           born
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           should
           have
           the
           honor
           of
           bearing
           her
           Name
           of
           Eleanor
           :
           She
           was
           presented
           in
           
           Baptism
           by
           Prince
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           was
           her
           Godfather
           .
           This
           Daughter
           was
           married
           to
           the
           Baron
           
             de
             Mauzè
          
           ,
           near
           Rochelle
           ,
           Brother
           to
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             la
             Villedieu
          
           ,
           and
           died
           without
           Children
           ,
           in
           1660.
           
           She
           was
           a
           Woman
           who
           painted
           the
           best
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           writ
           the
           most
           correctly
           ,
           whose
           Letters
           were
           all
           of
           a
           vigorous
           and
           masculine
           Stile
           ,
           without
           one
           word
           that
           was
           unnecessary
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Philip
           died
           at
           Brussels
           ,
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Year
           1618.
           
           He
           had
           the
           Hemorrhoids
           very
           much
           in●…amed
           ;
           and
           Gregory
           a
           German
           Chyrurgeon
           having
           hurt
           him
           with
           the
           Syringe
           whilst
           he
           gave
           him
           a
           Clyster
           ,
           a
           Gangreen
           insued
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           impossible
           to
           save
           him
           .
           The
           Princess
           his
           Wife
           died
           likewise
           in
           the
           same
           Year
           .
        
         
           After
           his
           Death
           ,
           Count
           Maurice
           his
           Brother
           took
           upon
           him
           the
           Quality
           of
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           inherited
           his
           whole
           Estate
           ;
           whereas
           before
           he
           was
           contented
           with
           the
           bare
           Title
           of
           Count.
           
        
         
      
       
         
         
           Maurice
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           
             Prince
             of
          
           Orange
           .
        
         
           THis
           great
           Captain
           has
           falsified
           the
           Proverb
           ,
           which
           says
           ,
           
             The
             Children
             of
             Heroes
             are
             generally
             good
             for
             nothing
          
           ;
           for
           though
           he
           was
           the
           Son
           of
           a
           most
           excellent
           Father
           ,
           who
           left
           behind
           him
           an
           immortal
           Glory
           ,
           yet
           he
           has
           not
           only
           equall'd
           him
           in
           his
           prudence
           and
           greatness
           of
           Soul
           ,
           but
           has
           likewise
           surpassed
           him
           in
           the
           Art
           Military
           ,
           and
           great
           Performances
           ;
           As
           the
           Father
           for
           20
           years
           together
           made
           the
           discourse
           of
           all
           Europe
           ,
           so
           the
           Son
           for
           40
           years
           successively
           ,
           did
           it
           much
           more
           than
           all
           the
           crown'd
           Heads
           in
           Europe
           :
           for
           from
           the
           Year
           1584
           ,
           when
           he
           came
           first
           into
           action
           ,
           to
           1625
           ,
           when
           he
           died
           ,
           Prince
           Maurice
           was
           never
           mentioned
           without
           admiration
           and
           astonishment
           ,
           as
           being
           held
           for
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           Captains
           that
           has
           ever
           yet
           appeared
           :
           In
           truth
           ,
           though
           Nature
           does
           not
           always
           make
           extraordinary
           efforts
           to
           produce
           great
           men
           in
           the
           same
           family
           and
           succession
           ,
           yet
           the
           great
           Actions
           of
           the
           Father
           are
           powerful
           Incentives
           to
           stir
           up
           their
           Children
           to
           imitate
           them
           :
           The
           Glory
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           being
           a
           Light
           ,
           which
           directs
           their
           posterity
           to
           march
           in
           those
           generous
           paths
           which
           they
           have
           trod
           before
           them
           
           If
           the
           vertue
           of
           strangers
           has
           often
           stirred
           up
           some
           couragious
           Souls
           to
           do
           great
           things
           ,
           (
           as
           that
           Greek
           whose
           rest
           was
           discomposed
           by
           the
           Triumphs
           of
           
             Miltiades
             ;
          
           )
           sure
           domestick
           examples
           must
           be
           much
           more
           moving
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           not
           incur
           the
           shame
           of
           having
           degenerated
           .
        
         
           Upon
           this
           occasion
           I
           shall
           here
           relate
           what
           I
           have
           often
           heard
           my
           Father
           say
           in
           his
           latter
           years
           ,
           That
           he
           had
           undoubtedly
           past
           his
           life
           in
           the
           Country
           like
           some
           of
           his
           predecessors
           ,
           had
           not
           it
           been
           for
           the
           example
           of
           
             Iames
             Aubrey
          
           ,
           his
           great
           Unkle
           ;
           who
           by
           his
           Vertue
           ,
           his
           Knowledge
           and
           his
           Eloquence
           ,
           discharged
           the
           office
           of
           Advocate
           General
           to
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Paris
           ,
           was
           Lieutenant
           Civil
           of
           the
           Council
           to
           Henry
           the
           Second
           ,
           and
           his
           Ambassador
           Extraordinary
           to
           England
           ;
           where
           he
           concluded
           a
           Peace
           between
           Henry
           the
           Second
           ,
           and
           Edward
           the
           Sixth
           ;
           and
           left
           behind
           him
           the
           reputation
           of
           being
           the
           French
           Demosthenes
           and
           Cicero
           ,
           by
           that
           famous
           Plea
           which
           he
           made
           ,
           pursuant
           to
           an
           order
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           for
           the
           people
           of
           Cabrieres
           and
           Merindol
           ;
           and
           which
           Monsieur
           the
           Chancellor
           
             de
             Hopital
          
           admired
           so
           much
           ,
           that
           he
           has
           translated
           great
           part
           of
           it
           into
           Latin
           verse
           .
           My
           Father
           therefore
           thought
           ,
           that
           by
           his
           labour
           he
           might
           arrive
           to
           honourable
           employments
           ;
           and
           so
           well
           ordered
           the
           Talents
           which
           God
           had
           given
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           likewise
           was
           employed
           in
           Embassies
           ,
           and
           admitted
           to
           the
           Council
           of
           his
           Princes
           .
        
         
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           of
           Orange
           from
           his
           very
           childhood
           discovered
           the
           passionate
           desire
           he
           had
           to
           follow
           the
           glorious
           steps
           of
           his
           Father
           ;
           and
           took
           for
           the
           body
           of
           his
           Device
           the
           Trunk
           of
           a
           Tree
           ,
           cut
           off
           so
           as
           to
           seem
           about
           two
           foot
           high
           ,
           from
           whence
           there
           grew
           a
           vigorous
           Sprout
           ,
           which
           apparently
           would
           renew
           the
           noble
           Tree
           which
           had
           produced
           it
           ,
           with
           these
           words
           ,
           
             Tandem
             fit
             circulus
             arbor
             ,
             At
             last
             the
             Sprout
             becomes
             a
             Tree
             :
          
           To
           show
           that
           he
           would
           revive
           the
           glories
           of
           his
           Father
           .
        
         
           I
           do
           not
           pretend
           to
           represent
           the
           great
           Actions
           of
           this
           Prince
           in
           all
           the
           particulars
           ;
           I
           shan't
           say
           any
           thing
           that
           may
           be
           found
           in
           common
           Annals
           ,
           nor
           add
           to
           the
           number
           of
           those
           who
           transcribe
           other
           People
           ;
           my
           design
           is
           only
           to
           draw
           the
           Portraicture
           of
           his
           Person
           and
           his
           Manners
           ,
           to
           inform
           the
           World
           of
           some
           transactions
           of
           his
           Life
           which
           are
           not
           known
           ,
           and
           to
           set
           forth
           the
           causes
           of
           those
           great
           differences
           which
           hapned
           between
           him
           and
           Mr.
           Barneveld
           ;
           which
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           thought
           ,
           would
           have
           overturn'd
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           by
           an
           intestine
           division
           that
           has
           remained
           almost
           to
           this
           day
           ,
           and
           threaten'd
           its
           ruine
           if
           it
           had
           not
           been
           prevented
           .
        
         
           But
           before
           we
           come
           to
           these
           things
           ,
           it
           is
           necessary
           briefly
           to
           represent
           his
           principal
           Actions
           ,
           and
           to
           tell
           you
           ,
           That
           Prince
           Maurice
           had
           a
           great
           stock
           of
           Constancy
           and
           Courage
           from
           the
           17th
           year
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           called
           to
           the
           government
           of
           Affairs
           upon
           
           the
           decease
           of
           his
           Father
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           not
           cast
           down
           by
           that
           torrent
           of
           Success
           which
           attended
           
             Alexander
             Farnese
          
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           Governor
           and
           Captain
           General
           for
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           who
           had
           then
           taken
           
             Bruges
             ,
             Ghent
             ,
             Dendermond
             ,
             Deventer
             ,
             Nimeghen
             ,
          
           the
           Grave
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           many
           other
           places
           ,
           and
           even
           Antwerp
           it self
           ,
           (
           which
           was
           held
           for
           impregnable
           )
           by
           a
           Siege
           ,
           which
           was
           looked
           upon
           as
           a
           Miracle
           of
           the
           Age
           ;
           having
           stopped
           the
           River
           Schelde
           ,
           and
           repell'd
           the
           force
           of
           the
           Sea
           by
           a
           Dyke
           ,
           which
           was
           then
           held
           as
           a
           thing
           impossible
           ,
           and
           which
           afterwards
           set
           an
           Example
           for
           undertaking
           the
           same
           thing
           at
           Rochel
           .
           Prince
           Maurice
           was
           not
           more
           disturbed
           by
           the
           confusion
           and
           disorder
           that
           had
           reigned
           for
           a
           long
           time
           in
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           occasioned
           by
           the
           haughty
           conduct
           of
           
             Robert
             Dudley
          
           Earl
           of
           Leicester
           ,
           Captain
           General
           for
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           in
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           whose
           insupportable
           Pride
           ,
           and
           unmeasurable
           Ambition
           ,
           did
           them
           more
           prejudice
           than
           the
           Sums
           of
           Money
           which
           he
           brought
           ,
           and
           the
           Troops
           which
           he
           commanded
           ,
           ever
           contributed
           to
           their
           Service
           ;
           for
           four
           entire
           years
           the
           States
           were
           reduced
           to
           strange
           Extremities
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           was
           thought
           impossible
           for
           this
           young
           Prince
           to
           rid
           himself
           of
           so
           great
           Difficulties
           ;
           and
           to
           cure
           those
           Evils
           which
           were
           occasioned
           by
           the
           Intrigues
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           the
           Treachery
           of
           some
           of
           the
           Earl
           of
           Leicester's
           Dependants
           ;
           who
           ,
           after
           their
           return
           into
           England
           ,
           sold
           the
           most
           important
           
           places
           to
           the
           Spaniards
           .
           To
           be
           short
           ,
           as
           the
           Affairs
           of
           this
           World
           do
           not
           always
           continue
           in
           the
           same
           posture
           ,
           and
           are
           subject
           to
           a
           perpetual
           change
           ,
           so
           that
           good
           Fortune
           ,
           which
           till
           then
           had
           favoured
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           in
           all
           his
           Enterprizes
           ,
           of
           a
           sudden
           came
           over
           to
           the
           Party
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ;
           for
           the
           Spanish
           Navy
           ,
           which
           they
           had
           entitled
           
             The
             Invincible
          
           ,
           and
           was
           designed
           to
           swallow
           up
           England
           ,
           and
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           was
           destroyed
           in
           the
           year
           1588.
           by
           the
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           good
           fortune
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ;
           the
           third
           part
           of
           so
           great
           a
           Navy
           scarce
           returning
           into
           the
           Spanish
           Havens
           ,
           after
           having
           undergone
           incredible
           dangers
           upon
           the
           Coasts
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           ,
           and
           Ireland
           ;
           and
           this
           inestimable
           loss
           was
           accompanied
           with
           the
           mortification
           which
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           received
           before
           
             Berghen
             ap-zoom
          
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           besieged
           ;
           Prince
           Maurice
           having
           forced
           him
           to
           quit
           his
           Enterprize
           ,
           with
           the
           entire
           ruine
           of
           his
           Reputation
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           Success
           the
           Prince
           ,
           for
           the
           course
           of
           20
           years
           ,
           to
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Truce
           ,
           had
           fortune
           still
           so
           favourable
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           conquered
           38
           or
           40
           Towns
           ,
           and
           more
           Fortresses
           ,
           and
           defied
           the
           Spaniards
           in
           open
           Field
           at
           three
           signal
           Battels
           :
           besides
           ,
           he
           obtained
           several
           great
           Victories
           at
           Sea
           ,
           as
           well
           upon
           the
           Coast
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           as
           upon
           that
           of
           Spain
           and
           the
           Indies
           ,
           by
           the
           Valor
           of
           his
           Lieutenants
           and
           Vice-admirals
           .
        
         
         
           But
           nothing
           gained
           him
           so
           much
           Reputation
           ,
           as
           the
           happy
           Surprizal
           of
           the
           Town
           and
           Castle
           of
           Breda
           ,
           which
           belonged
           to
           his
           own
           Propriety
           .
           He
           made
           himself
           Master
           of
           it
           in
           1590
           ,
           by
           the
           stratagem
           of
           a
           Boat
           of
           Turfs
           ,
           without
           any
           effusion
           of
           Blood
           ,
           or
           losing
           so
           much
           as
           one
           Soldier
           upon
           so
           important
           an
           occasion
           ;
           and
           since
           this
           remarkable
           Action
           has
           made
           so
           great
           a
           noise
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           it
           may
           not
           be
           unnecessary
           to
           give
           some
           account
           of
           it
           ,
           in
           as
           brief
           terms
           as
           possible
           .
        
         
           A
           Boatman
           ,
           called
           
             Adrian
             Bergues
          
           ,
           who
           furnished
           the
           Garison
           of
           Breda
           with
           Turfs
           ,
           being
           discontented
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           proposed
           a
           way
           to
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           how
           to
           surprize
           the
           place
           ,
           by
           placing
           some
           Soldiers
           in
           the
           bottom
           of
           his
           Boat.
           The
           Prince
           seeing
           the
           probability
           of
           the
           matter
           ,
           gave
           the
           management
           of
           this
           great
           design
           to
           
             Charles
             de
             Heraugiere
          
           ,
           a
           Walloon
           Gentleman
           ,
           Native
           of
           Cambray
           ,
           Captain
           of
           Foot
           in
           his
           Guards
           ,
           reputed
           a
           Man
           of
           Bravery
           and
           Conduct
           .
           As
           soon
           as
           he
           received
           this
           Order
           ,
           he
           made
           choice
           of
           70
           Soldiers
           out
           of
           several
           Companies
           ,
           and
           some
           Commanders
           ,
           whose
           Courage
           had
           been
           tryed
           .
           These
           he
           put
           at
           the
           bottom
           of
           the
           Boat
           ,
           where
           they
           were
           placed
           very
           uneasily
           ,
           as
           being
           forced
           either
           to
           lie
           down
           or
           stoop
           ,
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Boat
           being
           filled
           up
           with
           Turfs
           to
           a
           very
           great
           height
           .
           It
           was
           extreme
           cold
           weather
           ;
           besides
           ,
           they
           were
           up
           to
           the
           knees
           in
           water
           ,
           which
           came
           in
           by
           a
           leak
           ,
           which
           at
           
           last
           they
           fortunately
           stopped
           .
           The
           excessive
           cold
           made
           them
           cough
           very
           much
           ,
           but
           above
           all
           ,
           
             Matthew
             Helt
          
           ,
           a
           Lieutenant
           ,
           (
           whose
           name
           ought
           to
           be
           remembred
           here
           in
           testimony
           of
           the
           Courage
           he
           shew'd
           upon
           this
           occasion
           )
           not
           being
           able
           to
           hinder
           himself
           from
           coughing
           as
           they
           came
           near
           to
           the
           Castle
           ,
           drew
           his
           Sword
           ,
           and
           desired
           his
           Comrades
           to
           kill
           him
           ,
           that
           the
           Enterprize
           might
           not
           fail
           ,
           and
           he
           become
           the
           cause
           of
           their
           ruine
           ;
           but
           the
           Boatman
           hindred
           him
           from
           being
           heard
           ,
           by
           often
           pumping
           ,
           as
           if
           his
           Boat
           had
           took
           water
           .
        
         
           The
           Garrison
           ,
           consisting
           of
           Italians
           ,
           wanted
           Firing
           ,
           the
           Soldiers
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           Ice
           ,
           helped
           to
           draw
           the
           Boat
           by
           a
           Sluce
           within
           the
           walls
           of
           the
           Castle
           ,
           as
           the
           Trojans
           brought
           the
           wooden
           Horse
           into
           their
           City
           ;
           which
           gave
           occasion
           to
           the
           Poets
           of
           the
           time
           ,
           to
           compare
           the
           taking
           of
           Breda
           to
           that
           of
           Troy
           ;
           but
           withal
           remarking
           this
           difference
           ,
           that
           the
           Horse
           made
           the
           Enemies
           Masters
           of
           Troy
           ,
           from
           whence
           proceeded
           its
           ruine
           ,
           whereas
           this
           Boat
           put
           the
           right
           Lord
           into
           possession
           of
           Breda
           ,
           who
           thereupon
           caused
           it
           immediately
           to
           flourish
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           having
           spread
           the
           report
           that
           he
           had
           a
           design
           upon
           Gertrudemberg
           ,
           made
           the
           Surprizal
           of
           Breda
           become
           more
           easie
           ;
           for
           
             Edward
             Lanza
             vechia
          
           ,
           who
           was
           Governor
           of
           both
           places
           ,
           ran
           to
           that
           which
           he
           thought
           was
           most
           in
           danger
           .
           So
           the
           Castle
           being
           without
           a
           Commander
           was
           easily
           carried
           .
           As
           soon
           as
           Heraugiere
           had
           made
           himself
           Master
           
           of
           it
           by
           the
           death
           of
           40
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           attended
           by
           the
           Counts
           
             de
             Hohenlo
          
           and
           
             Solmes
             ,
             Francis
             Vere
          
           the
           General
           of
           the
           
             English
             ,
             Iustin
          
           of
           Nassau
           the
           Admiral
           ,
           and
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Famars
          
           General
           of
           the
           Artillery
           ,
           being
           entred
           into
           the
           Castle
           with
           several
           of
           his
           Troops
           ,
           was
           afterwards
           received
           into
           the
           Town
           ,
           whence
           the
           Italian
           Garrison
           ,
           which
           ,
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           consisted
           of
           Horse
           ,
           ran
           ,
           with
           full
           speed
           ,
           by
           the
           way
           of
           Antwerp
           .
        
         
           Heraugiere
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Justice
           ,
           was
           made
           Governor
           of
           Breda
           ,
           and
           
             Lambert
             Charles
          
           a
           French
           Man
           ,
           a
           brave
           Soldier
           of
           Fortune
           ,
           was
           made
           Serjeant
           Major
           :
           I
           saw
           him
           afterwards
           when
           he
           was
           Governor
           of
           Nimeguen
           .
           There
           were
           Medals
           stamped
           upon
           so
           considerable
           an
           occasion
           ,
           which
           had
           these
           words
           upon
           one
           side
           ,
        
         
           Breda
           
             à
             Servitute
          
           Hispanica
           
             vindicata
             ductu
             Principis
          
           Mauricii
           à
           NASSAU
           .
           4
           Martii
           1590.
           
        
         
           Breda
           delivered
           from
           the
           Spanish
           Yoke
           ,
           by
           the
           conduct
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           of
           
             NASSAU
             .
             March
          
           4.
           1590.
           
        
         
           And
           upon
           the
           Reverse
           was
           represented
           a
           Boat
           ,
           with
           these
           words
           ,
        
         
           
             Parati
             vincere
             aut
             mori
          
           ,
           prepared
           to
           overcome
           or
           dye
           .
        
         
         
           One
           of
           these
           Medals
           was
           given
           to
           each
           of
           the
           Soldiers
           in
           the
           Boat
           ,
           as
           likewise
           a
           Sum
           of
           Money
           ,
           with
           the
           promise
           of
           future
           advancement
           ;
           
             Adrian
             de
             Bergues
          
           the
           Boatman
           had
           likewise
           a
           Medal
           ,
           and
           was
           rewarded
           with
           a
           very
           large
           Pension
           .
        
         
           This
           Surprizal
           may
           occasion
           this
           necessary
           Reflection
           ,
           That
           ye
           ought
           never
           to
           trust
           the
           guard
           of
           two
           Frontier
           places
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           one
           only
           Governor
           ,
           who
           has
           but
           too
           much
           trouble
           to
           preserve
           his
           own
           Government
           from
           the
           neighbouring
           Enemy
           ,
           whose
           mind
           is
           always
           intent
           ,
           and
           his
           eyes
           open
           ,
           for
           some
           opportunity
           to
           be
           able
           to
           surprize
           him
           .
        
         
           The
           taking
           of
           Hulst
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           was
           a
           very
           considerable
           Action
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           Gertrudemberg
           much
           more
           so
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           a
           long
           and
           difficult
           siege
           ,
           in
           sight
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Army
           ,
           consisting
           of
           30000
           Men
           ,
           commanded
           by
           the
           old
           Count
           
             Peter
             Ernest
             of
             Mansfeldt
          
           ,
           in
           the
           absence
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           in
           France
           ,
           with
           Succors
           for
           the
           League
           :
           This
           old
           General
           could
           never
           force
           the
           young
           Prince
           in
           his
           own
           Lines
           ,
           nor
           oblige
           him
           to
           come
           out
           of
           them
           ,
           though
           he
           presented
           him
           battle
           each
           day
           continually
           ;
           so
           that
           when
           Count
           Mansfeldt
           said
           one
           day
           to
           a
           Trumpeter
           whom
           P.
           Maurice
           had
           sent
           him
           ,
           That
           he
           admired
           his
           Master
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           young
           Prince
           ,
           full
           of
           heat
           and
           courage
           ,
           would
           always
           contain
           himself
           within
           the
           covert
           of
           his
           own
           retrenchments
           ;
           the
           Trumpeter
           answered
           him
           ,
           That
           his
           Excellency
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           was
           a
           young
           Prince
           ,
           
           who
           desired
           to
           become
           one
           day
           such
           an
           old
           and
           experienced
           General
           ,
           as
           his
           Excellency
           of
           Mansfeldt
           was
           at
           present
           .
        
         
           The
           year
           following
           he
           took
           the
           great
           and
           famous
           Town
           of
           Groninghen
           ,
           Capital
           of
           the
           Province
           ;
           he
           likewise
           took
           ,
           and
           retook
           Rimbergues
           ,
           and
           seized
           upon
           Maeurs
           ,
           and
           the
           Grave
           ,
           Towns
           belonging
           to
           his
           own
           Patrimony
           ;
           having
           by
           the
           death
           of
           several
           Spaniards
           revenged
           the
           public
           injuries
           and
           those
           of
           his
           Private
           Family
           .
        
         
           The
           Reputation
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           was
           very
           much
           increased
           ,
           by
           the
           long
           and
           memorable
           defence
           of
           Ostend
           ,
           where
           the
           Spaniards
           having
           lost
           more
           than
           Threescore
           Thousand
           Men
           ,
           in
           a
           Siege
           that
           continued
           above
           3
           Years
           ,
           and
           exhausted
           their
           Treasures
           by
           the
           expence
           of
           above
           two
           Millions
           ,
           at
           last
           became
           Masters
           of
           a
           bit
           of
           ground
           which
           might
           seem
           to
           be
           a
           burying
           place
           rather
           than
           a
           City
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           time
           of
           this
           loss
           Prince
           Maurice
           was
           so
           happy
           and
           diligent
           ,
           that
           to
           return
           it
           with
           Usury
           ,
           in
           a
           few
           days
           he
           seized
           upon
           the
           Town
           of
           Sluise
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           which
           was
           of
           more
           consequence
           than
           Ostend
           ,
           that
           had
           cost
           so
           many
           Men
           ,
           so
           much
           Time
           ,
           and
           so
           vast
           a
           Treasure
           ;
           upon
           which
           Theophilus
           says
           very
           well
           in
           the
           Ode
           he
           made
           for
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
           
             
             
               Much
               time
               ,
               and
               many
               years
               the
               Spaniards
               spend
            
             
               Before
               their
               Forces
               gain
               Ostend
               .
            
             
               But
               ,
               Sir
               ,
               when
               you
               resolve
               to
               seize
               a
               Town
               ,
            
             
               Few
               Days
               suffice
               to
               beat
               its
               Bulwarks
               down
               .
            
             
               Each
               Day
               of
               yours
               much
               more
               importance
               bears
               .
            
             
               Than
               all
               that
               space
               of
               time
               ,
               which
               mortal
               Men
               call
               Years
               .
            
          
        
         
           This
           Ode
           did
           not
           displease
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           and
           tho
           he
           was
           naturally
           an
           Enemy
           to
           Flattery
           ,
           and
           Vain
           glory
           ,
           yet
           he
           recompenced
           this
           Poet
           with
           a
           Chain
           of
           Gold
           ,
           and
           his
           Medal
           ,
           to
           a
           very
           great
           value
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           Prince
           showed
           at
           the
           battle
           of
           Newport
           ,
           where
           he
           overcame
           the
           Arch-Duke
           Albert
           ,
           that
           he
           knew
           as
           well
           how
           to
           defeat
           a
           numerous
           and
           well
           appointed
           Army
           in
           open
           field
           ,
           as
           to
           defend
           places
           ,
           or
           else
           to
           force
           and
           surprize
           them
           .
           The
           Arch-Duke
           ,
           and
           the
           Duke
           d'Aumale
           were
           wounded
           in
           the
           fight
           ,
           
             Francis
             Mendoza
          
           Admiral
           of
           
             Arragon
             ,
             Maister
             de
             Campe
          
           ,
           was
           taken
           Prisoner
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           many
           other
           Commanders
           ,
           and
           even
           the
           Arch-Dukes
           Pages
           ,
           whom
           Prince
           Maurice
           sent
           him
           back
           very
           civ●…illy
           ,
           without
           any
           Ransom
           .
           All
           the
           Cannon
           ,
           the
           Baggage
           ,
           and
           above
           100
           Cornets
           and
           Colors
           ,
           remained
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           who
           saw
           above
           6000
           Enemies
           dead
           upon
           the
           place
           ,
           and
           had
           all
           other
           marks
           of
           a
           full
           and
           entire
           Victory
           ;
           which
           made
           several
           People
           say
           ,
           
           because
           this
           great
           Success
           happened
           upon
           the
           2d
           day
           of
           Iuly
           ,
           that
           the
           Fortune
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Nassau
           was
           changed
           ,
           seeing
           that
           300
           years
           before
           ,
           upon
           the
           same
           day
           of
           Iuly
           ,
           the
           Emperor
           Adolphus
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           had
           lost
           his
           Life
           and
           Empire
           near
           Spire
           ,
           in
           a
           Battle
           against
           Albert
           of
           Austria
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           same
           day
           Maurice
           had
           revenged
           the
           disgrace
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           ,
           by
           the
           defeat
           of
           the
           Arch-Duke
           Albert
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           Descendant
           from
           the
           former
           Albert
           of
           Austria
           .
        
         
           A
           little
           before
           the
           fight
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           dispute
           of
           Honor
           ,
           between
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           and
           Prince
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           his
           younger
           Brother
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           but
           17
           Years
           old
           ;
           for
           when
           the
           Elder
           desired
           him
           to
           retire
           into
           some
           place
           of
           Safety
           ,
           that
           in
           case
           of
           any
           misfortune
           ,
           he
           might
           defend
           his
           Family
           ,
           and
           his
           Country
           ;
           Prince
           Henry
           being
           offended
           ,
           said
           ,
           he
           would
           run
           the
           same
           fortune
           with
           himself
           ,
           and
           live
           or
           dye
           by
           him
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           showed
           that
           no
           ill
           success
           could
           daunt
           his
           courage
           ,
           for
           the
           Resolution
           he
           had
           taken
           to
           give
           Battle
           ,
           was
           not
           altered
           notwithstanding
           that
           the
           night
           before
           the
           Arch-Duke
           had
           defeated
           the
           Count
           Ernest
           ,
           whom
           the
           Prince
           had
           sent
           to
           seize
           a
           pass
           ,
           with
           2
           Regiments
           of
           Foot
           ,
           and
           4
           Troops
           of
           Horse
           ,
           that
           were
           all
           cut
           off
           ,
           and
           several
           Colors
           ,
           with
           2
           pieces
           of
           Cannon
           taken
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           remarkable
           that
           the
           Prince
           ,
           to
           take
           away
           from
           his
           Army
           all
           hopes
           of
           a
           retreat
           ,
           and
           to
           show
           his
           Men
           that
           they
           had
           nothing
           
           to
           trust
           to
           ,
           but
           their
           Arms
           ,
           made
           all
           those
           Vessels
           that
           brought
           them
           into
           Flanders
           to
           be
           sent
           away
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           was
           much
           commended
           by
           the
           Admiral
           of
           Arragon
           ,
           as
           the
           thing
           which
           had
           gained
           him
           the
           Victory
           by
           ,
           the
           necessity
           that
           was
           laid
           upon
           his
           Soldiers
           to
           fight
           boldly
           ,
           as
           having
           no
           prospect
           of
           Life
           but
           in
           the
           defeat
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ;
           so
           he
           told
           his
           Men
           before
           the
           fight
           ,
           that
           they
           must
           either
           overcome
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           or
           drink
           up
           all
           the
           water
           in
           the
           Sea.
           There
           came
           out
           at
           that
           time
           a
           magnificent
           Inscription
           upon
           this
           Battle
           ,
           in
           honor
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           which
           is
           this
           .
        
         
           
             Anno
             1600
             secunda
             die
             Iulij
             ,
             Mauricius
             Aransionensium
             Princeps
             in
             Flandriam
             terram
             hospitem
             traducto
             exercitu
             cum
             Alberto
             Archiduce
             Austriae
             conflixit
             ,
             copias
             ejus
             cecidit
             ,
             Duces
             multos
             primumque
             Mendosam
             coepit
             ,
             reversus
             ad
             suos
             victor
             signa
             hostium
             centum
             quinque
             in
             Hagiensi
             Capitolio
             suspendit
             Deo
             Bellatori
             .
          
        
         
           
             In
             the
             year
             1600
             ,
             the
          
           2d
           
             day
             of
          
           July
           ,
           Maurice
           
             Prince
             of
          
           Orange
           ,
           
             having
             brought
             his
             Army
             into
          
           Flanders
           ,
           
             then
             possessed
             by
             his
             Enemy
             ,
             fought
             with
          
           Albert
           
             Arch-Duke
             of
          
           Austria
           ,
           
             slew
             his
             Forces
             ,
             took
             several
             Commanders
             ,
             and
             especially
          
           Mendoza
           ,
           
             then
             returning
             Conqueror
             to
             his
             Country
             ,
             he
             hung
             up
             105
             of
             the
             Enemies
             Colors
             ,
             in
             the
             Councel
             House
             at
             the
          
           Hague
           ,
           
             to
             the
             Honor
             of
             God
             the
             Disposer
             of
             Victory
             .
          
        
         
         
           This
           was
           not
           his
           first
           Essay
           of
           a
           Field
           Battle
           ,
           for
           otherwise
           he
           might
           have
           passed
           for
           one
           ,
           that
           was
           good
           only
           at
           the
           taking
           of
           Towns
           ,
           but
           he
           had
           long
           before
           forced
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           to
           raise
           the
           Seige
           of
           Knotsemburg
           ,
           over
           against
           Nimiguen
           ,
           having
           defeated
           7
           Troops
           of
           his
           best
           Cavalry
           ;
           a
           disgrace
           which
           the
           Duke
           lessen'd
           ,
           by
           the
           necessity
           laid
           upon
           him
           ,
           by
           Orders
           from
           Spain
           ,
           to
           go
           and
           succor
           Roan
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1594
           ,
           he
           had
           likewise
           at
           the
           Battle
           of
           Tournhout
           ,
           defeated
           and
           slain
           the
           Lord
           
             de
             Balancon
          
           ,
           Count
           
             de
             Varax
          
           ,
           General
           of
           the
           Artillery
           of
           Spain
           ,
           who
           commanded
           a
           body
           of
           6000
           Foot
           ,
           and
           600
           Horse
           ,
           of
           which
           ,
           besides
           the
           General
           ,
           above
           2000
           were
           left
           upon
           the
           place
           ,
           with
           several
           Prisoners
           of
           Note
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           ,
           a
           Count
           of
           Mansfeldt
           was
           one
           ;
           there
           were
           38
           Ensigns
           taken
           ,
           with
           the
           Cornet
           of
           
             Alonzo
             de
             Mondragon
          
           ,
           which
           were
           all
           hung
           up
           in
           the
           great
           Hall
           of
           the
           Castle
           at
           the
           Hague
           ,
           for
           a
           perpetual
           Memorial
           .
        
         
           And
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ,
           I
           shall
           here
           relate
           ,
           how
           an
           Ambassador
           of
           Poland
           ,
           being
           come
           from
           King
           Sigismond
           ,
           to
           exhort
           the
           States
           General
           to
           reconcile
           themselves
           to
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           whose
           Power
           he
           magnified
           so
           far
           ,
           as
           that
           sooner
           or
           later
           it
           would
           entirely
           subdue
           them
           ,
           and
           speaking
           as
           if
           he
           would
           frighten
           them
           with
           lofty
           words
           ,
           full
           of
           Vanity
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           Eloquence
           of
           his
           Nation
           :
           Count
           Maurice
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           
           present
           at
           this
           Harrangue
           ,
           upon
           his
           going
           out
           of
           the
           Assembly
           ,
           led
           the
           Ambassador
           into
           this
           Hall
           ,
           where
           he
           show'd
           him
           all
           the
           Colors
           and
           Cornets
           ,
           taken
           from
           the
           Spaniards
           at
           Knotsemburg
           ,
           and
           Turnholt
           ,
           and
           without
           using
           many
           words
           ,
           let
           him
           understand
           ,
           that
           in
           reality
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           was
           not
           altogether
           so
           invincible
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           Prince
           Maurice
           was
           victorious
           at
           Land
           ,
           so
           he
           was
           not
           less
           successful
           at
           Sea
           ,
           having
           always
           got
           great
           Advantages
           over
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           by
           the
           Conduct
           of
           his
           Vice-Admirals
           .
        
         
           They
           were
           assisting
           to
           the
           ruine
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Flota
           ,
           stiled
           the
           Invincible
           ,
           and
           brought
           several
           of
           the
           Galeons
           into
           Zealand
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1596
           ,
           
             Iohn
             de
             Duvenvorde
          
           ,
           Lord
           of
           Varmont
           ,
           contributed
           his
           help
           to
           the
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           ,
           in
           taking
           the
           Town
           of
           Cales
           ,
           and
           burning
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           ,
           for
           which
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           returned
           thanks
           to
           the
           said
           Sieur
           
             de
             Varmont
          
           ,
           by
           a
           very
           obliging
           Letter
           ,
           which
           extreamly
           commends
           his
           Bravery
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1599
           ,
           the
           Vice-Admiral
           
             Peter
             Vanderdoes
          
           ,
           seized
           upon
           Allagona
           ,
           Capital
           of
           the
           
             Canary
             Islands
          
           ,
           where
           he
           forced
           the
           Spaniards
           to
           fly
           into
           the
           Mountains
           ,
           and
           followed
           them
           even
           thither
           ,
           and
           then
           having
           sacked
           and
           burnt
           the
           place
           ,
           returned
           victorious
           to
           his
           own
           Country
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1603
           ,
           
             Don
             Frederick
             Spinola
          
           ,
           not
           being
           able
           to
           endure
           that
           these
           Vessels
           of
           Zealand
           should
           always
           lye
           before
           the
           Haven
           
           of
           Sluise
           ,
           went
           out
           ,
           with
           8
           Gallies
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Vessels
           of
           War
           to
           chase
           'em
           thence
           ;
           He
           was
           slain
           in
           the
           fight
           ,
           and
           his
           Fleet
           so
           ill
           handled
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           constrained
           to
           retreat
           into
           Sluise
           with
           a
           considerable
           loss
           :
           not
           to
           mention
           here
           a
           great
           many
           other
           considerable
           advantages
           obtained
           in
           the
           Indies
           ,
           and
           diverse
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           over
           the
           Vessels
           of
           the
           Castilians
           ,
           and
           the
           Portugueses
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           what
           I
           shall
           say
           in
           general
           of
           this
           great
           Prince
           ,
           only
           adding
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           year
           1622
           ,
           the
           Truce
           of
           12
           years
           being
           expired
           ,
           and
           the
           Marquess
           
             Ambrose
             Spinola
          
           ,
           having
           besieged
           
             Berghen
             ap
             Zoom
          
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Forces
           of
           Spain
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           made
           him
           raise
           the
           Siege
           ,
           being
           assisted
           by
           Count
           Ernest
           of
           Mansfeldt
           ,
           and
           Christian
           Duke
           of
           Brunswick
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           expresly
           sent
           for
           out
           of
           Germany
           .
           These
           Generals
           had
           taken
           Arms
           in
           favor
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Bohemia
           ,
           and
           passing
           through
           Brabant
           ,
           had
           defeated
           at
           Fleuru
           ,
           (
           if
           my
           memory
           does
           not
           fail
           me
           )
           
             Don
             Gonsalvo
          
           of
           Corduba
           ,
           who
           was
           sent
           to
           oppose
           their
           passage
           :
           In
           the
           fight
           the
           Duke
           of
           Brunswick
           had
           an
           Arm
           cut
           off
           as
           he
           was
           forcing
           a
           Barricade
           ,
           which
           obliged
           him
           to
           wear
           one
           of
           Silver
           ,
           which
           I
           myself
           have
           seen
           .
        
         
           There
           was
           great
           rejoycing
           through
           all
           the
           United
           Provinces
           for
           this
           happy
           Victory
           ,
           public
           Thanksgivings
           were
           ordered
           to
           be
           made
           in
           every
           Town
           ,
           where
           there
           were
           such
           prodigious
           Bonfires
           ,
           that
           they
           seemed
           to
           be
           all
           on
           fire
           .
           So
           this
           Count
           of
           Mansfeldt
           ,
           
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Brunswick
           contributed
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange's
           Glory
           ,
           which
           seemed
           to
           have
           been
           decay'd
           and
           worn
           out
           of
           Mens
           minds
           by
           so
           long
           a
           Truce
           ,
           but
           was
           renewed
           and
           revived
           throughout
           the
           whole
           World
           ,
           by
           so
           illustrious
           an
           Action
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           that
           here
           there
           has
           been
           occasion
           to
           speak
           of
           these
           two
           Men
           ,
           who
           in
           their
           time
           were
           the
           scourges
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           it
           may
           not
           be
           amiss
           to
           let
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           rest
           a
           little
           ,
           and
           to
           relate
           what
           I
           know
           of
           their
           manner
           of
           Proceedings
           ,
           and
           their
           Principal
           Encounters
           .
        
         
           This
           Count
           Ernest
           was
           a
           Bastard
           of
           the
           famous
           House
           of
           Mansfeldt
           ,
           which
           has
           produced
           great
           Generals
           ;
           he
           was
           a
           Man
           so
           subtile
           and
           cunning
           ,
           that
           some
           have
           rightly
           stiled
           him
           
             Ulysses
             Germanicus
          
           ,
           or
           the
           
             German
             Ulysses
          
           .
           He
           was
           so
           bold
           ,
           as
           to
           maintain
           the
           Quarrels
           of
           the
           Elector
           Palatine
           ,
           elected
           King
           of
           Bohemia
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Constancy
           and
           Resolution
           ,
           against
           the
           Family
           of
           Austria
           ;
           He
           had
           several
           successes
           both
           unfortunate
           and
           happy
           ;
           at
           last
           being
           called
           into
           Holland
           to
           the
           succor
           of
           
             Berghen
             ap
             Zoom
          
           ,
           I
           remember
           that
           I
           saw
           him
           there
           ;
           he
           was
           then
           about
           50
           years
           old
           ,
           fair
           ,
           much
           wrinkled
           ,
           of
           a
           good
           stature
           ,
           but
           a
           little
           stooping
           ;
           He
           always
           wore
           a
           gray
           Hat
           ,
           without
           a
           Hatband
           ,
           and
           said
           that
           he
           would
           never
           put
           it
           off
           till
           he
           had
           made
           his
           Fortune
           ,
           which
           I
           myself
           have
           heard
           him
           speak
           .
           France
           ,
           that
           too
           late
           understood
           its
           true
           Interest
           ,
           (
           for
           it
           had
           unadvisedly
           sacrificed
           the
           Elector
           
           Palatine
           to
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           ,
           as
           I
           shall
           more
           fully
           relate
           hereafter
           )
           assisted
           him
           with
           a
           Sum
           of
           Money
           ,
           which
           my
           Father
           paid
           him
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           succor
           of
           4000
           Foot
           ,
           under
           the
           conduct
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Mantereau
          
           ,
           who
           had
           his
           Winter
           Quarters
           in
           East
           Frizeland
           ,
           beyond
           the
           River
           Ems
           ,
           with
           the
           Troops
           of
           Count
           Mansfeldt
           .
        
         
           This
           New
           Attila
           afterwards
           ravaged
           the
           lower
           Saxony
           ,
           from
           whence
           being
           chaced
           by
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Tilly
          
           the
           Emperors
           General
           ,
           he
           marched
           through
           the
           Country
           of
           Brandendurg
           into
           Silesia
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           some
           fortunate
           Successes
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           at
           last
           retired
           to
           
             Bethlem
             Gabor
          
           Prince
           of
           Transylvania
           .
           A
           little
           after
           ,
           as
           this
           unquiet
           Spirit
           ,
           fruitful
           in
           new
           Expeditions
           ,
           was
           going
           to
           Venice
           ,
           to
           propose
           some
           League
           ,
           passing
           through
           Bosnia
           in
           November
           1626
           ,
           he
           was
           taken
           with
           a
           violent
           pain
           in
           his
           Bowels
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           died
           ,
           not
           without
           suspition
           of
           Poyson
           ,
           and
           was
           buried
           at
           Spalatro
           .
           He
           was
           a
           man
           of
           great
           Courage
           ,
           who
           run
           through
           and
           ravaged
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           Germany
           ,
           having
           spread
           the
           terror
           of
           himself
           both
           within
           and
           without
           the
           Empire
           ,
           and
           so
           frightned
           Champaigne
           and
           Paris
           itself
           ,
           when
           Montpelier
           was
           besieged
           ,
           where
           the
           late
           King
           was
           then
           in
           Person
           ,
           that
           the
           most
           part
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           that
           great
           City
           ,
           seeing
           their
           King
           and
           his
           principal
           Forces
           upon
           the
           Confines
           of
           his
           Realm
           ,
           conveyed
           themselves
           ,
           with
           what
           they
           most
           esteemed
           to
           the
           City
           of
           Orleans
           ,
           to
           avoid
           a
           
           Fire
           which
           consumed
           all
           things
           that
           were
           found
           in
           its
           way
           :
           Some
           Blockheads
           of
           Paris
           being
           frightened
           with
           his
           approach
           ,
           commonly
           called
           him
           
             Bloody
             Bones
          
           ,
           and
           used
           his
           Name
           to
           frighten
           Children
           that
           were
           troublesome
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           Duke
           Christian
           of
           Brunswick
           ,
           he
           was
           of
           the
           illustrious
           and
           ancient
           House
           of
           Brunswick
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           richest
           and
           most
           powerful
           in
           all
           Germany
           ,
           which
           at
           present
           maintains
           Armies
           both
           within
           and
           without
           the
           Empire
           ,
           and
           which
           having
           conquered
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Bremen
           ,
           assists
           the
           Kings
           of
           Spain
           and
           Denmark
           ,
           the
           Hollanders
           and
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburg
           with
           its
           Forces
           .
           This
           Duke
           Christian
           was
           commonly
           called
           Halberstat
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           Bishop
           of
           that
           place
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           
             Dol
             Hartzoch
          
           ,
           which
           is
           as
           much
           as
           to
           say
           ,
           one
           that
           acts
           like
           a
           Madman
           .
           He
           was
           a
           Prince
           of
           good
           Mein
           ,
           and
           well
           made
           ;
           he
           was
           very
           brave
           ,
           but
           his
           Courage
           had
           something
           more
           of
           Brutishness
           than
           true
           Valor
           :
           for
           when
           he
           saw
           a
           Workman
           on
           the
           top
           of
           a
           Steeple
           ,
           he
           took
           no
           greater
           pleasure
           than
           to
           fetch
           him
           down
           with
           a
           Stone
           ,
           which
           in
           my
           time
           he
           did
           in
           Holland
           :
           He
           had
           a
           great
           Passion
           for
           the
           Queen
           of
           Bohemia
           ,
           from
           whom
           he
           had
           taken
           an
           English
           Glove
           ,
           which
           I
           saw
           him
           wear
           ,
           tied
           to
           a
           String
           in
           his
           Hat
           ,
           and
           hanging
           below
           the
           brims
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           Having
           raised
           an
           Army
           in
           Lower
           Saxony
           ,
           and
           not
           having
           wherewithal
           to
           pay
           it
           ,
           he
           turned
           a
           Statue
           of
           St.
           Liberius
           into
           Money
           ,
           
           which
           was
           much
           bigger
           than
           the
           Life
           ,
           and
           at
           that
           time
           in
           the
           Cathedral
           Church
           of
           Paderburn
           .
           This
           Saint
           Liberius
           had
           been
           Bishop
           of
           Mans.
           Such
           a
           beginning
           enticed
           him
           farther
           ,
           and
           knowing
           that
           at
           Munster
           there
           were
           12
           Apostles
           ,
           all
           of
           Silver
           ,
           of
           a
           prodigious
           bigness
           ;
           he
           went
           thither
           ,
           and
           seizing
           upon
           the
           place
           ,
           marched
           directly
           to
           the
           great
           Church
           called
           the
           Dome
           ,
           accompanied
           with
           all
           his
           Collonels
           and
           Captains
           ,
           made
           a
           Speech
           to
           these
           Apostles
           ,
           reproaching
           them
           with
           their
           Idleness
           and
           Disobedience
           ,
           in
           not
           observing
           the
           commands
           of
           their
           Master
           ,
           to
           go
           instantly
           through
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           in
           these
           words
           ,
           
             Go
             throughout
             all
             Nations
          
           ;
           swearing
           that
           he
           would
           make
           them
           Travellers
           ,
           and
           become
           obedient
           :
           So
           he
           immediately
           commanded
           to
           coin
           them
           into
           Rix
           Dollars
           ,
           with
           which
           he
           paid
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           so
           spread
           them
           throughout
           all
           Germany
           .
           He
           had
           taken
           this
           for
           his
           Device
           ,
           
             Gottes
             freindt
             ,
             und
             der
             Psaffen
             feint
             ,
          
           which
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           
             Friend
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             Enemy
             of
             Priests
             ,
          
           whom
           he
           slew
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           guelt
           them
           ,
           without
           any
           remission
           ;
           at
           last
           this
           outragious
           Spirit
           departed
           in
           1626
           ,
           at
           Wolfenbottle
           ,
           of
           a
           burning
           Fever
           in
           the
           prime
           of
           his
           Youth
           .
        
         
           After
           having
           raised
           the
           Seige
           of
           
             Berghen
             op
             Zoom
             ;
             Maurice
          
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           did
           nothing
           considerable
           besides
           the
           Project
           he
           laid
           for
           the
           surprize
           of
           Antwerp
           ,
           but
           Heaven
           and
           the
           Winds
           were
           opposite
           to
           his
           design
           ;
           he
           had
           given
           so
           good
           order
           for
           every
           thing
           ,
           the
           
           Undertaking
           was
           so
           well
           laid
           ,
           and
           he
           promised
           to
           himself
           such
           a
           happy
           Issue
           ,
           that
           he
           said
           that
           it
           was
           God
           alone
           that
           could
           hinder
           the
           Success
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           before
           he
           had
           resolved
           to
           ruine
           Mr.
           
             de
             Barneveld
          
           ,
           honored
           my
           Father
           with
           his
           esteem
           and
           confidence
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           he
           undertook
           his
           defence
           against
           those
           that
           had
           aspersed
           him
           ,
           as
           his
           elder
           Brother
           Prince
           Philip
           ,
           and
           his
           Princess
           had
           done
           before
           ;
           which
           was
           very
           well
           known
           to
           all
           those
           who
           were
           then
           in
           Holland
           ,
           and
           which
           appears
           evidently
           by
           a
           Letter
           which
           Prince
           Maurice
           writ
           to
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Villeroy
          
           ,
           after
           the
           Peace
           of
           Landau
           ,
           wherein
           he
           not
           only
           justifies
           my
           Fathers
           conduct
           ,
           but
           moreover
           tells
           him
           ,
           that
           the
           Court
           had
           no
           Person
           thereabouts
           ,
           who
           could
           serve
           France
           so
           much
           as
           my
           Father
           ,
           and
           that
           was
           so
           agreeable
           to
           him
           and
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           .
           The
           Letter
           is
           this
           .
        
