Digitus testium, or A dreadful alarm to the vvhole kingdom, especially the Lord Major, the aldermen, and the Common-Councel of the City of London. Or a short discourse of the excellency of Englands lawes and religion. Together, with the antiquity of both, and the famous Kings that England hath had to defend both the religion and the laws against the heathen Romish emperours, and against the Romish power, under Popes. With the several plots the Popes of Rome have used against the Kings of England, to throwe them down, and how of late he hath prevailed against the magistracy and ministery of England, his new designes, and manner of progress: together, with a serious view of the new oath or ingagement, with 22. queries upon the same. And also objections made against the non-subscribers thereof answered. Let the ingenuous reader take so much pains, as to read that incomparable peece of vindication of a treatise of monarchy by way of discovery of three main points thereof.
      
       
         This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A86729 of text R206419 in the  English Short Title Catalog (Thomason E621_13). Textual changes  and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more  computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life.  The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with  MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish.  This text has not been fully proofread 
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         EarlyPrint Project
         Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO
         2017
         A86729
         Wing H339A
         Thomason E621_13
         ESTC R206419
         99865581
         99865581
         117826
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
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         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A86729)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 117826)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 95:E621[13])
      
       
         
           
             Digitus testium, or A dreadful alarm to the vvhole kingdom, especially the Lord Major, the aldermen, and the Common-Councel of the City of London. Or a short discourse of the excellency of Englands lawes and religion. Together, with the antiquity of both, and the famous Kings that England hath had to defend both the religion and the laws against the heathen Romish emperours, and against the Romish power, under Popes. With the several plots the Popes of Rome have used against the Kings of England, to throwe them down, and how of late he hath prevailed against the magistracy and ministery of England, his new designes, and manner of progress: together, with a serious view of the new oath or ingagement, with 22. queries upon the same. And also objections made against the non-subscribers thereof answered. Let the ingenuous reader take so much pains, as to read that incomparable peece of vindication of a treatise of monarchy by way of discovery of three main points thereof.
             Hall, Henry, d. 1680, attributed name.
             Hall, Edmund, 1619 or 20-1687, attributed name.
          
           [6], 31, [1] p.
           
             [s.n.],
             London :
             Printed in the year, MDCL [1650, i.e. 1651]
          
           
             Wing attributes to Henry Hall; CtY, to Edmund Hall.
             Annotation on Thomason copy: "non" is inserted before "Common-Councel"; "Jan: 12th.".
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Monarchy -- Great Britain -- Early works to 1800.
           Loyalty oaths -- Great Britain -- 17th century.
           Great Britain -- Constitutional history -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A86729  R206419  (Thomason E621_13).  civilwar no Digitus testium, or A dreadful alarm to the vvhole kingdom,:  especially the Lord Major, the aldermen, and the Common-Councel of the City of [Hall, Henry] 1651    19662 33 0 0 0 0 0 17 C  The  rate of 17 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 
        2007-04 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2007-04 Aptara
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2008-08 John Latta
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2008-08 John Latta
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2008-09 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
       
         
           Digitus
           Testium
           ,
           OR
           A
           DREADFUL
           ALARM
           TO
           THE
           VVHOLE
           KINGDOM
           ,
           ESPECIALLY
           The
           Lord
           Major
           ,
           the
           Aldermen
           ,
           and
           the
           Common-Councel
           of
           the
           City
           of
           LONDON
           .
           OR
           A
           SHORT
           
             Discourse
          
           of
           the
           excellency
           of
           
             Englands
          
           LAWES
           and
           RELIGION
           .
        
         
           TOGETHER
           ,
           With
           the
           antiquity
           of
           both
           ,
           and
           the
           famous
           Kings
           that
           England
           hath
           had
           to
           defend
           both
           the
           Religion
           and
           the
           Laws
           against
           the
           
             Heathen
             Romish
             Emperours
             ,
          
           and
           against
           the
           
             Romish
          
           Power
           ,
           under
           
             Popes
             .
          
        
         
           WITH
           The
           several
           Plots
           the
           Popes
           of
           Rome
           have
           used
           against
           the
           Kings
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           to
           throwe
           them
           down
           ,
           and
           how
           of
           late
           he
           hath
           prevailed
           against
           the
           Magistracy
           and
           Ministery
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           his
           new
           designes
           ,
           and
           manner
           of
           Progress
           :
        
         
           TOGETHER
           ,
           With
           a
           serious
           view
           of
           the
           new
           Oath
           or
           Ingagement
           ,
           with
           22.
           
           Queries
           upon
           the
           same
           .
           And
           also
           Objections
           made
           against
           the
           non-subscribers
           thereof
           answered
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           ingenuous
           Reader
           take
           so
           much
           pains
           ,
           as
           to
           read
           that
           incomparable
           peece
           of
           vindication
           of
           a
           Treatise
           of
           Monarchy
           by
           way
           of
           discovery
           of
           three
           main
           points
           thereof
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           in
           the
           Year
           ,
           
             MDCL
             .
          
        
      
       
       
       
         
           To
           the
           Right
           Honourable
           ,
           the
           Lord
           Mayor
           of
           the
           City
           of
           London
           .
        
         
           
             My
             LORD
             ,
          
        
         
           YOur
           eminency
           for
           the
           Profession
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           lawfulness
           of
           your
           Office
           ,
           only
           invites
           us
           to
           dedicate
           these
           our
           papers
           to
           you
           ,
           not
           that
           they
           so
           much
           expect
           your
           protection
           ,
           as
           intend
           your
           instruction
           ,
           they
           only
           beg
           your
           serious
           perusal
           ,
           which
           may
           prove
           a
           happy
           corasive
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           leave
           you
           excuseless
           :
           your
           Lordship
           certainly
           knowes
           ,
           that
           this
           day
           
             Michael
          
           and
           his
           Angels
           ,
           and
           the
           Devil
           and
           his
           Angels
           are
           in
           fight
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Dragon
          
           seemes
           to
           have
           got
           the
           better
           .
           Now
           at
           such
           a
           time
           as
           it
           is
           a
           sin
           accursed
           with
           a
           bitter
           curse
           ,
           to
           stand
           a
           newter
           ;
           for
           't
           is
           a
           seavenfold
           more
           accursed
           sin
           to
           fall
           from
           
             Michael
             ,
          
           and
           fight
           on
           the
           
             Dragons
          
           side
           :
           if
           he
           that
           loves
           not
           the
           Lord
           Jesus
           shall
           be
           cursed
           with
           a
           bitter
           curse
           ;
           what
           shall
           befall
           that
           Professer
           who
           hateth
           the
           Lord
           Jesus
           ,
           and
           persecutes
           him
           in
           his
           Members
           ?
           Certainly
           ,
           that
           mans
           sin
           comes
           near
           to
           the
           unpardonable
           sin
           against
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           :
           The
           World
           may
           read
           his
           name
           written
           in
           Hell
           in
           great
           Characters
           ,
           the
           sin
           against
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           may
           be
           committed
           in
           one
           Act
           ;
           it
           is
           a
           sin
           frequently
           committed
           in
           this
           age
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           by
           Professors
           ,
           as
           there
           are
           certain
           straits
           in
           the
           narrow
           way
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           (
           as
           repentance
           and
           self
           denial
           )
           the
           which
           if
           a
           man
           passe
           ,
           he
           shall
           never
           fall
           away
           ;
           so
           there
           are
           certain
           precipices
           in
           the
           broad
           way
           to
           Hell
           ,
           the
           which
           if
           a
           man
           passe
           ,
           he
           shall
           never
           be
           able
           to
           return
           again
           ,
           though
           he
           heartily
           desire
           it
           .
           
             Cain
          
           passed
           this
           precipice
           ,
           and
           
             Judas
          
           in
           betraying
           his
           Master
           ,
           and
           
             Esau
          
           in
           selling
           his
           Birth-right
           for
           pottage
           ;
           we
           are
           far
           from
           charging
           your
           Lordship
           (
           as
           we
           are
           free
           from
           
           acquitting
           the
           men
           of
           these
           times
           )
           of
           these
           damnable
           sins
           ,
           let
           God
           and
           your
           Conscience
           condemn
           or
           acquit
           you
           ,
           before
           whom
           ere
           long
           you
           must
           appear
           ;
           our
           design
           is
           only
           to
           unbowel
           that
           little
           bigbellied
           Viper
           (
           of
           the
           
             Romish
          
           Conclaves
           hatching
           )
           the
           Ingagement
           ,
           which
           like
           the
           Trojan
           Horse
           hath
           concealed
           in
           the
           belly
           of
           it
           ,
           the
           ruine
           of
           lawful
           Magistracy
           ,
           lawful
           Ministery
           ,
           and
           the
           lawful
           reformed
           Religion
           ;
           your
           Lordship
           knowes
           full
           well
           ,
           that
           these
           are
           three
           precious
           Jewels
           ,
           and
           your
           Lordship
           cannot
           but
           know
           as
           well
           ,
           if
           you
           please
           ,
           that
           this
           Ingagement
           is
           the
           designed
           ruine
           of
           them
           all
           .
        
         
           How
           sad
           a
           progress
           it
           hath
           made
           already
           the
           sincere
           Protestants
           of
           the
           three
           Kingdoms
           to
           their
           sorrow
           know
           :
           long
           since
           it
           hath
           been
           the
           design
           and
           endeavour
           of
           our
           inveterate
           enemy
           the
           
             Pope
             ,
          
           to
           extirpate
           Protestant
           Magistracy
           and
           Ministery
           ;
           but
           they
           never
           could
           effect
           it
           until
           this
           day
           ,
           and
           that
           principally
           by
           this
           Ingagement
           :
           is
           not
           the
           Protestant
           race
           of
           
             Kings
          
           utterly
           banished
           this
           Kingdom
           by
           this
           Ingagement
           ?
           and
           are
           not
           all
           the
           Protestant
           Ministers
           ,
           now
           about
           to
           be
           turned
           with
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           out
           of
           their
           Estates
           and
           dwelling-Houses
           ,
           and
           banished
           at
           the
           pleasure
           of
           their
           tormenters
           ,
           and
           all
           by
           this
           Ingagement
           .
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
           We
           beseech
           you
           to
           consider
           what
           
             Ministers
          
           they
           are
           that
           are
           persecuted
           ;
           for
           what
           ,
           and
           by
           whom
           they
           are
           persecuted
           ?
           your
           Conscience
           tells
           you
           my
           
             Lord
             ,
          
           that
           they
           are
           the
           Orthodox
           ,
           grave
           ,
           learned
           ,
           sincere
           ,
           zealous
           Ministery
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           that
           by
           this
           Ingagement
           are
           persecuted
           ,
           and
           for
           what
           ?
           but
           only
           because
           they
           will
           not
           forsake
           a
           good
           Conscience
           ,
           and
           a
           just
           cause
           ,
           that
           Covenant
           Cause
           which
           they
           ingaged
           in
           ,
           which
           they
           must
           do
           in
           taking
           the
           Ingagement
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           contrivers
           of
           the
           Ingagement
           knew
           full
           well
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           end
           contrived
           it
           .
           And
           who
           are
           they
           that
           put
           this
           in
           execution
           ,
           but
           they
           that
           entred
           into
           the
           same
           Covenant
           with
           us
           ?
           that
           pretended
           the
           same
           cause
           ,
           those
           whom
           we
           have
           with
           the
           hazard
           of
           our
           lives
           ,
           Estates
           ,
           and
           all
           we
           have
           ,
           preserved
           from
           ruine
           ,
           and
           been
           the
           cause
           of
           their
           promotion
           ;
           even
           those
           who
           make
           Lawes
           for
           our
           ruine
           :
           these
           men
           out-law
           us
           ,
           these
           men
           sequestrate
           and
           imprison
           us
           ,
           these
           take
           away
           our
           Birth-rights
           from
           us
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           worst
           of
           all
           ,
           these
           are
           now
           about
           to
           
           banish
           our
           Ministery
           ,
           who
           have
           alwayes
           been
           our
           comfort
           and
           incouragement
           in
           times
           of
           affliction
           .
           Woe
           unto
           us
           ,
           were
           ever
           poor
           Protestants
           so
           miserably
           deluded
           ?
           or
           were
           there
           ever
           such
           notorious
           grosse
           Hypocrites
           ,
           Apostate
           Pasters
           in
           the
           world
           ?
           are
           these
           the
           Saints
           that
           cryed
           out
           against
           persecution
           of
           tender
           Consciences
           ?
           is
           this
           the
           year
           of
           our
           liberty
           so
           much
           boasted
           of
           by
           many
           ?
           is
           this
           the
           removing
           of
           the
           yoak
           of
           oppression
           and
           Tyranny
           ?
           is
           this
           the
           year
           of
           throwing
           down
           
             Antichrist
             ,
          
           and
           propagating
           the
           Gospel
           of
           
             Jesus
             Christ
             ?
          
           when
           our
           chief
           Protestants
           ,
           both
           of
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           and
           
             City
             ,
          
           are
           inforced
           to
           look
           through
           prison
           Gates
           ,
           and
           the
           archest
           incendiaries
           of
           the
           
             Romish
          
           party
           are
           imbraced
           and
           consulted
           with
           ;
           and
           when
           our
           constant
           ,
           real
           ,
           zealous
           Covenant-keeping
           
             Ministery
             ,
          
           are
           they
           that
           must
           be
           banished
           ,
           with
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           (
           as
           in
           the
           
             Irish
             Rebellion
          
           )
           and
           
             Malignants
          
           and
           
             Sectarians
             .
          
        
         
           
             Jesuites
          
           and
           prophane
           Fellows
           suffered
           to
           enjoy
           their
           liberties
           ,
           we
           appeal
           to
           your
           Conscience
           (
           
             my
             Lord
          
           )
           whether
           this
           year
           be
           the
           year
           of
           
             Jubilee
          
           with
           the
           
             Protestants
          
           or
           
             Papists
             :
          
           are
           not
           all
           Oaths
           ,
           penalties
           ,
           Lawes
           and
           Statutes
           ,
           taken
           clearly
           off
           from
           the
           Papists
           ?
           and
           is
           not
           the
           Ingagement
           only
           designed
           as
           a
           snare
           to
           catch
           the
           sincere
           
             Protestant
             ,
          
           and
           to
           bring
           him
           under
           sequestration
           ,
           banishment
           ,
           out-lawry
           ,
           and
           what
           not
           ?
        
         
           The
           righteous
           Lord
           look
           upon
           our
           afflictions
           ,
           our
           unheard
           of
           afflictions
           ;
           that
           our
           Brethren
           are
           risen
           up
           against
           us
           ,
           and
           hate
           us
           ,
           and
           persecute
           us
           with
           a
           far
           more
           hatred
           then
           our
           open
           enemies
           ,
           and
           that
           without
           a
           cause
           .
        
         
           The
           Lord
           judge
           betwixt
           us
           and
           our
           enemies
           this
           day
           ;
           if
           we
           have
           dealt
           deceitfully
           in
           the
           Covenant
           of
           our
           God
           ,
           then
           let
           God
           search
           it
           out
           ,
           and
           bring
           us
           to
           ruine
           ;
           but
           if
           we
           are
           persecuted
           for
           holding
           fast
           to
           our
           Covenant
           ,
           the
           Lord
           plead
           our
           cause
           :
           we
           can
           with
           comfort
           and
           boldness
           say
           this
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           our
           afflictions
           ,
           
             Lord
             thou
             knowest
             our
             integrity
             ,
          
           this
           appeal
           our
           enemies
           cannot
           make
           .
        
         
           Come
           forth
           (
           my
           Lord
           )
           from
           amongst
           the
           tents
           of
           these
           ungodly
           men
           ,
           lest
           you
           perish
           with
           them
           ,
           for
           their
           folly
           is
           made
           known
           to
           
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           their
           damnation
           sleepeth
           not
           :
           be
           not
           found
           amongst
           the
           number
           of
           Hypocrites
           ,
           Apostates
           ,
           Atheists
           and
           Papists
           ,
           persecuting
           the
           poor
           Church
           :
           the
           sword
           is
           put
           into
           your
           hand
           for
           the
           preservation
           ,
           not
           for
           the
           persecution
           of
           a
           godly
           ,
           zealous
           Ministery
           :
           The
           God
           of
           all
           wisdom
           direct
           you
           for
           the
           Churches
           good
           and
           his
           glory
           ;
           for
           which
           ends
           we
           dedicate
           these
           our
           Papers
           to
           you
           .
        
      
    
     
       
       
         
           A
           short
           Discourse
           of
           the
           excellency
           of
           Englands
           Laws
           and
           Religion
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           IT
           is
           not
           unknown
           to
           us
           the
           Free-born
           Protestants
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           that
           our
           Nation
           claimeth
           the
           priority
           of
           all
           other
           Nations
           in
           the
           World
           for
           ancient
           and
           famous
           Laws
           ,
           and
           Peace
           and
           Religion
           .
        
         
           The
           Laws
           and
           Customs
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           
           (
           saith
           Learned
           
             Fortescus
             ,
          
           )
           are
           ancienter
           then
           the
           Laws
           of
           the
           
             Romans
             ,
          
           
           yea
           of
           the
           
             Venetians
             ,
          
           
           which
           are
           esteemed
           the
           ancientest
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           they
           are
           more
           famous
           then
           others
           ,
           
           because
           better
           then
           the
           Laws
           of
           other
           Nations
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           a
           threefold
           respect
           ,
           in
           the
           subject
           matter
           ,
           in
           the
           form
           ,
           and
           3.
           in
           the
           disposing
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           
             ras
             substrata
          
           of
           the
           statute
           Laws
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           is
           reason
           ,
           which
           indeed
           is
           the
           
             totum
             compositum
          
           of
           the
           common
           Law
           .
           Common
           Law
           ,
           is
           a
           vast
           mine
           of
           right
           reason
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           all
           other
           Laws
           are
           digged
           ,
           and
           fitly
           squared
           to
           the
           good
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           he
           therefore
           is
           esteemed
           the
           best
           Lawyer
           that
           spoke
           the
           best
           reason
           ,
           and
           herein
           the
           People
           of
           
             England
          
           excel
           all
           other
           Nations
           ,
           in
           that
           they
           are
           only
           subjected
           (
           by
           the
           Law
           ,
           )
           to
           reason
           ,
           and
           the
           purest
           reason
           ,
           which
           to
           be
           ,
           is
           doubtless
           perfect
           freedom
           ;
           yea
           it
           may
           truly
           be
           affirmed
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           Law
           they
           are
           subjects
           only
           to
           divine
           reason
           ;
           for
           we
           have
           such
           a
           standing
           Law
           upon
           record
           ,
           that
           whatsoever
           Custom
           ,
           maxim
           ,
           or
           Statute
           ,
           shall
           be
           faind
           directly
           contrary
           to
           the
           Law
           
           of
           God
           ;
           that
           Custom
           ,
           Maxim
           ,
           Statute
           ,
           or
           Case
           ,
           shall
           be
           
             ipso
             facto
          
           void
           ,
           and
           so
           adjudged
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           for
           the
           matter
           for
           the
           form
           ,
           the
           Laws
           of
           
             England
          
           are
           the
           absolute
           ,
           and
           undoubted
           best
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           for
           as
           there
           is
           universal
           obedience
           required
           and
           injoyned
           to
           every
           Law
           inacted
           ,
           for
           there
           is
           a
           general
           assent
           in
           the
           acting
           and
           constitution
           of
           that
           Law
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           3.
           estates
           which
           concur
           ,
           (
           as
           joynt
           causes
           of
           the
           same
           effect
           )
           in
           making
           of
           a
           Law
           .
           These
           3.
           
           Conjunctions
           do
           make
           the
           supreme
           Authority
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           the
           
             Apax
             ,
          
           or
           
             Culmen
             potestatis
             ,
          
           being
           set
           upon
           the
           
             Kings
          
           head
           ,
           all
           Writs
           and
           procession
           issuing
           out
           in
           his
           name
           ;
           with
           him
           are
           joyned
           the
           House
           of
           
             Lords
             ,
          
           and
           the
           House
           of
           
             Commons
             :
          
           these
           3.
           divisions
           are
           limitted
           by
           Law
           ;
           but
           compunction
           they
           have
           power
           to
           repeal
           ,
           or
           make
           a
           Law
           ;
           and
           none
           can
           say
           unto
           them
           ,
           why
           do
           you
           so
           ?
           but
           either
           of
           these
           apart
           ,
           are
           limitted
           by
           Law
           .
        
         
           Limitations
           of
           royal
           power
           have
           been
           made
           and
           acknowledged
           by
           
             Magna
             Charta
             ,
          
           and
           several
           other
           acts
           ,
           and
           no
           obedience
           ,
           acknowledged
           any
           otherwise
           then
           according
           to
           Law
           ;
           and
           King
           
             Charles
          
           acknowledged
           ,
           that
           the
           measure
           of
           his
           power
           was
           the
           Law
           ,
           and
           he
           desired
           no
           more
           then
           what
           he
           was
           invested
           with
           by
           Law
           .
        
         
           And
           so
           of
           the
           other
           two
           estates
           of
           
             Lords
          
           and
           
             Commons
             ,
          
           these
           three
           have
           negative
           voices
           alike
           ,
           have
           freedom
           (
           in
           their
           several
           places
           ,
           )
           a
           like
           freedom
           to
           make
           motions
           ,
           and
           freedom
           to
           reject
           what
           they
           dislike
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           absolutest
           best
           Government
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           as
           is
           clear
           from
           God
           and
           Nature
           .
           God
           himself
           who
           is
           the
           Almighty
           Monark
           of
           all
           Spirits
           ,
           hath
           pleased
           to
           reveal
           himself
           to
           Man
           in
           a
           Trinity
           of
           persons
           ,
           and
           governs
           the
           universe
           by
           himself
           ,
           Angels
           and
           Men
           Celestical
           Bodies
           ,
           by
           Sun
           ,
           Moon
           ,
           and
           Stars
           :
           the
           little
           World
           Man
           by
           understanding
           ,
           will
           and
           affections
           ;
           and
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           by
           
             King
             ,
             Lords
             ,
          
           and
           
             Commons
             .
          
