Distant Reader - subject-money-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 33 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 220,297 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 6,675 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 89. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

money, will, silver, one, may, shall, gold, trade, much, value, time, commodities, text, great, now, weight, make, shillings, per, tcp, made, two, price, must, england, land, first, english, half, pound, yet, us, every, moneys, part, pence, good, things, interest, eebo, men, exchange, coin, without, de, less, man, three, king, new

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Some considerations of the consequences of the lowering of interest, and raising the value of money in a letter to a member of Parliament., A report containing an essay for the amendment of the silver coins, and A discourse of the general notions of money, trade & exchanges, as they stand in relation to each other attempted by way of aphorism : with a letter to a minister of state, further explaining the aphorisms, and applying them to the present circumstances of this nation : wherein also some thoughts are suggested for the remedying the abuses of our money / by a merchant..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

per cent, english books, early english, books online, pound weight, text creation, creation partnership, page images, peny weight, two carats, tcp schema, characters represented, image sets, represented either, five shillings, one hundred, thousand pounds, per annum, old standard, early works, will make, standard silver, shillings apiece, ten shillings, twenty two, years purchase, money will, per ounce, twenty shillings, six shillings, much money, silver moneys, clipt money, creative commons, xml conversion, every one, will never, image set, tcp assigned, financial support, institutions providing, batch review, work described, iv tiff, bit group, pfs batch, tiff page, encoded edition, text transcribed, asking permission

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are ''Tis money makes a man: or, The good-fellows folly. Here in this song good fellow that mayst find, how money makes a man, if thou''rt not blind? Therefore return e''re that it be too late, and don''t on strumpets spend thy whole estate, for when all is gone, no better thou wilt be: but laught to scorn in all thy poverty. To a pleasant new tune: Bonny black Bess: or, Digby. / By J. Wade. A proclamation for raising the rate of money., and A proclamation appointing some forraigne species of gold and silver to be current.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, money, trade, silver, value, england, gold, early, commodities, pound, nation, land, kingdom, world, west, times, thing, statute, state, sheriffs, scotland, roll, rents, princes, plate, pipe, people, peny, pence, ounce, old, office, mony, moneys, marchants, man, majesty, maister, lord, loane, law, king, interest, indies, india, haue, half, goods, firme, farthing

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be money, and A proclamation appointing some forraigne species of gold and silver to be current is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

silver, shall, money - A report containing an essay for the amendment of the silver coins
money, silver, trade - Some considerations of the consequences of the lowering of interest, and raising the value of money in a letter to a member of Parliament.
commodities, haue, money - Englands vievv, in the vnmasking of two paradoxes with a replication vnto the answer of Maister Iohn Bodine. By Gerrard de Malynes Merchant.
silver, sheriffs, firme - A short treatise touching sheriffs accompts written by the Honourable Sir Matthew Hale ... ; to which is added, A tryal of witches, at the assizes held at Bury St. Edmonds, for the county of Suffolk, on the 10th of March 1664, before the said Sir Matthew Hale, Kt.
tcp, text, money - The miracles perform''d by money a poem / by the author of the humours of a coffee-house.

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

money, time, silver, gold, text, price, value, commodities, things, part, l., interest, shillings, t, weight, man, rate, texts, people, men, quantity, proportion, pence, reason, thing, way, trade, characters, works, books, siluer, years, s., xml, half, others, work, times, images, goods, pound, viz, pounds, doth, home, image, course, charge, day, page

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

be, is, have, was, are, were, being, make, do, made, been, said, had, according, has, did, pay, take, brought, let, encoded, paid, think, come, bring, called, set, find, put, give, makes, buy, done, having, say, making, given, found, see, based, receive, keep, concerning, carried, coined, taken, raised, suppose, sell, raise

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

silver, trade, tcp, england, money, weight, land, coin, gold, king, shillings, cent, moneys, value, pound, standard, commodities, english, de, 〉, text, kingdom, crown, mint, law, tei, eebo, exchange, pence, sterling, bullion, parliament, allay, oxford, ounce, firme, half, tale, ●, comitatus, london, bank, pounds, hath, clipt, new, publick, foreign, coins, peny

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, their, our, i, they, his, he, we, them, you, your, us, its, my, him, me, themselves, her, himself, she, thy, one, ours, theirs, ''em, whereof, vnto, thee, vp, ut, tanq, yours, ye, us''d, unfurnish''d, thēselues, room, l, itself, impair''d, cōparing, ''s

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, same, more, great, such, much, good, first, many, less, greater, own, early, present, true, english, new, several, most, worth, little, certain, general, due, old, better, common, available, least, small, whole, particular, like, last, former, second, equal, necessary, low, fine, few, aforesaid, illegible, clear, large, high, possible, yearly, late, able

not, so, then, now, as, more, out, very, only, therefore, much, in, also, thereof, well, up, here, most, yet, too, never, first, before, far, away, there, down, thus, else, still, thereby, even, again, especially, abroad, sometimes, humbly, ever, all, at, rather, online, over, onely, apiece, indeed, accordingly, above, otherwise, consequently

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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