         
           
             
               
                 SIR
                 ,
              
            
             
               AT
               my
               return
               from
               Zeland
               ,
               upon
               the
               instances
               that
               were
               made
               me
               by
               Monsieur
               
                 de
                 Maurier
              
               the
               Kings
               Ambassador
               ,
               for
               the
               Re-establishment
               of
               the
               French
               Officers
               in
               their
               Employments
               ,
               I
               used
               my
               endeavors
               for
               the
               satisfaction
               of
               their
               Majesties
               ,
               the
               States
               having
               taken
               the
               same
               Resolution
               ,
               their
               Act
               shall
               be
               executed
               ;
               I
               am
               very
               much
               pleased
               that
               the
               Troubles
               in
               your
               Kingdom
               have
               been
               so
               happily
               composed
               ,
               and
               particularly
               that
               your
               Labors
               have
               so
               well
               succeeded
               in
               it
               ,
               wishing
               that
               this
               
               repose
               may
               be
               of
               long
               continuance
               to
               the
               prosperity
               of
               their
               Majesties
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               thing
               that
               I
               desire
               :
               besides
               ,
               although
               the
               Care
               and
               Diligence
               which
               Monsieur
               Maurier
               has
               show'd
               in
               his
               faithful
               Execution
               of
               the
               Kings
               Commands
               ,
               may
               speak
               sufficiently
               for
               themselves
               ,
               yet
               I
               must
               render
               this
               Testimony
               to
               his
               Behavior
               ,
               that
               it
               has
               been
               such
               as
               has
               served
               their
               Majesties
               heartily
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               purpose
               ,
               without
               giving
               any
               one
               reason
               to
               complain
               ,
               having
               managed
               all
               his
               Actions
               ,
               which
               are
               very
               well
               known
               to
               us
               ,
               with
               Modesty
               ,
               Respect
               and
               Honor
               ,
               and
               thus
               much
               I
               can
               give
               you
               certain
               assurance
               of
               ;
               whereas
               if
               any
               other
               reports
               may
               be
               spread
               to
               his
               Prejudice
               ,
               they
               must
               do
               great
               injustice
               to
               his
               Conduct
               and
               Integrity
               :
               The
               States
               General
               and
               all
               of
               us
               ,
               are
               fully
               satisfied
               with
               his
               whole
               proceedings
               ,
               and
               think
               their
               Majesties
               cannot
               hereafter
               make
               use
               of
               any
               other
               Minister
               ,
               that
               will
               be
               more
               faithful
               and
               serviceable
               to
               themselves
               ,
               or
               more
               agreeable
               to
               this
               Commonwealth
               ,
               which
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               reason
               ,
               I
               must
               declare
               to
               be
               my
               own
               opinion
               ;
               and
               with
               that
               I
               shall
               conclude
               ,
               together
               with
               assurance
               of
               my
               desire
               to
               serve
               you
               ,
               and
               prayers
               to
               God
               to
               give
               you
               health
               and
               long
               life
               .
            
             
               
                 Sir
                 ,
              
               
                 your
                 very
                 affectionate
                 Servant
                 Maurice
                 of
                 Nassau
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           This
           Letter
           ,
           and
           several
           others
           of
           the
           same
           Strain
           ,
           which
           Madam
           the
           Princess
           Dowager
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           the
           principal
           Persons
           in
           the
           Country
           had
           writ
           to
           Court
           ,
           contradicted
           the
           Aspersions
           of
           several
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           ,
           who
           had
           assured
           the
           
             Queen
             Mother
          
           and
           her
           Ministers
           ,
           that
           my
           Father
           was
           disagreeable
           to
           the
           Prince
           and
           
             States
             General
          
           .
        
         
         
           In
           short
           ,
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           upon
           all
           occasions
           ,
           gave
           my
           Father
           very
           signal
           marks
           of
           his
           Esteem
           and
           Friendship
           ;
           so
           that
           in
           the
           Year
           1615
           ,
           having
           a
           Son
           born
           ,
           the
           Prince
           would
           be
           his
           Godfather
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           his
           own
           name
           of
           Maurice
           ,
           with
           a
           little
           Picture
           of
           a
           great
           value
           ,
           this
           is
           he
           who
           has
           been
           known
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Villaumaine
           ,
           and
           who
           having
           past
           all
           his
           Life
           in
           Holland
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           born
           ,
           arriv'd
           by
           40
           years
           Service
           and
           his
           own
           Merit
           ,
           without
           any
           favor
           ,
           to
           the
           command
           of
           Collonel
           ;
           He
           had
           a
           mortal
           aversion
           for
           this
           last
           war
           ,
           for
           he
           drew
           his
           extraction
           from
           France
           ,
           where
           his
           Family
           was
           established
           ;
           on
           the
           other
           side
           he
           saw
           himself
           obliged
           to
           defend
           the
           place
           of
           his
           Birth
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           all
           his
           effects
           ,
           and
           where
           he
           was
           at
           last
           arrived
           to
           an
           honorable
           Post
           ,
           by
           an
           extraordinary
           Patience
           :
           never
           Man
           had
           more
           true
           Friends
           than
           he
           ,
           and
           they
           of
           all
           Nations
           ,
           so
           that
           he
           gained
           the
           Esteem
           of
           all
           the
           considerable
           Frenchmen
           that
           had
           known
           him
           in
           Holland
           ,
           amongst
           others
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Beringhen
          
           ,
           chief
           Querry
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           of
           Mr.
           
             de
             St.
             Romain
          
           ,
           who
           was
           Ambassador
           in
           Portugal
           and
           Switzerland
           ;
           and
           towards
           his
           latter
           days
           ,
           of
           the
           Princess
           of
           Tarentum
           :
           He
           lived
           in
           great
           Esteem
           for
           his
           Valor
           and
           Fidelity
           ,
           and
           died
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           his
           Regiment
           in
           the
           Battle
           of
           Senef
           ,
           very
           much
           lamented
           by
           all
           that
           knew
           him
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           himself
           ,
           who
           placed
           a
           great
           Confidence
           in
           him
           .
           I
           hope
           I
           shall
           be
           pardoned
           for
           the
           tenderness
           I
           
           had
           for
           this
           only
           Brother
           that
           was
           left
           me
           ,
           which
           occasioned
           this
           digression
           .
        
         
           But
           let
           us
           now
           come
           to
           the
           description
           of
           Prince
           Maurice's
           Person
           and
           Manners
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           secrets
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           which
           have
           not
           hitherto
           been
           divulged
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           learnt
           them
           from
           my
           Father
           ,
           and
           several
           Noble
           Persons
           of
           that
           Country
           .
        
         
           This
           Prince
           was
           very
           strong
           ,
           and
           indefatigable
           in
           Labor
           ;
           he
           appeared
           lesser
           than
           he
           was
           ,
           by
           being
           full
           and
           fat
           ;
           his
           Face
           was
           plump
           and
           ruddy
           ,
           his
           Beard
           fair
           ,
           which
           he
           wore
           very
           large
           and
           broad
           ;
           he
           always
           made
           use
           of
           little
           pleated
           Ruffs
           about
           his
           Neck
           :
           He
           never
           clothed
           himself
           but
           after
           the
           same
           fashion
           ,
           with
           the
           same
           Stuff
           ,
           and
           that
           always
           of
           a
           sort
           of
           brown
           or
           musk
           color
           ;
           his
           Doublet
           was
           of
           Silk
           with
           Gold
           stripes
           ,
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Cloaths
           were
           Woollen
           ,
           but
           his
           Cloaks
           ,
           or
           long
           Coats
           ,
           were
           faced
           with
           Velvet
           ;
           I
           speak
           of
           his
           common
           Habit
           ,
           and
           not
           of
           those
           that
           were
           designed
           for
           great
           Feasts
           and
           public
           Assemblies
           .
           He
           often
           wore
           in
           his
           Hat
           a
           Band
           of
           Diamonds
           ,
           he
           was
           never
           without
           a
           Girdle
           ,
           to
           which
           was
           fastened
           a
           sort
           of
           Belt
           for
           his
           Sword
           ,
           that
           was
           gilt
           :
           I
           never
           saw
           him
           in
           any
           other
           Habit
           ,
           and
           yet
           I
           have
           minded
           him
           a
           thousand
           times
           ,
           at
           the
           French
           Church
           ,
           in
           the
           Castle
           at
           the
           Hague
           ,
           which
           heretofore
           was
           a
           Chappel
           for
           the
           Counts
           of
           Holland
           ,
           and
           often
           at
           my
           Fathers
           ,
           whither
           he
           used
           to
           come
           ,
           either
           to
           eat
           ,
           or
           play
           at
           Chess
           ,
           which
           was
           his
           chief
           diversion
           ;
           for
           during
           the
           
           Truce
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           not
           busy
           in
           war
           ,
           he
           often
           plaid
           at
           it
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           reason
           look'd
           upon
           such
           as
           did
           so
           .
           H
           ehad
           a
           great
           affection
           for
           Mr.
           
             de
             la
             Caze
          
           ,
           a
           brave
           Captain
           of
           Bearn
           ,
           whose
           Son
           served
           in
           the
           Troops
           of
           Holland
           ,
           and
           played
           very
           well
           at
           it
           .
           This
           Mr.
           
             de
             la
             Caze
          
           had
           no
           Revenue
           more
           certain
           ,
           than
           what
           he
           won
           of
           the
           Prince
           at
           this
           Play
           ,
           scarce
           ever
           parting
           from
           him
           without
           9
           or
           10
           Crowns
           of
           Gold
           ,
           which
           was
           worth
           more
           to
           him
           than
           his
           Company
           .
           They
           never
           plaid
           for
           above
           one
           at
           a
           time
           ,
           without
           ever
           doubling
           ,
           but
           
             la
             Caze
          
           that
           he
           might
           not
           dishearten
           the
           Prince
           ,
           would
           let
           him
           win
           one
           Game
           in
           three
           or
           four
           .
        
         
           This
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Caze
          
           has
           told
           my
           Father
           ,
           that
           the
           Prince
           would
           be
           very
           much
           vexed
           when
           he
           lost
           ,
           which
           happens
           even
           to
           the
           greatest
           Men
           ;
           and
           the
           reason
           is
           evident
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           their
           own
           fault
           if
           they
           lose
           ,
           for
           this
           Game
           does
           not
           depend
           at
           all
           upon
           chance
           ,
           but
           good
           conduct
           ;
           and
           't
           is
           very
           provoking
           to
           see
           ones
           self
           surpassed
           by
           others
           in
           Knowledge
           or
           Judgment
           .
           Monsieur
           
             de
             la
             Caze
          
           said
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           Prince
           had
           lost
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           late
           before
           they
           gave
           over
           Play
           ,
           the
           wax
           Lights
           being
           almost
           burnt
           out
           ,
           he
           would
           pull
           his
           Hat
           down
           over
           his
           Eyes
           without
           rising
           from
           his
           Seat
           ,
           or
           bidding
           him
           good
           Night
           ;
           but
           at
           such
           times
           as
           
             la
             Caze
          
           had
           let
           him
           win
           ,
           the
           Prince
           would
           be
           very
           pleasant
           ,
           conduct
           him
           on
           his
           way
           ,
           and
           command
           his
           Pages
           to
           light
           and
           wait
           upon
           him
           to
           his
           
           Lodgings
           ;
           Such
           particulars
           as
           these
           show
           the
           temper
           of
           People
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           greatest
           Men
           are
           not
           without
           their
           weaknesses
           .
           In
           relation
           to
           Chess
           ,
           Prince
           Philip
           of
           Orange
           told
           my
           Father
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           heard
           for
           certain
           in
           Spain
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           there
           a
           Prisoner
           ,
           that
           an
           old
           Spanish
           Lord
           having
           been
           winner
           all
           the
           Evening
           at
           this
           Play
           ,
           and
           continuing
           so
           good
           part
           of
           the
           Night
           with
           King
           Philip
           the
           2d
           ,
           without
           being
           so
           complaisant
           as
           to
           let
           him
           carry
           one
           Game
           ,
           and
           having
           remarked
           much
           disturbance
           in
           the
           Kings
           Countenance
           ,
           he
           told
           his
           Children
           upon
           his
           return
           home
           ,
           that
           he
           must
           depart
           the
           day
           following
           ,
           and
           never
           think
           of
           coming
           back
           to
           Court
           ,
           where
           there
           was
           nothing
           to
           be
           done
           or
           hoped
           for
           ,
           either
           for
           himself
           or
           them
           ,
           because
           he
           had
           beat
           the
           King
           at
           Chess
           all
           that
           Night
           ,
           and
           should
           never
           be
           forgiven
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           used
           to
           make
           himself
           very
           merry
           with
           us
           Frenchmen
           ,
           who
           to
           cloath
           themselves
           after
           the
           Fashion
           of
           those
           times
           ,
           wore
           slasht
           Doublets
           ,
           with
           one
           single
           Shirt
           ,
           which
           made
           those
           freeze
           that
           look'd
           upon
           them
           ,
           being
           so
           thin
           cloathed
           ,
           and
           shivering
           ,
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           Winter
           ,
           which
           is
           very
           long
           and
           sharp
           in
           Holland
           ;
           and
           as
           he
           was
           jesting
           one
           day
           upon
           them
           in
           a
           great
           Company
           ,
           one
           of
           these
           Gentlemen
           told
           him
           ,
           he
           had
           a
           way
           to
           deceive
           People
           ,
           for
           he
           had
           two
           Shirts
           on
           ,
           and
           that
           nothing
           was
           so
           warm
           as
           two
           Shirts
           ;
           the
           Prince
           was
           pleasant
           ,
           cried
           ,
           Lay
           a
           wager
           upon
           it
           ;
           to
           which
           the
           other
           replying
           ,
           That
           
           he
           knew
           nothing
           warmer
           than
           two
           Shirts
           ,
           Prince
           Maurice
           answered
           ,
           That
           undoubtedly
           three
           were
           warmer
           than
           two
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           weather
           was
           cold
           enough
           for
           him
           to
           make
           use
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           related
           to
           my
           Father
           ,
           that
           one
           Winter
           at
           the
           Hague
           ,
           when
           there
           was
           a
           great
           many
           German
           Princes
           of
           his
           Kindred
           there
           ,
           they
           met
           one
           day
           at
           one
           of
           the
           chief
           Inns
           to
           divert
           themselves
           ,
           where
           after
           having
           drank
           till
           scarce
           any
           of
           them
           could
           see
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Company
           proposed
           the
           putting
           out
           the
           Lights
           ,
           and
           throwing
           Stools
           at
           one
           another
           all
           night
           long
           ,
           which
           being
           done
           ,
           one
           of
           these
           soveraign
           Princes
           found
           his
           Arm
           broke
           ,
           another
           his
           Knee
           out
           of
           joynt
           ,
           another
           his
           Skull
           crackt
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           came
           off
           best
           had
           horrible
           Bruises
           and
           black
           Eyes
           ;
           after
           this
           they
           were
           all
           forced
           to
           go
           to
           Bed
           ,
           and
           consider
           what
           to
           do
           with
           themselves
           .
           This
           Story
           the
           Prince
           learnt
           from
           Monsieur
           Luc
           his
           Surgeon
           ,
           a
           Frenchman
           ,
           very
           expert
           in
           his
           Profession
           ,
           who
           was
           called
           to
           their
           help
           upon
           this
           occasion
           :
           Prince
           Maurice
           smilingly
           ask'd
           my
           Father
           ,
           if
           this
           was
           not
           a
           very
           fine
           and
           agreeable
           diversion
           for
           the
           Princes
           his
           Relations
           ,
           and
           whether
           they
           had
           not
           extraordinary
           reason
           to
           boast
           of
           their
           Pastime
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           loved
           Mathematicians
           and
           Engineers
           very
           well
           ,
           and
           amongst
           others
           of
           that
           age
           ,
           he
           very
           much
           esteemed
           Monsieur
           Alcome
           ,
           one
           excellent
           in
           the
           profession
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           gave
           a
           large
           Pension
           ,
           though
           he
           
           had
           a
           very
           good
           one
           from
           the
           King
           ;
           but
           there
           was
           no
           body
           could
           teach
           the
           Prince
           in
           that
           Science
           ,
           he
           having
           contrived
           several
           fine
           Inventions
           for
           the
           passage
           of
           Rivers
           ,
           and
           fiege
           of
           places
           ,
           so
           that
           in
           his
           Age
           ,
           he
           served
           for
           a
           Pattern
           to
           Engineers
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           Captains
           .
        
         
           He
           would
           not
           suffer
           his
           Troopers
           to
           wear
           straight
           Boots
           ,
           saying
           great
           inconveniencies
           might
           arise
           from
           thence
           ,
           being
           often
           in
           haste
           to
           get
           on
           Horseback
           ;
           ridiculing
           us
           Frenchmen
           ,
           for
           affecting
           to
           have
           fine
           Legs
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           would
           be
           whole
           hours
           in
           getting
           their
           Boots
           off
           ,
           or
           on
           ;
           and
           to
           set
           them
           an
           example
           ,
           he
           had
           his
           own
           Boots
           so
           large
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           almost
           leap
           into
           them
           .
           He
           did
           not
           approve
           those
           Italian
           Grooms
           who
           taught
           their
           Horses
           to
           prance
           ,
           which
           he
           said
           was
           very
           dangerous
           ,
           and
           had
           been
           the
           death
           of
           several
           People
           ;
           he
           had
           no
           People
           to
           manage
           his
           Horses
           ,
           and
           was
           content
           if
           they
           would
           only
           turn
           to
           the
           right
           and
           left
           .
        
         
           During
           the
           Truce
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           France
           sent
           him
           a
           magnificent
           Present
           of
           Spanish
           Horses
           by
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Pluvenelle
          
           ,
           Querry
           to
           his
           Majesty
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           honor
           to
           teach
           the
           King
           to
           ride
           ,
           being
           a
           person
           of
           great
           Reputation
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           famous
           Man
           of
           his
           time
           in
           that
           Art.
           
        
         
           The
           Prince
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           very
           vigilant
           and
           laborious
           ,
           yet
           had
           so
           great
           a
           Quietness
           of
           Mind
           ,
           that
           so
           soon
           as
           ever
           he
           was
           in
           Bed
           ,
           and
           his
           Head
           laid
           upon
           the
           Pillow
           ,
           he
           fell
           
           into
           so
           sound
           a
           Sleep
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           a
           difficult
           matter
           to
           wake
           him
           ;
           but
           knowing
           his
           own
           infirmity
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           not
           be
           surprized
           in
           time
           of
           War
           ,
           as
           his
           Father
           ,
           who
           was
           of
           the
           same
           Complexion
           ,
           was
           like
           to
           have
           been
           in
           his
           Tent
           ,
           near
           Malines
           ,
           after
           having
           given
           necessary
           orders
           ,
           he
           made
           two
           Men
           watch
           by
           turns
           every
           hour
           ,
           with
           command
           to
           wake
           him
           ,
           if
           any
           accident
           should
           happen
           .
           Marquess
           Spinola
           was
           of
           a
           humor
           quite
           contrary
           to
           the
           Prince
           ,
           and
           could
           never
           sleep
           if
           he
           had
           the
           least
           business
           upon
           his
           Spirits
           ;
           the
           Marquess
           was
           very
           lean
           ,
           the
           Prince
           very
           fat
           ,
           and
           their
           Tempers
           very
           different
           ;
           the
           one
           being
           dry
           and
           choleric
           ,
           the
           other
           plump
           and
           sanguine
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           being
           one
           day
           in
           a
           good
           humor
           ,
           told
           my
           Father
           ,
           That
           Elizabeth
           Queen
           of
           England
           ,
           by
           a
           weakness
           common
           to
           her
           Sex
           ,
           had
           so
           extraordinary
           a
           desire
           to
           be
           thought
           handsom
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           had
           sent
           her
           a
           magnificent
           Embassy
           ,
           which
           consisted
           of
           the
           principal
           persons
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           accompanied
           by
           a
           great
           many
           young
           Gentlemen
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           a
           Hollander
           who
           was
           in
           the
           Ambassadors
           Train
           at
           their
           first
           Audience
           ,
           having
           looked
           earnestly
           upon
           the
           Queen
           ,
           told
           an
           English
           Gentleman
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           had
           been
           acquainted
           in
           Holland
           ,
           that
           he
           saw
           no
           reason
           why
           the
           Queens
           Beauty
           should
           be
           generally
           spoke
           of
           to
           so
           much
           disadvantage
           ;
           that
           he
           thought
           People
           much
           to
           blame
           for
           doing
           it
           ,
           
           that
           to
           him
           she
           seemed
           very
           agreeable
           ,
           and
           that
           if
           he
           durst
           ,
           he
           would
           let
           her
           see
           what
           passions
           she
           was
           able
           to
           raise
           in
           a
           young
           Gentleman
           ;
           with
           several
           other
           such
           like
           discourses
           ,
           often
           looking
           upon
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           then
           applying
           himself
           to
           the
           Englishman
           .
           The
           Queen
           who
           took
           more
           exact
           notice
           of
           the
           private
           persons
           than
           the
           Ambassadors
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           the
           Audience
           was
           ended
           ,
           sent
           for
           the
           Englishman
           ,
           and
           commanded
           him
           on
           pain
           of
           her
           displeasure
           to
           tell
           her
           ,
           what
           his
           discourse
           was
           with
           the
           Hollander
           ,
           being
           certain
           that
           it
           was
           concerning
           her
           ,
           as
           was
           evident
           by
           their
           mein
           and
           behavior
           .
           The
           Gentleman
           made
           a
           great
           many
           excuses
           ,
           saying
           it
           was
           not
           worth
           her
           Majesties
           knowledge
           ,
           at
           last
           the
           Queen
           being
           very
           urgent
           ,
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           declare
           the
           whole
           matter
           ,
           and
           confess
           the
           extream
           passion
           which
           the
           Hollander
           had
           testified
           for
           her
           Royal
           person
           .
           The
           event
           of
           the
           affair
           was
           this
           ,
           that
           the
           Ambassadors
           were
           each
           of
           them
           presented
           with
           a
           Chain
           of
           Gold
           worth
           800
           Crowns
           ,
           and
           every
           one
           of
           their
           Retinue
           with
           one
           of
           100
           Crowns
           ;
           but
           the
           Hollander
           who
           thought
           the
           Queen
           so
           handsom
           ,
           had
           a
           Chain
           of
           1600
           Crowns
           ,
           which
           he
           wore
           about
           his
           Neck
           as
           long
           as
           he
           lived
           .
        
         
           This
           Queen
           ,
           who
           had
           a
           Thousand
           great
           qualities
           ,
           had
           still
           the
           vanity
           of
           being
           thought
           handsom
           by
           all
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           I
           have
           heard
           my
           Father
           say
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ,
           that
           being
           sent
           to
           her
           ,
           in
           every
           Audience
           
           that
           he
           had
           ,
           she
           would
           pull
           her
           Glove
           off
           a
           hundred
           times
           to
           show
           her
           hands
           ,
           which
           were
           very
           white
           and
           handsom
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           return
           to
           the
           character
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           he
           was
           naturally
           good
           and
           just
           ,
           and
           died
           with
           the
           reputation
           of
           an
           exemplary
           Honesty
           ;
           to
           show
           that
           he
           deserved
           this
           character
           ,
           I
           need
           only
           relate
           the
           following
           Story
           .
           Two
           of
           his
           Domestics
           who
           were
           Frenchmen
           ,
           one
           called
           
             Iohn
             de
             Paris
          
           ,
           who
           waited
           upon
           him
           in
           his
           Chamber
           ,
           the
           other
           one
           of
           his
           Halberdeers
           ,
           named
           
             Iohn
             de
             la
             Vigne
          
           ,
           having
           assassinated
           a
           Jeweller
           of
           Amsterdam
           ,
           who
           had
           Stones
           of
           a
           great
           Value
           ,
           which
           he
           would
           have
           sold
           the
           Prince
           ;
           he
           was
           so
           far
           from
           protecting
           them
           ,
           (
           as
           several
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           would
           have
           thought
           it
           concerned
           their
           Honor
           to
           do
           )
           that
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           he
           himself
           prosecuted
           the
           Actors
           of
           so
           inhumane
           a
           Butchery
           ,
           and
           made
           them
           both
           be
           broke
           alive
           upon
           the
           Wheel
           .
        
         
           If
           this
           great
           and
           just
           character
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           might
           be
           any
           way
           in
           the
           least
           sullied
           in
           the
           opinion
           of
           some
           persons
           ,
           it
           was
           occasioned
           by
           his
           contests
           with
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           one
           of
           the
           principal
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           Confidents
           of
           Prince
           William
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           who
           after
           his
           Death
           got
           the
           soveraign
           Command
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           to
           be
           put
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ;
           for
           People
           being
           in
           a
           terrible
           confusion
           after
           that
           disaster
           ,
           and
           several
           seeing
           themselves
           deprived
           of
           their
           principal
           support
           ,
           
           being
           desirous
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           the
           Amnesty
           which
           King
           Philip
           offered
           them
           ,
           he
           said
           publicly
           that
           matters
           were
           not
           in
           so
           desperate
           a
           condition
           ;
           that
           they
           ought
           to
           take
           courage
           ,
           they
           had
           indeed
           lost
           a
           real
           support
           by
           the
           Death
           of
           the
           Father
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           had
           left
           a
           Son
           ,
           then
           studying
           at
           Leyden
           ,
           who
           was
           capable
           to
           fill
           his
           place
           ,
           and
           gave
           very
           great
           Testimonies
           of
           his
           inclination
           to
           Vertue
           ;
           so
           by
           the
           Perswasion
           and
           Authority
           of
           this
           great
           Man
           ,
           Prince
           Maurice
           was
           no
           sooner
           come
           out
           of
           the
           Colledg
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           placed
           ,
           as
           Commander
           ,
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           Armies
           ;
           upon
           this
           account
           the
           Prince
           looked
           upon
           him
           as
           his
           Benefactor
           ,
           till
           time
           made
           him
           think
           ,
           he
           had
           reason
           to
           alter
           his
           opinion
           ,
           and
           use
           other
           measures
           towards
           him
           :
        
         
           Whilst
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Barnevelt
          
           was
           for
           the
           continuance
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           which
           the
           Prince
           desired
           to
           uphold
           his
           Authority
           ,
           they
           kept
           a
           very
           fair
           Correspondence
           ;
           as
           likewise
           in
           the
           year
           1598
           ,
           when
           he
           met
           King
           Henry
           IV.
           in
           Brittain
           to
           diswade
           him
           from
           making
           the
           Peace
           of
           Vervins
           .
           But
           when
           Barnevelt
           shew'd
           himself
           inclinable
           to
           a
           Truce
           ,
           after
           a
           War
           of
           40
           years
           ,
           which
           had
           so
           exhausted
           the
           State
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           impossible
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           prodigious
           number
           of
           Debts
           ,
           to
           have
           the
           War
           continue
           any
           longer
           ;
           it
           was
           then
           that
           this
           Prince
           ,
           who
           thought
           the
           Truce
           would
           give
           a
           mortal
           blow
           to
           his
           Glory
           and
           his
           Interests
           ,
           could
           no
           longer
           conceal
           his
           resentment
           ,
           but
           
           fell
           openly
           at
           variance
           with
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Barnevelt
          
           ,
           even
           in
           publick
           Conferences
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           to
           give
           him
           the
           Lye
           ,
           and
           one
           time
           to
           lift
           up
           his
           hand
           against
           him
           .
           Prince
           Maurice
           used
           all
           imaginable
           endeavours
           to
           perswade
           King
           Henry
           IV.
           to
           break
           the
           design
           of
           the
           Truce
           ,
           as
           inconsistent
           with
           the
           welfare
           of
           France
           ,
           since
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           being
           no
           longer
           engaged
           against
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           would
           without
           all
           doubt
           turn
           their
           whole
           Forces
           against
           his
           Kingdom
           :
           He
           spread
           several
           Papers
           which
           accused
           those
           who
           were
           for
           the
           Truce
           ,
           of
           being
           Traytors
           ,
           and
           holding
           aCorrespondence
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           but
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Barnevelt
          
           ,
           made
           it
           be
           represented
           to
           the
           King
           by
           such
           Ambassadors
           as
           had
           their
           dependance
           upon
           himself
           ,
           what
           he
           had
           several
           times
           before
           told
           to
           Mr.
           Buzanval
           his
           Ambassador
           ,
           and
           Monsieur
           the
           President
           Iavin
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           dispatched
           Extraordinary
           Envoy
           into
           Holland
           ;
           That
           it
           was
           necessary
           for
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           to
           use
           the
           King
           in
           the
           same
           method
           that
           sick
           and
           wounded
           persons
           do
           their
           Physicians
           ,
           or
           their
           Chyrurgions
           ;
           That
           is
           ,
           to
           discover
           plainly
           their
           Wounds
           and
           Infirmities
           ,
           whereby
           his
           Majesty
           may
           see
           ,
           if
           it
           lay
           in
           his
           power
           to
           afford
           them
           such
           remedies
           ,
           as
           would
           heal
           them
           ;
           That
           their
           State
           was
           charged
           with
           excessive
           Debts
           ,
           whose
           Interest
           was
           to
           be
           paid
           to
           private
           persons
           ,
           that
           had
           lent
           their
           Money
           to
           the
           Public
           ,
           and
           had
           scarce
           any
           thing
           else
           remaining
           for
           their
           own
           subsistence
           ;
           and
           that
           except
           that
           Interest
           was
           exactly
           
           paid
           ,
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           them
           must
           be
           left
           to
           starve
           .
           That
           the
           several
           Imposts
           which
           were
           established
           to
           maintain
           the
           charges
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           were
           not
           sufficient
           for
           its
           continuance
           ,
           and
           that
           13
           or
           14
           Hundred
           Thousand
           Crowns
           were
           over
           and
           above
           necessary
           ,
           to
           pay
           the
           Interest
           of
           their
           Debts
           ,
           and
           the
           Troops
           which
           were
           then
           in
           their
           Service
           ;
           but
           that
           if
           his
           Majesty
           would
           supply
           them
           with
           what
           was
           necessary
           for
           their
           continuance
           of
           the
           War
           with
           Spain
           ,
           they
           would
           pursue
           it
           more
           vigorously
           now
           than
           ever
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           ,
           whose
           Treasure
           was
           exhausted
           ,
           seeing
           that
           he
           would
           be
           obliged
           to
           furnish
           them
           every
           year
           with
           at
           least
           4
           Millions
           of
           Livres
           ,
           consented
           to
           the
           proposal
           of
           the
           Truce
           ,
           which
           was
           concluded
           by
           his
           Authority
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           perpetual
           opposition
           which
           Prince
           Maurice
           made
           to
           it
           by
           his
           Creatures
           .
           So
           the
           Truce
           being
           concluded
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1609
           ,
           by
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt's
           perswasions
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           admired
           ,
           if
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           bore
           no
           good
           will
           to
           him
           ;
           seeing
           France
           had
           followed
           the
           sentiments
           of
           that
           great
           Man
           ,
           and
           had
           so
           little
           consideration
           for
           hisInterests
           and
           Councel
           :
           After
           this
           time
           ,
           the
           Prince
           sought
           occasions
           to
           revenge
           himself
           of
           Barnevelt
           ,
           but
           before
           he
           came
           to
           his
           final
           resolution
           ,
           he
           endeavored
           to
           gain
           him
           over
           ,
           by
           the
           means
           of
           the
           Princess
           Dowager
           of
           Orange
           ,
           his
           Mother-in-law
           ;
           but
           this
           did
           not
           succeed
           ,
           for
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           intimated
           to
           the
           Princess
           ,
           as
           if
           Prince
           Maurice
           had
           a
           design
           of
           possessing
           
           himself
           of
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           the
           Country
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           was
           upon
           this
           account
           he
           so
           manifestly
           pursued
           his
           Ruine
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           finding
           that
           Barnevelt
           was
           not
           to
           be
           brought
           over
           ,
           began
           to
           encourage
           such
           persons
           as
           were
           jealous
           of
           that
           Power
           and
           Authority
           which
           Barnevelt
           had
           gained
           upon
           the
           States
           ;
           but
           the
           Prince
           managed
           this
           affair
           with
           such
           discretion
           ,
           that
           those
           ,
           whose
           ruine
           perhaps
           he
           might
           design
           ,
           should
           have
           least
           reason
           to
           distrust
           him
           ,
           or
           provide
           for
           their
           own
           Safety
           ;
           pursuant
           to
           this
           ,
           he
           bestowed
           upon
           them
           all
           imaginable
           Favors
           ;
           he
           gave
           to
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Grouneveld
          
           ,
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt's
           eldest
           Son
           ,
           the
           Office
           of
           Master
           of
           the
           Dykes
           ,
           and
           Forests
           in
           Holland
           ;
           to
           Stautembourg
           his
           youngest
           Son
           ,
           he
           gave
           the
           Government
           of
           
             Berghen
             ap
             Zoom
          
           ,
           which
           is
           one
           of
           the
           principal
           Keys
           of
           the
           Country
           .
        
         
           Among
           others
           ,
           he
           brought
           over
           
             Francis
             Aersens
          
           ,
           Son
           of
           
             Cornelius
             Aersens
          
           ,
           Secretary
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           originally
           of
           Brabant
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           a
           long
           time
           Resident
           ,
           afterwards
           Ambassador
           in
           France
           :
           This
           Man
           was
           Author
           of
           all
           the
           violent
           Councels
           ,
           and
           principal
           Executor
           of
           the
           passion
           of
           the
           Prince
           ;
           he
           was
           a
           Man
           of
           Ability
           ,
           and
           very
           bold
           ,
           who
           aspired
           to
           new
           things
           ,
           that
           so
           he
           might
           become
           great
           ;
           eloquent
           to
           the
           public
           damage
           ,
           and
           desirous
           to
           heap
           up
           Riches
           by
           any
           means
           whatsoever
           .
           The
           Prince
           likewise
           made
           use
           of
           several
           other
           persons
           ,
           who
           were
           of
           an
           unquiet
           and
           ambitious
           temper
           ,
           willing
           to
           fish
           
           in
           troubled
           waters
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           their
           advantage
           of
           the
           disgrace
           such
           people
           were
           fallen
           into
           ,
           as
           they
           before
           had
           reason
           to
           envy
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           it
           was
           not
           safe
           ,
           so
           neither
           did
           it
           seem
           just
           ,
           to
           fall
           upon
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           ,
           and
           his
           Dependants
           ,
           till
           they
           had
           rendered
           themselves
           suspected
           ,
           and
           odious
           to
           the
           people
           ;
           the
           difference
           which
           happened
           at
           this
           time
           upon
           the
           matters
           of
           Religion
           ,
           between
           the
           Followers
           of
           Gomarus
           ,
           and
           Arminius
           ,
           gave
           an
           occasion
           for
           the
           Peoples
           disgust
           against
           him
           :
           for
           this
           diversity
           of
           opinions
           had
           so
           divided
           the
           State
           ,
           that
           there
           were
           great
           quarrels
           in
           the
           Schools
           ,
           and
           even
           fights
           and
           murders
           ,
           upon
           their
           coming
           out
           of
           the
           Churches
           ;
           what
           one
           Minister
           had
           preached
           in
           the
           Morning
           ,
           after
           Dinner
           was
           confuted
           in
           the
           same
           Pulpit
           ,
           by
           another
           Minister
           of
           a
           contrary
           opinion
           ;
           so
           all
           the
           Doctors
           and
           Ministers
           having
           banish'd
           Charity
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           chief
           Foundation
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ;
           instead
           of
           instructing
           People
           in
           true
           Piety
           ,
           and
           explaining
           the
           Word
           of
           God
           ,
           that
           breathes
           nothing
           but
           peace
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           sufficiently
           intelligible
           to
           minds
           that
           are
           meek
           and
           well
           disposed
           ,
           amus'd
           themselves
           only
           with
           handling
           such
           questions
           ,
           as
           the
           vulgar
           never
           could
           comprehend
           ;
           and
           all
           full
           of
           Animosity
           and
           Revenge
           on
           either
           Party
           :
           employed
           their
           whole
           Wit
           and
           Knowledge
           to
           make
           their
           Adversary
           appear
           ridiculous
           ,
           employing
           Scurrility
           more
           than
           Arguments
           
           against
           one
           another
           .
           These
           different
           Sermons
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Ministers
           mutually
           accused
           one
           another
           of
           Ignorance
           and
           Heresie
           ,
           sowed
           divisions
           amongst
           the
           People
           ,
           each
           following
           the
           opinion
           of
           his
           own
           Minister
           ,
           as
           being
           uncapable
           to
           judge
           for
           himself
           in
           questions
           so
           difficult
           ,
           as
           those
           of
           Free-will
           ,
           Grace
           ,
           or
           Predestination
           ;
           like
           as
           it
           happens
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           when
           Ladies
           of
           the
           greatest
           Quality
           ,
           follow
           some
           the
           opinion
           of
           the
           Jesuits
           ,
           and
           others
           that
           of
           the
           Doctors
           of
           
             Port
             Royal
          
           ;
           besides
           this
           division
           encreased
           daily
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           took
           deep
           root
           throughout
           the
           whole
           State
           ,
           but
           an
           infinite
           number
           of
           printed
           Books
           ,
           swarmed
           in
           every
           place
           ,
           and
           entertained
           mens
           minds
           with
           Schism
           and
           Bitterness
           .
           The
           Gomarists
           ,
           wedded
           to
           the
           opinion
           of
           Calvin
           ,
           maintained
           that
           God
           had
           sentenced
           by
           an
           eternal
           Decree
           ,
           what
           men
           were
           to
           be
           saved
           ,
           and
           what
           were
           to
           be
           damned
           ;
           that
           this
           Sentence
           drew
           the
           one
           into
           the
           path
           of
           Piety
           and
           Salvation
           ,
           whilst
           it
           left
           the
           other
           buried
           in
           all
           that
           Vice
           which
           is
           common
           to
           humane
           Nature
           .
        
         
           The
           Arminians
           said
           ,
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           That
           God
           who
           was
           a
           most
           righteous
           Judge
           ,
           and
           a
           most
           merciful
           Father
           ,
           made
           this
           distinction
           between
           Sinners
           ,
           that
           those
           who
           repented
           of
           their
           faults
           should
           obtain
           Grace
           and
           Life
           ,
           whereas
           such
           as
           were
           disobedient
           and
           obstistinate
           in
           their
           crimes
           ,
           should
           be
           punished
           for
           them
           ;
           That
           God
           desired
           all
           would
           come
           into
           the
           right
           way
           ,
           and
           had
           given
           them
           good
           
           precepts
           for
           to
           follow
           ,
           but
           that
           there
           was
           no
           necessity
           that
           might
           force
           either
           the
           one
           ,
           or
           the
           other
           ,
           it
           depending
           upon
           each
           Mans
           will
           ,
           either
           to
           damn
           himself
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           saved
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           disputes
           ,
           and
           in
           several
           writings
           ,
           the
           Arminians
           accused
           the
           Gomarists
           of
           making
           God
           the
           cause
           of
           mens
           sins
           ,
           and
           maintained
           that
           by
           a
           sort
           of
           destiny
           ,
           they
           made
           Souls
           immovable
           ,
           being
           submitted
           to
           the
           irrevocable
           fatality
           of
           Eternal
           Life
           or
           Damnation
           .
        
         
           The
           Gomarists
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           blamed
           the
           Arminians
           for
           blowing
           up
           mens
           minds
           with
           so
           great
           an
           arrogance
           ,
           as
           to
           think
           they
           could
           possess
           the
           greatest
           of
           Treasures
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           Soul
           well
           constituted
           ,
           without
           being
           beholding
           to
           God
           alone
           for
           it
           ,
           but
           to
           the
           Merits
           of
           their
           own
           Good
           Works
           .
           These
           Opinions
           were
           defended
           with
           so
           much
           heat
           and
           positiveness
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           heard
           
             Daniel
             Tilenus
          
           (
           a
           Famous
           Arminian
           ,
           Native
           of
           Gaulsberg
           in
           Silesia
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           driven
           from
           Sedan
           ,
           by
           the
           Ministers
           of
           a
           contrary
           Opinion
           ,
           and
           who
           died
           at
           Paris
           in
           an
           extream
           old
           Age
           )
           often
           say
           ,
           he
           had
           much
           rather
           embrace
           the
           Opinion
           of
           Mahomet
           than
           that
           of
           Calvin
           ;
           alledging
           that
           the
           Turks
           believed
           in
           God
           ,
           whereas
           the
           Calvinists
           did
           not
           ,
           forasmuch
           as
           the
           principal
           Attribute
           of
           God
           was
           to
           be
           infinitely
           Good
           and
           Merciful
           ;
           that
           the
           Turks
           acknowledged
           a
           God
           of
           such
           a
           Nature
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Calvinists
           framed
           one
           that
           was
           Cruel
           ,
           Pittiless
           ,
           and
           that
           damned
           his
           own
           Creatures
           
           with
           a
           set
           deliberation
           .
           Upon
           the
           mention
           of
           Tilenus
           I
           shall
           add
           ,
           that
           he
           disputed
           against
           Cardinal
           Perron
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Conference
           which
           they
           had
           together
           was
           Printed
           ;
           and
           that
           tho
           he
           was
           a
           German
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           Frontiers
           of
           Poland
           ,
           yet
           there
           was
           no
           Person
           in
           France
           ,
           who
           writ
           in
           our
           Language
           with
           more
           Elegancy
           and
           Neatness
           ,
           which
           I
           am
           certified
           of
           from
           my
           Father
           ,
           who
           received
           a
           thousand
           Letters
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           who
           was
           a
           competent
           Judge
           in
           this
           matter
           ,
           as
           being
           himself
           esteemed
           to
           have
           had
           one
           of
           the
           best
           Pens
           of
           the
           Age
           ;
           He
           lived
           in
           the
           same
           Country
           of
           Silesia
           ,
           which
           has
           likewise
           produced
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Borstell
          
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           same
           Talent
           at
           writing
           ,
           and
           was
           so
           much
           esteemed
           by
           Madam
           
             des
             Loges
          
           ,
           and
           immortalized
           in
           the
           Letters
           of
           Monsieur
           Balza●…
           .
        
         
           The
           
             States
             General
          
           being
           often
           assembled
           to
           remedy
           these
           disorders
           which
           daily
           happened
           in
           all
           their
           Cities
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           these
           divisions
           upon
           the
           account
           of
           Religion
           ,
           it
           was
           the
           advise
           of
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           ,
           that
           all
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           Professors
           of
           Divinity
           ,
           should
           be
           prohibited
           to
           speak
           concerning
           Grace
           ,
           and
           Predestination
           ,
           either
           in
           the
           Pulpit
           or
           the
           Universities
           ;
           that
           all
           Printers
           likewise
           should
           be
           forbid
           to
           publish
           any
           books
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ;
           that
           both
           Parties
           should
           live
           together
           in
           Brotherly
           Union
           ,
           without
           scandalously
           dividing
           the
           Church
           ;
           that
           this
           Doctrine
           was
           so
           subtle
           ,
           and
           so
           incomprehensible
           to
           the
           Common
           People
           ,
           that
           the
           whole
           
           Country
           would
           be
           at
           rest
           and
           easie
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           nothing
           more
           should
           be
           spoke
           concerning
           it
           :
           that
           there
           remained
           a
           field
           large
           enough
           for
           the
           Ministers
           to
           comfort
           and
           instruct
           their
           Flocks
           ,
           by
           exhorting
           them
           to
           the
           practice
           of
           Gods
           Commandments
           and
           Christian
           Vertues
           ,
           by
           explaining
           to
           them
           the
           Old
           and
           New
           Testament
           ,
           which
           leads
           Mens
           Minds
           to
           nothing
           more
           than
           Peace
           and
           Charity
           :
           In
           short
           ,
           he
           added
           that
           the
           book
           of
           Predestination
           was
           a
           book
           so
           difficult
           and
           obscure
           ,
           that
           the
           greatest
           Doctors
           could
           not
           see
           a
           Letter
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           very
           Angels
           had
           much
           ado
           to
           comprehend
           it
           .
        
         
           This
           Council
           was
           so
           wise
           and
           prudent
           that
           at
           the
           same
           time
           it
           was
           followed
           by
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           who
           seeing
           his
           Kingdom
           disturbed
           with
           the
           same
           Questions
           ,
           and
           threatned
           with
           a
           dangerous
           Schism
           ,
           by
           the
           disputes
           and
           frequent
           writings
           of
           the
           Iesuits
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           were
           called
           Iansenists
           ;
           imposed
           a
           perpetual
           silence
           to
           all
           these
           Writers
           .
        
         
           But
           Prince
           Maurice
           and
           his
           dependants
           opposed
           themselves
           to
           the
           sentiments
           of
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           and
           his
           Party
           ,
           as
           esteeming
           them
           to
           lye
           under
           a
           suspition
           of
           holding
           correspondence
           with
           the
           
             Roman
             Catholicks
          
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           that
           by
           this
           means
           they
           would
           bring
           back
           Popery
           into
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           only
           thing
           that
           could
           ruine
           that
           Republick
           ,
           and
           
             Francis
             Aersens
          
           being
           a
           bold
           Man
           that
           could
           write
           and
           speak
           
           fluently
           ,
           he
           was
           ordered
           to
           make
           use
           of
           his
           Pen
           upon
           this
           Occasion
           .
        
         
           There
           were
           several
           papers
           published
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           among
           which
           ,
           one
           was
           called
           
             Praevia
             Detectio
          
           ,
           another
           
             Dissertatio
             Necessaria
          
           ,
           a
           third
           
             Hispanici
             Concilii
             Artes
          
           :
           and
           whereas
           Monsieur
           Barnevelts
           Party
           had
           commended
           his
           wisdom
           and
           the
           pains
           he
           had
           taken
           for
           the
           good
           of
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           the
           Counsels
           he
           had
           given
           so
           much
           for
           its
           advantage
           ;
           so
           Monsieur
           Aersens
           by
           these
           writings
           accused
           him
           openly
           of
           being
           in
           League
           with
           the
           Papists
           ,
           and
           corrupted
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           to
           ruine
           the
           true
           Religion
           ,
           and
           bring
           his
           Country
           back
           again
           into
           Slavery
           .
        
         
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           answered
           Aersens
           ,
           with
           a
           very
           large
           Apology
           ,
           wherein
           all
           his
           long
           services
           for
           the
           good
           of
           the
           State
           were
           represented
           to
           the
           sull
           ;
           but
           this
           gained
           no
           ground
           upon
           those
           who
           were
           affected
           to
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           Power
           in
           his
           hands
           ,
           and
           the
           Soldiers
           all
           depending
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           common
           People
           could
           not
           but
           follow
           him
           ,
           as
           having
           no
           reason
           to
           think
           he
           could
           have
           any
           design
           to
           their
           prejudice
           ,
           who
           had
           so
           long
           exposed
           himself
           to
           a
           great
           many
           dangers
           in
           the
           defence
           of
           their
           Liberties
           .
        
         
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Barnevelt
          
           seeing
           himself
           thus
           attacqued
           ,
           complained
           to
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           ,
           as
           his
           Judges
           and
           Natural
           Lords
           ,
           who
           took
           him
           into
           their
           protection
           by
           an
           authentic
           Act
           ;
           but
           he
           having
           counselled
           those
           of
           Utrecht
           to
           preserve
           their
           new
           Garrison
           which
           
           they
           had
           levied
           for
           their
           particular
           safety
           ,
           upon
           their
           own
           charges
           ,
           affirming
           they
           might
           do
           it
           by
           the
           priviledge
           of
           their
           Province
           ;
           the
           States
           of
           each
           Country
           having
           reserved
           their
           Rights
           by
           the
           Union
           of
           Utrecht
           :
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           and
           his
           Party
           imputed
           this
           action
           to
           him
           as
           a
           crime
           ,
           and
           made
           it
           pass
           for
           an
           attempt
           against
           the
           good
           of
           the
           confederated
           Commonwealth
           .
           The
           Prince
           soon
           after
           went
           to
           Utrecht
           ,
           assisted
           by
           some
           Deputies
           of
           the
           States
           General
           ,
           disarmed
           the
           new
           Levies
           ,
           and
           changed
           the
           Magistrates
           ,
           as
           at
           
             Leyden
             ,
             Haerlem
             ,
             Amsterdam
          
           ,
           and
           other
           places
           ;
           afterwards
           he
           displaced
           several
           of
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           ,
           and
           substituted
           others
           in
           their
           room
           ;
           a
           little
           while
           after
           by
           an
           extraordinary
           Order
           of
           Eight
           Persons
           under
           the
           Title
           of
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           Prince
           Maurice
           caused
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           to
           be
           arrested
           ,
           he
           was
           put
           into
           the
           Castle
           of
           the
           Hague
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           Chamber
           where
           Admiral
           Mendoza
           of
           Arragon
           had
           heretofore
           been
           Prisoner
           ;
           at
           the
           same
           time
           Monsieur
           Hoguerbeis
           ,
           a
           Person
           of
           merit
           and
           known
           capacity
           was
           arrested
           likewise
           ,
           with
           Monsieur
           
             Hugo
             Grotius
          
           ,
           Pentionary
           of
           Rotterdam
           ,
           a
           Man
           of
           great
           Learning
           ,
           and
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Leydenberg
          
           Secretary
           to
           the
           States
           of
           Utrecht
           .
        
         
           They
           were
           accused
           of
           several
           crimes
           against
           the
           State
           ,
           amongst
           others
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           have
           laid
           the
           whole
           Country
           in
           blood
           ,
           and
           betray'd
           it
           to
           the
           Spaniards
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Prince
           to
           secure
           himself
           from
           any
           hatred
           that
           might
           be
           drawn
           upon
           him
           in
           this
           conjuncture
           ,
           declared
           that
           whatever
           he
           acted
           ,
           was
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           as
           principal
           Conservators
           of
           the
           safety
           of
           the
           Republic
           .
        
         
           The
           Prisoners
           on
           the
           other
           side
           remonstrated
           ,
           That
           though
           this
           was
           done
           under
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           yet
           that
           in
           effect
           it
           proceeded
           only
           from
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           who
           was
           armed
           ,
           and
           followed
           by
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           common
           People
           ;
           that
           the
           change
           at
           present
           made
           in
           the
           Common-wealth
           was
           so
           considerable
           ,
           that
           it
           ought
           to
           astonish
           all
           those
           who
           were
           true
           Lovers
           of
           the
           Laws
           and
           Liberties
           of
           their
           Country
           .
        