        
         
           The
           King
           of
           himself
           cannot
           make
           a
           Law
           of
           himself
           ,
           if
           he
           do
           ,
           t
           is
           tyranny
           ,
           nor
           the
           Lords
           in
           a
           part
           by
           themselves
           ,
           nor
           the
           Commons
           by
           themselves
           against
           the
           other
           two
           ,
           if
           they
           
           do
           ,
           it
           is
           usurpation
           ,
           exceeding
           presumption
           ,
           perjury
           and
           Treason
           ,
           for
           they
           are
           sworn
           to
           the
           contrary
           by
           their
           Oaths
           of
           allegiance
           and
           supremacy
           ,
           to
           act
           nothing
           against
           the
           Crown
           and
           Dignity
           of
           their
           Soveraign
           Lord
           the
           King
           ;
           besides
           ,
           they
           are
           sworn
           to
           maintain
           the
           Priviledges
           of
           Parliament
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           makes
           the
           first
           of
           these
           three
           Estates
           ,
           by
           a
           right
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           by
           election
           ,
           nor
           by
           Conquest
           simply
           ,
           but
           by
           inheritance
           ;
           for
           the
           Saxon
           Kings
           laying
           the
           plat-form
           of
           good
           Government
           ,
           here
           in
           
             England
          
           continued
           it
           succesfully
           ,
           until
           the
           
             Danes
          
           drove
           them
           into
           Corners
           ,
           subduing
           them
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           the
           which
           they
           soon
           recovered
           again
           ,
           and
           so
           recovered
           their
           ancient
           Customs
           and
           Laws
           again
           ,
           and
           continued
           them
           ,
           
             Edward
          
           the
           Confessor
           ,
           who
           was
           of
           the
           
             Saxon
          
           line
           ,
           having
           no
           Heir
           ,
           descending
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           intended
           to
           make
           
             Edgar
             Ethling
             ,
          
           Gran-child
           to
           
             Ironside
          
           his
           successor
           ;
           but
           
             Edward
          
           the
           Confessor
           dying
           ,
           
             Harrold-Earl
             ,
             Godwins
          
           Sonne
           ,
           being
           popular
           for
           his
           Victories
           ,
           usurped
           the
           Crown
           ,
           and
           dispossessed
           the
           right
           Heir
           ,
           deluding
           
             William
          
           of
           
             Normandy
             ,
          
           to
           whom
           he
           had
           promised
           by
           Oath
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           after
           the
           death
           of
           
             Edward
             .
          
        
         
           
             William
             Duke
          
           of
           
             Normandy
          
           hereupon
           pleads
           a
           right
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           by
           promise
           (
           as
           he
           said
           )
           from
           
             Edward
          
           the
           Confessor
           ,
           and
           hereupon
           brought
           an
           Army
           with
           him
           from
           
             Normandy
             ,
          
           and
           gave
           battel
           to
           
             Harold
          
           the
           Usurper
           ,
           at
           
             Hastings
          
           in
           
             Sussex
             ,
          
           where
           he
           overthrow'd
           him
           ,
           by
           whose
           overthrow
           ,
           there
           was
           way
           made
           for
           a
           Treaty
           betwixt
           Duke
           
             William
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Nobles
           and
           Citizens
           then
           at
           
             London
             ,
          
           Duke
           
             William
          
           pleaded
           his
           right
           by
           promise
           ,
           as
           having
           a
           grant
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           made
           to
           him
           by
           
             Edward
          
           the
           
             Confessor
             ,
          
           and
           confirmed
           by
           
             Harrold
             ,
          
           who
           forswore
           himself
           ,
           and
           usurped
           the
           Crown
           :
           hereupon
           Duke
           
             William
          
           was
           received
           and
           acknowledged
           King
           by
           the
           Nobles
           and
           City
           of
           
             London
             ,
          
           after
           this
           
             Edgar
             Ethling
             ,
          
           who
           indeed
           was
           the
           right
           Heyr
           ,
           compounded
           with
           Duke
           
             William
             ,
          
           and
           for
           a
           royal
           allowance
           ,
           which
           Duke
           
             William
          
           granted
           him
           ,
           he
           reconciled
           himself
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           thus
           
             William
          
           came
           in
           as
           Successour
           to
           
             Edward
          
           the
           Saxon
           King
           ;
           and
           so
           it
           succeeded
           from
           the
           
             Normans
          
           to
           the
           
             Plantagenets
             ,
             Henry
          
           the
           2.
           being
           the
           Sonne
           of
           
             Maud
             ,
             Henry
          
           the
           1.
           his
           Daughter
           whom
           he
           
           married
           to
           
             Jeffery
             Plantagenet
             ,
          
           who
           begat
           
             Henry
          
           the
           2.
           and
           so
           it
           passed
           from
           the
           
             Normans
          
           to
           the
           
             Plantaginets
             ,
          
           in
           whose
           unquestionable
           time
           ,
           eight
           Kings
           succeeded
           each
           other
           :
           afterwards
           they
           divided
           
             Henry
          
           the
           4
           of
           the
           younger
           house
           ,
           &
           usurped
           the
           Crown
           ,
           being
           of
           the
           house
           of
           
             Lancaster
             ;
          
           but
           
             Edward
          
           the
           4.
           of
           the
           house
           of
           
             York
             ,
          
           coming
           in
           upon
           a
           better
           Title
           then
           those
           of
           
             Lancaster
             ,
          
           overthrew
           those
           that
           opposed
           his
           Title
           :
           this
           Division
           continued
           and
           lived
           until
           
             Richard
          
           the
           3.
           died
           ,
           who
           breathed
           the
           last
           of
           the
           
             Plantagenets
             :
          
           The
           
             Tudors
          
           next
           succeeded
           the
           
             Plantagenets
             .
          
        
         
           
             Henry
          
           the
           7.
           matching
           with
           
             Elizabeth
             ,
          
           the
           eldest
           Daughter
           to
           
             Edward
          
           the
           4.
           of
           the
           house
           of
           
             York
             ,
          
           united
           both
           houses
           of
           
             York
          
           and
           
             Lancaster
             ,
          
           laying
           the
           white
           
             Rose
          
           and
           the
           red
           together
           ,
           in
           the
           royal
           person
           of
           
             Henry
          
           the
           7.
           the
           Scepter
           fell
           back
           into
           the
           Current
           of
           the
           old
           brittish
           blood
           :
           together
           with
           the
           
             German
             ,
             Norman
             ,
             Burgandian
             ,
             Castalian
             ,
          
           and
           
             French
          
           atchievements
           ,
           with
           the
           intermarriages
           ,
           which
           800
           years
           had
           acquired
           ,
           incorporated
           ,
           and
           brought
           back
           into
           the
           old
           royal
           time
           .
           
             Nauntons
             ,
             fegmenta
             Regalia
             ,
             p.
             2.
             Sec.
          
           1.
           
           So
           that
           the
           Stuarts
           ,
           have
           an
           unquestionable
           Title
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           from
           the
           old
           Christian
           brittish
           Kings
           ,
           whose
           antiquity
           is
           beyond
           all
           the
           Kings
           in
           the
           World
           .
        
         
           The
           
             Tudors
          
           expiring
           in
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
             ,
          
           the
           mighty
           Family
           of
           the
           
             Stuarts
             ,
          
           succeeded
           by
           an
           unquestionable
           Title
           ,
           as
           lineally
           descended
           from
           
             Margaret
          
           the
           eldest
           Daughter
           of
           
             Henry
          
           the
           7.
           of
           whom
           descended
           
             James
          
           the
           1.
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           and
           sixth
           of
           
             Scotland
             ,
          
           he
           reigning
           22.
           years
           ,
           died
           and
           left
           the
           possession
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           and
           
             Ireland
          
           to
           
             Charles
          
           the
           1.
           who
           after
           he
           had
           raigned
           24.
           years
           ,
           was
           cut
           off
           by
           a
           violent
           death
           ,
           
             Jan.
          
           30.
           1648.
           at
           his
           own
           door
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           by
           this
           it
           may
           appear
           ,
           by
           what
           right
           the
           Kings
           of
           
             England
          
           have
           for
           above
           these
           100.
           years
           made
           the
           first
           and
           chief
           estate
           in
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           t
           is
           by
           a
           right
           of
           succession
           and
           inheritance
           ,
           always
           acknowledged
           and
           granted
           by
           the
           
             King
             .
          
        
         
           The
           House
           of
           Lords
           make
           the
           second
           Estate
           ,
           because
           the
           Nobility
           of
           a
           Kingdom
           are
           the
           main
           pillers
           of
           those
           political
           Thea●ors
           where
           they
           live
           ,
           and
           as
           they
           are
           
             Clarior
             et
             illustri●r
             
             pars
             populi
             ,
          
           they
           do
           claim
           that
           priviledge
           
             jure
             geutium
             ,
          
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           they
           claim
           it
           as
           their
           Birth-right
           ,
           never
           in
           any
           age
           denied
           them
           ;
           their
           house
           being
           far
           more
           ancient
           then
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           ;
           for
           
             Henry
          
           the
           1.
           was
           the
           first
           that
           established
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           ,
           and
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           make
           the
           third
           estate
           who
           are
           called
           by
           the
           
             Kings
          
           Writ
           ,
           and
           chosen
           by
           the
           people
           to
           be
           their
           Trustees
           in
           Parl
           :
           these
           being
           chosen
           ,
           and
           come
           up
           to
           
             Westminster
             ,
          
           or
           the
           place
           where
           the
           King
           appoints
           ,
           they
           are
           called
           over
           in
           the
           Kings
           presence
           ,
           and
           there
           they
           answer
           for
           what
           Shire
           or
           Town
           they
           are
           ,
           which
           done
           ,
           
           by
           the
           Kings
           Commandment
           ,
           they
           choose
           them
           a
           Speaker
           ,
           who
           maketh
           requests
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           
           that
           he
           would
           be
           content
           that
           they
           may
           injoy
           their
           liberties
           ,
           
           to
           speak
           their
           minds
           freely
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           punish
           any
           of
           their
           House
           offending
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           in
           doubts
           have
           the
           liberty
           to
           consult
           with
           His
           Majesty
           and
           the
           House
           of
           Lords
           ,
           promising
           in
           the
           Commons
           names
           ,
           not
           to
           abuse
           ,
           but
           to
           improve
           their
           priviledges
           ,
           as
           faithful
           ,
           true
           ,
           and
           loving
           subjects
           ought
           to
           do
           for
           their
           Princes
           Honour
           and
           advantage
           .
        
         
           The
           House
           of
           Commons
           have
           power
           to
           impeach
           any
           person
           of
           Treason
           ,
           except
           the
           King
           ;
           for
           the
           King
           is
           one
           of
           their
           Estates
           and
           the
           Head
           :
           now
           neither
           of
           these
           3.
           
           Estates
           can
           impeach
           an
           other
           ,
           the
           King
           &
           Lords
           cannot
           impeach
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           the
           third
           estate
           ;
           and
           the
           King
           and
           Commons
           cannot
           impeach
           the
           House
           of
           Lords
           ,
           because
           it
           makes
           the
           second
           Estate
           ,
           hereby
           the
           community
           must
           necessarily
           dissolve
           it self
           ,
           if
           either
           of
           the
           Estates
           could
           impeach
           each
           other
           :
           therefore
           the
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           be
           they
           never
           so
           intire
           and
           full
           ,
           have
           no
           power
           
             de
             jure
          
           to
           impeach
           the
           King
           ,
           because
           he
           makes
           the
           first
           estate
           in
           Parl
           :
           indeed
           they
           have
           power
           to
           curb
           the
           exorbitances
           of
           each
           other
           ;
           and
           for
           this
           end
           ,
           their
           two
           Estates
           of
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           ,
           were
           devised
           ,
           to
           curb
           the
           excess
           of
           Monarchs
           ;
           but
           in
           no
           wise
           to
           dethrone
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           House
           of
           Commons
           never
           was
           a
           Court
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           it
           had
           a
           regative
           voice
           in
           the
           making
           of
           new
           Lawes
           ,
           and
           the
           chiefest
           hand
           in
           granting
           subsidies
           ,
           levying
           Taxes
           ,
           and
           imposing
           Customs
           on
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           without
           whom
           ,
           the
           King
           and
           Lords
           could
           not
           proceed
           .
        
         
         
           The
           original
           of
           the
           Subjects
           liberty
           came
           first
           out
           of
           
             Germany
             ,
          
           where
           saith
           
             Tacitus
             ,
             nec
             Regibus
             libera
             aut
             infinita
             potestas
             erat
             .
          
           Kings
           had
           not
           unlimitted
           power
           ,
           but
           the
           weighty
           matters
           of
           the
           Realm
           were
           dispatched
           by
           general
           meetings
           of
           all
           Estates
           ;
           but
           it
           can
           never
           be
           found
           that
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           was
           a
           Court
           of
           Judicature
           they
           are
           but
           the
           Peoples
           Trustees
           ,
           and
           this
           power
           they
           have
           ,
           that
           they
           have
           a
           negative
           voice
           in
           the
           making
           of
           a
           Law
           ,
           or
           imposing
           of
           any
           Taxes
           ;
           and
           herein
           is
           the
           great
           and
           vast
           liberty
           of
           the
           
             English
          
           Subject
           included
           ,
           that
           there
           can
           be
           no
           Law
           imposed
           on
           them
           ,
           but
           what
           their
           Representatives
           or
           Trustees
           in
           Parl
           :
           shall
           agree
           unto
           ,
           and
           if
           after
           they
           have
           agreed
           unto
           a
           Law
           which
           proves
           inconvenient
           ,
           or
           not
           so
           effectual
           as
           was
           intended
           for
           the
           good
           of
           the
           People
           .
           
           The
           next
           Session
           (
           saith
           
             Fortescue
             )
             Cancito
             reformari
             potest
             .
          
           
           And
           thus
           the
           Laws
           of
           
             England
          
           in
           their
           framing
           are
           the
           best
           Laws
           in
           the
           World
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           
           And
           as
           the
           best
           in
           their
           frame
           and
           constitution
           ,
           so
           they
           are
           the
           best
           Laws
           in
           distribution
           ;
           
           for
           as
           all
           Estates
           have
           a
           hand
           in
           framing
           a
           Law
           ,
           so
           no
           Estate
           is
           exempted
           from
           observing
           of
           those
           Laws
           ;
           so
           that
           
             English
          
           Laws
           may
           truly
           be
           called
           Justice
           in
           the
           abstract
           ;
           for
           they
           do
           
             suum
             cuique
             tribu●re
             .
          
           They
           give
           the
           King
           his
           due
           ,
           the
           Nobles
           their
           due
           ,
           and
           the
           Commons
           their
           due
           ;
           to
           each
           man
           ,
           from
           him
           that
           welds
           the
           Scepter
           ,
           to
           him
           that
           holds
           the
           Plough
           ,
           it
           gives
           him
           his
           right
           .
        
         
           The
           Law
           sets
           the
           King
           above
           imprisonment
           ,
           or
           attainture
           by
           his
           Subjects
           ;
           by
           this
           Rule
           in
           Law
           ,
           
             nemo
             imprisonetur
             aut
             disvisietur
             nisi
             per
             judicium
             Legale
             parium
             .
          
           Now
           all
           other
           men
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           may
           be
           tryed
           ,
           because
           there
           are
           to
           be
           found
           his
           Fellow-Subjects
           ,
           equal
           in
           all
           the
           priviledges
           of
           a
           Subject
           with
           him
           ;
           but
           a
           
             King
             ,
          
           take
           him
           either
           in
           his
           personal
           capacity
           ,
           or
           publick
           capacity
           ,
           he
           is
           no
           Subject
           of
           the
           Law
           :
           indeed
           ,
           he
           is
           sworn
           to
           maintain
           and
           defend
           the
           Law
           .
           The
           
             King
          
           is
           bound
           to
           maintain
           the
           Law
           by
           his
           Oath
           ,
           the
           form
           of
           which
           Oath
           runs
           thus
           .
           
             You
             shall
             keep
             the
             Church
             of
             God
             ,
             the
             Clergy
             and
             People
             intirely
             in
             peace
             and
             concord
             in
             God
             ,
             according
             to
             your
             power
             .
          
           The
           King
           answers
           ,
           
             I
             will
             keep
             them
             :
             you
             shall
             cause
             equal
             and
             right
             justice
             in
             all
             your
             judgements
             ,
             and
             discretion
             in
             mercy
             and
             truth
             ,
             according
             to
             your
             power
             .
          
           The
           King
           answers
           ,
           
             I
             will
             do
             it
             ,
             you
             shall
             grant
             just
             Laws
             and
             Customs
             to
             be
             kept
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             
             promise
             that
             those
             shall
             be
             protected
             by
             you
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             lover
             of
             God
             to
             be
             strengthened
             ,
             which
             the
             common
             People
             shall
             choose
             according
             to
             their
             power
             .
          
           To
           which
           the
           King
           answers
           ,
           
             I
             give
             and
             promise
             it
             .
          
           This
           Oath
           the
           King
           takes
           at
           his
           Coronation
           ,
           
             viz.
             Parl.
             Rol.
             1.
             Hen.
          
           4.
           but
           in
           case
           he
           doth
           not
           so
           fully
           execute
           the
           Laws
           as
           is
           meete
           ,
           there
           can
           be
           no
           Judge
           legal
           of
           the
           
             King
             ,
          
           because
           he
           is
           a
           Monark
           ,
           and
           there
           cannot
           be
           Judges
           of
           the
           accesse
           of
           Monarchy
           ;
           for
           none
           can
           be
           found
           his
           equals
           ,
           and
           to
           judge
           him
           otherwise
           ,
           were
           to
           deny
           the
           Monarch
           :
           what
           is
           granted
           to
           the
           meaner
           Subject
           ,
           which
           is
           to
           be
           judged
           by
           his
           equalls
           .
        
         
           But
           though
           the
           Monark
           cannot
           be
           judged
           ,
           yet
           the
           instruments
           of
           that
           Monark
           may
           ;
           for
           a
           Commission
           from
           the
           
             King
          
           cannot
           bear
           out
           a
           Subject
           beyond
           Law
           ,
           the
           exorbitant
           Commands
           of
           such
           a
           Monak
           ,
           as
           our
           
             English
          
           Monark
           being
           politically
           powerless
           ;
           and
           if
           Authority
           fail
           in
           the
           supreme
           Power
           ,
           the
           instrument
           can
           have
           none
           from
           thence
           derived
           to
           him
           ,
           but
           must
           necessarily
           fall
           under
           the
           censure
           of
           the
           Law
           ;
           so
           that
           though
           the
           King
           is
           head
           of
           the
           three
           Estates
           ,
           cannot
           be
           molested
           ;
           yet
           the
           instruments
           that
           he
           implies
           against
           Law
           may
           be
           tryed
           .
           This
           Law
           is
           most
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Law
           of
           nature
           ;
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           ,
           for
           
             Kings
          
           are
           the
           Representatives
           of
           God
           on
           earth
           ,
           and
           none
           can
           touch
           them
           ,
           we
           see
           this
           clear
           in
           two
           famous
           instances
           ,
           in
           
             Saul
             ,
          
           who
           (
           could
           crimes
           have
           brought
           him
           under
           the
           censure
           of
           men
           )
           had
           enough
           to
           dethrone
           him
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           a
           murtherer
           ,
           and
           a
           publick
           enemy
           to
           the
           Church
           and
           State
           ,
           yet
           
             David
          
           when
           he
           could
           have
           done
           justice
           upon
           him
           ,
           said
           ,
           
             God
             forbid
             ,
             for
             he
             is
             the
             Lords
             anointed
             ,
             the
             declared
             King
             of
             Israel
             .
          
           And
           
             David
          
           that
           was
           guilty
           of
           murther
           and
           adultery
           ,
           both
           of
           them
           deserving
           death
           by
           the
           Law
           ,
           yet
           was
           not
           questioned
           by
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           because
           God
           only
           hath
           the
           power
           of
           punishing
           
             Kings
             ,
          
           and
           not
           man
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           most
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           nature
           ;
           for
           if
           
             Kings
          
           should
           be
           subject
           to
           their
           Subjects
           ,
           then
           the
           order
           must
           needs
           be
           confounded
           ,
           and
           the
           Law
           of
           nature
           utterly
           rooted
           up
           ,
           which
           orders
           approves
           no
           further
           then
           the
           supreme
           Authority
           ,
           which
           if
           judged
           by
           any
           ,
           is
           not
           the
           supreme
           ,
           and
           so
           produceth
           confusion
           and
           infinition
           :
           Therefore
           we
           conclude
           ,
           that
           the
           Laws
           of
           
             England
          
           are
           the
           best
           Laws
           in
           the
           World
           in
           every
           respect
           ,
           both
           for
           matter
           ,
           form
           ,
           and
           distribution
           .
           And
           as
           for
           Laws
           ,
           so
           for
           pure
           Religion
           ,
           it
           is
           beyond
           all
           other
           Nations
           ,
           it
           received
           the
           Apostolick
           faith
           almost
           ,
           if
           not
           all
           
           out
           as
           soon
           as
           
             Rome
          
           that
           brags
           of
           its
           antiquity
           .
           
           
             Gindas
          
           telleth
           us
           ,
           that
           
             England
          
           received
           the
           Gospel
           in
           the
           
             Apostles
          
           dayes
           ,
           
             Joseph
          
           at
           
             Armathea
          
           bringing
           it
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           
           and
           
             Origen
          
           and
           
             Turtullian
          
           tell
           us
           ,
           
           that
           it
           received
           the
           Gospel
           as
           soon
           as
           any
           Natian
           in
           
             Europe
             .
          
           This
           we
           are
           sure
           that
           it
           hath
           retained
           it
           in
           its
           purity
           ,
           the
           longest
           of
           any
           Nation
           ,
           it
           had
           a
           great
           share
           in
           the
           
             Presevitians
          
           under
           the
           
             Heathen
             Emperours
          
           of
           
             Rome
             ;
          
           after
           that
           under
           the
           
             Arrian
          
           and
           
             Entichion
             Heresies
             ,
          
           and
           after
           that
           under
           
             Popus
             ,
          
           the
           bloudiest
           and
           cruellest
           enemy
           to
           the
           Church
           ;
           so
           that
           from
           the
           
             Apostles
          
           time
           till
           this
           day
           ,
           
             Christian
             Religion
          
           (
           though
           sometimes
           obscured
           )
           never
           was
           obliterate
           nor
           extinct
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           And
           as
           this
           Kingdom
           hath
           been
           famous
           for
           Laws
           and
           Religion
           above
           others
           ,
           so
           it
           hath
           been
           the
           famousest
           in
           the
           World
           for
           Religious
           and
           valiant
           Kings
           to
           protect
           it
           ,
           and
           eminent
           
             Ministers
          
           to
           divulge
           it
           .
        