         
           That
           as
           for
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           they
           had
           no
           Jurisdiction
           over
           the
           Subjects
           of
           particular
           Provinces
           ,
           much
           less
           to
           arrest
           Persons
           of
           their
           Quality
           ,
           who
           were
           deprived
           of
           their
           Employments
           without
           any
           process
           ,
           against
           all
           Justice
           ,
           and
           in
           opposition
           to
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           ,
           who
           were
           their
           only
           Lords
           and
           Superiors
           ;
           that
           their
           true
           crimes
           were
           their
           opposition
           to
           the
           ambitious
           desires
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           their
           obedience
           to
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           ,
           who
           were
           their
           Masters
           ,
           their
           Counsel
           to
           some
           Towns
           to
           preserve
           their
           Priviledges
           ,
           and
           to
           arm
           themselves
           for
           their
           own
           safeties
           ;
           and
           finally
           their
           refusal
           to
           give
           consent
           to
           the
           calling
           of
           a
           General
           Synod
           ,
           which
           they
           thought
           would
           cause
           more
           mischief
           than
           advantage
           to
           their
           Country
           :
           that
           they
           
           were
           opprest
           by
           their
           Enemies
           under
           the
           Title
           of
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           who
           are
           the
           Deputies
           of
           Provinces
           ,
           only
           for
           the
           affairs
           of
           Peace
           and
           War
           ,
           for
           the
           receiving
           proposals
           from
           foreign
           Ambassadors
           ,
           and
           reporting
           them
           to
           the
           particular
           States
           of
           each
           Province
           ;
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           having
           no
           other
           lawful
           Right
           of
           intermedling
           with
           the
           affairs
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           each
           of
           which
           are
           soveraign
           States
           ,
           and
           have
           time
           out
           of
           mind
           been
           Masters
           of
           the
           Life
           and
           Fortune
           of
           their
           Subjects
           ;
           that
           this
           was
           only
           a
           specious
           Pretext
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           Neighboring
           Princes
           ,
           who
           did
           not
           know
           the
           true
           constitution
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           might
           be
           hindered
           from
           defending
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           put
           some
           sort
           of
           colour
           upon
           so
           great
           an
           Injustice
           ;
           they
           alledged
           farther
           for
           themselves
           the
           ancient
           Customs
           sworn
           to
           by
           the
           Earls
           of
           Holland
           ,
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Burgundy
           ,
           and
           Charles
           the
           5th
           ,
           which
           for
           several
           ages
           had
           been
           inviolably
           observed
           ,
           and
           for
           whose
           preservation
           their
           Ancestors
           had
           taken
           Arms
           ;
           That
           as
           for
           a
           General
           or
           National
           Synod
           ,
           they
           could
           not
           agree
           to
           it
           ,
           because
           it
           would
           seem
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           
             Seven
             Provinces
          
           were
           but
           one
           Nation
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           priviledge
           of
           particular
           Provinces
           ,
           which
           had
           always
           provided
           for
           matters
           of
           Religion
           in
           their
           own
           bounds
           ,
           which
           was
           so
           true
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           States
           of
           the
           17
           Provinces
           ,
           assembled
           at
           Brussels
           ,
           having
           instantly
           demanded
           of
           Prince
           William
           of
           Orange
           ,
           that
           the
           Roman
           Catholic
           Religion
           might
           be
           exercised
           in
           his
           Governments
           ,
           returned
           
           answer
           ,
           That
           this
           depended
           only
           upon
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           .
           That
           they
           appealed
           from
           these
           Judges
           as
           incompetent
           ,
           and
           visibly
           suspected
           of
           being
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           to
           such
           Judges
           as
           were
           natural
           and
           proper
           to
           their
           cause
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           same
           time
           Prince
           Maurice
           with
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           called
           a
           National
           Synod
           in
           the
           Town
           of
           Dort
           ,
           and
           several
           Divines
           of
           Foreign
           Countries
           were
           invited
           thither
           ;
           in
           this
           Assembly
           the
           Opinion
           of
           Arminius
           was
           declared
           to
           be
           Heretical
           ,
           scandalous
           ,
           and
           tending
           to
           the
           Re
           establishment
           of
           Popery
           in
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           and
           in
           pursuance
           of
           this
           decree
           ,
           Utembaugarts
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           other
           Ministers
           and
           Doctors
           suspected
           to
           be
           of
           that
           Opinion
           ,
           were
           dismissed
           from
           their
           Cures
           ,
           and
           banished
           the
           Country
           ,
           and
           forbid
           to
           return
           under
           pain
           of
           severe
           punishment
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           ,
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           and
           the
           other
           Prisoners
           ,
           were
           tried
           before
           Judges
           nominated
           by
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           ;
           these
           Judges
           Condemned
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           to
           death
           ,
           upon
           the
           12th
           of
           May
           1619.
           
           My
           Father
           had
           several
           times
           interceeded
           for
           him
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           and
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Boissise
          
           had
           been
           twice
           sent
           Envoy
           Extraordinary
           into
           Holland
           ,
           to
           exhort
           the
           States
           to
           consult
           their
           proper
           welfare
           ,
           and
           treat
           their
           Prisoners
           with
           moderation
           .
        
         
           Pursuant
           to
           the
           Sentence
           ,
           he
           was
           executed
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           the
           Castle
           at
           the
           Hague
           ,
           being
           66
           years
           old
           ,
           where
           the
           Scaffold
           was
           
           raised
           against
           his
           Chamber
           Window
           ,
           opposite
           to
           the
           Prince's
           Apartment
           ,
           who
           was
           said
           to
           have
           beheld
           this
           Execution
           from
           his
           window
           by
           the
           help
           of
           a
           prospective
           ;
           upon
           which
           some
           people
           made
           their
           Reflections
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           and
           the
           States
           had
           less
           regard
           to
           the
           Intercession
           of
           France
           ,
           because
           the
           King
           of
           England
           was
           in
           their
           Interest
           ,
           as
           being
           perswaded
           that
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           was
           none
           of
           his
           Friends
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           had
           done
           him
           a
           sensible
           displeasure
           ,
           by
           causing
           the
           English
           Garrisons
           to
           retire
           from
           the
           Town
           of
           Flushing
           ,
           the
           Brill
           ,
           and
           the
           Castle
           of
           Ramekius
           ;
           which
           the
           English
           held
           for
           a
           security
           of
           those
           Sums
           which
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           had
           lent
           to
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           .
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           (
           being
           the
           chief
           of
           a
           very
           splendid
           Embassy
           )
           made
           great
           Instances
           to
           the
           King
           to
           recall
           his
           Forces
           from
           their
           Towns
           ;
           King
           Iames
           promised
           him
           publickly
           and
           solemnly
           that
           he
           would
           do
           it
           ,
           provided
           they
           paid
           the
           Money
           due
           to
           him
           ,
           thinking
           he
           had
           imposed
           an
           impossible
           condition
           upon
           them
           ,
           considering
           how
           the
           Provinces
           had
           been
           exhausted
           by
           their
           Taxes
           ;
           but
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           having
           got
           the
           Kings
           word
           ,
           applyed
           himself
           with
           so
           much
           diligence
           to
           the
           collecting
           of
           the
           Money
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           Credit
           the
           people
           bled
           so
           freely
           ,
           that
           in
           a
           little
           time
           these
           vast
           Sums
           were
           carried
           into
           England
           ,
           which
           King
           Iames
           ,
           tho'
           very
           much
           surprized
           at
           ,
           was
           obliged
           to
           receive
           ,
           and
           consequently
           to
           recall
           his
           Garrisons
           ;
           
           and
           the
           remembrance
           of
           it
           stuck
           so
           close
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           always
           a
           great
           aversion
           for
           Monsieur
           Barnevelt
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           had
           another
           reason
           to
           make
           him
           have
           less
           regard
           to
           the
           intercession
           of
           France
           ,
           which
           was
           because
           he
           was
           not
           in
           the
           least
           afraid
           of
           their
           resentments
           ;
           Lewis
           the
           13th
           was
           then
           come
           out
           of
           his
           Minority
           ,
           and
           a
           new
           Favorite
           was
           absolute
           Master
           of
           Affairs
           ,
           who
           had
           more
           regard
           to
           the
           raising
           of
           himself
           and
           two
           Brothers
           ,
           than
           to
           meddle
           with
           the
           Affairs
           of
           other
           Countries
           ,
           which
           appeared
           in
           the
           business
           of
           the
           Elector
           Palatine
           ,
           King
           of
           Bohemia
           ;
           for
           though
           by
           reasons
           of
           State
           he
           should
           have
           been
           maintained
           ,
           to
           weaken
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           ,
           which
           at
           that
           time
           was
           become
           formidable
           ,
           and
           because
           this
           Elector
           was
           one
           of
           our
           principal
           Allies
           ,
           who
           might
           always
           have
           so
           divided
           Germany
           ,
           as
           that
           one
           of
           the
           Parties
           should
           have
           assisted
           us
           when
           we
           had
           occasion
           ;
           yet
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Luynes
          
           promised
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             Mirabel
          
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Ambassador
           ,
           then
           at
           Paris
           ,
           to
           ruin
           the
           Affairs
           of
           the
           Palatinate
           ,
           upon
           condition
           that
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Cadenet
          
           his
           Brother
           ,
           should
           marry
           Mademoiselle
           
             de
             Pecquigny
          
           and
           Chauln●…s
           ;
           one
           of
           the
           most
           noble
           ,
           most
           beautiful
           ,
           and
           richest
           Heiresses
           of
           her
           time
           ,
           who
           was
           educated
           at
           Bruxels
           ,
           in
           the
           Family
           of
           the
           Infanta
           Isabella
           .
        
         
           Upon
           these
           hopes
           ,
           which
           were
           not
           ill
           grounded
           (
           for
           the
           Spaniards
           had
           given
           him
           their
           word
           )
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Luynes
          
           sent
           a
           splendid
           
           Embassy
           into
           Germany
           ,
           consisting
           of
           Monsieurs
           
             d'
             Angouleme
             ,
             de
             Bethune
          
           ,
           and
           
             de
             Chateau-neuf
          
           ;
           who
           deceived
           the
           Protestant
           Princes
           ,
           that
           were
           armed
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           the
           Palatinate
           ;
           for
           it
           was
           concluded
           by
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Ulme
           ,
           where
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           both
           Parties
           were
           assembled
           ,
           to
           hearken
           to
           the
           propositions
           of
           France
           ;
           That
           both
           Catholics
           and
           Protestants
           should
           lay
           down
           their
           Arms
           ,
           and
           the
           Quarrel
           be
           decided
           by
           the
           King
           of
           Bohemia
           ,
           and
           the
           Emperor
           only
           .
           The
           Protestant
           Princes
           suffered
           themselves
           to
           be
           abused
           ,
           and
           did
           perform
           the
           Treaty
           honestly
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Marquess
           of
           Ansbatch
           ,
           the
           General
           of
           their
           Forces
           ,
           had
           orders
           to
           disband
           them
           ;
           but
           the
           Duke
           of
           Bavaria
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Catholic
           Princes
           of
           the
           same
           Parties
           ,
           sent
           their
           Troops
           by
           the
           Danube
           to
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           who
           overthrew
           the
           Prince
           Palatine
           at
           the
           battel
           of
           Prague
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Luynes
          
           ,
           having
           thus
           sufficiently
           raised
           his
           Family
           ,
           began
           to
           consider
           what
           might
           be
           for
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           councelled
           the
           King
           to
           weaken
           the
           Hugonots
           ,
           who
           as
           he
           told
           his
           Majesty
           ,
           had
           the
           Insolence
           to
           make
           a
           distinct
           State
           within
           themselves
           ,
           and
           had
           hitherto
           been
           held
           invincible
           ;
           hereupon
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Luynes
          
           seized
           upon
           all
           their
           important
           places
           ,
           except
           Montauban
           ,
           from
           Saumur
           to
           the
           Pyreneans
           ,
           and
           after
           his
           death
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1622
           ,
           pursuant
           to
           his
           Maxims
           Montpelier
           was
           taken
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           (
           some
           time
           after
           )
           Cardinal
           Richelieu
           counselled
           the
           King
           to
           
           attack
           Rochel
           ,
           which
           he
           gained
           ,
           and
           razed
           immediately
           ;
           and
           having
           in
           that
           destroyed
           the
           principal
           strength
           of
           the
           Hugonot
           Party
           ,
           their
           entire
           ruin
           soon
           followed
           ,
           upon
           the
           Duke
           of
           Rohans
           retreat
           to
           Venice
           ,
           who
           had
           a
           long
           time
           upheld
           them
           by
           his
           Valor
           and
           Industry
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           was
           sufficiently
           informed
           of
           this
           condition
           of
           France
           ,
           by
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Bovillon
           ,
           and
           
             dela
             Trimoille
          
           ,
           who
           had
           married
           his
           Sisters
           ;
           besides
           these
           ,
           he
           had
           a
           great
           many
           Friends
           in
           Germany
           ,
           where
           several
           of
           the
           Soveraign
           Princes
           were
           related
           to
           him
           ,
           either
           by
           his
           own
           side
           ,
           or
           his
           Mothers
           ,
           who
           was
           Daughter
           to
           Maurice
           Duke
           of
           Saxony
           .
           The
           Elector
           Palatine
           was
           his
           Nephew
           likewise
           ,
           and
           he
           afterwards
           was
           chose
           King
           of
           Bohemia
           ,
           which
           he
           accepted
           ,
           as
           't
           is
           said
           ,
           upon
           the
           advice
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           and
           the
           persuasions
           of
           the
           Princess
           his
           Lady
           ,
           though
           contrary
           to
           the
           Counsels
           of
           King
           Iames
           ,
           his
           Father
           in-law
           ,
           who
           thought
           a
           young
           Prince
           was
           not
           capable
           to
           manage
           an
           Affair
           of
           such
           Importance
           ,
           and
           resist
           the
           power
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           ;
           protesting
           that
           he
           would
           neither
           succor
           him
           with
           men
           nor
           money
           ,
           except
           he
           quitted
           this
           design
           ,
           which
           would
           infallibly
           become
           his
           ruin
           :
           but
           the
           Duke
           of
           Bovillon
           perswaded
           the
           Elector
           Palatine
           to
           the
           contrary
           ,
           as
           having
           some
           power
           over
           the
           young
           Prince
           ,
           who
           was
           his
           Nephew
           ,
           and
           had
           been
           bred
           up
           with
           him
           at
           Sedan
           ;
           and
           the
           Duke
           discovered
           some
           Ambition
           to
           have
           his
           Nephew
           
           a
           King
           ,
           when
           he
           wrote
           to
           some
           Friends
           at
           Paris
           ,
           that
           whilst
           Lewis
           was
           making
           Knights
           at
           Fountainbleau
           ,
           he
           was
           
             making
             Kings
          
           in
           Germany
           .
           But
           this
           Royalty
           did
           not
           continue
           above
           6
           months
           ,
           so
           that
           his
           Enemies
           called
           him
           a
           
             King
             of
             Snow
          
           ,
           because
           the
           single
           battle
           of
           Prague
           ,
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           year
           1621
           ,
           lost
           him
           all
           
             Bohemia
             ,
             Silesia
             ,
             Lusatia
             ,
             Moravia
             ,
          
           with
           the
           adjoyning
           Provinces
           ;
           and
           the
           year
           following
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Forces
           marching
           from
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           deprived
           him
           of
           the
           Palatinate
           itself
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           was
           not
           re-established
           ,
           but
           by
           Adolphus's
           Descent
           into
           
             Germany
             ;
             Charles
          
           Duke
           of
           Lorrain
           ,
           who
           died
           many
           years
           after
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           oldest
           Captains
           of
           the
           age
           ,
           signalized
           himself
           very
           much
           at
           the
           Battle
           of
           Pragne
           ,
           where
           Count
           Harcourt
           was
           likewise
           ,
           tho
           very
           young
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           return
           to
           Prince
           
             Maurice
             ;
             France
          
           being
           so
           apparently
           inclined
           to
           the
           Interests
           of
           Barnevelt's
           Party
           ,
           its
           Ministers
           ,
           which
           were
           then
           in
           Holland
           ,
           used
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           Prince
           Maurice
           would
           have
           pretended
           to
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           but
           that
           such
           People
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           beginning
           had
           been
           hottest
           against
           
             Mr.
             Barnevelt
          
           ,
           and
           most
           devoted
           to
           the
           Prince
           ;
           yet
           when
           they
           fathom'd
           his
           designs
           became
           averse
           to
           them
           ,
           notwithstanding
           their
           former
           obligations
           ;
           besides
           the
           Exile
           ,
           Death
           and
           Imprisonment
           of
           persons
           who
           had
           been
           so
           considerable
           in
           the
           State
           ,
           and
           had
           likewise
           a
           great
           many
           Friends
           and
           Dependants
           ,
           wrought
           a
           mighty
           change
           in
           
           the
           Peoples
           affections
           to
           the
           Prince
           ,
           which
           appeared
           very
           visibly
           ;
           for
           whereas
           before
           when
           he
           went
           through
           the
           Towns
           of
           Holland
           ,
           every
           body
           came
           out
           of
           their
           houses
           praying
           for
           him
           with
           extraordinary
           Acclamations
           ;
           now
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           one
           day
           going
           through
           the
           Market-place
           at
           Gorcum
           ,
           which
           was
           full
           of
           people
           ,
           there
           was
           scarce
           a
           single
           man
           that
           pull'd
           his
           Hat
           off
           to
           him
           :
           For
           the
           common
           people
           were
           so
           variable
           ,
           that
           the
           very
           Writings
           which
           heretofore
           had
           made
           
             Mr.
             Barnevelt
          
           become
           suspected
           by
           them
           ,
           were
           now
           produced
           as
           so
           many
           motives
           for
           their
           pity
           and
           compassion
           towards
           him
           .
           To
           this
           they
           added
           ,
           that
           the
           assistance
           which
           probably
           he
           might
           have
           hop'd
           for
           ,
           from
           the
           Elector
           Palatine
           ,
           was
           since
           the
           loss
           of
           the
           battle
           of
           Prague
           ,
           no
           longer
           to
           be
           expected
           ;
           and
           the
           Emperor
           Ferdinand
           the
           2d
           ,
           having
           by
           the
           happy
           success
           of
           his
           Generals
           ,
           Count
           Tilly
           ,
           and
           Wallestein
           ,
           made
           himself
           absolute
           Master
           of
           all
           Germany
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           Baltick
           Sea
           ,
           where
           he
           established
           an
           Admiralty
           at
           Wismar
           ,
           reduced
           all
           the
           Princes
           ,
           and
           Imperial
           Towns
           under
           his
           Obedience
           ;
           Prince
           Maurice
           could
           no
           longer
           expect
           Succors
           from
           Germany
           ,
           whatever
           Friends
           he
           might
           heretofore
           have
           had
           there
           .
        
         
           But
           those
           who
           adhered
           to
           the
           Interests
           of
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           and
           the
           House
           of
           Orange
           ,
           acquitted
           him
           of
           a
           Design
           so
           prejudicial
           to
           the
           good
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           by
           maintaining
           that
           it
           was
           a
           perfect
           Artifice
           of
           his
           
           Enemies
           ,
           to
           make
           him
           become
           odious
           to
           the
           People
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ;
           for
           said
           they
           ,
           what
           probability
           was
           there
           ,
           that
           Prince
           Maurice
           ever
           had
           it
           in
           his
           thoughts
           to
           become
           Soveraign
           of
           his
           Country
           ,
           since
           after
           the
           extirpation
           of
           Barnevelt
           and
           his
           party
           ,
           he
           never
           made
           one
           step
           towards
           it
           ,
           which
           he
           might
           have
           done
           ,
           having
           then
           no
           farther
           obstacles
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           did
           not
           long
           survive
           a
           great
           Conspiracy
           ,
           which
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Stautemburg
          
           ,
           youngest
           Son
           of
           Mr.
           Barnevelt
           ,
           had
           laid
           against
           his
           Life
           ,
           which
           being
           happily
           discovered
           some
           hours
           before
           its
           execution
           ,
           obliged
           him
           to
           punish
           a
           great
           number
           of
           the
           Conspirators
           ,
           throughout
           the
           pincipal
           Towns
           of
           Holland
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           was
           never
           married
           ,
           but
           had
           several
           Natural
           Children
           ,
           the
           most
           considerable
           of
           them
           all
           was
           Mousieur
           
             de
             Beververt
          
           ,
           a
           man
           very
           well
           made
           ,
           and
           very
           brave
           ,
           he
           was
           Governor
           of
           Bolduc
           ,
           after
           whose
           death
           the
           Prince
           of
           Tarentum
           had
           that
           Government
           ,
           and
           was
           succeeded
           by
           Collonel
           
             Fitz
             Patrick
          
           ,
           a
           Scotchman
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Maurice
           died
           in
           the
           Spring
           of
           the
           Year
           1625
           ,
           when
           the
           Marquess
           Spinola
           besieged
           the
           Town
           of
           Breda
           .
           And
           as
           some
           pretended
           it
           was
           for
           grief
           that
           he
           did
           not
           succeed
           in
           the
           Soveraignty
           ;
           so
           others
           said
           that
           it
           was
           ,
           because
           he
           could
           not
           relieve
           that
           place
           ,
           which
           was
           his
           own
           propriety
           ,
           and
           had
           been
           surprized
           by
           him
           34
           years
           before
           .
        
         
      
       
         
         
           
             
               FREDERICK
               HENRY
               .
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               .
            
             portrait
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           of
           Nassau
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           his
           Posterity
           .
        
         
           THis
           Prince
           was
           born
           the
           28th
           of
           February
           1584.
           
           He
           was
           of
           a
           good
           mein
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           strong
           make
           ,
           and
           his
           parts
           were
           as
           eminent
           ,
           as
           his
           person
           was
           agreeable
           .
           He
           was
           a
           very
           great
           Captain
           ,
           and
           equall'd
           the
           Glory
           of
           his
           Brother
           Maurice
           ,
           who
           taught
           him
           the
           Art
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           lead
           him
           into
           the
           most
           dangerous
           Adventures
           ;
           and
           amongst
           others
           ,
           at
           the
           battle
           of
           Newport
           ,
           where
           though
           he
           was
           very
           young
           ,
           he
           contributed
           much
           by
           his
           Valor
           to
           the
           gaining
           that
           great
           Victory
           in
           a
           conjuncture
           ,
           where
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           had
           before
           them
           a
           powerful
           body
           of
           men
           commanded
           by
           Albert
           the
           Arch-duke
           in
           person
           ,
           and
           the
           Sea
           behind
           them
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           was
           absolutely
           necessary
           ,
           either
           to
           make
           themselves
           Conquerors
           or
           to
           perish
           .
        
         
           When
           Prince
           Maurice
           died
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1625
           ,
           he
           advised
           his
           Brother
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           his
           chief
           Heir
           ,
           to
           marry
           Madam
           
             de
             Solmes
          
           (
           who
           was
           come
           into
           Holland
           with
           the
           Queen
           of
           Bohemia
           )
           whose
           Beauty
           and
           good
           Carriage
           were
           accompanied
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           
           of
           Modesty
           and
           Prudence
           ;
           she
           died
           a
           little
           while
           ago
           ,
           being
           very
           antient
           ,
           and
           her
           Name
           was
           Amelia
           ,
           Daughter
           to
           
             Iohn
             Albert
          
           Count
           
             de
             Solmes
          
           .
        
         
           This
           Prince
           had
           one
           Son
           ,
           and
           four
           Daughters
           ,
           the
           eldest
           of
           these
           Ladies
           married
           
             Frederick
             William
          
           the
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburg
           ,
           by
           whom
           she
           had
           several
           Children
           .
           This
           Prince
           has
           the
           greatest
           Territories
           in
           all
           Germany
           ,
           they
           reaching
           from
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           to
           Poland
           and
           Curland
           .
        
         
           The
           2d
           Daughter
           
             Henrietta
             Emilia
          
           ,
           married
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Nassau
          
           .
           The
           3d
           
             Henrietta
             Catherina
          
           ,
           married
           
             Iohn
             George
          
           Prince
           of
           Anhalt
           ;
           and
           the
           4th
           married
           the
           Duke
           of
           Simeren
           ,
           the
           youngest
           Son
           of
           the
           House
           Palatine
           ,
           who
           died
           a
           little
           while
           ago
           .
        
         
           The
           Son
           was
           called
           William
           ,
           was
           born
           in
           1626
           ,
           and
           died
           the
           6th
           of
           November
           1650
           ,
           after
           the
           business
           of
           Amsterdam
           .
           He
           was
           a
           Prince
           naturally
           ambitious
           ,
           and
           of
           great
           Courage
           ,
           so
           that
           his
           Enemies
           reported
           of
           him
           ,
           that
           though
           he
           was
           so
           young
           ,
           yet
           he
           aimed
           at
           the
           execution
           of
           that
           design
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           laid
           to
           Prince
           Maurice's
           charge
           ,
           by
           Barnevelt
           and
           his
           Adherents
           .
           His
           sudden
           death
           changed
           the
           whole
           face
           of
           affairs
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           .
           He
           had
           great
           prospects
           from
           his
           alliance
           of
           England
           ,
           having
           married
           
             Princess
             Mary
          
           ,
           Daughter
           of
           Charles
           the
           first
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           left
           Prince
           
             William
             Henry
          
           of
           Nassau
           (
           now
           King
           of
           
             England
             ,
             &c.
          
           )
           who
           was
           born
           the
           14th
           of
           
           November
           1650
           ,
           some
           days
           after
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Father
           .
        
         
           This
           young
           Prince
           William
           was
           very
           remarkable
           in
           his
           Infancy
           ,
           for
           his
           reservedness
           and
           moderation
           ;
           his
           Prudence
           increased
           as
           he
           grew
           up
           ,
           and
           such
           people
           as
           were
           nice
           observers
           of
           merit
           ,
           and
           took
           great
           notice
           of
           him
           ,
           have
           affirmed
           ,
           that
           never
           Prince
           gave
           greater
           hopes
           than
           he
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           most
           tender
           years
           .
           He
           suffered
           with
           an
           admirable
           temper
           the
           injuries
           of
           Barnevelt's
           Party
           ,
           which
           revived
           itself
           in
           the
           persons
           of
           the
           two
           De-wits
           ,
           who
           were
           Brothers
           ;
           expecting
           with
           a
           silent
           patience
           ,
           which
           was
           greater
           much
           than
           that
           of
           his
           Ancestor
           ,
           the
           great
           Prince
           William
           ,
           what
           time
           would
           produce
           ,
           and
           what
           favorable
           occasions
           might
           occur
           ,
           at
           last
           for
           his
           Re-establishment
           ;
           for
           having
           by
           a
           solemn
           sentence
           been
           deprived
           of
           all
           the
           Employments
           of
           his
           Family
           ,
           after
           the
           sudden
           death
           of
           the
           Prince
           his
           Father
           ;
           he
           was
           restored
           to
           them
           again
           ,
           at
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           last
           war
           ,
           by
           an
           Ordinance
           that
           was
           made
           on
           purpose
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           His
           Rise
           and
           Re-establishment
           were
           owing
           to
           France
           ,
           which
           having
           made
           great
           Conquests
           for
           almost
           8
           years
           together
           ;
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Frontier
           Towns
           ,
           and
           several
           capital
           places
           of
           the
           Provinces
           Utrecht
           and
           Zutphen
           among
           others
           ,
           were
           rendered
           up
           at
           the
           very
           sight
           of
           their
           Armies
           ,
           though
           these
           places
           were
           provided
           with
           large
           Garrisons
           ,
           yet
           being
           composed
           of
           Officers
           and
           
           Men
           without
           any
           experience
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           France
           became
           Master
           of
           more
           than
           40
           places
           ,
           in
           less
           than
           two
           months
           .
           These
           misfortunes
           ,
           which
           seemed
           to
           be
           the
           presages
           of
           greater
           ,
           and
           had
           put
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           into
           the
           utmost
           consternation
           ,
           gave
           occasion
           to
           the
           People
           to
           complain
           of
           the
           ill
           conduct
           of
           the
           two
           
             De
             Wits
          
           ,
           who
           governed
           till
           that
           time
           ;
           and
           furnished
           those
           who
           adhered
           to
           the
           House
           of
           Nassau
           with
           a
           reasonable
           pretext
           to
           affirm
           ,
           that
           the
           Princes
           of
           Orange
           were
           only
           able
           to
           uphold
           their
           tottering
           State
           ,
           and
           defend
           them
           against
           their
           most
           potent
           Enemies
           ;
           and
           that
           ,
           as
           heretofore
           ,
           they
           had
           protected
           them
           against
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           Spain
           ,
           so
           it
           was
           they
           alone
           who
           could
           preserve
           them
           from
           the
           Fury
           and
           Violence
           of
           the
           French
           Armies
           .
        
         
           The
           Grand-mother
           of
           this
           young
           Prince
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           Woman
           of
           a
           Masculine
           courage
           ,
           and
           suffered
           the
           indignities
           that
           had
           been
           offered
           to
           the
           House
           of
           Orange
           with
           great
           impatience
           ,
           having
           beheld
           it
           ,
           in
           its
           greatest
           splendour
           ,
           was
           not
           a
           little
           serviceable
           in
           stirring
           up
           all
           the
           creatures
           and
           dependants
           on
           the
           House
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           who
           were
           very
           numerous
           ;
           these
           people
           being
           angry
           to
           see
           themselves
           fallen
           from
           their
           credit
           ,
           the
           principal
           employments
           being
           given
           to
           the
           Sons
           of
           Burgomasters
           ;
           and
           seconded
           by
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           that
           were
           grown
           out
           of
           all
           patience
           at
           so
           many
           disasters
           ,
           and
           the
           sight
           of
           a
           victorious
           Army
           ,
           through
           the
           very
           bowels
           
           of
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           massacred
           the
           Enemies
           of
           the
           
             Young
             Prince
          
           ,
           who
           was
           afterwards
           restored
           to
           the
           possession
           of
           all
           the
           dignities
           that
           had
           belonged
           to
           his
           Ancestors
           ,
           which
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           of
           General
           of
           their
           Forces
           ,
           Stadt-holder
           and
           Admiral
           ,
           which
           were
           moreover
           by
           a
           solemn
           decree
           made
           hereditary
           to
           his
           Family
           .
        
         
           Upon
           this
           occasion
           it
           cannot
           but
           be
           admired
           ,
           how
           so
           powerful
           a
           State
           ,
           that
           had
           made
           head
           for
           Fourscore
           years
           against
           the
           Crown
           of
           Spain
           ,
           had
           taken
           such
           large
           Towns
           ,
           and
           gained
           so
           many
           Battels
           ,
           and
           had
           become
           formidable
           at
           Sea
           to
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           having
           carried
           its
           Arms
           and
           Victory
           to
           the
           farthest
           part
           of
           the
           Earth
           ;
           that
           this
           State
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           which
           had
           rendred
           itself
           so
           famous
           by
           the
           long
           defence
           of
           Ostend
           ,
           which
           has
           equall'd
           the
           reputation
           of
           the
           famous
           Sieges
           of
           Tire
           ,
           and
           the
           ancient
           Troy
           ,
           should
           be
           reduced
           in
           less
           than
           two
           months
           to
           the
           very
           brink
           of
           its
           ruine
           ;
           and
           it
           had
           assuredly
           been
           destroyed
           in
           the
           year
           1672
           ,
           if
           by
           a
           desperate
           resolution
           it
           had
           not
           resolved
           to
           save
           itself
           by
           drowning
           part
           of
           the
           Country
           ;
           as
           a
           Pilot
           who
           throws
           all
           his
           Cargo
           overboard
           ,
           during
           a
           furious
           Storm
           ,
           that
           so
           he
           may
           preserve
           his
           Men
           and
           Vessel
           .
        
         
           But
           those
           who
           knew
           the
           constitution
           of
           these
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           were
           not
           ignorant
           that
           discord
           is
           the
           plague
           and
           certain
           destruction
           of
           the
           most
           flourishing
           States
           ,
           were
           not
           so
           much
           amazed
           ,
           considering
           it
           was
           more
           than
           
           Threescore
           years
           since
           that
           Country
           had
           been
           torn
           in
           pieces
           by
           two
           contrary
           Factions
           ,
           which
           threatned
           its
           subversion
           without
           any
           Foreign
           Forces
           :
           This
           Gangreen
           likewise
           had
           so
           seized
           upon
           the
           most
           noble
           parts
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           year
           1672
           ,
           by
           a
           strange
           fatality
           and
           an
           unaccountable
           passion
           ,
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           chief
           Persons
           in
           that
           Country
           ,
           desired
           the
           loss
           of
           their
           Land
           Army
           ,
           and
           the
           defeat
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           whose
           Rise
           and
           Power
           they
           so
           much
           envied
           :
           For
           this
           reason
           they
           had
           not
           sufficiently
           provided
           his
           Army
           with
           necessary
           provisions
           ,
           whilst
           they
           applied
           their
           principal
           cares
           to
           increase
           the
           Fleet
           ,
           to
           resist
           the
           Kings
           of
           England
           and
           France
           ,
           who
           attacked
           them
           jointly
           with
           a
           Navy
           of
           above
           Fourscore
           Men
           of
           War.
           
        
         
           But
           it
           is
           not
           less
           surprizing
           to
           consider
           the
           expedition
           the
           French
           made
           in
           this
           Campaign
           ,
           when
           as
           these
           people
           for
           fear
           of
           becoming
           subject
           to
           the
           House
           of
           Orange
           ,
           allied
           to
           these
           great
           Monarchs
           ,
           had
           committed
           a
           considerable
           fault
           in
           their
           Politicks
           :
           for
           after
           the
           Peace
           of
           Munster
           ,
           imagining
           themselves
           to
           be
           in
           perfect
           security
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           had
           nothing
           more
           to
           be
           afraid
           of
           ,
           and
           being
           acknowledged
           Soveraigns
           by
           Spain
           ,
           they
           might
           rather
           give
           Laws
           than
           receive
           them
           from
           any
           body
           .
           They
           disbanded
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           their
           old
           Forces
           ,
           that
           were
           Strangers
           ,
           and
           those
           experienced
           Officers
           who
           had
           gained
           so
           great
           Glory
           to
           their
           Country
           ,
           imagining
           
           that
           the
           surest
           means
           of
           freeing
           themselves
           from
           the
           Slavery
           which
           they
           thought
           themselves
           threatened
           with
           ,
           was
           to
           take
           from
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           the
           support
           of
           his
           Government
           ,
           by
           reforming
           those
           Troops
           which
           looked
           upon
           him
           as
           their
           Master
           ,
           having
           taken
           an
           Oath
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           were
           devoted
           perfectly
           to
           his
           service
           .
        
         
           Besides
           the
           principal
           men
           in
           the
           Country
           had
           ,
           as
           they
           thought
           ,
           some
           interest
           in
           this
           change
           ,
           for
           they
           gave
           all
           the
           Commands
           in
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           the
           Government
           of
           places
           to
           their
           own
           Relations
           ,
           thinking
           by
           the
           assistance
           of
           this
           Souldiery
           to
           sortifie
           themselves
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           weaken
           the
           House
           of
           Orange
           ;
           but
           they
           found
           by
           sad
           experience
           ,
           that
           endeavoring
           to
           avoid
           one
           inconvenience
           ,
           they
           fell
           quickly
           into
           a
           greater
           .
           For
           having
           given
           the
           great
           Employments
           in
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           Government
           of
           places
           to
           Sons
           of
           Burgomasters
           ,
           and
           Deputies
           of
           Towns
           ;
           People
           without
           any
           experience
           ,
           and
           who
           wanted
           Tutors
           for
           themselves
           ,
           rather
           than
           to
           be
           Commanders
           ;
           when
           a
           strong
           and
           powerful
           Enemy
           made
           War
           against
           them
           ,
           these
           young
           men
           show'd
           none
           of
           their
           Northern
           courage
           in
           this
           storm
           and
           danger
           ,
           for
           there
           were
           places
           that
           were
           garrisoned
           with
           5000
           Foot
           and
           800
           Horse
           ,
           that
           rendred
           themselves
           all
           Prisoners
           of
           War
           ,
           at
           the
           very
           sight
           of
           the
           French
           Army
           ,
           without
           making
           any
           resistance
           .
        
         
         
           My
           Brother
           
             de
             la
             Villaumaine
          
           ,
           who
           came
           into
           France
           a
           little
           before
           this
           last
           War
           ,
           giving
           me
           an
           account
           of
           the
           state
           of
           the
           Army
           in
           Holland
           ,
           told
           me
           that
           if
           a
           powerful
           Enemy
           should
           attack
           them
           ,
           the
           Officers
           must
           resolve
           to
           perish
           and
           bear
           the
           brunt
           in
           their
           own
           persons
           ;
           having
           no
           confidence
           in
           the
           Souldiers
           they
           commanded
           ,
           who
           did
           not
           know
           how
           to
           manage
           their
           Arms
           ;
           a
           Prophecy
           which
           was
           since
           accomplished
           at
           the
           expence
           of
           his
           Life
           ;
           A
           little
           before
           he
           told
           me
           likewise
           ,
           that
           the
           Dutch
           Horse
           were
           so
           ill
           equipped
           ,
           that
           50
           Reyters
           of
           Munster
           would
           put
           to
           flight
           two
           or
           three
           Hundred
           Dutch
           Troopers
           ,
           who
           would
           fly
           before
           these
           Germans
           as
           Sheep
           before
           a
           Wolf.
           
        
         
           There
           happened
           the
           like
           inconvenience
           to
           the
           Swedes
           ,
           for
           having
           committed
           the
           same
           fault
           as
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           because
           after
           the
           Peace
           of
           Munster
           ,
           they
           likewise
           disbanded
           the
           old
           Troops
           which
           had
           done
           such
           great
           actions
           ,
           and
           revived
           the
           antient
           Glory
           of
           the
           Goths
           ,
           who
           had
           conquered
           a
           great
           part
           of
           Europe
           ,
           being
           so
           bold
           as
           to
           attack
           the
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburg
           and
           his
           old
           Souldiers
           ,
           with
           their
           new
           Levies
           ,
           that
           never
           durst
           maintain
           their
           ground
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           were
           always
           beaten
           when
           he
           could
           joyn
           them
           ;
           so
           that
           if
           by
           an
           extraordinary
           good
           fortune
           they
           had
           not
           had
           so
           faithful
           ,
           and
           so
           mighty
           a
           Protector
           as
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           they
           had
           quite
           lost
           Pomerania
           ,
           and
           been
           sent
           back
           to
           their
           own
           cold
           Countries
           beyond
           the
           Baltick
           Sea
           :
        
         
         
           All
           which
           shows
           us
           that
           a
           Prince
           ought
           always
           to
           keep
           a
           large
           body
           of
           old
           Troops
           to
           defend
           his
           State
           ,
           which
           without
           such
           a
           support
           runs
           the
           hazard
           of
           becoming
           a
           prey
           to
           the
           first
           Enemy
           that
           shall
           be
           bold
           ,
           and
           strong
           enough
           to
           attack
           it
           .
        
         
           To
           these
           two
           causes
           of
           the
           extremities
           to
           which
           Holland
           was
           reduced
           in
           1672
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           to
           the
           intestine
           divisions
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           disbanding
           of
           the
           old
           foreign
           Souldiers
           ;
           there
           may
           a
           third
           be
           likewise
           added
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           extraordinary
           and
           unheard
           of
           drowth
           that
           happen'd
           that
           year
           ;
           for
           it
           was
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           the
           Rhine
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           Rivers
           in
           Europe
           ,
           that
           carries
           Men
           of
           War
           ,
           was
           so
           low
           ,
           that
           the
           French
           Troops
           were
           able
           to
           ford
           it
           ;
           so
           the
           Country
           being
           frightned
           to
           see
           itself
           attacked
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           by
           the
           powers
           of
           France
           and
           England
           united
           to
           its
           ruine
           ,
           was
           reduced
           to
           the
           utmost
           despair
           ,
           seeing
           Heaven
           conspire
           to
           their
           destruction
           ,
           by
           taking
           away
           those
           Ramparts
           which
           Nature
           had
           designed
           for
           its
           preservation
           .
        
         
           The
           French
           Army
           for
           the
           reasons
           before
           mentioned
           ,
           had
           penetrated
           into
           the
           very
           Heart
           of
           the
           Country
           ,
           and
           40
           places
           were
           taken
           in
           a
           small
           space
           of
           time
           ,
           whereas
           the
           State
           thought
           they
           might
           have
           found
           work
           for
           20
           years
           ,
           these
           people
           that
           were
           a
           little
           too
           haughty
           in
           their
           prosperity
           ,
           lay
           then
           under
           a
           terrible
           consternation
           ;
           almost
           in
           the
           same
           condition
           as
           the
           Venetians
           were
           heretofore
           ,
           when
           King
           Lewis
           the
           12th
           made
           himself
           
           Master
           of
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Territories
           which
           they
           had
           upon
           the
           Continent
           .
           Being
           in
           this
           despair
           ,
           they
           were
           constrained
           to
           the
           last
           Remedy
           ,
           which
           was
           to
           overflow
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           breaking
           down
           their
           Dykes
           to
           oppose
           a
           Sea
           to
           the
           French
           forces
           ,
           so
           hindring
           them
           from
           passing
           further
           ,
           they
           averted
           the
           ruine
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           which
           else
           had
           assuredly
           run
           its
           period
           .
        
         
           Heretofore
           seeing
           themselves
           reduced
           to
           a
           like
           extremity
           ,
           they
           made
           use
           of
           the
           same
           Remedy
           against
           the
           Spanish
           Army
           at
           the
           Siege
           of
           Leyden
           ,
           having
           succoured
           the
           place
           then
           at
           the
           very
           point
           of
           being
           lost
           ,
           with
           an
           innumerable
           company
           of
           Boats
           ,
           which
           swum
           upon
           the
           Land
           ,
           which
           they
           had
           overflow'd
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           were
           reduced
           to
           so
           strange
           circumstances
           ,
           and
           to
           such
           a
           height
           of
           despair
           ,
           that
           the
           principal
           persons
           amongst
           them
           proposed
           ,
           in
           imitation
           of
           the
           ancient
           Switzers
           ,
           to
           burn
           all
           their
           Towns
           ,
           Villages
           and
           Castles
           ,
           and
           to
           spoyl
           the
           Country
           as
           much
           as
           they
           could
           ,
           and
           go
           on
           board
           their
           Ships
           to
           settle
           themselves
           in
           the
           Indies
           ,
           so
           to
           be
           delivered
           from
           the
           Spanish
           Tyranny
           ;
           but
           they
           had
           not
           Vessels
           enough
           to
           transport
           a
           fourth
           part
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           were
           unwilling
           to
           leave
           the
           greater
           number
           to
           the
           mercy
           of
           so
           pityless
           an
           Enemy
           :
           and
           for
           a
           Motto
           of
           the
           lamentable
           condition
           which
           this
           Country
           was
           then
           reduced
           to
           ,
           they
           engraved
           upon
           the
           Money
           which
           they
           coyned
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           a
           Vessel
           
           without
           Masts
           and
           Sayls
           ,
           tost
           by
           the
           waves
           and
           storm
           ,
           with
           these
           words
           ,
           
             Incertum
             quó
             fata
             ferant
          
           :
           words
           which
           represented
           the
           extremity
           of
           their
           condition
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           return
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ;
           He
           appeared
           at
           the
           head
           of
           an
           Army
           at
           22
           years
           old
           ;
           as
           his
           Great
           Grandfather
           Prince
           William
           ,
           who
           was
           Generalissimo
           to
           the
           Emperour
           Charles
           the
           V.
           at
           the
           same
           Age
           ;
           and
           throughout
           the
           course
           of
           this
           great
           War
           ,
           he
           show'd
           so
           much
           Courage
           and
           Conduct
           ,
           both
           in
           Sieges
           and
           Battels
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           assuredly
           pass'd
           the
           Actions
           of
           his
           Illustrious
           Ancestors
           ,
           who
           for
           200
           years
           serv'd
           for
           a
           model
           to
           the
           greatest
           Generals
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           not
           had
           the
           misfortune
           to
           be
           born
           in
           the
           age
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           whose
           Genius
           and
           Power
           no
           common
           forces
           could
           stand
           against
           .
           I
           do
           not
           design
           to
           make
           an
           exact
           Journal
           of
           the
           Actions
           of
           his
           Illustrious
           Father
           Prince
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           ,
           since
           they
           may
           be
           learnt
           from
           other
           .
           Histories
           ,
           but
           speak
           of
           them
           in
           general
           ,
           and
           relate
           some
           certain
           passages
           not
           commonly
           known
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1626
           he
           took
           Oldensell
           ,
           Capital
           of
           the
           Country
           of
           Tui●…z
           ,
           in
           the
           Neighbourhood
           of
           Friezeland
           and
           Groninghen
           :
           and
           the
           same
           year
           
             Peter
             Hein
          
           ,
           one
           of
           his
           Vice-Admirals
           ,
           in
           the
           Bay
           of
           
             Todos
             los
             ▪
             Santos
          
           ,
           in
           the
           Road
           of
           
             St.
             Salvador
          
           ,
           took
           a
           Spanish
           Fleet
           laden
           with
           Sugar
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1627
           he
           took
           Grolle
           ,
           before
           the
           face
           of
           Count
           
             Henry
             de
             Bergues
          
           ,
           General
           of
           a
           powerful
           Spanish
           Army
           ,
           that
           could
           put
           
           no
           succours
           into
           it
           ,
           nor
           make
           the
           Prince
           raise
           his
           Siege
           ,
           he
           being
           so
           well
           entrenched
           against
           the
           Enemies
           Army
           .
           At
           the
           end
           of
           the
           year
           1627
           the
           same
           
             Peter
             Hein
          
           mentioned
           before
           ,
           took
           the
           Spanish
           Silver
           Fleet
           near
           the
           Isle
           of
           Cuba
           .
           This
           prize
           ,
           without
           reckoning
           the
           Galeons
           and
           Vessels
           ,
           was
           esteemed
           at
           more
           than
           twenty
           Millions
           ;
           there
           were
           ,
           besides
           other
           Riches
           ,
           356000
           Marks
           of
           Silver
           ,
           and
           300000
           Marks
           of
           Gold
           ,
           abundance
           of
           Pearls
           ,
           Cochinele
           ,
           Jewels
           ,
           Bezoar
           ,
           Musk
           ,
           Ambergreese
           ,
           250
           Chests
           of
           Sugar
           ,
           and
           an
           infinite
           number
           of
           Stuffs
           ,
           and
           other
           merchandizes
           of
           great
           value
           .
           This
           Vice-admiral
           
             Peter
             Hein
          
           arrived
           gloriously
           in
           Holland
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           year
           1629
           ,
           which
           was
           remarkable
           by
           the
           Conquest
           of
           the
           strong
           Town
           of
           Bolduc
           ,
           where
           by
           a
           Siege
           that
           was
           very
           long
           and
           difficult
           ,
           Prince
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           show'd
           by
           his
           conduct
           and
           valour
           that
           he
           could
           overcome
           that
           which
           had
           resisted
           his
           Brother
           Maurice
           ,
           who
           had
           heretofore
           attacqued
           that
           important
           place
           without
           success
           .
           But
           what
           was
           more
           marvellous
           was
           ,
           that
           whilst
           Prince
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           lay
           before
           the
           place
           ,
           Count
           
             Henry
             de
             Bergues
          
           having
           pass'd
           the
           River
           Isell
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           ,
           ravaged
           all
           the
           Country
           of
           Utrecht
           ,
           where
           he
           seized
           upon
           Amersfort
           ,
           and
           put
           Holland
           into
           such
           a
           consternation
           that
           several
           people
           counselled
           the
           Prince
           to
           quit
           his
           enterprize
           upon
           Bolduc
           ,
           and
           succor
           the
           heart
           of
           his
           Country
           which
           was
           made
           desolate
           by
           the
           
           Enemy
           ;
           but
           he
           had
           the
           constancy
           to
           persevere
           ,
           till
           he
           had
           made
           himself
           Master
           of
           so
           considerable
           a
           Town
           ,
           without
           being
           moved
           by
           the
           Councels
           of
           his
           chief
           Officers
           ,
           or
           the
           Lamentations
           of
           the
           People
           that
           had
           been
           plundered
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           same
           time
           the
           Prince
           by
           the
           vigilance
           and
           resolution
           of
           
             Otho
             de
             Guent
          
           Lord
           of
           Dieden
           ,
           Governour
           of
           Emeric
           ,
           having
           happily
           surprized
           the
           Town
           of
           Wesel
           ,
           where
           was
           the
           Magazine
           and
           Artillery
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Army
           (
           which
           obliged
           Count
           
             Henry
             de
             Bergues
          
           to
           repass
           the
           Issel
           in
           all
           the
           haste
           imaginable
           )
           he
           gained
           by
           this
           double
           conquest
           the
           reputation
           not
           only
           of
           a
           very
           brave
           ,
           but
           likewise
           of
           a
           very
           fortunate
           Captain
           ;
           a
           quality
           so
           desirable
           to
           a
           General
           ,
           that
           Scilla
           the
           Dictator
           preferred
           the
           surname
           of
           Happy
           to
           that
           of
           Great
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1630
           he
           seized
           upon
           the
           Town
           of
           Olind
           in
           Brazil
           ,
           by
           the
           conduct
           of
           his
           Vice-Admirals
           ;
           and
           the
           same
           year
           Count
           
             Iohn
             de
             Nassau
          
           ,
           his
           Cousin
           ,
           who
           for
           some
           discontent
           had
           gone
           out
           of
           the
           Dutch
           service
           to
           that
           of
           Spain
           ,
           was
           defeated
           near
           the
           Rhine
           ,
           and
           taken
           by
           Collonel
           Illestein
           ,
           who
           was
           not
           half
           so
           strong
           ;
           he
           was
           carried
           Prisoner
           to
           Wesel
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           was
           ransomed
           for
           18000
           Rix
           Dollers
           .
        
         
           The
           year
           following
           the
           same
           Count
           
             Iohn
             de
             Nassau
          
           ,
           who
           had
           gathered
           together
           a
           very
           strong
           Fleet
           in
           hopes
           to
           surprize
           Willemstat
           ,
           he
           was
           totally
           defeated
           by
           the
           
           Hollanders
           ,
           above
           4000
           of
           his
           men
           taken
           Prisoners
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           either
           slain
           or
           wounded
           ,
           and
           the
           Count
           had
           much
           ado
           to
           save
           himself
           with
           the
           Prince
           of
           Brabanzoon
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           same
           year
           1631
           ,
           the
           States
           General
           ,
           to
           gratify
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           to
           testify
           their
           acknowledgment
           for
           the
           services
           which
           he
           had
           continually
           done
           his
           Country
           ,
           gave
           the
           reversion
           of
           all
           his
           Offices
           to
           his
           Son
           
             Prince
             William
          
           ,
           and
           the
           writings
           for
           it
           were
           presented
           to
           the
           young
           Prince
           in
           a
           Box
           of
           Gold.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1632
           ,
           Prince
           Henry
           after
           having
           taken
           
             Ruremond
             ,
             Venlo
          
           and
           Strale
           ,
           he
           set
           about
           the
           conquest
           of
           Maestricht
           ,
           a
           place
           somewhat
           distant
           from
           Holland
           ,
           scituated
           upon
           the
           River
           Meuse
           ,
           in
           the
           confines
           of
           Brabant
           ,
           where
           he
           provided
           his
           Ammunition
           and
           Victuals
           for
           the
           Siege
           with
           so
           much
           Prudence
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           enough
           to
           make
           himself
           Master
           of
           the
           place
           ;
           he
           had
           surrounded
           it
           with
           a
           great
           circumvallation
           ,
           which
           the
           Spanish
           Army
           could
           not
           force
           ,
           no
           more
           than
           another
           German
           Army
           ,
           under
           
             Henry
             Godfry
          
           ,
           Count
           of
           Papenheim
           ,
           a
           famous
           Captain
           ;
           both
           which
           were
           constrained
           to
           retire
           with
           disgrace
           ,
           after
           several
           efforts
           that
           were
           unsuccessful
           ,
           and
           many
           considerable
           losses
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1633
           the
           Prince
           besieged
           and
           took
           Rhineberg
           ,
           and
           the
           year
           following
           the
           Spaniards
           having
           besieged
           the
           Fort
           of
           Phillipin
           ,
           which
           incommoded
           the
           Town
           of
           Ghent
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           made
           them
           raise
           the
           
           Siege
           .
           A
           little
           before
           Count
           
             Henry
             de
             Bergue
          
           ,
           complaining
           that
           he
           was
           ill
           used
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           had
           quitted
           their
           service
           and
           retired
           into
           Holland
           ,
           upon
           which
           he
           published
           a
           Manifesto
           ;
           and
           two
           years
           after
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1634
           ,
           he
           was
           condemned
           as
           contumacious
           ,
           to
           have
           his
           Head
           cut
           off
           ,
           by
           the
           sentence
           of
           the
           Court
           of
           Mechlin
           .
           In
           this
           place
           I
           must
           tell
           you
           how
           in
           the
           year
           1628
           ,
           after
           the
           taking
           of
           Rochel
           ,
           the
           Cardinal
           Richelieu
           ,
           who
           was
           absolute
           Governour
           in
           France
           ,
           was
           mighty
           desirous
           to
           gain
           the
           reputation
           of
           having
           destroyed
           all
           the
           retreats
           of
           Heresie
           ,
           having
           an
           unmeasurable
           desire
           of
           making
           himself
           be
           canoniz'd
           ;
           and
           to
           arrive
           at
           it
           the
           more
           easily
           he
           made
           his
           Confessors
           say
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           never
           committed
           so
           much
           as
           a
           Venial
           Sin
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           often
           heard
           from
           Mr.
           
             Lescot
             de
             S.
             Quintin
          
           ,
           his
           Confessor
           ,
           whom
           he
           made
           Bishop
           of
           Chartes
           :
           as
           crafty
           a
           man
           as
           ever
           came
           out
           of
           Picardy
           ,
           who
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           freedom
           and
           apparent
           simplicity
           ,
           conceal'd
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           subtilty
           and
           artifice
           .
           The
           Cardinal
           to
           gain
           a
           reputation
           among
           the
           Zealots
           for
           the
           Catholic
           Religion
           ,
           had
           treated
           underhand
           with
           
             Iohn
             Osmael
          
           Lord
           of
           Walkembourg
           ,
           Governour
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           seemed
           discontented
           with
           his
           Master
           ,
           to
           deliver
           up
           the
           place
           to
           him
           .
           This
           man
           bred
           up
           by
           the
           Family
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           intrusted
           by
           Prince
           Henry
           with
           the
           charge
           of
           his
           Soveraignty
           ,
           was
           gained
           by
           the
           promise
           of
           four
           hundred
           thousand
           Livres
           in
           ready
           Money
           ,
           and
           an
           
           Estate
           of
           twenty
           thousand
           Livres
           a
           Year
           in
           Provence
           ,
           whither
           he
           designed
           to
           retire
           and
           renounce
           Calvinism
           ,
           having
           no
           other
           Religion
           besides
           his
           interest
           .
           But
           this
           affair
           being
           long
           in
           hand
           ,
           and
           Walkembourg
           resolving
           not
           to
           render
           the
           place
           till
           the
           Money
           was
           paid
           down
           ,
           the
           Prince
           was
           so
           happy
           as
           to
           get
           some
           intimation
           of
           this
           Treason
           :
           He
           dispatched
           the
           
             Sieur
             Knuth
          
           ,
           a
           Zealander
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           Resolution
           ,
           in
           whom
           he
           had
           an
           entire
           confidence
           ,
           with
           an
           express
           order
           to
           dispatch
           this
           Traytor
           ;
           but
           that
           he
           might
           not
           cause
           the
           least
           suspicion
           ,
           he
           sent
           him
           to
           Orange
           alone
           ,
           as
           pretending
           other
           business
           .
           This
           Knuth
           with
           whom
           I
           was
           acquainted
           ,
           and
           who
           was
           a
           very
           bold
           and
           dexterous
           person
           ,
           having
           made
           sure
           of
           the
           principal
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           of
           several
           Gentlemen
           in
           the
           Principality
           of
           Orange
           ,
           watched
           his
           opportunity
           to
           surprize
           the
           Governour
           ;
           who
           being
           one
           day
           come
           down
           from
           the
           Castle
           into
           the
           Town
           ,
           with
           very
           little
           company
           ,
           contrary
           to
           his
           usual
           custom
           ,
           he
           attack'd
           and
           killed
           him
           in
           the
           house
           of
           one
           Pyse
           a
           Scrivener
           ,
           whether
           he
           was
           retired
           .
           Afterwards
           Knuth
           went
           directly
           to
           the
           Castle
           ,
           where
           the
           Lieutenant
           after
           having
           levelled
           the
           Cannon
           against
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           being
           doubtful
           for
           some
           time
           what
           he
           should
           do
           ,
           at
           last
           received
           him
           upon
           sight
           of
           the
           Prince's
           order
           ,
           and
           took
           a
           new
           Oath
           of
           Fidelity
           to
           Prince
           .
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           together
           with
           all
           the
           Garrison
           ;
           the
           Prince
           
           afterwards
           sent
           the
           Baron
           
             de
             Dona
          
           his
           Brother-in-law
           to
           command
           in
           the
           place
           .
        
         
           This
           Walkembourg
           had
           married
           the
           Daughter
           of
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Bic
          
           ,
           Treasurer
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           a
           Lady
           of
           great
           probity
           and
           merit
           ,
           who
           had
           used
           all
           possible
           endeavours
           to
           alter
           his
           pernicious
           designs
           .
           She
           had
           the
           trouble
           as
           well
           as
           his
           Daughters
           to
           see
           him
           expire
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           render
           himself
           to
           Knuth
           ,
           after
           having
           been
           wounded
           through
           a
           Chamber-door
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           for
           a
           long
           time
           defended
           himself
           .
           I
           have
           heard
           my
           Father
           relate
           this
           story
           with
           great
           indignation
           ,
           he
           being
           a
           professed
           Enemy
           to
           all
           Ingratitude
           and
           Unfaithfulness
           :
           and
           to
           shew
           me
           and
           my
           Brothers
           the
           horrors
           of
           those
           crimes
           ,
           he
           related
           to
           us
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ,
           the
           Treason
           of
           
             Bernardine
             de
             Corte
          
           ,
           who
           delivered
           up
           the
           Castle
           of
           Millan
           to
           King
           Lewis
           the
           12th
           ,
           for
           a
           Hundred
           thousand
           Crowns
           ,
           that
           had
           been
           intrusted
           to
           him
           by
           Duke
           
             Lodowick
             Sforza
          
           his
           Master
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           had
           been
           bred
           in
           the
           quality
           of
           a
           Page
           ,
           and
           was
           at
           present
           preferred
           before
           all
           his
           other
           Subjects
           to
           the
           command
           of
           that
           place
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           put
           all
           that
           he
           thought
           most
           precious
           ,
           whilst
           he
           was
           going
           to
           seek
           for
           succour
           in
           Germany
           .
           He
           recounted
           likewise
           to
           us
           such
           another
           Treason
           of
           
             Donat
             Rafagnine
          
           ,
           who
           sold
           Valencia
           to
           the
           same
           King
           for
           fifty
           thousand
           Crowns
           ;
           and
           remarked
           to
           us
           from
           Guicciardine
           that
           these
           Traytors
           were
           so
           look'd
           on
           ,
           and
           detested
           in
           the
           
           French
           Army
           ,
           and
           that
           shame
           made
           them
           die
           with
           discontent
           .
        
         
           This
           Mr.
           Knuth
           rendred
           an
           important
           piece
           of
           service
           to
           his
           Master
           ,
           who
           rewarded
           him
           with
           a
           Present
           ,
           and
           a
           Pension
           of
           two
           thousand
           Livers
           a
           year
           for
           his
           Life
           .
        
         
           No
           body
           can
           imagine
           but
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           must
           bear
           some
           ill
           will
           to
           Cardinal
           Richelieu
           ,
           for
           having
           endeavoured
           to
           take
           away
           this
           Soveraignty
           ,
           which
           was
           as
           dear
           to
           him
           as
           his
           Eyes
           ;
           but
           he
           concealed
           his
           resentment
           ,
           as
           expecting
           some
           favourable
           opportunity
           of
           shewing
           it
           ,
           which
           it
           was
           not
           long
           before
           it
           was
           offered
           him
           :
           for
           some
           time
           after
           the
           Cardinal
           having
           some
           difference
           with
           
             Mary
             de
             Medicis
          
           ,
           the
           Queen
           Mother
           ,
           who
           being
           of
           the
           house
           of
           Austria
           by
           the
           mothers
           side
           ,
           was
           upheld
           by
           all
           the
           power
           of
           Spain
           and
           Germany
           ,
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           foreign
           Alliances
           ,
           and
           to
           caress
           those
           whom
           he
           had
           before
           despised
           and
           offended
           .
        
         
           This
           storm
           which
           was
           raising
           against
           the
           Cardinal
           for
           his
           destruction
           as
           well
           within
           as
           without
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           obliged
           him
           to
           seek
           the
           friendship
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           tho
           he
           had
           not
           the
           title
           of
           Soveraign
           ,
           disposed
           of
           all
           things
           belonging
           to
           the
           United
           Provinces
           .
           There
           was
           a
           Treaty
           concluded
           between
           France
           and
           the
           States
           General
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           were
           to
           attack
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           to
           divide
           the
           Conquest
           of
           the
           Low
           Countries
           ,
           
           which
           they
           had
           already
           devoured
           in
           their
           imaginations
           ;
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           to
           enter
           Holland
           with
           the
           Dutch
           Army
           ,
           and
           France
           was
           to
           joyn
           him
           with
           thirty
           thousand
           Men
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           Generals
           had
           orders
           from
           the
           King
           to
           obey
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ;
           so
           much
           it
           seems
           at
           that
           time
           they
           thought
           him
           necessary
           to
           their
           affairs
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           the
           Spring
           following
           the
           year
           1635
           ,
           the
           French
           Army
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           the
           Marshals
           Chatillon
           and
           Breze
           enter'd
           the
           Low
           Countries
           ,
           and
           defeated
           the
           Spanish
           Forces
           at
           Avein
           commanded
           by
           Prince
           Thomas
           of
           Savoy
           ,
           who
           afterwards
           took
           the
           name
           of
           Prince
           of
           Carignon
           ;
           all
           the
           Baggage
           and
           Cannon
           remained
           in
           the
           possession
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           with
           abundance
           of
           Prisoners
           ,
           several
           of
           which
           that
           were
           of
           the
           best
           quality
           were
           carried
           to
           Maestricht
           :
           These
           Generals
           after
           this
           Victory
           joined
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           sacked
           part
           of
           Brabant
           ,
           but
           the
           Prince
           who
           did
           not
           love
           the
           Neighbourhood
           of
           the
           French
           better
           than
           that
           of
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           and
           had
           still
           the
           remembrance
           of
           the
           affair
           at
           Orange
           very
           fresh
           in
           his
           mind
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           victuals
           and
           subsistence
           ruin'd
           the
           French
           Army
           that
           had
           been
           so
           victorious
           :
           which
           being
           retired
           into
           Holland
           after
           raising
           the
           Siege
           of
           Lovain
           ,
           under
           pretence
           of
           the
           approach
           of
           Picolomini
           with
           a
           German
           Army
           ,
           the
           greater
           part
           of
           it
           perished
           there
           with
           Hunger
           and
           Sickness
           ;
           the
           sixth
           part
           of
           it
           
           never
           returning
           back
           again
           into
           their
           own
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           looked
           upon
           Cardinal
           Richelieu
           as
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           that
           was
           reconcil'd
           to
           him
           only
           out
           of
           the
           necessity
           that
           he
           had
           for
           him
           in
           his
           present
           circumstances
           ,
           and
           for
           this
           reason
           he
           under-hand
           did
           him
           all
           the
           displeasure
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           all
           the
           mortification
           that
           he
           could
           possibly
           ;
           granting
           a
           favourable
           reception
           to
           such
           as
           had
           been
           disgrac'd
           by
           him
           in
           France
           ;
           honouring
           them
           with
           his
           confidence
           and
           considerable
           imployments
           ;
           as
           amongst
           others
           it
           appeared
           by
           Mr.
           Hauterive
           and
           Mr.
           Beringhen
           ,
           whom
           he
           respected
           not
           only
           in
           spight
           of
           the
           Cardinal
           ,
           but
           because
           they
           deserved
           it
           ;
           and
           Cardinal
           Richelieu
           as
           powerful
           as
           he
           was
           ,
           was
           forced
           to
           swallow
           those
           Pills
           ,
           having
           necessary
           occasion
           for
           Holland
           to
           make
           some
           diversions
           ,
           which
           conduced
           to
           the
           good
           of
           his
           other
           affairs
           ;
           this
           made
           the
           Cardinal
           know
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           not
           good
           to
           offend
           people
           of
           courage
           ,
           and
           being
           a
           very
           great
           Politician
           ,
           he
           could
           dissemble
           so
           far
           as
           not
           to
           be
           angry
           at
           this
           ill
           treatment
           ;
           so
           he
           continued
           to
           seek
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange's
           Friendship
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           agreed
           that
           each
           should
           attack
           the
           common
           Enemy
           from
           his
           own
           side
           ;
           he
           maintained
           a
           faithful
           and
           perfect
           correspondence
           with
           the
           French
           ;
           and
           the
           Prince
           who
           was
           sufficiently
           revenged
           ,
           and
           drew
           great
           advantages
           from
           his
           alliance
           with
           France
           ,
           
           executed
           the
           Treaties
           he
           had
           made
           with
           great
           sincerity
           .
        
         
           The
           same
           year
           in
           which
           happened
           the
           battle
           of
           Avein
           ,
           and
           the
           Siege
           of
           Louvain
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           surprized
           the
           Fort
           of
           Skink
           ,
           by
           means
           of
           Lieutenant
           Collonel
           Enhold
           ,
           who
           made
           himself
           Master
           of
           it
           by
           a
           party
           of
           the
           Garrison
           of
           Guelders
           ,
           whom
           he
           made
           use
           of
           to
           execute
           so
           bold
           an
           Enterprize
           .
           The
           
             Sieur
             Veld
          
           the
           Governour
           being
           waked
           with
           the
           noise
           of
           the
           attack
           ,
           and
           rising
           in
           his
           Shirt
           ,
           had
           his
           Arm
           immediately
           broken
           ,
           and
           being
           in
           despair
           to
           see
           himself
           surprized
           ,
           would
           not
           render
           himself
           Prisoner
           ,
           whatever
           offers
           of
           quarter
           they
           could
           make
           him
           ,
           still
           defending
           himself
           till
           he
           was
           overwhelm'd
           with
           blows
           .
        
         
           The
           Father
           of
           this
           Enhold
           had
           been
           beheaded
           at
           the
           Hague
           for
           some
           Crime
           ,
           and
           the
           Son
           to
           revenge
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           quitted
           the
           Dutch
           service
           ,
           and
           put
           himself
           under
           the
           Spaniard
           ;
           which
           happened
           very
           luckily
           for
           him
           ,
           for
           by
           the
           surprize
           of
           so
           important
           a
           place
           ,
           beside
           the
           inward
           satisfaction
           which
           he
           had
           ,
           to
           cause
           so
           great
           a
           loss
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           the
           
             Cardinal
             Infant
             Ferdinand
          
           of
           Austria
           being
           newly
           arrived
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           the
           Soveraign
           Command
           presented
           him
           ,
           for
           so
           bold
           and
           happy
           an
           action
           ,
           with
           a
           Chain
           of
           Gold
           of
           great
           value
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           the
           summ
           of
           fifty
           thousand
           Livres
           .
           But
           Prince
           Henry
           was
           so
           set
           upon
           the
           regaining
           of
           this
           place
           ,
           
           that
           he
           gave
           the
           Spaniards
           free
           entrance
           into
           the
           Countries
           of
           Guelders
           and
           Utrecht
           ;
           having
           besieged
           it
           in
           the
           month
           of
           August
           1635
           ,
           he
           re-took
           it
           in
           April
           1636
           ,
           by
           a
           Siege
           of
           six
           months
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1637
           ,
           Cardinal
           Richelieu
           ,
           to
           oblige
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           gave
           him
           the
           Title
           of
           Highness
           ,
           in
           a
           discourse
           made
           on
           purpose
           by
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Charnasse
          
           ,
           Ambassadour
           of
           France
           to
           Holland
           ,
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           his
           Majesty
           ;
           and
           at
           an
           Assembly
           of
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           which
           was
           soon
           after
           printed
           :
           In
           which
           he
           was
           followed
           by
           the
           Ambassadors
           of
           all
           other
           Princes
           ,
           who
           before
           had
           used
           no
           other
           Title
           but
           that
           of
           Excellence
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           same
           year
           1637
           ,
           Prince
           Henry
           ,
           by
           a
           Siege
           of
           four
           months
           ,
           re-took
           the
           Town
           and
           Castle
           of
           Breda
           ,
           which
           the
           Marquis
           
             Ambrose
             Spinola
          
           had
           conquered
           in
           the
           year
           1625
           ,
           by
           a
           long
           Blockade
           of
           a
           whole
           year
           ,
           with
           incredible
           Expences
           ;
           although
           this
           place
           was
           defended
           by
           
             France
             ,
             England
          
           and
           Denmark
           ;
           so
           the
           Marquis
           put
           over
           one
           of
           the
           Gates
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           carry'd
           it
           ,
           
             tribus
             Regibus
             frustra
             renitentibus
          
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           Resistance
           of
           three
           Kings
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           at
           this
           last
           Siege
           of
           Breda
           that
           
             Monsieur
             de
             Charnasse
          
           was
           killed
           ;
           for
           though
           he
           was
           Ambassadour
           of
           France
           ,
           yet
           he
           would
           serve
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           his
           Regiment
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ;
           hoping
           to
           become
           a
           Mareschal
           of
           France
           ,
           by
           
           the
           favour
           of
           the
           Mareschal
           
             de
             Breze
          
           ,
           whose
           Aunt
           he
           had
           married
           ,
           and
           who
           had
           gained
           him
           his
           Employments
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1639
           the
           Hollanders
           gained
           a
           considerable
           Victory
           at
           Sea
           over
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           the
           Fleet
           of
           
             Don
             Antonio
             Doquendo
          
           ,
           consisting
           of
           67
           Men
           of
           War
           ,
           that
           had
           been
           equipping
           so
           long
           in
           Spain
           ;
           joyned
           to
           some
           Vessels
           from
           Dunkirk
           ,
           who
           were
           considerable
           in
           that
           time
           ,
           came
           for
           some
           great
           design
           ,
           (
           which
           none
           yet
           have
           ever
           penetrated
           )
           were
           stopped
           in
           
             St.
             George's
             Channel
          
           by
           the
           Renowned
           Admiral
           
             Martin
             Erpez
             Tromp
          
           ,
           with
           only-twelve
           Ships
           ;
           but
           being
           afterwards
           reinforced
           with
           ninety
           Men
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           several
           Fire-ships
           ;
           that
           came
           from
           diverse
           places
           ,
           he
           encompassed
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           ,
           (
           that
           had
           put
           itself
           into
           the
           Downes
           ,
           near
           the
           Fleet
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           as
           thinking
           itself
           to
           be
           there
           in
           safety
           )
           ;
           and
           then
           attacqued
           it
           with
           so
           great
           resolution
           ,
           that
           after
           a
           long
           Combat
           ,
           where
           abundance
           of
           persons
           of
           
             France
             ,
             England
          
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           ran
           from
           all
           parts
           to
           see
           from
           the
           shore
           so
           extraordinary
           a
           spectacle
           :
           The
           greatest
           part
           of
           so
           powerful
           a
           Fleet
           was
           burnt
           ,
           destroyed
           ,
           or
           separated
           ;
           and
           those
           which
           escaped
           put
           themselves
           under
           the
           covert
           of
           some
           English
           Vessels
           ;
           and
           so
           retreated
           into
           the
           River
           of
           Thames
           ,
           or
           some
           Port
           in
           Flanders
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           lost
           above
           7000
           men
           ,
           that
           were
           burnt
           ,
           or
           drowned
           ,
           besides
           2000
           who
           were
           
           made
           Prisoners
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           .
           This
           Victory
           was
           very
           great
           and
           memorable
           ,
           for
           there
           were
           40
           large
           Vessels
           sunk
           ,
           burnt
           ,
           or
           taken
           ;
           and
           amongst
           others
           the
           great
           Galeon
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           called
           
             Mater
             Tereza
          
           was
           burnt
           ,
           which
           was
           62
           foot
           broad
           ,
           and
           had
           800
           men
           on
           board
           ,
           who
           all
           perished
           .
           This
           Tromp
           was
           the
           Father
           of
           Count
           Tromp
           ,
           who
           was
           engaged
           in
           the
           King
           of
           Denmark's
           service
           ,
           and
           gained
           great
           advantages
           over
           the
           Swedes
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1641
           ,
           Prince
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           married
           his
           only
           Son
           Prince
           William
           ,
           to
           the
           Princess
           Mary
           of
           England
           ,
           eldest
           Daughter
           to
           Charles
           I.
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           and
           Madam
           Henrietta
           of
           France
           ;
           and
           this
           Marriage
           was
           celebrated
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Pomp
           and
           Magnificence
           .
        
         
           The
           year
           1645
           was
           remarkable
           for
           the
           taking
           of
           the
           important
           Town
           of
           Hulsh
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           which
           was
           carried
           in
           spite
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           could
           neither
           put
           succors
           into
           it
           ,
           nor
           make
           Prince
           Henry
           raise
           the
           Siege
           .
        
         
           This
           Prince
           during
           the
           space
           of
           two
           and
           twenty
           years
           that
           he
           had
           the
           Government
           in
           his
           hands
           ,
           was
           remarkable
           for
           his
           wife
           and
           moderate
           conduct
           .
           Because
           the
           Princess
           
             Louise
             de
             Coligny
          
           his
           Mother
           ,
           had
           maintained
           Barnevelt's
           Party
           ,
           some
           people
           thought
           that
           the
           Prince
           following
           his
           Mothers
           inclinations
           ,
           would
           re-establish
           that
           Party
           ,
           and
           recall
           such
           of
           them
           as
           had
           
           been
           banished
           ,
           and
           among
           others
           Mr
           Grotius
           :
           But
           this
           Prince
           ,
           like
           a
           good
           Politician
           ,
           thought
           it
           better
           to
           let
           things
           continue
           in
           the
           posture
           he
           found
           them
           in
           ,
           than
           to
           embroil'em
           afresh
           ,
           by
           bringing
           a
           prevailing
           party
           upon
           his
           back
           :
           I
           have
           seen
           Mr.
           Grotius
           in
           a
           great
           passion
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ,
           and
           he
           has
           spoke
           very
           ill
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           accusing
           him
           of
           Ingratitude
           ,
           and
           of
           having
           no
           respect
           for
           those
           who
           had
           been
           Friends
           to
           his
           Mother
           .
        
         
           Prince
           Henry
           was
           very
           rich
           ;
           but
           instead
           of
           finding
           any
           support
           from
           England
           ,
           he
           was
           forc'd
           to
           help
           King
           Charles
           in
           his
           necessity
           ,
           with
           all
           his
           ready
           Money
           :
           The
           greatest
           part
           of
           which
           has
           been
           repaid
           by
           the
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           since
           his
           Restauration
           ,
           to
           his
           Nephew
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
        
         
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           died
           the
           14th
           of
           March
           1647
           ,
           and
           was
           buried
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           State.
           Besides
           his
           Children
           that
           we
           have
           mentioned
           before
           ,
           he
           left
           a
           Natural
           Son
           ,
           remarkable
           for
           his
           Valor
           ,
           his
           name
           was
           Mr.
           Zulestein
           ,
           Collonel
           of
           the
           Dutch
           Infantry
           ,
           who
           died
           at
           the
           attack
           of
           Vorden
           .
        
         
           Prince
           William
           of
           Orange
           ,
           laid
           the
           Foundation
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           and
           was
           their
           first
           Founder
           ;
           his
           eldest
           Son
           Maurice
           secured
           and
           established
           this
           Commonwealth
           by
           his
           Victories
           ,
           which
           forced
           the
           Spaniards
           in
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Truce
           for
           12
           years
           to
           acknowledge
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           for
           a
           free
           State
           ;
           and
           
             Henry
             
             Frederick
          
           Brother
           to
           Maurice
           ,
           and
           Grandfather
           to
           the
           present
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           by
           the
           continuation
           of
           his
           Conquests
           ,
           at
           last
           forced
           the
           Spaniards
           to
           renounce
           entirely
           the
           right
           which
           they
           had
           pretended
           to
           that
           Country
           ;
           so
           that
           we
           may
           say
           with
           reason
           and
           justice
           ,
           that
           this
           illustrious
           Father
           ,
           and
           his
           two
           generous
           Sons
           ,
           who
           have
           imitated
           his
           Vertues
           ,
           are
           the
           Founders
           of
           this
           Commonwealth
           ,
           which
           sends
           Ambassadors
           that
           are
           covered
           before
           the
           most
           powerful
           Kings
           in
           Christendom
           ,
           even
           before
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           himself
           ,
           whose
           Vassals
           they
           were
           about
           100
           years
           ago
           .
        
         
           
             Henry
             Frederick
          
           had
           for
           his
           devise
           this
           word
           ,
           
             Patriaeque
             Patrique
          
           intimating
           thereby
           ,
           that
           he
           thought
           of
           nothing
           but
           serving
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           revenging
           the
           Death
           of
           his
           Father
           .
        
         
      
       
         
         
           
             
               WILLIAM
               II
               ;
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               .
            
             portrait
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           LIFE
           OF
           WILLIAM
           II.
           
        
         
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
        
         
           THis
           Prince
           was
           born
           in
           the
           year
           1626
           ,
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           were
           his
           Godfathers
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           appointment
           of
           his
           Father
           was
           called
           William
           ,
           after
           the
           name
           of
           his
           Illustrious
           Grandfather
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1630
           this
           young
           Prince
           was
           declared
           General
           of
           the
           Cavalry
           of
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           and
           the
           year
           following
           the
           States
           granted
           him
           the
           Survivorship
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           their
           Province
           .
        
         
           He
           was
           no
           sooner
           of
           Age
           to
           bear
           Arms
           ,
           but
           he
           followed
           his
           Father
           to
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           was
           present
           at
           the
           Siege
           of
           Breda
           ,
           giving
           
           great
           proofs
           of
           his
           Courage
           ,
           though
           but
           13
           years
           old
           .
        
         
           Immediately
           upon
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Father
           
             Frederick
             Henry
          
           ,
           he
           took
           the
           Oath
           of
           Fidelity
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           for
           the
           Government
           ,
           of
           which
           they
           had
           granted
           him
           the
           Reversion
           .
        
         
           All
           Europe
           was
           in
           a
           profound
           Peace
           upon
           conclusion
           of
           the
           Treaty
           at
           Munster
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           the
           next
           year
           after
           Prince
           Henry's
           death
           .
           The
           States
           considering
           the
           vast
           Debts
           they
           had
           contracted
           by
           the
           extraordinary
           Expences
           they
           had
           been
           obliged
           to
           make
           ,
           resolved
           to
           retrench
           all
           unnecessary
           ones
           ;
           having
           a
           great
           number
           of
           Troops
           in
           their
           pay
           that
           were
           of
           no
           use
           now
           the
           War
           was
           at
           an
           end
           ,
           they
           proposed
           to
           disband
           a
           considerable
           part
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           William
           the
           Second
           ,
           who
           had
           succeeded
           in
           all
           the
           Places
           of
           the
           Prince
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           knowing
           very
           well
           that
           nothing
           but
           the
           Army
           could
           support
           the
           credit
           of
           the
           Places
           he
           was
           possessed
           of
           ,
           made
           a
           strong
           opposition
           to
           this
           design
           of
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           :
           He
           represented
           that
           it
           was
           against
           all
           the
           Rules
           of
           Policy
           to
           disband
           Troops
           who
           had
           been
           so
           faithful
           to
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           that
           France
           or
           Spain
           might
           make
           use
           of
           this
           opportunity
           to
           fall
           upon
           their
           Common-wealth
           ,
           in
           a
           time
           when
           they
           could
           not
           be
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           defend
           themselves
           .
           The
           
           States
           ,
           who
           were
           already
           resolved
           to
           break
           120
           Companies
           ;
           to
           make
           some
           sort
           of
           satisfaction
           to
           the
           Prince
           ,
           offered
           to
           continue
           the
           ordinary
           Pay
           to
           the
           disbanded
           Officers
           :
           The
           Prince
           agreed
           to
           this
           proposal
           ;
           but
           the
           Province
           of
           Guelders
           and
           the
           City
           of
           Amsterdam
           opposed
           and
           protested
           against
           it
           for
           several
           reasons
           .
           They
           who
           were
           in
           the
           Prince's
           Interests
           ,
           advised
           him
           to
           visit
           the
           principal
           Cities
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           to
           perswade
           the
           Magistrates
           to
           take
           a
           Resolution
           of
           leaving
           not
           only
           the
           Officers
           ,
           but
           the
           Troops
           in
           the
           same
           condition
           they
           were
           in
           before
           the
           War
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           be
           in
           a
           readiness
           to
           serve
           where-ever
           there
           was
           occasion
           .
        
         
           Pursuant
           to
           this
           advice
           ,
           the
           Prince
           having
           sent
           for
           the
           principal
           Collonels
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           went
           in
           person
           to
           four
           or
           fiveCities
           of
           Holland
           ;
           The
           Burghers
           of
           Amsterdam
           ,
           who
           were
           well
           assured
           that
           the
           Prince
           would
           visit
           them
           too
           ,
           and
           apprehending
           his
           presence
           would
           cross
           the
           Resolutions
           they
           had
           taken
           ;
           desired
           him
           by
           their
           Deputies
           to
           put
           off
           his
           intended
           Journey
           to
           this
           City
           ,
           for
           several
           Reasons
           which
           they
           gave
           him
           :
           
             Haerlem
             ,
             Medemblic
          
           ,
           and
           several
           other
           places
           followed
           the
           Example
           of
           Amsterdam
           .
        
         
           The
           Proceedings
           of
           these
           Cities
           was
           so
           considerable
           an
           Affliction
           to
           the
           Prince
           ,
           and
           incensed
           him
           so
           much
           ,
           that
           in
           a
           meeting
           of
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           he
           resented
           it
           
           with
           inexpressible
           concern
           :
           He
           endeavoured
           to
           insinuate
           to
           them
           by
           a
           great
           number
           of
           Reasons
           ,
           that
           the
           Affront
           they
           had
           put
           upon
           him
           ,
           in
           refusing
           to
           give
           him
           Audience
           ,
           was
           designed
           only
           to
           lessen
           his
           Authority
           ;
           that
           nothing
           but
           a
           publick
           satisfaction
           would
           make
           him
           amends
           for
           this
           Affront
           ;
           which
           he
           demanded
           earnestly
           of
           the
           States
           .
           The
           Deputies
           of
           Amsterdam
           ,
           and
           other
           Cities
           ,
           answered
           this
           Remonstrance
           by
           a
           long
           Manifesto
           ,
           wherein
           they
           alledged
           the
           Reasons
           that
           induced
           them
           to
           make
           the
           Prince
           that
           Request
           ;
           this
           touched
           him
           to
           the
           quick
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           continue
           more
           obstinate
           against
           disbanding
           the
           Souldiers
           ;
           and
           transported
           him
           so
           much
           ,
           that
           he
           Arrested
           six
           of
           the
           principal
           Magistrates
           ,
           and
           sent
           them
           Prisoners
           immediately
           after
           into
           the
           Castle
           of
           Lovestein
           .
        
         
           This
           violent
           proceeding
           of
           the
           Prince
           alarm'd
           all
           Holland
           .
           The
           people
           were
           generally
           apprehensive
           that
           he
           aspired
           to
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           opposed
           the
           disbanding
           the
           Troops
           for
           no
           other
           reason
           .
           All
           Europe
           said
           something
           ,
           and
           tho
           probably
           the
           Prince
           had
           no
           such
           design
           ,
           the
           attempt
           that
           he
           made
           upon
           Amsterdam
           ,
           confirmed
           the
           suspicions
           all
           men
           had
           entertained
           of
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           too
           arrogant
           to
           obey
           the
           orders
           of
           a
           popular
           Government
           :
           But
           those
           who
           judge
           impartially
           of
           this
           action
           ,
           are
           of
           opinion
           ,
           that
           
           he
           never
           aim'd
           at
           making
           himself
           King
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           had
           no
           other
           prospect
           in
           besieging
           Amsterdam
           ,
           but
           to
           revenge
           some
           private
           affronts
           ,
           and
           support
           his
           authority
           and
           credit
           by
           humbling
           such
           a
           powerful
           City
           .
           Whatever
           his
           reasons
           were
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           besiege
           it
           ,
           and
           actually
           perform'd
           it
           on
           the
           30th
           of
           Iuly
           ,
           1650
           ;
           he
           narrowly
           miss'd
           of
           surprizing
           it
           ,
           for
           the
           Citizens
           had
           not
           the
           least
           apprehension
           of
           such
           a
           design
           .
           The
           Troops
           appointed
           for
           this
           enterprize
           put
           their
           orders
           so
           punctually
           in
           execution
           ,
           and
           met
           so
           exactly
           at
           their
           rendezvous
           ,
           that
           the
           City
           must
           unavoidably
           have
           fallen
           into
           the
           Prince's
           hands
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           Hamburgh
           Courier
           who
           passed
           through
           the
           Prince's
           Army
           without
           being
           perceived
           ,
           and
           gave
           timely
           notice
           of
           it
           to
           the
           Magistrates
           .
           The
           City
           immediately
           took
           the
           alarm
           ,
           the
           
             Council
             of
             Thirty
             six
          
           met
           ,
           the
           Burghers
           run
           to
           their
           Arms
           ,
           the
           Bridges
           were
           drawn
           up
           ,
           the
           Cannon
           mounted
           upon
           the
           Ramparts
           ,
           and
           the
           City
           put
           in
           a
           posture
           of
           defence
           ;
           Deputies
           were
           dispatched
           to
           the
           Prince
           with
           proposals
           which
           took
           up
           all
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           to
           gain
           time
           for
           the
           opening
           of
           their
           Sluces
           .
           The
           Prince
           seeing
           all
           the
           Country
           under
           water
           ,
           and
           the
           impossibility
           of
           continuing
           a
           long
           Siege
           ,
           and
           the
           firm
           resolution
           of
           the
           Burghers
           ,
           hearkened
           to
           a
           Treaty
           of
           accommodation
           ,
           
           which
           was
           concluded
           three
           days
           after
           ;
           very
           much
           to
           his
           advantage
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           was
           sensible
           the
           States
           would
           resent
           this
           attempt
           ,
           and
           the
           better
           to
           make
           his
           peace
           with
           them
           ,
           he
           released
           the
           Prisoners
           out
           of
           the
           Castle
           of
           Lovestein
           ,
           upon
           condition
           that
           they
           should
           be
           for
           ever
           unqualified
           for
           any
           public
           employments
           or
           places
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           presented
           a
           Memorial
           to
           the
           States
           with
           a
           particular
           account
           of
           the
           motives
           he
           had
           to
           form
           this
           Siege
           .
           The
           States
           sent
           it
           back
           without
           opening
           it
           ,
           assuring
           him
           that
           there
           needed
           no
           justification
           ,
           since
           the
           difference
           had
           been
           so
           soon
           adjusted
           .
           About
           a
           month
           after
           the
           Prince
           assisted
           at
           a
           particular
           Assembly
           in
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Guelders
           ,
           where
           by
           his
           prudence
           and
           good
           conduct
           he
           entirely
           quieted
           all
           the
           jealousies
           they
           had
           entertained
           of
           him
           .
           He
           returned
           to
           the
           Hague
           about
           the
           beginning
           of
           November
           ,
           and
           went
           to
           bed
           very
           weary
           with
           his
           Journey
           .
           He
           had
           been
           observed
           to
           be
           melancholy
           ever
           since
           the
           miscarriage
           of
           his
           design
           upon
           Amsterdam
           ,
           for
           which
           reason
           the
           Court
           was
           not
           alarm'd
           with
           this
           little
           indisposition
           .
           He
           was
           let
           blood
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           and
           the
           day
           after
           the
           Small
           Pox
           appeared
           ,
           and
           proved
           so
           violent
           ,
           that
           the
           Physicians
           believed
           him
           in
           danger
           ;
           he
           died
           the
           6th
           day
           ,
           in
           the
           Twenty
           fourth
           year
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           on
           the
           6th
           of
           November
           ,
           1650.
           
        
         
         
           There
           wanted
           but
           three
           things
           to
           make
           his
           memory
           immortal
           ,
           viz.
           The
           Continuation
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           which
           he
           passionately
           desired
           ,
           a
           longer
           Life
           ,
           and
           a
           little
           more
           Deference
           to
           the
           State
           ,
           whom
           he
           treated
           with
           too
           much
           authority
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           Master
           of
           a
           great
           many
           good
           qualities
           ,
           and
           eminently
           possessed
           the
           advantages
           of
           body
           and
           mind
           .
           He
           was
           a
           great
           General
           ,
           and
           would
           have
           been
           as
           renowned
           for
           all
           civil
           and
           military
           vertues
           ,
           as
           the
           Heroes
           of
           his
           Family
           .
           He
           had
           a
           vast
           comprehensive
           Genius
           ,
           and
           learned
           in
           his
           Youth
           the
           Mathematics
           ,
           and
           spoke
           
             English
             ,
             French
             ,
             Italian
             ,
             Spanish
             ,
          
           and
           
             High
             Dutch
          
           ,
           as
           readily
           and
           fluently
           as
           his
           Mother
           Tongue
           .
           He
           was
           buried
           at
           Delf
           in
           the
           magnificent
           Tomb
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           Orange
           in
           great
           state
           .
        
         
           He
           married
           
             Mary
             Stuart
          
           ,
           eldest
           Daughter
           to
           Charles
           I.
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           .
           An
           Illustrious
           Birth
           ,
           Interest
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           Glory
           ,
           are
           the
           three
           ordinary
           motives
           which
           sway
           Princes
           in
           the
           choice
           of
           their
           alliances
           ,
           and
           all
           three
           concur
           in
           the
           making
           this
           match
           ;
           for
           the
           Glory
           of
           the
           immortal
           actions
           of
           his
           Father
           Frederick
           were
           spread
           over
           all
           
             Europe
             .
             William
          
           his
           Son
           had
           given
           a
           Thousand
           proofs
           that
           he
           did
           not
           degenerate
           from
           the
           Valour
           and
           Vertue
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           ?
           and
           the
           Family
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           had
           given
           five
           Electors
           to
           Cologne
           and
           Ments
           ,
           and
           an
           Emperor
           to
           Germany
           .
        
         
         
           The
           proposals
           were
           no
           sooner
           made
           ,
           but
           they
           were
           accepted
           ,
           and
           the
           Marriage
           was
           celebrated
           at
           London
           with
           great
           magnificence
           .
           From
           this
           Marriage
           was
           born
           William
           III.
           whose
           History
           we
           are
           now
           entring
           upon
           .
        
         
      
       
         
         
           
             
               WILLIAM
               III.
               KING
               of
               ENGLAND
               .
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               etc.
               
            
             portrait
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           HISTORY
           OF
           WILLIAM
           III.
           
        
         
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           AND
           King
           of
           
             GREAT
             BRITAIN
          
           .
        
         
           Out
           of
           the
           French
           by
           Mr.
           Brown.
           
        
         
           THe
           sudden
           and
           unexpected
           death
           of
           William
           II.
           (
           who
           died
           in
           the
           24th
           year
           of
           his
           age
           )
           threw
           the
           Court
           and
           Friends
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Nassau
           into
           such
           a
           consternation
           as
           is
           not
           easie
           to
           be
           exprest
           .
           But
           to
           moderate
           their
           grief
           ,
           the
           Princess
           Royal
           within
           eight
           days
           after
           was
           delivered
           of
           
             William
             Henry
          
           ,
           a
           Prince
           in
           whom
           the
           valour
           and
           all
           the
           other
           qualities
           of
           his
           glorious
           ancestors
           revived
           ;
           and
           who
           may
           justly
           be
           
           stiled
           the
           Restorer
           of
           that
           flourishing
           Republick
           ,
           whereof
           his
           Fathers
           were
           the
           Architects
           and
           Founders
           .
           *
           He
           was
           born
           on
           the
           fourteenth
           of
           November
           ,
           1650
           ,
           and
           had
           for
           his
           Godfathers
           ,
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           and
           of
           Zealand
           ,
           the
           Cities
           of
           
             Delf
             ,
             Leiden
          
           ,
           and
           Amsterdam
           .
        
         
           As
           it
           was
           his
           misfortune
           to
           be
           born
           at
           a
           calamitous
           conjuncture
           ,
           when
           his
           enemies
           were
           furnished
           with
           a
           plausible
           pretence
           to
           deprive
           him
           of
           those
           Dignities
           which
           his
           Ancestors
           had
           enjoy'd
           ;
           the
           States
           General
           finding
           themselves
           now
           at
           liberty
           ,
           by
           the
           death
           of
           William
           II.
           and
           concluding
           from
           the
           enterprize
           of
           Amsterdam
           what
           they
           might
           expect
           from
           a
           single
           Governour
           ,
           resolved
           to
           remedy
           all
           inconveniences
           that
           might
           for
           the
           future
           happen
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ,
           and
           so
           appointed
           a
           General
           Assembly
           to
           meet
           at
           the
           Hague
           .
           This
           Assembly
           began
           on
           the
           eighteenth
           of
           Ianuary
           1651
           ,
           and
           did
           not
           end
           till
           the
           month
           of
           August
           the
           same
           year
           .
           In
           the
           first
           Session
           it
           was
           resolved
           ,
           That
           since
           the
           Country
           was
           now
           without
           a
           Governour
           ,
           by
           the
           death
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           the
           choice
           of
           all
           Officers
           and
           Magistrates
           for
           the
           time
           to
           come
           should
           be
           in
           the
           disposal
           of
           the
           Cities
           ;
           and
           that
           not
           only
           the
           ordinary
           Souldiers
           ,
           but
           even
           the
           Guards
           of
           the
           deceased
           Prince
           should
           take
           an
           Oath
           of
           Fidelity
           to
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           .
           This
           was
           unanimously
           carry'd
           ,
           notwithstanding
           all
           the
           representations
           made
           by
           the
           Princess
           his
           Mother
           ,
           who
           ineffectually
           
           labored
           to
           preserve
           him
           in
           those
           Offices
           which
           her
           Husband
           possessed
           ,
           and
           before
           him
           the
           other
           Princes
           of
           Orange
           :
           the
           Royal
           Family
           of
           Great
           Britain
           ,
           from
           whom
           principally
           she
           could
           expect
           any
           assistance
           ,
           being
           at
           that
           time
           under
           an
           Eclipse
           through
           the
           wicked
           Machinations
           of
           those
           execrable
           Parricides
           ,
           who
           after
           they
           had
           barbarously
           Murder'd
           their
           lawful
           Soveraing
           King
           Charles
           I.
           of
           Blessed
           Memory
           ,
           by
           a
           train
           of
           Hypocrisy
           and
           other
           Villanies
           peculiar
           to
           their
           Party
           .
           shared
           the
           Soveraignty
           between
           themselves
           .
        
         
           Our
           Prince
           ,
           who
           like
           Hercules
           was
           to
           encounter
           Snakes
           in
           his
           Cradle
           ,
           suffer'd
           a
           great
           deal
           from
           the
           intreagues
           and
           contrivances
           of
           Barnevelt's
           Party
           ,
           now
           re-established
           in
           the
           Persons
           of
           the
           
             Messieurs
             De
             Witt.
          
           But
           he
           bore
           all
           with
           incredible
           moderation
           ,
           still
           waiting
           for
           a
           favorable
           opportunity
           to
           be
           restor'd
           to
           those
           dignities
           and
           great
           Employments
           he
           had
           been
           deprived
           of
           by
           a
           publick
           decree
           ,
           obtained
           by
           a
           predominant
           Faction
           ,
           immediately
           after
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Father
           .
           It
           must
           be
           confessed
           that
           France
           in
           some
           measure
           contributed
           to
           his
           re-establishment
           ,
           altho
           without
           the
           least
           design
           to
           favour
           the
           Prince
           .
           Heaven
           so
           ordering
           it
           that
           that
           mighty
           Monarch
           should
           ravage
           and
           almost
           destroy
           this
           flourishing
           Republic
           ,
           to
           convince
           the
           world
           at
           the
           same
           time
           that
           only
           the
           Family
           of
           the
           Founders
           of
           this
           Republic
           was
           capable
           to
           repair
           its
           Ruines
           ,
           and
           restore
           it
           to
           its
           former
           Grandeur
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Reader
           can
           scarce
           imagine
           with
           what
           a
           prodigions
           torrent
           the
           King
           of
           France
           over-ran
           and
           surprized
           all
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           obliging
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Frontier
           Towns
           and
           other
           Capital
           Cities
           to
           surrender
           themselves
           .
           Amongst
           the
           rest
           ,
           Utrecht
           and
           Zutphen
           open'd
           their
           Gates
           at
           the
           first
           approach
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ;
           for
           altho
           there
           were
           large
           Garrisons
           in
           both
           those
           places
           ,
           yet
           being
           composed
           of
           Burghers
           ,
           and
           commanded
           by
           Officers
           of
           little
           or
           no
           experience
           ,
           they
           were
           frighted
           at
           the
           sight
           of
           a
           well
           disciplin'd
           ,
           couragious
           army
           ,
           that
           knew
           how
           to
           make
           the
           best
           advantage
           of
           the
           victory
           ,
           and
           the
           fright
           they
           had
           put
           their
           enemies
           in
           .
        
         
           These
           calamities
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           foreseen
           long
           before
           by
           some
           of
           the
           most
           prudent
           persons
           of
           these
           Provinces
           ,
           as
           they
           occasioned
           a
           general
           consternation
           ,
           so
           they
           gave
           the
           people
           subject
           to
           complain
           of
           the
           ill
           conduct
           of
           the
           Mrs
           
             de
             Wit
          
           ,
           who
           at
           that
           time
           had
           all
           the
           authority
           of
           the
           Government
           in
           their
           hands
           ;
           and
           by
           this
           means
           furnished
           the
           friends
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Nassau
           with
           a
           favourable
           opportunity
           to
           speak
           their
           thoughts
           upon
           what
           passed
           at
           that
           time
           :
           Which
           they
           did
           by
           way
           of
           advice
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           giving
           them
           to
           understand
           that
           the
           Princes
           of
           Orange
           were
           probably
           the
           only
           Persons
           that
           were
           able
           to
           support
           their
           tottering
           State
           ,
           and
           to
           defend
           them
           against
           their
           most
           puissant
           Enemies
           :
           Adding
           that
           as
           these
           
           illustrious
           Princes
           had
           formerly
           deliver'd
           them
           from
           the
           tyranny
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           so
           they
           alone
           could
           stop
           the
           fury
           and
           career
           of
           the
           French.
           
        
         
           The
           Princess
           Dowager
           ,
           Grand
           mother
           to
           his
           Highness
           ,
           a
           Lady
           of
           incomparable
           prudence
           and
           of
           a
           courage
           above
           her
           Sex
           ,
           did
           not
           contribute
           a
           little
           by
           her
           address
           to
           awaken
           those
           Persons
           that
           were
           in
           her
           interests
           ,
           and
           who
           were
           not
           inconsiderable
           for
           their
           number
           :
           These
           at
           last
           not
           being
           able
           to
           see
           themselves
           any
           longer
           despised
           ,
           or
           that
           all
           the
           great
           Offices
           of
           State
           shou'd
           be
           thrown
           away
           upon
           Persons
           that
           were
           not
           worthy
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           making
           use
           of
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           who
           justly
           alarm'd
           to
           see
           a
           victorious
           Army
           in
           the
           bowels
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           spoke
           of
           nothing
           but
           Sacrificing
           the
           
             De
             Witts
          
           ,
           managed
           their
           affairs
           so
           dexterousl●…
           that
           they
           attained
           their
           designs
           :
           for
           after
           the
           Prince
           had
           made
           a
           Journey
           towards
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Year
           1672
           to
           visit
           the
           fortifications
           of
           some
           Places
           ,
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           and
           West-Frizeland
           being
           assembled
           ,
           it
           was
           unanimously
           agreed
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           be
           chose
           General
           of
           their
           Army
           ,
           which
           was
           notified
           next
           day
           to
           the
           States
           General
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           24th
           of
           February
           the
           Prince
           having
           accepted
           their
           offer
           ,
           took
           the
           Oaths
           before
           them
           with
           the
           accustomed
           Ceremonies
           .
           It
           is
           very
           remarkable
           that
           the
           Peasants
           of
           West-Frizeland
           ,
           who
           make
           excellent
           Souldiers
           ,
           wou'd
           not
           take
           up
           Arms
           but
           with
           this
           condition
           ,
           
             that
             
             they
             should
             swear
             to
             be
             true
             to
             the
             Republic
             ,
             and
             to
             obey
             the
             States
             and
             his
             Highness
             the
             Prince
             of
             Orange
             .
          