         
           
             Lucious
          
           the
           Son
           of
           
             Coilus
             ,
          
           who
           was
           King
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           was
           the
           first
           
             Christian
             King
             ,
             Jesus
             Christ
          
           smiling
           upon
           this
           Nation
           above
           all
           others
           ,
           in
           blessing
           it
           with
           a
           righteous
           
             King
             ,
          
           which
           was
           a
           miracle
           in
           the
           World
           :
           at
           that
           time
           
             Constantine
          
           the
           8.
           
           King
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           after
           
             Lucius
             ,
          
           who
           was
           the
           Son
           of
           beautiful
           
             Helea
             ,
          
           King
           
             Coil
          
           his
           Daughter
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           whom
           she
           brought
           forth
           at
           
             York
             ,
          
           he
           becam
           
             Emperour
          
           of
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           conquering
           the
           
             Heathen
             Emperours
          
           with
           a
           
             Brittish
          
           Army
           ,
           and
           so
           converted
           
             Rome
             Heathen
          
           into
           
             Rome
             ,
             Christian
          
           the
           famousest
           Reformation
           that
           ever
           was
           wrought
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           so
           that
           
             England
          
           is
           famous
           for
           being
           the
           first
           Christian
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           setting
           up
           Christian
           Empire
           ,
           
             English
          
           Kings
           having
           been
           the
           only
           great
           friends
           to
           true
           Religion
           ,
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Paganisme
           .
           And
           as
           they
           were
           the
           greatest
           friends
           to
           Christs
           Church
           against
           
             Rome
          
           Pagan
           ,
           so
           they
           have
           been
           the
           greatest
           friends
           to
           the
           true
           Chucrch
           against
           
             Rome
             Antixfian
             ;
          
           for
           about
           the
           year
           1070.
           when
           the
           
             Pope
          
           was
           in
           his
           full
           height
           of
           soverainty
           ,
           the
           
             Normons
          
           line
           succeeding
           the
           
             Saxons
          
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           were
           the
           first
           Kings
           that
           contemned
           the
           
             Popes
          
           Authority
           .
           
             William
          
           the
           Conqueror
           spit
           at
           him
           ,
           and
           
             Wilt
             Rufus
          
           who
           succeeded
           him
           ,
           openly
           spake
           against
           the
           
             Popes
          
           usurped
           power
           of
           binding
           and
           loosing
           withstanding
           and
           rejecting
           his
           intrapped
           fopperies
           ,
           declaring
           (
           against
           the
           
             Pope
          
           )
           the
           folly
           of
           invocating
           Saints
           ,
           he
           plucked
           proud
           
             Arch
             Bishop
             Anselmes
          
           nose
           under
           his
           Girdle
           ,
           in
           despight
           of
           the
           
             Pope
             ,
          
           and
           so
           did
           the
           royal
           Family
           of
           the
           
             Plantagenets
             .
          
           The
           
             Tudors
          
           and
           the
           
             Stuarts
          
           got
           their
           several
           parts
           in
           greater
           degrees
           against
           the
           
             Pope
             ,
          
           as
           they
           succeeded
           
           each
           other
           .
           So
           that
           the
           
             Normans
          
           may
           be
           said
           to
           resist
           the
           Pope
           ,
           the
           
             Plantagenets
          
           to
           grapple
           with
           the
           
             Pope
             ,
          
           the
           
             Tudors
          
           to
           unhorse
           the
           
             Pope
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Stuarts
          
           to
           stob
           the
           
             Pope
             ;
          
           King
           
             James
          
           being
           the
           first
           
             King
          
           that
           writ
           against
           him
           ,
           &
           proved
           him
           to
           be
           
             Antichrist
             .
          
           Against
           the
           Kings
           of
           
             England
          
           the
           
             Popes
          
           have
           born
           an
           old
           grudge
           ,
           and
           indeavoured
           to
           destroy
           those
           
             Kings
          
           or
           
             Queens
             ,
          
           which
           resisted
           their
           Authority
           ,
           at
           least
           12.
           
           Treasons
           against
           Q.
           
             Elizabeth
          
           were
           discovered
           ,
           and
           prevented
           ;
           which
           so
           frustrated
           
             Pope
             Pius
             Quintus
          
           projects
           ,
           that
           it
           broke
           his
           heart
           for
           malice
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           not
           with
           his
           Bulls
           (
           which
           with
           his
           own
           hands
           he
           sealed
           )
           depose
           and
           dethrone
           the
           
             Protestant
             Queen
             ;
          
           for
           she
           took
           occasion
           from
           the
           
             Popes
          
           wickedness
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Papists
          
           treachery
           ,
           to
           extirpate
           
             Priests
          
           and
           
             Jesuites
          
           out
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           whereupon
           
             Pope
             Gregory
          
           13.
           erected
           a
           Colledge
           on
           purpose
           for
           
             English
             Priests
          
           and
           
             Jesuites
          
           that
           fled
           from
           
             England
          
           to
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           and
           another
           at
           
             Doway
             ,
          
           which
           was
           much
           nearer
           
             England
             ,
          
           that
           they
           might
           there
           both
           frame
           their
           granadoes
           of
           Treason
           against
           the
           
             English
          
           Court
           and
           receive
           such
           persons
           as
           were
           succesless
           in
           their
           Treason
           ,
           and
           made
           escapes
           out
           of
           
             England
             .
          
        
         
           Against
           King
           
             James
             ,
          
           besides
           that
           Treason
           of
           
             Warson
          
           and
           
             Clarke
             ,
          
           the
           prodigious
           Gunpowder-plot
           was
           contrived
           by
           the
           
             Papists
          
           to
           destroy
           the
           
             King
          
           the
           
             Prince
             ,
          
           the
           House
           of
           
             Lords
             ,
          
           and
           the
           House
           of
           
             Commons
             ,
          
           in
           the
           twinkling
           of
           an
           eye
           ;
           upon
           this
           ground
           ,
           because
           
             Pope
             Clement
          
           8.
           by
           a
           Bull
           ,
           Commanded
           that
           the
           
             King
          
           should
           not
           be
           crowned
           without
           a
           toleration
           of
           
             Popery
             ;
          
           but
           God
           prevented
           that
           prodigious
           blowe
           .
           Hereupon
           the
           
             King
          
           and
           the
           
             Parl
             :
          
           framed
           the
           Oath
           of
           allegiance
           to
           be
           taken
           by
           every
           subject
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           't
           is
           thus
           .
           I.
           A.
           B
           
             do
             truly
             and
             sincerely
             acknowle●ge
             ,
             profess
             ,
             testifie
             and
             declare
             in
             my
             Conscience
             ,
             before
             God
             and
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             our
             Soveraign
             Lord
             K.
             James
             ,
             is
             lawful
             and
             rightful
             King
             of
             this
             Realm
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             other
             His
             Maj.
             
             Dominions
             and
             Countries
             ;
             and
             that
             the
          
           Pope
           
             neither
             of
             himself
             ,
             nor
             by
             any
             Authority
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             or
             See
             of
             Rome
             ,
             or
             by
             any
             other
             means
             with
             any
             other
             ,
             hath
             any
             power
             of
             Authority
             to
             depose
             the
             King
             ,
             or
             dispose
             any
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Kingdoms
             or
             Dominions
             ,
             or
             to
             authorize
             any
             forraign
             Prince
             to
             invade
             or
             anoy
             him
             or
             his
             Countries
             ,
             or
             to
             discharge
             any
             of
             his
             subjects
             of
             the
             allegiance
             and
             obedience
             to
             His
             Majesty
             ,
             or
             to
             give
             license
             to
             any
             of
             them
             to
             bear
             Arms
             ,
             or
             offer
             any
             violence
             or
             hurt
             to
             His
             Maj.
             person
             ,
             State
             or
             Government
             ,
             or
             to
             any
             of
             His
             Maj.
             Subjects
             .
             I
             do
             swear
             from
             my
             hear●
             ,
             that
             no
             withstanding
             any
             Declaration
             or
             excom.
             against
             the
             King
             ,
             his
             Heirs
             and
             Successours
             ,
             or
             any
             absolution
             of
             the
             said
             Subjects
             from
             their
             obedience
             ;
             I
             will
             bear
             faith
             and
             true
             Religion
             to
             His
             Maj.
             
             His
             Heirs
             and
             Successors
             ,
             and
             him
             and
             them
             will
             defend
             to
             the
             utmost
             of
             my
             power
             ,
             against
             all
             conspiracies
             and
             attempts
             whatsoever
             ;
             and
             I
             do
             detest
             and
             abhorre
             as
             impious
             and
             heretical
             ,
             the
             damnable
             Doctrine
             of
             the
          
           Pope
           ,
           
             that
          
           Princes
           
             may
             be
             excommunicated
             and
             deprived
             of
             their
             Kingdoms
             ,
             deposed
             
             and
             murthered
             by
             their
             Subjects
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             whatsoever
             .
             And
             I
             do
             believe
             that
             neither
             the
          
           Pope
           
             nor
             any
             other
             can
             absolve
             me
             from
             this
             Oath
             ,
             and
             all
             these
             things
             I
             do
             plainly
             swear
             according
             to
             the
             plain
             and
             common
             sence
             ,
             and
             understanding
             of
             the
             same
             words
             ,
             without
             any
             equivocation
             or
             mental
             evation
             ,
             or
             secret
             reservation
             .
          
           This
           Oath
           (
           with
           the
           Oath
           of
           supremacy
           )
           the
           supreme
           Authority
           of
           the
           Nation
           thought
           fit
           to
           impose
           upon
           all
           the
           Protestants
           and
           other
           subjects
           in
           the
           
             Kings
          
           Dominions
           .
           The
           
             Protestants
          
           rejoyced
           that
           there
           were
           such
           Oaths
           whereby
           they
           might
           manifest
           their
           loyalty
           to
           their
           Soveraign
           Lord
           the
           
             King
             ,
          
           only
           the
           
             Papists
          
           refused
           it
           ,
           having
           and
           using
           no
           other
           plea
           but
           tenderness
           of
           Conscience
           ,
           and
           fear
           to
           offend
           the
           Church
           of
           
             Rome
             :
          
           these
           Oaths
           distinguished
           
             Protestants
          
           from
           
             Papists
          
           a
           long
           time
           in
           
             England
             ;
          
           during
           which
           time
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           indured
           much
           peace
           and
           prosperity
           ;
           but
           after
           the
           death
           of
           K.
           
             James
             ,
          
           K
           
             Charles
          
           succeeding
           him
           in
           the
           Throne
           ,
           and
           matching
           with
           one
           of
           the
           
             Popish
             Religion
             ,
          
           a
           gap
           was
           opened
           for
           Priests
           and
           
             Jesuites
          
           to
           enter
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           
             Romish
          
           designs
           were
           set
           on
           foot
           ,
           for
           the
           setling
           of
           
             Jesuites
          
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           under
           the
           name
           of
           
             protestants
             ;
          
           the
           
             Pope
          
           granting
           dispensations
           ,
           and
           
             Jesuites
          
           writing
           books
           ,
           (
           as
           
             Ortwinus
          
           and
           several
           others
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           
             Rome
          
           )
           that
           it
           was
           lawful
           for
           a
           
             Roman-Catholique
          
           to
           make
           profession
           of
           the
           
             ●rotestant
             Religion
             ,
          
           to
           go
           to
           their
           Churches
           ,
           and
           outwardly
           comply
           with
           
             Protestants
             ,
          
           and
           yet
           be
           a
           sacred
           
             Catholique
             ;
          
           and
           that
           it
           was
           lawful
           
             vulpirare
             cum
             vulpibus
             ,
          
           to
           play
           the
           knave
           with
           a
           knave
           ,
           (
           they
           are
           their
           own
           words
           .
           )
           Hereupon
           subtil
           
             Jesuites
          
           under
           the
           name
           of
           
             Protestants
          
           seated
           themselves
           in
           
             England
          
           undiscovered
           ,
           held
           correspondence
           with
           the
           
             Conclave
          
           of
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           and
           carried
           on
           the
           
             Popes
          
           design
           ,
           professing
           all
           obedience
           to
           the
           
             King
             ;
          
           but
           keeping
           their
           poysonous
           treason
           against
           him
           in
           their
           brests
           ,
           ready
           to
           spit
           in
           the
           
             Kings
          
           and
           his
           Posterities
           face
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           fit
           opportunity
           ;
           for
           they
           had
           learned
           their
           lesson
           within
           book
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           lawful
           to
           spoil
           an
           
             Heretique
             King
          
           of
           his
           Goods
           ,
           
             melius
             tamen
             est
             quod
             Authoritate
             judicis
             fiat
             ;
          
           but
           't
           is
           better
           to
           do
           it
           by
           a
           Court
           of
           Justice
           ,
           this
           is
           not
           a
           new
           opinion
           of
           the
           
             Popes
             ,
          
           
           nor
           of
           the
           
             Jesuites
          
           though
           newly
           acted
           .
           And
           this
           is
           another
           opinion
           of
           theirs
           ,
           that
           
             uxor
             Catholica
             viro
             haeretico
             bene
             volentiam
             reddere
             non
             tenetur
             ,
          
           that
           a
           
             Papists
          
           wife
           may
           refuse
           to
           submit
           to
           her
           Husband
           ,
           she
           may
           plot
           and
           conspire
           his
           death
           by
           the
           
             Popes
          
           Law
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           another
           
             Cardinals
          
           opinion
           ,
           (
           whose
           Books
           are
           licensed
           )
           
             Pater
             qui
             filium
             habet
             haereticum
             ,
             exh●reditare
             talem
             filium
             tenetur
             ,
          
           that
           the
           Father
           may
           disinherit
           his
           Son
           being
           a
           Protestant
           ,
           &
           
             Simancha
             episcopus
          
           saith
           ▪
           
             propter
             tonne
             haeresin
             patris
             filii
             non
             sunt
             sui
             juris
             ,
          
           
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Fathers
           Heresie
           the
           same
           freed
           from
           his
           allegiance
           Nay
           they
           hold
           that
           Subjects
           may
           lawfully
           refuse
           to
           obey
           
             Protestant
             Princes
             ,
          
           saith
           
             Beliarmine
             ;
             Non
             licet
             Christianis
             tolerare
             regem
             haereticum
             ,
          
           That
           Christian
           Subjects
           ought
           not
           to
           tolerate
           a
           Protestant
           
           
             King
          
           to
           live
           ;
           for
           in
           the
           
             Papists
          
           sense
           they
           are
           the
           Hereticks
           .
           With
           these
           poisonous
           opinions
           ,
           did
           many
           subtil
           
             Jesuites
          
           and
           
             Priests
          
           lie
           about
           the
           Court
           ,
           get
           into
           
             Vniversities
          
           and
           other
           places
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           under
           the
           name
           of
           
             Protestants
          
           many
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           These
           with
           the
           
             Popes
             Nuncio
             ,
          
           having
           won
           the
           Arch-Bishop
           of
           
             Canterbury
          
           to
           their
           party
           ,
           as
           States-men
           conceived
           ,
           drove
           on
           a
           subtil
           design
           to
           overthrow
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           by
           a
           Parl
           :
           and
           so
           to
           pull
           down
           the
           Protestant
           Magistracy
           ,
           and
           all
           their
           wholsome
           Laws
           ,
           and
           by
           insinuating
           Altars
           ,
           Crucifixes
           ,
           Images
           ,
           and
           Image-worship
           ,
           with
           several
           other
           popish
           Ceremonies
           ,
           and
           imposing
           them
           on
           the
           Ministery
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           thereby
           they
           intended
           at
           once
           to
           root
           out
           the
           Protestant
           Ministery
           ,
           and
           Protestant
           Religion
           .
           This
           took
           effect
           according
           to
           the
           
             Popes
          
           desires
           so
           fully
           ,
           and
           raised
           the
           hopes
           of
           the
           
             Popish
          
           party
           so
           high
           ,
           that
           they
           resolved
           (
           like
           
             Haman
          
           )
           to
           destroy
           the
           Church
           in
           every
           of
           the
           Kings
           Dominions
           .
           
             Scotland
          
           they
           intended
           to
           new-mould
           to
           the
           
             Popes
          
           model
           ,
           which
           Nation
           ,
           though
           poor
           and
           weak
           intemporals
           ,
           proved
           to
           the
           world
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           rich
           and
           strong
           in
           spirituals
           ;
           for
           they
           discovered
           the
           
             Popes
          
           designes
           ,
           and
           the
           
             English
             Jesuites
             ,
          
           &
           the
           plots
           of
           the
           
             Spanish
          
           faction
           ;
           insomuch
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Protestant
             Nobility
          
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           petitioned
           the
           
             King
          
           for
           a
           
             ●arl
             :
          
           which
           was
           granted
           ,
           and
           the
           
             etcaetera
             Oath
             ,
          
           a
           
             Popish
          
           new
           
             Engagement
             ,
          
           on
           purpose
           devised
           to
           supplant
           the
           
             Protestant
             Ministery
             ,
          
           was
           utterly
           broken
           .
           The
           
             Parl
             :
          
           was
           by
           the
           gracious
           consent
           of
           the
           
             King
          
           established
           to
           sit
           until
           by
           their
           own
           Act
           they
           dissolved
           themselves
           .
           This
           as
           it
           was
           great
           joy
           to
           the
           Protestants
           :
           so
           it
           was
           exceeding
           terror
           to
           the
           Papists
           and
           Popish
           faction
           ,
           many
           of
           which
           fled
           beyond
           the
           Seas
           to
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           and
           other
           places
           .
           Several
           others
           like
           subtil
           
             Foxes
          
           got
           on
           Sheeps-Cloathing
           ,
           and
           walked
           amongst
           the
           Separatists
           ,
           who
           during
           the
           
             Prelates
          
           tyranny
           ,
           were
           counted
           the
           most
           religious
           and
           zealous
           Protestants
           ,
           with
           these
           did
           they
           joyn
           and
           quickly
           learned
           their
           language
           ,
           fitting
           them
           in
           all
           things
           to
           a
           hair
           ,
           crying
           out
           against
           .
           
             Antichrist
          
           the
           
             Pope
          
           of
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           &
           
             Common
             Prayer
             ,
          
           or
           
             Antichrists
          
           Bible
           ,
           and
           
             Bishops
          
           as
           
             Antichrists
          
           brats
           :
           this
           pleased
           the
           
             Separatists
             ,
          
           and
           no
           whit
           displeased
           the
           most
           of
           Protestants
           ,
           who
           too
           far
           lost
           their
           discretion
           through
           the
           violence
           of
           their
           blind
           passions
           ,
           who
           thought
           to
           much
           could
           not
           be
           said
           against
           Episcopal
           Government
           ,
           it
           had
           been
           so
           exceeding
           tyrannical
           :
           hereby
           the
           subtil
           
             Jesuites
          
           under
           the
           name
           of
           zealous
           Protestants
           ,
           pluckt
           the
           Protestant
           Ministery
           ,
           and
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           Protestant
           Magistracy
           ,
           as
           much
           into
           danger
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           as
           it
           had
           been
           before
           by
           the
           Popish
           Prelatick
           party
           ;
           for
           upon
           a
           true
           bottom
           did
           the
           
             Romish
             Sophists
          
           build
           a
           false
           Argument
           thus
           .
           The
           
             Pope
          
           is
           
             Antichrist
          
           (
           that
           's
           true
           )
           the
           
             Pope
          
           made
           Bishops
           (
           say
           they
           )
           and
           the
           Bishops
           made
           Ministers
           :
           therefore
           the
           Ministers
           now
           were
           set
           down
           for
           
             Antichristian
          
           Ministers
           :
           here
           the
           Devils
           Cloven
           foot
           appeared
           ,
           and
           mark
           what
           progress
           and
           advantage
           they
           made
           of
           this
           :
           The
           next
           
           consequence
           was
           :
           If
           Ministers
           be
           Antichristian
           ,
           then
           the
           Ordinances
           they
           administer
           are
           Antich
           .
           Baptisme
           is
           Antich
           .
           singing
           Psalms
           ,
           observing
           the
           Lords
           day
           ,
           meeting
           in
           Churches
           ,
           all
           this
           was
           Antichristian
           :
           so
           that
           the
           Pope
           set
           up
           two
           designes
           for
           the
           miscarriage
           of
           that
           of
           
             Scotland
             ;
          
           for
           what
           with
           the
           Parl
           :
           just
           and
           strict
           proceedings
           against
           the
           Popish
           party
           about
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           what
           with
           their
           prevalency
           at
           Court
           with
           the
           Queen
           and
           the
           King
           ;
           designes
           by
           the
           Court
           factions
           were
           on
           foot
           ,
           to
           bring
           the
           Northern
           Army
           against
           the
           Parl
           :
           to
           over-awe
           them
           ;
           as
           appears
           in
           the
           preamble
           of
           their
           Protestation
           ,
           made
           
             May
          
           5.
           1641.
           
           Thus
           ,
           whereas
           the
           designes
           of
           Priests
           ,
           Jesuites
           ,
           and
           other
           adherents
           to
           the
           See
           of
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           have
           of
           late
           been
           more
           frequently
           and
           boldly
           put
           in
           practice
           then
           formerly
           ,
           to
           the
           undermining
           and
           danger
           of
           the
           ruine
           of
           the
           true
           reformed
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           subversion
           of
           the
           fundamental
           Laws
           of
           
             England
          
           and
           
             Ireland
             ,
          
           by
           wicked
           plots
           and
           conspiracies
           ,
           and
           breach
           of
           Parliaments
           ;
           whereby
           the
           Kings
           Maj.
           person
           is
           indangered
           ,
           and
           an
           Army
           intended
           to
           be
           brought
           up
           against
           the
           Parl
           :
           to
           force
           them
           to
           condescend
           to
           the
           lusts
           of
           a
           Popish
           party
           :
           Hereupon
           the
           first
           Protestation
           was
           framed
           ,
           and
           sent
           throughout
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           no body
           refusing
           to
           subscribe
           it
           except
           Jesuitish
           Separatists
           .
           J.
           A.
           B.
           
             do
             in
             the
             presence
             of
             Almighty
             God
             ,
             promise
             ,
             vow
             and
             protest
             ,
             to
             maintain
             and
             defend
             as
             far
             as
             lawfully
             I
             may
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           Soon
           after
           this
           ,
           the
           breach
           between
           the
           King
           and
           the
           Parl.
           fell
           out
           ,
           the
           King
           giving
           too
           much
           ear
           to
           evil
           Councel
           ,
           and
           that
           Popish
           faction
           which
           was
           the
           ground
           of
           all
           the
           former
           persecution
           and
           the
           civil
           War
           :
           the
           King
           raised
           an
           Army
           to
           defend
           himself
           and
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           the
           Parl
           :
           did
           the
           like
           upon
           the
           same
           grounds
           ,
           which
           at
           that
           time
           was
           doubtless
           real
           ;
           their
           end
           propounded
           was
           to
           defend
           Religion
           ,
           Law
           ,
           the
           Kings
           Maj.
           Person
           ,
           the
           Parl.
           priviledges
           ,
           and
           the
           Peoples
           Liberties
           .
        