        
         
           The
           immoderate
           ambition
           of
           some
           Persons
           had
           formerly
           occasion'd
           two
           fatal
           Factions
           ,
           who
           to
           fortify
           their
           own
           particular
           interests
           weakned
           the
           Nerves
           of
           the
           public
           security
           :
           which
           made
           those
           who
           had
           the
           greatest
           Credit
           with
           the
           People
           commit
           the
           greatest
           Solecism's
           in
           matter
           of
           Policy
           that
           any
           Party
           can
           be
           guilty
           of
           .
           For
           these
           short-sighted
           Statesmen
           imagining
           that
           after
           the
           Peace
           of
           Munster
           ,
           there
           was
           nothing
           left
           them
           to
           fear
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           body
           cou'd
           hurt
           them
           in
           their
           Pretensions
           ,
           but
           the
           too
           great
           power
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           its
           Alliances
           with
           France
           ,
           and
           particularly
           with
           England
           ,
           they
           casheer'd
           their
           Troops
           composed
           of
           old
           Soldiers
           ,
           and
           experienced
           Captains
           ,
           who
           had
           preserved
           the
           Country
           ,
           but
           were
           looked
           upon
           to
           be
           intirely
           devoted
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           gave
           the
           greatest
           Posts
           in
           their
           Army
           and
           in
           their
           Garrisons
           to
           the
           Sons
           of
           
             Burgher
             Masters
          
           and
           Deputies
           of
           Cities
           ,
           People
           who
           however
           brave
           they
           might
           be
           in
           their
           own
           Persons
           ,
           were
           for
           the
           most
           part
           of
           little
           or
           no
           experience
           ,
           as
           having
           never
           seen
           a
           Battle
           ,
           and
           this
           was
           the
           reason
           that
           when
           they
           came
           to
           be
           surprized
           by
           a
           vigorous
           Enemy
           ,
           whole
           Cities
           ,
           altho
           they
           had
           in
           Garrison
           five
           thousand
           Foot
           ,
           and
           eight
           hundred
           Horse
           ,
           surrendred
           at
           discretion
           ,
           without
           discharging
           
           one
           Gun
           ,
           at
           the
           first
           sight
           and
           appearance
           of
           the
           Enemy
           .
           Thus
           Faction
           and
           Interest
           ,
           that
           are
           commonly
           the
           destruction
           of
           the
           most
           flourishing
           Kingdoms
           ,
           having
           reduced
           the
           States
           General
           to
           the
           brink
           of
           despair
           ,
           they
           were
           constrained
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           their
           last
           Asylum
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           avoid
           their
           approaching
           ruine
           ;
           and
           to
           place
           the
           little
           hope
           that
           was
           remaining
           ,
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           one
           person
           .
           whom
           the
           prevailing
           party
           had
           formerly
           rejected
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           ingratitude
           ,
           and
           who
           indeed
           did
           not
           deserve
           such
           a
           hard
           destiny
           :
           for
           ,
           in
           fine
           ,
           Children
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           responsible
           for
           the
           actions
           of
           their
           Fathers
           ,
           when
           they
           have
           by
           no
           means
           justified
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           had
           no
           sooner
           accepted
           the
           high
           Charge
           of
           General
           of
           the
           Armies
           ,
           which
           was
           presented
           to
           him
           from
           the
           part
           of
           the
           States
           by
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Beverning
             ,
             Iohn
             de
             Wit
             ,
          
           and
           
             Gaspar
             Fagel
          
           ,
           but
           he
           immediately
           repaired
           to
           the
           Army
           ,
           which
           was
           then
           posted
           near
           
             Nieu
             Rop
          
           ;
           where
           all
           he
           cou●…d
           do
           against
           the
           united
           forces
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           commanded
           by
           the
           King
           in
           person
           ,
           was
           to
           keep
           his
           post
           .
           And
           this
           he
           performed
           with
           so
           much
           conduct
           ,
           that
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           as
           powerful
           as
           he
           was
           ,
           cou'd
           have
           no
           advantage
           over
           him
           on
           that
           side
           .
           On
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           thinking
           to
           force
           the
           Prince
           out
           of
           his
           retrenchments
           ,
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           retire
           with
           loss
           ,
           and
           to
           abandon
           their
           works
           .
        
         
         
           All
           this
           while
           the
           frontier
           Towns
           and
           Garrisons
           in
           the
           Province
           of
           Holland
           sell
           every
           day
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           which
           made
           the
           people
           complain
           openly
           ,
           and
           distrust
           the
           fidelity
           of
           those
           that
           governed
           .
           The
           Inhabitants
           of
           Dort
           were
           the
           first
           that
           rose
           ;
           and
           sent
           one
           of
           their
           Captains
           to
           the
           Magistrates
           ,
           to
           know
           whether
           they
           were
           resolved
           to
           defend
           the
           City
           ,
           or
           to
           sit
           still
           .
           The
           Magistrates
           answered
           that
           they
           were
           ready
           to
           resist
           the
           efforts
           of
           those
           that
           should
           attaque
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           do
           all
           that
           could
           be
           expected
           from
           them
           ;
           the
           people
           demanded
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           see
           the
           Magazines
           .
           But
           the
           Keys
           being
           missing
           ,
           this
           put
           the
           Mobb
           into
           so
           great
           a
           serment
           ,
           that
           there
           were
           a
           thousand
           voices
           crying
           out
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           That
           there
           was
           Treachery
           in
           the
           case
           ;
           That
           they
           would
           have
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           to
           be
           their
           Head
           and
           Governour
           ;
           threatning
           to
           murder
           the
           Magistrates
           upon
           the
           spot
           ,
           if
           they
           did
           not
           immediately
           comply
           with
           their
           demands
           .
           These
           menaces
           so
           terribly
           alarmed
           the
           Magistrates
           ,
           that
           they
           dispatched
           Commissioners
           that
           very
           moment
           to
           his
           Highness
           ,
           desiring
           him
           to
           come
           to
           their
           City
           with
           all
           possible
           haste
           ,
           to
           prevent
           by
           his
           presence
           the
           insurrection
           of
           the
           people
           .
           The
           Prince
           alledged
           several
           reasons
           to
           them
           ,
           to
           convince
           them
           how
           dangerous
           it
           was
           for
           him
           to
           leave
           the
           Army
           ;
           but
           all
           was
           to
           no
           purpose
           :
           they
           persisted
           still
           in
           their
           demand
           ,
           till
           at
           last
           the
           Prince
           resolved
           to
           grant
           what
           
           they
           desired
           .
           Being
           therefore
           with
           great
           solemnity
           conducted
           to
           the
           Town-Hall
           ,
           they
           intreated
           him
           to
           signify
           his
           pleasure
           to
           them
           .
           To
           which
           his
           Highness
           answered
           ,
           that
           it
           belonged
           to
           them
           to
           make
           proposals
           to
           him
           ,
           since
           they
           were
           the
           occasion
           of
           his
           coming
           .
           After
           some
           demur
           they
           requested
           him
           ,
           that
           for
           the
           satisfaction
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           he
           would
           be
           pleased
           to
           visit
           the
           Fortifications
           and
           Magazines
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           without
           taking
           the
           least
           notice
           of
           making
           him
           Stadt-holder
           ;
           to
           which
           the
           Prince
           freely
           consented
           ,
           and
           to
           that
           effect
           made
           the
           tour
           of
           the
           Town
           immediately
           .
           But
           at
           his
           return
           ,
           the
           people
           suspecting
           that
           the
           Magistrates
           had
           deceived
           them
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           they
           had
           done
           the
           Prince
           ,
           flocked
           in
           great
           multitudes
           about
           his
           Coach
           ,
           and
           boldly
           asked
           him
           ,
           but
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           respect
           for
           his
           person
           ,
           whether
           the
           Magistrates
           had
           made
           him
           their
           Governour
           or
           no
           ?
           His
           Highness
           having
           modestly
           answered
           ,
           That
           he
           was
           content
           with
           the
           honour
           they
           had
           already
           done
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           had
           as
           much
           as
           he
           cou'd
           desire
           ;
           they
           unanimously
           declared
           ,
           That
           they
           wou'd
           not
           lay
           down
           their
           Arms
           till
           they
           had
           chose
           him
           Stadt-holder
           .
           So
           that
           at
           last
           ,
           the
           Magistrates
           ,
           terrified
           with
           the
           menaces
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           not
           knowing
           what
           other
           measures
           to
           take
           in
           so
           critical
           a
           juncture
           ,
           were
           not
           without
           some
           repugnance
           ,
           constrained
           to
           accomplish
           what
           they
           had
           before
           only
           done
           by
           halves
           :
           So
           difficult
           a
           matter
           it
           is
           for
           men
           to
           lay
           aside
           a
           settled
           hatred
           
           and
           aversion
           ,
           that
           has
           once
           taken
           root
           in
           their
           hearts
           .
        
         
           Upon
           this
           they
           passed
           an
           Ordinance
           to
           abolish
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           ;
           which
           the
           Prince
           refused
           to
           own
           ,
           unless
           they
           would
           absolve
           him
           of
           the
           Oath
           he
           had
           taken
           ,
           when
           he
           accepted
           the
           Charge
           only
           of
           Captain
           General
           ,
           which
           they
           gave
           him
           likewise
           by
           this
           Ordinance
           .
           So
           they
           immediately
           made
           another
           Act
           ,
           which
           was
           read
           in
           the
           great
           Hall
           by
           the
           Secretary
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           Magistrates
           declared
           his
           Highness
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           to
           be
           
             Stadt-holder
             ,
             Captain
             ,
             and
             Admiral
             General
             of
             all
             their
             forces
             ,
             as
             well
             by
             Sea
             as
             by
             Land
          
           ;
           and
           gave
           him
           all
           the
           power
           ,
           dignity
           ,
           and
           authority
           which
           his
           Ancestors
           ,
           of
           glorious
           memory
           ,
           had
           enjoy'd
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           the
           whole
           City
           rang
           with
           acclamations
           of
           an
           universal
           joy
           ,
           and
           the
           arms
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Orange
           were
           immediately
           placed
           upon
           the
           Towers
           ,
           and
           Ramparts
           .
        
         
           Only
           
             Cornelius
             de
             Wit
          
           ,
           an
           ancient
           Burghermaster
           ,
           coming
           from
           the
           Fleet
           sick
           and
           indisposed
           ,
           said
           he
           wou'd
           never
           sign
           the
           Act
           ,
           whatever
           instances
           were
           made
           him
           to
           do
           it
           .
           He
           was
           pressed
           after
           an
           extraordinary
           manner
           not
           to
           refuse
           the
           signing
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           neither
           the
           perswasions
           of
           the
           chief
           men
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           nor
           the
           threatnings
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           who
           were
           ready
           to
           plunder
           his
           house
           ,
           nor
           the
           tears
           of
           his
           Wife
           ,
           who
           was
           sensible
           of
           the
           great
           danger
           he
           was
           in
           ,
           cou'd
           prevail
           with
           him
           to
           alter
           his
           resolutions
           .
           Nay
           ,
           it
           went
           
           so
           far
           ,
           that
           his
           Wife
           threatned
           to
           show
           her self
           at
           the
           Window
           ,
           and
           declare
           her
           own
           innocence
           and
           that
           of
           her
           Children
           ,
           and
           to
           abandon
           him
           to
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           populace
           ;
           but
           all
           this
           made
           no
           impression
           upon
           him
           .
        
         
           Dort
           was
           not
           the
           only
           place
           that
           rose
           up
           after
           this
           manner
           :
           All
           the
           Cities
           of
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           ,
           where
           the
           Burghers
           took
           notice
           of
           the
           ill
           conduct
           of
           their
           Magistrates
           ,
           did
           almost
           the
           same
           thing
           .
           So
           that
           upon
           a
           report
           made
           by
           the
           Deputies
           of
           the
           respective
           Cities
           ,
           the
           States
           of
           
             Holland
             ,
             Zealand
          
           and
           Friesland
           ,
           did
           not
           only
           confirm
           what
           had
           been
           done
           by
           the
           City
           of
           Dort
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           full
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           they
           presented
           his
           Highness
           with
           some
           publick
           Acts
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           Prince
           was
           absolved
           from
           his
           first
           Oath
           of
           Captain
           General
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           was
           invested
           with
           the
           Dignity
           of
           Stadt-holder
           ,
           together
           with
           all
           the
           rights
           ,
           jurisdictions
           and
           priviledges
           heretofore
           granted
           to
           his
           Predecessors
           .
           In
           conse●…ence
           of
           which
           his
           Highness
           the
           very
           same
           day
           ,
           in
           the
           Hall
           of
           Audience
           ,
           took
           the
           place
           of
           Stadt-holder
           ,
           Captain
           ,
           and
           Admiral
           General
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           with
           the
           usual
           Ceremonies
           ;
           and
           afterwards
           returned
           to
           the
           Army
           ,
           that
           was
           encamped
           at
           Bodegrave
           .
        
         
           From
           this
           very
           moment
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           re-establishment
           of
           the
           Prince
           had
           inspired
           the
           people
           with
           new
           Courage
           ,
           a
           body
           of
           five
           thousand
           French
           were
           twice
           repulsed
           before
           Ardemburgh
           ;
           and
           without
           counting
           those
           that
           
           were
           killed
           upon
           the
           place
           ,
           were
           forced
           to
           leave
           five
           hundred
           Prisoners
           behind
           them
           ,
           amongst
           which
           were
           several
           Officers
           ,
           and
           persons
           of
           Quality
           ;
           and
           all
           this
           effected
           by
           the
           extraordinary
           bravery
           of
           no
           more
           than
           two
           hundred
           Burghers
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           the
           Women
           and
           Boys
           assisted
           them
           ,
           no
           body
           being
           spared
           upon
           this
           occasion
           ;
           which
           will
           be
           an
           everlasting
           disgrace
           to
           France
           ,
           that
           looked
           upon
           the
           City
           as
           good
           as
           in
           their
           own
           possession
           .
        
         
           The
           Burghers
           of
           Groningen
           did
           not
           defend
           themselves
           with
           less
           Courage
           and
           good
           fortune
           against
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Munster
           ,
           than
           those
           of
           Ardemburgh
           had
           done
           against
           the
           King
           of
           France
           .
           For
           that
           Bishop
           having
           besieg'd
           this
           City
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           twenty
           five
           or
           thirty
           thousand
           men
           ,
           he
           was
           obliged
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           ,
           with
           the
           loss
           of
           almost
           half
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           been
           at
           a
           prodigious
           expence
           in
           buying
           all
           sorts
           of
           Ammunition
           and
           Inst●…ments
           of
           War
           ,
           necessary
           to
           make
           himself
           master
           of
           that
           important
           place
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           midst
           of
           this
           extraordinary
           zeal
           the
           people
           show'd
           for
           the
           Prince
           ,
           an
           accident
           happen'd
           that
           served
           to
           confirm
           him
           more
           effectually
           in
           their
           affection
           ,
           and
           occasioned
           the
           death
           of
           two
           of
           his
           greatest
           enemies
           .
        
         
           For
           a
           Chyrurgion
           having
           accused
           
             Cornelius
             de
             Wit
             ,
             Bailiff
          
           of
           Putten
           ,
           with
           having
           secretly
           proposed
           to
           him
           to
           poison
           or
           kill
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ;
           after
           examination
           of
           the
           matter
           
           the
           Baoliff
           was
           apprehended
           and
           put
           in
           Prison
           ,
           and
           altho
           he
           denied
           what
           was
           laid
           to
           his
           charge
           by
           throwing
           back
           the
           same
           crime
           upon
           his
           Accuser
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           justifie
           himself
           to
           the
           Prince
           and
           People
           ,
           nevertheless
           being
           confronted
           with
           the
           Chyrurgeon
           ,
           who
           still
           persisted
           in
           his
           Accusation
           ,
           which
           he
           confirmed
           by
           a
           promise
           that
           he
           said
           the
           Bailiff
           had
           made
           him
           of
           300000
           Franks
           for
           a
           recompence
           ,
           and
           of
           six
           Ducatoons
           which
           he
           had
           given
           him
           in
           hand
           ,
           and
           by
           several
           other
           circumstances
           ,
           usual
           in
           affairs
           of
           this
           nature
           :
           the
           Court
           of
           Holland
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           maturely
           considered
           the
           report
           made
           by
           the
           Advocate
           General
           ,
           condemned
           Cornelius
           to
           be
           divested
           of
           all
           his
           dignities
           and
           employments
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           perpetually
           banished
           out
           of
           the
           Territories
           of
           Holland
           and
           Friezeland
           .
           But
           the
           people
           seeing
           the
           States
           had
           pushed
           on
           the
           matter
           so
           far
           ,
           and
           imagining
           that
           a
           Criminal
           who
           was
           treated
           with
           so
           much
           severity
           ,
           wou'd
           have
           received
           a
           greater
           punishment
           if
           the
           Judges
           had
           not
           favoured
           him
           ,
           began
           to
           murmur
           at
           the
           Sentence
           ,
           as
           too
           mild
           and
           gentle
           ;
           and
           immediately
           ran
           towards
           the
           Prison
           with
           weapons
           in
           their
           hands
           .
           It
           hapned
           at
           this
           moment
           that
           
             Iohn
             de
             Wit
          
           came
           in
           his
           Coach
           to
           take
           his
           Brother
           out
           of
           Prison
           ,
           when
           one
           of
           the
           Burghers
           dropping
           these
           words
           amongst
           the
           people
           ;
           
             Now
             the
             two
             Traytors
             are
             together
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             our
             fault
             if
             they
             scape
             us
             .
          
           This
           was
           enough
           to
           animate
           the
           Mobb
           who
           were
           heated
           enough
           
           before
           :
           but
           another
           thing
           happen'd
           ,
           that
           helped
           to
           exasperate
           them
           more
           ;
           which
           was
           ,
           that
           whilst
           the
           people
           were
           waiting
           for
           the
           coming
           out
           of
           the
           two
           Brothers
           ,
           some
           body
           or
           other
           had
           maliciously
           spread
           a
           report
           ,
           that
           above
           a
           thousand
           Peasants
           and
           Fishermen
           were
           marching
           towards
           the
           Hague
           to
           plunder
           it
           .
           Upon
           which
           another
           Burgher
           saying
           ,
           
             Come
             along
             Gentlemen
             ,
             let
             us
             make
             these
             Traytors
             come
             out
             ;
             follow
             me
             and
             I
             will
             show
             you
             the
             way
             .
          
           These
           words
           inflamed
           them
           to
           the
           highest
           degree
           ,
           so
           they
           immediately
           burnt
           the
           Prison-gates
           ,
           drew
           out
           the
           two
           Brothers
           by
           main
           violence
           ,
           dragg'd
           them
           about
           the
           streets
           ,
           murder'd
           them
           ,
           and
           cut
           them
           to
           pieces
           ,
           crying
           aloud
           ,
           
             Behold
             the
             Traytors
             that
             have
             betray'd
             their
             Country
             .
          
        
         
           Thus
           fell
           Cornelius
           and
           
             Iohn
             de
             Witt
          
           ,
           two
           sworn
           Enemies
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Orange
           .
           'T
           is
           commonly
           pretended
           that
           Iohn
           was
           Author
           of
           these
           politic
           resolutions
           ,
           viz.
           the
           exclusion
           of
           his
           Royal
           Highness
           from
           all
           his
           Offices
           ,
           of
           the
           perpetual
           Edict
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Qualities
           requisite
           for
           a
           Stadt-holder
           .
           
             Min
             Heer
             Fagel
          
           succeeded
           the
           Pensioner
           in
           his
           place
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           having
           approved
           his
           election
           .
           The
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburgh
           writ
           a
           Letter
           to
           the
           States
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           telling
           them
           that
           since
           he
           heard
           his
           R.
           Highness
           was
           re-established
           in
           the
           dignities
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           ,
           he
           did
           not
           doubt
           but
           Heaven
           would
           prosper
           a
           resolution
           so
           advantageous
           
           to
           the
           public
           ,
           especially
           since
           he
           knew
           the
           Prince
           inherited
           all
           the
           Vertues
           of
           his
           Glorious
           Predecessors
           ;
           protesting
           besides
           that
           he
           found
           himself
           obliged
           since
           his
           Elevation
           ,
           to
           contribute
           all
           that
           lay
           in
           his
           power
           to
           assist
           the
           Prince
           ,
           to
           recover
           and
           preserve
           what
           his
           Ancestors
           had
           acquired
           at
           the
           expence
           of
           their
           own
           blood
           ,
           with
           so
           much
           reputation
           to
           themselves
           .
        
         
           About
           this
           time
           the
           Prince
           being
           resolved
           to
           dislodge
           the
           advanced
           Guards
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           made
           a
           Detachment
           of
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ,
           and
           with
           them
           gives
           an
           Alarm
           to
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           whom
           he
           chased
           as
           far
           as
           their
           trenches
           before
           Utrecht
           ,
           disheartened
           with
           the
           loss
           of
           their
           own
           men
           before
           Cronemburgh
           .
           While
           both
           Parties
           were
           thus
           busied
           in
           the
           Feild
           there
           was
           great
           changing
           of
           the
           Magistrates
           in
           most
           of
           the
           Cities
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           satisfaction
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           who
           now
           hoped
           to
           see
           their
           Country
           enjoy
           its
           ancient
           Tranquillity
           .
           His
           Highness
           not
           being
           any
           longer
           able
           to
           suffer
           the
           corruption
           of
           Military
           Discipline
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           so
           fatal
           to
           the
           Republic
           in
           general
           ,
           ordered
           several
           Officers
           to
           be
           punished
           for
           their
           Cowardice
           and
           Treachery
           .
           But
           nothing
           touched
           him
           so
           sensibly
           as
           to
           see
           the
           Season
           almost
           past
           without
           any
           considerable
           action
           ,
           which
           made
           him
           resolve
           to
           attack
           Narden
           .
           For
           this
           purpose
           he
           commands
           Coll.
           Zulestein
           and
           Count
           Horn
           to
           advance
           ;
           the
           first
           to
           take
           his
           quarters
           between
           Utrecht
           and
           Narden
           ,
           and
           
           the
           other
           to
           intrench
           himself
           at
           Polanen
           ,
           on
           the
           Mill
           side
           .
           His
           Highness
           intrenched
           on
           that
           part
           near
           Bodegrave
           with
           four
           Regiments
           ,
           The
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburgh
           made
           all
           imaginable
           haste
           to
           relieve
           the
           besieged
           ,
           and
           with
           about
           eight
           or
           nine
           thousand
           men
           fell
           upon
           the
           quarter
           of
           Coll.
           Zulestein
           ,
           but
           was
           repulsed
           with
           loss
           ,
           and
           forced
           to
           retire
           .
           The
           Town
           was
           afterwards
           batter'd
           in
           a
           very
           furious
           manner
           ,
           and
           reduced
           to
           such
           extremities
           that
           they
           sent
           Deputies
           to
           capitulate
           .
           But
           in
           this
           interval
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburgh
           having
           received
           a
           new
           reinforcement
           ,
           marched
           by
           a
           way
           full
           of
           water
           ,
           by
           the
           help
           of
           some
           Peasants
           ,
           who
           served
           him
           as
           Guides
           ;
           he
           once
           more
           attacqued
           ,
           when
           they
           least
           expected
           him
           ,
           the
           very
           same
           quarters
           of
           Coll.
           Zulestein
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           had
           been
           beaten
           the
           night
           before
           ;
           and
           after
           a
           bloody
           resolute
           dispute
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Collonel
           was
           slain
           ,
           (
           having
           refused
           quarter
           ,
           )
           the
           Duke
           at
           last
           threw
           three
           thousand
           men
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           relief
           ,
           into
           the
           Town
           :
           Nevertheless
           he
           was
           repulsed
           the
           second
           time
           by
           Count
           Horn
           ,
           and
           forced
           to
           leave
           his
           Prisoners
           behind
           him
           .
           Of
           the
           French
           there
           were
           2000
           killed
           ,
           and
           fifty
           Officers
           who
           dyed
           of
           their
           wounds
           within
           5
           days
           after
           the
           engagement
           ,
           without
           reckoning
           those
           that
           lost
           their
           Arms
           and
           Legs
           upon
           this
           occasion
           :
           Which
           caused
           so
           great
           a
           consternation
           amongst
           the
           French
           that
           were
           at
           Utrecht
           ,
           that
           after
           this
           time
           the
           Officers
           drew
           lots
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           go
           out
           in
           any
           
           Parties
           against
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
           Of
           the
           Hollanders
           were
           slain
           Six
           or
           Seven
           Hundred
           Men
           ,
           besides
           Coll.
           Zulestein
           ,
           and
           a
           Lieutenant
           Collonel
           .
        
         
           His
           Highness
           seeing
           the
           City
           had
           received
           so
           considerable
           a
           relief
           ,
           retired
           to
           his
           own
           Quarters
           ,
           with
           the
           honor
           of
           a
           compleat
           Victory
           ,
           and
           raised
           the
           Seige
           without
           the
           least
           loss
           ,
           having
           defeated
           almost
           five
           entire
           Regiments
           ,
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           their
           Officers
           being
           either
           slain
           or
           mortally
           wounded
           ,
           and
           having
           twice
           repulsed
           an
           old
           General
           ,
           who
           had
           never
           succeeded
           in
           his
           design
           had
           it
           not
           been
           for
           the
           perfidiousness
           of
           the
           Peasants
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           unsuccessful
           attempt
           upon
           Narden
           ,
           his
           Highness
           assembled
           a
           Council
           of
           War
           ,
           at
           which
           the
           principal
           Officers
           of
           the
           Army
           assisted
           ,
           and
           having
           commanded
           the
           Horse
           that
           were
           quartered
           at
           Helden
           to
           hinder
           the
           English
           Merchandise
           from
           being
           transported
           from
           Rotterdam
           to
           Brabant
           ,
           he
           marched
           himself
           to
           Rosendael
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           place
           of
           the
           general
           Randezvous
           ,
           from
           whence
           with
           an
           Army
           composed
           of
           Twenty
           four
           Thousand
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ,
           he
           took
           his
           march
           directly
           to
           the
           Country
           of
           Liege
           .
           At
           his
           approach
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Duras
          
           ,
           who
           was
           at
           Moseyk
           ,
           retired
           with
           his
           Army
           to
           Vassemburgh
           ,
           and
           higher
           towards
           the
           River
           Roer
           .
           'T
           was
           believed
           that
           his
           Highness's
           principal
           design
           was
           to
           chase
           the
           French
           from
           their
           quarters
           near
           the
           Meuse
           ,
           and
           give
           battle
           to
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Duras
          
           ,
           who
           commanded
           the
           Enemy's
           
           Troops
           ,
           in
           case
           he
           found
           a
           favorable
           opportunity
           to
           do
           it
           .
           To
           effect
           this
           ,
           having
           passed
           his
           Army
           upon
           a
           bridge
           of
           boats
           near
           Navagne
           ,
           and
           joyned
           the
           Auxiliaries
           which
           came
           to
           him
           from
           Spain
           ,
           he
           marched
           directly
           to
           Tongres
           ,
           and
           invested
           it
           on
           all
           sides
           with
           the
           Spanish
           Cavalry
           and
           his
           own
           .
           He
           had
           no
           sooner
           done
           this
           ,
           but
           news
           was
           brought
           him
           that
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Duras
          
           had
           decamped
           ,
           upon
           which
           repassing
           the
           Meuse
           between
           Sittart
           and
           Maseik
           ,
           he
           encamped
           near
           Ainsberg
           ,
           where
           he
           continued
           two
           days
           ,
           to
           see
           if
           he
           cou'd
           engage
           the
           Count
           to
           give
           him
           battle
           ,
           but
           the
           River
           which
           was
           swell'd
           with
           the
           late
           rains
           not
           favouring
           his
           design
           ,
           he
           returned
           the
           same
           way
           to
           Mastricht
           ;
           from
           whence
           he
           detach'd
           a
           party
           of
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           to
           possess
           themselves
           of
           the
           Castle
           of
           Valcheron
           .
           This
           Castle
           was
           strongly
           fortified
           ,
           but
           after
           some
           resistance
           surrendred
           at
           discretion
           .
           They
           found
           in
           it
           great
           quantity
           of
           Hay
           and
           Corn
           ,
           and
           other
           Provisions
           .
           After
           this
           his
           Highness
           marched
           to
           Lewick
           ,
           hoping
           to
           engage
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           but
           the
           Count
           had
           retired
           in
           mighty
           speed
           ,
           and
           was
           got
           at
           such
           a
           distance
           from
           the
           Princ's
           Army
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           impossible
           to
           overtake
           him
           .
        
         
           At
           last
           perceiving
           that
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Duras
          
           had
           no
           mind
           to
           hazard
           a
           battle
           ,
           he
           ordered
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Marcin
          
           to
           invest
           Charleroy
           with
           the
           Van-guard
           ,
           while
           he
           himself
           followed
           with
           the
           main
           body
           of
           the
           Army
           ;
           but
           the
           
           weather
           was
           so
           violently
           cold
           that
           it
           was
           impossible
           to
           open
           the
           Trenches
           ,
           or
           to
           make
           the
           least
           circumvallation
           ,
           so
           that
           after
           he
           had
           made
           himself
           Master
           of
           Bins
           ,
           taking
           three
           Captains
           with
           Three
           Hundred
           Soldiers
           Prisoners
           ,
           pillaged
           and
           demollished
           the
           Town
           ,
           he
           marched
           back
           the
           same
           way
           ,
           and
           put
           his
           Army
           into
           Winter
           Quarters
           .
           The
           Count
           
             de
             Montal
          
           ,
           who
           sometimes
           shut
           himself
           up
           in
           Tongres
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           in
           Charleroy
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           afraid
           for
           both
           these
           places
           ,
           and
           yet
           could
           not
           tell
           which
           of
           them
           the
           Prince
           would
           besiege
           ,
           was
           much
           mistaken
           to
           imagine
           ,
           that
           the
           Prince
           would
           undertake
           a
           long
           siege
           in
           the
           most
           rigorous
           season
           of
           the
           Year
           .
           However
           it
           was
           very
           remarkable
           ,
           That
           a
           young
           General
           ,
           who
           commanded
           an
           Army
           composed
           of
           so
           many
           different
           Nations
           ,
           should
           be
           able
           to
           march
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           so
           violent
           a
           Winter
           into
           the
           Enemies
           Country
           ,
           to
           beat
           an
           old
           General
           from
           his
           post
           ,
           to
           offer
           him
           battle
           ,
           and
           for
           this
           purpose
           to
           follow
           him
           from
           place
           to
           place
           ,
           to
           alarm
           two
           strong
           Garrisons
           ,
           and
           return
           home
           with
           abundance
           of
           Prisoners
           ,
           and
           the
           booty
           of
           two
           fortified
           places
           ,
           and
           all
           this
           in
           the
           compass
           of
           nine
           days
           ,
           without
           the
           loss
           of
           any
           of
           his
           men
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           very
           few
           .
           Not
           to
           mention
           the
           terror
           he
           put
           the
           Archbishop
           of
           Colen
           in
           ,
           who
           neither
           thought
           himself
           safe
           at
           Bonn
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           place
           within
           his
           own
           Territories
           ,
           while
           the
           Prince
           was
           so
           near
           him
           .
        
         
         
           During
           the
           Prince's
           Expedition
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           got
           together
           an
           Army
           of
           Forty
           Thousand
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ,
           with
           a
           resolution
           to
           conquer
           the
           Province
           of
           Holland
           ,
           and
           hoping
           to
           enrich
           himself
           and
           his
           men
           with
           the
           pillage
           of
           Leyden
           and
           the
           Hague
           ,
           designed
           to
           march
           upon
           the
           Ice
           ,
           with
           the
           Flower
           of
           the
           French
           Army
           ,
           towards
           the
           end
           of
           December
           ;
           but
           being
           arrived
           at
           Slinwetering
           he
           found
           the
           Waters
           so
           high
           that
           only
           Three
           Thousand
           five
           Hundred
           Foot
           could
           pass
           ,
           the
           rest
           being
           obliged
           to
           return
           to
           Naerden
           .
           This
           party
           first
           attacked
           Nieucrop
           ,
           but
           was
           repulsed
           by
           the
           Peasants
           ,
           so
           that
           he
           marched
           toward
           Swammerdam
           ,
           where
           the
           Soldiers
           were
           the
           first
           that
           fled
           ,
           leaving
           the
           Inhabitants
           to
           the
           Mercy
           of
           the
           Enemy
           .
           Nevertheless
           Count
           Koningsmark
           ,
           who
           commanded
           at
           Bodegrave
           ,
           having
           advice
           of
           the
           coming
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           made
           all
           imaginable
           haste
           to
           march
           by
           Leiden
           ,
           and
           posted
           a
           Regiment
           at
           Goursluys
           to
           hinder
           their
           incursions
           on
           that
           side
           .
        
         
           This
           desperate
           and
           unexpected
           march
           of
           the
           French
           at
           first
           put
           the
           people
           into
           a
           great
           consternation
           ,
           particularly
           those
           of
           the
           Hague
           ;
           but
           nothing
           discouraged
           them
           so
           much
           ,
           as
           to
           hear
           that
           while
           the
           States
           took
           all
           imaginable
           care
           to
           prevent
           the
           Enemies
           returning
           ,
           Collonel
           Painvin
           had
           abandoned
           his
           Post
           at
           Niewerbourg
           ,
           and
           retired
           to
           Tergou
           .
           By
           this
           means
           the
           Enemy
           had
           an
           open
           free
           passage
           to
           go
           home
           when
           they
           
           pleased
           ,
           whereas
           otherwise
           they
           must
           either
           have
           perished
           in
           the
           Water
           ,
           or
           else
           surrendred
           themselves
           at
           discretion
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           great
           Thaw
           which
           followed
           soon
           after
           :
           But
           all
           their
           fears
           and
           apprehensions
           vanish'd
           at
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange's
           return
           ,
           who
           having
           at
           Breda
           received
           advice
           of
           this
           enterprize
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           arrived
           with
           incredible
           diligence
           at
           Alfen
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           short
           time
           his
           presence
           re-established
           every
           thing
           as
           before
           .
           All
           this
           while
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           ravaged
           the
           heart
           of
           the
           Country
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           like
           to
           have
           lost
           his
           life
           by
           a
           fall
           from
           his
           Horse
           into
           the
           water
           which
           was
           thaw'd
           ,
           his
           people
           saving
           him
           not
           without
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           difficulty
           .
           But
           tho
           he
           made
           a
           shift
           to
           escape
           ,
           it
           did
           not
           fare
           so
           well
           with
           Six
           Hundred
           of
           his
           best
           Soldiers
           ,
           who
           there
           perished
           .
           Thus
           ended
           this
           bold
           and
           hazardous
           Expedition
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           certain
           the
           French
           committed
           unheard
           of
           cruelties
           at
           Swammerdam
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           places
           that
           fell
           into
           their
           hands
           ,
           ravishing
           the
           women
           ,
           stripping
           and
           wounding
           young
           and
           old
           ,
           and
           throwing
           Children
           into
           the
           Fire
           .
           But
           these
           losses
           nevertheless
           were
           in
           some
           manner
           recompenced
           by
           the
           taking
           of
           Coeverden
           ,
           which
           is
           one
           of
           the
           strongest
           Cities
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           the
           Key
           of
           Friezland
           and
           Groningen
           ,
           encompassed
           on
           all
           sides
           with
           a
           Morass
           ,
           fortified
           with
           large
           deep
           double
           Ditches
           ,
           the
           Ramparts
           extreamly
           high
           and
           strong
           ,
           and
           defended
           by
           seven
           Bastions
           that
           
           carry
           the
           names
           of
           the
           seven
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           a
           very
           regular
           Castle
           ,
           looked
           upon
           by
           ancient
           Writers
           to
           be
           impregnable
           .
           This
           City
           fell
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Munster
           ,
           in
           the
           fatal
           Year
           1672
           ,
           not
           without
           suspicion
           of
           Treachery
           .
           But
           Fortune
           now
           declining
           to
           espouse
           the
           French
           Interest
           any
           longer
           ,
           since
           his
           Highness
           was
           restored
           to
           all
           his
           paternal
           dignities
           ;
           it
           was
           retaken
           with
           as
           much
           gallantry
           and
           courage
           ,
           as
           it
           had
           been
           lost
           with
           dishonor
           and
           cowardice
           .
           For
           this
           very
           same
           place
           ,
           which
           Verdugo
           had
           in
           vain
           besieged
           ,
           for
           the
           space
           of
           one
           and
           thirty
           weeks
           together
           ;
           and
           which
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Munster
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           rendred
           himself
           Master
           of
           it
           ,
           had
           plentifully
           stored
           with
           provisions
           ,
           out
           of
           a
           prospect
           of
           making
           it
           the
           Magazine
           for
           those
           parts
           ,
           was
           by
           a
           party
           of
           Nine
           Hundred
           and
           Sixty
           men
           only
           ,
           commanded
           by
           M.
           
             de
             Rabenhaut
          
           ,
           retaken
           in
           less
           than
           an
           hour
           ,
           without
           the
           loss
           of
           more
           than
           Sixty
           men
           ,
           whereas
           the
           Enemy
           lost
           above
           an
           Hundred
           and
           fifty
           ,
           besides
           the
           Officers
           that
           were
           slain
           at
           the
           assault
           ,
           and
           four
           Hundred
           and
           thirty
           Prisoners
           taken
           ,
           of
           which
           number
           were
           six
           Captains
           ,
           eleven
           Lieutenants
           ,
           and
           fourteen
           Ensigns
           .
           The
           rest
           of
           the
           Garrison
           ,
           for
           in
           all
           it
           consisted
           of
           Nine
           Hundred
           men
           ,
           saved
           themselves
           by
           a
           precipitate
           flight
           as
           soon
           as
           they
           saw
           the
           City
           was
           lost
           .
           But
           what
           was
           most
           considerable
           ,
           there
           was
           found
           in
           this
           important
           Fortress
           such
           a
           prodigious
           quantity
           of
           all
           warlike
           
           Ammunitions
           ,
           and
           other
           Provisions
           ,
           that
           without
           question
           the
           Enemy
           might
           have
           maintain'd
           the
           Siege
           much
           longer
           .
           Besides
           as
           the
           retaking
           of
           this
           strong
           place
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           gave
           infinite
           incouragement
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           so
           the
           loss
           of
           it
           extremely
           mortified
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           put
           them
           into
           such
           a
           terrible
           consternation
           ,
           that
           upon
           the
           news
           of
           this
           loss
           they
           abandon'd
           several
           other
           places
           .
           All
           this
           served
           to
           increase
           the
           reputation
           of
           his
           Royal
           Highness
           ,
           for
           the
           people
           observing
           how
           much
           all
           affairs
           went
           for
           the
           better
           ,
           ever
           since
           the
           management
           of
           them
           was
           lodged
           in
           his
           hands
           ,
           they
           were
           easily
           perswaded
           ,
           and
           that
           not
           without
           good
           reason
           ,
           that
           all
           this
           unexpected
           series
           of
           successes
           was
           the
           sole
           effect
           of
           his
           bravery
           and
           conduct
           .
        
         
           At
           this
           time
           the
           disputes
           between
           the
           new
           and
           old
           Magistrates
           of
           Friezland
           were
           carried
           on
           with
           that
           warmth
           and
           vigour
           that
           they
           held
           their
           Assemblies
           apart
           ,
           and
           formed
           resolutions
           intirely
           opposite
           to
           each
           other
           .
           This
           disorder
           ,
           which
           might
           in
           time
           have
           proved
           pernicious
           to
           the
           public
           tranquillity
           ,
           cou'd
           neither
           be
           determin'd
           by
           the
           Governor
           of
           that
           Province
           ,
           nor
           by
           the
           Princess
           Dowager
           of
           Orange
           ,
           whatever
           instances
           and
           precautions
           both
           one
           and
           the
           other
           used
           to
           extinguish
           the
           differences
           ;
           but
           no
           sooner
           had
           the
           Commissioners
           sent
           by
           the
           Prince
           arrived
           there
           ,
           but
           all
           these
           breaches
           were
           repaired
           ,
           and
           the
           Country
           once
           more
           settled
           in
           order
           and
           union
           .
        
         
         
           After
           this
           ,
           his
           Highness
           went
           in
           person
           to
           Zealand
           ,
           where
           the
           same
           divisions
           reigned
           as
           in
           Friezland
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           moment
           he
           appear'd
           in
           the
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States
           at
           Middleburg
           ,
           all
           the
           differences
           vanished
           ,
           and
           the
           Province
           was
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           defend
           it self
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           satisfaction
           of
           the
           people
           in
           general
           ,
           the
           Magistrates
           in
           particular
           ,
           and
           the
           eternal
           praise
           of
           this
           illustrious
           Prince
           .
           He
           took
           occasion
           from
           hence
           to
           go
           and
           visit
           the
           frontiers
           and
           fortifications
           of
           
             Flushing
             ,
             Sluyis
          
           ,
           and
           Ardenburgh
           ,
           where
           they
           deliver'd
           him
           the
           Keys
           in
           a
           Silver
           Bason
           by
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           young
           Maids
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           all
           drest
           up
           with
           Flowers
           .
           He
           did
           the
           same
           thing
           at
           
             Assendyck
             ,
             Bergen
             ap
             zoom
             ,
             Breda
             ,
             Boisleduc
             ,
          
           and
           other
           places
           ;
           and
           af●…er
           making
           an
           exact
           review
           returned
           to
           the
           Hague
           .
        
         
           The
           Spring
           was
           by
           this
           time
           well
           advanced
           ,
           and
           the
           Hollanders
           had
           business
           enough
           on
           their
           hands
           ;
           for
           on
           one
           side
           they
           were
           attaqued
           by
           the
           King
           of
           France
           in
           person
           with
           a
           powerful
           Army
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           were
           at
           Utrecht
           with
           great
           forces
           ,
           watching
           an
           opportunity
           to
           throw
           themselves
           into
           the
           heart
           of
           the
           Country
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           other
           side
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           with
           his
           Fleet
           and
           that
           of
           France
           conjoyn'd
           ,
           vigorously
           attacqued
           them
           .
           For
           these
           reasons
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           cou'd
           not
           stir
           abroad
           ,
           being
           constrained
           to
           keep
           his
           post
           ,
           as
           well
           to
           have
           an
           eye
           upon
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           
           Luxemburg
           ,
           as
           to
           prevent
           the
           descent
           of
           the
           English.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           May
           1673
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           France
           parted
           from
           Paris
           at
           the
           head
           of
           a
           great
           Army
           ,
           which
           several
           other
           Bodies
           in
           the
           French
           Acquisitions
           were
           to
           join
           ;
           and
           after
           a
           slow
           march
           sate
           down
           before
           Maestricht
           on
           the
           10th
           of
           Iune
           with
           all
           his
           forces
           ,
           consisting
           in
           all
           of
           forty
           two
           thousand
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ;
           having
           given
           Orders
           before
           to
           the
           Count
           
             d'
             Orge
          
           to
           invest
           the
           place
           with
           three
           thousand
           Horse
           .
           The
           Garrison
           of
           Maestricht
           consisted
           of
           about
           four
           thousand
           Foot
           ,
           and
           eight
           or
           nine
           hundred
           Horse
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Farjaux
          
           Governour
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           a
           brave
           experienced
           Captain
           ,
           as
           he
           abundantly
           convinced
           all
           the
           World
           by
           the
           generous
           resistance
           he
           made
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           vast
           inundation
           of
           blood
           it
           cost
           the
           French
           King
           to
           take
           it
           ;
           who
           lost
           on
           this
           occasion
           more
           than
           9000
           of
           his
           best
           Souldiers
           ,
           all
           his
           Musqueteers
           except
           seven
           ,
           and
           an
           infinite
           number
           of
           gallant
           Officers
           :
           and
           perhaps
           it
           had
           not
           been
           purchased
           so
           easily
           ,
           if
           the
           Besieged
           had
           been
           in
           time
           relieved
           with
           a
           recruit
           only
           of
           a
           thousand
           men
           ,
           or
           if
           they
           had
           been
           better
           provided
           with
           ammunition
           ,
           which
           now
           began
           to
           fail
           them
           .
           It
           would
           be
           too
           tedious
           to
           give
           an
           exact
           relation
           here
           of
           all
           the
           rencounters
           ,
           and
           bloody
           combats
           that
           happen'd
           night
           and
           day
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           firing
           which
           was
           made
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           this
           being
           rather
           the
           business
           of
           a
           Journalist
           than
           
           an
           Historian
           .
           I
           shall
           therefore
           content
           my self
           to
           say
           in
           a
           few
           words
           ,
           that
           after
           the
           Garrison
           ,
           by
           a
           vigorous
           defence
           ,
           which
           lasted
           near
           three
           weeks
           ,
           had
           lost
           one
           half
           of
           her
           men
           ,
           by
           continual
           Batteries
           and
           Assaults
           one
           after
           another
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           remained
           were
           not
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           defend
           themselves
           any
           longer
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           perpetual
           fatigues
           they
           had
           endured
           ,
           the
           Governour
           was
           sorced
           at
           last
           ,
           at
           the
           repeated
           instances
           of
           the
           Magistrates
           ,
           or
           rather
           by
           the
           treachery
           of
           some
           Ecclesiasticks
           of
           the
           Romish
           perswasion
           ,
           to
           capitulate
           and
           surrender
           himself
           .
           In
           effect
           ,
           upon
           a
           faithful
           relation
           which
           the
           Governor
           gave
           his
           Highness
           of
           all
           that
           had
           happen'd
           ,
           the
           Prince
           was
           so
           well
           satisfy'd
           with
           his
           conduct
           ,
           that
           he
           made
           him
           Major
           General
           of
           his
           Army
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           say
           the
           truth
           his
           opposition
           had
           been
           so
           vigorous
           ,
           and
           withal
           so
           fatal
           to
           the
           French
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           of
           France
           thought
           he
           had
           done
           enough
           for
           this
           Campaign
           in
           only
           taking
           Mastricht
           .
           So
           that
           after
           he
           had
           demolished
           the
           Fortifications
           of
           Tongres
           ,
           he
           divided
           his
           Army
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           part
           of
           which
           he
           sent
           to
           the
           Mareschal
           
             de
             Turenne
          
           ,
           another
           body
           was
           appointed
           to
           ravage
           the
           Country
           of
           Triers
           ,
           because
           the
           Elector
           of
           that
           name
           had
           taken
           the
           Emperor's
           side
           .
           And
           three
           Brigades
           marched
           immediately
           to
           reinforce
           the
           Army
           which
           was
           in
           Holland
           .
        
         
           The
           French
           Army
           being
           thus
           dispersed
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           Fleet
           after
           the
           last
           Engagement
           
           leaving
           the
           Coasts
           of
           Holland
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           found
           himself
           more
           at
           liberty
           ,
           and
           not
           enduring
           to
           spend
           any
           more
           time
           without
           action
           ,
           he
           recalled
           all
           the
           Troops
           that
           were
           in
           Zealand
           ,
           to
           come
           and
           joyn
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           marched
           all
           on
           the
           sudden
           to
           besiege
           Naerden
           with
           twenty
           five
           thousand
           Men.
           He
           gave
           the
           Command
           of
           the
           Cavalry
           to
           Major
           General
           Farjaux
           ,
           and
           took
           his
           Quarter
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           Count
           Waldeck
           on
           the
           other
           .
           While
           things
           were
           in
           this
           posture
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           having
           made
           up
           a
           body
           of
           ten
           thousand
           Men
           besides
           four
           Regiments
           of
           Munsterian
           Horse
           ,
           advanced
           within
           sight
           of
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           the
           Prince's
           intrenchments
           ,
           which
           by
           that
           time
           were
           finished
           ;
           but
           not
           daring
           to
           relieve
           the
           Town
           ,
           the
           Prince
           pursued
           his
           design
           ,
           took
           the
           Counterscarp
           by
           assault
           ,
           and
           the
           Ravelin
           before
           the
           Huyserport
           after
           three
           hours
           resistance
           ,
           forced
           the
           besieged
           to
           retire
           into
           the
           Town
           in
           great
           disorder
           ,
           and
           obliged
           them
           the
           day
           following
           after
           the
           loss
           of
           their
           Forts
           to
           demand
           leave
           to
           Capitulate
           .
           In
           short
           the
           Town
           was
           surrendred
           ,
           on
           condition
           the
           Garrison
           should
           march
           out
           with
           Colours
           flying
           ,
           Drums
           beating
           ,
           and
           two
           pieces
           of
           Cannon
           .
        
         
           The
           Governour
           ,
           as
           he
           passed
           by
           ,
           saluted
           his
           Highness
           with
           a
           profound
           Reverence
           ,
           and
           as
           't
           is
           reported
           ,
           told
           the
           Prince
           that
           he
           had
           very
           good
           reasons
           ,
           for
           delivering
           up
           the
           Town
           in
           so
           short
           a
           time
           ,
           which
           he
           would
           
           acquaint
           the
           King
           his
           master
           with
           at
           a
           proper
           time
           and
           place
           :
           but
           in
           all
           appearance
           his
           reasons
           upon
           examination
           were
           not
           thought
           valid
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           condemned
           to
           perpetual
           imprisonment
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           been
           degraded
           at
           Utrecht
           in
           a
           very
           ignominious
           manner
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           all
           the
           world
           was
           surprized
           ,
           that
           the
           French
           so
           easily
           abandon'd
           a
           place
           of
           that
           importance
           and
           strength
           ,
           and
           which
           was
           in
           so
           good
           a
           condition
           to
           defend
           it self
           ;
           for
           there
           were
           Two
           thousand
           Nine
           hundred
           and
           thirty
           Souldiers
           in
           the
           Garrison
           ,
           who
           wanted
           no
           provisions
           ;
           besides
           that
           the
           French
           ,
           ever
           since
           they
           had
           rendred
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           it
           had
           fortified
           it
           extremely
           .
           But
           whatever
           was
           the
           cause
           of
           it
           ,
           whether
           some
           divisions
           arising
           between
           them
           and
           the
           Swissers
           ,
           as
           some
           people
           imagine
           ,
           or
           something
           else
           which
           we
           don't
           know
           ,
           his
           Highness
           ,
           who
           to
           encourage
           the
           Souldiers
           by
           his
           own
           example
           ,
           exposed
           his
           person
           to
           all
           dangers
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           Trenches
           and
           upon
           the
           Batteries
           ,
           carried
           the
           Town
           in
           four
           days
           ,
           having
           only
           100
           men
           slain
           outright
           ,
           and
           about
           200
           wounded
           ,
           whereas
           the
           Enemy
           lost
           abundance
           more
           ,
           which
           is
           quite
           contrary
           to
           what
           happens
           in
           all
           other
           Sieges
           .
           Nor
           was
           he
           less
           careful
           to
           preservehis
           conquest
           ,
           than
           he
           was
           to
           acquire
           it
           :
           to
           this
           purpose
           having
           given
           all
           necessary
           orders
           to
           repair
           the
           Fortifications
           ,
           and
           placed
           a
           sufficient
           Garrison
           in
           in
           it
           ,
           he
           made
           Count
           Coningsmark
           ,
           a
           brave
           experienced
           Captain
           ,
           Governour
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           then
           returned
           to
           the
           Hague
           to
           
           prepare
           himself
           for
           some
           greater
           designs
           .
        
         
           For
           after
           the
           States
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           had
           made
           a
           stricter
           alliance
           with
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           and
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           to
           defend
           themselves
           mutually
           against
           France
           their
           common
           Enemy
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           were
           obliged
           to
           assist
           one
           another
           conjointly
           with
           all
           their
           forces
           ;
           after
           this
           triple
           alliance
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           in
           consequence
           of
           which
           ,
           the
           Imperial
           Army
           consisting
           of
           about
           Twenty
           Thousand
           Foot
           and
           Ten
           Thousand
           Horse
           was
           already
           on
           their
           March
           ;
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           to
           perform
           something
           remarkable
           before
           the
           season
           was
           over
           ,
           caused
           his
           Army
           to
           advance
           to
           Rosendael
           in
           Brabant
           ,
           and
           following
           it
           soon
           after
           himself
           ,
           he
           joyn'd
           with
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Monterey
          
           ,
           who
           without
           the
           least
           difficulty
           yielded
           to
           him
           the
           preheminence
           and
           command
           of
           the
           whole
           Army
           .
           But
           finding
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           had
           changed
           his
           post
           upon
           the
           news
           of
           the
           two
           Armies
           being
           joyn'd
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           had
           so
           well
           intrenched
           himself
           that
           it
           was
           impossible
           to
           attack
           him
           ,
           he
           advanced
           higher
           ,
           and
           joyn'd
           the
           Imperial
           Army
           commanded
           by
           Montecuculi
           ,
           between
           Andernach
           and
           Bon.
           In
           his
           march
           he
           summoned
           Rhinbeck
           to
           surrender
           ,
           which
           thro
           the
           perswasion
           of
           a
           Burgher
           ,
           who
           encouraged
           the
           rest
           to
           make
           resistance
           ,
           being
           refused
           ,
           he
           commanded
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Walkenburg
          
           to
           take
           two
           Regiments
           of
           Dragoons
           ,
           and
           two
           of
           Infantry
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           an
           assault
           ,
           which
           they
           did
           with
           that
           vigour
           ,
           that
           the
           Souldiers
           entring
           the
           Town
           
           put
           all
           to
           the
           Sword
           ,
           and
           hang'd
           up
           the
           Burgher
           who
           had
           so
           ill
           advised
           them
           as
           to
           make
           an
           opposition
           .
        
         
           The
           Confederates
           being
           now
           joyn'd
           ,
           it
           was
           resolved
           to
           attack
           Bonn.
           The
           better
           to
           effect
           this
           the
           Marquis
           
             d'
             Arsentar
          
           was
           dispatched
           to
           Kessenning
           to
           take
           his
           quarters
           there
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           next
           day
           Montecuculi
           lodged
           the
           Imperialists
           at
           Goedesbourg
           .
           His
           Highness
           went
           to
           post
           himself
           with
           all
           his
           forces
           at
           Rynford
           ,
           and
           General
           Spork
           ,
           who
           commanded
           the
           Imperial
           Cavalry
           ,
           planted
           himself
           on
           the
           other
           side
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           near
           Westerwaldt
           .
        
         
           Bonn
           is
           a
           considerable
           City
           ,
           called
           by
           the
           
             Romans
             ,
             Iulia
             Bonna
          
           ,
           scituate
           upon
           the
           Rhine
           ,
           within
           four
           Leagues
           of
           Colen
           .
           As
           it
           was
           then
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Elector
           and
           the
           French
           ,
           they
           had
           placed
           in
           it
           a
           Garrison
           of
           two
           Thousand
           men
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Lantsberghen
           ,
           and
           had
           provided
           it
           with
           all
           ammunitions
           of
           war
           ,
           with
           Twenty
           four
           piece
           of
           Cannon
           planted
           upon
           the
           Walls
           and
           Ramparts
           .
           The
           Confederates
           not
           thinking
           themselves
           sufficiently
           paid
           for
           the
           loss
           of
           Mastricht
           by
           the
           retaking
           of
           Naerden
           ,
           resolved
           to
           render
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           Bonn.
           The
           Pr.
           of
           Conde
           durst
           not
           hinder
           them
           in
           person
           ,
           but
           sent
           the
           Mareschal
           
             d'
             Humieres
          
           with
           a
           body
           of
           five
           Thousand
           Horse
           to
           oppose
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           endeavour
           to
           throw
           some
           relief
           into
           the
           Town
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Siege
           .
           To
           put
           this
           in
           execution
           he
           advanced
           as
           far
           as
           Birchem
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           sent
           a
           party
           of
           an
           Hundred
           
           Horse
           ,
           who
           pretending
           that
           they
           belonged
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           Lorrain
           ,
           passed
           through
           the
           midst
           of
           the
           Imperialists
           ,
           without
           being
           stopt
           by
           any
           of
           the
           Centinels
           ,
           and
           so
           got
           safe
           into
           the
           City
           .
           But
           another
           Hundred
           hoping
           to
           meet
           the
           same
           success
           ,
           as
           they
           passed
           by
           his
           Highness's
           Quarters
           ,
           found
           the
           Centinels
           not
           so
           credulous
           as
           their
           Brethren
           were
           ,
           so
           they
           were
           all
           cut
           in
           pieces
           ,
           or
           made
           Prisoners
           ;
           which
           news
           coming
           to
           the
           ears
           of
           five
           Hundred
           more
           ,
           who
           had
           hid
           themselves
           in
           a
           neighbouring
           Wood
           upon
           the
           same
           design
           ,
           they
           fled
           with
           the
           greatest
           precipitation
           imaginable
           .
           At
           this
           time
           General
           Spork
           detached
           a
           body
           of
           five
           Thousand
           Horse
           to
           go
           and
           meet
           the
           French
           ,
           which
           the
           Mareschal
           being
           informed
           of
           ,
           he
           sounded
           a
           retreat
           ,
           and
           went
           back
           to
           Utrecht
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Bsiegers
           having
           finished
           their
           Batteries
           ,
           and
           made
           their
           approaches
           ,
           gave
           but
           little
           ,
           or
           no
           rest
           at
           all
           to
           the
           besieged
           ,
           and
           after
           they
           had
           made
           three
           Mines
           ready
           to
           spring
           ,
           they
           prepared
           to
           give
           a
           general
           assault
           .
           Nevertheless
           the
           Generals
           of
           the
           Confederates
           being
           willing
           to
           spare
           their
           own
           People
           ,
           and
           hoping
           to
           make
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           the
           place
           by
           gentler
           methods
           ,
           sent
           to
           summon
           the
           Governor
           afresh
           ,
           remonstrating
           to
           him
           that
           he
           had
           no
           hopes
           of
           being
           relieved
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           ready
           to
           spring
           three
           Mines
           ;
           that
           to
           be
           farther
           satisfied
           of
           the
           truth
           of
           this
           matter
           he
           might
           if
           he
           so
           pleased
           ,
           send
           one
           of
           his
           own
           men
           to
           behold
           them
           ;
           
           and
           that
           in
           case
           of
           longer
           resistance
           they
           were
           resolved
           to
           put
           all
           to
           the
           Sword
           ,
           without
           giving
           quarter
           to
           any
           whom
           they
           found
           in
           arms
           .
           This
           message
           so
           effectually
           frighted
           the
           besieged
           ,
           that
           after
           a
           few
           days
           siege
           they
           demanded
           Articles
           ,
           and
           surrendred
           the
           same
           day
           upon
           the
           ordinary
           conditions
           ,
           viz.
           to
           go
           out
           with
           Drums
           beating
           ,
           Colours
           flying
           ,
           without
           carrying
           any
           provisions
           ,
           or
           ammunition
           with
           them
           ,
           except
           two
           pieces
           of
           Cannon
           .
           There
           went
           out
           of
           the
           Garrison
           a
           Thousand
           five
           Hundred
           men
           ,
           the
           rest
           being
           either
           slain
           or
           wounded
           ,
           All
           the
           Germans
           who
           were
           in
           this
           number
           immediately
           deserted
           ,
           and
           listed
           themselves
           in
           the
           Emperour's
           service
           .
        
         
           The
           City
           being
           taken
           ,
           his
           Highness
           retired
           to
           Vesseling
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           marching
           lower
           with
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           the
           Imperialists
           (
           for
           he
           commanded
           both
           ever
           since
           the
           departure
           of
           Montecuculi
           for
           Vienna
           ,
           till
           the
           arrival
           of
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Bournonville
          
           )
           he
           took
           the
           two
           Castles
           of
           Brevel
           and
           Sechuich
           ,
           the
           latter
           of
           which
           had
           a
           Garrison
           of
           two
           Hundred
           French
           commanded
           by
           a
           German
           ,
           who
           perceiving
           that
           the
           Soldiers
           ,
           after
           they
           were
           summon'd
           to
           surrender
           ,
           resolved
           to
           hold
           it
           out
           to
           the
           last
           ,
           bethought
           himself
           of
           a
           stratagem
           to
           make
           them
           alter
           their
           opinions
           ,
           for
           having
           commanded
           the
           French
           to
           go
           down
           into
           the
           lower
           Court
           ,
           under
           a
           pretence
           to
           defend
           it
           ,
           when
           he
           saw
           them
           all
           there
           ,
           he
           drew
           the
           Draw-bridge
           upon
           them
           ,
           who
           
           finding
           themselves
           by
           this
           means
           exposed
           to
           a
           much
           greater
           number
           ,
           were
           forced
           to
           yield
           up
           the
           place
           .
        
         
           This
           same
           Castle
           in
           the
           year
           1642
           ,
           had
           been
           besieged
           by
           the
           entire
           army
           of
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Weimar
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Landgrave
           of
           Hesse
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           the
           Counts
           
             de
             Guebriant
          
           and
           
             d'
             Eberstein
          
           ,
           and
           for
           six
           weeks
           together
           was
           battered
           with
           extraordinary
           fury
           .
           But
           after
           all
           their
           efforts
           they
           were
           constrained
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           .
        
         
           All
           this
           while
           the
           Mareschal
           
             de
             Turenne
          
           kept
           himself
           at
           a
           distance
           ,
           for
           altho
           he
           received
           the
           news
           that
           Bonne
           was
           besieged
           by
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           and
           had
           a
           mighty
           desire
           to
           attempt
           the
           raising
           of
           the
           Siege
           ,
           yet
           knowing
           that
           the
           Duke
           of
           Lorrain
           lay
           upon
           the
           banks
           of
           the
           Moselle
           to
           observe
           him
           ,
           he
           moved
           up
           and
           down
           in
           the
           Electorate
           of
           Ments
           ,
           mightily
           complaining
           that
           he
           was
           no
           sooner
           informed
           of
           the
           joyning
           of
           the
           Confederates
           .
        
         
           The
           mighty
           multitudes
           of
           the
           French
           were
           by
           this
           time
           reduced
           to
           so
           inconsiderable
           a
           number
           ,
           and
           all
           through
           their
           prodigal
           ill-managed
           effusion
           of
           blood
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           not
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           keep
           the
           field
           without
           draining
           their
           Garrisons
           .
           This
           necessity
           obliged
           them
           to
           abandon
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           their
           conquests
           in
           the
           Low
           Countries
           ,
           and
           draw
           out
           their
           men
           from
           thence
           ,
           rather
           than
           suffer
           so
           powerful
           an
           Army
           as
           that
           of
           the
           Confederates
           was
           ,
           to
           retake
           without
           any
           
           manner
           of
           resistance
           the
           Cities
           upon
           the
           Rhine
           ,
           the
           Meuse
           and
           the
           Moselle
           .
        
         
           Woerden
           was
           the
           first
           place
           they
           quitted
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           the
           first
           that
           suffered
           under
           their
           Tyranny
           ,
           the
           Governor
           having
           received
           orders
           from
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           to
           demolish
           the
           Ramparts
           ,
           and
           to
           carry
           away
           with
           him
           all
           the
           Ammunition
           and
           heavy
           Canonn
           :
           But
           as
           in
           the
           bodies
           of
           persons
           possessed
           ,
           the
           Devil
           before
           he
           departs
           ,
           leaves
           terrible
           marks
           of
           his
           rage
           behind
           him
           ;
           so
           after
           the
           same
           manner
           the
           Governor
           of
           this
           Town
           ,
           before
           he
           left
           it
           ,
           sent
           for
           the
           Magistrates
           and
           demanded
           twenty
           Thousand
           Livres
           of
           them
           to
           save
           themselves
           from
           plunder
           and
           fire
           ;
           alledging
           that
           he
           had
           orders
           from
           the
           King
           and
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           to
           pillage
           and
           reduce
           the
           place
           to
           ashes
           ,
           unless
           they
           gave
           him
           the
           above
           mentioned
           Summ.
           The
           Magistrates
           repaired
           to
           Utrecht
           ,
           but
           notwithstanding
           all
           the
           Remonstrances
           and
           Submissions
           they
           made
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           ,
           were
           obliged
           to
           comply
           with
           what
           he
           demanded
           of
           them
           ,
           nay
           and
           more
           than
           that
           ,
           to
           save
           their
           Castle
           ,
           their
           Gates
           ,
           and
           their
           Fortifications
           ,
           which
           ohterwise
           they
           threatned
           to
           lay
           level
           with
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           were
           forced
           to
           leave
           Hostages
           till
           the
           summ
           was
           paid
           .
           The
           malice
           and
           perfidy
           of
           the
           French
           was
           such
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           min'd
           the
           Castle
           and
           one
           of
           the
           Bastions
           ,
           and
           had
           insallibly
           destroy'd
           them
           ,
           if
           the
           Swissers
           that
           werein
           the
           place
           had
           not
           discovered
           their
           treacherous
           intention
           .
        
         
         
           Harderwick
           was
           intirely
           dismantled
           ,
           yet
           for
           all
           that
           they
           had
           the
           good
           manners
           to
           demand
           twelve
           Thousand
           Livres
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           but
           the
           richest
           Burghers
           having
           long
           before
           quitted
           the
           Town
           ,
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           go
           without
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Fort
           of
           Crevec●…ur
           was
           utterly
           demolish'd
           :
           nevertheless
           the
           French
           made
           an
           offer
           to
           save
           the
           Church
           and
           the
           Governor's
           House
           for
           the
           summ
           of
           three
           Thousand
           Pistols
           ,
           to
           be
           paid
           by
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           Boisleduc
           ,
           but
           this
           proposal
           being
           rejected
           ,
           they
           neither
           spared
           the
           House
           ,
           nor
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
           Bommel
           ,
           a
           Fortress
           of
           great
           importance
           ,
           upon
           the
           Fortifications
           of
           which
           place
           the
           King
           of
           France
           had
           expended
           the
           summ
           of
           Sixscore
           Thousand
           Livres
           ,
           was
           deserted
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ;
           the
           Inhabitants
           giving
           a
           dozen
           Hostages
           for
           the
           payment
           of
           two
           Thousand
           Crowns
           ,
           to
           preserve
           their
           Houses
           from
           being
           pillaged
           .
        
         
           Utrecht
           ,
           where
           the
           French
           had
           always
           in
           Garrison
           between
           six
           and
           seven
           Thousand
           men
           at
           least
           ,
           and
           which
           place
           consequently
           was
           a
           mighty
           expence
           to
           them
           ,
           was
           likewise
           abandoned
           .
           Nevertheless
           this
           City
           was
           obliged
           to
           give
           Hostages
           for
           the
           payment
           of
           100
           Thousand
           Crowns
           .
           The
           French
           leaving
           it
           all
           on
           the
           same
           day
           ,
           the
           Burgher-masters
           were
           absolved
           from
           the
           Oath
           they
           had
           taken
           against
           the
           re-establishment
           of
           the
           Pr.
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           sent
           their
           Deputies
           to
           him
           to
           acknowledge
           him
           for
           their
           Stadt-holder
           ,
           
           in
           the
           name
           of
           all
           the
           Province
           ,
           which
           change
           was
           very
           agreeable
           to
           the
           People
           .
        
         
           Elburgh
           upon
           the
           South
           Sea
           ,
           Campen
           on
           the
           Overyssel
           ,
           and
           Hattem
           were
           likewise
           quitted
           by
           the
           French
           ,
           and
           Steenwick
           and
           Weppel
           by
           the
           Munsterians
           .
        
         
           In
           consideration
           of
           so
           unexpected
           a
           change
           ,
           which
           was
           intirely
           owing
           to
           the
           prudent
           conduct
           and
           great
           courage
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           the
           States
           confirmed
           him
           in
           the
           Office
           of
           Stadt-holder
           ,
           to
           testify
           how
           sensible
           they
           were
           of
           the
           services
           he
           had
           done
           the
           Republic
           ;
           and
           not
           content
           with
           this
           ,
           entailed
           this
           Dignity
           upon
           the
           Heirs
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           born
           in
           lawful
           Wedlock
           in
           an
           instrument
           dated
           Febr.
           2d.
           1674.
           
           The
           same
           day
           the
           States
           of
           Zealand
           conferr'd
           the
           same
           administration
           upon
           his
           Royal
           Highness
           ,
           and
           declared
           him
           chief
           Nobleman
           of
           their
           Province
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           high
           time
           now
           to
           deliver
           these
           States
           from
           those
           consusions
           and
           disorders
           ,
           which
           the
           French
           had
           occasioned
           in
           the
           Government
           .
           And
           the
           Prince
           very
           wellknowing
           that
           it
           was
           no
           less
           glorious
           for
           a
           good
           Governour
           to
           reform
           and
           correct
           what
           was
           amiss
           at
           home
           ,
           than
           to
           make
           Conquests
           abroad
           ,
           went
           to
           Utrecht
           to
           settle
           the
           Government
           of
           that
           Province
           upon
           the
           antient
           Foot.
           To
           effect
           this
           ,
           he
           conven'd
           immediately
           after
           his
           arrival
           an
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           where
           it
           was
           resolved
           that
           new
           members
           should
           be
           chose
           to
           compose
           the
           body
           
           of
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Magistracy
           ;
           which
           was
           put
           in
           execution
           in
           the
           very
           same
           manner
           he
           had
           projected
           .
           For
           having
           given
           them
           to
           understand
           ,
           that
           at
           the
           request
           of
           several
           of
           the
           Burghers
           ,
           he
           had
           drawn
           up
           a
           Scheme
           of
           certain
           Orders
           for
           the
           better
           government
           of
           the
           Province
           for
           the
           time
           to
           come
           ;
           but
           yet
           wou'd
           by
           no
           means
           impose
           any
           thing
           upon
           them
           without
           the
           advice
           and
           consent
           of
           those
           that
           were
           present
           ;
           at
           last
           ,
           after
           a
           mature
           deliberation
           ,
           they
           all
           unanimously
           submitted
           to
           the
           Ordinances
           proposed
           by
           his
           Highness
           ,
           which
           were
           ,
           That
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Province
           should
           be
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           three
           distinct
           Societies
           ,
           as
           it
           anciently
           had
           been
           ,
           viz.
           the
           Councellors
           elect
           ,
           the
           body
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           the
           Deputies
           of
           Towns
           :
           that
           the
           Councellors
           elect
           should
           be
           continued
           three
           years
           and
           no
           longer
           ;
           that
           after
           that
           time
           was
           expired
           ,
           which
           they
           were
           to
           acquaint
           the
           Governour
           General
           with
           three
           months
           before
           ,
           he
           should
           have
           power
           to
           continue
           them
           ,
           or
           else
           to
           make
           new
           alterations
           ,
           as
           he
           should
           see
           convenient
           ;
           provided
           he
           nominated
           none
           but
           those
           that
           were
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ,
           and
           that
           amongst
           these
           Councellors
           Elect
           there
           were
           four
           Burghers
           and
           four
           Gentlemen
           ;
           moreover
           ,
           that
           the
           Governour
           General
           should
           have
           the
           disposal
           of
           the
           vacant
           places
           of
           the
           Provosts
           ,
           as
           also
           of
           the
           Revenues
           of
           the
           Vicaridges
           belonging
           to
           the
           Provosts
           ,
           Deans
           and
           Chapters
           of
           Monks
           ,
           as
           
           soon
           as
           they
           fell
           ,
           and
           employ
           this
           for
           the
           maintenance
           of
           poor
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           other
           pious
           uses
           in
           the
           Province
           ;
           that
           to
           avoid
           all
           disputes
           relating
           to
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           the
           Governour
           alone
           should
           have
           the
           power
           ,
           after
           the
           death
           of
           one
           or
           more
           of
           that
           body
           ,
           to
           put
           in
           his
           or
           their
           place
           ,
           such
           Person
           or
           Persons
           as
           he
           should
           think
           fit
           ,
           provided
           they
           made
           profession
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ,
           having
           a
           due
           regard
           to
           their
           Age
           ,
           Birth
           ,
           Estates
           ,
           and
           such
           other
           circumstances
           ;
           that
           after
           the
           first
           nomination
           and
           election
           of
           a
           Governour
           General
           ,
           all
           vacancies
           of
           Bailiffs
           of
           Towns
           ,
           Presidents
           ,
           Advocates
           ,
           and
           in
           short
           of
           all
           civil
           and
           military
           Offices
           ,
           should
           be
           at
           his
           disposal
           .
           After
           this
           a
           form
           of
           an
           Oath
           was
           agreed
           upon
           ,
           which
           all
           that
           were
           present
           were
           to
           take
           without
           further
           scruple
           ,
           and
           all
           others
           should
           be
           obliged
           to
           do
           the
           same
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           several
           functions
           .
           And
           when
           the
           following
           proposition
           was
           made
           ,
           whether
           it
           were
           advisable
           to
           confer
           the
           Charge
           of
           Governour
           General
           ,
           Captain
           ,
           and
           Admiral
           General
           of
           the
           Province
           upon
           his
           Highness
           and
           his
           heirs
           male
           lawfully
           begotten
           ;
           they
           all
           
             nemine
             contradicente
          
           approv'd
           the
           motion
           ,
           and
           so
           conserr'd
           that
           Dignity
           upon
           his
           Highness
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           same
           time
           General
           Rabenhaupt
           ,
           with
           the
           Militia
           of
           Frizeland
           and
           Groningen
           ,
           reinforced
           with
           the
           Regiment
           of
           Bumarnia
           ,
           took
           the
           field
           ,
           and
           made
           himself
           master
           of
           Northom
           ,
           which
           he
           fortified
           with
           sixteen
           
           Companies
           of
           Horse
           ,
           and
           six
           of
           Foot
           ;
           and
           from
           thence
           advancing
           to
           Tuvent
           ,
           took
           several
           other
           places
           of
           less
           importance
           ,
           designing
           to
           chase
           all
           the
           Munsterians
           out
           of
           that
           part
           of
           the
           Country
           ,
           and
           to
           that
           end
           marched
           as
           far
           as
           Nienbuys
           .
        
         
           The
           Enemy
           was
           no
           sooner
           informed
           of
           the
           General
           's
           march
           ,
           but
           they
           invested
           Northom
           with
           five
           Regiments
           of
           Horse
           ,
           three
           Companies
           of
           Dragoons
           ,
           and
           three
           hundred
           Foot
           ,
           commanded
           by
           General
           Nagel
           ,
           and
           beat
           the
           advanced
           Guards
           back
           into
           the
           Town
           .
           General
           Rabenhaupt
           had
           no
           sooner
           received
           intelligence
           of
           this
           ,
           but
           he
           came
           back
           the
           same
           way
           to
           relieve
           the
           place
           ;
           which
           he
           performed
           so
           happily
           ,
           that
           the
           Enemy
           was
           obliged
           to
           betake
           themselves
           to
           flight
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           lost
           a
           hundred
           and
           seventy
           of
           their
           men
           ;
           of
           which
           number
           sixscore
           were
           slain
           upon
           the
           place
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           made
           prisoners
           .
           The
           next
           day
           he
           return'd
           to
           Nienbuys
           ,
           and
           being
           resolved
           to
           make
           short
           work
           on
           't
           ,
           gave
           orders
           to
           five
           Regiments
           to
           make
           an
           Assault
           in
           five
           several
           places
           all
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ;
           which
           they
           executed
           with
           that
           bravery
           ,
           that
           after
           a
           quarter
           of
           an
           hours
           resistance
           ,
           the
           enemy
           was
           forced
           to
           retire
           into
           the
           Castle
           ,
           which
           was
           encompassed
           but
           with
           one
           single
           Rampart
           ,
           and
           defended
           with
           no
           more
           than
           two
           pieces
           of
           Cannon
           .
           The
           Besiegers
           ,
           who
           pushed
           the
           point
           home
           ,
           were
           now
           just
           ready
           to
           enter
           the
           Castle
           ,
           when
           the
           enemy
           begged
           
           quarter
           ,
           which
           was
           granted
           them
           .
           The
           Garrison
           consisted
           of
           three
           hundred
           Foot
           ,
           thirteen
           Officers
           ,
           and
           two
           hundred
           and
           seventy
           Horse
           and
           Dragoons
           ,
           with
           fifteen
           Officers
           .
           General
           Rabenhaupt
           after
           so
           happy
           a
           success
           put
           his
           small
           body
           of
           an
           Army
           into
           Winter
           quarters
           ,
           which
           news
           being
           brought
           to
           Nagel
           ,
           he
           came
           back
           again
           to
           Nyenbuys
           ,
           and
           retook
           it
           for
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Munster
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Bishop
           ,
           either
           dreading
           these
           uncertain
           chances
           of
           War
           ,
           or
           rather
           fearing
           the
           approach
           of
           the
           Imperialists
           ,
           made
           his
           peace
           with
           the
           Emperour
           .
           Which
           so
           mightily
           alarm'd
           the
           French
           ,
           who
           were
           still
           in
           possession
           of
           their
           Frontier
           Towns
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           that
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             Bellefonds
          
           ,
           who
           succeeded
           the
           Mareschal
           
             d'
             Humieres
          
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Conquer'd
           Provinces
           ,
           resolved
           to
           abandon
           the
           rest
           ,
           pretending
           he
           had
           occasion
           for
           the
           men
           to
           preserve
           those
           Conquests
           they
           had
           made
           upon
           the
           Rhine
           .
           Besides
           ,
           being
           informed
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           designed
           to
           march
           into
           Brabant
           with
           thirty
           Thousand
           men
           ,
           there
           to
           joyn
           the
           Spanish
           Army
           that
           was
           composed
           of
           twenty
           Thousand
           ,
           instead
           of
           fortifying
           the
           places
           of
           his
           Government
           ,
           he
           began
           to
           demolish
           them
           .
           Thiel
           compounded
           for
           Twenty
           two
           Thousand
           Florins
           ,
           to
           preserve
           themselves
           from
           fire
           and
           plunder
           ,
           which
           they
           threatned
           them
           with
           ,
           and
           to
           save
           their
           Fortifications
           .
           The
           Town
           of
           Zutphen
           promised
           Seventy
           Thousand
           ,
           and
           gave
           Hostages
           for
           
           the
           security
           of
           payment
           .
           Arnheim
           paid
           Twenty
           six
           Thousand
           Florins
           ,
           and
           four
           Thousand
           Sacks
           of
           Corn
           and
           Meal
           ,
           which
           the
           Magistrates
           of
           the
           Town
           engaged
           to
           see
           carried
           to
           
             Grave
             .
             Deventer
          
           paid
           six
           Thousand
           Rixdollars
           to
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Munster
           .
           Thus
           the
           whole
           Province
           of
           Overyssel
           regained
           its
           ancient
           liberty
           ,
           and
           returned
           to
           its
           natural
           and
           lawful
           Soveraigns
           .
           After
           which
           his
           Highness
           sent
           Commissioners
           thither
           to
           make
           some
           necessary
           alterations
           ,
           and
           regulate
           affairs
           ,
           till
           he
           had
           an
           opportunity
           to
           come
           himself
           in
           person
           and
           put
           a
           full
           conclusion
           to
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           of
           France
           seem'd
           to
           be
           exceedingly
           displeased
           with
           the
           conduct
           of
           the
           Marquis
           
             de
             Bellefonds
          
           so
           that
           he
           banished
           him
           to
           Bourges
           ,
           with
           a
           prohibition
           to
           come
           near
           the
           Court
           ,
           altho
           all
           the
           world
           knew
           this
           was
           only
           a
           meer
           pretence
           to
           conceal
           his
           present
           necessities
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           exhaust
           his
           Garrisons
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           to
           reinforce
           his
           Army
           which
           he
           had
           designed
           for
           the
           Conquest
           of
           the
           Franche-Comte
           .
           But
           the
           honour
           of
           all
           these
           desertions
           was
           justly
           attributed
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ;
           for
           he
           ,
           like
           another
           Scipio
           ,
           carrying
           the
           war
           into
           the
           Enemy's
           Territories
           ,
           in
           less
           than
           two
           years
           ,
           forced
           all
           these
           
             French
             Hannibals
          
           to
           quit
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           and
           seek
           their
           fortune
           elsewhere
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           endeavouring
           ,
           like
           the
           Sea
           ,
           to
           gain
           in
           one
           place
           what
           he
           had
           lost
           in
           another
           ,
           entred
           the
           
           
             Franche
             Comte
          
           with
           a
           prodigious
           Army
           ,
           which
           joyning
           with
           another
           that
           was
           commanded
           by
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           became
           so
           formidable
           ,
           that
           in
           a
           short
           time
           he
           made
           himself
           Master
           of
           
             Besançon
             ,
             Dole
             ,
             Salins
          
           ,
           and
           in
           short
           of
           the
           whole
           Province
           .
           While
           these
           two
           Armies
           were
           thus
           joyn'd
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           repaired
           to
           his
           Army
           at
           
             Berghen
             op
             Zoom
          
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           marched
           to
           Malines
           ,
           and
           kept
           himself
           on
           his
           guard
           in
           Brabant
           ,
           during
           all
           the
           time
           the
           French
           King
           was
           in
           the
           Neighbourhood
           :
           but
           this
           Monarch
           being
           return'd
           to
           Paris
           after
           his
           new
           Couquest
           ,
           where
           he
           lost
           both
           abundance
           of
           brave
           Officers
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           best
           Souldiers
           ,
           the
           Imperialists
           threw
           themselves
           into
           Namur
           ,
           took
           the
           Castle
           ,
           and
           Dinant
           ,
           and
           the
           passage
           of
           the
           Meuse
           being
           by
           this
           means
           opened
           .
           they
           went
           to
           joyn
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Confederates
           towards
           the
           end
           of
           Iuly
           .
           The
           three
           Generals
           after
           some
           conference
           ,
           order'd
           that
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Souches
          
           should
           lead
           the
           Van
           ,
           his
           Highness
           command
           the
           Main
           Body
           ,
           and
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Montery
          
           the
           Rear
           .
           In
           this
           order
           the
           Confederates
           prepared
           to
           attack
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           who
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           Fifty
           Thousand
           men
           was
           encamped
           on
           the
           other
           side
           the
           River
           Pieton
           ,
           to
           prevent
           the
           designs
           of
           the
           Enemy
           .
           The
           Confederates
           ,
           who
           had
           an
           Army
           of
           Sixty
           Thousand
           men
           ,
           resolved
           to
           set
           upon
           the
           Prince
           and
           give
           him
           battle
           .
           With
           this
           prospect
           they
           marched
           strait
           upon
           him
           ,
           having
           abundance
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           provisions
           ,
           
           which
           came
           daily
           out
           of
           Brabant
           .
        
         
           With
           this
           resolution
           the
           Confederate
           Army
           arrived
           at
           Nivelle
           by
           the
           beginning
           of
           August
           ,
           where
           they
           incamped
           for
           some
           days
           .
           But
           because
           they
           saw
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           was
           by
           no
           means
           disposed
           to
           quit
           his
           post
           ,
           but
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           was
           still
           fortifying
           himself
           more
           and
           more
           within
           his
           Trenches
           ,
           the
           Confederates
           judged
           it
           expedient
           to
           approach
           nearer
           to
           him
           ,
           to
           see
           if
           he
           would
           not
           be
           willing
           to
           hazard
           a
           battle
           in
           open
           field
           .
           Being
           therefore
           advanced
           within
           five
           or
           six
           mile
           of
           the
           French
           Camp
           ,
           they
           did
           all
           that
           in
           them
           lay
           to
           make
           him
           leave
           his
           strong
           scituation
           ,
           but
           't
           was
           to
           no
           purpose
           ;
           for
           the
           Prince
           (
           whether
           he
           had
           received
           orders
           from
           the
           King
           ,
           or
           this
           was
           his
           own
           proper
           sense
           of
           the
           affair
           )
           would
           by
           no
           means
           quit
           it
           .
           And
           now
           the
           Confederate
           Army
           finding
           that
           all
           their
           efforts
           were
           in
           vain
           ,
           resolved
           to
           attack
           some
           important
           place
           ,
           not
           doubting
           but
           the
           Prince
           would
           leave
           his
           post
           to
           come
           and
           relieve
           it
           ,
           and
           so
           they
           should
           bring
           their
           designs
           about
           .
        
         
           This
           resolution
           being
           taken
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           decamped
           from
           Senef
           and
           marched
           strait
           on
           the
           side
           of
           Bins
           .
           The
           Imperialists
           had
           the
           Vanguard
           ,
           the
           Hollanders
           the
           Main
           Body
           ,
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           the
           Rear
           ;
           and
           because
           the
           passage
           was
           narrow
           ,
           the
           Cavalry
           marched
           on
           the
           left
           ,
           the
           Infantry
           in
           the
           midst
           ,
           and
           the
           Artillery
           with
           all
           the
           baggage
           on
           the
           left
           also
           ;
           and
           to
           secure
           their
           march
           the
           Prince
           
           
             de
             Vaudemont
          
           still
           kept
           behind
           ,
           with
           four
           Thousand
           Horse
           and
           some
           Dragoons
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           being
           informed
           of
           their
           March
           ,
           and
           knowing
           perfectly
           well
           the
           difficulty
           of
           the
           ways
           through
           which
           the
           Confederates
           were
           to
           pass
           ,
           took
           care
           to
           range
           his
           Army
           in
           order
           .
           However
           not
           thinking
           it
           safe
           for
           him
           to
           engage
           the
           whole
           Army
           of
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           he
           suffer'd
           the
           Vanguard
           with
           a
           considerable
           part
           of
           their
           Main
           Body
           to
           pass
           some
           leagues
           before
           ,
           and
           when
           he
           saw
           they
           were
           too
           far
           advanced
           to
           return
           soon
           enough
           ,
           he
           believed
           he
           might
           now
           fall
           upon
           the
           Rear
           .
           Thus
           the
           Prince
           came
           out
           of
           his
           Trenches
           ,
           and
           attack'd
           Vaudemont's
           Horse
           ,
           who
           seeing
           himself
           in
           a
           Country
           where
           the
           Horse
           could
           do
           no
           great
           service
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Hedges
           and
           Ditches
           ,
           sent
           presently
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           for
           two
           Battalions
           of
           his
           best
           Foot
           ,
           while
           he
           with
           his
           Horse
           kept
           the
           Enemy
           in
           play
           .
           His
           Highness
           sent
           him
           three
           under
           the
           command
           of
           young
           Prince
           Maurice
           of
           Nassau
           ,
           who
           as
           soon
           as
           they
           came
           up
           ,
           were
           placed
           on
           the
           other
           side
           of
           Senef
           ,
           all
           before
           the
           Horse
           in
           a
           four
           square
           body
           .
           And
           now
           the
           whole
           Army
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           being
           come
           out
           of
           their
           Trenches
           ,
           't
           was
           judged
           convenient
           to
           send
           for
           the
           Troops
           that
           were
           on
           the
           other
           side
           of
           the
           River
           ,
           that
           runs
           by
           Senef
           ,
           and
           then
           they
           placed
           the
           three
           Battalions
           that
           before
           were
           posted
           in
           the
           Wood
           ,
           directly
           against
           the
           Bridge
           of
           Senef
           ,
           over
           which
           the
           
           French
           were
           to
           pass
           .
           They
           were
           no
           sooner
           got
           thither
           ,
           but
           the
           French
           attack'd
           'em
           all
           at
           once
           ,
           Horse
           ,
           Foot
           ,
           and
           Dragoons
           .
           Tho
           they
           began
           this
           attack
           with
           wonderful
           vigor
           ,
           yet
           they
           were
           not
           able
           to
           force
           the
           Enemy
           from
           his
           Post
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           draw
           off
           ,
           and
           make
           a
           Bridge
           over
           the
           River
           somewhat
           higher
           .
           Having
           by
           this
           means
           joyn'd
           all
           their
           forces
           together
           ,
           the
           Confederate
           Horse
           ranged
           themselves
           behind
           the
           Infantry
           ,
           but
           so
           that
           they
           might
           come
           upon
           occasion
           to
           their
           relief
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Foot
           fired
           so
           warmly
           upon
           the
           French
           that
           passed
           the
           River
           ,
           that
           abundance
           of
           them
           were
           killed
           ;
           but
           the
           Confederates
           being
           unhappily
           straitned
           for
           want
           of
           ground
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           setting
           upon
           them
           as
           they
           came
           out
           of
           the
           Wood
           ,
           on
           all
           sides
           ,
           their
           Foot
           was
           obliged
           to
           retreat
           ,
           being
           overwhelmed
           by
           the
           excessive
           number
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           reason
           that
           they
           lost
           several
           of
           their
           principal
           Officers
           .
           Young
           Prince
           Maurice
           who
           commanded
           the
           Brigade
           was
           made
           a
           Prisoner
           ,
           with
           several
           Officers
           more
           ,
           and
           Coll.
           Macovits
           was
           killed
           .
        
         
           As
           soon
           as
           the
           Infantry
           of
           the
           Confederates
           was
           retired
           ,
           the
           French
           fell
           with
           great
           vigour
           upon
           the
           Horse
           commanded
           by
           the
           Prince
           
             de
             Vaudemont
          
           ;
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           began
           to
           range
           his
           Army
           in
           form
           of
           battel
           ,
           commanding
           his
           Foot
           to
           march
           secretly
           under
           the
           covert
           of
           the
           Hedges
           and
           Bushes
           .
           The
           Confederate
           Horse
           had
           orders
           to
           charge
           them
           ,
           and
           as
           they
           were
           going
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           
           found
           the
           way
           was
           so
           hollow
           between
           the
           Enemy
           and
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           obliged
           to
           turn
           about
           to
           the
           right
           ,
           and
           joyn
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           lest
           the
           Enemy
           perceiving
           their
           retreat
           ,
           should
           charge
           them
           in
           the
           Flank
           .
           The
           French
           observing
           this
           ,
           turn'd
           to
           the
           left
           ,
           and
           made
           so
           much
           hast
           to
           charge
           this
           body
           of
           Horse
           ,
           that
           Prince
           Vaudemont
           had
           only
           time
           enough
           to
           range
           his
           three
           Battalions
           ,
           to
           endeavour
           to
           make
           head
           against
           the
           Enemy
           .
           This
           first
           onset
           proved
           unlucky
           to
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           for
           the
           three
           Commanders
           in
           chief
           of
           this
           Brigade
           were
           taken
           Prisoners
           ,
           with
           several
           other
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           ,
           as
           the
           Duke
           of
           Holstein
           ,
           the
           Prince
           
             de
             Solmes
          
           ,
           and
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Langerac
          
           ,
           and
           many
           more
           were
           there
           slain
           .
           Whatever
           care
           was
           taken
           to
           make
           these
           four
           Battalions
           rally
           again
           it
           could
           never
           be
           effected
           ,
           for
           away
           they
           ran
           ,
           without
           making
           the
           least
           discharge
           upon
           the
           Enemy
           .
           Prince
           Vaudemont
           gave
           convincing
           proofs
           of
           an
           extraordinary
           valour
           ,
           but
           all
           his
           efforts
           were
           to
           no
           purpose
           .
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           likewise
           discovered
           an
           undaunted
           bravery
           ,
           behaving
           himself
           in
           all
           respects
           like
           an
           Old
           experienced
           General
           ,
           for
           he
           got
           before
           these
           affrighted
           Troops
           with
           his
           Sword
           in
           his
           hand
           ,
           and
           endeavoured
           by
           all
           sorts
           of
           perswasions
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           own
           example
           ,
           to
           encourage
           them
           to
           renew
           the
           fight
           ,
           exposing
           himself
           frequently
           to
           the
           danger
           of
           being
           killed
           ;
           or
           made
           a
           Prisoner
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           not
           able
           to
           stop
           them
           ,
           till
           they
           
           met
           a
           body
           of
           Spanish
           Horse
           posted
           at
           the
           bottom
           of
           a
           little
           Hill
           ,
           between
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           Village
           of
           Fay.
           Another
           Party
           of
           these
           Runaways
           ,
           joyn'd
           themselves
           to
           sixteen
           Battalions
           commanded
           by
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Villa
             Hermosa
          
           ,
           who
           marched
           at
           the
           head
           of
           his
           Troops
           to
           oppose
           the
           French
           who
           pursued
           them
           ,
           and
           did
           every
           thing
           that
           could
           be
           expected
           from
           a
           person
           of
           his
           valour
           and
           conduct
           ,
           in
           the
           miserable
           condition
           that
           things
           were
           then
           in
           .
           The
           rest
           of
           the
           Confederates
           rallied
           togather
           with
           a
           body
           of
           Foot
           ,
           posted
           likewise
           at
           the
           Foot
           of
           the
           same
           Hill.
           
        
         
           On
           the
           other
           side
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           who
           had
           advanced
           so
           far
           in
           pursuing
           the
           fugitives
           ,
           fell
           with
           that
           fury
           upon
           the
           Spanish
           Horse
           ,
           and
           the
           Foot
           whom
           he
           chased
           ,
           that
           the
           Marquis
           
             d'
             Assentar
          
           was
           forced
           to
           send
           for
           four
           other
           Regiments
           from
           the
           Foot
           of
           the
           Hill
           ,
           to
           reinforce
           his
           Cavalry
           .
           Which
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           observing
           ,
           he
           ordered
           five
           or
           six
           Battalions
           to
           advance
           immediately
           ,
           with
           a
           Brigade
           of
           Horse
           ,
           and
           dividing
           his
           Troops
           on
           the
           right
           and
           the
           left
           ,
           he
           charged
           the
           Cavalry
           of
           the
           Confederates
           in
           the
           Front
           ,
           and
           put
           them
           in
           disorder
           .
           The
           Marquess
           did
           all
           he
           could
           ,
           by
           his
           own
           example
           ,
           to
           rally
           his
           men
           ,
           and
           begin
           the
           Battel
           afresh
           ,
           till
           at
           last
           ,
           being
           wounded
           in
           seven
           places
           ,
           he
           was
           killed
           at
           the
           head
           of
           his
           own
           Troops
           .
           The
           Cavalry
           being
           thus
           in
           disorder
           ,
           he
           attempted
           to
           break
           his
           way
           through
           four
           Battalions
           of
           Foot
           that
           were
           come
           to
           their
           relief
           ,
           
           and
           put
           them
           in
           great
           confusion
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           conduct
           of
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Villa
             Hermosa
          
           and
           Prince
           Vaudemont
           ,
           who
           used
           all
           the
           means
           imaginable
           to
           make
           them
           rally
           .
           They
           likewise
           disordered
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Infantry
           that
           were
           posted
           at
           the
           bottom
           of
           the
           Hill
           ,
           altho
           Count
           Waldeck
           did
           his
           best
           to
           stop
           their
           flight
           ;
           but
           seeing
           it
           was
           time
           thrown
           away
           ,
           he
           charged
           the
           victorious
           Enemy
           in
           the
           Flank
           with
           a
           fresh
           body
           of
           Horse
           ,
           that
           had
           joined
           him
           a
           little
           before
           .
           And
           certainly
           there
           was
           all
           the
           reason
           in
           the
           world
           to
           expect
           a
           good
           effect
           of
           this
           onset
           ,
           under
           the
           conduct
           of
           so
           courageous
           and
           experienc'd
           a
           Commander
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           been
           but
           seconded
           :
           but
           as
           he
           was
           overpower'd
           by
           great
           numbers
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           he
           withdrew
           from
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           Action
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           slain
           two
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           who
           had
           particularly
           set
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           after
           he
           had
           rallied
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Troops
           ,
           altho
           he
           was
           all
           over
           bloody
           with
           three
           wounds
           he
           had
           received
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           heat
           of
           this
           Combat
           ,
           some
           Battalions
           of
           the
           Enemy
           had
           made
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           the
           Baggage
           belonging
           to
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           and
           had
           already
           pillaged
           part
           of
           it
           .
           For
           the
           Leaders
           ,
           instead
           of
           fortifying
           and
           barricadoing
           themselves
           with
           their
           Waggons
           ,
           cut
           the
           harness
           of
           the
           Horses
           ,
           and
           fled
           away
           without
           ever
           looking
           behind
           them
           ,
           some
           towards
           Brussels
           ,
           and
           some
           to
           other
           places
           ,
           where
           they
           gave
           out
           that
           all
           was
           lost
           .
           
           It
           must
           be
           confessed
           ,
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           had
           carried
           away
           all
           the
           advantages
           of
           victory
           in
           this
           Fight
           ,
           had
           he
           given
           over
           here
           ,
           but
           his
           natural
           impetuosity
           and
           ambition
           spurr'd
           him
           on
           to
           gain
           all
           or
           nothing
           ,
           which
           in
           the
           end
           proved
           fatal
           to
           him
           .
        
         
           For
           after
           he
           had
           ranged
           his
           
             Guards
             du
             Corps
          
           ,
           Cuirassiers
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Army
           that
           stay'd
           behind
           in
           battel
           array
           ,
           he
           advanced
           towards
           the
           main
           body
           of
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           commanded
           by
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           Prince
           Maurice
           ,
           the
           Rhingrave
           ,
           and
           Major
           General
           Vane
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           General
           Souches
           who
           led
           the
           Vanguard
           ,
           and
           who
           was
           advanced
           some
           hours
           before
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           having
           received
           advice
           of
           what
           had
           passed
           ,
           made
           all
           the
           haste
           he
           could
           to
           joyn
           the
           main
           Body
           :
           which
           he
           did
           at
           one
           a
           Clock
           in
           the
           Afternoon
           :
           By
           which
           time
           his
           Highness
           had
           advantageously
           bestowed
           the
           Imperialists
           ,
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           on
           the
           left
           wing
           ,
           and
           his
           own
           on
           the
           right
           .
           And
           now
           the
           Fight
           was
           renewed
           more
           furiously
           than
           ever
           .
        