         
           The
           Parl
           :
           cause
           seemed
           the
           best
           in
           most
           Protestants
           eyes
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           in
           regard
           the
           Courts
           designs
           were
           long
           before
           discovered
           to
           the
           Parl
           :
           The
           Queens
           departure
           with
           the
           Crown-Jewels
           into
           
             Holland
             ,
          
           and
           the
           numerous
           flocks
           of
           Papists
           going
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           corrupt
           part
           and
           guilty
           persons
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           made
           haste
           to
           the
           King
           after
           his
           departure
           ,
           made
           the
           Protestants
           afraid
           what
           would
           become
           of
           Religion
           ,
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           the
           Kings
           person
           ,
           should
           that
           party
           about
           him
           have
           prevailed
           :
           however
           they
           professed
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           though
           many
           of
           them
           convicted
           Papists
           .
           Hereupon
           the
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           made
           a
           second
           Vow
           and
           Covenant
           with
           this
           preamble
           ,
           
             Whereas
             the
             Lords
             and
             Commons
             now
             assembled
             in
             Parl
             :
             have
             declared
             that
             there
             hath
             been
             and
             now
             is
             a
             Popish
             and
             Traiterus
             plot
             ,
             for
             the
             subversion
             of
             the
             true
             Protestant
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             and
             the
             liberty
             of
             the
             subject
          
           &c.
           
        
         
           And
           after
           all
           this
           still
           perceiving
           the
           Popish
           party
           to
           increase
           ,
           grow
           great
           ,
           victorious
           ,
           bloudy
           and
           blasphemous
           ;
           the
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           professing
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           nothing
           before
           their
           eyes
           but
           the
           glory
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           advancement
           of
           Christs
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           the
           happiness
           of
           the
           
           King
           and
           his
           Posterity
           ,
           with
           the
           true
           publique
           liberty
           ,
           safety
           ,
           and
           peace
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           against
           the
           plots
           of
           the
           enemies
           ,
           they
           entred
           into
           the
           solemn
           League
           and
           Covenant
           ,
           containing
           6.
           
           Articles
           ,
           which
           every
           Parl.
           man
           publickly
           and
           solemnly
           at
           the
           Chappel
           of
           St
           ,
           
             Margaret
             Westminster
             ,
          
           (
           with
           his
           hand
           lifted
           up
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           
             Scots
             Commissioners
             ,
          
           and
           the
           whole
           Congregation
           )
           did
           subscribe
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           we
           will
           sincerely
           ,
           really
           ,
           and
           constantly
           through
           the
           grace
           of
           God
           ,
           indeavour
           in
           our
           several
           places
           and
           callings
           the
           preservation
           of
           the
           reformed
           Religion
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           in
           Doctrine
           ,
           Worship
           ,
           Discipline
           and
           Government
           ,
           against
           our
           common
           enemies
           ;
           the
           reformation
           of
           Religion
           in
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           England
           and
           Ireland
           in
           Doctrine
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           2.
           
           That
           we
           will
           in
           like
           manner
           without
           respect
           of
           persons
           ,
           endeavour
           the
           extirpation
           of
           
             Popery
             ,
             Prelacy
             ,
             Superstition
             ,
             Heresie
             ,
             Schisme
             ,
             Prophaneness
             ,
          
           &c.
           3.
           
           With
           the
           same
           reality
           ,
           sincerity
           and
           constancy
           in
           our
           several
           places
           and
           Callings
           ,
           indeavour
           with
           our
           Estates
           and
           Lives
           ,
           mutually
           to
           preserve
           the
           Rights
           and
           Priviledges
           of
           Parl
           :
           and
           the
           liberties
           of
           the
           Kingdoms
           ;
           and
           to
           preserve
           and
           defend
           the
           Kings
           Majesties
           Person
           and
           Authority
           ,
           in
           the
           preservation
           and
           defence
           of
           the
           true
           Religion
           and
           Liberties
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           that
           the
           World
           may
           bear
           witness
           with
           our
           Consciences
           of
           our
           loyalty
           ,
           and
           that
           we
           have
           no
           thoughts
           or
           intentions
           ,
           to
           diminish
           his
           Majesties
           just
           power
           and
           greatness
           .
           4.
           
           We
           shall
           also
           with
           all
           faithfulness
           endeavour
           the
           discovery
           of
           all
           such
           as
           have
           been
           or
           shall
           be
           incendiaries
           or
           Malignants
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           5.
           
           And
           whereas
           the
           happiness
           of
           a
           blessed
           peace
           between
           the
           Kingdoms
           ,
           formerly
           denyedt
           our
           progenitors
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           6.
           
           We
           shall
           also
           according
           to
           our
           places
           ,
           
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           This
           solemn
           League
           and
           Covenant
           being
           entred
           into
           by
           both
           Nations
           of
           
             England
          
           and
           
             Scotland
             ,
          
           made
           the
           deepest
           and
           strongest
           Politicians
           of
           the
           
             Roman
          
           faction
           to
           tremble
           ,
           yea
           (
           as
           Mr.
           
             Hinderson
             ,
          
           the
           Reverend
           and
           Learned
           Minister
           of
           
             Scotland
             ,
          
           then
           Commissioner
           ,
           well
           foretold
           )
           the
           news
           of
           this
           Covenant
           ,
           (
           which
           was
           soon
           carried
           to
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           with
           the
           names
           of
           all
           the
           Subscribers
           )
           made
           the
           Pope
           and
           his
           Conclave
           of
           
             Cardinals
          
           amazed
           and
           tremble
           ;
           insomuch
           ,
           that
           they
           doubled
           their
           diligence
           to
           work
           the
           destruction
           of
           the
           Covenanteers
           at
           this
           time
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           
             Lorane
          
           was
           solicited
           by
           Sir
           
             Kelem
             Digbies
          
           meanes
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           the
           Queens
           Agent
           for
           the
           
             English
          
           Affairs
           at
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           to
           help
           the
           King
           of
           
             England
          
           with
           an
           Army
           against
           the
           Covenanters
           in
           
             England
             .
          
           Sir
           
             Kelenem
             Digby
          
           was
           the
           Popes
           right
           hand
           to
           promote
           and
           further
           all
           designs
           against
           the
           Covenanters
           party
           in
           
             England
             .
          
           At
           the
           same
           time
           a
           Nuncio
           was
           forthwith
           sent
           from
           the
           Popes
           Court
           into
           
             Ireland
             ,
          
           there
           to
           make
           a
           Cessation
           with
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           and
           to
           further
           by
           all
           means
           possible
           the
           King
           of
           
             England
          
           against
           the
           Covenanters
           ,
           which
           was
           concluded
           with
           the
           Popes
           good
           liking
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           confessed
           .
        
         
           The
           old
           and
           sage
           Statesmen
           in
           Parl
           :
           perceiving
           the
           designes
           of
           the
           
             Pope
          
           to
           drive
           furiously
           on
           towards
           the
           destruction
           of
           the
           Parl
           :
           and
           Covenanters
           ,
           called
           in
           the
           
             Scots
          
           to
           their
           aid
           against
           the
           
             Popes
          
           designes
           .
           The
           
             English
          
           A●my
           
           and
           
             Scots
          
           Army
           admitting
           no
           Officers
           or
           Souldiers
           in
           their
           Armies
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           took
           the
           Covenant
           :
           the
           Covenanters
           (
           through
           Gods
           providence
           )
           beyond
           all
           expectation
           prospered
           in
           the
           field
           against
           their
           enemies
           ;
           and
           the
           Parl
           :
           and
           Assembly
           of
           Divines
           prospered
           at
           
             Westminster
             ,
          
           and
           went
           on
           successively
           ,
           both
           of
           them
           being
           unanimous
           in
           the
           pulling
           down
           of
           Popery
           and
           Tyranny
           ,
           and
           establishing
           and
           maintaining
           the
           liberties
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           Laws
           of
           the
           Realm
           ,
           and
           true
           Religion
           in
           Doctrine
           ,
           Discipline
           and
           Government
           ;
           for
           this
           purpose
           the
           Assembly
           of
           Divines
           first
           went
           over
           the
           Articles
           of
           faith
           ,
           drew
           them
           up
           after
           most
           deliberate
           ,
           serious
           ,
           and
           learned
           debates
           upon
           each
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           humbly
           presented
           them
           to
           the
           Parl
           :
           under
           33.
           heads
           .
           1.
           of
           the
           Scripture
           ,
           2.
           of
           Gods
           Covenant
           ,
           and
           the
           holy
           Trinity
           ,
           3.
           of
           Gods
           decrees
           ,
           4.
           of
           Creation
           ,
           5.
           of
           Providence
           ,
           6.
           of
           mans
           fall
           and
           sin
           ,
           7.
           of
           Gods
           Covenant
           with
           man
           ,
           8.
           of
           Christ
           the
           Mediator
           ,
           9.
           of
           free
           will
           ,
           10.
           of
           effectual
           Calling
           ,
           11.
           of
           Justification
           ,
           12.
           
           Adoption
           ,
           13.
           
           Sanctific●tion
           ,
           14.
           saving
           faith
           ,
           15.
           
           Repentance
           ,
           16.
           good
           works
           ,
           17.
           of
           perseverance
           ,
           18.
           of
           assurance
           of
           grace
           ,
           19.
           of
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           ,
           20.
           
           Christian
           liberty
           &
           liberty
           of
           Conscience
           ,
           21.
           of
           religious
           worship
           and
           the
           Lords
           day
           ,
           22.
           of
           lawful
           Oaths
           ,
           23.
           of
           the
           civil
           Magistrate
           ,
           24.
           of
           marriage
           and
           divorce
           ,
           25.
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           26.
           of
           Communion
           of
           Saints
           ,
           27.
           of
           the
           Sacraments
           ,
           28.
           of
           Baptisme
           ,
           29.
           of
           the
           Lords
           Supper
           ,
           30.
           of
           Church-censures
           ,
           31.
           of
           Synods
           and
           Councels
           ,
           32.
           of
           the
           Resurrection
           ,
           33.
           of
           the
           last
           judgement
           .
        
         
           Then
           they
           regularly
           proceeded
           to
           settle
           Church-Government
           ,
           first
           proving
           Presbytery
           to
           be
           the
           Government
           which
           is
           most
           like
           to
           the
           primitive
           Government
           ,
           and
           coming
           nearest
           of
           all
           other
           Governments
           to
           Gods
           word
           ;
           next
           they
           drew
           up
           a
           Directory
           for
           Church-Government
           ,
           with
           an
           Orthodox
           ,
           learned
           ,
           and
           pious
           Catechisme
           ;
           and
           thus
           the
           Covenanters
           Magistracy
           and
           Ministry
           went
           on
           and
           prospered
           until
           they
           threw
           down
           their
           open
           enemies
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           and
           were
           in
           great
           hopes
           of
           setling
           the
           
             Protestant
          
           Religion
           in
           purity
           ,
           and
           extirpating
           Popery
           out
           of
           the
           3.
           
           Kingdoms
           :
           at
           this
           time
           the
           Popes
           Politicians
           were
           got
           into
           the
           Parl
           :
           Army
           ,
           under
           the
           name
           of
           Independents
           ,
           from
           which
           the
           King
           fled
           to
           the
           
             Scots
             .
          
        
         
           The
           King
           being
           fallen
           into
           the
           Covenanters
           hands
           ,
           viz.
           the
           Scottish
           Army
           ,
           the
           Parl
           :
           made
           speedy
           and
           seasonable
           applications
           to
           him
           at
           Newcastle
           ,
           offering
           to
           him
           Articles
           of
           agreement
           ,
           which
           news
           was
           forthwith
           carried
           to
           Rome
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           Pope
           and
           the
           Conclave
           of
           Rome
           were
           inforced
           to
           look
           about
           ,
           and
           change
           their
           designes
           ,
           projecting
           new
           wayes
           by
           contrary
           proceedings
           to
           effect
           one
           and
           the
           same
           end
           ;
           for
           whereas
           they
           had
           given
           order
           to
           the
           Catholiques
           in
           Ireland
           before
           to
           yield
           all
           assistance
           to
           the
           King
           against
           the
           Parl
           Seeing
           now
           the
           King
           was
           under
           the
           Parl
           :
           power
           ,
           least
           he
           and
           his
           Parl
           :
           should
           agree
           ,
           and
           so
           England
           and
           Ireland
           be
           lost
           ,
           the
           Pope
           played
           aforehand
           game
           ,
           sending
           his
           Army
           into
           Ireland
           ,
           commanding
           at
           this
           time
           all
           the
           Cathol
           quests
           renounce
           their
           allegiance
           to
           the
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           from
           that
           day
           forward
           the
           Pope
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Romish
           Politicians
           projected
           how
           to
           destroy
           both
           King
           and
           Parl
           :
           and
           destroy
           the
           Reformation
           by
           the
           Covenanters
           ,
           so
           far
           carried
           on
           both
           in
           England
           and
           Scotland
           .
        
         
         
           The
           task
           was
           hard
           at
           first
           view
           ;
           to
           destroy
           a
           Religious
           Parliament
           ,
           a
           victorious
           Army
           ,
           and
           an
           able
           ,
           pious
           ,
           and
           zealous
           Clergy
           ,
           was
           no
           small
           piece
           of
           work
           .
           The
           Romish
           politicions
           therefore
           were
           inforced
           to
           fly
           to
           their
           last
           refuge
           of
           Hypocrisie
           and
           lies
           ,
           and
           like
           
             Euphrates
          
           Frog
           ,
           to
           change
           both
           shape
           and
           colour
           ,
           using
           the
           violent
           motion
           of
           Frogs
           from
           one
           extream
           to
           another
           ,
           from
           the
           extream
           of
           Tyranny
           ,
           to
           the
           extream
           of
           
             Anarchy
             ;
          
           from
           the
           extream
           of
           holy
           Orders
           to
           the
           extream
           of
           no
           ordination
           .
           In
           plain
           tearms
           the
           Pope
           and
           his
           Counsel
           perceiving
           there
           was
           no
           probable
           way
           to
           get
           a
           Toleration
           for
           Catholicks
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           if
           the
           King
           ,
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           agreed
           ;
           consulted
           how
           to
           throw
           down
           King
           ,
           Lord
           and
           Commons
           ,
           and
           Assembly
           of
           Divines
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Protestant
           Ministery
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           chief
           Engines
           to
           effect
           this
           might
           be
           placed
           here
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           have
           sure
           footing
           free
           from
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Magistrates
           corrective
           and
           coercive
           power
           ;
           Independency
           was
           set
           up
           which
           five
           valiant
           Champions
           of
           the
           Popes
           had
           defended
           in
           the
           Assembly
           as
           long
           as
           they
           could
           ;
           and
           being
           there
           able
           to
           stand
           against
           truth
           no
           longer
           ,
           like
           Serpents
           hissed
           for
           all
           the
           viperous
           brood
           of
           Sectarious
           blasphemers
           ,
           or
           any
           Sect
           to
           creep
           into
           their
           bellies
           .
           Hereby
           Independencie
           that
           bottomlesse
           pit
           ,
           and
           Independent
           congregations
           ,
           (
           the
           very
           plot
           designed
           to
           destroy
           Religion
           in
           the
           Nethetlands
           by
           the
           Pope
           ,
           first
           enacted
           there
           by
           
             Hugh
             Peters
          
           the
           Popes
           hyerling
           )
           became
           as
           so
           many
           nurceries
           of
           Jesuite
           :
           and
           Popish
           Priests
           ,
           and
           so
           many
           dens
           of
           Theeves
           ;
           where
           they
           framed
           all
           their
           picklocks
           opinions
           and
           devilish
           destructive
           instruments
           to
           ruin
           the
           Magistracy
           and
           the
           Ministery
           .
           For
           the
           propagating
           and
           facilitating
           of
           this
           design
           ,
           the
           chief
           of
           the
           Romish
           Politicians
           in
           Europe
           were
           sent
           to
           England
           ,
           where
           they
           all
           went
           under
           the
           name
           of
           dissenting
           brethren
           ,
           Independents
           ,
           tender
           consciens-men
           ,
           and
           great
           Enemies
           to
           Antichrist
           ,
           crying
           ,
           down
           with
           Antichrist
           ,
           calling
           the
           Pope
           Anti-Christ
           ;
           not
           that
           they
           thought
           so
           but
           that
           they
           might
           hereby
           carry
           an
           their
           design
           of
           throwing
           down
           the
           protestant
           Ministery
           undiscovered
           for
           this
           to
           this
           day
           is
           their
           great
           and
           chief
           argument
           The
           Pope
           is
           Anti-christ
           (
           that
           's
           true
           Antichrist
           making
           Bishops
           ,
           Bishops
           are
           Antichristian
           ,
           (
           that
           in
           some
           sortis
           true
           also
           )
        
         
           Antichristian
           Bishops
           making
           and
           ordaining
           Ministers
           ,
           Ministers
           of
           England
           ,
           are
           Antichristians
           .
           Ergo
           down
           with
           the
           Ministery
           of
           England
           ,
           down
           with
           these
           black-coats
           ,
           down
           with
           Baals
           Priests
           ,
           down
           with
           them
           ,
           there
           is
           the
           design
           ,
           and
           there
           is
           the
           end
           of
           all
           .
           They
           onely
           use
           the
           Argument
           to
           put
           in
           practice
           the
           conclusion
           ;
           they
           that
           presse
           the
           Argument
           ,
           and
           first
           framed
           it
           ,
           were
           far
           from
           thinking
           the
           Pope
           to
           be
           Antichrist
           ,
           or
           Prelatical
           Bishop
           ,
           eithe
           ;
           onely
           it
           was
           framed
           to
           destroy
           the
           Covenanteeres
           Ministery
           ,
           who
           abhor
           the
           Pope
           ,
           and
           long
           since
           renounced
           him
           and
           his
           adherents
           .
        
         
           If
           it
           be
           well
           observed
           ,
           Indepency
           was
           but
           the
           wooden
           horse
           with
           a
           thousand
           Heresies
           in
           his
           belly
           ,
           brought
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           by
           the
           Romish
           Politicians
           ,
           and
           let
           forth
           as
           so
           many
           furies
           to
           sly
           in
           the
           face
           of
           the
           reformed
           Religion
           .
           For
           he
           that
           views
           the
           Heresies
           of
           late
           sprung
           up
           amongst
           us
           ,
           cannot
           but
           see
           that
           against
           every
           one
           of
           the
           Assemblies
           ,
           33.
           
           Articles
           they
           raised
           contrary
           Heresies
           ;
           and
           could
           the
           silly
           English
           Sectarians
           of
           their
           own
           heads
           without
           the
           help
           of
           Jesuits
           and
           Romish
           Casuists
           do
           all
           this
           ?
           't
           is
           folly
           to
           think
           it
           .
           The
           late
           Heretical
           Arguments
           are
           taken
           out
           of
           Cas●sts
           ;
           how
           subtilly
           did
           they
           devise
           liberty
           of
           conscience
           meerly
           to
           get
           free
           from
           the
           Magistrate
           ,
           and
           
           how
           vehemently
           did
           they
           preach
           peace
           ,
           for
           love
           ,
           and
           meeknesse
           ,
           and
           admonishing
           on
           ,
           e
           another
           in
           love
           ,
           and
           being
           tender
           of
           giving
           offence
           to
           tender
           cousciences
           ;
           whereas
           we
           plainly
           see
           they
           had
           war
           and
           murther
           and
           malice
           in
           their
           hearts
           ,
           onely
           thereby
           they
           Iull'd
           asleep
           secure
           and
           bleer-eyed
           Protestants
           who
           suffered
           these
           cheates
           to
           pick
           their
           pockets
           ,
           while
           they
           heard
           them
           cry
           Gentlemen
           look
           to
           your
           purses
           ;
           they
           cried
           out
           beware
           of
           Antichrist
           ,
           who
           brough
           him
           in
           ,
           &
           be
           good
           to
           tender
           consciences
           while
           they
           carried
           under
           their
           sheeps
           cloathing
           the
           wolves
           teeth
           to
           wound
           tender
           consciences
           withall
           .
        
         
           To
           tell
           how
           these
           subtilly
           crept
           into
           the
           Army
           ,
           who
           nourished
           and
           upheld
           them
           there
           would
           be
           too
           tedious
           .
           Our
           end
           i●
           ,
           to
           shew
           that
           the
           setting
           up
           of
           Indepency
           was
           the
           Popes
           design
           to
           throw
           down
           the
           Covenanting
           party
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           opposed
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           .
           Out
           of
           this
           bottomlesse
           pit
           came
           all
           that
           party
           which
           first
           taught
           Rebellion
           against
           the
           higher
           powers
           ,
           from
           the
           dens
           of
           Independensie
           arose
           that
           party
           that
           lest
           off
           the
           Covenant
           ,
           professed
           open
           hatred
           to
           it
           and
           them
           that
           took
           it
           with
           an
           intent
           to
           keep
           it
           .
        
         
           That
           party
           that
           raised
           those
           Heresies
           against
           the
           true
           Religion
           ,
           having
           now
           got
           power
           put
           them
           in
           practice
           against
           true
           Religion
           They
           that
           held
           the
           opinion
           of
           being
           free
           from
           Magistracie
           under
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           now
           made
           themselves
           free
           .
           They
           that
           held
           Magistrates
           Tyran's
           ,
           ●ow
           having
           got
           power
           used
           them
           as
           Tyrants
           ;
           these
           guifted
           brethren
           wete
           now
           high
           in
           the
           Army
           .
        