         
           The
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburgh
           commanded
           the
           right
           wing
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Nouailles
           the
           left
           :
           for
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             Rochefort
          
           ,
           the
           Chevalier
           
             de
             Tourilles
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Montal
          
           ,
           were
           all
           three
           wounded
           .
           The
           first
           onset
           of
           the
           French
           was
           by
           far
           the
           most
           vehement
           that
           had
           been
           seen
           during
           the
           course
           of
           this
           war.
           Honour
           ,
           Hatred
           ,
           Revenge
           ,
           Hope
           ,
           and
           Despair
           ,
           animated
           the
           courag
           of
           the
           
           two
           Parties
           .
           Hope
           of
           Victory
           ,
           which
           as
           yet
           had
           declared
           her self
           in
           favour
           of
           neither
           side
           ,
           made
           them
           resolve
           to
           vanquish
           or
           dye
           .
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           show'd
           himself
           every
           where
           ,
           sparing
           nothing
           upon
           this
           occasion
           that
           might
           facilitate
           the
           victory
           :
           sometimes
           he
           threw
           himself
           into
           the
           midst
           of
           his
           Enemies
           to
           the
           apparent
           hazard
           of
           his
           life
           ,
           and
           the
           Souldiers
           who
           being
           encouraged
           by
           his
           example
           strove
           to
           out-do
           one
           another
           ,
           sustained
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           Enemy
           with
           a
           bravery
           greater
           than
           could
           be
           expected
           from
           them
           .
           Having
           thus
           frustrated
           the
           hopes
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           he
           endeavoured
           to
           wheel
           about
           to
           the
           left
           .
           But
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Farjaux
          
           Major
           General
           of
           the
           Dutch
           Army
           ,
           being
           sent
           with
           some
           Battalions
           ,
           and
           seconded
           by
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Chavagnac
          
           ,
           (
           who
           commanded
           a
           Squadron
           of
           Imperial
           Horse
           )
           to
           prevent
           this
           design
           ,
           opposed
           the
           French
           with
           so
           much
           gallantry
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           retire
           :
           After
           this
           the
           Count
           sent
           for
           four
           pieces
           of
           Cannon
           ,
           with
           which
           he
           gauled
           the
           Enemy
           so
           advantageously
           ,
           that
           Count
           Souches
           with
           his
           Forlorn
           Hope
           broke
           into
           the
           strongest
           quarter
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           gave
           proofs
           of
           an
           extraordinary
           courage
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           custom
           upon
           such
           occasions
           .
           Nor
           did
           the
           Prince
           of
           Lorrain
           sit
           idle
           ,
           but
           was
           seen
           to
           fight
           several
           times
           at
           the
           head
           of
           the
           first
           ranks
           ,
           altho
           he
           lost
           so
           much
           blood
           ,
           that
           at
           last
           he
           was
           obliged
           to
           withdraw
           from
           the
           battel
           .
           Prince
           Pio
           who
           lay
           with
           his
           Brigade
           
           near
           Senef
           ,
           accompanied
           by
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             Grana
          
           ,
           and
           Count
           Staremberg
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           signalized
           himself
           by
           a
           Thousand
           noble
           actions
           ,
           was
           wounded
           in
           the
           thigh
           by
           a
           Musquet-shot
           .
           The
           Marquess
           
             de
             Grana
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Sons
           of
           Count
           Souches
           behaved
           themselves
           so
           valiantly
           at
           the
           head
           of
           their
           Squadrons
           ,
           that
           the
           
             French
             Swissers
          
           were
           not
           able
           to
           gain
           one
           inch
           of
           ground
           upon
           them
           ,
           which
           did
           not
           a
           little
           contribute
           to
           the
           gaining
           of
           the
           battel
           for
           the
           Confederates
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           charged
           the
           right
           wing
           of
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           with
           his
           Cuirassiers
           ,
           and
           the
           King's
           Houshold
           ,
           but
           without
           effect
           :
           only
           about
           seven
           in
           the
           afternoon
           he
           broke
           two
           Battalions
           that
           were
           posted
           in
           a
           meadow
           at
           a
           small
           distance
           from
           thence
           .
           But
           Prince
           Maurice
           here
           performed
           a
           signal
           piece
           of
           service
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           in
           stopping
           the
           Career
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           preventing
           the
           great
           disorder
           on
           that
           side
           with
           no
           less
           conduct
           than
           courage
           .
           The
           Rhingrave
           behaved
           himself
           with
           great
           bravery
           ,
           and
           we
           may
           truly
           say
           ,
           that
           his
           valor
           and
           prudence
           did
           not
           inconsiderably
           promote
           the
           good
           success
           of
           this
           battel
           .
           He
           was
           nevertheless
           constrained
           to
           leave
           the
           field
           by
           reason
           of
           a
           wound
           he
           had
           received
           .
           Major
           General
           Vane
           ,
           and
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Villaumdire
          
           after
           having
           given
           remarkable
           testimonies
           of
           their
           valour
           ,
           were
           mortally
           wounded
           ,
           and
           died
           of
           their
           wounds
           .
        
         
         
           The
           two
           Armies
           fought
           in
           this
           manner
           till
           night
           with
           unexpressible
           fury
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           tho
           the
           ground
           was
           covered
           with
           the
           dead
           and
           wounded
           ;
           while
           the
           Combatants
           covered
           with
           blood
           and
           sweat
           encouraged
           one
           another
           by
           so
           terrible
           a
           spectacle
           .
           One
           might
           have
           seen
           whole
           Battalions
           of
           one
           and
           t'other
           side
           sometimes
           give
           ground
           ,
           and
           then
           immediately
           rally
           by
           the
           good
           conduct
           of
           their
           respective
           Commanders
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           chief
           ,
           who
           was
           all
           along
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           battle
           ,
           encouraging
           his
           men
           by
           his
           own
           example
           .
           He
           had
           near
           him
           the
           young
           Prince
           of
           Frizeland
           ,
           who
           was
           not
           above
           twenty
           years
           old
           ,
           and
           always
           engaged
           where
           the
           Enemies
           stood
           thickest
           ,
           and
           doing
           all
           that
           could
           be
           expected
           from
           so
           valiant
           and
           generous
           a
           Prince
           .
        
         
           Thus
           the
           first
           heat
           and
           fire
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           which
           threatned
           to
           devour
           every
           thing
           that
           stood
           in
           its
           way
           ,
           began
           to
           slacken
           about
           ten
           at
           night
           .
           The
           Infantry
           ,
           great
           part
           of
           which
           they
           lost
           ,
           kept
           off
           at
           some
           distance
           ,
           in
           spight
           of
           all
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           could
           do
           to
           bring
           them
           back
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Prince
           fearing
           a
           greater
           misfortune
           ,
           ordered
           his
           Horse
           to
           retreat
           ,
           leaving
           but
           a
           few
           Squadrons
           behind
           to
           favor
           their
           retreat
           ,
           and
           these
           he
           commanded
           to
           move
           off
           as
           soon
           as
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Army
           was
           safe
           ;
           leaving
           the
           Victory
           and
           the
           Field
           of
           battle
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           two
           hours
           after
           the
           retreat
           of
           the
           French
           made
           his
           
           Army
           draw
           off
           ,
           and
           put
           them
           into
           Winter
           Quarters
           .
           Nevertheless
           he
           left
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Farjaux
          
           all
           night
           in
           the
           Field
           to
           observe
           the
           motion
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           who
           tho
           they
           could
           not
           well
           digest
           the
           rude
           treatment
           they
           received
           the
           day
           before
           ,
           durst
           attempt
           nothing
           :
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           having
           only
           left
           some
           Dragoons
           in
           his
           old
           Quarters
           ,
           and
           got
           above
           three
           hours
           march
           before
           ,
           lest
           the
           Confederates
           should
           pursue
           him
           .
        
         
           This
           was
           the
           issue
           of
           this
           bloody
           battel
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Confederates
           were
           beat
           at
           first
           ,
           altho
           they
           got
           the
           victory
           at
           last
           .
           For
           on
           the
           Enemies
           side
           there
           were
           seven
           thousand
           men
           killed
           upon
           the
           spot
           ,
           without
           reckoning
           the
           wounded
           ,
           whom
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           left
           in
           the
           neighbouring
           villages
           ,
           to
           the
           number
           of
           more
           than
           fifteen
           hundred
           On
           the
           side
           of
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           the
           whole
           list
           of
           those
           that
           were
           slain
           ,
           wounded
           ,
           made
           Prisoners
           and
           deserted
           ,
           did
           not
           amount
           in
           all
           to
           above
           six
           Thousand
           five
           Hundred
           ,
           besides
           that
           abundance
           of
           their
           men
           after
           they
           had
           been
           dispersed
           on
           one
           side
           and
           t'other
           in
           the
           hurry
           of
           the
           Engagement
           returned
           to
           their
           Colours
           .
           'T
           is
           commonly
           reported
           that
           a
           Letter
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           to
           the
           King
           of
           France
           was
           intercepted
           ,
           wherein
           he
           acquaints
           him
           ,
           that
           after
           he
           had
           made
           a
           general
           review
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           he
           found
           it
           in
           a
           very
           deplorable
           condition
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           lost
           the
           flower
           of
           his
           Infantry
           ,
           and
           the
           better
           part
           of
           his
           Horse
           ,
           and
           in
           fine
           did
           not
           look
           upon
           himself
           to
           be
           
           strong
           enough
           to
           hazard
           a
           second
           battel
           .
           In
           effect
           ,
           besides
           three
           Regiments
           ,
           Seven
           Hundred
           Swissers
           of
           the
           Guards
           ,
           and
           the
           Swiss
           Regiment
           of
           Molandin
           were
           intirely
           defeated
           .
           An
           infinite
           number
           of
           Officers
           of
           note
           were
           slain
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           were
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             Chanvalon
             ,
             de
             Clemerant
             ,
             de
             Bourbon
             ,
          
           and
           
             d'
             Iliers
          
           ;
           three
           Counts
           ,
           two
           Cornets
           of
           the
           King's
           Guards
           ,
           more
           than
           Forty
           Officers
           of
           the
           Guards
           
             du
             Corps
          
           ,
           Forty
           three
           Officers
           of
           the
           King's
           Regiment
           ,
           Fourscore
           Officers
           of
           the
           Queen's
           Guards
           ,
           Nine
           Collonels
           ,
           Eight
           Lieutenant
           Collonels
           and
           Majors
           ,
           and
           a
           Hundred
           and
           Sixty
           five
           Captains
           ,
           without
           reckoning
           the
           subaltern
           Officers
           .
           So
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           did
           not
           without
           reason
           complain
           that
           he
           had
           lost
           abundance
           of
           brave
           Officers
           in
           this
           bloody
           dispute
           ;
           and
           a
           certain
           truth
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           if
           he
           had
           not
           had
           the
           advantage
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Fight
           his
           Army
           had
           been
           entirely
           defeated
           .
           Amongst
           several
           other
           Standards
           a
           white
           one
           was
           carried
           to
           Brussels
           ,
           and
           hung
           up
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           solemnity
           in
           the
           Church
           belonging
           to
           the
           Carmelites
           .
           This
           Standard
           was
           embroider'd
           with
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           ,
           bearing
           a
           Sun
           in
           the
           Zodiac
           with
           these
           proud
           words
           :
           
             Nihil
             obstabit
             eunti
             ,
             Nothing
             shall
             stop
             my
             Course
             .
          
        
         
           The
           day
           after
           the
           battel
           his
           Highness
           marched
           with
           the
           whole
           Army
           by
           the
           way
           of
           Mons
           ,
           and
           put
           them
           in
           quarters
           at
           
             S.
             Guillain
          
           ,
           where
           he
           received
           five
           Regiments
           of
           new
           Recruits
           :
           and
           the
           Imperialists
           retired
           
           to
           Queverain
           ,
           where
           they
           stayed
           without
           doing
           any
           considerable
           action
           ,
           till
           the
           eleventh
           or
           twelfth
           of
           September
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           General
           Rabenhaupt
           undertook
           the
           Siege
           of
           Grave
           ,
           which
           was
           one
           of
           the
           most
           memorable
           Sieges
           that
           had
           happened
           for
           a
           long
           time
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           the
           scituation
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           Garrison
           ,
           the
           great
           abundance
           of
           Ammunition
           and
           Provisions
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           furious
           attacks
           and
           assaults
           of
           the
           Besiegers
           ,
           and
           the
           vigorous
           resistance
           of
           the
           Besieged
           .
           And
           that
           which
           renders
           it
           still
           more
           famous
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           it
           could
           never
           be
           ended
           till
           the
           arrival
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           soon
           determined
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Garrison
           consisted
           of
           Fourscore
           and
           eleven
           Companies
           of
           Foot
           ,
           who
           made
           in
           all
           four
           Thousand
           men
           ,
           and
           of
           Nine
           Troops
           of
           Horse
           .
           The
           Sieur
           
             de
             S.
             Louis
          
           ,
           an
           old
           experienced
           Captain
           commanded
           the
           Cavalry
           ,
           and
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             Chamilly
          
           ,
           a
           valiant
           and
           expert
           Commander
           was
           Governor
           of
           the
           Town
           ;
           where
           were
           four
           Hundred
           and
           fifty
           pieces
           of
           Cannon
           ,
           a
           Hundred
           of
           which
           were
           mounted
           upon
           the
           Ramparts
           ,
           besides
           an
           infinite
           quantity
           of
           Powder
           ,
           Corn
           ,
           Granadoes
           ,
           and
           all
           sorts
           of
           Provisions
           ;
           for
           here
           the
           French
           had
           laid
           up
           all
           that
           they
           carried
           away
           from
           those
           places
           they
           first
           conquered
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           abandoned
        
         
           General
           Rabenhaupt
           laid
           Siege
           to
           this
           place
           ,
           which
           extremely
           incommoded
           all
           the
           Neighborhood
           ,
           with
           Twenty
           Regiments
           of
           Foot
           ,
           
           and
           some
           Horse
           ,
           which
           were
           soon
           after
           reinforced
           with
           two
           Regiments
           of
           Foot
           ,
           and
           two
           Hundred
           Horse
           ,
           commanded
           by
           Don
           
             Iohn
             de
             Pimentel
          
           ,
           and
           a
           Regiment
           of
           Foot
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Courland
           ,
           and
           two
           Regiments
           of
           Horse
           of
           the
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburg
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           General
           Spaen
           .
           Coll.
           Hundebeck
           posted
           himself
           behind
           the
           great
           Dike
           on
           that
           side
           which
           lay
           nighest
           the
           Velp
           ;
           Coll.
           Golstein
           on
           the
           side
           towards
           Overyssel
           .
           The
           Brandenburg
           Cavalry
           posted
           themselves
           higher
           towards
           the
           Est
           ,
           to
           hinder
           any
           relief
           from
           coming
           into
           the
           Town
           .
           And
           the
           General
           himself
           approached
           near
           the
           Castle
           
             de
             Vegesak
          
           .
           The
           place
           being
           thus
           environ'd
           on
           all
           sides
           ,
           the
           Siege
           was
           pushed
           forward
           with
           as
           much
           violence
           on
           the
           side
           of
           the
           Besiegers
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           vigorously
           defended
           by
           the
           Besieged
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           his
           Highness
           and
           the
           Imperialists
           that
           were
           quarter'd
           upon
           the
           Frontiers
           of
           Henault
           ,
           having
           recovered
           the
           disorder
           of
           the
           last
           battel
           ,
           were
           thinking
           how
           to
           perform
           some
           remarkable
           action
           .
           Upon
           this
           consideration
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           the
           Grand
           Convoy
           was
           arrived
           from
           Brussels
           with
           the
           Spanish
           Army
           ,
           consisting
           of
           eight
           Thousand
           Foot
           ,
           without
           reckoning
           the
           Horse
           and
           Dragoons
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           decamped
           with
           the
           whole
           Army
           on
           the
           12th
           of
           September
           ,
           and
           passed
           the
           River
           Hayne
           near
           Tournay
           and
           Aeth
           ,
           and
           marched
           from
           thence
           to
           Oudenarde
           .
           In
           the
           interim
           two
           Regiments
           of
           Foot
           ,
           and
           
           two
           Thousand
           five
           Hundred
           Horse
           near
           Ghent
           ,
           were
           sent
           to
           break
           the
           Bridges
           of
           Deinse
           and
           Harlebike
           upon
           the
           River
           Ley
           ,
           with
           orders
           after
           that
           to
           rejoyn
           the
           Army
           .
           That
           Evening
           the
           same
           Regiments
           brought
           abundance
           of
           Barges
           laden
           with
           all
           sorts
           of
           Ammunition
           and
           Provisions
           ,
           and
           five
           Hundred
           Pioneers
           ,
           who
           were
           ordered
           to
           advance
           by
           the
           way
           of
           Oudenarde
           ,
           and
           were
           followed
           by
           a
           body
           of
           two
           Thousand
           five
           Hundred
           Horse
           ,
           that
           posted
           themselves
           that
           evening
           before
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           shut
           up
           all
           the
           passages
           leading
           to
           the
           Garrison
           on
           that
           side
           .
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Souches
          
           arrived
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           and
           took
           each
           of
           them
           their
           quarters
           ,
           the
           Prince
           in
           the
           Abby
           of
           Ename
           ,
           and
           the
           Count
           on
           the
           other
           side
           the
           River
           at
           Leupegem
           and
           Elare
           :
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           c●…mmanded
           by
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Villa
             Hermosa
          
           ,
           posted
           themselves
           at
           Beverem
           and
           Moregem
           .
           There
           were
           in
           the
           Town
           four
           Hundred
           Germans
           ,
           six
           Thousand
           Swissers
           ,
           a
           Thousand
           French
           ,
           and
           four
           Hundred
           Horse
           commanded
           by
           the
           Sieur
           
             de
             Rosquaire
          
           .
           The
           Confederates
           having
           finished
           all
           their
           Works
           ,
           made
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           the
           Counterscarp
           ,
           when
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           having
           decamped
           from
           before
           Beaumont
           ,
           began
           to
           approach
           with
           his
           whole
           Army
           ,
           which
           consisted
           of
           forty
           Thousand
           men
           ,
           and
           resolved
           to
           give
           battel
           to
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           in
           case
           he
           could
           not
           otherwise
           relieve
           the
           place
           .
           It
           was
           therefore
           his
           Highness's
           advice
           to
           get
           all
           things
           in
           readiness
           ,
           
           and
           meet
           the
           Enemy
           that
           was
           fatigued
           and
           spent
           with
           so
           tedious
           a
           March.
           But
           this
           resolution
           had
           no
           effect
           ,
           because
           Count
           Souches
           was
           not
           to
           be
           found
           all
           that
           day
           ,
           and
           thus
           the
           Army
           was
           constrained
           to
           keep
           within
           their
           Trenches
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           French
           still
           advanced
           on
           that
           side
           where
           the
           Imperialists
           lay
           posted
           ,
           but
           Count
           Souches
           ,
           instead
           of
           ranging
           his
           men
           in
           Battel
           ,
           quitted
           his
           post
           ,
           and
           passed
           the
           River
           in
           so
           much
           haste
           that
           he
           left
           some
           pieces
           of
           Cannon
           behind
           him
           ,
           which
           his
           Highness
           had
           sent
           him
           ,
           and
           cou'd
           not
           be
           recover'd
           without
           extream
           danger
           .
           By
           this
           means
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           having
           an
           open
           passage
           ,
           entred
           the
           Town
           with
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           he
           had
           certainly
           gained
           that
           Advantage
           as
           to
           cut
           off
           all
           mann●…
           of
           Communication
           between
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           had
           it
           not
           been
           for
           a
           great
           Fog
           that
           arose
           on
           the
           sudden
           ,
           and
           prevented
           his
           design
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           considering
           the
           present
           state
           of
           his
           affairs
           ,
           was
           of
           opinion
           that
           it
           was
           the
           best
           way
           to
           draw
           off
           ;
           and
           so
           followed
           after
           the
           Imperialists
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           whom
           he
           joyn'd
           within
           a
           league
           of
           Oudenard
           ,
           but
           finding
           that
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           great
           opiniatrete
           of
           the
           former
           ,
           he
           should
           be
           able
           to
           effect
           nothing
           here
           ,
           he
           was
           resolved
           to
           return
           the
           same
           way
           to
           Grave
           ,
           where
           his
           presence
           was
           so
           necessary
           to
           carry
           on
           the
           Siege
           ,
           leaving
           Count
           Waldeck
           to
           command
           the
           Army
           in
           his
           absence
           .
           The
           Prince
           arrived
           
           befor
           this
           place
           on
           the
           ninth
           of
           October
           with
           sixty
           Troops
           of
           Horse
           ,
           and
           tho
           the
           Besieged
           ,
           who
           were
           now
           reduced
           to
           great
           extremities
           ,
           defended
           themselves
           with
           great
           vigour
           and
           resolution
           till
           the
           25th
           of
           the
           same
           month
           ,
           yet
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             Chamilly
          
           seeing
           it
           was
           impossible
           to
           hold
           out
           against
           a
           general
           assault
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           great
           breaches
           in
           the
           works
           ,
           demanded
           a
           cessation
           of
           Arms
           for
           three
           or
           four
           hours
           ,
           and
           after
           Hostages
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           the
           City
           surrendred
           on
           very
           honourable
           conditions
           ;
           and
           thus
           ended
           this
           Campaign
           .
        
         
           The
           year
           1675
           began
           with
           the
           Addresses
           of
           the
           Burghers
           ,
           wherein
           they
           thanked
           his
           Highness
           for
           the
           mighty
           services
           he
           had
           done
           them
           ,
           in
           delivering
           them
           from
           the
           calamities
           and
           miseries
           they
           had
           suffered
           under
           the
           tyranny
           of
           a
           foreign
           Enemy
           .
           In
           consideration
           of
           which
           they
           offer'd
           him
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Gueldres
           ,
           and
           Earldom
           of
           Zutphen
           ,
           with
           the
           Titles
           of
           Duke
           of
           Gueldres
           ,
           and
           Count
           of
           Zutphen
           .
           But
           the
           Prince
           reflecting
           with
           himself
           ,
           that
           the
           accepting
           of
           this
           offer
           would
           give
           matter
           of
           jealousy
           to
           some
           persons
           ,
           and
           give
           others
           occasion
           to
           infer
           that
           he
           only
           aimed
           at
           his
           own
           Grandeur
           in
           this
           war
           :
           to
           convince
           the
           world
           of
           the
           sincerity
           of
           his
           intentions
           ,
           he
           judged
           it
           the
           best
           way
           to
           refuse
           these
           Honours
           ,
           but
           at
           the
           same
           time
           did
           not
           refuse
           the
           offer
           they
           made
           him
           of
           being
           hereditary
           Governour
           of
           that
           Province
           .
           This
           he
           readily
           accepted
           ,
           and
           
           after
           he
           had
           taken
           the
           Oaths
           ,
           reformed
           several
           abuses
           that
           had
           got
           footing
           during
           the
           Enemy's
           usurpation
           there
           .
           And
           now
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           continual
           alarms
           the
           People
           were
           in
           ,
           upon
           the
           occasion
           of
           the
           French
           King's
           resolutions
           ,
           who
           was
           to
           open
           the
           Campaign
           himself
           in
           Person
           ,
           in
           the
           beginning●…
           of
           the
           Spring
           ,
           he
           continually
           applied
           his
           thoughts
           upon
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           end
           always
           assisted
           at
           those
           Conferences
           ,
           where
           they
           debated
           upon
           their
           military
           affairs
           .
           He
           was
           at
           Cleve
           to
           confer
           with
           the
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburgh
           ,
           who
           entertained
           him
           with
           great
           magnificence
           ;
           and
           soon
           after
           his
           arrival
           at
           the
           Hague
           ,
           fell
           ill
           of
           the
           Small-pox
           ,
           which
           news
           caused
           so
           much
           the
           greater
           consternain
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           because
           that
           disease
           had
           been
           fatal
           to
           his
           Family
           ,
           in
           the
           Person
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           his
           Mother
           ,
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Glocester
           ;
           but
           by
           the
           care
           and
           prudence
           of
           an
           able
           Physician
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           assistance
           of
           some
           remedies
           which
           the
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburgh
           sent
           him
           ,
           he
           recovered
           his
           health
           ,
           to
           the
           universal
           joy
           not
           only
           of
           Holland
           ,
           but
           all
           the
           Confederates
           .
        
         
           No
           sooner
           was
           he
           perfectly
           recovered
           ,
           but
           he
           repaired
           to
           the
           general
           rendezvous
           at
           Rosendael
           ;
           for
           the
           King
           of
           France
           being
           now
           upon
           his
           march
           in
           Brabant
           ,
           it
           was
           necessary
           for
           the
           Prince
           to
           observe
           his
           motions
           ;
           and
           so
           much
           the
           more
           ,
           because
           Limburg
           ,
           which
           was
           besieged
           by
           the
           Marquis
           
             de
             Rochefort
          
           ,
           demanded
           a
           speedy
           relief
           .
           For
           this
           reason
           ,
           
           his
           Highness
           parting
           with
           his
           Army
           from
           Duffel
           ,
           joyn'd
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Lunenburg
           and
           Lorrain
           at
           Gangelt
           ,
           with
           a
           resolution
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           .
           And
           in
           all
           probability
           it
           had
           come
           to
           a
           Battel
           between
           the
           French
           King
           and
           the
           Prince
           ,
           since
           the
           King
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           at
           Maestricht
           ,
           having
           received
           advice
           of
           the
           Prince's
           march
           ,
           had
           repassed
           the
           Meuse
           at
           Viset
           ,
           to
           oppose
           his
           design
           ,
           but
           the
           City
           not
           being
           any
           longer
           able
           to
           sustain
           the
           great
           numbers
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           surrendred
           sooner
           than
           was
           expected
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           taking
           of
           Limbug
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           France
           encamped
           near
           Tillemont
           ,
           ravaging
           all
           the
           Country
           round
           about
           
             Louvain
             ,
             Brussels
          
           ,
           and
           Malines
           .
           He
           had
           a
           mighty
           desire
           to
           make
           himself
           master
           of
           Louvain
           ,
           but
           his
           Highness
           and
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Villa
             Hermosa
          
           watched
           him
           all
           along
           so
           narrowly
           ,
           that
           he
           durst
           not
           undertake
           it
           ;
           so
           that
           finding
           he
           was
           able
           to
           do
           no
           more
           ,
           content
           with
           having
           gained
           Limburg
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           Paris
           ,
           leaving
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           to
           observe
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           say
           the
           truth
           ,
           both
           these
           wary
           Generals
           watched
           one
           another
           so
           carefully
           ,
           that
           they
           cou'd
           not
           gain
           the
           least
           advantage
           one
           over
           the
           other
           .
           But
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           was
           soon
           commanded
           to
           go
           into
           Alsatia
           ,
           after
           the
           death
           of
           the
           Mareschal
           
             de
             Turenne
          
           .
           Our
           Prince
           therefore
           had
           now
           to
           do
           with
           a
           new
           General
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburgh
           ,
           but
           who
           in
           prudence
           and
           conduct
           was
           by
           no
           
           means
           inferiour
           to
           his
           great
           Predecessor
           .
           His
           Highness
           had
           nevertheless
           this
           advantage
           over
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           hindred
           him
           from
           ravaging
           the
           territory
           of
           Triers
           ;
           so
           that
           after
           the
           fatal
           and
           entire
           routing
           of
           Monsieur
           
             de
             Crequi
          
           ,
           that
           City
           fell
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           
             Imperialists
             .
             France
          
           having
           thus
           sustained
           two
           mighty
           losses
           ,
           in
           the
           death
           of
           Turenne
           ,
           and
           the
           Defeat
           of
           Crequi
           ,
           the
           D.
           of
           Luxemburg
           ,
           rather
           than
           run
           the
           hazard
           of
           receiving
           a
           third
           ,
           which
           perhaps
           might
           have
           proved
           mortal
           ,
           suffer'd
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           to
           take
           Bins
           before
           his
           face
           ,
           when
           there
           were
           350
           men
           in
           Garrison
           ,
           and
           great
           store
           of
           Provisions
           .
           His
           Highness
           ordered
           all
           its
           Fortifications
           to
           be
           demolished
           ,
           to
           render
           it
           unserviceable
           to
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           finding
           the
           season
           now
           well
           advanced
           ,
           dispersed
           his
           Army
           and
           came
           back
           to
           the
           Hague
           .
        
         
           The
           calamities
           of
           war
           ,
           which
           had
           for
           some
           years
           afflicted
           and
           depopulated
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           Europe
           ,
           were
           so
           extremely
           great
           and
           deplorable
           ,
           that
           several
           Princes
           moved
           with
           compassion
           ,
           did
           deliberate
           of
           the
           most
           proper
           means
           to
           stop
           the
           progress
           of
           those
           miseries
           ,
           under
           which
           the
           people
           languished
           .
           Tho
           this
           design
           was
           so
           highly
           advantageous
           to
           Christendom
           in
           general
           ,
           yet
           it
           did
           but
           slowly
           advance
           ,
           till
           at
           last
           the
           K.
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           having
           concluded
           a
           peace
           with
           Holland
           ,
           resolved
           to
           offer
           his
           Mediatorship
           to
           procure
           an
           universal
           peace
           amongst
           all
           the
           Christian
           Princes
           ,
           which
           having
           at
           
           last
           been
           submitted
           to
           ,
           the
           City
           of
           Nimeguen
           was
           chosen
           for
           the
           place
           of
           Treaty
           ,
           where
           all
           the
           Plenipotentiaries
           met
           towards
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           year
           1676.
           
        
         
           This
           hindred
           neither
           party
           from
           making
           as
           mighty
           preparations
           to
           renew
           the
           War
           in
           the
           Spring
           ,
           as
           if
           there
           were
           not
           the
           least
           thoughts
           of
           a
           Peace
           :
           So
           that
           during
           the
           winter
           his
           Highness
           was
           sufficiently
           employed
           to
           get
           his
           Army
           ready
           against
           the
           opening
           of
           the
           Campaign
           ,
           for
           it
           was
           an
           easy
           matter
           to
           foresee
           that
           there
           would
           be
           occasion
           for
           very
           considerable
           forces
           to
           oppose
           the
           common
           Enemy
           as
           soon
           as
           the
           season
           was
           approached
           .
           The
           French
           on
           their
           part
           began
           before
           the
           midst
           of
           April
           to
           make
           a
           review
           of
           several
           of
           their
           Troops
           under
           Mareschal
           
             de
             Crequi
          
           ,
           near
           Charleville
           :
           and
           Mareschal
           
             d'
             Humieres
          
           was
           in
           the
           Field
           with
           a
           body
           of
           fifteen
           Thousand
           men
           ,
           near
           Courtray
           ,
           putting
           all
           the
           Country
           to
           contribution
           ,
           because
           the
           Spaniards
           were
           not
           strong
           enough
           to
           resist
           them
           .
        
         
           Before
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           could
           come
           and
           join
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Villa
             Hermosa
          
           ,
           which
           he
           did
           at
           Cambron
           ,
           on
           the
           26th
           of
           April
           ,
           the
           Mareschal
           
             de
             Crequi
          
           had
           blocked
           up
           Conde
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           sixteen
           Thousand
           men
           .
           Upon
           the
           receit
           of
           this
           news
           the
           King
           of
           France
           parted
           immediately
           from
           Paris
           ,
           and
           was
           soon
           after
           followed
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Orleance
           ,
           who
           brought
           with
           him
           a
           reinforcement
           of
           ten
           Thousand
           men
           .
           The
           place
           was
           
           so
           furiously
           attack'd
           and
           batter'd
           on
           all
           sides
           ,
           that
           unable
           to
           hold
           out
           any
           longer
           ,
           they
           were
           constrained
           to
           surrender
           at
           discretion
           ,
           altho
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           advanced
           as
           far
           as
           Granville
           to
           relieve
           it
           .
           The
           King
           of
           France
           having
           given
           orders
           to
           repair
           the
           Fortifications
           of
           Conde
           ,
           and
           to
           place
           a
           Garrison
           of
           3000
           men
           in
           the
           Town
           ,
           commanded
           the
           Duke
           of
           Orleance
           to
           besiege
           Buchain
           .
           This
           was
           a
           small
           Town
           ,
           but
           exceeding
           strong
           ,
           scituate
           between
           Cambray
           and
           Valenciennes
           ,
           and
           defended
           the
           communication
           between
           those
           two
           places
           ;
           for
           this
           reason
           it
           had
           a
           good
           Garrison
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           a
           Governor
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           reputation
           of
           a
           brave
           and
           prudent
           Captain
           .
           But
           the
           Duke
           with
           such
           an
           Army
           did
           not
           find
           the
           Siege
           to
           be
           a
           work
           of
           great
           difficulty
           ,
           and
           so
           much
           the
           less
           ,
           because
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           who
           commanded
           the
           Army
           in
           person
           ,
           was
           not
           far
           from
           him
           ;
           and
           all
           this
           while
           kept
           the
           Dutch
           and
           Spanish
           Army
           in
           breath
           .
           The
           Prince
           who
           was
           now
           encamped
           in
           view
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           near
           Valenciennes
           ,
           and
           was
           resolved
           to
           attack
           him
           the
           day
           following
           in
           case
           Bouchain
           had
           not
           been
           taken
           ,
           would
           not
           quit
           his
           Post
           till
           the
           French
           King
           had
           decamped
           first
           ,
           and
           having
           sent
           a
           considerable
           number
           of
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           to
           seize
           all
           the
           passes
           and
           bridges
           upon
           the
           River
           Dender
           ;
           hinder'd
           him
           from
           ravaging
           the
           Country
           of
           Alost
           .
           About
           the
           beginning
           of
           Iune
           the
           King
           returned
           to
           Paris
           ,
           and
           gave
           the
           command
           
           of
           his
           Army
           in
           the
           
             Spanish
             Netherlands
          
           to
           Mareschal
           
             de
             Schomberg
          
           ;
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           encamped
           before
           Maestricht
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           the
           Mareschal
           to
           make
           a
           powerful
           diversion
           ,
           sent
           Humieres
           with
           15000
           men
           to
           besiege
           Air
           ,
           a
           place
           of
           prodigious
           strength
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           encompassed
           with
           a
           deep
           Morass
           ,
           and
           excellent
           Fortifications
           on
           three
           sides
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           can
           be
           entred
           only
           at
           one
           way
           ,
           which
           was
           defended
           by
           a
           Fort
           called
           St.
           Francis
           ,
           having
           five
           Bastions
           ,
           two
           Half-Moons
           and
           a
           very
           deep
           Ditch
           .
           Nevertheless
           all
           this
           did
           not
           hi●…der
           him
           from
           making
           himself
           soon
           Master
           of
           the
           Fort
           ,
           the
           Governour
           not
           having
           men
           enough
           to
           oppose
           the
           great
           numbers
           of
           the
           French
           :
           who
           threw
           such
           a
           prodigious
           quantity
           of
           Bombs
           and
           Granadoes
           into
           the
           place
           ,
           that
           most
           of
           the
           houses
           were
           afire
           .
           So
           that
           the
           Burghers
           having
           without
           the
           Governours
           privity
           demanded
           to
           capitulate
           ,
           he
           was
           obliged
           to
           surrender
           the
           Town
           ,
           which
           nevertheless
           he
           did
           on
           very
           honourable
           conditions
           ,
           that
           were
           easily
           agreed
           to
           by
           the
           French
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           informed
           that
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Villa
             Hermosa
          
           was
           on
           his
           way
           to
           attempt
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           .
        
         
           All
           this
           while
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           never
           stirr'd
           from
           before
           Maestricht
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           invested
           with
           his
           own
           Army
           ,
           and
           the
           Troops
           of
           the
           Confederates
           ,
           to
           each
           of
           whom
           he
           assigned
           their
           proper
           quarter
           .
           Amongst
           the
           rest
           of
           these
           Troops
           ,
           the
           English
           ,
           under
           Col.
           
           F●…wick
           Col.
           Widdrington
           ,
           and
           Col.
           Ashley
           ,
           to
           the
           number
           of
           two
           thousand
           six
           hundred
           then
           ,
           without
           reckoning
           the
           Volunteers
           and
           Reformades
           ,
           presented
           a
           Request
           to
           his
           Highness
           ,
           wherein
           they
           petition'd
           him
           to
           assign
           them
           a
           particular
           quarter
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           might
           be
           commanded
           separately
           ,
           that
           so
           if
           they
           behaved
           themselves
           like
           valiant
           men
           ,
           they
           might
           have
           all
           the
           honour
           ,
           and
           if
           otherwise
           ,
           all
           the
           shame
           to
           themselves
           ,
           it
           not
           being
           reasonable
           that
           they
           should
           suffer
           for
           the
           faults
           of
           other
           men
           .
           This
           the
           Prince
           readily
           granted
           ,
           and
           gave
           them
           a
           separate
           post
           ,
           over
           against
           his
           own
           Regiment
           of
           Guards
           ,
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           Col.
           Fenwick
           ,
           the
           eldest
           Collonel
           of
           the
           three
           ;
           and
           they
           were
           as
           good
           as
           their
           word
           ,
           as
           they
           really
           made
           it
           appear
           by
           their
           desperate
           attacques
           ,
           where
           they
           signalized
           themselves
           by
           their
           extraordinary
           valour
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           the
           Siege
           lasted
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           truth
           never
           was
           Siege
           carried
           on
           with
           greater
           vigour
           and
           resolution
           than
           this
           was
           ;
           the
           Prince
           continually
           encouraging
           the
           Souldiers
           with
           his
           presence
           ,
           till
           he
           received
           a
           slight
           hurt
           in
           his
           arm
           by
           a
           Musquet-shot
           ;
           but
           two
           things
           hindered
           them
           from
           taking
           the
           Town
           which
           might
           otherwise
           have
           fallen
           into
           their
           hands
           .
           First
           ,
           the
           River
           was
           so
           low
           that
           the
           Prince
           was
           forced
           to
           stay
           some
           days
           till
           his
           Cannon
           came
           from
           Ruremond
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           water
           .
           In
           the
           second
           place
           ,
           the
           forces
           he
           expected
           from
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Munster
           and
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Lunenburg
           
           came
           not
           to
           his
           relief
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           Schomberg
           having
           received
           express
           orders
           to
           succour
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           purpose
           having
           marched
           as
           far
           as
           Tongres
           ,
           his
           Highness
           summoned
           a
           Council
           of
           War
           to
           consider
           what
           was
           to
           be
           done
           in
           this
           conjuncture
           ;
           where
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           reflected
           upon
           the
           present
           condition
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           which
           was
           extremely
           lessen'd
           and
           fatigued
           ,
           and
           found
           it
           was
           impossible
           to
           shut
           up
           the
           passes
           and
           avenues
           to
           the
           City
           on
           the
           side
           of
           Wick
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           French
           would
           infallibly
           throw
           some
           relief
           into
           it
           ,
           notwithstanding
           all
           their
           endeavours
           to
           the
           contrary
           :
           In
           short
           ,
           after
           they
           saw
           their
           Horse
           cou'd
           not
           subsist
           any
           longer
           in
           the
           Trenches
           for
           want
           of
           forrage
           ,
           it
           was
           unanimously
           resolved
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           .
           So
           the
           Prince
           commanded
           the
           Horse
           to
           join
           Count
           Waldeck
           ,
           and
           sent
           the
           Artillery
           ,
           Ammunition
           and
           Provisions
           ,
           with
           the
           sick
           and
           wounded
           to
           Ruremond
           by
           water
           ,
           keeping
           his
           Foot
           in
           a
           posture
           of
           fighting
           till
           the
           Vessels
           were
           out
           of
           all
           danger
           .
           Soon
           after
           this
           ,
           judging
           the
           Campaign
           was
           ended
           for
           this
           year
           ,
           he
           left
           his
           Army
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           Count
           Waldeck
           ,
           and
           returned
           to
           Holland
           to
           assist
           at
           the
           General
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States
           .
           He
           gave
           them
           an
           account
           of
           the
           last
           expedition
           ,
           which
           so
           highly
           satisfied
           them
           that
           the
           President
           congratulated
           him
           upon
           the
           score
           of
           his
           happy
           return
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           name
           of
           the
           whole
           Assembly
           thanked
           him
           for
           the
           extraordinary
           pains
           and
           fatigues
           he
           had
           undergone
           for
           the
           safety
           of
           the
           Republic
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Campaign
           being
           thus
           finished
           ,
           all
           the
           world
           was
           in
           great
           hopes
           that
           a
           Peace
           wou'd
           be
           soon
           concluded
           ;
           but
           as
           it
           is
           a
           much
           easier
           matter
           to
           kindle
           a
           fire
           than
           to
           extinguish
           it
           ,
           a
           Peace
           like
           this
           ,
           where
           so
           many
           different
           interests
           and
           parties
           demanded
           to
           be
           satisfied
           ,
           was
           not
           to
           be
           so
           speedily
           concluded
           ,
           as
           those
           persons
           who
           impatiently
           wished
           for
           it
           ,
           did
           imagine
           .
           The
           very
           preliminaries
           of
           this
           numerous
           Assembly
           at
           Nimeguen
           cou'd
           not
           be
           regulated
           in
           the
           compass
           of
           one
           winter
           ;
           and
           notwithstanding
           all
           the
           instances
           and
           application
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           those
           that
           reasoned
           solidly
           ,
           saw
           well
           enough
           that
           the
           Peace
           was
           in
           no
           great
           readiness
           .
           Nor
           were
           their
           conjectures
           vain
           ,
           for
           no
           sooner
           was
           the
           year
           1677
           begun
           ,
           but
           tho
           it
           was
           the
           depth
           of
           winter
           ,
           the
           French
           marched
           directly
           into
           the
           
             Spanish
             Netherlands
          
           ;
           so
           that
           in
           a
           short
           time
           all
           the
           places
           about
           
             Valenciennes
             ,
             Cambray
          
           ,
           and
           
             St.
             Omers
          
           ,
           were
           covered
           with
           the
           Enemies
           Troops
           ;
           and
           these
           three
           Cities
           were
           in
           a
           manner
           blocked
           up
           at
           a
           distance
           :
           The
           French
           openly
           boasting
           ,
           that
           they
           wou'd
           make
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           two
           important
           places
           before
           the
           Spaniards
           were
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           take
           the
           Field
           .
           *
           Valenciennes
           was
           the
           first
           place
           that
           was
           invested
           ,
           with
           a
           Army
           of
           50
           or
           60
           thousand
           men
           ,
           under
           
           the
           command
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           and
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Montal
          
           :
           and
           four
           days
           after
           the
           King
           himself
           arrived
           in
           person
           in
           the
           Camp.
           There
           was
           in
           the
           City
           a
           Garrison
           of
           2000
           
             Spanish
             ,
             Walloon
          
           and
           Italian
           Foot
           ,
           with
           about
           1000
           Horse
           and
           Dragoons
           ,
           commanded
           by
           the
           Marquis
           
             de
             Risburg
          
           ,
           Brother
           to
           Prince
           d'Epinoy
        
         
           TheKing
           after
           his
           arrival
           view'd
           the
           posts
           ,
           gave
           orders
           for
           the
           Trenches
           to
           be
           opened
           ,
           and
           set
           up
           Batteries
           .
           In
           fine
           the
           siege
           was
           so
           vigorously
           pushed
           on
           in
           a
           few
           days
           ,
           that
           the
           French
           were
           advanced
           as
           far
           as
           the
           Glacis
           of
           the
           Counterscrap
           ,
           and
           a
           Horn
           work
           ,
           that
           was
           one
           of
           the
           best
           defences
           the
           City
           had
           .
           But
           the
           King
           ,
           not
           being
           willing
           to
           lose
           time
           in
           taking
           all
           the
           Out-works
           regularly
           ,
           order'd
           an
           Assault
           to
           be
           made
           on
           the
           Horn-work
           ,
           in
           four
           different
           places
           ,
           all
           at
           once
           ,
           by
           eight
           in
           the
           morning
           ;
           and
           to
           facilitate
           this
           enterprize
           ,
           alarmed
           the
           Besieged
           all
           the
           night
           with
           throwing
           of
           Bombs
           ,
           Granadoes
           ,
           and
           Carcasses
           ,
           which
           had
           the
           desired
           effect
           :
           For
           after
           a
           short
           dispute
           the
           French
           enter'd
           the
           Town
           ,
           losing
           no
           more
           in
           this
           expedition
           than
           only
           Count
           
             de
             Barlemont
          
           ,
           a
           Collonel
           of
           the
           Regiment
           of
           Picardy
           ,
           three
           Musqueteers
           ,
           six
           Granadiers
           ,
           and
           some
           Souldiers
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           having
           thus
           carried
           Valenciennes
           ,
           sate
           down
           before
           Cambray
           ,
           with
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           commanded
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           ;
           and
           order'd
           the
           Mareschal
           d'Humieres
           to
           invest
           
             St.
             Omers
          
           with
           another
           part
           .
           Cambray
           
           is
           one
           of
           the
           oldest
           Cities
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           built
           ever
           since
           the
           time
           of
           
             Servius
             Hostilius
          
           ,
           but
           the
           Castle
           was
           built
           by
           Charles
           the
           Fifth
           ,
           upon
           which
           account
           the
           Spaniards
           took
           great
           care
           to
           preserve
           it
           .
           There
           were
           in
           Garrison
           fourteen
           hundred
           Horse
           ,
           four
           Regiments
           of
           Foot
           ,
           besides
           two
           Companies
           of
           old
           Spanish
           Souldiers
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           
             Don
             Pedro
             de
             Laval
          
           the
           Governour
           .
           The
           Cathedral
           was
           in
           so
           great
           veneration
           for
           the
           beauty
           of
           the
           structure
           ,
           that
           the
           Canons
           came
           out
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           presented
           a
           Petition
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           wherein
           they
           requested
           him
           not
           to
           fire
           at
           the
           Church
           ,
           which
           he
           freely
           granted
           .
           The
           lines
           of
           Circumvallation
           were
           no
           sooner
           finished
           ,
           but
           the
           King
           commanded
           an
           Assault
           to
           be
           made
           on
           the
           two
           Half-moons
           on
           the
           Castle
           side
           ,
           which
           the
           French
           having
           soon
           made
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           ,
           they
           immediately
           began
           to
           undermine
           the
           Ramparts
           ;
           this
           put
           the
           Besieged
           into
           such
           a
           consternation
           that
           they
           desired
           to
           Capitulate
           ,
           and
           surrendred
           the
           Town
           on
           very
           honourable
           Conditions
           .
        
         
           But
           tho
           the
           Town
           was
           lost
           ,
           the
           Castle
           held
           ●…ut
           still
           ;
           for
           the
           Governour
           taking
           advantage
           of
           the
           Cessation
           of
           Arms
           ,
           gave
           orders
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           to
           have
           some
           Cannon
           and
           other
           necessary
           provisions
           got
           ready
           ,
           commanded
           all
           the
           Horses
           to
           be
           slain
           ,
           only
           reserving
           ten
           for
           each
           Company
           ,
           and
           thus
           retired
           into
           the
           Castle
           with
           all
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           before
           the
           French
           had
           the
           least
           suspicion
           of
           
           it
           ;
           being
           resolved
           to
           sell
           the
           Castle
           dearer
           than
           he
           had
           done
           the
           City
           .
           The
           King
           was
           obliged
           to
           cease
           for
           some
           time
           ,
           not
           only
           because
           the
           French
           Pioneers
           were
           repulsed
           by
           the
           Besieged
           in
           a
           Sally
           they
           had
           made
           to
           prevent
           their
           approach
           ;
           but
           also
           because
           he
           was
           informed
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           marching
           to
           the
           relief
           of
           
             St.
             Omers
          
           :
           he
           sent
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           with
           a
           great
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           to
           reinforce
           his
           Brother
           the
           Duke
           of
           Orleance
           ,
           who
           had
           set
           Siege
           to
           that
           City
           ,
           and
           had
           already
           finished
           his
           Batteries
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           news
           of
           the
           great
           success
           which
           the
           French
           King
           had
           at
           Valenciennes
           and
           Cambray
           ,
           and
           the
           Siege
           of
           
             St.
             Omers
          
           had
           so
           mightily
           alarmed
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           forced
           to
           take
           the
           Field
           ,
           before
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Confederates
           were
           ready
           to
           joyn
           him
           .
           He
           assigned
           Ipres
           for
           the
           general
           Rendezvous
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           which
           was
           composed
           of
           Dutch
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Troops
           drawn
           out
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Garrisons
           ,
           and
           began
           his
           March
           on
           the
           7th
           of
           April
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           9th
           arrived
           at
           St.
           