         
           The
           chief
           men
           that
           were
           aimed
           ,
           at
           were
           those
           that
           stood
           most
           stoutly
           to
           their
           Covena●t
        
         
           The
           chief
           Protestants
           both
           in
           the
           House
           of
           Lords
           ,
           the
           House
           of
           Common
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           C●●●
           of
           London
           ,
           were
           the
           men
           shot
           at
           ,
           impeached
           ,
           imprisoned
           ,
           persecuted
           ,
           banished
           ,
           and
           some
           (
           't
           is
           to
           be
           feared
           )
           poisoned
           .
        
         
           This
           party
           laid
           hold
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           imprisoned
           him
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           two
           Houses
           of
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           sate
           freely
           ,
           and
           voted
           a
           Treaty
           with
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           King
           had
           agreed
           to
           extirpate
           Popery
           ,
           and
           establish
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           in
           his
           three
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           to
           fettle
           Church-Government
           according
           to
           the
           primitive
           constitution
           ;
           and
           when
           upon
           a
           free
           and
           serious
           debate
           the
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           voted
           the
           concessions
           of
           the
           King
           to
           be
           a
           ground
           for
           them
           to
           proceed
           upon
           to
           settle
           the
           peace
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           then
           ,
           even
           then
           ,
           this
           party
           against
           the
           Votes
           of
           the
           Supream
           Authority
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           and
           against
           their
           allegiance
           violently
           rushed
           in
           upon
           the
           houses
           pulled
           out
           and
           restrained
           one
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           ,
           imprisoned
           the
           chief
           Protestants
           ,
           and
           ablest
           States-men
           who
           were
           most
           violent
           against
           the
           Papists
           .
        
         
         
           and
           left
           only
           a
           party
           remaining
           in
           the
           lower
           House
           ,
           such
           as
           themselves
           best
           liked
           of
           ;
           this
           party
           seized
           on
           the
           King
           ,
           caused
           him
           to
           be
           publiquely
           arraigned
           ,
           and
           at
           his
           own
           door
           at
           Noon
           in
           the
           view
           of
           all
           the
           people
           cut
           off
           his
           Head
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           the
           only
           Protestant
           King
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           only
           because
           he
           resolved
           to
           root
           out
           Popery
           ,
           and
           establish
           true
           Religion
           according
           to
           the
           Covenant
           .
        
         
           Since
           which
           time
           the
           same
           party
           having
           rid
           their
           hands
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Magistracy
           ,
           have
           oft
           printed
           Books
           against
           the
           Calling
           of
           the
           English
           Ministry
           ,
           which
           Books
           have
           been
           printed
           by
           Authority
           ,
           licensed
           ,
           and
           frequently
           taught
           and
           scattered
           amongst
           the
           people
           .
        
         
           And
           they
           have
           again
           and
           again
           petitioned
           that
           Power
           which
           they
           set
           up
           ,
           if
           not
           to
           pull
           down
           Ministry
           ,
           States
           Preachers
           (
           as
           they
           call
           them
           )
           to
           take
           away
           their
           Estates
           ,
           their
           Tythes
           and
           Livings
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           and
           their
           families
           subsist
           ;
           and
           how
           far
           they
           have
           proceeded
           in
           
             England
          
           and
           
             Wales
          
           to
           ruine
           the
           Covenanters
           Ministry
           ,
           all
           the
           world
           may
           see
           .
           But
           the
           chief
           Politicians
           amongst
           them
           conceiving
           that
           Design
           to
           be
           too
           short
           to
           reach
           all
           the
           Protestant
           Ministry
           ,
           as
           the
           Heads
           of
           Colledges
           ,
           and
           such
           men
           ,
           and
           being
           well
           assured
           by
           taking
           away
           Tythes
           they
           shall
           prejudice
           their
           own
           party
           equal
           with
           others
           ,
           have
           pitched
           upon
           a
           more
           Politick
           Design
           for
           the
           extirpation
           of
           the
           Covenanters
           ,
           which
           is
           by
           framing
           a
           contrary
           Oath
           to
           the
           Covenant
           ,
           and
           imposing
           it
           upon
           the
           Ministry
           ;
           hereby
           their
           own
           party
           escape
           the
           snare
           ,
           and
           only
           the
           Godly
           ,
           Faithful
           ,
           Loyal
           and
           Orthodox
           Ministers
           are
           taken
           ;
           they
           have
           taken
           their
           Tythes
           from
           them
           ,
           silenced
           some
           ,
           thrust
           out
           of
           their
           Livings
           many
           ,
           banished
           others
           ,
           imprisoned
           o●hers
           ,
           outlawed
           all
           the
           Covenanters
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           have
           resolved
           to
           turn
           them
           this
           Winter
           out
           of
           all
           Cities
           ,
           Towns
           and
           Corporations
           .
           Thus
           far
           have
           they
           proceeded
           by
           this
           Popish
           Engine
           to
           destroy
           the
           Protestants
           .
        
         
           This
           New
           Oath
           (
           so
           far
           as
           we
           can
           perceive
           )
           is
           a
           meer
           Design
           to
           destroy
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           to
           destroy
           the
           Army
           ,
           to
           destroy
           the
           Ministery
           and
           the
           Kingdome
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           Mr.
           
             Lilburn
          
           seemeth
           rationally
           to
           prove
           that
           this
           new
           oath
           or
           ingagement
           cannot
           be
           intended
           to
           uphold
           the
           present
           power
           that
           inforceth
           the
           taking
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           to
           maintain
           the
           Liberties
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           whose
           just
           Liberties
           and
           Ancient
           customes
           they
           confound
           ,
           and
           therefore
           by
           that
           ingagement
           men
           (
           say
           that
           party
           justly
           )
           are
           bound
           not
           to
           establish
           but
           to
           pull
           down
           any
           usurped
           power
           over
           the
           people
           .
        
         
           2
           ,
           If
           Mr
           
             Lilburn
          
           who
           is
           a
           man
           very
           popular
           in
           the
           Kingdome
           ,
           having
           alwayes
           been
           a
           publick
           sufferer
           ,
           should
           (
           as
           he
           conceives
           himself
           bound
           by
           that
           Engagement
           )
           gather
           of
           Gentlemen
           Souldiers
           and
           other
           Commoners
           and
           free-born
           People
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           a
           considerable
           Party
           to
           remove
           those
           out
           of
           the
           way
           ,
           whom
           he
           and
           his
           party
           conceive
           are
           Tyrannical
           ,
           and
           Opposers
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           stead
           erect
           another
           Party
           ,
           who
           are
           the
           true
           chosen
           Representatives
           of
           the
           People
           ;
           whether
           he
           may
           not
           justly
           tax
           all
           the
           Engagers
           that
           resist
           him
           ,
           as
           Covenant-breakers
           ,
           and
           proceed
           against
           them
           accordingly
           ;
           and
           so
           consequently
           whether
           this
           doth
           not
           open
           a
           gap
           ,
           and
           a
           wide
           one
           ,
           to
           set
           up
           whom
           the
           People
           shall
           choose
           
           above
           the
           present
           House
           sitting
           and
           Engagement
           ;
           to
           be
           Assistants
           in
           such
           Parliament
           confounding
           Acts
           ,
           as
           't
           is
           declared
           :
        
         
           2.
           
           
             As
             it
             is
             destructive
             to
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             so
             likewise
             to
             the
             Army
             ;
             For
             saith
             one
             part
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
          
           The
           present
           Government
           is
           by
           Representatives
           of
           the
           peoples
           choosing
           .
           
             Saith
             another
             part
             ,
          
           The
           present
           Government
           is
           by
           that
           Party
           in
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           ,
           who
           invited
           us
           to
           the
           City
           to
           pull
           down
           the
           King
           ,
           Lords
           ,
           and
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Commons
           ,
           and
           by
           our
           Power
           enabled
           to
           make
           Acts
           ,
           and
           enforce
           the
           Kingdom
           to
           obey
           them
           .
           
             Saith
             another
             part
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
          
           The
           present
           Government
           is
           the
           Councel
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           the
           Councel
           of
           War
           ,
           for
           that
           party
           in
           the
           House
           were
           not
           of
           our
           setting
           up
           ,
           only
           we
           suffured
           them
           to
           sit
           there
           ,
           and
           the
           Councel
           of
           war
           commanded
           them
           to
           act
           what
           they
           did
           ;
           therefore
           the
           Councel
           of
           War
           ,
           with
           the
           Councel
           of
           State
           ,
           erected
           by
           us
           ;
           are
           the
           present
           Government
           .
           Whether
           all
           these
           several
           Parties
           (
           especially
           if
           there
           should
           be
           clashing
           betwixt
           them
           )
           may
           not
           by
           this
           Engagement
           conceive
           themselves
           in
           Conscience
           bound
           to
           maintain
           their
           several
           Parties
           as
           the
           present
           Government
           without
           King
           or
           Lords
           ?
           And
           thus
           't
           is
           likely
           to
           prove
           destructive
           to
           the
           Army
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           'T
           is
           absolutely
           destructive
           to
           the
           Protestant
           Ministry
           ,
           and
           the
           sound
           Protestants
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           For
           it
           makes
           them
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           all
           the
           people
           in
           the
           world
           guilty
           of
           the
           horrible
           and
           Jesuitical
           Designs
           and
           Practises
           of
           the
           cutting
           off
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           the
           throwing
           down
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Lords
           ,
           and
           excluding
           of
           the
           Covenant
           keeping
           Protestants
           ;
           for
           by
           subscribing
           that
           Engagement
           ,
           they
           testifie
           to
           God
           and
           the
           world
           ,
           that
           they
           approve
           of
           all
           that
           they
           have
           done
           ,
           (
           as
           they
           say
           .
           )
        
         
           2.
           
           They
           make
           themselves
           guilty
           of
           horrible
           Perjury
           ;
           for
           they
           did
           swear
           Allegiance
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           his
           Heirs
           and
           Successors
           ,
           to
           defend
           them
           against
           all
           Attemps
           and
           Conspiracies
           whatsoever
           ;
           Now
           this
           is
           directly
           to
           conspire
           the
           extirpation
           of
           the
           Kings
           Posterity
           .
           2.
           
           The
           Protestation
           is
           against
           it
           .
           3.
           
           Their
           Covenant
           directly
           opposeth
           the
           Engagement
           ;
           For
           therein
           they
           engaged
           to
           maintain
           the
           King
           ,
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           ;
           and
           in
           this
           Engagement
           they
           engage
           to
           they
           know
           not
           what
           ,
           without
           King
           and
           Lords
           :
           So
           that
           if
           they
           engage
           ,
           they
           in
           their
           Consciences
           pull
           the
           guilt
           of
           Murther
           ,
           Treason
           ,
           and
           other
           foul
           Facts
           upon
           their
           head●
           ,
           and
           forswear
           themselves
           ;
           Or
           if
           they
           do
           not
           engage
           ,
           they
           are
           it
           seems
           to
           be
           stripe
           of
           their
           Estates
           ,
           protection
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           and
           lies
           at
           the
           mercy
           of
           every
           Villain
           .
           So
           that
           't
           is
           absolutely
           destructive
           to
           the
           Ministry
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           may
           be
           said
           of
           the
           Protestants
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           Oaths
           (
           say
           the
           Caseists
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Divines
           )
           ought
           to
           be
           plain
           and
           clear
           ,
           without
           equivocal
           terms
           or
           doubtful
           expression
           ;
           For
           every
           Oath
           or
           Engagement
           is
           given
           and
           taken
           ,
           to
           oblige
           the
           party
           that
           takes
           it
           to
           the
           performance
           of
           what
           he
           swore
           unto
           .
           Now
           every
           wise
           man
           in
           taking
           an
           Oath
           proposeth
           first
           these
           two
           things
           .
           1.
           
           Who
           imposeth
           it
           .
           2.
           
           What
           it
           is
           that
           is
           imposed
           .
        
         
           For
           that
           's
           certain
           ,
           an
           unlawful
           or
           usurped
           Power
           cannot
           impose
           an
           Oath
           ;
           it
           is
           lawful
           Authority
           must
           impose
           it
           ,
           otherwise
           the
           Oath
           (
           though
           good
           )
           may
           justly
           be
           refused
           ,
           As
           the
           Gun-powder
           Traytors
           ,
           had
           their
           
           Design
           taken
           effect
           ,
           they
           had
           got
           into
           the
           Throne
           ,
           and
           imposed
           an
           Oath
           (
           though
           lawful
           in
           it self
           )
           upon
           the
           Barons
           ,
           Knights
           ,
           Citizens
           ,
           Gentry
           ,
           and
           Commons
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           yet
           it
           would
           doubtless
           and
           ought
           to
           be
           rejected
           by
           them
           ,
           because
           the
           Authority
           was
           imposed
           which
           usurped
           it
           .
           This
           must
           needs
           be
           so
           ,
           for
           otherwise
           a
           Master
           ,
           if
           over-powered
           by
           his
           servants
           ,
           is
           bound
           to
           take
           and
           submit
           to
           such
           an
           Oath
           as
           his
           servant
           shall
           impose
           ,
           which
           would
           soon
           set
           Beggers
           on
           horse-back
           ,
           and
           make
           all
           men
           of
           Honor
           and
           Wealth
           perpetual
           slaves
           ;
           but
           greater
           confusion
           then
           this
           there
           can
           not
           be
           in
           Hell
           ,
           for
           't
           is
           Confusion
           bottomless
           and
           unfadomable
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           What
           it
           is
           that
           is
           imposed
           ?
           that
           must
           be
           inquired
           into
           ,
           for
           no
           man
           of
           conscience
           or
           honour
           ,
           or
           the
           least
           degree
           of
           wit
           ,
           but
           will
           inquire
           what
           it
           is
           that
           he
           takes
           before
           he
           take
           it
           ,
           he
           will
           not
           take
           it
           first
           and
           enquire
           afterwards
           what
           it
           means
           ,
           that
           's
           forbidden
           by
           
             Solomon
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           that
           men
           may
           understand
           what
           they
           ingage
           or
           swear
           unto
           ,
           the
           words
           ought
           to
           be
           simple
           ,
           cleer
           ,
           and
           plain
           ,
           that
           men
           may
           understand
           them
           ;
           For
           
             juramentum
             obligat
             lecundum
             intentionem
             jurantis
             sine
             d●●●
             alias
             secundum
             secundarium
             intellectum
             ejus
             cui
             juratur
             ,
          
           saith
           
             Aquinas
             .
          
           Now
           if
           there
           be
           
             Amphibolas
             ,
          
           equivocal
           terms
           and
           obscurities
           in
           an
           Oath
           ,
           how
           can
           it
           possibly
           be
           but
           there
           must
           be
           errors
           either
           in
           him
           that
           gives
           it
           ,
           or
           he
           that
           takes
           it
           ,
           or
           both
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           this
           Engagement
           indeed
           it
           is
           politiquely
           gilded
           like
           a
           poysoned
           Pill
           ,
           with
           as
           much
           subtilty
           and
           craft
           to
           induce
           people
           to
           take
           it
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           for
           they
           call
           it
           
             An
             Engagement
             ,
          
           not
           an
           Oath
           ,
           for
           then
           they
           supposed
           people
           would
           scruple
           it
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           only
           subscribing
           to
           two
           or
           three
           words
           ,
           and
           there
           's
           an
           end
           ;
           this
           is
           no
           great
           matter
           with
           Atheists
           ,
           Apostates
           ,
           Schismaticks
           ,
           Lovers
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           Haters
           of
           God
           and
           Goodness
           ;
           but
           they
           that
           are
           wise
           ,
           sober-minded
           ,
           and
           conscientious
           ▪
           As
           they
           two
           well
           know
           what
           Authority
           imposeth
           it
           ,
           so
           they
           cannot
           possibly
           see
           what
           is
           inintended
           in
           it
           ,
           nor
           what
           to
           make
           of
           it
           .
           He
           that
           seriously
           views
           it
           ,
           will
           positively
           conclude
           ,
           there
           was
           never
           such
           a
           little
           big-belly'd
           viporous
           Monster
           seen
           in
           the
           world
           before
           ,
           to
           have
           so
           many
           Engines
           within
           so
           small
           a
           compass
           ,
           to
           teer
           in
           pieces
           all
           parties
           that
           engage
           in
           it
           .
        
         
           We
           'l
           spread
           it
           to
           the
           eye
           of
           the
           world
           .
        
         
           I.
           
             A.
             B.
          
           do
           promise
           and
           declare
           that
           I
           will
           be
           true
           and
           faithful
           to
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           
             England
          
           as
           it
           is
           now
           established
           ,
           without
           a
           King
           and
           House
           of
           Lords
           .
        
         
           Within
           this
           little
           Circumference
           of
           words
           there
           are
           no
           less
           then
           two
           and
           twenty
           Doubts
           to
           be
           resolved
           ,
           and
           necessary
           Queries
           to
           be
           answered
           ,
           before
           this
           .
           Engagement
           can
           be
           taken
           by
           any
           man
           of
           Honour
           or
           Conscience
           ,
           
             Viz.
             
          
        
         
           1
           
             Quere
             .
          
           What
           is
           the
           meaning
           of
           the
           word
           
             [
             Common-wealth
             ?
             ]
          
           Whether
           is
           it
           meant
           in
           the
           primary
           proper
           sence
           ,
           for
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           or
           for
           the
           common
           good
           of
           that
           Body
           ?
           Or
           whether
           in
           the
           secundary
           borrowed
           sence
           ,
           for
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Representative
           ?
        
         
           2.
           
           Whether
           (
           if
           it
           be
           meant
           in
           the
           latter
           sence
           )
           by
           
             Common-wealth
          
           be
           meant
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           or
           a
           House
           of
           Commons
           ,
           chosen
           as
           formerly
           ?
           or
           
           by
           any
           other
           way
           ,
           and
           how
           ?
           Or
           whether
           the
           thing
           be
           changed
           with
           the
           name
           ?
        
         
           3.
           
           Whether
           it
           be
           only
           an
           exclusive
           Engagement
           ,
           as
           being
           against
           King
           and
           Lords
           ,
           without
           including
           any
           Government
           in
           their
           stead
           to
           which
           we
           engage
           ?
        
         
           4.
           
           Is
           the
           meaning
           ,
           that
           we
           shall
           be
           true
           and
           faithful
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           whiles
           King
           and
           Lords
           are
           excluded
           ?
           Or
           that
           we
           shall
           endeavor
           also
           to
           continue
           their
           exclusion
           ?
           And
           so
           whether
           he
           that
           endeavoreth
           their
           restoring
           ,
           or
           he
           that
           hinders
           it
           not
           ,
           do
           break
           the
           Engagement
           ,
           though
           he
           be
           faithful
           to
           the
           Commonwealth
           while
           they
           are
           absent
           ?
        
         
           5.
           
           If
           the
           present
           Government
           should
           be
           overthrown
           ,
           and
           King
           and
           Lords
           set
           vp
           ,
           whether
           doth
           he
           break
           this
           Engagement
           who
           shall
           be
           faithful
           to
           them
           ,
           or
           that
           shall
           swear
           or
           engage
           for
           them
           against
           the
           present
           Government
           ?
        
         
           6.
           
           If
           by
           
             Commonwealth
          
           be
           meant
           the
           present
           Government
           (
           as
           the
           words
           
             [
             Now
             Established
             ]
          
           would
           make
           us
           think
           it
           is
           )
           then
           what
           is
           it
           that
           is
           established
           ?
           whether
           an
           intire
           House
           of
           Commons
           ,
           or
           not
           intire
           ?
           whether
           only
           the
           present
           House
           ,
           or
           all
           future
           ,
           or
           any
           future
           ?
           Whether
           this
           House
           to
           be
           perpetuated
           ?
           or
           if
           not
           ,
           whether
           to
           continue
           till
           they
           voluntarily
           dissolve
           ,
           which
           we
           know
           not
           whether
           it
           will
           be
           perpetuated
           or
           not
           ,
           and
           consequently
           ,
           whether
           we
           engage
           to
           any
           succeeding
           Parliament
           or
           not
           ?
           Or
           if
           they
           dissolve
           ,
           whether
           the
           next
           must
           be
           annual
           or
           triennial
           ,
           or
           of
           duration
           of
           their
           own
           pleasure
           as
           this
           ?
           or
           whether
           chosen
           as
           formerly
           ?
           or
           how
           ?
        
         
           7.
           
           Whether
           the
           meaning
           of
           the
           word
           (
           
             As
          
           )
           be
           to
           engage
           us
           to
           endeavor
           that
           all
           future
           Parliaments
           shall
           be
           established
           in
           the
           same
           course
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           same
           means
           as
           this
           hath
           been
           ?
        
         
           8.
           
           Whether
           the
           word
           (
           
             Now
          
           )
           have
           reference
           to
           the
           first
           Calling
           of
           this
           House
           of
           Commons
           ,
           or
           to
           any
           alteration
           since
           made
           ?
           And
           if
           so
           ,
           by
           whom
           ?
           and
           when
           ?
           and
           by
           what
           Authority
           was
           that
           change
           made
           ?
        
         
           9.
           
           What
           's
           meant
           by
           (
           
             true
             and
             faithful
             ,
          
           )
           whether
           only
           to
           do
           them
           no
           wrong
           ,
           or
           not
           to
           be
           perfidious
           ?
           or
           else
           to
           obey
           them
           ?
           or
           further
           to
           engage
           and
           hazard
           our
           estates
           and
           lives
           on
           their
           behalf
           ,
           or
           how
           far
           ?
        
         
           10.
           
           And
           so
           if
           King
           and
           Lords
           should
           raise
           an
           Army
           to
           recover
           their
           Authority
           ,
           whether
           he
           that
           refuseth
           to
           fight
           against
           them
           do
           break
           his
           Engagement
           ?
        
         
           11.
           
           Seeing
           the
           people
           are
           judged
           the
           Supream
           Power
           (
           as
           it
           is
           acknowledged
           by
           the
           present
           House
           )
           do
           they
           hereby
           engage
           to
           their
           Representers
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           present
           Authority
           ,
           as
           their
           Supreriors
           or
           Rulers
           ?
           and
           so
           give
           away
           their
           Supremacy
           ?
           or
           is
           it
           so
           natural
           to
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           give
           it
           away
           ?
           (
           which
           else
           would
           have
           been
           done
           heretofore
           ;
           )
           Or
           do
           they
           engage
           to
           them
           only
           as
           their
           Trustees
           or
           Servants
           ?
           
             viz.
          
           That
           they
           will
           defend
           them
           in
           the
           work
           that
           they
           set
           them
           about
           ?
        
         
           12.
           
           Whether
           if
           an
           Army
           ,
           or
           any
           powerful
           Company
           ,
           should
           seize
           on
           the
           present
           House
           of
           Comons
           ,
           or
           the
           greater
           part
           ,
           &
           should
           imprison
           ,
           exclude
           ,
           or
           hang
           them
           up
           at
           Tybarn
           ,
           are
           the
           people
           bound
           by
           this
           Engagement
           
           to
           rise
           for
           their
           Defence
           ,
           and
           make
           War
           against
           these
           Invaders
           ?
        
         
           13.
           
           If
           this
           Parliament
           or
           any
           hereafter
           should
           endeavor
           to
           perpetuate
           themselves
           ,
           and
           so
           prevent
           our
           having
           any
           more
           free
           Elections
           ,
           whether
           do
           we
           hereby
           engage
           to
           be
           true
           to
           them
           ;
           or
           if
           we
           endeavor
           to
           dissolve
           them
           ,
           do
           we
           break
           this
           Engagement
           ?
        
         
           14.
           
           Doth
           this
           Engagement
           take
           away
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           next
           Parliament
           ?
           And
           if
           they
           when
           they
           meet
           and
           sit
           restore
           King
           and
           Lords
           ,
           which
           now
           are
           thrown
           down
           ,
           do
           they
           break
           this
           Engagement
           ?
        
         
           15.
           
           If
           this
           next
           Parliament
           shall
           so
           re-establish
           King
           and
           Lords
           ,
           and
           will
           not
           rule
           without
           them
           ,
           must
           we
           resist
           all
           ,
           and
           be
           without
           any
           Government
           ?
           or
           must
           we
           endeavor
           to
           choose
           a
           new
           
             Parliament
             ?
          
           and
           if
           they
           do
           the
           like
           ,
           what
           must
           we
           do
           ?
        
         
           16.
           
           If
           the
           present
           House
           shall
           again
           change
           their
           Judgments
           ,
           and
           set
           up
           King
           and
           Lords
           ,
           or
           require
           us
           to
           swear
           to
           them
           ,
           must
           we
           obey
           or
           resist
           them
           ?
        
         
           17.
           
           If
           this
           Army
           by
           observing
           that
           there
           is
           no
           Government
           but
           Monarchy
           ,
           or
           one
           Insupremacy
           in
           all
           the
           Bible
           mentioned
           ,
           or
           by
           reading
           that
           (
           
             For
             the
             sins
             of
             people
             many
             are
             thy
             Rulers
             ,
          
           )
           or
           by
           the
           experience
           of
           new
           divisions
           and
           parties
           in
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           breeding
           distempers
           in
           Government
           ,
           or
           by
           being
           won
           over
           by
           the
           prevalency
           or
           flattery
           of
           some
           one
           single
           person
           ,
           whose
           deserts
           and
           worth
           they
           conceive
           is
           such
           ,
           as
           they
           resolve
           to
           make
           him
           sole
           Governor
           ,
           and
           so
           set
           up
           Monarchy
           again
           ,
           whether
           we
           are
           bound
           by
           this
           Engagement
           to
           resist
           them
           ?
        
         
           18.
           
           Do
           we
           engage
           to
           the
           present
           Power
           absolutely
           or
           conditionally
           ?
           If
           this
           or
           any
           other
           
             Representative
          
           shall
           Tyrannize
           and
           invade
           the
           peoples
           Estates
           ,
           or
           take
           away
           propriety
           (
           which
           are
           things
           that
           cannot
           be
           
             authoritative
             acts
             ,
          
           because
           the
           people
           having
           no
           such
           power
           themselves
           ,
           cannot
           give
           it
           to
           others
           ,
           seeing
           there
           is
           no
           power
           but
           what
           's
           derived
           from
           Gods
           ,
           who
           hath
           given
           none
           to
           do
           evil
           ,
           )
           are
           we
           in
           this
           case
           bound
           to
           continue
           our
           faithfulness
           ?
        
         
           19.
           
           If
           the
           people
           shall
           find
           that
           this
           present
           House
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           hereafter
           ,
           hath
           forfeited
           their
           Trust
           ,
           or
           been
           guilty
           of
           the
           fore mentioned
           Crimes
           ,
           may
           they
           not
           recall
           that
           their
           Trust
           ,
           and
           exclude
           them
           from
           Government
           ?
        
         
           20.
           
           Or
           if
           any
           of
           us
           be
           members
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           the
           said
           Army
           shall
           hereafter
           judg
           that
           this
           House
           hath
           been
           so
           guilty
           ,
           and
           shall
           exclude
           some
           ,
           and
           banish
           others
           ,
           and
           behead
           others
           (
           for
           so
           the
           Powers
           as
           now
           established
           stand
           )
           and
           so
           we
           understand
           
             [
             as
             now
             established
             ,
             ]
          
           do
           we
           break
           the
           Engagement
           if
           we
           joyn
           with
           the
           Army
           in
           so
           doing
           ,
           or
           should
           we
           resist
           them
           ?
        
         
           21.
           
           If
           this
           minor
           part
           of
           this
           present
           House
           ,
           or
           any
           succeeding
           ,
           shall
           judg
           that
           the
           whole
           is
           in
           danger
           by
           a
           corrupt
           majority
           ,
           and
           (
           having
           strength
           thereunto
           )
           shall
           exclude
           them
           ,
           do
           they
           break
           the
           Engagement
           or
           we
           ,
           if
           we
           further
           them
           in
           it
           ?
        
         
         
           22.
           
           If
           one
           part
           of
           the
           People
           or
           Army
           shall
           judg
           that
           this
           or
           any
           future
           Representative
           hath
           been
           this
           Trust
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           part
           judg
           otherwise
           ,
           which
           must
           we
           adhere
           to
           according
           to
           this
           Engagement
           ?
        
         
           When
           the
           Authors
           of
           this
           Engagement
           shall
           clearly
           and
           fully
           resolve
           these
           Doubts
           ,
           and
           give
           national
           and
           satisfactory
           Answer
           to
           these
           Queries
           ,
           they
           will
           in
           great
           measure
           satisfie
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           at
           leastwise
           the
           more
           rational
           part
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           much
           more
           dispose
           them
           to
           engage
           for
           the
           good
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           until
           then
           ,
           we
           could
           heartily
           wish
           that
           Mr
           
             Dury
             ,
          
           and
           such
           vain
           Bablers
           (
           who
           most
           grosly
           abuse
           and
           misapply
           Scripture
           ,
           and
           other
           Moral
           Rules
           )
           might
           be
           refrained
           from
           vometing
           up
           in
           the
           publique
           view
           such
           indigested
           Crudities
           ,
           to
           the
           scandal
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           ,
           and
           reproach
           of
           the
           Protestants
           throughout
           the
           world
           .
        
         
           We
           do
           profess
           ,
           when
           the
           lawfulness
           of
           the
           Authority
           that
           imposeth
           it
           shall
           be
           made
           out
           clear
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           our
           Doubts
           fully
           resolved
           ,
           with
           the
           manifesting
           of
           the
           Iustice
           ,
           Goodness
           and
           Necessity
           of
           this
           Engagement
           ,
           we
           speak
           it
           seriously
           and
           unfeignedly
           ,
           there
           shall
           none
           more
           willingly
           nor
           readily
           then
           our selves
           subscribe
           it
           ,
           until
           then
           ,
           we
           cannot
           but
           think
           the
           pressing
           of
           the
           Engagement
           ,
           and
           the
           punishing
           the
           Non-Subscribers
           with
           with
           such
           intollerable
           punishments
           ,
           as
           the
           exposing
           their
           Estates
           and
           persons
           to
           open
           violence
           ,
           such
           on
           enslaving
           ,
           irrational
           and
           destructive
           Act
           against
           the
           Protestants
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           as
           since
           the
           planting
           of
           the
           Gospel
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           until
           this
           day
           ,
           the
           like
           destructive
           Act
           can
           scarce
           be
           found
           ,
           It
           enslaves
           the
           Souls
           as
           well
           as
           the
           bodies
           of
           men
           ;
           for
           what
           greater
           snare
           can
           there
           be
           to
           the
           Conscience
           ,
           then
           to
           be
           inforced
           to
           engage
           to
           they
           know
           not
           whom
           ?
           2.
           
           To
           they
           know
           not
           what
           ?
           All
           the
           light
           that
           is
           in
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           it
           plainly
           tells
           a
           man
           that
           subscribes
           it
           ,
           that
           he
           swears
           point
           blank
           against
           his
           Oath
           of
           Allegiance
           ,
           his
           Protestation
           and
           his
           Covenant
           ,
           all
           which
           engage
           him
           to
           maintain
           King
           and
           Lords
           ▪
           this
           engageth
           him
           against
           King
           and
           Lords
           in
           the
           bare
           words
           .
        
         
           
             Object
             .
          
           It
           is
           said
           by
           the
           most
           learned
           of
           the
           Engagers
           ,
           That
           the
           taking
           of
           this
           Engagement
           is
           no
           breach
           of
           the
           Covenant
           ,
           because
           the
           Covenant
           obligeth
           no
           longer
           then
           there
           is
           a
           possibility
           of
           keeping
           it
           ;
           but
           King
           and
           Lords
           being
           taken
           away
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           possibility
           of
           maintaining
           that
           that
           is
           not
           .
        
         
           
             Sol.
          
           But
           we
           humbly
           conceive
           (
           under
           favor
           )
           that
           this
           Argument
           is
           no
           way
           satisfactory
           ;
           For
           though
           it
           be
           granted
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           impossible
           for
           a
           Covenanter
           to
           maintain
           King
           and
           Lords
           when
           they
           are
           thrown
           down
           ,
           yet
           't
           is
           not
           impossible
           for
           him
           in
           his
           calling
           and
           place
           to
           maintain
           Kingly
           Government
           ;
           As
           it
           is
           impossible
           for
           the
           son
           to
           yield
           actual
           obedience
           to
           the
           father
           whom
           Theeves
           and
           Robbers
           have
           murthered
           ,
           yet
           't
           is
           possible
           for
           that
           son
           to
           express
           his
           fillial
           affection
           that
           he
           bore
           to
           his
           father
           ,
           and
           his
           real
           intentions
           of
           preserving
           his
           father
           ,
           by
           exclaiming
           against
           the
           Malefactors
           ,
           and
           using
           all
           lawful
           means
           to
           bring
           such
           men
           to
           condign
           punishment
           ,
           and
           utterly
           shunning
           all
           compliance
           with
           them
           .
        
         
           Put
           the
           case
           a
           company
           of
           hired
           servants
           in
           a
           family
           should
           conspire
           to
           kill
           the
           Master
           of
           the
           family
           ,
           or
           imprison
           him
           ,
           and
           seize
           on
           the
           wealth
           
           and
           estate
           of
           their
           Master
           ,
           divide
           it
           amongst
           them
           ,
           proclaim
           themselves
           Lords
           and
           Masters
           of
           the
           family
           ,
           command
           the
           children
           to
           yield
           obedience
           to
           them
           ;
           though
           the
           children
           are
           not
           able
           to
           resist
           them
           ,
           nor
           yield
           that
           obedidence
           for
           the
           present
           which
           is
           due
           to
           their
           father
           ,
           nor
           the
           wife
           express
           that
           conjugal
           love
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           violent
           restrant
           and
           separation
           ;
           yet
           it
           is
           possible
           for
           the
           wife
           to
           abhor
           the
           company
           ,
           and
           disclaim
           the
           authority
           of
           those
           servants
           ,
           not
           to
           own
           them
           for
           her
           lord
           ,
           nor
           submit
           unto
           them
           ,
           nor
           be
           confederate
           with
           them
           ,
           though
           she
           cannot
           for
           the
           present
           enjoy
           her
           husband
           ;
           and
           so
           for
           the
           children
           ,
           though
           they
           cannot
           possibly
           love
           as
           their
           father
           ,
           yet
           they
           may
           disclaim
           the
           power
           that
           abused
           their
           father
           ,
           pray
           for
           his
           restoring
           ,
           and
           abhor
           compliance
           with
           that
           party
           ,
           that
           so
           presumptuously
           and
           wickedly
           threw
           down
           their
           father
           ;
           This
           they
           may
           do
           ,
           and
           are
           bound
           to
           do
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           as
           children
           to
           a
           father
           ;
           and
           to
           do
           the
           contrary
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           confederate
           with
           those
           that
           destroyed
           their
           father
           ,
           were
           unnatural
           wickedness
           ,
           and
           a
           meer
           Conspiracy
           ,
           notwithstanding
           their
           father
           were
           not
           then
           in
           being
           .
           
             Rex
             pater
             patriae
             .
          
        
         
           2
           We
           affirm
           ,
           That
           the
           Kings
           Title
           is
           now
           on
           foot
           ,
           and
           the
           Lords
           in
           being
           ,
           therefore
           there
           is
           a
           possibility
           of
           keeping
           the
           Covenant
           now
           .
        
         
           Can
           any
           created
           (
           much
           less
           usurped
           )
           Power
           free
           us
           from
           our
           Oath
           ,
           which
           we
           made
           to
           maintain
           King
           ,
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           ,
           Religion
           ,
           Liberty
           ;
           and
           the
           Peace
           and
           Union
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ?
           and
           never
           to
           be
           drawn
           directly
           or
           indirectly
           by
           any
           Combination
           ,
           Perswasion
           or
           Terror
           to
           be
           divided
           from
           this
           blessed
           Union
           and
           Conjunction
           ,
           whether
           to
           make
           defection
           to
           the
           conteary
           part
           ,
           or
           give
           our selves
           to
           a
           detestable
           nutrarity
           or
           indiffterency
           ,
           but
           all
           the
           days
           of
           our
           lives
           zealously
           and
           constantly
           continue
           therein
           against
           all
           opposition
           .
           This
           clause
           of
           the
           Covenant
           seems
           to
           be
           made
           purposely
           against
           the
           Powers
           now
           in
           Command
           ;
           And
           do
           they
           imagine
           that
           men
           of
           Conscience
           or
           Honour
           will
           so
           foully
           blur
           their
           Profession
           and
           Reputation
           ,
           and
           endanger
           their
           Souls
           ,
           by
           a
           contrary
           Subscription
           ?
           
             Ashcam
          
           tells
           us
           ,
           That
           usurped
           Powers
           are
           so
           ,
           notwithstanding
           theyout
           and
           succeed
           another
           generation
           .
        
         
           We
           would
           fain
           know
           ,
           whether
           subscribing
           this
           Engagement
           be
           not
           an
           acknowledging
           of
           the
           present
           Power
           sitting
           to
           be
           the
           Supream
           Authority
           of
           the
           Nation
           ?
           and
           consequently
           in
           so
           doing
           whether
           we
           do
           not
           approve
           of
           their
           cutting
           off
           the
           King
           ,
           throwing
           down
           the
           House
           of
           Lords
           ,
           and
           casting
           out
           all
           the
           Covenant-keeping
           Commons
           ,
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Covenant
           keeping
           Officers
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           hereby
           contracting
           the
           guilt
           of
           Blood
           ,
           Treason
           ,
           and
           other
           foul
           Enormities
           to
           our selves
           ,
           by
           being
           partaker
           in
           other
           mens
           sins
           ,
           which
           
             David
             ,
             Psal.
          
           1.
           bids
           us
           neither
           to
           
             sit
          
           with
           ,
           nor
           
             stand
          
           with
           ,
           nor
           
             walk
          
           with
           ,
           not
           to
           have
           the
           least
           communion
           with
           ?
        
         
           
             Object
             .
          
           But
           is
           objected
           by
           the
           ablest
           of
           them
           from
           
             Rom.
          
           13.
           1
           ,
           2.
           
           That
           that
           the
           Powers
           that
           be
           are
           to
           be
           obeyed
           ,
           let
           them
           be
           what
           they
           will
           be
           ,
           if
           they
           are
           in
           being
           they
           are
           to
           be
           obeyed
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           the
           Ordinance
           of
           God
           .
        
         
           
             Ans.
          
           The
           Apostle
           layeth
           this
           Command
           upon
           Subjects
           ,
           not
           to
           rebel
           against
           the
           visible
           Supream
           Authority
           ,
           this
           the
           Engagers
           hold
           to
           be
           the
           
           sence
           of
           the
           Apostle
           if
           so
           ,
           then
           hence
           we
           draw
           this
           Argument
           ,
           
             Whatsoever
             subiects
             shal
             Rebel
             against
             a
             visible
             supream
             Authority
             ,
             they
             resist
             the
             Ordinance
             of
             God
             .
             But
             an
             Army
             and
             other
             subiects
             in
             contradicting
             the
             Votes
             of
             the
             two
             Houses
             ,
             cutting
             off
             the
             King
             and
             pulling
             down
             the
             house
             of
             Lords
             Rebel
             against
             the
             Supream
             Authoritie
             ,
             Ergo
             .
          
           Here
           is
           an
           Argument
           
             ad
             hominem
             ,
          
           so
           that
           the
           Apostle
           seems
           to
           tell
           us
           that
           usurping
           powers
           are
           not
           the
           Ordinance
           of
           God
           ,
           but
           the
           resisters
           of
           the
           Ordinance
           of
           God
           ;
           and
           therefore
           by
           their
           own
           Arguments
           the
           present
           power
           is
           rather
           to
           be
           dealt
           with
           as
           resisters
           of
           the
           visible
           Supream
           Authority
           then
           obeyed
           or
           acknowledged
           for
           Supream
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           that
           of
           Christs
           acknowledging
           
             Caesar
             ,
          
           't
           is
           well
           known
           the
           Case
           is
           far
           different
           from
           ours
           ,
           for
           the
           Roman
           Emperors
           had
           conquered
           Iudea
           many
           years
           before
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Nation
           became
           Tributary
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           the
           Supream
           Authority
           of
           the
           Iews
           acknowledged
           
             Caesar
          
           to
           be
           their
           King
           ,
           We
           have
           no
           King
           but
           
             Caesar
             ,
          
           and
           they
           had
           for
           a
           certain
           Tribute
           compounded
           with
           Caesar
           ,
           which
           Tribute
           money
           Christ
           forbids
           them
           not
           ,
           but
           commands
           them
           to
           pay
           ▪
           if
           the
           Iews
           will
           Covenant
           with
           Caesar
           Christ
           bids
           them
           not
           break
           Covenant
           with
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           all
           ,
           and
           how
           far
           is
           this
           from
           our
           Case
           ?
           Iesus
           Christ
           is
           a
           great
           enemy
           to
           usurpation
           and
           so
           much
           abhors
           that
           Christians
           should
           subject
           unto
           it
           ,
           especially
           under
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           that
           he
           cals
           it
           Devil
           worship
           ,
           Revel
           ,
           13.
           4.
           
           Subjecting
           to
           a
           Tyrannicall
           Government
           is
           called
           the
           worshiping
           of
           the
           Devil
           ;
           Verse
           1
           ,
           2.
           the
           beast
           arising
           out
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           (
           i.
           e.
           )
           the
           Ecclesiastical
           State
           ;
           meaning
           the
           Pope
           ,
           the
           great
           Independant
           or
           the
           world
           ;
           (
           verse
           2.
           )
           to
           whom
           the
           Devil
           ,
           the
           Dragon
           ,
           gave
           his
           seat
           and
           power
           ,
           and
           great
           authority
           ,
           The
           Dragons
           seat
           (
           before
           Constantine
           )
           was
           the
           Emperial
           Throne
           seated
           at
           Rome
           ,
           this
           the
           Devil
           gave
           the
           Pope
           ;
           and
           why
           is
           it
           said
           the
           Devil
           gave
           him
           his
           power
           and
           seat
           ,
           but
           because
           he
           got
           it
           in
           the
           Devils
           way
           ?
           by
           lying
           ,
           Covenant-breaking
           ,
           Rebellion
           against
           their
           Leige
           Masters
           the
           Emperors
           ,
           and
           his
           murthering
           and
           dethroning
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           usurping
           their
           authority
           .
           This
           usurped
           power
           of
           the
           Pope
           ,
           verse
           3
           ,
           the
           world
           wondered
           after
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           yeelded
           subjection
           unto
           ,
           acknowledged
           his
           soveraignty
           ;
           and
           Verse
           4.
           and
           they
           worshiped
           the
           Dragon
           ;
           how
           so
           ?
           the
           next
           words
           tell
           you
           ,
           he
           gave
           power
           to
           the
           Beast
           ;
           The
           Romans
           did
           not
           ,
           and
           the
           Roman
           Catholiques
           did
           never
           absolutely
           professe
           themselves
           worshipers
           of
           the
           Devil
           ,
           but
           in
           as
           much
           as
           they
           worshiped
           an
           usurped
           Power
           ,
           a
           Power
           gotten
           by
           Treachery
           ,
           Rebellion
           ,
           murther
           ,
           and
           deceit
           ,
           they
           worshiped
           the
           Devil
           .
           This
           Text
           holds
           out
           two
           clear
           Truths
           .
           1.
           
           That
           there
           are
           Powers
           which
           are
           not
           of
           Gods
           setting
           up
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           Devils
           setting
           up
           .
           2.
           
           To
           subject
           to
           such
           usurped
           power
           ,
           is
           subjection
           to
           the
           Devil
           ,
           and
           as
           odious
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           Christ
           as
           worshiping
           of
           the
           Devil
           .
        
         
           
             Object
             .
          
           Kings
           were
           ordained
           in
           wrath
           ,
           and
           God
           was
           angry
           with
           Israel
           for
           desiring
           a
           King
           ;
           
             Ergo
             ,
          
           Kings
           are
           not
           the
           government
           approved
           by
           God
           .
        
         
           
             Sol.
          
           To
           this
           we
           answer
           in
           a
           word
           to
           the
           Engagers
           ,
           who
           upon
           this
           ground
           reject
           the
           government
           of
           Kings
           .
        
         
         
           1.
           
           God
           did
           not
           give
           the
           office
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           but
           the
           person
           of
           a
           King
           in
           wrath
           ▪
           for
           when
           God
           took
           away
           the
           person
           ,
           he
           continued
           the
           office
           .
           2.
           
           He
           promised
           to
           
             Abraham
          
           that
           Kings
           should
           come
           of
           him
           .
           3.
           