             Mary
             Capel
          
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           informed
           that
           the
           D.
           of
           Orleans
           lay
           encamped
           on
           the
           great
           road
           to
           St.
           Omers
           ,
           and
           had
           only
           left
           a
           few
           Regiments
           in
           the
           Trenches
           to
           keep
           the
           City
           blocked
           up
           .
           The
           straitness
           of
           the
           ways
           ,
           which
           he
           was
           to
           pass
           ,
           made
           his
           March
           very
           tedious
           ,
           so
           that
           after
           he
           had
           marched
           all
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           he
           advanced
           no
           farther
           than
           a
           small
           River
           called
           Pene
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           side
           of
           which
           he
           perceived
           
           the
           Enemy
           drawn
           up
           in
           battle
           .
           The
           Prince
           having
           consulted
           his
           Guides
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           knew
           the
           Country
           ,
           they
           all
           assured
           him
           that
           there
           was
           no
           other
           passage
           than
           this
           to
           go
           to
           Bacque
           which
           they
           looked
           upon
           to
           be
           the
           only
           place
           by
           which
           St.
           Omers
           might
           be
           reliev'd
           :
           Upon
           this
           consideration
           he
           resolved
           to
           pass
           the
           River
           ,
           and
           set
           upon
           the
           Enemy
           ;
           and
           having
           ordered
           some
           new
           Bridges
           to
           be
           made
           ,
           and
           repaired
           those
           that
           the
           French
           had
           broke
           down
           ,
           he
           accordingly
           passed
           it
           on
           the
           11th
           of
           April
           by
           break
           of
           day
           ,
           so
           that
           all
           were
           got
           over
           before
           the
           Enemy
           was
           aware
           of
           them
           .
           But
           when
           he
           had
           passed
           it
           with
           his
           Troops
           he
           was
           very
           much
           surprized
           to
           find
           that
           there
           was
           another
           River
           still
           between
           the
           French
           and
           him
           ,
           encumbred
           with
           Trees
           and
           Hedges
           ,
           altho
           those
           that
           were
           acquainted
           with
           the
           Country
           had
           assured
           him
           of
           the
           contrary
           ,
           so
           that
           he
           found
           himself
           strangely
           embarass'd
           ,
           as
           not
           having
           in
           the
           least
           expcteed
           this
           second
           Obstacle
           .
           But
           this
           did
           not
           hinder
           him
           from
           making
           himself
           Master
           of
           the
           Abby
           
             de
             Pienes
          
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Enemy
           having
           received
           a
           reinforcement
           of
           fifteen
           Thousand
           men
           came
           to
           attack
           the
           Abby
           ,
           where
           the
           Prince's
           Dragoons
           were
           posted
           ,
           who
           being
           supported
           by
           some
           Regiments
           of
           Foot.
           received
           them
           so
           warmly
           that
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           retire
           .
           After
           this
           the
           Prince
           set
           fire
           to
           the
           Abby
           least
           the
           Enemy
           should
           post
           themselves
           there
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           the
           French
           advanced
           slowly
           with
           
           the
           right
           Wing
           of
           their
           Army
           ,
           to
           charge
           the
           Prince's
           left
           Wing
           in
           the
           Flank
           ,
           which
           was
           covered
           with
           abundance
           of
           Hedges
           ,
           where
           were
           likewise
           posted
           two
           Battalions
           .
           The
           Prince
           perceiving
           that
           the
           Enemy
           had
           received
           some
           new
           recruits
           on
           that
           side
           ,
           sent
           three
           fresh
           Battalions
           to
           support
           his
           own
           ,
           as
           likewise
           to
           guard
           the
           plain
           that
           was
           behind
           the
           Hedges
           .
           But
           the
           two
           first
           Regiments
           basely
           quitted
           their
           Post
           upon
           the
           first
           approach
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           other
           three
           Regiments
           that
           were
           sent
           to
           their
           assistance
           ,
           having
           not
           sufficient
           time
           to
           adjust
           themselves
           ,
           and
           seeing
           the
           two
           first
           Battalions
           run
           away
           ,
           betook
           themselves
           to
           their
           Heels
           ,
           and
           breaking
           into
           their
           own
           Squadrons
           that
           stood
           there
           to
           cover
           them
           ,
           occasioned
           an
           extraordinary
           confusion
           .
           Upon
           this
           the
           French
           Cavalry
           coming
           to
           advance
           ,
           and
           being
           supported
           by
           the
           Infantry
           that
           made
           perpetual
           firing
           ,
           the
           Prince's
           Squadrons
           were
           beaten
           back
           ,
           but
           they
           did
           not
           go
           far
           ,
           and
           soon
           rallied
           again
           ,
           and
           poured
           so
           vigorously
           upon
           the
           French
           that
           they
           made
           them
           fly
           ,
           in
           their
           their
           turn
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Enemy's
           Foot
           being
           advanced
           above
           ,
           and
           having
           possessed
           the
           Hedges
           ,
           where
           the
           Prince's
           men
           were
           posted
           before
           ,
           they
           cou'd
           not
           possibly
           make
           a
           long
           resistance
           ,
           nor
           hinder
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Foot
           from
           being
           attacked
           in
           the
           Flank
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Front.
           So
           that
           the
           Foot
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           done
           their
           duty
           extremely
           well
           ,
           saw
           themselves
           obliged
           to
           quit
           their
           post
           ;
           and
           the
           
           Prince
           repassing
           the
           Rivet
           ,
           retir'd
           in
           very
           good
           order
           to
           Steenword
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           to
           Poperdingue
           ;
           the
           Enemy
           having
           been
           so
           rudely
           handled
           by
           Count
           Waldeck
           ,
           who
           commanded
           the
           Prince's
           Right
           Wing
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           no
           desire
           to
           pursue
           him
           .
           And
           this
           was
           the
           issue
           of
           the
           battel
           at
           
             Mont
             cassel
          
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           having
           retired
           in
           this
           manner
           as
           we
           have
           related
           it
           ,
           the
           French
           King
           pursued
           the
           Siege
           of
           the
           Cittadel
           of
           Cambray
           with
           all
           imaginable
           vigor
           ,
           and
           it
           fell
           out
           very
           unfortunately
           for
           the
           besieged
           ,
           that
           a
           Bomb
           set
           fire
           on
           one
           of
           their
           Magazines
           ,
           where
           the
           Granadoes
           and
           other
           warlike
           Provisions
           lay
           ,
           and
           utterly
           consumed
           it
           .
           However
           the
           besieged
           continued
           to
           defend
           themselves
           bravely
           ,
           and
           recompenced
           their
           loss
           in
           some
           manner
           by
           the
           death
           of
           the
           Marquess
           
             de
             Renel
          
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           French
           King's
           Lieutenant
           Generals
           ,
           who
           was
           slain
           by
           a
           Cannon-shot
           from
           the
           Castle
           .
           But
           at
           last
           the
           French
           having
           made
           several
           breaches
           ,
           and
           the
           Governour
           of
           the
           Cittadel
           being
           wounded
           ,
           they
           were
           constrained
           to
           yield
           to
           the
           great
           number
           ,
           and
           continual
           attacks
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           to
           surrender
           the
           Castle
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           on
           very
           honorable
           conditions
           .
        
         
           To
           return
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           Orleans
           ,
           altho
           victorious
           ,
           he
           was
           so
           afraid
           ,
           lest
           the
           Prince
           should
           once
           more
           attempt
           to
           throw
           relief
           into
           St
           ,
           Omers
           ,
           that
           he
           durst
           not
           quit
           the
           field
           where
           the
           battle
           was
           fought
           ,
           but
           kept
           himself
           upon
           his
           guard
           for
           eight
           days
           successively
           .
           
           But
           when
           he
           received
           the
           News
           that
           his
           Highness
           had
           passed
           the
           Canal
           of
           Ghent
           with
           all
           his
           Forces
           ,
           he
           returned
           before
           the
           Town
           ,
           which
           he
           besieged
           with
           his
           whole
           Army
           ,
           and
           after
           a
           gallant
           resistance
           ,
           which
           cost
           him
           several
           of
           his
           best
           Officers
           ,
           they
           were
           forced
           ,
           against
           their
           will
           ,
           to
           surrender
           upon
           good
           terms
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           taking
           of
           these
           places
           ,
           the
           French
           heat
           began
           to
           be
           somewhat
           abated
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           were
           so
           forward
           to
           attack
           others
           ,
           were
           now
           content
           to
           act
           on
           the
           defensive
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Summer
           ,
           and
           durst
           never
           put
           it
           to
           the
           hazard
           of
           a
           battle
           ,
           altho
           it
           was
           often
           presented
           to
           them
           .
           So
           that
           after
           several
           tedious
           marches
           and
           counter-marches
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           and
           the
           Confederates
           ineffectual
           laying
           Siege
           to
           Charleroy
           ,
           which
           for
           several
           weighty
           considerations
           they
           thought
           expedient
           to
           raise
           ,
           the
           Prince
           returned
           to
           the
           Hague
           ,
           being
           accompanied
           by
           the
           Earl
           of
           Ossory
           ,
           Don
           Carlos
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Albemarle
           ,
           and
           several
           other
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           .
           After
           he
           had
           given
           the
           States
           General
           an
           account
           of
           the
           last
           Campaign
           ,
           with
           the
           reasons
           that
           obliged
           him
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           of
           Charleroy
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           attack
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           who
           were
           not
           only
           superior
           to
           him
           in
           number
           ,
           but
           posted
           to
           the
           greatest
           advantage
           :
           Their
           High
           and
           Mightinesses
           thanked
           him
           for
           his
           conduct
           and
           indefatigable
           pains
           ,
           humbly
           beseeching
           him
           still
           to
           continue
           his
           zeal
           for
           the
           public
           Interest
           .
        
         
         
           A
           little
           after
           his
           return
           to
           the
           Hague
           ,
           several
           of
           the
           English
           Nobility
           arrived
           at
           the
           Prince's
           Court
           who
           in
           an
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States
           General
           gave
           them
           to
           understand
           ,
           that
           his
           Unkle
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           earnestly
           *
           desired
           him
           to
           make
           a
           Voyage
           into
           England
           ,
           in
           hopes
           that
           his
           presence
           there
           would
           not
           a
           little
           contribute
           to
           the
           Peace
           then
           in
           agitation
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           of
           such
           mighty
           advantage
           to
           the
           Republic
           .
           Thus
           his
           Highness
           took
           his
           leave
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           theColledges
           on
           the
           17th
           of
           October
           ,
           and
           being
           accompany'd
           by
           the
           Earl
           of
           Ossory
           ,
           Monsieur
           
             d'
             Odyk
          
           ,
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Nassau
          
           ,
           and
           several
           other
           persons
           of
           condition
           ,
           he
           embarqued
           at
           Hellevoetsluys
           ,
           in
           one
           of
           his
           Majesties
           Yatchs
           ,
           and
           arrived
           at
           Harwich
           on
           the
           19th
           about
           ten
           in
           the
           morning
           ,
           where
           the
           Duke
           of
           Albemarle
           ,
           and
           the
           Master
           of
           the
           Ceremonies
           attended
           him
           in
           the
           King's
           Coaches
           ,
           and
           conducted
           him
           the
           same
           evening
           to
           the
           King
           and
           his
           Royal
           Highness
           ,
           at
           Ipswich
           ,
           who
           received
           him
           with
           all
           the
           testimonies
           of
           a
           particular
           kindness
           and
           affection
           .
           On
           the
           23d
           he
           arrived
           with
           the
           two
           Royal
           Brothers
           at
           Whitehall
           ,
           and
           was
           lodged
           in
           the
           Duke
           of
           York's
           apartment
           ,
           who
           retired
           to
           St.
           Iames's
           .
        
         
         
           What
           was
           at
           first
           nothing
           but
           a
           bare
           surmize
           ,
           was
           soon
           after
           confirmed
           by
           the
           King
           himself
           :
           For
           on
           the
           first
           of
           November
           ,
           his
           Majesty
           acquainted
           the
           Council
           with
           his
           design
           to
           marry
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           to
           his
           Royal
           Highness's
           eldest
           Daughter
           ,
           declaring
           that
           he
           hoped
           this
           Alliance
           would
           facilitate
           the
           accomplishment
           of
           a
           General
           Peace
           ,
           which
           his
           Majesty
           was
           resolved
           to
           advance
           as
           far
           as
           the
           Interest
           of
           his
           Kingdoms
           did
           engage
           him
           .
           After
           this
           the
           whole
           Council
           went
           in
           a
           body
           to
           compliment
           the
           Princess
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           the
           Prince
           ;
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Nobility
           did
           the
           same
           after
           their
           example
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           acquainted
           the
           States
           with
           it
           by
           an
           Express
           ,
           giving
           them
           to
           understand
           ,
           that
           after
           he
           had
           maturely
           weigh'd
           the
           reasons
           which
           might
           incline
           him
           to
           marry
           ,
           he
           thought
           he
           could
           not
           make
           a
           better
           choice
           than
           the
           Princess
           Mary
           ;
           that
           he
           had
           already
           demanded
           her
           in
           Marriage
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           his
           Royal
           Highness
           her
           Father
           ,
           who
           immediately
           gave
           their
           consent
           :
           that
           he
           judged
           it
           advisable
           to
           inform
           them
           of
           it
           ,
           expecting
           their
           approbation
           of
           the
           Match
           with
           all
           speed
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           the
           sooner
           repair
           to
           them
           for
           the
           service
           of
           his
           Country
           .
        
         
           Hereupon
           the
           States
           General
           were
           assembled
           ,
           and
           seriously
           considering
           the
           reasons
           of
           State
           upon
           which
           this
           Marriage
           was
           founded
           ,
           with
           the
           great
           advantages
           it
           might
           produce
           ;
           as
           for
           instance
           ,
           a
           confirmation
           of
           
           that
           strict
           Union
           that
           was
           between
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           and
           the
           States
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ;
           the
           establishment
           of
           the
           ancient
           House
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           the
           conclusion
           of
           the
           Peace
           ,
           so
           earnestly
           desired
           :
           I
           say
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           seriously
           considered
           all
           this
           ,
           but
           especially
           the
           happy
           choice
           his
           Highness
           had
           made
           of
           a
           Princess
           ,
           who
           besides
           her
           natural
           sweetness
           ,
           possessed
           all
           the
           virtues
           that
           a
           Husband
           could
           desire
           ,
           testified
           their
           approbation
           by
           a
           public
           Edict
           ,
           in
           terms
           full
           of
           joy
           and
           satisfaction
           ,
           declaring
           moreover
           the
           mighty
           esteem
           they
           had
           of
           so
           glorious
           an
           Alliance
           ,
           and
           their
           sincere
           resolution
           to
           cultivate
           the
           ancient
           Friendship
           and
           good
           Correspondence
           which
           had
           always
           been
           ,
           and
           was
           between
           his
           Britanic
           Majesty
           and
           them
           .
        
         
           This
           answer
           arriving
           at
           London
           on
           the
           14t
           h
           of
           November
           ,
           which
           was
           his
           Highness's
           Birth-day
           ,
           the
           Marriage
           was
           celebrated
           at
           eleven
           at
           night
           ,
           but
           with
           so
           little
           noise
           ,
           that
           the
           People
           knew
           nothing
           of
           it
           till
           the
           next
           morning
           ,
           when
           they
           gave
           all
           public
           testimonies
           of
           their
           joy
           by
           Ringing
           of
           Bells
           ,
           and
           Bone
           fires
           .
           But
           amidst
           all
           this
           rejoycing
           and
           feasting
           ,
           the
           Prince
           knowing
           how
           necessary
           his
           presence
           was
           in
           Holland
           ,
           made
           all
           possible
           expedition
           to
           arrive
           thither
           .
           He
           parted
           from
           London
           on
           the
           29th
           of
           November
           with
           his
           Princess
           ,
           and
           landed
           at
           Terheyde
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           went
           to
           Hounslaerdyk
           ,
           where
           they
           tarried
           some
           time
           ,
           till
           they
           made
           their
           public
           Entry
           into
           the
           Hague
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           
           few
           days
           after
           performed
           with
           extraordinary
           Magnificence
           .
           But
           I
           pass
           all
           these
           ceremonies
           over
           in
           silence
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           come
           to
           matters
           of
           greater
           importance
           .
        
         
           Towards
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           year
           1678
           ,
           tho
           it
           was
           the
           midst
           of
           Winter
           ,
           the
           French
           King
           made
           such
           mighty
           preparations
           of
           War
           ,
           that
           all
           Europe
           was
           alarmed
           at
           them
           ,
           but
           particularly
           Holland
           and
           the
           Consederates
           .
           This
           made
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           send
           the
           Earl
           of
           Feversham
           to
           his
           Most
           Christian
           Majesty
           with
           a
           project
           of
           Peace
           ,
           by
           which
           
             Charleroy
             ,
             Aeth
             ,
             Oudenard
             ,
             Courtray
             ,
             Tournay
             ,
             Conde
             ,
             Valenciennes
             ,
          
           St.
           Guillain
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Towns
           were
           to
           be
           surrendred
           to
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           of
           France
           to
           keep
           all
           the
           Franche-Comte
           in
           his
           possession
           ,
           but
           he
           would
           not
           hearken
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           as
           for
           the
           King
           of
           England
           he
           was
           as
           unwilling
           to
           abate
           any
           thing
           in
           his
           propositions
           .
           Which
           obliged
           his
           Britannic
           Majesty
           to
           sent
           orders
           to
           my
           Lord
           Hyde
           his
           Ambassador
           at
           Nimeguen
           ,
           to
           make
           a
           strict
           alliance
           with
           the
           States-General
           ;
           which
           being
           concluded
           ,
           he
           dispatched
           My
           Lord
           Montague
           into
           France
           to
           press
           the
           King
           to
           accept
           his
           terms
           ,
           and
           gave
           out
           Commissions
           at
           the
           same
           time
           for
           raising
           an
           Army
           ;
           but
           the
           French
           King
           rejected
           these
           conditions
           of
           Peace
           ,
           and
           made
           great
           provisions
           for
           the
           war
           on
           all
           sides
           but
           especially
           in
           his
           new
           acquisitions
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           .
           Upon
           which
           the
           King
           of
           England
           recalled
           the
           Troops
           he
           had
           in
           the
           service
           of
           
           France
           ,
           which
           besides
           their
           other
           ill
           treatment
           were
           sent
           home
           without
           their
           pay
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           held
           firm
           to
           his
           resolution
           ,
           and
           summoning
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           communicated
           to
           them
           the
           late
           alliance
           he
           had
           made
           with
           Holland
           ,
           for
           the
           public
           benefit
           and
           repose
           of
           Christendom
           ,
           protesting
           he
           was
           resolved
           to
           force
           the
           French
           King
           to
           a
           Peace
           ,
           and
           therefore
           desired
           them
           to
           furnish
           him
           with
           a
           summ
           of
           Money
           necessary
           for
           such
           a
           design
           .
           The
           Lower
           House
           thanked
           his
           Majesty
           for
           the
           great
           care
           he
           took
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           in
           marrying
           his
           Niece
           to
           a
           Protestant
           Prince
           ,
           beseeching
           him
           not
           to
           consent
           to
           any
           conditions
           of
           Peace
           with
           France
           ,
           unless
           they
           were
           better
           than
           those
           at
           the
           Pyrenean
           Treaty
           .
           To
           which
           the
           King
           having
           consented
           ,
           the
           Commons
           after
           a
           long
           deliberation
           resolved
           to
           equip
           a
           Fleet
           of
           Fourscore
           and
           ten
           Men
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           to
           raise
           an
           Army
           of
           29870
           Land
           Men
           ,
           and
           nominated
           Commissioners
           to
           compute
           the
           expence
           .
        
         
           Whilst
           these
           things
           lay
           under
           debate
           ,
           the
           French
           King
           who
           was
           sensible
           what
           designs
           the
           Consederates
           were
           forming
           against
           him
           ,
           resolved
           to
           render
           them
           all
           ineffectual
           ,
           by
           being
           before
           hand
           with
           them
           .
           For
           this
           effect
           he
           left
           Paris
           on
           the
           7th
           of
           February
           ,
           and
           marching
           by
           the
           side
           of
           Mets
           ,
           entred
           Flanders
           ,
           no
           one
           being
           able
           to
           determine
           where
           the
           storm
           would
           fail
           .
           All
           the
           World
           was
           of
           opinion
           that
           the
           design
           was
           upon
           Mons
           ,
           or
           
           Namur
           ,
           or
           some
           other
           place
           of
           like
           importance
           ;
           and
           Ghent
           which
           never
           expected
           to
           be
           attack'd
           ,
           had
           so
           weakned
           itsGarrison
           by
           drawing
           out
           their
           men
           ,
           and
           distributing
           them
           in
           other
           places
           ,
           that
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           who
           knew
           this
           very
           well
           ,
           sate
           down
           before
           it
           on
           the
           1st
           of
           March
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           Threescore
           orFourscore
           Thousand
           men
           .
           It
           was
           impossible
           for
           a
           City
           of
           so
           large
           a
           compass
           ,
           which
           had
           not
           above
           four
           or
           five
           Hundred
           Soldiers
           in
           Garrison
           ,
           besides
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           to
           defend
           themselves
           long
           against
           a
           vain-glorious
           Prince
           ,
           who
           valued
           the
           taking
           of
           a
           Half-moon
           more
           than
           the
           loss
           of
           a
           Thousand
           men
           ;
           and
           who
           by
           his
           assaults
           and
           batteries
           had
           extreamly
           weaken'd
           it
           .
           So
           Ghent
           was
           forced
           to
           surrender
           nine
           days
           after
           it
           was
           besieged
           ,
           from
           thence
           the
           Enemy
           came
           before
           Ipres
           ,
           but
           that
           City
           being
           much
           stronger
           than
           Ghent
           ,
           and
           besides
           furnished
           with
           a
           better
           Garrison
           ,
           the
           Besiegers
           met
           so
           warm
           an
           opposition
           there
           ,
           and
           lost
           so
           many
           Officers
           and
           Soldiers
           before
           they
           took
           it
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           put
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           immediately
           into
           Garrison
           ,
           and
           returned
           to
           Paris
           :
           whether
           he
           thought
           his
           Army
           sufficiently
           harrass'd
           by
           these
           two
           Sieges
           ,
           or
           whether
           he
           thought
           he
           had
           humbled
           his
           Enemies
           enough
           to
           incline
           them
           now
           to
           accept
           his
           own
           proposals
           of
           a
           Peace
           ,
           or
           lastly
           whether
           he
           was
           afraid
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           who
           had
           sent
           considerable
           Forces
           into
           Flanders
           .
        
         
         
           For
           about
           this
           time
           the
           D.
           of
           Monmouth
           was
           arrived
           at
           Bruges
           with
           three
           thousand
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ,
           which
           the
           K.
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           had
           sent
           to
           re-inforce
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange's
           Army
           ;
           and
           the
           Parliament
           was
           so
           earnestly
           bent
           to
           pursue
           the
           War
           against
           France
           ,
           that
           they
           petitioned
           the
           King
           to
           declare
           open
           War
           against
           it
           ,
           promising
           to
           stand
           by
           him
           with
           their
           lives
           and
           fortunes
           ,
           and
           to
           furnish
           him
           from
           time
           to
           time
           with
           sufficient
           summs
           to
           carry
           on
           so
           generous
           an
           undertaking
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           all
           the
           world
           was
           astonished
           to
           ●…ear
           that
           the
           French
           King
           had
           intirely
           abandon'd
           Messina
           and
           all
           Sicily
           .
           The
           more
           able
           Politicians
           imagined
           that
           now
           there
           were
           no
           hopes
           of
           a
           Peace
           ,
           since
           this
           Prince
           had
           abandon'd
           his
           Conquests
           in
           Italy
           ,
           as
           he
           had
           lately
           done
           those
           in
           Holland
           ,
           for
           no
           other
           end
           but
           that
           he
           might
           the
           better
           compass
           his
           designs
           upon
           Spain
           and
           the
           Empire
           .
           But
           others
           said
           ,
           it
           was
           an
           infallible
           sign
           he
           was
           not
           so
           strong
           as
           he
           pretended
           to
           be
           ,
           and
           that
           what
           he
           had
           done
           ,
           was
           rather
           out
           of
           meer
           necessity
           ,
           than
           for
           any
           other
           end
           .
           However
           it
           was
           ,
           the
           Parliament
           of
           England
           were
           of
           belief
           that
           France
           was
           resolved
           to
           continue
           the
           War
           in
           Germany
           and
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ;
           and
           therefore
           to
           stop
           his
           Career
           granted
           his
           Majesty
           a
           Poll-bill
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           same
           Act
           prohibited
           the
           Importation
           of
           all
           French
           commodities
           .
           King
           Charles
           ,
           who
           was
           desirous
           to
           enter
           into
           a
           League
           with
           
           the
           Empire
           ,
           Spain
           ,
           and
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           would
           oblige
           them
           to
           make
           the
           same
           prohibition
           in
           relation
           to
           French
           goods
           ,
           in
           their
           own
           respective
           Dominions
           .
           But
           while
           the
           Hollanders
           were
           demurring
           upon
           the
           last
           point
           ,
           believing
           that
           such
           a
           prohibition
           would
           ruine
           their
           trade
           ,
           an
           unexpected
           accident
           fell
           out
           that
           changed
           the
           whole
           face
           of
           affairs
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           after
           his
           return
           to
           Paris
           seeing
           his
           Britannic
           Majesty
           was
           resolved
           to
           support
           the
           Interests
           of
           his
           Nephew
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           particularly
           since
           his
           Voyage
           into
           England
           ,
           and
           his
           Marriage
           with
           his
           Niece
           ,
           formed
           of
           himself
           a
           project
           of
           Peace
           ,
           which
           he
           sent
           to
           his
           Ambassador
           at
           Nimeguen
           ,
           there
           to
           be
           distributed
           amongst
           the
           other
           Ambassadors
           and
           Mediators
           by
           those
           of
           England
           .
           The
           chief
           of
           these
           propositions
           were
           ,
           That
           the
           King
           of
           Sweden
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Gottorp
           should
           be
           intirely
           satisfied
           .
           That
           the
           Prince
           and
           Bishop
           of
           Stasburg
           should
           be
           restored
           to
           all
           his
           Demains
           ,
           Goods
           ,
           Honours
           and
           Prerogatives
           ;
           and
           that
           his
           Brother
           Prince
           William
           of
           Furstemberg
           ,
           should
           be
           set
           at
           liberty
           .
           That
           as
           for
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           he
           should
           alter
           nothing
           in
           the
           public
           Declarations
           that
           were
           made
           at
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Westphalia
           ;
           only
           he
           offer'd
           either
           to
           keep
           Philipsburg
           and
           give
           up
           Friburg
           ,
           or
           else
           to
           keep
           Friburg
           ,
           and
           give
           up
           Philipsburg
           .
           That
           as
           for
           Spain
           ,
           he
           would
           restore
           
             Charleroy
             ,
             Aeth
             ,
             Oudenard
             ,
             Courtray
             ,
             Ghent
             ,
          
           and
           St.
           Guillain
           
           with
           their
           dependances
           ,
           but
           in
           recompence
           demanded
           all
           the
           
             Franche
             Comté
             ,
             Valenciennes
             ,
             Bouchain
             ,
             Condè
             ,
             Cambray
             ,
             Aire
             ,
          
           and
           St.
           Omers
           ,
           with
           all
           their
           dependances
           .
           In
           a
           word
           all
           the
           Places
           he
           was
           in
           possession
           off
           ,
           except
           those
           above
           mentioned
           .
           Besides
           he
           consented
           to
           surrender
           Charlemont
           ,
           or
           Dinant
           ,
           to
           the
           Catholic
           King
           ,
           provided
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Leige
           and
           the
           Emperor
           agreed
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           That
           as
           for
           what
           concerned
           the
           States
           General
           ,
           besides
           the
           satisfaction
           he
           gave
           them
           by
           what
           he
           yielded
           up
           to
           Spain
           ,
           he
           wou'd
           restore
           Maestricht
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           continue
           the
           same
           treaty
           of
           Commerce
           they
           enjoy'd
           before
           :
           And
           as
           for
           the
           Interests
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Lorrain
           ,
           he
           was
           willing
           to
           re-establish
           him
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Pirenean
           Treaty
           ,
           or
           to
           surrender
           all
           his
           Territories
           to
           him
           except
           the
           City
           of
           Nancy
           ,
           but
           that
           by
           way
           of
           recompence
           he
           would
           give
           him
           Toul
           ,
           reserving
           nevertheless
           to
           himself
           a
           passage
           from
           his
           Frontiers
           into
           Alsatia
           ,
           and
           the
           Roads
           that
           would
           be
           necessary
           to
           him
           ,
           from
           France
           to
           Nancy
           ,
           and
           from
           Nancy
           to
           
             Mets
             ,
             Brisac
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Franche-Comte
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           Confines
           between
           Spain
           and
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           to
           begin
           from
           the
           Sea
           ,
           should
           be
           the
           
             Meuse
             ,
             Nieuport
             ,
             Dixmuyde
             ,
             Courtrdy
             ,
             Oudenard
             ,
             Aeth
             ,
             Mons
             ,
             Charleroy
             ,
          
           and
           Namur
           ,
           and
           that
           these
           Confines
           should
           be
           secured
           by
           these
           Places
           ,
           since
           they
           had
           cost
           him
           some
           Millions
           to
           fortify
           ,
           and
           by
           quitting
           them
           he
           deprived
           himself
           of
           the
           advantage
           of
           marching
           
           up
           to
           the
           Gates
           of
           Brussels
           whenever
           he
           pleased
           .
        
         
           These
           Conditions
           were
           liked
           by
           some
           ,
           but
           disapproved
           by
           others
           .
           The
           States
           General
           for
           instance
           had
           no
           reason
           to
           reject
           them
           ,
           but
           the
           Ministers
           of
           the
           Allies
           ,
           in
           a
           conference
           at
           the
           Hague
           ,
           absolutely
           rejected
           them
           as
           unjust
           and
           unreasonable
           .
           After
           several
           warm
           disputes
           upon
           this
           occasion
           the
           Spaniards
           began
           at
           last
           to
           comply
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           more
           because
           they
           saw
           both
           England
           and
           Holland
           consented
           to
           the
           proposals
           of
           France
           .
           Besides
           this
           ,
           their
           Affairs
           grew
           every
           day
           worse
           and
           worse
           ,
           by
           the
           considerable
           loss
           of
           Fort
           Leeuw
           ,
           which
           was
           much
           about
           this
           time
           unfortunately
           surprized
           by
           the
           French.
           But
           what
           served
           wholly
           to
           determine
           them
           ,
           was
           the
           return
           of
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           who
           besides
           an
           Army
           he
           had
           near
           Brussels
           ,
           had
           two
           more
           not
           far
           off
           ,
           one
           upon
           the
           Rhine
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           between
           the
           Meuse
           and
           the
           Sambre
           ,
           which
           threatned
           nothing
           less
           than
           the
           entire
           loss
           of
           the
           
             Spanish
             Netherlands
          
           ,
           in
           case
           the
           Hollanders
           made
           a
           Peace
           without
           them
           ,
           and
           continued
           Neuters
           after
           it
           ,
           during
           the
           course
           of
           this
           war
           ;
           to
           which
           the
           King
           of
           France
           earnestly
           perswaded
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           Spaniards
           therefore
           being
           constrained
           to
           yield
           to
           the
           necessity
           of
           their
           Affairs
           ,
           declared
           they
           were
           ready
           to
           accept
           these
           Conditions
           of
           Peace
           .
           Upon
           which
           the
           States
           General
           were
           very
           urgent
           with
           the
           other
           
           Allies
           to
           give
           their
           consent
           ;
           and
           upon
           the
           delay
           of
           the
           Ministers
           who
           amused
           themselves
           with
           making
           Memorials
           and
           Replies
           ,
           dispatched
           express
           Orders
           to
           their
           Ambassadors
           at
           Nimeguen
           to
           conclude
           the
           Treaty
           out
           of
           hand
           .
           But
           they
           were
           extreamly
           surprized
           when
           the
           Plenipotentiares
           of
           France
           refused
           to
           sign
           it
           ,
           for
           they
           demanded
           that
           intire
           satisfaction
           should
           be
           given
           to
           the
           King
           of
           Sweden
           ,
           protesting
           that
           in
           case
           of
           refusal
           ,
           the
           King
           their
           master
           would
           conclude
           nothing
           .
           This
           started
           new
           difficulties
           ,
           and
           gave
           occasion
           to
           the
           States
           General
           to
           make
           fresh
           complaints
           of
           the
           procedure
           of
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           so
           frankly
           submitted
           to
           the
           Conditions
           which
           he
           himself
           had
           proposed
           .
           That
           King's
           answer
           was
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           come
           to
           St.
           Quintin
           ,
           where
           he
           wou'd
           carry
           six
           days
           for
           the
           Commissioners
           whom
           they
           should
           send
           to
           adjust
           this
           difference
           .
           But
           the
           States
           thinking
           they
           had
           done
           enough
           on
           their
           part
           ,
           resolved
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           to
           send
           no
           body
           till
           the
           Treaty
           was
           signed
           .
        
         
           The
           News
           of
           this
           difference
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           resolution
           of
           the
           Hollanders
           to
           continue
           the
           war
           ,
           unless
           the
           King
           of
           France
           would
           somewhat
           abate
           the
           interests
           of
           Sweden
           ,
           being
           arrived
           into
           England
           ,
           the
           Parliament
           who
           before
           had
           voted
           to
           disband
           the
           Army
           ,
           which
           the
           King
           had
           raised
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           were
           now
           resolved
           to
           keep
           it
           on
           foot
           .
           His
           Majesty
           sent
           part
           of
           the
           Army
           over
           to
           Flanders
           ,
           
           and
           made
           a
           League
           offensive
           and
           defensive
           with
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ;
           wherein
           a
           very
           short
           time
           was
           limited
           for
           the
           French
           King
           to
           sign
           the
           Treaty
           ,
           or
           declare
           his
           further
           pretensions
           .
           This
           resolute
           conduct
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           put
           an
           end
           to
           this
           troublesome
           affair
           ,
           so
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           between
           France
           and
           Holland
           was
           signed
           on
           the
           11th
           of
           August
           ,
           at
           midnight
           .
           'T
           is
           certain
           the
           French
           King
           had
           done
           better
           not
           to
           have
           refined
           so
           much
           in
           his
           Politics
           ,
           for
           it
           had
           like
           to
           have
           cost
           him
           the
           entire
           loss
           of
           the
           D.
           of
           Luxemburg's
           Army
           .
        
         
           Mons
           had
           been
           a
           long
           time
           blocked
           up
           by
           the
           French
           ,
           and
           was
           now
           in
           a
           manner
           reduced
           to
           the
           last
           extremities
           ,
           when
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           receiving
           advice
           that
           the
           Confederates
           had
           joined
           the
           Army
           of
           Spain
           and
           Holland
           ,
           which
           was
           near
           the
           Canal
           of
           Brussels
           ,
           he
           parted
           by
           night
           from
           the
           Hague
           on
           the
           26
           of
           Iuly
           .
           Immediately
           after
           his
           arrival
           he
           call'd
           a
           Council
           of
           War
           ,
           with
           the
           Generals
           of
           the
           Allies
           ,
           where
           it
           was
           resolved
           that
           they
           should
           decamp
           and
           pursue
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           ,
           who
           marched
           by
           Mons
           with
           a
           design
           to
           hinder
           any
           relief
           from
           being
           put
           into
           the
           Town
           .
        
         
           Thus
           resolved
           ,
           the
           Prince
           parted
           with
           the
           whole
           Army
           at
           the
           beginning
           of
           August
           ,
           and
           no
           sooner
           had
           he
           left
           Brussels
           ,
           but
           General
           Spaen
           joyned
           him
           with
           a
           reinforcement
           of
           six
           thousand
           men
           of
           the
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburg
           ,
           and
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Munster
           .
           
           The
           French
           who
           had
           rested
           some
           days
           at
           Soignes
           ,
           hearing
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange's
           March
           ,
           suddenly
           decamped
           ,
           and
           the
           Confederate
           Army
           encamped
           in
           the
           very
           same
           place
           where
           the
           Enemy
           had
           been
           the
           day
           before
           .
           His
           Highness
           marching
           from
           thence
           ,
           on
           the
           side
           of
           Rocles
           ,
           advanced
           with
           his
           left
           Wing
           as
           far
           as
           the
           Abby
           of
           St.
           Denys
           ,
           where
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           had
           his
           quarter
           .
           And
           as
           this
           post
           was
           in
           a
           manner
           inaccessible
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Woods
           ,
           the
           Briars
           and
           Precipices
           it
           was
           encompass'd
           with
           ,
           the
           Duke
           so
           little
           dreamt
           of
           being
           attack'd
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           at
           dinner
           when
           they
           brought
           him
           word
           ,
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           was
           coming
           to
           surprize
           him
           ,
           and
           so
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           retire
           in
           some
           disorder
           .
           The
           Prince
           had
           Castrau
           before
           his
           right
           Wing
           ,
           which
           the
           Duke
           had
           gained
           in
           great
           precipitation
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           happy
           for
           him
           that
           this
           place
           was
           as
           hard
           to
           be
           got
           to
           ,
           as
           the
           other
           he
           quitted
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           his
           Highness
           ,
           whom
           these
           difficulties
           did
           not
           discourage
           ,
           had
           no
           sooner
           drawn
           out
           his
           Army
           to
           battel
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           resolved
           to
           beat
           the
           Enemy
           out
           of
           his
           new
           post
           ,
           and
           sending
           for
           his
           Artillery
           ordered
           it
           to
           play
           upon
           the
           French
           ,
           who
           were
           posted
           a
           little
           higher
           on
           one
           side
           of
           a
           Cloister
           near
           St.
           Denys
           ,
           which
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           thought
           he
           might
           defend
           well
           enough
           with
           his
           Cannon
           .
           But
           it
           was
           impossible
           for
           them
           to
           sustain
           the
           shock
           of
           the
           Confederate
           Dragoons
           ,
           who
           beat
           them
           from
           this
           
           Post
           ,
           and
           made
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           the
           Cloister
           ,
           while
           General
           Collier
           ,
           advanced
           on
           the
           side
           of
           the
           Abby
           ,
           and
           seconded
           by
           General
           Delwick
           ,
           broke
           through
           the
           narrow
           ways
           ,
           and
           mounting
           these
           horrible
           precipices
           with
           an
           invincible
           courage
           ,
           routed
           the
           Enemiy
           who
           for
           some
           time
           made
           a
           vigorous
           resistance
           in
           their
           lines
           .
           In
           the
           midst
           of
           this
           engagement
           the
           Prince
           accompanied
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Monmouth
           ,
           who
           fought
           by
           his
           side
           all
           the
           day
           ,
           and
           encouraged
           with
           his
           good
           success
           ,
           cried
           out
           ,
           
             follow
             me
             ,
             follow
             me
          
           ,
           to
           encourage
           those
           Regimens
           that
           were
           to
           second
           the
           first
           .
           Both
           sides
           were
           very
           liberal
           of
           their
           Powder
           and
           Ball
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Regiments
           of
           the
           left
           Wing
           seconded
           one
           another
           till
           night
           with
           the
           same
           vigour
           and
           resolution
           .
           Count
           Horn
           on
           his
           side
           approached
           nearer
           with
           his
           Cannon
           ,
           and
           ordered
           it
           to
           play
           on
           the
           French
           Battalions
           in
           the
           Valley
           ,
           where
           he
           caused
           a
           terrible
           slaughter
           .
        
         
           From
           thence
           his
           Highness
           advanced
           with
           speed
           to
           Castrau
           ,
           which
           was
           attack'd
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           on
           the
           side
           of
           the
           right
           Wing
           ,
           where
           the
           Prince's
           Regiment
           of
           Guards
           led
           the
           Van
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Count
           Solmes
           ,
           who
           being
           seconded
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Holstein's
           Regiment
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           English
           ,
           forced
           the
           Enemies
           at
           last
           to
           quit
           the
           place
           The
           Regiment
           of
           Foot
           Guards
           continued
           in
           action
           with
           the
           French
           for
           the
           space
           of
           five
           hours
           ,
           and
           pursued
           them
           a
           quarter
           of
           a
           League
           through
           fields
           and
           precipices
           .
           
           'T
           is
           certainly
           a
           thing
           hardly
           to
           be
           believ'd
           ,
           that
           men
           should
           be
           capable
           of
           making
           such
           brave
           efforts
           in
           places
           so
           extremely
           disadvantageous
           ,
           and
           several
           persons
           who
           have
           viewed
           and
           examined
           them
           since
           ,
           say
           there
           are
           few
           places
           in
           the
           world
           naturally
           so
           strong
           .
        
         
           The
           Earl
           of
           Ossory
           did
           wonders
           with
           his
           English
           at
           a
           small
           distance
           from
           the
           Foot
           Guards
           ,
           where
           the
           French
           lost
           abundance
           of
           Men.
           But
           the
           Prince
           in
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           Action
           advanced
           so
           far
           that
           he
           was
           in
           great
           danger
           of
           being
           lost
           ,
           had
           not
           
             Monsieur
             Onwerkerk
          
           come
           seasonably
           to
           his
           relief
           ,
           and
           killed
           an
           adventurous
           Captain
           that
           was
           just
           going
           to
           let
           fly
           a
           Pistol
           at
           him
           .
           The
           Cavalry
           did
           nothing
           all
           this
           while
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           uneven
           scituation
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           so
           that
           all
           the
           execution
           lay
           upon
           the
           Infantry
           and
           Dragoons
           .
           Night
           put
           an
           end
           to
           the
           dispute
           ,
           by
           the
           favour
           of
           which
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           made
           his
           retreat
           without
           noise
           ,
           and
           retired
           towards
           Mons
           and
           covered
           himself
           with
           a
           Wood
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           a
           River
           on
           the
           other
           ,
           leaving
           to
           his
           Highness
           as
           marks
           of
           Victory
           ,
           the
           Field
           where
           the
           Battle
           was
           fought
           ,
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           wounded
           ,
           abundance
           of
           Tents
           and
           Baggage
           ,
           with
           a
           world
           of
           Powder
           ,
           and
           other
           Warlike
           Ammunition
           .
        
         
           The
           States
           General
           receiving
           the
           News
           of
           so
           great
           a
           Success
           ,
           sent
           Commissioners
           to
           the
           Prince
           to
           congratulate
           him
           for
           the
           victory
           he
           had
           gained
           with
           so
           much
           Glory
           and
           Reputation
           ,
           
           and
           for
           the
           signal
           Actions
           by
           him
           performed
           in
           this
           last
           Battle
           to
           the
           great
           hazard
           of
           his
           life
           .
           And
           to
           testify
           what
           a
           value
           they
           set
           upon
           his
           preservation
           ,
           they
           presented
           Monsieur
           Onwerkerk
           who
           had
           so
           generously
           opposed
           himself
           to
           the
           danger
           that
           threatned
           his
           Highness
           ,
           with
           a
           Sword
           ,
           whose
           handle
           was
           of
           massy
           gold
           ,
           a
           pair
           of
           Pistols
           set
           with
           gold
           ,
           and
           a
           whole
           Horse
           Furniture
           of
           the
           same
           metal
           .
        
         
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           having
           thus
           obliged
           the
           Duke
           of
           Luxemburg
           to
           retire
           ,
           had
           without
           question
           pushed
           his
           point
           ,
           and
           thrown
           relief
           into
           the
           Town
           ,
           but
           as
           he
           was
           consulting
           how
           to
           effect
           it
           ,
           word
           was
           brought
           him
           that
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           the
           States
           General
           had
           accommodated
           all
           differences
           .
           The
           success
           of
           this
           Battle
           hasten'd
           the
           conclusion
           of
           the
           Treaty
           between
           Spain
           and
           France
           ,
           which
           was
           signed
           on
           the
           17th
           of
           September
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           praise
           of
           the
           King
           of
           England
           ;
           who
           having
           joyn'd
           the
           terrour
           of
           his
           Arms
           to
           the
           authority
           of
           his
           Mediation
           ,
           had
           for
           his
           recompence
           the
           satisfaction
           to
           see
           the
           peace
           and
           general
           welfare
           of
           Europe
           given
           as
           a
           Portion
           with
           his
           Neice
           ,
           while
           the
           two
           great
           Alliances
           between
           France
           and
           Holland
           ,
           and
           between
           Spain
           and
           France
           ,
           were
           the
           and
           happy
           effects
           of
           the
           conjugal
           Alliance
           between
           his
           Highness
           and
           the
           Princess
           Mary
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           The
           war
           being
           thus
           ended
           between
           France
           and
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           his
           Highness
           had
           
           time
           now
           to
           breath
           himself
           after
           the
           fatigues
           and
           hurries
           of
           the
           last
           Campaigns
           :
           for
           after
           the
           Ratification
           of
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           the
           Restitution
           of
           Mastricht
           to
           the
           States
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           France
           no
           more
           disturbed
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           with
           the
           terrour
           of
           his
           Arms
           ,
           so
           that
           when
           his
           Highness
           had
           reformed
           all
           those
           innovations
           that
           had
           been
           introduced
           by
           the
           French
           when
           they
           were
           Masters
           of
           the
           Country
           ,
           the
           people
           began
           to
           enjoy
           the
           repose
           and
           tranquillity
           they
           had
           so
           long
           desired
           .
        
         
           But
           matters
           were
           not
           so
           soon
           adjusted
           between
           the
           Kings
           of
           France
           and
           Spain
           .
           By
           the
           Treaty
           concluded
           between
           the
           two
           Crowns
           ,
           it
           was
           agreed
           that
           Commissioners
           should
           meet
           at
           Cambray
           to
           regulate
           any
           disputes
           that
           might
           happen
           about
           the
           limits
           :
           This
           was
           in
           the
           Year
           1679.
           
           But
           after
           several
           tedious
           contests
           occasioned
           by
           the
           excessive
           pretentions
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           who
           demanded
           whole
           Provinces
           in
           the
           nature
           of
           dependances
           ,
           to
           be
           delivered
           into
           their
           hands
           ,
           the
           war
           was
           like
           to
           have
           kindled
           afresh
           ,
           till
           at
           last
           by
           the
           unwearied
           Mediation
           of
           the
           States
           General
           a
           Treaty
           was
           signed
           at
           the
           Hague
           on
           the
           29th
           of
           Iune
           1684
           ,
           after
           which
           his
           most
           Christian
           Majesty
           having
           accommodated
           all
           differences
           with
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           by
           some
           other
           Articles
           of
           the
           same
           Nature
           ,
           a
           Truce
           of
           twenty
           years
           was
           agreed
           upon
           :
           which
           being
           ratified
           ,
           tho
           not
           without
           some
           delays
           on
           the
           side
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           all
           those
           devastations
           and
           ravages
           that
           for
           the
           course
           of
           several
           
           years
           had
           ruin'd
           the
           finest
           Country
           in
           Europe
           ,
           began
           to
           cease
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           midst
           of
           all
           these
           negotiations
           ,
           which
           the
           States
           seldom
           or
           never
           treated
           of
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           whom
           they
           still
           consulted
           in
           the
           most
           difficult
           affairs
           ,
           his
           Highness
           show'd
           an
           extraordinary
           generosity
           ;
           for
           when
           every
           one
           was
           minding
           his
           particular
           Interests
           ,
           he
           neglected
           his
           own
           ,
           and
           preferr'd
           the
           peace
           and
           welfare
           of
           his
           Country
           ,
           to
           that
           reparation
           he
           might
           justly
           expect
           for
           the
           great
           losses
           he
           sustain'd
           in
           his
           own
           Demains
           .
           For
           while
           the
           King
           of
           France
           burnt
           and
           ravaged
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           force
           the
           Spaniards
           to
           accept
           his
           offers
           ,
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Prince's
           patrimony
           in
           Brabant
           underwent
           the
           common
           calamities
           .
           The
           same
           thing
           happen'd
           when
           Luxemburg
           and
           the
           Franche-Comte
           came
           to
           change
           their
           Masters
           ;
           Prince
           d'Isenguyn
           ,
           supported
           by
           the
           authority
           of
           France
           ,
           exposed
           to
           Sale
           by
           sound
           of
           Trumpet
           all
           the
           Lands
           ,
           Furniture
           and
           Goods
           of
           his
           Highness
           ,
           as
           having
           been
           adjudged
           to
           him
           by
           a
           formal
           Decree
           of
           the
           Parliament
           of
           that
           Country
           .
           The
           Provinces
           of
           
             Gueldres
             ,
             Zealand
          
           and
           Utrecht
           ,
           made
           great
           complaints
           in
           his
           Highnesses
           name
           ,
           but
           were
           not
           able
           to
           get
           satisfaction
           done
           him
           .
           Nor
           suffer'd
           he
           less
           injustice
           in
           the
           Principality
           of
           Orange
           ,
           where
           the
           Walls
           of
           his
           Capital
           City
           were
           demolished
           ,
           the
           University
           disfranchized
           ,
           the
           Inhabitants
           barbarously
           plundered
           ,
           forced
           
           to
           send
           the
           young
           Students
           home
           to
           their
           Parents
           ,
           and
           forbidden
           to
           educate
           any
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           for
           the
           future
           ;
           all
           which
           was
           directly
           contrary
           to
           the
           Faith
           of
           the
           late
           Treaty
           .
           But
           when
           the
           States
           represented
           the
           great
           injustice
           of
           this
           procedure
           ,
           the
           Court
           of
           France
           return'd
           them
           no
           other
           answer
           save
           only
           this
           ,
           viz.
           That
           they
           had
           good
           reasons
           for
           what
           they
           did
           .
        
         
           As
           soon
           as
           the
           Truce
           was
           confirmed
           ,
           the
           States
           were
           of
           opinion
           they
           might
           now
           disband
           their
           supernumerary
           forces
           ,
           and
           the
           Deputies
           of
           Amsterdam
           wou'd
           without
           any
           further
           delay
           reform
           the
           recruits
           they
           had
           made
           the
           year
           before
           ;
           but
           all
           the
           members
           coming
           to
           this
           conclusion
           ,
           that
           nothing
           ought
           to
           be
           done
           without
           the
           advice
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           his
           Highness
           ,
           upon
           the
           mention
           of
           this
           proposal
           ,
           assured
           them
           that
           no
           one
           more
           earnestly
           desired
           the
           ease
           of
           the
           people
           than
           himself
           ;
           but
           however
           he
           wou'd
           never
           consent
           ,
           till
           their
           affairs
           both
           at
           home
           and
           abroad
           were
           in
           a
           better
           posture
           of
           security
           ,
           to
           leave
           the
           Country
           naked
           and
           defenceless
           .
           The
           States
           were
           soon
           perswaded
           to
           follow
           this
           advice
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           resolved
           to
           keep
           their
           Troops
           as
           long
           as
           the
           necessity
           of
           their
           affairs
           demanded
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           now
           from
           the
           conclusion
           of
           the
           Peace
           till
           the
           year
           1688
           ,
           when
           his
           Highness
           made
           his
           wonderful
           Expedition
           into
           England
           ,
           we
           have
           nothing
           remarkable
           in
           this
           Prince's
           History
           .
           What
           was
           the
           success
           of
           that
           prodigious
           
           Descent
           ,
           and
           by
           what
           means
           the
           ensuing
           Revolution
           was
           carried
           on
           ,
           which
           has
           occasioned
           so
           mighty
           an
           alteration
           in
           this
           Western
           part
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           sufficiently
           known
           to
           every
           English
           Reader
           ,
           So
           a
           just
           narration
           of
           all
           the
           surprizing
           incidents
           requires
           a
           person
           of
           more
           leisure
           and
           greater
           abilities
           than
           my self
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A26186-e3030
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             
               
                 
                   Excuse
                   the
                   man
                   ,
                   and
                   don
                   't
                   pronounce
                   his
                   doom
                   ,
                
              
               
                 
                   Poor
                   Soul
                   !
                   he
                   left
                   his
                
                 Calepine
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           Notes for div A26186-e49190
           
             *
             According
             to
             the
             new
             Stile
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             all
             along
             followed
             with
             my
             Author
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             great
             and
             stately
             City
             upon
             the
             Scheld
             ,
             built
             ,
             as
             't
             is
             commonly
             pretended
             ,
             by
             the
             Emperour
             Valentinian
             .
          
           
             *
             Sir
             
               W.
               Temple
            
             in
             his
             Memoirs
             represents
             this
             matter
             otherwise
             ,
             for
             there
             we
             are
             told
             that
             K.
             Ch.
             the
             2d
             .
             was
             so
             far
             from
             courting
             the
             Prince
             to
             come
             to
             visit
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             apprehensive
             of
             his
             arrival
             .