           He
           that
           denyes
           the
           office
           of
           a
           king
           ,
           denyes
           Christ
           who
           is
           a
           King
           ,
           and
           denyes
           the
           established
           Government
           (
           in
           the
           form
           of
           it
           )
           by
           God
           in
           the
           Church
           since
           
             Adam
             .
          
        
         
           2.
           
           God
           was
           not
           angry
           with
           them
           simply
           for
           seeking
           a
           king
           ,
           but
           ,
           1.
           for
           their
           manner
           of
           seeking
           a
           king
           ;
           they
           would
           seek
           one
           in
           the
           pride
           of
           their
           heart
           ,
           onely
           to
           be
           like
           other
           Nations
           :
           1
           
             Sam.
          
           8.
           5.
           their
           hearts
           were
           hankering
           after
           not
           only
           to
           be
           like
           other
           Nations
           government
           ,
           but
           their
           Religion
           .
           ●
           .
           For
           that
           they
           sought
           a
           king
           inordinately
           ,
           they
           could
           not
           be
           content
           with
           a
           government
           that
           was
           over
           them
           ,
           but
           had
           an
           itching
           discontented
           humor
           against
           the
           present
           visible
           government
           .
           They
           made
           a
           remonstrance
           that
           their
           Judges
           were
           unjust
           ,
           therfore
           they
           would
           be
           no
           longer
           subject
           to
           them
           :
           
             v.
             
          
           5.
           this
           God
           is
           angry
           at
           .
           For
           Subjects
           to
           reject
           ,
           or
           indeavour
           to
           change
           the
           government
           of
           a
           kingdom
           ,
           or
           to
           overthrow
           the
           visible
           lawfull
           Authority
           upon
           dislike
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           is
           a
           God-provoking
           sin
           ,
           let
           the
           Ingagers
           look
           to
           it
           .
           The
           supreme
           Powers
           are
           onely
           disposed
           of
           by
           God
           .
           Doubtlesse
           they
           might
           have
           prayed
           to
           God
           in
           his
           due
           time
           to
           fulfill
           his
           promise
           ,
           
             Gen.
          
           16.
           of
           giving
           them
           a
           king
           ,
           for
           Israel
           never
           came
           to
           the
           high
           noon
           of
           Reformation
           and
           glory
           till
           kings
           were
           set
           over
           ,
           and
           that
           was
           in
           
             Solomon
             ,
          
           at
           which
           time
           the
           Church
           and
           State
           of
           the
           Jews
           flourished
           beyond
           all
           things
           before
           or
           since
           :
           so
           that
           in
           praying
           for
           a
           king
           in
           order
           to
           the
           glory
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           accomplishment
           of
           his
           promises
           ,
           and
           the
           good
           of
           his
           Church
           ,
           it
           had
           been
           no
           sin
           :
           but
           for
           the
           people
           of
           their
           own
           heads
           mutinously
           ,
           and
           in
           opposition
           to
           a
           visible
           Authority
           ,
           to
           desire
           a
           king
           ,
           this
           was
           a
           great
           sin
           .
        
         
           
             Ob.
          
           If
           Gods
           providence
           order
           such
           things
           ,
           we
           must
           submit
           to
           providence
           ,
           and
           revealed
           decrees
           of
           God
           ,
           lest
           we
           be
           found
           fighters
           against
           God
           .
        
         
           
             Sol.
          
           To
           this
           we
           answer
           :
           there
           are
           the
           decrees
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           commands
           of
           God
           ,
           we
           speak
           of
           them
           now
           as
           contra-distinct
           things
           
             quo
             ad
             nos
             .
          
        
         
           The
           precepts
           or
           revealed
           commands
           of
           God
           in
           his
           word
           ,
           are
           the
           unquestionable
           rules
           of
           Christians
           at
           all
           times
           ,
           whereby
           to
           regulate
           all
           their
           actions
           ,
           against
           which
           no
           providence
           nor
           necessity
           can
           prevail
           :
           so
           as
           to
           dispense
           with
           those
           Laws
           or
           precepts
           ,
           we
           mean
           morall
           precepts
           ,
           such
           as
           are
           naturally
           moral
           ,
           not
           morall
           barely
           by
           institution
           ,
           for
           such
           a
           morall
           differs
           nothing
           from
           ceremoniall
           ,
           except
           in
           duration
           ;
           such
           morall
           precepts
           ,
           
             in
             extremâ
             necessitate
             ,
          
           may
           be
           dispensed
           withall
           ,
           as
           to
           help
           an
           ox
           out
           of
           a
           pit
           on
           the
           Sabbath
           day
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           labour
           ,
           and
           toil
           ,
           and
           simply
           a
           breach
           of
           the
           Sabbath
           ,
           yet
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           necessity
           it
           gives
           a
           dispensation
           ,
           or
           rather
           the
           Law
           dispenseth
           with
           it
           .
           But
           as
           for
           morall
           commands
           which
           are
           such
           by
           nature
           ,
           they
           are
           indispensible
           rules
           ,
           except
           in
           the
           case
           of
           an
           immediate
           call
           to
           the
           contrary
           by
           revelation
           from
           God
           .
           As
           
             Abraham
          
           was
           call'd
           to
           kill
           his
           son
           
             Isaac
             ,
          
           which
           was
           against
           a
           naturall
           precept
           ,
           yet
           having
           an
           immediate
           call
           from
           God
           ,
           had
           not
           God
           stayed
           his
           hand
           ,
           he
           might
           have
           lawfully
           done
           it
           :
           because
           he
           that
           commanded
           
             Abraham
          
           so
           to
           do
           was
           the
           Lord
           ,
           and
           maker
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           which
           he
           can
           dispense
           with
           .
           But
           this
           case
           cannot
           be
           ours
           under
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           because
           God
           hath
           given
           us
           his
           revealed
           will
           in
           writing
           ,
           since
           which
           immediate
           revelations
           have
           ceased
           in
           the
           Gospel
           Churches
           ,
           there
           being
           no
           need
           of
           them
           at
           all
           .
        
         
         
           Now
           as
           for
           the
           Providentiall
           acts
           of
           God
           ,
           or
           his
           revealed
           decrees
           ,
           these
           are
           no
           rules
           for
           us
           to
           walk
           by
           ,
           nor
           follow
           any
           otherwise
           then
           they
           concur
           with
           the
           revealed
           will
           of
           God
           in
           his
           precepts
           .
           We
           bring
           a
           case
           shall
           make
           good
           this
           assertion
           ,
           and
           stop
           the
           mouthes
           of
           all
           rationall
           antagonists
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           1
           
             King.
          
           11.
           29.
           to
           
             v.
          
           39.
           there
           was
           that
           decree
           revealed
           to
           
             Jeroboam
          
           by
           the
           prophet
           
             Ahijah
             ,
          
           who
           exactly
           revealed
           Gods
           intentions
           to
           give
           to
           him
           ten
           of
           the
           twelve
           Tribes
           ,
           and
           the
           house
           of
           
             David
          
           but
           two
           ,
           
             Judah
          
           and
           sickly
           
             Benjamin
             ,
          
           scarce
           worth
           the
           mentioning
           as
           a
           Tribe
           it
           was
           so
           small
           .
           God
           reveals
           the
           reason
           to
           him
           why
           he
           did
           it
           ,
           
             viz
             :
          
           for
           idolatry
           ,
           and
           forsaking
           the
           true
           God
           .
           This
           ,
           
             v.
          
           37.
           donation
           of
           Gods
           to
           
             Jereboam
          
           is
           repeated
           again
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           God
           would
           choose
           him
           ,
           and
           give
           him
           a
           vast
           power
           over
           the
           people
           ,
           to
           do
           ,
           and
           reign
           as
           his
           heart
           could
           desire
           .
           Here
           if
           ever
           a
           man
           might
           have
           pleaded
           Providence
           ,
           and
           have
           urged
           the
           revealed
           decree
           of
           God
           for
           attempting
           treason
           against
           
             Solomon
             ,
          
           certainly
           (
           if
           in
           any
           case
           or
           person
           )
           it
           had
           not
           been
           rebellion
           in
           him
           to
           attempt
           that
           which
           Providence
           had
           decreed
           him
           .
           Nor
           rebellion
           in
           Israel
           to
           have
           subjected
           to
           him
           whom
           God
           had
           declared
           to
           be
           their
           king
           .
        
         
           But
           
             Jereboam
          
           in
           following
           the
           revealed
           decree
           of
           God
           ▪
           contrary
           to
           a
           moral
           precept
           of
           God
           ,
           
             viz
             :
          
           the
           fifth
           Commandment
           ,
           which
           injoyneth
           Subjects
           and
           inferiors
           to
           submit
           to
           their
           lawfull
           superiors
           ,
           for
           this
           very
           cause
           he
           is
           set
           down
           in
           the
           word
           of
           God
           as
           a
           Rebell
           against
           
             Solomon
             :
             1
             King.
          
           11.
           26.
           there
           he
           is
           put
           in
           the
           rear
           of
           the
           worst
           of
           the
           enemies
           of
           the
           Crown
           ,
           and
           royall
           family
           of
           Israel
           ,
           and
           stigmatized
           with
           this
           infamous
           mark
           of
           a
           Rebell
           :
           for
           ,
           
             v
             :
             26.
             
             Jereboam
          
           the
           son
           of
           
             Nebat
          
           an
           Ephrathite
           of
           
             Zereda
             ,
             Sauls
          
           servant
           —
           even
           he
           lift
           up
           his
           hand
           against
           the
           King
           :
           and
           the
           cause
           of
           this
           his
           rebellion
           is
           set
           forth
           in
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           following
           Chapter
           ,
           because
           God
           had
           revealed
           his
           decree
           concerning
           the
           punishing
           of
           the
           Royall
           Family
           for
           their
           sin
           in
           giving
           him
           ten
           of
           the
           Tribes
           .
        
         
           This
           revealed
           will
           of
           God
           was
           so
           far
           from
           justifying
           his
           acting
           against
           a
           morall
           precept
           ,
           that
           his
           actions
           are
           set
           forth
           hanging
           as
           it
           were
           on
           
             Hamans
          
           gallows
           ,
           expressed
           in
           the
           terms
           of
           the
           highest
           treason
           ,
           twice
           together
           ,
           
             He
             lift
             up
             his
             hand
             against
             the
             King
             ,
             he
             lift
             up
             his
             hand
             against
             the
             king
             .
          
        
         
           Nor
           are
           the
           ten
           Tribes
           lesse
           excusable
           who
           subjected
           to
           
             Jereboam
             :
          
           for
           though
           they
           might
           have
           pleaded
           self
           preservation
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           had
           not
           revolted
           they
           had
           all
           been
           undone
           ,
           and
           the
           providence
           of
           God
           who
           would
           have
           it
           so
           ,
           who
           had
           decreed
           it
           so
           ,
           and
           revealed
           those
           decrees
           to
           them
           by
           a
           Prophet
           ,
           these
           might
           not
           be
           resisted
           ,
           yet
           these
           ten
           Tribes
           notwithstanding
           for
           their
           rejecting
           of
           the
           visible
           and
           lawfull
           Authority
           ,
           and
           supremacie
           of
           the
           kingdome
           ,
           are
           twice
           branded
           in
           holy
           Chronicles
           for
           Rebels
           .
           1
           
             King.
             12.
             19.
             
             Israel
             rebelled
             against
             the
             house
             of
             David
             .
          
           And
           2
           
             Chron.
             10.
             19.
             
             Israel
             rebelled
             against
             the
             house
             of
             David
             .
          
        
         
           So
           that
           it
           is
           manifest
           ,
           that
           following
           of
           Providence
           is
           so
           far
           from
           being
           a
           Christians
           duty
           ,
           that
           many
           times
           it
           is
           a
           desperate
           sin
           :
           and
           therefore
           it
           was
           that
           holy
           
             David
          
           when
           he
           might
           have
           cut
           off
           
             Sauls
          
           head
           ,
           and
           when
           Providence
           had
           cast
           him
           into
           his
           hands
           ,
           he
           durst
           not
           walk
           by
           acts
           of
           Providence
           ,
           but
           by
           divine
           precepts
           ,
           which
           commanded
           him
           to
           do
           no
           murther
           .
           He
           might
           have
           pleaded
           self-preservation
           ,
           and
           in
           killing
           him
           he
           had
           killed
           a
           publick
           Enemie
           ,
           and
           a
           murtherer
           .
           But
           
             David
          
           had
           a
           better
           guide
           then
           Providence
           to
           direct
           him
           .
        
         
         
           Witty
           and
           true
           was
           that
           expression
           of
           a
           pious
           and
           learned
           Divine
           :
           If
           
             Joseph
          
           in
           Aegypt
           had
           followed
           Providence
           ,
           he
           had
           without
           doubt
           committed
           folly
           with
           his
           Mistris
           ,
           and
           have
           said
           Providence
           put
           him
           upon
           it
           .
           We
           therefore
           conclude
           ,
           that
           acts
           of
           Providence
           are
           no
           rules
           for
           Christians
           to
           follow
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           so
           far
           from
           resisting
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           not
           being
           governed
           by
           them
           ,
           that
           many
           times
           it
           becomes
           a
           great
           sin
           ,
           as
           is
           evident
           by
           what
           hath
           been
           declared
           :
           and
           the
           ten
           Tribes
           have
           this
           sin
           written
           in
           bloody
           characters
           upon
           their
           back
           untill
           this
           day
           :
           for
           from
           Rebellion
           they
           turned
           to
           Idolatry
           ;
           and
           from
           that
           day
           forward
           they
           sank
           deeper
           and
           deeper
           into
           misery
           ,
           untill
           they
           lost
           their
           Religion
           ,
           Laws
           ,
           liberties
           ,
           and
           Nation
           :
           which
           judgement
           remains
           upon
           them
           untill
           this
           day
           ;
           God
           having
           hanged
           them
           in
           Gibbets
           to
           teach
           Posterities
           after
           them
           to
           take
           heed
           of
           their
           sins
           ,
           
             viz
             :
          
           of
           following
           Providence
           against
           a
           Precept
           :
        
         
           
             Ob.
          
           But
           how
           comes
           it
           to
           passe
           ,
           that
           they
           that
           make
           a
           scruple
           of
           subscribing
           this
           Ingagement
           ,
           yet
           make
           no
           scruple
           of
           paying
           taxes
           :
           Is
           not
           such
           a
           subjection
           an
           acknowledgement
           of
           their
           Authority
           ?
           and
           do
           they
           not
           condemne
           themselves
           in
           doing
           one
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           other
           ?
        
         
           
             A.
          
           We
           will
           not
           undertake
           to
           give
           the
           fullest
           Answer
           hereunto
           ,
           yet
           we
           hope
           a
           satisfactory
           Answer
           we
           shall
           be
           able
           to
           give
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           We
           therfore
           say
           ,
           that
           we
           that
           do
           pay
           taxes
           do
           make
           scruples
           of
           paying
           them
           ,
           and
           were
           we
           not
           inslaved
           should
           much
           more
           expresse
           our selves
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           Paying
           of
           taxes
           doth
           not
           imply
           a
           not
           scrupling
           of
           the
           authority
           that
           demands
           and
           exacts
           them
           :
           A
           man
           may
           pay
           his
           money
           to
           a
           thief
           ,
           yet
           not
           acknowledge
           that
           authority
           to
           be
           just
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           Taxes
           that
           are
           now
           imposed
           are
           extorted
           ,
           and
           not
           voluntarily
           payed
           :
           and
           (
           as
           to
           that
           )
           a
           power
           is
           usurped
           over
           mens
           estates
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           Nation
           were
           compleatly
           conquered
           Now
           in
           such
           a
           case
           we
           conceive
           our selves
           meerly
           passive
           ,
           and
           no
           way
           active
           ,
           at
           least
           free
           from
           any
           spontaneous
           act
           .
           Now
           this
           is
           far
           from
           acknowledging
           the
           iustness
           and
           lawfulness
           of
           the
           supremacie
           of
           such
           a
           Power
           ;
           t
           is
           one
           thing
           to
           be
           inforced
           to
           a
           subjection
           in
           person
           and
           estate
           ;
           and
           quite
           another
           thing
           to
           acknowledge
           that
           power
           which
           usurps
           this
           authority
           to
           be
           supreme
           and
           legall
           ,
           which
           the
           Ingagement
           absolutely
           inforceth
           upon
           the
           Subscribers
           .
        
         
           But
           let
           the
           world
           judge
           from
           this
           Objection
           ,
           how
           cruel
           and
           tyrannical
           that
           Government
           is
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           poore
           Protestants
           shall
           be
           content
           to
           submit
           to
           most
           grievous
           taxes
           for
           quietnesse
           sake
           ;
           yet
           this
           is
           not
           sufficient
           ,
           unlesse
           they
           will
           subject
           their
           souls
           ,
           and
           insnare
           them
           also
           in
           unreasonable
           and
           cruell
           bondage
           .
           Is
           it
           not
           sufficient
           for
           the
           paying
           of
           taxes
           ,
           bearing
           of
           Free-quarter
           ,
           and
           suffering
           many
           afflictions
           to
           purchase
           (
           that
           which
           in
           no
           age
           was
           ever
           denyed
           )
           our
           freedom
           ,
           but
           we
           must
           be
           cut-lawed
           ,
           accounted
           the
           off-scouring
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           exposed
           to
           the
           cruelty
           of
           merciles
           men
           without
           remedie
           ;
           must
           our
           estates
           ,
           our
           livelihoods
           be
           taken
           away
           ,
           our
           wives
           ravished
           ,
           our
           children
           dis-inherited
           ,
           our
           goods
           rifled
           and
           must
           we
           have
           no
           remedy
           ,
           and
           all
           because
           we
           will
           not
           ●ump
           with
           men
           in
           their
           opinion
           ?
           Let
           all
           Europe
           judge
           between
           our
           enemies
           and
           us
           this
           day
           ,
           what
           have
           we
           done
           against
           them
           thus
           to
           provoke
           them
           ,
           who
           of
           us
           have
           lifted
           up
           our
           hands
           against
           them
           where
           are
           these
           of
           us
           that
           in
           any
           taxes
           are
           behind
           ?
           but
           we
           have
           payed
           it
           
           double
           ,
           and
           yet
           a
           thousand
           of
           our
           families
           are
           ruined
           by
           them
           ;
           they
           have
           taken
           away
           our
           offices
           ,
           and
           livelihoods
           ,
           they
           have
           suspended
           and
           imprisoned
           sundry
           of
           our
           Orthodox
           and
           Presbyterian
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           now
           have
           layed
           a
           snare
           to
           pluck
           them
           out
           of
           their
           Benefices
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           to
           drive
           them
           the
           kingdome
           ,
           as
           men
           unworthy
           to
           be
           protected
           .
           Where
           is
           that
           liberty
           of
           conscience
           they
           so
           much
           pleaded
           for
           before
           they
           got
           to
           be
           supreme
           ,
           is
           not
           that
           forgot
           now
           ?
           Are
           not
           Mr.
           
           
             Edwards
          
           his
           words
           fulfilled
           ,
           who
           fore-warned
           the
           kingdom
           of
           that
           party
           which
           pleaded
           for
           Liberty
           of
           Conscience
           ,
           saying
           ,
           If
           ever
           they
           got
           power
           they
           would
           not
           grant
           liberty
           of
           conscience
           to
           others
           ,
           who
           now
           so
           much
           plead
           for
           it
           for
           themselves
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           our
           comfort
           in
           our
           distresse
           ,
           that
           though
           on
           all
           hands
           we
           are
           hated
           ,
           and
           persecuted
           ,
           and
           repreached
           by
           our
           enemies
           ,
           yet
           for
           all
           this
           we
           have
           not
           dealt
           falsly
           in
           our
           Covenant
           :
           and
           we
           can
           say
           more
           in
           our
           distresse
           to
           uphold
           our
           hearts
           then
           all
           our
           enemies
           ,
           Lord
           thov
           knowest
           our
           integrity
           .
        
         
           We
           will
           onely
           adde
           one
           thing
           (
           which
           indeed
           is
           no
           addition
           ,
           but
           a
           vehement
           reiteration
           ,
           that
           this
           new
           Ingagement
           may
           be
           explained
           according
           to
           our
           Queries
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           way
           to
           satisfie
           the
           rationall
           and
           sober
           minded
           part
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           if
           possible
           the
           drawer
           of
           it
           up
           ,
           and
           first
           framer
           of
           it
           may
           be
           known
           .
           This
           would
           give
           wonderfull
           satisfaction
           not
           onely
           to
           private
           men
           ,
           but
           Parliament
           men
           ,
           who
           know
           the
           framer
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           stop
           the
           mouthes
           of
           such
           who
           say
           ,
           that
           Sir
           
             Kelenem
             Digby
             ,
          
           and
           that
           patty
           that
           came
           with
           him
           from
           
             Rome
          
           into
           
             England
          
           (
           about
           the
           time
           of
           the
           throwing
           down
           of
           the
           Lords
           ,
           and
           cutting
           off
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           framed
           this
           Ingagement
           against
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           and
           Covenanteers
           party
           ;
           as
           also
           to
           ruine
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           Army
           .
           This
           by
           many
           rationall
           men
           is
           much
           credited
           upon
           this
           ground
           :
           because
           that
           the
           chief
           head-peeces
           of
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           were
           at
           the
           cutting
           off
           of
           the
           King
           here
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           freely
           in
           oying
           their
           liberty
           ;
           such
           as
           Sir
           
             Kelenem
             Digby
             ,
          
           with
           his
           concealed
           Comrades
           ,
           besides
           Sir
           
             Iohn
             Winter
             ,
             Endimion
             Porter
          
           Esquire
           ,
           
             Walter
             Montague
          
           Esquire
           ,
           Sir
           
             Edw
             :
             Ford
             ,
          
           all
           professed
           Papists
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           of
           them
           proclaimed
           Traytors
           ,
           some
           of
           them
           being
           of
           the
           blood
           of
           the
           gunpowder-traytors
           ;
           these
           had
           all
           their
           liberties
           to
           flant
           it
           in
           the
           City
           of
           
             London
             ,
          
           and
           Westminster
           Hall
           ,
           and
           were
           courted
           ,
           and
           gallantly
           entertained
           ,
           whiles
           above
           40.
           of
           the
           notorious
           Hereticks
           in
           the
           Popes
           black
           book
           ,
           we
           mean
           stout
           Protestants
           (
           whose
           names
           many
           of
           them
           were
           at
           the
           Covenant
           in
           Print
           )
           were
           inforced
           to
           look
           through
           the
           grates
           of
           Prisons
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Waller
             ,
          
           Major
           Generall
           
             Brown
             ,
          
           Coll
           :
           
             Coply
             ,
          
           and
           others
           being
           to
           this
           day
           deteined
           and
           not
           the
           least
           cause
           shown
           for
           it
           ,
           but
           only
           because
           they
           are
           Protestants
           many
           were
           inforced
           to
           make
           escapes
           ,
           and
           flye
           beyond
           Sea
           as
           Coll.
           
             Hollis
             ,
          
           Col
           :
           
             Massy
             ,
          
           and
           severall
           Citizens
           of
           
             London
             :
          
           so
           that
           all
           men
           that
           had
           observed
           the
           Popes
           designes
           ,
           since
           the
           Covenant
           was
           made
           against
           him
           in
           England
           ,
           concluded
           that
           now
           the
           designe
           of
           the
           Popes
           had
           taken
           effect
           ,
           and
           he
           had
           taken
           full
           revenge
           upon
           the
           Parliament
           of
           
             England
          
           for
           all
           their
           Injuries
           done
           unto
           him
           and
           his
           party
           .
           Since
           which
           there
           onely
           remaineth
           of
           the
           Covenant
           keeping
           Presby●erian
           Ministery
           ,
           against
           which
           many
           Petitions
           have
           been
           made
           ,
           and
           put
           up
           to
           the
           House
           at
           Westminster
           ,
           some
           to
           take
           them
           down
           ,
           and
           some
           to
           take
           their
           means
           from
           them
           .
           But
           now
           the
           last
           and
           grand
           designe
           is
           to
           put
           upon
           them
           the
           new
           Ingagement
           ,
           this
           hath
           scattered
           the
           Assembly
           of
           Divines
           in
           
           the
           first
           place
           ,
           hath
           shaken
           and
           cast
           out
           the
           Heads
           of
           Houses
           in
           both
           Universities
           ,
           and
           daily
           creepeth
           more
           and
           more
           upon
           the
           Protestant
           Ministers
           both
           in
           the
           City
           and
           Countrey
           ,
           clipping
           their
           estates
           ,
           and
           keeping
           them
           out
           of
           Livings
           ,
           and
           Benefices
           ,
           whereby
           very
           many
           of
           the
           godly
           Ministers
           with
           their
           Families
           are
           like
           to
           starve
           already
           ,
           these
           things
           make
           many
           Protestants
           imagine
           ,
           that
           the
           design
           is
           to
           pluck
           up
           all
           the
           sound
           Protestants
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           both
           of
           Magistrates
           and
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           so
           by
           degrees
           to
           eradicate
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           and
           all
           to
           make
           way
           for
           Popery
           ,
           which
           hath
           already
           got
           stronger
           footing
           in
           the
           Kingdome
           then
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           :
           for
           all
           the
           oaths
           that
           were
           against
           their
           consciences
           are
           taken
           away
           ,
           and
           a
           new
           one
           set
           up
           well
           pleasing
           to
           the
           Papists
           ,
           onely
           offensive
           to
           the
           Protestants
           :
           nay
           all
           Laws
           against
           the
           Papists
           are
           repealed
           ,
           and
           they
           restored
           to
           their
           ancient
           liberties
           in
           Q.
           
             Maries
          
           daies
           ,
           and
           worse
           Laws
           against
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           then
           in
           her
           daies
           .
           Nor
           is
           this
           inconsistent
           with
           State
           policy
           ,
           for
           if
           it
           be
           true
           as
           it
           is
           beleeved
           ,
           and
           reported
           to
           be
           true
           ,
           that
           the
           designe
           is
           to
           set
           up
           Monarchy
           in
           another
           family
           ,
           they
           cannot
           do
           it
           without
           the
           alteration
           of
           Religion
           ,
           for
           the
           Protestants
           they
           are
           resolved
           to
           keep
           their
           Covenant
           ,
           and
           the
           Sectarians
           they
           are
           in
           no
           wise
           to
           be
           leaned
           upon
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           instability
           ,
           they
           are
           like
           Jackdaws
           that
           flye
           from
           Church
           to
           Church
           ,
           sometimes
           here
           ,
           sometimes
           there
           ,
           Heterogenious
           parts
           in
           an
           intire
           body
           ,
           are
           fit
           to
           throw
           down
           a
           government
           :
           But
           unfit
           to
           erect
           another
           .
           But
           the
           Jesuite
           he
           is
           both
           a
           Statesman
           ,
           and
           a
           staid
           man
           upon
           the
           Romish
           bottome
           ,
           and
           that
           party
           ,
           
             viz
             :
          
           the
           Romish
           party
           ,
           are
           all
           allies
           in
           the
           Catholick
           cause
           ;
           so
           that
           he
           that
           will
           usurp
           a
           Monarchy
           ,
           his
           onely
           pollitique
           way
           is
           to
           joyn
           with
           that
           party
           who
           can
           befriend
           him
           in
           every
           Countrey
           .
           For
           all
           Catholick
           Princes
           are
           bound
           by
           an
           Oath
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           in
           them
           lies
           ,
           to
           promote
           the
           Catholique
           cause
           ,
           and
           what
           Prince
           that
           is
           a
           Papist
           dares
           be
           assistant
           to
           a
           Protestant
           Prince
           against
           an
           usurper
           ,
           that
           hath
           promised
           the
           Pope
           to
           set
           up
           the
           Catholique
           cause
           ,
           and
           root
           out
           Protestants
           ,
           that
           Prince
           that
           should
           do
           so
           ,
           should
           be
           sure
           to
           be
           cursed
           whith
           bell
           ,
           book
           ,
           and
           candle
           at
           
             Rome
             :
          
           nay
           what
           King
           durst
           refuse
           (
           upon
           the
           Popes
           command
           ,
           )
           to
           be
           assistant
           to
           the
           usurper
           ,
           against
           the
           true
           head
           being
           a
           Protestant
           ;
           we
           will
           say
           no
           more
           :
           what
           others
           say
           ,
           either
           to
           tell
           of
           Sir
           
             Kenelem
             Digby
          
           his
           being
           sent
           to
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           or
           of
           Quarter-master
           Generall
           
             Watsons
          
           going
           after
           him
           ,
           or
           of
           his
           instructions
           what
           to
           agitate
           at
           the
           Popes
           Court
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           Popes
           designs
           in
           
             Ireland
          
           against
           the
           Protestants
           .
        
         
           But
           we
           will
           desire
           the
           Author
           who
           ever
           he
           be
           ,
           or
           the
           power
           that
           put
           it
           forth
           ,
           that
           they
           will
           tell
           us
           ,
           what
           is
           the
           meaning
           of
           his
           new
           Ingagement
           ,
           and
           make
           it
           cleer
           to
           us
           that
           they
           can
           lawfully
           impose
           it
           :
           and
           when
           the
           justnesse
           thereof
           in
           each
           particular
           shall
           be
           made
           out
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           for
           the
           glory
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           advancement
           of
           Religion
           ,
           the
           establishment
           of
           lawfull
           Magistracy
           ,
           and
           the
           establishing
           and
           reforming
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           as
           the
           tenour
           of
           the
           Covenant
           runs
           ,
           we
           do
           again
           professe
           that
           we
           will
           with
           all
           joyfulnesse
           submit
           ,
           and
           subscribe
           thereunto
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           upon
           cleer
           and
           manifest
           grounds
           it
           appear
           to
           be
           destrctive
           to
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           Religion
           ,
           Laws
           ,
           Liberty
           ,
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           Army
           ,
           and
           a
           meer
           design
           to
           introduce
           Popery
           ,
           they
           will
           be
           so
           far
           from
           promoting
           it
           (
           we
           hope
           )
           that
           they
           will
           speedily
           remove
           it
           out
           of
           the
           way
           ,
           as
           a
           burdensome
           stone
           upon
           
           Christians
           consciences
           ,
           and
           the
           Kingdoms
           Gangreen
           .
           We
           could
           wish
           them
           to
           take
           notice
           of
           the
           hand
           of
           God
           against
           it
           since
           is
           came
           forth
           ,
           the
           same
           night
           that
           the
           Act
           for
           the
           taking
           the
           Ingagement
           was
           printed
           ,
           the
           same
           night
           a
           dreadfull
           blow
           by
           powder
           ,
           which
           blew
           up
           70.
           and
           odde
           persons
           ,
           and
           slew
           them
           all
           in
           the
           twinkle
           of
           an
           eye
           :
           Lieut
           :
           Coll
           :
           
             Smith
             ,
          
           who
           was
           Sir
           
             Hardresse
             Wallers
          
           L
           :
           Coll
           :
           he
           that
           was
           the
           busie
           man
           in
           pulling
           the
           Members
           of
           the
           Commons
           House
           out
           of
           the
           House
           ,
           and
           imprisoning
           the
           Members
           ,
           he
           was
           blowed
           up
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           his
           cups
           ,
           and
           slain
           :
           and
           since
           that
           one
           of
           the
           promoters
           of
           the
           Ingagement
           (
           we
           tremble
           to
           mention
           it
           )
           on
           Jan
           :
           30.
           through
           the
           terror
           of
           conscience
           ,
           and
           temptation
           of
           the
           devil
           ,
           hanged
           himself
           .
           We
           cannot
           but
           take
           notice
           of
           Gods
           displeasure
           and
           wrath
           which
           breaks
           out
           daily
           amongst
           us
           ,
           in
           fires
           and
           murthers
           since
           this
           Ingagement
           came
           forth
           .
        
         
           We
           therefore
           resolve
           (
           as
           we
           hate
           perjury
           ,
           rebellion
           and
           treason
           )
           not
           to
           touch
           with
           this
           Ingagement
           ,
           until
           upon
           evident
           grounds
           of
           humane
           reason
           ,
           or
           Divinity
           ,
           it
           be
           made
           clear
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           for
           the
           good
           of
           Religion
           ,
           Laws
           ,
           Magistracy
           ,
           and
           Ministery
           :
           and
           this
           our
           resolution
           is
           so
           reasonable
           ,
           and
           just
           ,
           that
           we
           conceive
           none
           but
           unreasonable
           men
           ,
           and
           the
           enemies
           of
           Church
           and
           State
           ,
           Parliament
           ,
           Army
           and
           people
           will
           speak
           against
           it
           ,
           or
           oppose
           this
           our
           resolution
           .
        
         
           
             Ob.
          
           There
           is
           one
           objection
           or
           false
           glosse
           which
           the
           Ingagers
           make
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           in
           the
           clause
           of
           the
           3d.
           
           Article
           of
           the
           Covenant
           concerning
           the
           King
           ,
           that
           we
           covenanted
           with
           the
           Parliament
           to
           defend
           the
           King
           so
           far
           as
           he
           defended
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           :
           but
           if
           he
           act
           contrary
           ,
           then
           to
           bring
           him
           to
           Justice
           according
           to
           the
           Covenant
           ,
           that
           injoyns
           us
           to
           bring
           Delinquents
           to
           condigne
           punishment
           .
           But
           ,
           say
           they
           ,
           the
           King
           was
           a
           great
           Delinquent
           ,
           and
           an
           enemy
           to
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           .
        
         
           
             A.
          
           To
           this
           we
           answer
           briefly
           :
           1.
           
           The
           two
           former
           Articles
           of
           the
           Covenant
           speak
           wholly
           of
           the
           preservation
           of
           the
           reformed
           Religion
           ,
           the
           3d.
           
           Article
           speaks
           wholly
           of
           the
           preservation
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           kingdome
           ,
           which
           together
           with
           the
           preservation
           of
           Religion
           we
           covenanted
           to
           defend
           .
           To
           defend
           his
           Majesties
           person
           [
           in
           the
           preservation
           and
           defence
           of
           the
           true
           Religion
           ,
           and
           Liberties
           of
           the
           kingdom
           ]
           is
           not
           inserted
           conditionally
           ,
           as
           I
           will
           defend
           his
           person
           no
           longer
           then
           he
           shall
           defend
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           Laws
           .
           If
           so
           ,
           then
           t
           was
           taken
           with
           the
           like
           condition
           to
           be
           subject
           to
           the
           Parliament
           :
           and
           then
           it
           must
           necessarily
           follow
           ,
           that
           we
           the
           Subjects
           make
           our selves
           the
           Kings
           Judges
           and
           that
           man
           or
           party
           may
           revolt
           from
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           indevour
           to
           pull
           him
           down
           ,
           because
           he
           maintains
           not
           his
           Religion
           ;
           and
           therfore
           we
           renounce
           that
           Interpretation
           of
           that
           Clause
           as
           Jesuiticall
           .
           We
           Protestants
           took
           it
           in
           this
           sence
           ,
           that
           we
           would
           ,
           together
           with
           our
           Religion
           ,
           preserve
           our
           King
           and
           Parliament
           absolutely
           :
           And
           if
           they
           did
           act
           any
           thing
           con●rary
           to
           Religion
           ,
           or
           Law
           ,
           we
           were
           resolved
           to
           yeeld
           passive
           obedience
           ,
           and
           in
           no
           wise
           to
           resist
           the
           higher
           Powers
           But
           grant
           it
           (
           which
           we
           will
           not
           )
           that
           it
           had
           been
           meant
           conditionally
           ,
           so
           long
           as
           he
           preserves
           Religion
           :
           how
           comes
           it
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           King
           had
           fully
           determined
           ,
           and
           yeelded
           to
           root
           out
           Popery
           ,
           and
           to
           establish
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           in
           the
           three
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           to
           establish
           Church
           government
           ,
           and
           put
           the
           Militia
           in
           the
           Parliaments
           hands
           ;
           and
           when
           the
           Parliament
           voted
           his
           concessions
           a
           ground
           to
           proceed
           
           on
           to
           settle
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           then
           he
           was
           snatched
           away
           ,
           and
           both
           King
           and
           Parliament
           thrown
           down
           .
           This
           plea
           of
           theirs
           joyned
           with
           their
           practice
           ,
           would
           make
           any
           man
           beleeve
           the
           Ingagers
           flat
           Papists
           .
           How
           can
           they
           say
           they
           sincerely
           maintain
           the
           rights
           and
           privileges
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           when
           they
           contradict
           their
           Votes
           ,
           and
           take
           the
           boldnesse
           to
           tell
           them
           they
           are
           all
           treacherous
           ,
           and
           lay
           violent
           hands
           on
           them
           ,
           and
           exclude
           them
           from
           sitting
           in
           the
           House
           ,
           and
           imprison
           them
           ?
           And
           how
           can
           they
           say
           they
           defended
           his
           Majesties
           person
           in
           the
           maintaining
           of
           true
           Religion
           ,
           when
           they
           cut
           him
           off
           ,
           even
           then
           ,
           when
           both
           the
           Houses
           of
           Parliament
           and
           He
           had
           even
           concluded
           the
           Treaty
           ,
           to
           root
           out
           Popery
           ,
           and
           establish
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ?
           What
           Subject
           ,
           especially
           hired
           servants
           ,
           dare
           presume
           to
           contradict
           the
           Parliaments
           Votes
           upon
           serious
           debate
           ,
           shall
           any
           one
           party
           of
           Subjects
           surmises
           out-weigh
           the
           grave
           and
           serious
           debates
           of
           a
           Parliament
           ?
           T
           is
           true
           subjects
           duty
           to
           submit
           to
           higher
           Powers
           ,
           not
           resist
           them
           .
           But
           this
           was
           a
           resistance
           at
           that
           very
           time
           when
           all
           things
           were
           concluded
           in
           a
           manner
           ,
           for
           setling
           the
           kingdome
           in
           peace
           ,
           and
           true
           Religion
           .
           So
           that
           they
           that
           upon
           this
           ground
           plead
           for
           the
           necessity
           of
           cutting
           off
           the
           King
           ,
           must
           plead
           it
           ,
           because
           he
           would
           no
           longer
           defend
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           .
           And
           therfore
           from
           the
           Ingagers
           own
           Argument
           of
           cutting
           off
           the
           King
           ,
           we
           cannot
           subscribe
           to
           this
           Ingagement
           ;
           lest
           the
           world
           take
           us
           for
           most
           rank
           hypocrites
           ,
           vile
           Apostates
           ,
           and
           absolute
           Papists
           .
        
         
           Reader
           ,
           the
           times
           are
           such
           that
           they
           will
           not
           admit
           such
           Papers
           to
           be
           perused
           ,
           and
           corrected
           to
           thy
           hand
           :
           therefore
           be
           pleased
           to
           amend
           with
           thy
           pen
           these
           grosse
           mistakes
           of
           the
           Printer
           .
        
         
           P.
           1.
           l.
           4.
           for
           ,
           and
           peace
           and
           religion
           ,
           r
           :
           pure
           Religion
           and
           famous
           Princes
           to
           defend
           both
           .
           l.
           5.
           for
           ,
           
             Fortescus
             ,
          
           r.
           
             Fortescue
             .
          
           l.
           10.
           for
           ,
           disposing
           ,
           r.
           dispensing
           .
           l.
           11
           for
           ,
           
             Ras
             ,
          
           r.
           
             res
          
           l.
           16.
           for
           ,
           spoke
           ,
           r.
           speaks
           .
           l.
           ult
           :
           for
           ,
           faind
           ,
           r.
           found
           p.
           2.
           l.
           3.
           for
           ,
           matter
           for
           ,
           r.
           matter
           ,
           so
           for
           .
           l.
           6.
           for
           ,
           for
           ,
           r
           :
           so
           .
           l
           :
           7.
           for
           ,
           constitution
           ,
           r
           :
           constituting
           .
           l.
           9.
           for
           ,
           conjunctions
           ,
           r
           :
           
             conjunctim
             .
          
           l.
           10.
           for
           
             apax
             ,
          
           r.
           
             apex
             .
          
           l.
           12.
           for
           ,
           procession
           ,
           r
           :
           processes
           ,
           l.
           13.
           for
           ,
           divisions
           ,
           r
           :
           
             divisim
             .
          
           l.
           14.
           for
           compunction
           ,
           r
           :
           
             conjunctim
             .
          
           l.
           17.
           for
           ,
           limitations
           ,
           r.
           as
           for
           limitations
           ,
           for
           ,
           power
           have
           ,
           r
           :
           power
           they
           have
           .
           l.
           33.
           blot
           out
           ,
           and
           the
           kingdom
           of
           England
           by
           King
           ,
           Lords
           ,
           and
           Commons
           ,
           p.
           4.
           l.
           3.
           for
           ,
           time
           ,
           r
           :
           line
           .
           l.
           4.
           fer
           ,
           divided
           
             Henry
             ,
          
           r.
           divided
           .
           
             Henry
             ,
          
           pvt
           out
           ,
           and
           l.
           13.
           for
           ,
           laying
           ,
           t
           :
           uniting
           .
           l.
           21.
           22.
           put
           out
           ,
           whose
           antiquity
           is
           beyond
           all
           kings
           in
           the
           world
           .
           l.
           32.
           for
           ,
           ●00
           .
           r
           :
           1000.
           l.
           34.
           blot
           out
           ,
           alwaies
           acknowledged
           and
           granted
           by
           the
           king
           .
           p.
           5.
           l.
           21.
           for
           ,
           then
           ,
           r.
           the
           three
           ,
           l.
           35.
           for
           ,
           vegative
           ,
           r.
           
           Negative
           .
           l.
           31.
           for
           ,
           publike
           ,
           r.
           politick
           ,
           p.
           7.
           l.
           2.
           for
           ,
           lover
           ,
           r
           :
           honour
           .
           l.
           3.
           for
           ,
           their
           ,
           r
           :
           your
           .
           for
           ,
           give
           ,
           r
           :
           grant
           .
           l.
           5.
           for
           ,
           4.
           but
           .
           r
           :
           4.
           
             N.
          
           17.
           
           But
           .
           l.
           7.
           for
           ,
           accesse
           ,
           r
           :
           excesse
           .
           l.
           10.
           for
           ,
           meaner
           ,
           r
           :
           meanest
           .
           l.
           7.
           for
           ,
           is
           ,
           r
           :
           as
           .
           l.
           19.
           for
           ,
           implies
           ,
           r
           :
           imploys
           .
           l.
           34.
           for
           ,
           approves
           ,
           r
           :
           appeals
           .
           l.
           35.
           for
           ,
           and
           infinition
           ,
           r
           :
           
             ad
             infinitum
             .
          
           p.
           8.
           l.
           1.
           for
           ,
           
             Giudas
             ,
          
           r
           :
           
             Guildas
             .
          
           l.
           2.
           for
           ,
           at
           ,
           r.
           of
           .
           l.
           6.
           for
           ,
           ptesevitians
           ,
           r
           :
           persecutions
           .
           l.
           8.
           for
           Entichion
           Heresies
           ,
           r
           :
           Eutichian
           Hereticks
           .
           for
           Popus
           ,
           r
           :
           Popes
           ,
           l
           :
           15.
           for
           Lucious
           ,
           r
           :
           
             Lucius
          
           l.
           17.
           for
           ,
           righteous
           ,
           r.
           religious
           .
           l.
           19.
           for
           ,
           
             Helea
             ,
          
           r
           :
           
             Helena
             .
          
           l.
           25
           for
           ,
           up
           ,
           Christian
           ,
           r.
           up
           ,
           the
           first
           Christian
           :
           l.
           29.
           for
           ,
           Antichrisian
           ,
           r
           :
           Antichristian
           .
           l.
           35.
           for
           ,
           intrapped
           ,
           r
           :
           Religious
           .
           l.
           38.
           for
           ,
           got
           ,
           r
           :
           Acted
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A86729e-610
           
             Fortes
             .
          
           
             Com.
             
          
           
             Leg.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             17.
             
          
           
             Smith
             .
          
           
             C.
             W.
             
          
           
             p.
             19.
             
          
           
             Fortes
             .
          
           
             C.
             18.
             
          
           
             Commend
             .
          
           
             Legum
             .
          
           
             Origen
             ▪
             
          
           
             Hom.
             4.
             
          
           
             Ezekel
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             ●aus
             .
             15.
             
             〈◊〉
             4.
             ●●oss
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             .
             l.
             5.
             
             Rom.
             〈◊〉
             .
             ca.
             ●7
             .